Simple Question (Direct)
Simple Question
Q91929
P20
Q56061
USER
Which administrative territory is the place of death of Johann Christian Jüngken ?
(Q91929,P20,c(Q56061))
action filter_type
action find
entity Q91929
relation P20
type Q56061
['Q91929', 'P20', {'concept': 'Q56061'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?a WHERE { resource:Q91929 property:P20 ?a . ?a rdf:type ontology:Q56061 }
Johann Christian Jüngken
action filter_type
action find
entity Johann Christian Jüngken
relation place of death
type administrative territorial entity
['Johann Christian Jüngken', 'place of death', {'concept': 'administrative territorial entity'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?a WHERE { resource:Johann_Christian_Jüngken property:place_of_death ?a . ?a rdf:type ontology:administrative_territorial_entity }
[]
administrative territorial entity
Q1715
SYSTEM
Hanover
Q1715
(Q91929,P20,c(Q56061))
action filter_type
action find
entity Q91929
relation P20
type Q56061
[ANSWER] is the place of death of Johann Christian Jüngken
['Q91929', 'P20', {'concept': 'Q56061'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?a WHERE { resource:Q91929 property:P20 ?a . ?a rdf:type ontology:Q56061 }
Hanover
Hanover is the place of death of Johann Christian Jüngken
Hanover
action filter_type
action find
entity Johann Christian Jüngken
relation place of death
type administrative territorial entity
['Johann Christian Jüngken', 'place of death', {'concept': 'administrative territorial entity'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?a WHERE { resource:Johann_Christian_Jüngken property:place_of_death ?a . ?a rdf:type ontology:administrative_territorial_entity }
[]
Simple Question (Direct)
Simple Question|Single Entity
Q91929
P512
Q3412758
USER
Which qualification does Johann Christian Jüngken hold ?
(Q91929,P512,c(Q3412758))
action filter_type
action find
entity Q91929
relation P512
type Q3412758
['Q91929', 'P512', {'concept': 'Q3412758'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?l WHERE { resource:Q91929 property:P512 ?l . ?l rdf:type ontology:Q3412758 }
Johann Christian Jüngken
action filter_type
action find
entity Johann Christian Jüngken
relation academic degree
type qualification
['Johann Christian Jüngken', 'academic degree', {'concept': 'qualification'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?l WHERE { resource:Johann_Christian_Jüngken property:academic_degree ?l . ?l rdf:type ontology:qualification }
[]
qualification
Q849697
SYSTEM
doctoral degree
Q849697
(Q91929,P512,c(Q3412758))
action filter_type
action find
entity Q91929
relation P512
type Q3412758
Johann Christian Jüngken holds the [ANSWER]
['Q91929', 'P512', {'concept': 'Q3412758'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?l WHERE { resource:Q91929 property:P512 ?l . ?l rdf:type ontology:Q3412758 }
doctoral degree
Johann Christian Jüngken holds the doctoral degree
doctoral degree
action filter_type
action find
entity Johann Christian Jüngken
relation academic degree
type qualification
['Johann Christian Jüngken', 'academic degree', {'concept': 'qualification'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?l WHERE { resource:Johann_Christian_Jüngken property:academic_degree ?l . ?l rdf:type ontology:qualification }
[]
Simple Question (Ellipsis)
only subject is changed, parent and predicate remains same
Q1614809
Q3412758
USER
And what about Konrad Fuchs?
(Q1614809,P512,c(Q3412758))
action filter_type
action find
entity Q1614809
relation P512
type Q3412758
['Q1614809', 'P512', {'concept': 'Q3412758'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?n WHERE { resource:Q1614809 property:P512 ?n . ?n rdf:type ontology:Q3412758 }
Konrad Fuchs
action filter_type
action find
entity Konrad Fuchs
relation academic degree
type qualification
['Konrad Fuchs', 'academic degree', {'concept': 'qualification'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?n WHERE { resource:Konrad_Fuchs property:academic_degree ?n . ?n rdf:type ontology:qualification }
[]
qualification
Q849697
SYSTEM
doctoral degree
Q849697
(Q1614809,P512,c(Q3412758))
action filter_type
action find
entity Q1614809
relation P512
type Q3412758
[ANSWER]
['Q1614809', 'P512', {'concept': 'Q3412758'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?n WHERE { resource:Q1614809 property:P512 ?n . ?n rdf:type ontology:Q3412758 }
doctoral degree
doctoral degree
action filter_type
action find
entity Konrad Fuchs
relation academic degree
type qualification
['Konrad Fuchs', 'academic degree', {'concept': 'qualification'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?n WHERE { resource:Konrad_Fuchs property:academic_degree ?n . ?n rdf:type ontology:qualification }
[]
Simple Question (Direct)
Simple Question|Single Entity
Q1715
P710
Q1190554
USER
Which event has Hanover as its participant ?
(c(Q1190554),P710,Q1715)
action filter_type
action find_reverse
entity Q1715
relation P710
type Q1190554
[{'concept': 'Q1190554'}, 'P710', 'Q1715']
SELECT DISTINCT ?l WHERE { ?l property:P710 resource:Q1715 . ?l rdf:type ontology:Q1190554 }
Hanover
action filter_type
action find_reverse
entity Hanover
relation participant
type event
[{'concept': 'event'}, 'participant', 'Hanover']
SELECT DISTINCT ?l WHERE { ?l property:participant resource:Hanover . ?l rdf:type ontology:event }
[]
event
Q48314
SYSTEM
Battle of Waterloo
Q48314
(c(Q1190554),P710,Q1715)
action filter_type
action find_reverse
entity Q1715
relation P710
type Q1190554
[ANSWER] has Hanover as its participant
[{'concept': 'Q1190554'}, 'P710', 'Q1715']
SELECT DISTINCT ?l WHERE { ?l property:P710 resource:Q1715 . ?l rdf:type ontology:Q1190554 }
Battle of Waterloo
Battle of Waterloo has Hanover as its participant
Battle of Waterloo
action filter_type
action find_reverse
entity Hanover
relation participant
type event
[{'concept': 'event'}, 'participant', 'Hanover']
SELECT DISTINCT ?l WHERE { ?l property:participant resource:Hanover . ?l rdf:type ontology:event }
[]
Simple Question (Coreferenced)
Simple Question|Single Entity|Indirect
Q48314
P17
Q15617994
USER
Which administrative territory is that event situated in ?
(Q48314,P17,c(Q15617994))
action filter_type
action find
entity Q48314
relation P17
type Q15617994
['Q48314', 'P17', {'concept': 'Q15617994'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?m WHERE { resource:Q48314 property:P17 ?m . ?m rdf:type ontology:Q15617994 }
Battle of Waterloo
action filter_type
action find
entity Battle of Waterloo
relation country
type designation for an administrative territorial entity
['Battle of Waterloo', 'country', {'concept': 'designation for an administrative territorial entity'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?m WHERE { resource:Battle_of_Waterloo property:country ?m . ?m rdf:type ontology:designation_for_an_administrative_territorial_entity }
[]
designation for an administrative territorial entity
Q31
SYSTEM
Belgium
Q31
(Q48314,P17,c(Q15617994))
action filter_type
action find
entity Q48314
relation P17
type Q15617994
That event is situated in [ANSWER]
['Q48314', 'P17', {'concept': 'Q15617994'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?m WHERE { resource:Q48314 property:P17 ?m . ?m rdf:type ontology:Q15617994 }
Belgium
That event is situated in Belgium
Belgium
action filter_type
action find
entity Battle of Waterloo
relation country
type designation for an administrative territorial entity
['Battle of Waterloo', 'country', {'concept': 'designation for an administrative territorial entity'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?m WHERE { resource:Battle_of_Waterloo property:country ?m . ?m rdf:type ontology:designation_for_an_administrative_territorial_entity }
[]
Simple Question (Coreferenced)
Simple Question|Single Entity|Indirect
Q48314
P138
Q55488
USER
Which railway station is named after that event ?
(c(Q55488),P138,Q31)
action filter_type
action find_reverse
entity Q48314
relation P138
type Q55488
[{'concept': 'Q55488'}, 'P138', 'Q31']
SELECT DISTINCT ?l WHERE { ?l property:P138 resource:Q48314 . ?l rdf:type ontology:Q55488 }
Battle of Waterloo
action filter_type
action find_reverse
entity Battle of Waterloo
relation named after
type railway station
[{'concept': 'railway station'}, 'named after', 'Belgium']
SELECT DISTINCT ?l WHERE { ?l property:named_after resource:Battle_of_Waterloo . ?l rdf:type ontology:railway_station }
[]
railway station
Q15081775
SYSTEM
Waterloo
Q15081775
(c(Q55488),P138,Q31)
action filter_type
action find_reverse
entity Q48314
relation P138
type Q55488
[ANSWER] is named after that event
[{'concept': 'Q55488'}, 'P138', 'Q31']
SELECT DISTINCT ?l WHERE { ?l property:P138 resource:Q48314 . ?l rdf:type ontology:Q55488 }
Waterloo
Waterloo is named after that event
Waterloo
action filter_type
action find_reverse
entity Battle of Waterloo
relation named after
type railway station
[{'concept': 'railway station'}, 'named after', 'Belgium']
SELECT DISTINCT ?l WHERE { ?l property:named_after resource:Battle_of_Waterloo . ?l rdf:type ontology:railway_station }
[]
Quantitative Reasoning (All)
Quantitative|Min/Max|Single entity type
P559
Q55488 Q44377
USER
Which tunnels have min number of railway stations as the terminus ?
(c(Q44377),P559,c(Q55488))
action argmin
action find_tuple_counts
relation P559
type Q44377
type Q55488
[{'concept': 'Q44377'}, 'P559', {'concept': 'Q55488'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?w WHERE { { SELECT DISTINCT ( MIN ( ?z ) AS ?e ) { SELECT DISTINCT ?h ( COUNT ( ?a ) AS ?z ) WHERE { ?h property:P559 ?a . ?a rdf:type ontology:Q55488 . ?h rdf:type ontology:Q44377 } GROUP BY ?h } } . FILTER ( ?l = ?e ) . { SELECT DISTINCT ?w ( COUNT ( ?c ) AS ?l ) WHERE { ?w property:P559 ?c . ?w rdf:type ontology:Q44377 . ?c rdf:type ontology:Q55488 } GROUP BY ?w } }
action argmin
action find_tuple_counts
relation terminus
type tunnel
type railway station
[{'concept': 'tunnel'}, 'terminus', {'concept': 'railway station'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?w WHERE { { SELECT DISTINCT ( MIN ( ?z ) AS ?e ) { SELECT DISTINCT ?h ( COUNT ( ?a ) AS ?z ) WHERE { ?h property:terminus ?a . ?a rdf:type ontology:railway_station . ?h rdf:type ontology:tunnel } GROUP BY ?h } } . FILTER ( ?l = ?e ) . { SELECT DISTINCT ?w ( COUNT ( ?c ) AS ?l ) WHERE { ?w property:terminus ?c . ?w rdf:type ontology:tunnel . ?c rdf:type ontology:railway_station } GROUP BY ?w } }
[]
railway station tunnel
Q10257 Q193002 Q688618
SYSTEM
Channel Tunnel, Gotthard Base Tunnel, Gotthard Tunnel
Q697347 Q1650340 Q4578996 Q688618 Q1020216 Q7860496 Q7056533 Q4892034 Q1031867 Q5471849 Q17019810 Q194707 Q4584098 Q3437045 Q10546062 Q932910 Q203244 Q7197614 Q2442343 Q323310 Q917795 Q10853585 Q6785609 Q4875966 Q724687 Q697537 Q10257 Q599515 Q5963646 Q599128 Q99250 Q11982721 Q2460046 Q11969159 Q6930295 Q6449750 Q5377451 Q1437400 Q1968580 Q5193893 Q4666996 Q11974916 Q16191832 Q1769246 Q1458330 Q1266265 Q738764 Q6512572 Q2037030 Q1769930 Q12053114 Q12008888 Q12777838 Q4588488 Q2559131 Q5004962 Q4919653 Q20642461 Q2610244 Q6820371 Q665158 Q1032676 Q5311955 Q493063 Q7858257 Q7582330 Q1688982 Q15179675 Q444771 Q6408194 Q10658448 Q17198531 Q4590657 Q11979234 Q1077968 Q6154732 Q1285749 Q660310 Q296472 Q644421 Q12005216 Q1807481 Q11969217 Q193002 Q672167 Q4869874 Q879888 Q1018499 Q7604004 Q4582658 Q1653953 Q4027028 Q266243 Q837519 Q7894808 Q2312502 Q7915578 Q684927 Q1243375
(c(Q44377),P559,c(Q55488))
action argmin
action find_tuple_counts
relation P559
type Q44377
type Q55488
[ANSWERS] have min number of railway stations as the terminus
[{'concept': 'Q44377'}, 'P559', {'concept': 'Q55488'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?w WHERE { { SELECT DISTINCT ( MIN ( ?z ) AS ?e ) { SELECT DISTINCT ?h ( COUNT ( ?a ) AS ?z ) WHERE { ?h property:P559 ?a . ?a rdf:type ontology:Q55488 . ?h rdf:type ontology:Q44377 } GROUP BY ?h } } . FILTER ( ?l = ?e ) . { SELECT DISTINCT ?w ( COUNT ( ?c ) AS ?l ) WHERE { ?w property:P559 ?c . ?w rdf:type ontology:Q44377 . ?c rdf:type ontology:Q55488 } GROUP BY ?w } }
Brenner Base Tunnel Katzenberg Tunnel Atlantic Ocean Tunnel Gotthard Tunnel Bømlafjord Tunnel Tyne Tunnel North River Tunnels Berkeley Hills Tunnel City Tunnel Fort Pitt Tunnel Victoria Tunnel Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay tunnel Freifjord Tunnel Gevingåsen Tunnel Klaratunneln Roki Tunnel Traforo del Gran Sasso Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel Fort McHenry Tunnel Mont Blanc Tunnel Perthus Tunnel Bund Tunnel Mastrafjord Tunnel Beacon Hill Tunnel Kvalsund Tunnel Tauern Railway Tunnel Channel Tunnel Simplon Tunnel Hægebostad Tunnel Savio Rail Tunnel Seikan Tunnel Kviven Tunnel Rastatt Tunnel Fjærland Tunnel Mt. Lebanon Tunnel Kvineshei Tunnel Engaña Tunnel Saverne Tunnel Fréjus Road Tunnel Cumberland Gap Tunnel Aberdeen Tunnel Hell Tunnel Mount Washington Transit Tunnel Romerike Tunnel Michigan Central Railway Tunnel Dunsmuir Tunnel Lieråsen Tunnel Ledbury Tunnel Otira Tunnel Ulriken Tunnel Beacon Hill Tunnel (Seattle, Washington) Vallavik Tunnel Lučivná Tunnel Innfjord Tunnel San Bernardino Tunnel Bærum Tunnel Bjorøy Tunnel Phoenix Park Tunnel Folgefonna Tunnel Merritton Tunnel Furka Base Tunnel Rove Tunnel Dudley Railway Tunnel Hallandsås Tunnel Twin Peaks Tunnel Squirrel Hill Tunnel Transbay Tube Naustdal Tunnel Koralm Tunnel Kilsby Tunnel Rännarbanan Horda Tunnel Festning Tunnel Jondal Tunnel North Cape Tunnel Negrón Tunnel Western Scheldt Tunnel Lötschberg Base Tunnel Access to the Region's Core Great St Bernard Tunnel Tanum Tunnel Oslo Tunnel Flekkerøy Tunnel Gotthard Base Tunnel Lötschberg Tunnel Battery Park Underpass Bjørvika Tunnel Byfjord Tunnel Staten Island Tunnel Halsnøy Tunnel IJtunnel Mount Bolu Tunnel Furka Summit Tunnel Lion Rock Tunnel University Link Tunnel Korgfjell Tunnel Vardø Tunnel Gotthard Road Tunnel Tyholt Tunnel
Channel Tunnel, Gotthard Base Tunnel and Gotthard Tunnel have min number of railway stations as the terminus
Channel Tunnel Gotthard Base Tunnel Gotthard Tunnel
action argmin
action find_tuple_counts
relation terminus
type tunnel
type railway station
[{'concept': 'tunnel'}, 'terminus', {'concept': 'railway station'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ?w WHERE { { SELECT DISTINCT ( MIN ( ?z ) AS ?e ) { SELECT DISTINCT ?h ( COUNT ( ?a ) AS ?z ) WHERE { ?h property:terminus ?a . ?a rdf:type ontology:railway_station . ?h rdf:type ontology:tunnel } GROUP BY ?h } } . FILTER ( ?l = ?e ) . { SELECT DISTINCT ?w ( COUNT ( ?c ) AS ?l ) WHERE { ?w property:terminus ?c . ?w rdf:type ontology:tunnel . ?c rdf:type ontology:railway_station } GROUP BY ?w } }
[]
Quantitative Reasoning (Count) (All)
Quantitative|Count over Atleast/ Atmost/ Approx. the same/Equal|Mult. entity type
P559
Q55488 Q83620 Q44377
USER
How many railway stations serve as the endpoint for atleast 1 thoroughfares or tunnels ?
(c(Q83620)|c(Q44377),P559,c(Q55488))
action count
action atleast
action union
action find_reverse_tuple_counts
relation P559
type Q55488
type Q83620
action find_reverse_tuple_counts
relation P559
type Q55488
type Q44377
value 1
[[{'concept': 'Q83620'}, {'concept': 'Q44377'}], 'P559', {'concept': 'Q55488'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ( COUNT ( ?c ) AS ?d ) WHERE { { SELECT DISTINCT ?c ( COUNT ( ?q ) AS ?n ) WHERE { { ?q property:P559 ?c . ?q rdf:type ontology:Q83620 . ?c rdf:type ontology:Q55488 } UNION { ?c rdf:type ontology:Q55488 . ?q rdf:type ontology:Q44377 . ?q property:P559 ?c } } GROUP BY ?c } . FILTER ( ?n >= 1 ) }
action count
action atleast
action union
action find_reverse_tuple_counts
relation terminus
type railway station
type thoroughfare
action find_reverse_tuple_counts
relation terminus
type railway station
type tunnel
value 1
[[{'concept': 'thoroughfare'}, {'concept': 'tunnel'}], 'terminus', {'concept': 'railway station'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ( COUNT ( ?c ) AS ?d ) WHERE { { SELECT DISTINCT ?c ( COUNT ( ?q ) AS ?n ) WHERE { { ?q property:terminus ?c . ?q rdf:type ontology:thoroughfare . ?c rdf:type ontology:railway_station } UNION { ?c rdf:type ontology:railway_station . ?q rdf:type ontology:tunnel . ?q property:terminus ?c } } GROUP BY ?c } . FILTER ( ?n >= 1 ) }
[]
railway station thoroughfare tunnel
SYSTEM
31
Q682583 Q801447 Q15169 Q17469 Q2828748 Q838850 Q20416 Q129342 Q996591 Q800405 Q736018 Q2001751 Q800909 Q1208360 Q15170 Q135207 Q2106644 Q523887 Q839586 Q180463 Q173919 Q497898 Q949884 Q800600 Q2106205 Q564926 Q1863087 Q55423 Q15244 Q1267664 Q126023
(c(Q83620)|c(Q44377),P559,c(Q55488))
action count
action atleast
action union
action find_reverse_tuple_counts
relation P559
type Q55488
type Q83620
action find_reverse_tuple_counts
relation P559
type Q55488
type Q44377
value 1
[ANSWER]
[[{'concept': 'Q83620'}, {'concept': 'Q44377'}], 'P559', {'concept': 'Q55488'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ( COUNT ( ?c ) AS ?d ) WHERE { { SELECT DISTINCT ?c ( COUNT ( ?q ) AS ?n ) WHERE { { ?q property:P559 ?c . ?q rdf:type ontology:Q83620 . ?c rdf:type ontology:Q55488 } UNION { ?c rdf:type ontology:Q55488 . ?q rdf:type ontology:Q44377 . ?q property:P559 ?c } } GROUP BY ?c } . FILTER ( ?n >= 1 ) }
Nuremberg Central Station Shinjuku Station Lo Wu Station Gangnam Station Airport Station AsiaWorld-Expo Station Yongsan Station Dresden Flughafen railway station Hung Hom Station Asakusa Station Gotanda Station World Trade Center Hennigsdorf station Slussen metro station Lok Ma Chau Station Kadoma-minami Station Tuen Mun Station Beijing West Railway Station Wu Kai Sha Station Itakano Station Ikebukuro Station Incheon Station Imazato Station Büchen station Hong Kong Station Lübeck Central Station Nakamozu Station Bonn Hauptbahnhof Tai Wai Station Villejuif - Louis Aragon Nishi-Umeda Station
31
action count
action atleast
action union
action find_reverse_tuple_counts
relation terminus
type railway station
type thoroughfare
action find_reverse_tuple_counts
relation terminus
type railway station
type tunnel
value 1
[[{'concept': 'thoroughfare'}, {'concept': 'tunnel'}], 'terminus', {'concept': 'railway station'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ( COUNT ( ?c ) AS ?d ) WHERE { { SELECT DISTINCT ?c ( COUNT ( ?q ) AS ?n ) WHERE { { ?q property:terminus ?c . ?q rdf:type ontology:thoroughfare . ?c rdf:type ontology:railway_station } UNION { ?c rdf:type ontology:railway_station . ?q rdf:type ontology:tunnel . ?q property:terminus ?c } } GROUP BY ?c } . FILTER ( ?n >= 1 ) }
[]
Quantitative Reasoning (Count) (All)
Quantitative|Count over Atleast/ Atmost/ Approx. the same/Equal|Single entity type
P559
Q55488 Q83620
USER
How many thoroughfares have atleast 3 railway stations as terminus ?
(c(Q83620),P559,c(Q55488))
action count
action atleast
action find_tuple_counts
relation P559
type Q83620
type Q55488
value 3
[{'concept': 'Q83620'}, 'P559', {'concept': 'Q55488'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ( COUNT ( ?z ) AS ?w ) WHERE { FILTER ( ?p >= 3 ) . { SELECT DISTINCT ?z ( COUNT ( ?u ) AS ?p ) WHERE { ?z property:P559 ?u . ?z rdf:type ontology:Q83620 . ?u rdf:type ontology:Q55488 } GROUP BY ?z } }
action count
action atleast
action find_tuple_counts
relation terminus
type thoroughfare
type railway station
value 3
[{'concept': 'thoroughfare'}, 'terminus', {'concept': 'railway station'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ( COUNT ( ?z ) AS ?w ) WHERE { FILTER ( ?p >= 3 ) . { SELECT DISTINCT ?z ( COUNT ( ?u ) AS ?p ) WHERE { ?z property:terminus ?u . ?z rdf:type ontology:thoroughfare . ?u rdf:type ontology:railway_station } GROUP BY ?z } }
[]
railway station thoroughfare
SYSTEM
2
Q409036 Q989339
(c(Q83620),P559,c(Q55488))
action count
action atleast
action find_tuple_counts
relation P559
type Q83620
type Q55488
value 3
[ANSWER]
[{'concept': 'Q83620'}, 'P559', {'concept': 'Q55488'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ( COUNT ( ?z ) AS ?w ) WHERE { FILTER ( ?p >= 3 ) . { SELECT DISTINCT ?z ( COUNT ( ?u ) AS ?p ) WHERE { ?z property:P559 ?u . ?z rdf:type ontology:Q83620 . ?u rdf:type ontology:Q55488 } GROUP BY ?z } }
Airport Express East Rail Line
2
action count
action atleast
action find_tuple_counts
relation terminus
type thoroughfare
type railway station
value 3
[{'concept': 'thoroughfare'}, 'terminus', {'concept': 'railway station'}]
SELECT DISTINCT ( COUNT ( ?z ) AS ?w ) WHERE { FILTER ( ?p >= 3 ) . { SELECT DISTINCT ?z ( COUNT ( ?u ) AS ?p ) WHERE { ?z property:terminus ?u . ?z rdf:type ontology:thoroughfare . ?u rdf:type ontology:railway_station } GROUP BY ?z } }
[]