title: Endotelina 2
text: # Endotelina 2
  
  Endotelina 2, anche nota come EDN2, è sia il nome di un gene umano sia il corrispondente peptide, e costituisce una delle tre isoforme delle endoteline umane.
  
  ## Funzione
  
  L'endotelina 2 appartiene alla famiglia delle endoteline, dei peptidi ad azione vasocostrittrice. La preproteina è processata ad una forma matura corta che funziona come ligando per i recettori delle endoteline che trasducono il segnale all'interno delle cellule bersaglio. Questo gene è coinvolto in diversi processi biologici, come l'ipertensione e l'ovulazione.
  
  ## Letture ulteriori
  
  * F. Arjomand-Nahad, O. Landt; K. Stangl; K. Diefenbach; I. Roots, Fifteen polymorphisms in endothelin-1, endothelin-2 and endothelin-receptor-A genotyped by four duplex assays and seven simple assays on a LightCycler using hybridization probes., in Clin Chem Lab Med, vol. 44, n. 8, 2006, pp. 929-32, DOI:10.1515/CCLM.2006.180, PMID 16879056.
  * KK. Ryckman, NH. Morken; MJ. White; DR. Velez; R. Menon; SJ. Fortunato; P. Magnus; SM. Williams; B. Jacobsson, Maternal and fetal genetic associations of PTGER3 and PON1 with preterm birth., in PLoS One, vol. 5, n. 2, 2010, pp. e9040, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0009040, PMID 20140262.
  * P. Dimoulios, G. Kolios; G. Notas; E. Matrella; C. Xidakis; M. Koulentaki; N. Tsagarakis; A. Kouroumalis; E. Kouroumalis, Ursodeoxycholic acid reduces increased circulating endothelin 2 in primary biliary cirrhosis., in Aliment Pharmacol Ther, vol. 21, n. 3, Feb 2005, pp. 227-34, DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02307.x, PMID 15691296.
  * R. Menon, B. Pearce; DR. Velez; M. Merialdi; SM. Williams; SJ. Fortunato; P. Thorsen, Racial disparity in pathophysiologic pathways of preterm birth based on genetic variants., in Reprod Biol Endocrinol, vol. 7, 2009, p. 62, DOI:10.1186/1477-7827-7-62, PMID 19527514.
  * E. Kotake-Nara, K. Saida, Endothelin-2/vasoactive intestinal contractor: regulation of expression via reactive oxygen species induced by CoCl2, and Biological activities including neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells., in ScientificWorldJournal, vol. 6, 2006, pp. 176-86, DOI:10.1100/tsw.2006.37, PMID 16493522.
  * EC. Paulino, AA. Steil; S. Jancar, Effect of endothelins on human neutrophil activation by immune complexes., in Int Immunopharmacol, vol. 6, n. 7, Jul 2006, pp. 1119-25, DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2006.01.022, PMID 16714215.
  * F. Arjomand-Nahad, O. Landt; K. Stangl; K. Diefenbach; I. Roots, Fifteen polymorphisms in endothelin-1, endothelin-2 and endothelin-receptor-A genotyped by four duplex assays and seven simple assays on a LightCycler using hybridization probes., in Clin Chem Lab Med, vol. 44, n. 8, 2006, pp. 929-32, DOI:10.1515/CCLM.2006.180, PMID 16879056.
  * KK. Ryckman, NH. Morken; MJ. White; DR. Velez; R. Menon; SJ. Fortunato; P. Magnus; SM. Williams; B. Jacobsson, Maternal and fetal genetic associations of PTGER3 and PON1 with preterm birth., in PLoS One, vol. 5, n. 2, 2010, pp. e9040, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0009040, PMID 20140262.
  * P. Dimoulios, G. Kolios; G. Notas; E. Matrella; C. Xidakis; M. Koulentaki; N. Tsagarakis; A. Kouroumalis; E. Kouroumalis, Ursodeoxycholic acid reduces increased circulating endothelin 2 in primary biliary cirrhosis., in Aliment Pharmacol Ther, vol. 21, n. 3, Feb 2005, pp. 227-34, DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02307.x, PMID 15691296.
  * R. Menon, B. Pearce; DR. Velez; M. Merialdi; SM. Williams; SJ. Fortunato; P. Thorsen, Racial disparity in pathophysiologic pathways of preterm birth based on genetic variants., in Reprod Biol Endocrinol, vol. 7, 2009, p. 62, DOI:10.1186/1477-7827-7-62, PMID 19527514.
  * E. Kotake-Nara, K. Saida, Endothelin-2/vasoactive intestinal contractor: regulation of expression via reactive oxygen species induced by CoCl2, and Biological activities including neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells., in ScientificWorldJournal, vol. 6, 2006, pp. 176-86, DOI:10.1100/tsw.2006.37, PMID 16493522.
  * EC. Paulino, AA. Steil; S. Jancar, Effect of endothelins on human neutrophil activation by immune complexes., in Int Immunopharmacol, vol. 6, n. 7, Jul 2006, pp. 1119-25, DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2006.01.022, PMID 16714215.
  * F. Arjomand-Nahad, O. Landt; K. Stangl; K. Diefenbach; I. Roots, Fifteen polymorphisms in endothelin-1, endothelin-2 and endothelin-receptor-A genotyped by four duplex assays and seven simple assays on a LightCycler using hybridization probes., in Clin Chem Lab Med, vol. 44, n. 8, 2006, pp. 929-32, DOI:10.1515/CCLM.2006.180, PMID 16879056.
  * KK. Ryckman, NH. Morken; MJ. White; DR. Velez; R. Menon; SJ. Fortunato; P. Magnus; SM. Williams; B. Jacobsson, Maternal and fetal genetic associations of PTGER3 and PON1 with preterm birth., in PLoS One, vol. 5, n. 2, 2010, pp. e9040, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0009040, PMID 20140262.
  * P. Dimoulios, G. Kolios; G. Notas; E. Matrella; C. Xidakis; M. Koulentaki; N. Tsagarakis; A. Kouroumalis; E. Kouroumalis, Ursodeoxycholic acid reduces increased circulating endothelin 2 in primary biliary cirrhosis., in Aliment Pharmacol Ther, vol. 21, n. 3, Feb 2005, pp. 227-34, DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02307.x, PMID 15691296.
  * R. Menon, B. Pearce; DR. Velez; M. Merialdi; SM. Williams; SJ. Fortunato; P. Thorsen, Racial disparity in pathophysiologic pathways of preterm birth based on genetic variants., in Reprod Biol Endocrinol, vol. 7, 2009, p. 62, DOI:10.1186/1477-7827-7-62, PMID 19527514.
  * E. Kotake-Nara, K. Saida, Endothelin-2/vasoactive intestinal contractor: regulation of expression via reactive oxygen species induced by CoCl2, and Biological activities including neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells., in ScientificWorldJournal, vol. 6, 2006, pp. 176-86, DOI:10.1100/tsw.2006.37, PMID 16493522.
  * EC. Paulino, AA. Steil; S. Jancar, Effect of endothelins on human neutrophil activation by immune complexes., in Int Immunopharmacol, vol. 6, n. 7, Jul 2006, pp. 1119-25, DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2006.01.022, PMID 16714215.
  * R. Darrah, E. McKone; C. O'Connor; C. Rodgers; A. Genatossio; S. McNamara; R. Gibson; J. Stuart Elborn; M. Ennis; CG. Gallagher; N. Kalsheker, EDNRA variants associate with smooth muscle mRNA levels, cell proliferation rates, and cystic fibrosis pulmonary disease severity., in Physiol Genomics, vol. 41, n. 1, Mar 2010, pp. 71-7, DOI:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00185.2009, PMID 20028935.
  * SD. Bailey, C. Xie; R. Do; A. Montpetit; R. Diaz; V. Mohan; B. Keavney; S. Yusuf; HC. Gerstein; JC. Engert; S. Anand, Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study., in Diabetes Care, vol. 33, n. 10, Oct 2010, pp. 2250-3, DOI:10.2337/dc10-0452, PMID 20628086.
  