title: Comp.* hierarchy
text: # Comp.* hierarchy
  
  The comp.* hierarchy is a major class of newsgroups in Usenet, containing all newsgroups whose name begins with "comp.", organized hierarchically.
  
  comp.* groups discuss various computer, technology, and programming issues. Some groups can even offer peer-to-peer technical support.
  
  ## Partial list of comp.* groups
  
  | Newsgroup | Topic |
  | - | - |
  | comp.ai | artificial intelligence |
  | comp.arch | computer architecture |
  | comp.bbs | Bulletin board system system discussion and advertisement |
  | comp.dcom.telecom | telecommunications systems |
  | comp.dsp | Digital signal processing |
  | comp.graphics.apps.photoshop | Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, and InDesign. |
  | comp.graphics.api.opengl | OpenGL |
  | comp.infosystems.gemini | Gemini space |
  | comp.internet.services.wiki | Wikis |
  | comp.lang.asm.x86 | assembly language for x86-based computer systems. |
  | comp.lang.c | C programming language |
  | comp.lang.c++ | C++ programming language |
  | comp.lang.java.help | Java programming language help |
  | comp.lang.javascript | JavaScript programming language |
  | comp.lang.perl.misc | Perl programming language |
  | comp.lang.python | Python programming language |
  | comp.os.linux.misc | Linux operating system |
  | comp.os.minix | Minix operating system |
  | comp.programming | Miscellaneous discussion of programming |
  | comp.robotics.misc | All aspects of robots and their applications |
  | comp.robotics.research | Academic, government and industry research in robotics |
  | comp.software-eng | software engineering |
  | comp.soft-sys.matlab | MathWorks calculation and visualization package |
  | comp.sources.d | any computer sources |
  | comp.sources.wanted | Requests for software and bug fixes |
  | comp.theory | Theoretical computer science |
  | comp.theory.cell-automata | cellular automata |
  | comp.theory.self-org-sys | Self-organizing systems |
  | comp.theory.dynamic-sys | Ergodic theory and dynamical systems |
  | comp.theory.info-retrieval | Information retrieval |
  | comp.windows.x | X window system |
  | comp.windows.x.kde | KDE desktop environment |
  
  ## Historical groups
  
  | Newsgroup | Topic |
  | - | - |
  | comp.sources.unix | Postings of public-domain sources for Unix. (Moderated) |
  | comp.windows.news | Discussion about Sun Microsystems NeWS and PostScript related technologies. It often got hijacked by users that weren't aware of the original purpose of the group, believing it was a newsgroup about Windows and Microsoft. This often led to flame wars between the long time users, who were upset from this situation, and the unaware users. |
  