title: 1813 in Germany
text: # 1813 in Germany
  
  Events from the year 1813 in Germany.
  
  ## Incumbents
  
  ### Kingdoms
  
  * Kingdom of Prussia
     * Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 1797 – 7 June 1840)
  * Kingdom of Bavaria
     * Maximilian I (1 January 1806 – 13 October 1825)
  * Kingdom of Saxony
     * Frederick Augustus I (20 December 1806 – 5 May 1827)
  * Kingdom of Württemberg
     * Frederick I (22 December 1797 – 30 October 1816)
  
  ### Grand Duchies
  
  * Grand Duke of Baden
     * Charles 10 June 1811 – 8 December 1818
  * Grand Duke of Hesse
     * Louis I (14 August 1806 – 6 April 1830)
  * Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
     * Frederick Francis I– (24 April 1785 – 1 February 1837)
  * Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
     * Charles II (2 June 1794 – 6 November 1816)
  * Grand Duke of Oldenburg
     * Wilhelm (6 July 1785 –2 July 1823 ) Due to mental illness, Wilhelm was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign.
     * Peter I (2 July 1823 - 21 May 1829)
  * Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
     * Karl August (1809–1815)
  
  ### Principalities
  
  * Schaumburg-Lippe
     * George William (13 February 1787 - 1860)
  * Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
     * Friedrich Günther (28 April 1807 - 28 June 1867)
  * Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
     * Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 1794 - 19 August 1835)
  * Principality of Lippe
     * Leopold II (5 November 1802 - 1 January 1851)
  * Principality of Reuss-Greiz
     * Heinrich XIII (28 June 1800-29 January 1817)
  * Waldeck and Pyrmont
     * George I (24 September 1812 – 9 September 1813)
     * George II (9 September 1813 - 15 May 1845)
  
  ### Duchies
  
  * Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
     * Leopold III (16 December 1751 – 9 August 1817)
  * Duke of Brunswick
     * Frederick William (16 October 1806 – 16 June 1815)
  * Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
     * Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) - Frederick
  * Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
     * Ernest I (9 December 1806 – 12 November 1826)
  * Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
     * Bernhard II (24 December 1803–20 September 1866)
  * Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
     * Frederick Charles Louis (24 February 1775 – 25 March 1816)
  
  ## Events
  
  * 9 February – Prussia abolishes the canton system and establishes universal conscription.
  * 28 February – Napoleonic Wars: Treaty of Kalisch – Prussia and Russia sign alliance against France
  * 4 March – The French garrison evacuates Berlin, leaving Russian troops able to reach and take the city without a fight.
  * 14 March – Mecklenburg-Schwerin joins the coalition
  * 17 March – Prussia declares war on France, establishes Landwehr and introduces the Iron Cross military award (backdated to 10 March) and issues An Mein Volk proclamation
  * 18 March – Russian Cossacks capture Hamburg
  * 5 April – Battle of Möckern: Prusso-Russian victory over France
  * 20 April – Saxony signs treaty of armed neutrality with Austria
  * 21 April – Frederick William III of Prussia establishes the Landsturm
  * 25 April – Bavaria announces its neutrality
  * 27 April – French garrison of Spandau capitulates
  * 2 May – Battle of Lützen – Napoleon wins against the German alliance.
  * 20/21 May – Battle of Bautzen – French victory over the coalition
  * 26 May – Battle of Haynau – Prussian victory against France
  * 31 May – French troops retake Hamburg
  * 4 June – Battle of Luckau – Coalition victory
  * 4 June – Truce of Pläswitz begins between France, Prussia and Russia
  * 14/15/27 June – Treaties of Reichenbach – between Great Britain, Prussia, Russia and Austria
  * 12 July – Trachenberg Plan adopted by the Allies
  * 11 August – Austria declares war on France
  * 16 August – The truce ends
  * 23 August – Battle of Großbeeren: Napoleon is defeated by Prussia and Sweden.
  * 26 August – Battle of the Katzbach: Napoleon's troops are defeated by Prussia and Russia.
  * 26–27 August – Battle of Dresden: Napoleon's troops are victorious.
  * 27 August – Battle of Hagelberg: Prusso-Russian victory
  * 29–30 August – First Battle of Kulm: French Marshal Vandamme is defeated and captured, by allied Coalition forces from Russia, Prussia and Austria.
  * 4 September: In the gaming records of Hans Carl Leopold von der Gabelentz the name of Germany's national card game, "Scat" (now Skat, appears for the time.
  * 6 September – Battle of Dennewitz: The armies of Napoleon are defeated by Prussia and Russia.
  * 9 September – Treaty of Töplitz – between Prussia, Austria and Russia
  * 17 September – Second Battle of Kulm: The Allied Coalition is victorious; Napoleon is forced to halt his advance on Teplitz.
  * 18 September – Battle of the Göhrde – Coalition victory
  * 28 September – Battle of Altenburg – Coalition victory
  * 29 September – Combat of Roßlau – Coalition victory
  * 3 October – Battle of Wartenburg – Prussian victory
  * 8 October – Treaty of Ried – Bavaria allies with the Coalition against France
  * 14 October – Bavaria declares war on France
  * 16–19 October – Battle of Leipzig: Napoleon is defeated by the forces of the Sixth Coalition. More than 600,000 troops are in the field, with well over 20% killed, wounded or missing. Many of the German states forming the Confederation of the Rhine defect from Napoleon to the Coalition, as a result of the battle.
  * 26 October – King Jérôme leaves Kassel, effectively dissolving the Kingdom of Westphalia
  * 30–31 October – Battle of Hanau: Napoleon defeats Bavarian-Austrian force.
  * 2 November – Treaty of Fulda – Württemberg joins the Coalition
  * 11 November – French garrison of Dresden capitulates
  * 20 November – Baden joins the coalition
  * 21 November – William I enters Kassel and is restored as Elector of Hesse
  * 23 November – Hesse-Darmstadt and Nassau join the coalition
  * 7 December – Battle of Bornhöved
  * 8 December – Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 7, together with his Wellington's Victory, are premiered in Vienna under the composer's baton, in a benefit concert for Austrian and Bavarian soldiers wounded at the Battle of Hanau.
  * 10 December – Battle of Sehested
  * 31 December – Blücher's Army of Silesia crosses the Rhine
  
  ## Births
  
  * 11 February – Otto Ludwig, German writer (d. 1865)
  * 18 March – Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German poet, playwright (d. 1863)
  * 1 April – Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg, German mineralogist (d. 1899)
  * 22 May – Richard Wagner, German composer (d. 1883)
  * 17 October – Georg Büchner, German playwright (d. 1837)
  
  ## Deaths
  
  * 20 January –Christoph Martin Wieland, German writer (b. 1733)
  * 3 April – Friederike Brion, first great love of Johann Wolfgang Goethe (b. 1752)
  * 28 June –Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Prussian general (b. 1755)
  * 26 August – Theodor Körner, German author, soldier (b. 1791)
  