title: Attack on Orleans
text: # Attack on Orleans
  
  vteAtlantic naval operations of World War I :
  
  Blockade
  
  U-boat operations
  
  Convoys
  
  Northern Patrol
  
  Attacks
  
  Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse
  
  Cap Trafalgar
  
  Gulflight
  
  Lusitania
  
  Baralong
  
  Carolina
  
  Actions
  
  Falkland Islands
  
  16 January 1916
  
  10 March 1917
  
  15 October 1917
  
  17 November 1917
  
  4 April 1918
  
  21 May 1918
  
  18 June 1918
  
  21 July 1918
  
  5 September 1918
  
  14 October 1918 :
  
  The attack on Orleans was a naval and air action during World War I on 21 July 1918 when a German submarine fired on a small convoy of barges led by a tugboat off Orleans, Massachusetts, on the eastern coast of the Cape Cod peninsula. Several shells fired during the engagement likely missed their intended maritime or aircraft targets and fell to earth in the area around Orleans, giving the impression of a deliberate attack on the town.
  
  ## Action
  
  On the morning of 21 July 1918, German submarine U-156, commanded by Kapitänleutnant Richard Feldt, was possibly attempting to cut the trans-Atlantic submarine communications cable from Orleans to Brest, France. While in the area for the buried cable, Feldt became aware of the passing tugboat Perth Amboy towing three barges and the three-masted schooner Lansford. It was claimed that U-156 fired two torpedoes; however, these were likely shells that missed their target or were warning shots across the Perth Amboy's bow. It is unlikely the U-156 would have wasted valuable torpedoes on a group of small unarmed ships. U-156 then appeared 3 miles (5 km) off Orleans and fired her two deck guns at the tug and her tow. Perth Amboy was heavily damaged, and the schooner and three barges were sunk.
  
  Two Curtiss HS-2L flying boats from the recently completed Naval Air Station Chatham dropped bombs near U-156; but the bombs failed to explode due to technical problems or because the airmen on watch that Sunday were inexperienced at arming the bombs. U-156 elevated her guns to fire at the aircraft, but missed. Some shells landed harmlessly in a deserted marsh and on Nauset Beach, giving the town of Orleans the distinction of being the only spot in the United States that received enemy fire during World War I, but there is no evidence that these were deliberately aimed at the shore. There were no targets of value in the area other than the vessels. There were no fatalities.
  
  Nearby Station No. 40 of the United States Coast Guard launched a surfboat under heavy enemy shellfire and rowed out to rescue the 32 sailors trapped aboard the tug and barges. After firing 147 shells in the hour-long engagement, U-156 submerged about 11:30 a.m.
  
  A sign above the beach commemorates the engagement:
  
  "Three miles offshore, in the direction of the arrow, was the scene of attack of a German submarine on a tug and barges July 21, 1918. Several shells struck the beach. This is the only section of the United States' coast shelled by the enemy during World War I."
  
  ## Aftermath
  
  U-156 escaped and headed north, where she attacked other Allied ships. A few shells and craters were found on shore in Orleans and in the nearby marsh. Newspapers dubbed the engagement the "Battle of Orleans" and offered a reward for the discovery of submarine supply bases in the Bay of Fundy. The attack on Orleans was the only Central Powers attack on the contiguous United States during World War I. It was also the first time that the United States was shelled by artillery of an external power since the Siege of Fort Texas in 1846.
  
  