title: Saimei period
text: # Saimei period
  
  Part of a series on the :
  
  History of Japan :
  
  ListPaleolithicbefore 14,000 BCJōmon14,000 – 1000 BCYayoi
  
  1000 BC – 300 ADKofun
  
  300 AD – 538 ADAsuka
  
  538 – 710Nara
  
  710 – 794HeianFormer Nine Years' WarLater Three-Year WarGenpei War 794–1185KamakuraJōkyū WarMongol invasionsGenkō WarKenmu Restoration 1185–1333MuromachiNanboku-chō periodSengoku period 1336–1573Azuchi–Momoyama
  
  Nanban tradeImjin War 1573–1603Edo (Tokugawa)
  
  Invasion of RyukyuSiege of OsakaSakokuPerry ExpeditionConvention of KanagawaBakumatsuMeiji RestorationBoshin War 1603–1868Meiji
  
  Invasion of Taiwan (1874)Satsuma RebellionFirst Sino-Japanese WarTreaty of ShimonosekiTriple InterventionInvasion of Taiwan (1895)Boxer RebellionTreaty of PortsmouthJapan–Korea Treaty 1868–1912Taishō
  
  World War IIntervention in SiberiaGreat Kantō earthquake 1912–1926Shōwa
  
  MilitarismFinancial crisisNanking incidentMukden IncidentInvasion of ManchuriaMay 15 IncidentAnti-Comintern PactSecond Sino-Japanese WarAttack on Pearl HarborAtomic bombingsSoviet–Japanese WarSurrender of JapanPostwar JapanOccupation of JapanAnpo protestsEconomic miracleAsset price bubble1926–1989Heisei
  
  Lost DecadesGreat Hanshin earthquakeCool JapanTōhoku earthquake 1989–2019ReiwaCoronavirus pandemic 2019–present :
  
  Topics
  
  Currency
  
  Earthquakes
  
  Economy
  
  Era names
  
  Education
  
  Empire
  
  Foreign relations
  
  Geography
  
  Historiography
  
  Jewish history
  
  Military
  
  Naval
  
  Politics
  
  Post-war
  
  Science and technology
  
  Sports
  
  World Heritage Sites :
  
  Glossary
  
  History
  
  Timeline :
  
  vte :
  
  The Saimei period is a chronological timeframe during the Asuka period of Japanese history. The Saimei period describes a span of years which were considered to have begun in the 1315th year of the Yamato dynasty.
  
  This periodization is congruent with the reign of Empress Saimei, which is traditionally considered to have been from 655 through 662.
  
  ## Periodization
  
  The adoption of the Sexagenary cycle calendar (Jikkan Jūnishi) in Japan is attributed to Empress Suiko in 604; and this Chinese calendar continued in use throughout the Saimei period.
  
  In 645, the system of Japanese era names (年号,, nengō,, lit. "year name") was introduced. However, after the reign of Emperor Kotoku, this method of segmenting was temporarily abandoned or allowed to lapse. This interval continued during the Saimei period.
  
  Neither Empress Saimei's reign nor the Saimei periodization are included in the list of nengō for this explicit duration of time, which comes after Hakuchi and before Suchō.
  
  In the post-Taika or pre-Taihō chronology, the first year of Empress Saimei's reign (斉明天皇元年 or 斉明天皇1年) is also construed as the first year of the Saimei period (斉明1年).
  
  ## Non-nengō period
  
  Non-nengō periods in the pre-Taihō calendar were published in 1880 by William Bramsen. These were refined in 1952 by Paul Tuschihashi in Japanese Chronological Tables from 601 to 1872.
  
  The pre-Tahiō calendar included two non-nengō gaps or intervals in the chronological series:
  
     * Taika, August 645–February 650.
  
     * Hakuchi, February 650–December 654.
  
     ** Non-nengō dating systems
  
     * Shuchō, July–September 686.
  
     ** Non-nengō dating systems
  
     * Taihō, March 701–May 704.
  
  Nengō were not promulgated (or were allowed to lapse) during the gap years between Hakuchi and Shuchō, and in another gap between Shuchō and Taihō.
  
  Concurrent Chronologies :
  
  | Non-nengō periods | Nengō eras | Shinengō | Yamato dynasty duration | Western calendar dates |
  | - | - | - | - | - |
  | | Taika | | 1305 | 645 |
  | | Hakuchi | | 1310 | 650 |
  | Saimei's reign | | | 1315 | 655 |
  | Tenji's reign | | | 1322 | 662 |
  | Kōbun's reign | | Sujaku | 1332 | 672 |
  | Temmu's reign | | Hakuhō | 1333 | 673 |
  | | Suchō | | 1346 | 686 |
  | Jitō's reign | | | 1347 | 687 |
  | | | Taika | 1350 | 695 |
  | Mommu's reign | | | 1357 | 697 |
  | | Taihō | | 1361 | 701 |
  
  ## Events of the Saimei period
  
  * 654 (Hakuchi 4): Emperor Kōtoku, in the 10th year of his reign (孝徳天皇10年), dies at age 59; and his nephew and heir declines the succession (senso). Shortly thereafter, Empress Saimei formally accedes to the throne (sokui).
  * 655 (Saimei 1) or "the 1st year of Saimei's reign (斉明天皇元年: A new period is marked by the beginning of the reign of Empress Saimei, but the end of the previous nengō in Hakuchi 6 did not presage the commencement of a new nengō. This dating system was allowed to lapse during Saimei's reign.
  * 661 (Saimei 7, 7th month): Empress Saimei, in the 7th year of her reign (斉明天皇7年), designated her son as her heir; and modern scholars construe this as meaning that this son would have received the succession (senso) after her death or abdication. Shortly after she did die at age 68, Emperor Tenji could be said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).
  