title: Farman F.120
text: # Farman F.120
  
  The Farman F.120 and its derivatives were a family of multi-engine airliners and bombers of the 1920s built by the Farman Aviation Works in France.
  
  ## Design and development
  
  The Jabiru, which was named after a Latin American stork, was a fixed-undercarriage sesquiplane powered by either two, three or four engines, depending on the variant. It featured an unusually broad chord, low aspect-ratio main wing and a very deep fuselage. The tri-motor variant had the centerline engine mounted high, giving it an unusual appearance.
  
  The F.121 or F.3X was the first version to fly, with four 180 hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ac V8 engines mounted in tandem push-pull pairs mounted on stub wings, however this caused cooling problems for the rear engines and the F.120/F.4X version followed shortly afterwards, powered by three 300 hp Salmson Az.9 radial engines. Development continued and a single F.122, modified from an F.4X, was powered by two 400 hp Lorraine 12Db engines. Two military versions were also built, the F.123 with two 450 hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb V12s, or F.124 with two 420 hp Gnome et Rhône 9Ad Jupiter radial engines.
  
  ## Operational history
  
  Despite being most commonly seen in lists of ugliest aircraft, following its first flight in 1923 it won a French airliner competition, the 1923 Grand Prix des Avions de Transports and its 500,000 francs first prize, before seeing service with several European airlines. The Jabiru was capable of carrying up to 9 passengers, and served on Farman airline's route Paris-Brussels-Amsterdam, but also with Danish Air Lines between Copenhagen and Amsterdam. They served until the late 1920s.
  
  ## Variants
  
  ### F.120
  
      A single engined biplane bomber, powered by a 280 kW (370 hp) Lorraine 12Da engine. First flown in 1924, only two F.120 bombers were built.
  
  ### F.4X
  
      The original designation of the F.120 Jabiru
  
  ### F.120 Jabiru
  
      Four transport monoplanes powered by 3x 220 kW (300 hp) Salmson 9AZ water-cooled radial engines.
  
  ### F.3bis
  
      A twin engined transport aircraft powered by 2x 300 kW (400 hp) Lorraine 12Db engines, 1 built.
  
  ### F.3X
  
      The original designation of the F.121 Jabiru prototype.
  
  ### F.121 Jabiru
  
      Nine transport aircraft powered by 4x 130 kW (180 hp) Hispano-Suiza 8Ac engines, one also modified from a F.120 Jabiru.
  
  ### F.122
  
      A single transport aircraft powered by 2x 300 kW (400 hp) Lorraine 12Db engines.
  
  ### F.123
  
      A single three-seater bomber powered by 2x 300 kW (400 hp) Hispano-Suiza 12Hb engines.
  
  ### F.124
  
      A single three-seater bomber powered by 2x 310 kW (420 hp) Gnome et Rhône 9Ad Jupiter engines.
  
  ### Civil operators
  
  **Denmark**
  
  * Danish Air Lines
  
  **France**
  
  * Farman airlines
  
  ## Specifications (F.121)
  
  Data from Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1928, Aviafrance:Farman F-121
  
  General characteristics
  
  * Crew: 2
  * Capacity: 12-19 pax
  * Length: 13.92 m (45 ft 8 in)
  * Wingspan: 19 m (62 ft 4 in)
  * Height: 4.48 m (14 ft 8 in)
  * Wing area: 81 $m^2$ (870 sq ft)
  * Empty weight: 3,404 kg (7,505 lb)
  * Gross weight: 5,220 kg (11,508 lb)
  * Fuel capacity: 1,000 L (260 US gal; 220 imp gal)
  * Powerplant: 4 × Hispano-Suiza 8Ac V-8 water-cooled piston engines, 130 kW (180 hp) each
  * Propellers: 2-bladed fixed pitch propellers
  
  Performance
  
  * Maximum speed: 209 km/h (130 mph, 113 kn) at sea level
  
                     201 km/h (125 mph; 109 kn) at 2,000 m (6,600 ft)
                     192 km/h (119 mph; 104 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
  * Cruise speed: 175 km/h (109 mph, 94 kn)
  * Range: 750 km (470 mi, 400 nmi)
  * Service ceiling: 4,250 m (13,940 ft)
  * Time to altitude: 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in 6 minutes 16 seconds
  
                     2,000 m (6,600 ft) in 14 minutes 14 seconds
                     3,000 m (9,800 ft) in 26 minutes 11 seconds
                     4,000 m (13,000 ft) in 37 minutes 22 seconds
  * Wing loading: 61.8 $kg/m^2$ (12.7 lb/sq ft)
  * Power/mass: 0.1075 kW/kg (0.0654 hp/lb)
  
  ## Tom Bihn logo
  
  American baggage manufacturer Tom Bihn uses a Farman F.121 Jabiru in its logo.
  
  