title: 1813 in science
text: # 1813 in science
  
  The year 1813 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
  
  ## Biology
  
  * April – William Charles Wells reads a paper to the Royal Society of London making the first clear statement about natural selection.
  * Charles Waterton begins the process of turning his estate at Walton Hall, West Yorkshire, England, into what is, in effect, the world's first nature reserve.
  
  ## Chemistry
  
  * Mathieu Orfila publishes his groundbreaking Traité des poisons, formalizing the field of toxicology.
  * Louis Jacques Thénard commences publication of his textbook Traité de chimie élémentaire, théorique et pratique in Paris.
  * Edward Howard invents the enclosed vacuum pan for refining sugar.
  
  ## Exploration
  
  * May 11 – Gregory Blaxland, William Lawson and William Wentworth leave on an expedition to cross the Blue Mountains (New South Wales).
  
  ## Mathematics
  
  * S. D. Poisson publishes Poisson's equation, his correction of Laplace's second order partial differential equation for potential.
  
  ## Physics
  
  * British engineer Peter Ewart supports the idea of the conservation of energy in his paper "On the measure of moving force".
  
  ## Sociology
  
  * Henri de Saint-Simon publishes Physiologie sociale.
  
  ## Technology
  
  * Probable date – George E. Clymer invents the Columbian press.
  
  ## Institutions
  
  * March 1 – Sir Humphry Davy employs Michael Faraday as "chemical assistant" at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in London.
  
  ## Awards
  
  * Copley Medal: William Thomas Brande
  
  ## Births
  
  * January 19 – Henry Bessemer, English inventor (died 1898)
  * February 18 – Karl Weltzien, Russian-born German inorganic chemist, an organizer of the Karlsruhe Congress (died 1870)
  * March 19 – David Livingstone, Scottish missionary and explorer (died 1873)
  * April 16 - Justin Benoît, French surgeon and anatomist (died 1893)
  * July 12 – Claude Bernard, French physiologist (died 1878)
  * October 17 – Georg Büchner, Hessian-born writer and anatomist (died 1837)
  * December 19 – Thomas Andrews, Irish chemist (died 1885)
  * December 29 – Alexander Parkes, English chemist (died 1890)
  
  ## Deaths
  
  * April 10 – Joseph Louis Lagrange, Piedmont-born mathematician (born 1736)
  * April 19 – Benjamin Rush, Founding Father of the United States, chemist and physician (born 1746)
  * April 27 – General Zebulon Pike, American explorer (born 1779)
  * May – Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger, German zoologist (born 1775)
  * July 22 – George Shaw, English naturalist (born 1751)
  * August 23 – Alexander Wilson, Scottish American ornithologist (born 1766)
  