title: List of Betula species
text: # List of Betula species
  
  Subgenera of genus Betula (birch), are;
  
  ## Subgenus Betulenta - Wintergreen oil birches
  
  Bark on twigs rich in methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen). Female catkins erect.
  
  * Diploid (2n = 28).
     * Betula lenta - Sweet birch or cherry birch
        * Betula lenta subsp. uber - Cherry Creek birch
  * Hexaploid (6n = 84).
     * Betula allegheniensis - Yellow birch (B. lutea)
  * Decaploid (10n = 140).
     * Betula austrosinensis - South China birch
     * Betula globispica -
     * Betula insignis -
     * Betula medwediewii - Caucasian birch
  * Duodecaploid (12n = 168).
     * Betula megrelica -
  * chromosome number not reported
     * Betula corylifolia - Hazel-leaf birch
     * Betula grossa - Japanese cherry birch
     * Betula insignis -
  
  ## Subgenus Betulaster - Large-leaf birches
  
  Bark on twigs contains some methyl salicylate. Female catkins pendulous.
  
  * Betula alnoides - Alder-leaf birch
     * Betula alnoides subsp. luminifera -
  * Betula maximowicziana - Monarch birch
  
  ## Subgenus Neurobetula - Costate birches
  
  Bark on twigs without methyl salicylate. Female catkins erect.
  
  * Diploid (2n = 28).
     * Betula calcicola -
     * Betula chichibuensis -
     * Betula costata - Korean birch
     * Betula nigra - River birch or black birch
     * Betula potaninii - Potanin's birch
  * Tetraploid (4n = 56).
     * Betula albosinensis - Chinese red birch
        * Betula albosinensis var. septentrionalis - North Chinese red birch
     * Betula ermanii - Erman's birch
     * Betula jacquemontii (B. utilis subsp. jacquemontii) - White-barked Himalayan birch
     * Betula utilis - Himalayan birch
  * Hexaploid (6n = 84).
     * Betula dahurica - Dahurian birch
     * Betula delavayi - Delavay's birch
     * Betula raddeana - Radde's birch
  * Octoploid (8n = 112).
     * Betula chinensis - Chinese birch
  * chromosome number not reported
     * Betula fargesii - Farges's birch
     * Betula schmidtii - Schmidt's birch
  * chromosome number unknown
     * Betula leopoldae
  
  ## Subgenus Betula - Typical birches
  
  Bark on twigs without methyl salicylate. Female catkins pendulous.
  
  * Diploid (2n = 28).
     * Betula cordifolia - Heart-leaf birch or mountain paper birch
     * Betula pendula - Silver birch
     * Betula mandschurica - Manchurian birch
        * Betula mandschurica var. japonica - Japanese birch
     * Betula neoalaskana - Alaska birch or Yukon birch
     * Betula occidentalis - Water birch or red birch (B. fontinalis)
     * Betula platyphylla (Betula pendula var. platyphylla) - Siberian silver birch
     * Betula populifolia - Gray birch
     * Betula szechuanica (Betula pendula var. szechuanica) - Sichuan birch
  * Tetraploid (4n = 56).
     * Betula celtiberica - Iberian white birch
     * Betula pubescens - White birch, European white birch or downy birch
        * Betula pubescens subsp. tortuosa - Arctic white birch
  * Pentaploid (5n = 70).
     * Betula kenaica - Kenai birch
  * Hexaploid (6n = 84).
     * Betula papyrifera - Paper birch, canoe birch or American white birch (sometimes tetraploid or pentaploid)
  
  ## Subgenus Chamaebetula - Dwarf birches
  
  Small shrubs with small rounded leaves. Female catkins pendulous.
  
  * Diploid (2n = 28).
     * Betula glandulosa (B. nana subsp. glandulosa) - American dwarf birch
     * Betula nana - Dwarf birch
  * Tetraploid (4n = 56).
     * Betula minor - Quebec dwarf birch
     * Betula pumila - Swamp birch
  * chromosome number not reported
     * Betula fruticosa -
     * Betula gmelinii -
     * Betula hallii - Cascades dwarf birch
     * Betula humilis - Arctic dwarf birch
     * Betula michauxii - Newfoundland dwarf birch
     * Betula microphylla -
     * Betula middendorffii -
  