title: Goilalan languages
text: # Goilalan languages
  
  The Goilalan or Wharton Range languages are a language family spoken around the Wharton Range in the "Bird's Tail" of New Guinea. They were classified as a branch of the Trans–New Guinea languages by Stephen Wurm (1975), but only tentatively retained there in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005) and removed entirely by Timothy Usher (2020).
  
  ## Languages
  
  The languages are,
  
  * Fuyug
  * Tauade
  * Northern (Kunimaipa): Biangai, Kunimaipa, Weri
  
  The languages are clearly related, especially northern Biagai, Kunimaipa, and Weri, which might be considered divergent dialects.
  
  ## Pronouns
  
  Pronouns are:
  
  * Northern: 1sg ne, 2sg ni, 3sg pi
  * Tauade/Fuyug: 1sg na, 2sg nu
  
  Tauade also has the possessive pronouns ne-ve, ni-e.
  
  ## Vocabulary comparison
  
  The following basic vocabulary words are from SIL field notes (1973, 1975, 1980), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:
  
      glossFuyugTauade head hul ha; ondobekɔrɔtɔ hair are; hul halumaawutu ear gadolokepapaí eye hul li; imtavai nose hul hunga; ungekiːtʰ tooth hul usinɔtɔvai tongue hul aseseaivi leg sogalɔ'vai louse hidautʰ dog ho; oikɔveřa pig ovopɔřu bird Nemba; nembekide egg hulombomutuwu blood tanail'iví bone hudekeniví skin hul hoda; odekɔtipai breast hul dudadata tree i'ieata man A'a; anbaře woman Amu; amuriiva sun evulivatava moon hamaɔne water ʒuipi fire okie'na·m stone zoevi'ti road, path enamba; inambebɔřiƀařa name ifaape'te eat huni neneɔmei nai one fidakɔne two ʒuvalokupal'iai
  
  ## Evolution
  
  Fuyuge reflexes of purported proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:
  
  * baba ‘father’ < *mbapa
  * sabe ‘saliva’ < *si(mb,p)at
  * magata ‘mouth, jaw’ < *maŋgat[a]
  * mele-pila ‘tongue’ < *mele-mbilaŋ
  * imu ‘eye’ < *(ŋg,k)amu
  * ije ‘tree’ < *inda
  