title: Artin–Mazur zeta function
text: # Artin–Mazur zeta function
  
  In mathematics, the Artin–Mazur zeta function, named after Michael Artin and Barry Mazur, is a function that is used for studying the iterated functions that occur in dynamical systems and fractals.
  
  It is defined from a given function $f$ as the formal power series
  
      $\zeta _{f}(z)=\exp \left(\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\bigl |}\operatorname {Fix} (f^{n}){\bigr |}{\frac {z^{n}}{n}}\right),$
  
  where $\operatorname {Fix} (f^{n})$ is the set of fixed points of the $n$th iterate of the function $f$, and $|\operatorname {Fix} (f^{n})|$ is the number of fixed points (i.e. the cardinality of that set).
  
  Note that the zeta function is defined only if the set of fixed points is finite for each $n$. This definition is formal in that the series does not always have a positive radius of convergence.
  
  The Artin–Mazur zeta function is invariant under topological conjugation.
  
  The Milnor–Thurston theorem states that the Artin–Mazur zeta function of an interval map $f$ is the inverse of the kneading determinant of $f$.
  
  ## Analogues
  
  The Artin–Mazur zeta function is formally similar to the local zeta function, when a diffeomorphism on a compact manifold replaces the Frobenius mapping for an algebraic variety over a finite field.
  
  The Ihara zeta function of a graph can be interpreted as an example of the Artin–Mazur zeta function.
  
  