title: 1869 in literature
text: # 1869 in literature
  
  This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1869.
  
  ## Events
  
  * February 3 – Booth's Theatre opens on Manhattan with the owner, Edwin Booth, playing the male lead in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.
  * May 10 – As a protest against her drama school having been closed down by the Russian authorities, Swedish-born actress Hedvig Raa-Winterhjelm delivers the lines in her next performance, Aleksis Kivi's Lea, in the Finnish language, the first time it has been spoken in the public theatre in Finland.
  * May 22 – Serial publication of Anthony Trollope's novel He Knew He Was Right concludes and it appears in London as the first book to include a fictional private investigator, ex-policeman Samuel Bozzle.
  * August
     * Ambrose Bierce, writing a satirical column for the San Francisco News Letter, begins to produce the cynical definitions which will eventually become The Devil's Dictionary.
     * Macmillan Publishing opens its first American office in New York City, headed by George Edward Brett.
  * October 5 – Model, poet and artist Elizabeth Siddal (d. 1862) is exhumed at Highgate Cemetery in London in order to recover the manuscript of Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Poems buried with her.
  * December – Publication of Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace («Война и миръ», Voyna i mir) complete in book form concludes. It is printed in Moscow and sold by the author on subscription.
  * unknown dates – Eiríkur Magnússon and William Morris publish their first translations of Old Icelandic sagas into English: Grettis Saga: The Story of Grettir the Strong (from Grettis saga) and The Story of Gunnlaug the Worm-tongue and Raven the Skald (from Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu).
  
  ## New books
  
  ### Fiction
  
  * Thomas Bailey Aldrich – The Story of a Bad Boy
  * Ignacio Manuel Altamirano – Clemencia (debut novel)
  * Horatio Alger, Jr. – Luck and Pluck
  * R. M. Ballantyne – Erling the Bold
  * R. D. Blackmore – Lorna Doone
  * Fyodor Dostoyevsky – The Idiot (Идіотъ)
  * Alexandre Dumas, père – The Knight of Sainte-Hermine (Le Chevalier de Sainte-Hermine, unfinished; first published 2005)
  * Gustave Flaubert – Sentimental Education (L'Éducation sentimentale)
  * Émile Gaboriau – Monsieur Lecoq
  * Ivan Goncharov – The Precipice (Обрыв)
  * Edmond and Jules de Goncourt – Madame Gervaisais
  * Victor Hugo – The Man Who Laughs (L'Homme qui rit)
  * Sheridan Le Fanu – The Wyvern Mystery
  * Nikolai Leskov – Old Years in Plodomasovo («Ста′рые го′ды в селе′ Плодома′сове» published serially in Russkiy Vestnik)
  * Joaquim Manuel de Macedo – A Luneta Mágica (The Magical Glasses)
  * Hector Malot – Romain Kalbris
  * Florence Montgomery – Misunderstood
  * Charles Reade – Foul Play
  * Capt. Hawley Smart – Breezie Langton
  * Hesba Stretton – Alone in London
  * Leo Tolstoy – War and Peace
  * Charlotte M. Yonge – The Chaplet of Pearls
  
  ### Children and young people
  
  * Louisa May Alcott – Good Wives
  * Frances Freeling Broderip
     * Tales of the Toys told by Themselves
     * The Daisy and her Friends: Tales and Stories for Children
  * Juliana Horatia Ewing – Mrs. Overtheway's Remembrances
  * Jean Ingelow – Mopsa the Fairy
  * A. D. T. Whitney – Hitherto
  
  ### Drama
  
  * Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson – Sigurd Slembe (Sigurd the Bastard, trilogy, first performed, in Germany)
  * François Coppée – Le Passant
  * Navalram Pandya – Veermati
  * Mendele Mocher Sforim – Di Takse (The Tax, unperformed)
  * Alexander Sukhovo-Kobylin – Scenes from the Past
  
  ### Poetry
  
  * Henry Kendall – Leaves from Australian Forests
  
  ### Non-fiction
  
  * Matthew Arnold – Culture and Anarchy
  * P. T. Barnum – Struggles and Triumphs
  * Josephine Butler (editor) – Women's Work and Women's Culture
  * Warren Felt Evans – The Mental Cure, illustrating the influence of the Mind on the Body
  * William Ewart Gladstone – Juventus Mundi: The gods and men of "the heroic" age
  * John Stuart Mill – The Subjection of Women
  * John Neal — Wandering Recollections of a Somewhat Busy Life: An Autobiography
  * Mark Twain – The Innocents Abroad
  * Richard Wagner – Das Judenthum in der Musik (Jewishness in Music)
  * Garnet Wolseley – Soldier’s Pocket-book for Field Service
  
  ## Births
  
  * January 10 – Rachel Davis Harris, African American librarian (died 1969)
  * January 15 – Stanisław Wyspiański, Polish dramatist, poet, painter and architect (died 1907)
  * February 8 – Victor Ido, born Hans van de Wall, Dutch East Indian journalist, novelist and playwright (died 1948)
  * February 11 – Else Lasker-Schüler, German-born poet, playwright and short story writer (died 1945)
  * March 11
     * F. G. Loring, English writer and naval officer (died 1951)
     * Rosa Louise Woodberry, American journalist and educator (died 1932)
  * March 14 – Algernon Blackwood, English writer (died 1951)
  * May 10 – Rachel Davis Harris, African American librarian (died 1969)
  * May 23 – Olivia Ward Bush-Banks, American poet (died 1944)
  * June 10 – Arthur Shearly Cripps, English-born poet, short story writer and Anglican priest in Africa (died 1952)
  * July 1 – William Strunk, Jr., American professor of English (died 1946)
  * July 8 – William Vaughn Moody, American dramatist and poet (died 1910)
  * July 29 – Booth Tarkington, American novelist (died 1946)
  * August 10 – Laurence Binyon, English poet and dramatist (died 1943)
  * September 6 – Felix Salten, Austrian author and critic (died 1945)
  * October 6 – Bo Bergman, Swedish poet (died 1967)
  * November 15 – Charlotte Mew, English poet (died 1928)
  * November 20 – Zinaida Gippius, Russian writer (died 1945)
  * November 22 – André Gide, French writer (died 1951)
  * December 22 – Edwin Arlington Robinson, American poet (died 1935)
  * December 30 – Stephen Leacock, English-born Canadian humorist and economist (died 1944)
  
  ## Deaths
  
  * January 20 – Carl Wilhelm Göttling, German classical commentator (born 1793)
  * January 28 – Sophie Bolander, Swedish writer (born 1807)
  * January 30
     * Frances Catherine Barnard, English writer (born 1796)
     * William Carleton, Irish writer (born 1794)
  * February 15 – Ghalib, Indian poet (born 1796)
  * February 28 – Alphonse de Lamartine, French poet and politician (born 1790)
  * March 31 – David Rees (Y Cynhyrfwr), Nonconformist leader and author (born 1801)
  * May 18 – Peter Cunningham, British literary scholar and antiquarian (born 1816)
  * July 7 – Paul Botten-Hansen, Norwegian librarian, book collector, magazine editor and literary critic (born 1824)
  * July 11 – William Jerdan, Scottish-born editor (born 1782)
  * July 15 – Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Duncker, German publisher (born 1781)
  * July 19 – Victor Aimé Huber, German travel writer and literary historian (born 1800)
  * July 22 – Julius Braun, German historian (born 1825)
  * August 2 – Thomas Medwin, English poet, biographer and translator (born 1788)
  * September 12 – Peter Mark Roget, British lexicographer (born 1779)
  * October – John Jones (Talhaiarn), poet (born 1810)
  * October 13 – Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)
  * October 18 – Simon Jenko, Slovene poet (born 1835)
  * November 3 – Andreas Kalvos, Greek Romantic poet and dramatist (born 1792)
  * November 12 – Gheorghe Asachi, Moldavian polymath (born 1788)
  