title: Parsifal (1982 film)
text: # Parsifal (1982 film)
  
  Parsifal is a 1982 West German-French opera film directed by Hans-Jürgen Syberberg, based on the opera of the same name by Richard Wagner. It was shown out of competition at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival.
  
  The soundtrack is a complete performance of the opera, but the imagery used is a melange including medieval costume, puppetry, Nazi relics and a giant death mask of Wagner. The Grail itself is represented by Wagner's Bayreuth Theatre, and Parsifal's key transformation is portrayed with a change of actor to an androgynous but deliberately female-suggesting form in order to achieve a union of male and female at the conclusion of Act II.
  
  ## Cast
  
  * Armin Jordan - Amfortas / Music Conductor
  * Robert Lloyd - Gurnemanz
  * Martin Sperr - Titurel
  * Michael Kutter - Parsifal 1
  * Edith Clever - Kundry
  * Thomas Fink - 2nd Squire
  * Rudolph Gabler - 1st Knight of the Grail
  * Monika Gärtner - 1st Squire
  * Reiner Goldberg - Parsifal (voice)
  * Aage Haugland - Klingsor
  * Karin Krick - Parsifal 2
  * David Luther - Young Parsifal
  * David Meyer - 3rd Squire
  * Yvonne Minton - Kundry (voice)
  * Bruno Romani-Versteeg - 3rd Knight of the Grail
  * Judith Schmidt - 4th Squire
  * Wolfgang Schöne - Amfortas (voice)
  * Amelie Syberberg - Bearer of the Grail
  * Urban von Klebelsberg - 2nd Knight of the Grail
  
  ## Production
  
  Prior to making Parsifal, Hans-Jürgen Syberberg had made three films which bring up the subject of Richard Wagner: Ludwig: Requiem for a Virgin King from 1972, The Confessions of Winifred Wagner from 1975 and Hitler: A Film from Germany from 1977. The Confessions of Winifred Wagner had upset the descendants of Wagner, which had the effect that Syberberg was not allowed to use any existing recording of the opera for the soundtrack of Parsifal. A production was instead arranged specifically for the film, with Armin Jordan as conductor. The film was shot entirely in studio in 35 days, in Bavaria Atelier in Munich. The budget was just above three million Deutsche Mark.
  
  ## Reception
  
  The New York Times' John Rockwell wrote: "Hans Jurgen Syberberg's film version of Richard Wagner's music drama, Parsifal, should enthrall both film lovers and Wagner fans. Mr. Syberberg's work represents not only the summation of his career thus far, but is as gripping, strange and, in the end, devotionally faithful a staging as any Wagner opera has received in our time." Rockwell continued: "Just why Mr. Syberberg's scenic innovations don't seem as disturbing as other modern directorial innovations - Patrice Chéreau's Bayreuth Ring, for instance - is hard to explain. ... [I]nstead of their shocking us away from the romantic spell of the music, they reinforce that spell. It's as if Wagner's hypnotic allure and Brecht's intellectualized alienation have been somehow mystically united." Graham Bradshaw wrote in London Review of Books: "Using clever front projection techniques, [Syberberg] provides a rapid background commentary on the main dramatic action: this is sometimes contrived and disruptive, but more frequently suggests the reflexes and ricochets of a mind that is actively engaging with Parsifal."
  
  