title: Third-party and independent candidates for the 2008 United States presidential election
text: # Third-party and independent candidates for the 2008 United States presidential election
  
  2008 U.S. presidential election :
  
  Timeline
  
  General election debates
  
  National polling
  
  Statewide polling
  
  Parties :
  
  Democratic Party :
  
  Candidates
  
  Debates and forums
  
  Primaries
  
  National polling
  
  Statewide polling
  
  Results
  
  Nominee
  
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  superdelegates :
  
  Republican Party :
  
  Candidates
  
  Debates and forums
  
  Primaries
  
  National polling
  
  Statewide polling
  
  Results
  
  Nominee
  
  Convention :
  
  Minor parties :
  
  Libertarian Party
  
  primaries
  
  convention
  
  Green Party
  
  primaries
  
  convention
  
  Constitution Party
  
  All candidates :
  
  Related races :
  
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  This article contains lists of official third party or independent candidates associated with the 2008 United States presidential election.
  
  Third party is a term commonly used in the United States to refer to political parties other than the two major parties, the Democratic Party and Republican Party. The term is used as innumerate shorthand for all such parties, or sometimes only the largest of them.
  
  An independent candidate is one who runs for office with no formal party affiliation.
  
  Candidates who received, or ran for, the presidential nomination of a political party other than that of the two major parties in the 2008 presidential election, as well those who ran as independents, are listed below.
  
  ## Candidates who qualified for minimum 270 electoral votes
  
  The following nominees appeared on enough state ballots to theoretically obtain the minimum 270 electoral votes needed to win the election.
  
  ### Constitution Party
  
  **Ticket**
  
  | Presidential nominee Chuck Baldwin | Presidential nominee Chuck Baldwin | Running mate Darrell Castle | Running mate Darrell Castle |
  | - | - | - | - |
  | | Main article: Chuck Baldwin 2008 presidential campaign Pastor, conservative political activist, and Constitution Party 2004 Vice Presidential nominee. Nominated by the Constitution Party at its 2008 National Convention on April 26, 2008, with 383.8 delegates. On Election Day, Baldwin received 199,314 votes, about 0.2% of the total popular vote. | | National Vice-Chair of the Constitution Party. Attorney, political activist and former Marine Corps Lieutenant from Tennessee. |
  
  **Candidates**
  
  | Candidate | Background | Delegates |
  | - | - | - |
  | Alan Keyes | Main article: Alan Keyes 2008 presidential campaign Political activist, former U.S. diplomat. Republican candidate for president in 1996, 2000 and 2008, Republican candidate for U.S. Senate in 1988, 1992, and 2004. | 125.7 |
  | Max "The Swashbuckler" Riekse | Former U.S. Army lieutenant colonel. Wikinews has related news: Wikinews interviews U.S. Constitution Party presidential candidate Max Riekse | 4.5 |
  | Susan Gail Ducey | Stay at home mom and registered nurse from Kansas. Started out 2008 presidential campaign running as a Republican then switched to independent prior to seeking the Constitution Party nomination. She was also a 1996 Republican presidential candidate and made a brief run for the United States Congress in 2000 as a Republican in Oklahoma. | 1 |
  | Daniel Imperato | Businessman from Florida and Libertarian Party presidential candidate. | 1 |
  
  ### Green Party
  
  **Ticket**
  
  | Presidential nominee Cynthia McKinney | Presidential nominee Cynthia McKinney | Running mate Rosa Clemente | Running mate Rosa Clemente |
  | - | - | - | - |
  | | Main article: Cynthia McKinney 2008 presidential campaign Former Congresswoman from Georgia (1993–2003, 2005–2007). McKinney clinched the Green Party nomination on July 12, 2008, at its 2008 National Convention in Chicago, IL with 324 delegates. McKinney also received the endorsement of the Workers World Party in July. McKinney received 161,603 votes for 0.1% of the vote. Wikinews has related news: Wikinews interviews U.S. Green Party presidential candidate Cynthia McKinney | | Commentator, political activist, community organizer and independent reporter from New York. |
  
  **Candidates**
  
  | Candidate | Background | Delegates |
  | - | - | - |
  | Kat Swift | State Party Co-Chair, progressive activist and newspaper credit manager from Texas. | 38.5 |
  | Kent Mesplay | Wikinews has related news: Wikinews interviews Kent Mesplay, Green Party presidential candidate Inspector at the air pollution control district of San Diego County (2001–2015) from California. | 35 |
  | Jesse Johnson | Filmmaker, and 2006 Senate candidate and 2004 gubernatorial candidate for the Mountain Party from West Virginia. | 32.5 |
  | Elaine Brown | Former Chairwoman of the Black Panther Party from California | 9 |
  | Jared Ball | College professor, journalist from Maryland. (endorsed McKinney) | 8 |
  | Howie Hawkins | Co-Founder of the Green Party and Activist from New York | 8 |
  
  ### Libertarian Party
  
  **Ticket**
  
  | Presidential nominee Bob Barr | Presidential nominee Bob Barr | Running mate Wayne Allyn Root | Running mate Wayne Allyn Root |
  | - | - | - | - |
  | | Main article: Bob Barr 2008 presidential campaignFormer Congressman and U.S. Attorney from Georgia. Barr won the nomination of the Libertarian Party on May 25, 2008, at its 2008 National Convention, in Denver, Colorado with 324 votes on the sixth ballot. Barr received 523,686 votes, 0.4% of the national vote. Wikinews has related news: Bob Barr wins the Libertarian Party presidential nomination | | Sports handicapper, businessman, author, and TV show host from Nevada. |
  
  **Candidates**
  
  | Candidate | Background | Delegates (1st Ballot) |
  | - | - | - |
  | Mary Ruwart | Author of Healing Our World, research scientist, activist, candidate for the Libertarian 1984 presidential nomination and 1992 vice-presidential nomination. | 152 |
  | Wayne Allyn Root | Sports handicapper, businessman, author, and TV show host from Nevada. | 123 |
  | Mike Gravel | Main article: Mike Gravel 2008 presidential campaignFormer U.S. Senator from Alaska. Previously a candidate for the Democratic Party's 2008 presidential nomination. | 71 |
  | George Phillies | Professor of Physics at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2002 candidate for chair of the Libertarian National Committee, and 1998 Congressional candidate from Massachusetts. | 49 |
  | Steve Kubby | Businessman, marijuana legalization activist, and 1998 Gubernatorial candidate from California. | 41 |
  | Mike Jingozian | Software company founder from Oregon. | 23 |
  | Christine Smith | Humanitarian activist, and writer from Colorado. | 6 |
  | Daniel Imperato | Businessman from Florida. | 1 |
  | Robert Milnes | Activist from Camden, New Jersey. | 0 |
  
  ### Independent
  
  For independent candidates that did not achieve ballot access in enough states to win 270 electoral votes, see Independents section.
  
  | Presidential candidate Ralph Nader | Presidential candidate Ralph Nader | Running mate Matt Gonzalez | Running mate Matt Gonzalez |
  | - | - | - | - |
  | | Main article: Ralph Nader 2008 presidential campaign Consumer advocate, Write-in candidate in 1992, Green Party presidential nominee in 1996 and 2000, and 2004 independent candidate. Announced candidacy February 24, 2008, on Meet the Press. Nader received 738,475 votes, the third highest total in the popular vote count. | | Prominent lawyer and activist in San Francisco, California politics. In 2003 while a city supervisor was elected by peers on the Board of Supervisors to the presidency of the board representing a city of nearly a million people. He was a close second in a mayoral bid that won him 47% of the vote despite being outspent 6.5 to 1. |
  
  ## Other candidates
  
  The nominees of the following parties appeared on fewer state ballots than needed to qualify for the minimum 270 electoral votes required to win the electoral college. These candidates could only theoretically have been elected in the unlikely event of a successful write-in campaign, or in the event that no candidate received at least 270 electoral votes. In the latter scenario, the election of the President would be determined by the House of Representatives.
  
  ### Boston Tea Party
  
  Presidential nominee :
  
  | Charles Jay | Jay was selected as the nominee of the Boston Tea Party at its online Convention held June 15–16, 2008. He was the 2004 Presidential nominee of the Personal Choice Party, which also endorsed him in 2008. Jay received 2,422 votes. |
  | - | - |
  
  Vice Presidential nominee :
  
  | Thomas L. Knapp | Blogger, political activist, of Missouri. He also ran for Congress as a Libertarian. |
  | - | - |
  
  ### New American Independent Party
  
  Presidential nominee :
  
  | Frank McEnulty | President & chief financial officer of Our Castle Homes from California. McEnulty won the New American Independent Party nomination in March 2008. He simultaneously ran as the vice-presidential nominee of the Reform Party in states where the NAIP was unable to obtain ballot status. McEnulty received 828 votes in Colorado, the only state he was on the ballot. Wikinews has related news: Wikinews interviews Frank McEnulty, independent candidate for US President |
  | - | - |
  
  ### Objectivist Party
  
  Presidential nominee :
  
  | Tom Stevens | Objectivist, educator, attorney, political activist, founder and chairman of the Objectivist Party from New York. He received 755 votes. |
  | - | - |
  
  Vice Presidential nominee :
  
  | Alden Link | Objectivist, entrepreneur, real estate developer and aviator. He holds residency in both New Jersey and New York. |
  | - | - |
  
  ### Party for Socialism and Liberation
  
  Presidential nominee :
  
  | Gloria La Riva | Socialist, long-time anti-war and immigrant rights activist, of California. The Party for Socialism and Liberation announced the La Riva campaign on January 17, 2008. La Riva received the nomination of the Peace & Freedom Party in gubernatorial races in 1994 and 1998. She received 6,808 votes. |
  | - | - |
  
  Vice Presidential nominee :
  
  | Eugene Puryear | Anti-war activist, social justice organizer, and Party for Socialism and Liberation National Committee member, of Washington, D.C. |
  | - | - |
  
  ### Prohibition Party
  
  Presidential nominee :
  
  | Gene Amondson | Temperance lecturer, minister, artist, and 2004 Presidential Nominee. Nominated at the Prohibition Party National Convention held in Indianapolis, Indiana, September 14, 2007. Amondson received 653 votes. Wikinews has related news: Wikinews interviews Gene Amondson, Prohibition Party presidential nominee |
  | - | - |
  
  Vice Presidential nominee :
  
  | Leroy Pletten | Temperance movement activist from Michigan. |
  | - | - |
  
  ### Reform Party
  
  Presidential nominee :
  
  | Ted Weill | Businessman, of Mississippi. Weill received the nomination of the Reform Party at its National Convention in Dallas, Texas on July 20, 2008. Weill received 481 votes. |
  | - | - |
  
  Vice Presidential nominee :
  
  | Frank McEnulty | Businessman, of California. McEnulty also ran as the presidential nominee of the New American Independent Party in the states where the Reform Party was unable to obtain ballot access. |
  | - | - |
  
  Candidates :
  
  | Daniel Imperato | Businessman from Florida who eventually joined the Libertarian Party. |
  | - | - |
  
  ### Socialist Party USA
  
  Presidential nominee
  
  Main article: Brian Moore presidential campaign, 2008 :
  
  | Brian Moore | Antiwar activist, independent (Green Party endorsed) candidate for U.S. Senate in Florida in 2006. Moore received the Socialist Party USA's presidential nomination at its National Convention in St. Louis, Missouri on October 20, 2007. Moore received 6,528 votes nationally. Wikinews has related news: Wikinews interviews Brian Moore, Socialist Party USA presidential candidate |
  | - | - |
  
  Vice Presidential nominee :
  
  | Stewart Alexander | Political activist and former Los Angeles mayoral candidate of California |
  | - | - |
  
  Candidates :
  
  | Eric Chester | Author and former economics professor. 1996 Socialist Party USA vice-presidential candidate, three-time candidate for SPUSA presidential nomination (2000, 2004, 2008). |
  | - | - |
  
  ### Socialist Workers Party
  
  Presidential nominee :
  
  | Róger Calero | Socialist Workers Party candidate for President of the United States in 2004 and 2008, and for the United States Senate in New York in 2006. Calero received 5,127 votes. Because Calero was not a natural-born citizen of the United States and was ineligible for the presidency, James Harris stood in for Calero as the SWP's nominee in several states, receiving an additional 2,424 votes, giving the party a total of 7,551 votes for president. |
  | - | - |
  
  Vice Presidential nominee :
  
  | Alyson Kennedy | Laborer and political activist from New Jersey. |
  | - | - |
  
  ### Independents
  
  Candidates :
  
  | Alan Keyes | Main article: Alan Keyes presidential campaign, 2008 Former Ambassador in the Ronald Reagan administration. Unsuccessfully sought the nominations of the Republican Party and the Constitution Party before beginning a campaign as an independent. In some of the states he appeared on the ballot for, he was listed as the candidate for America's Independent Party, a party formed by his supporters. Keyes received 47,694 votes. Brian Rohrbough of Colorado was Keyes' running mate. |
  | - | - |
  | Joe Schriner | Journalist and author from Ohio. Independent presidential candidate in 2000 and 2004. Dale Way of Michigan was Schriner's running mate. |
  