title: List of neuromuscular disorders
text: # List of neuromuscular disorders
  
  Below is a partial list of neuromuscular disorders.
  
  ## Affecting muscle
  
  ### Muscular dystrophies
  
  **Dystrophinopathies**
  
  * Duchenne muscular dystrophy
  * Becker muscular dystrophy
  * DMD-associated dilated cardiomyopathy
  
  **Limb girdle muscular dystrophies**
  
  Limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) as defined by the European Neuromuscular Centre in 2018. They are named by the following system: LGMD, recessive or dominant inheritance (R or D), order of discovery (number), affected protein.
  
  * LGMD D1 DNAJB6-related
  * LGMD D2 TNP03-related
  * LGMD D3 HNRNPDL-related
  * LGMD D4 calpain3-related
  * LGMD D5 collagen 6-related
  * LGMD R1 calpain3-related (Calpainopathy)
  * LGMD R2 dysferlin-related
  * LGMD R3 α-sarcoglycan-related
  * LGMD R4 β-sarcoglycan-related
  * LGMD R5 γ-sarcoglycan-related
  * LGMD R6 δ-sarcoglycan-related
  * LGMD R7 telethonin-related
  * LGMD R8 TRIM 32-related
  * LGMD R9 FKRP-related
  * LGMD R10 titin-related
  * LGMD R11 POMT1-related
  * LGMD R12 anoctamin5-related
  * LGMD R13 Fukutin-related
  * LGMD R14 POMT2-related
  * LGMD R15 POMGnT1-related
  * LGMD R16 α-dystroglycan-related
  * LGMD R17 plectin-related
  * LGMD R18 TRAPPC11-related
  * LGMD R19 GMPPB-related
  * LGMD R20 ISPD-related
  * LGMD R21 POGLUT1-related
  * LGMD R22 collagen 6-related
  * LGMD R23 laminin α2-related
  * LGMD R24 POMGNT2-related
  
  **Congenital muscular dystrophies**
  
  * LAMA2-related (merosin deficient) congenital muscular dystrophy (Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy)
  * Collagen VI-related muscular dystrophy (Bethlem myopathy, Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy)
  * α-Dystroglycanopathies (Walker–Warburg syndrome, muscle-eye-brain disease)
  * Laminopathies
  
  **Distal muscular dystrophy**
  
  Distal muscular dystrophy, also called distal myopathy, is essentially any muscle disease that preferentially affects the hands and/or feet, a much less common pattern than proximal muscle weakness.
  
  * Late adult-onset type 1
  * Late adult-onset type 2a
  * Late adult-onset type 2b
  * Early adult-onset type 1
  * Early adult-onset type 2
  * Early adult-onset type 3
  
  **Myofibrillar myopathy**
  
  Myofibrillar myopathies are diseases that cause similar findings of affected muscle when viewed under a microscope.
  
  * Desminopathy
  * Myotilinopathy
  * Zaspopathy
  * Filaminopathy
  * Bag3opathy
  
  **Other muscular dystrophies**
  
  * Myotonic dystrophy
  * Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
  * Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD)
  
  ### Congenital myopathies
  
  * Nemaline myopathy
  * Central core myopathy
  * Centronuclear myopathy
  * Congenital fiber type disproportion
  * Multi/minicore myopathy
  * Cylindrical spirals myopathy
  
  ### Metabolic diseases
  
  Mutations causing defects in metabolism can cause muscle damage due to inadequate energy for muscles or accumulation of waste products.
  
  **Mitochondrial myopathy**
  
  Mitochondrial myopathies are diseases caused by mutations related to mitochondria, and thus are generally inherited from the mother with variable expressivity due to heteroplasmy.
  
  * Kearns–Sayre syndrome
  * Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS)
  * Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF)
  * Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency
  * Mitochondrial complex I deficiency
  * Mitochondrial complex II deficiency
  * Mitochondrial complex III deficiency (cytochrome b deficiency)
  * mtDNA deletion
  
  **Glycogen storage disease**
  
  Glycogen storage diseases (GSD) are a group of diseases caused by mutations related to glycogen metabolism.
  
  * GSD type II (Pompe disease)
  * GSD type V (McArdle disease)
  * GSD type VII (Tarui disease)
  * GSD type XI (Lactate dehydrogenase deficiency)
  * GSD type X (Phosphoglycerate mutase deficiency)
  * Phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency
  
  **Fat oxidation defect**
  
  * Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency
  * Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
  * Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency
  * Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency
  * Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency
  
  **Other metabolic myopathies**
  
  * Myoadenylate deaminase (MADA) deficiency
  
  ### Inflammatory myopathies
  
  * Inclusion body myositis
  * Dermatomyositis
  * Polymyositis
  * Statin-associated autoimmune myopathy
  
  ### Other diseases of muscle
  
  * Rippling muscle disease
  * Drug-induced myopathy
  
  ## Affecting nerve
  
  * Troyer syndrome
  * Cramp fasciculation syndrome
  * Hereditary spastic paraplegia
  * Spinocerebellar ataxia
  * Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
  
  ### Neuronopathies
  
  A neuronopathy affects the cell body of a nerve cell in the peripheral nervous system.
  
  * Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  * Spinal muscular atrophy
  * Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1
  * Atypical motor neuron diseases
  * Dorsal root ganglion disorders
  
  ### Neuropathy
  
  A neuropathy affects the peripheral nerves.
  
  * Guillain–Barré syndrome
  * Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
  * Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
  
  **Compressive (entrapment) neuropathies**
  
  **Upper extremity**
  
  * Median neuropathy at wrist (carpal tunnel syndrome)
  * Proximal median neuropathy
  * Ulnar neuropathy at elbow
  * Ulnar neuropathy at wrist
  * Radial neuropathy
     * at the spiral groove
     * in the axilla
     * superficial radial sensory neuropathy
  * posterior interosseous neuropathy
  * Suprascapular neuropathy
  * Axillary neuropathy
  * Musculocutaneous neuropathy
  * Long thoracic neuropathy
  
  **Compressive (entrapment) neuropathies**
  
  **Lower extremity**
  
  * deep peroneal mononeuropathy at the fibular neck
  * common fibular mononeuropathy at the hip
  * deep fibular mononeuropathy at the ankle
  * superficial fibular mononeuropathy
  * sciatic mononeuroapthy at the hip or thigh
  * piriformis syndrome
  * proximal tibial mononeuropathy
  * tarsal tunnel syndrome
  * interdigital neuropathy (Morton's Neuroma)
  * sural mononeuropathy
  * femoral mononeuropathy
  * saphenous mononeuropathy
  * lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy
  * ilioinguinal neuropathy
  * iliohypogastric neuropathy
  * genitofemoral neuropathy
  * posterior femoral cutaneous neuropathy
  * obturator neuropathy
  * neuropathy of gluteal nerves
  
  **Cranial nerve palsies**
  
  * trigeminal nerve
     * trigeminal neuralgia
     * trigeminal sensory neuropathy
     * numb chin syndrome
     * numb cheek syndrome
     * herpes simplex virus infection
  * facial nerve
     * bell's palsy
     * bilateral facial palsy
     * congenital (trauma, Mobius syndrome, cardiofacial syndrome)
  * glossopharyngeal nerve
     * glossopharyngeal neuralgia
     * glomus jugulare tumor
  * vagus nerve injury
  * spinal accessory nerve palsy
  * hypoglossal nerve injury
  
  ## Affecting neuromuscular junction
  
  * Myasthenia gravis
  * Congenital myasthenic syndrome
  * Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome
  * Isaac's syndrome
  
  ## Other
  
  * Multiple sclerosis
  * Stiff-person syndrome
  