title: Cadmium sulfate
text: # Cadmium sulfate
  
  Cadmium sulfate is the name of a series of related inorganic compounds with the formula $CdSO_4·xH_2O.$ The most common form is the monohydrate $CdSO_4·H_2O,$ but two other forms are known $CdSO_4·8⁄3H_2O$ and the anhydrous salt $(CdSO_4).$ All salts are colourless and highly soluble in water.
  
  ## Structure, preparation, and occurrence
  
  X-ray crystallography shows that $CdSO_4·H_2O$ is a typical coordination polymer. Each $Cd^{2+}$ center has octahedral coordination geometry, being surrounded by four oxygen centers provided by four sulfate ligands and two oxygen centers from the bridging water ligands.
  
  Cadmium sulfate hydrate can be prepared by the reaction of cadmium metal or its oxide or hydroxide with dilute sulfuric acid:
  
      CdO + $H_2SO_4$ → $CdSO_4$ + $H_2O$
      Cd + $H_2SO_4$ → $CdSO_4$ + $H_2$
  
  The anhydrous material can be prepared using sodium persulfate:
  
      Cd + $Na_2S_2O_8$ → $CdSO_4$ + $Na_2SO_4$
  
  Cadmium sulfates occur as the following rare minerals drobecite $(CdSO_4·4H_2O),$ voudourisite (monohydrate), and lazaridisite (the 8/3-hydrate).
  
  ## Applications
  
  Cadmium sulfate is used widely for the electroplating of cadmium in electronic circuits. It is also a precursor to cadmium-based pigment such as cadmium sulfide. It is also used for electrolyte in a Weston standard cell as well as a pigment in fluorescent screens.
  
  