title: 1016
text: # 1016
  
  Year 1016 (MXVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
  
  ## Events
  
  ### By place
  
  **Europe**
  
  * March 25 – Battle of Nesjar (off the coast of Norway): Olaf Haraldsson is victorious over former co-regent Sweyn Haakonsson, confirming his status as king of Norway.
  * April 23 – Æthelred the Unready, king of England, dies after a 38-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Edmund II "Ironside".
  * Summer – Battle of Brentford (near London): Edmund II defeats the Danes under King Cnut the Great.
  * July 6 – Battle of Pontlevoy: French forces of Fulk III and Herbert I defeat Odo II which determines the balance of power in the Loire Valley.
  * October 18 – Battle of Assandun: Cnut the Great defeats Edmund II, leaving the latter as king of Wessex.
  * November 30 – Edmund II dies and Cnut the Great takes control of the whole of the Kingdom of England.
  * The Pisan and the Genoese republics launch a naval offensive against the Muslim strongholds of Sardinia, in particular Porto Torres, and defeat the fleet of the taifa king of Dénia, Mujāhid al-ʿĀmirī.
  * Melus of Bari makes a second attempt against Byzantine-held Southern Italy. To support his cause, he hires Norman mercenaries, unwittingly triggering the rise of Norman rule over southern Italy.
  * Georgius Tzul, ruler of Khazaria, is captured by a combined Byzantine Empire–Kievan Rus' force, which effectively ends Khazaria's existence.
  
  **Arabian Empire**
  
  * January 7 – Fath al-Qal'i, governor of the Citadel of Aleppo, revolts against Emir Mansur ibn Lu'lu', forcing him to flee. Fath accepts an agreement with Salih ibn Mirdas and takes control of Aleppo.
  
  **Asia**
  
  * March 10 – Emperor Sanjō of Japan abdicates the throne after a 5-year reign. He is succeeded by his 7-year-old cousin Go-Ichijō as the 68th emperor of Japan. Fujiwara no Michinaga is appointed regent.
  * Japanese poet Koshikibu no Naishi (lady-in-waiting to Dowager Empress Shōshi) and her husband Fujiwara no Kiminari (son of Michinaga) have a son, but the couple is not accepted because of the social gap between them.
  
  ## Births
  
  * April 3 – Xing Zong, emperor of the Liao dynasty (d. 1055)
  * June 9 – Deokjong, ruler of Goryeo (Korea) (d. 1034)
  * July 25 – Casimir I the Restorer, duke of Poland (d. 1058)
  * August 24 – Fujiwara no Genshi, Japanese empress (d. 1039)
  * October 28 – Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1056)
  * Cao, empress and regent of Song dynasty China (d. 1079)
  * Edward the Exile, son of Edmund II of England (d. 1057)
  * Không Lộ, Vietnamese Zen master (approximate date)
  * Minamoto no Tsunenobu, Japanese nobleman (d. 1097)
  * Svein Knutsson, king of Norway (d. 1035)
  * Yan Vyshatich, Kievan nobleman (d. 1106)
  
  ## Deaths
  
  * April 23 – Æthelred the Unready, king of England
  * May 22 – Jovan Vladimir, Serbian prince (b. 990)
  * September 6 – Fujiwara no Bokushi, great-grandmother of the Emperor of Japan
  * October 18
     * Ælfric of Hampshire, English nobleman
     * Eadnoth the Younger, bishop of Dorchester in England
     * Ulfcytel Snillingr, English nobleman
  * November 30 – Edmund II "Ironside", king of England
  * Badis ibn Mansur, Muslim emir of the Zirid dynasty
  * Henry II "the Good", count of Stade (b. 946)
  * Liu Chenggui, official of Song dynasty China (b. 951)
  * Simeon of Mantua, Armenian Benedictine monk
  * Sulayman ibn al-Hakam, caliph of Córdoba
  * Uhtred the Bold, English nobleman
  * Wulfgar of Abingdon, English abbot
  