title: List of English words of Turkic origin
text: # List of English words of Turkic origin
  
  This is a list of words that have entered into the English language from the Turkic languages. Many of them came via traders and soldiers from and in the Ottoman Empire. There are some Turkic words as well, most of them entered English via the Russian language.
  
  * Top
  * A
  * B
  * C
  * D
  * E
  * F
  * G
  * H
  * I
  * J
  * K
  * L
  * M
  * N
  * O
  * P
  * Q
  * R
  * S
  * T
  * U
  * V
  * W
  * X
  * Y
  * Z
  * See also
  * External links
  
  ## Introduction
  
  Languages of Turkic peoples left numerous traces in different languages, including the English language. Turkic borrowings, which belong to the social and political vocabulary, are generally used in special literature and in the historical and ethnographical works, which relate to the life of Turkic and Muslim peoples. The ethnographical words are generally used in the scientific literature, and in the historical and ethnographical texts.
  
  The adoption of Indian (principally Hindustani) words, among which there were some Turkic borrowings, became one of the ways for the words of the Turkic origin to penetrate English. Additionally, several words of Turkic origin penetrated English through Central or Eastern European languages like Russian and Polish. Albanian, German, Latin, Spanish, Italian, French, Hungarian and Serbo-Croatian were also intermediary languages for the Turkic words to penetrate English, as well as containing numerous Turkic loanwords themselves (e.g. Serbo-Croatian contains around 5,000 Turkic loanwords, primarily from Turkish).
  
  In the nineteenth century, Turkic loanwords, generally of Turkish origin, began to penetrate not only through the writings of the travelers, diplomats and merchants, and through the ethnographical and historical works, but also through the press. In 1847, there were two English-language newspapers in Istanbul – The Levant Herald and The Levant Times, seven newspapers in French, one in German and 37 in Turkish. Turkish contributed the largest share of the Turkic loans, which penetrated into the English directly. This can be explained by the fact that Turkey had the most intensive and wide connections with England. Nevertheless, there are many Turkic loans in English, which were borrowed by its contacts with other peoples – Azerbaijanis, Tatars, Uzbeks, Kazakhs and Kirghiz.
  
  Most of the Turkic loans in English carry exotic or ethnographical connotations. They do not have equivalents in English, do not have synonymic relations with primordial words, and generally are used to describe the fauna, flora, life customs, political and social life, and an administrative-territorial structure of Turkic regions. But there are many Turkic loans, which are still part of the frequently used vocabulary. Some Turkic loans have acquired new meanings, unrelated to their etymology.
  
  To conclude, the words of the Turkic origin began penetrating English as early as the Middle Ages, the Turkic loanwords found their way into English through other languages, most frequently through French. Since the 16c, beginning from the time of the establishment of the direct contacts between England and Turkey, and Russia, in English appeared new direct borrowings from Turkic languages. German, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, French, Arabic, Armenian, Afrikaans, Hungarian, Yiddish, Hindustani, Spanish, Italian, Latin, Malayan, to a different extent, took part in the process of the transfer of the Turkic words into English. The main language from which the borrowings were made, was Turkish.
  
  ## A
  
  ### Afshar
  
      from Turkic Afshar, "a Turkic tribe living majorly in Kerman province of Iran". A Shiraz rug of coarse weave.
  
  ### Aga or Agha
  
      from Turkish ağa, a title of rank, especially in Turkey.
  
  ### Aga Khan
  
      from Turkic agha and khan, the divinely ordained head of the Nizari branch of Isma'ili Shi'a Islam.
  
  ### Agaluk
  
      from Turkish Ağalık, a feudal unit of the Ottoman Empire
  
  ### Airan
  
      from Turkish ayran
  
  ### Akbash
  
      from Turkish akbaş, literally "a whitehead"
  
  ### Akche
  
      from Turkish akçe, also asper, an Ottoman monetary unit that consisted of small silver coins.
  
  ### Akhissar
  
      from Turkish Akhisar, a city in Manisa Province, Turkey near İzmir. A kind of heavy modern carpet made at Akhisar.
  
  ### Altay
  
      from the Altai Mountains of Central Asia, which is from Turkic-Mongolian altan, meaning "golden". 1. the Altai horse 2. the Altay sheep
  
  ### Altilik
  
      from Turkish altılık. A coin formerly used in Turkey, originally silver, equivalent to six piastres.
  
  ### Araba
  
      (from Arabic: عربة ʿarabah or the Turkish loan form araba, arba or aroba). A horse-driven carriage.
  
  ### Arnaut
  
      from Turkish arnavut, "an Albanian". An inhabitant of Albania and neighboring mountainous regions, especially an Albanian serving in the Turkish army.
  
  ### Aslan
  
      from Turkish Aslan, "lion".
  
  ### Astrakhan
  
      from Astrakhan, Russia, which is from Tatar or Kazakh hadžitarkhan, or As-tarxan (tarkhan of As or Alans) Karakul sheep of Russian origin or a cloth with a pile resembling karakul.
  
  ### Atabeg
  
      from Turkic atabeg, from ata, "a father" + beg "a prince".
  
  ### Atabek
  
      from Turkic, an alternative form of Atabeg.
  
  ### Ataghan
  
      from Turkish yatağan, an alternative form of yatagan.
  
  ### Ataman
  
      from Russian, from South Turkic ataman, "leader of an armed band" : ata, "father" + -man, augmentative suffix.
  
  ### Aul
  
      Russian, from the Tatar, Kyrgyz and Kazakh languages.
  
  ### Ayran
  
      see Airan
  
  ## B
  
  ### Bahadur
  
      from Hindi bahādur "brave, brave person", from Persian, probably from Mongolian, cf. Classical Mongolian baγatur, which is from Turkic, perhaps originally a Turkic personal name.
  
  ### Bairam
  
      from Turkish bayram, literally "a festival"
  
  ### Baklava
  
      from Turkish baklava
  
  ### Balaclava
  
      from Balaklava, village in the Crimea, which is from Turkish balıklava. A hoodlike knitted cap covering the head, neck, and part of the shoulders and worn especially by soldiers and mountaineers.
  
  ### Balalaika
  
      from Russian balalaika, of Turkic origin.
  
  ### Balkan
  
      from Turkish balkan "a mountain chain", relating to the states of the Balkan Peninsula, or their peoples, languages, or cultures.
  
  ### Bamia
  
      from Turkish bamya.
  
  ### Ban
  
      from Romanian, from Serbo-Croatian ban, "lord", which is from Turkic bayan, "very rich person" : bay, "rich" + -an, intensive suff.
  
  ### Barbotte
  
      from Canadian French barbotte, which is from Turkish barbut. A dice game.
  
  ### Barchan/Barkhan
  
      from Russian, which is from Kirghiz barkhan. A moving sand dune shaped like a crescent and found in several very dry regions of the world
  
  ### Bashaw
  
      from Turkish başa, a variant of pasha
  
  ### Bashi-bazouk
  
      from Turkish başıbozuk
  
  ### Bashlyk
  
      from Turkish başlık, "a hood", from baş, "a head"
  
  ### Batman
  
      from Turkish batman. Any of various old Persian or Turkish units of weight
  
  ### Beetewk
  
      from Russian bityug, bityuk, which is from Turkic bitük, akin to Chagatai bitü, Uzbek bitäü. A Russian breed of heavy draft horses.
  
  ### Beg
  
      from Turkic beg, an alternative form of bey
  
  ### Beglerbeg
  
      from Turkish beylerbeyi, a variant of beylerbey
  
  ### Begum
  
      from Urdu begam, which is from East Turkic begüm
  
  ### Behcet
  
      from the name of Turkish scientist Hulusi Behçet, a multisystem, chronic recurrent disease.
  
  ### Bektashi
  
      from Turkish bektaşi
  
  ### Bergamot
  
      from French bergamote, from Italian bergamotta, ultimately from Turkish bey armudu, literally, "the bey's pear"
  
  ### Bey
  
      from Turkish bey
  
  ### Beylerbey
  
      from Turkish beylerbeyi
  
  ### Beylik
  
      from Turkish beylik
  
  ### Binbashi
  
      from Turkish binbaşı, "chief of a thousand", bin "thousand" + bash "head". (Mil.) A major in the Turkish army.
  
  ### Bogatyr
  
      from Russian bogatyr "hero, athlete, warrior", from Old Russian bogatyri, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish batur "brave"
  
  ### Borek
  
      from Turkish börek, ultimately from root bur-, "twisted"
  
  ### Borunduk
  
      from Russian burunduk, which is from Mari uromdok or from Turkic burunduk. A Siberian ground squirrel.
  
  ### Bosa or boza
  
      from Turkish boza, a fermented drink
  
  ### Bosh
  
      from Turkish boş, which means "nonsense, empty" (Bosh on wiktionary)
  
  ### Bostanji
  
      from Turkish bostancı, literally "a gardener"
  
  ### Bouzouki
  
      from modern Greek mpouzoúki, which is from Turkish bozuk "broken, ruined, depraved" or büzük "constricted, puckered".
  
  ### Boyar
  
      from Russian boyarin, from Old Russian boljarin, from Turkic baylar, plural of bay, "rich"; akin to Turkish bay, "rich, gentleman".
  
  ### Bridge game
  
      the word came into English from the Russian word, biritch, which in turn originates from a Turkic word for "bugler" (in modern Turkish: borucu, borazancı) or might have come from a Turkish term bir, üç, or "one, three"
  
  ### Bugger
  
      from Middle English bougre, "heretic", from Old French boulgre, from Medieval Latin Bulgarus, from Greek Boulgaros, "Bulgarian", probably ultimately from Turkic bulghar, "of mixed origin, promiscuous" or "rebels", from bulgamaq, "to mix, stir, stir up".
  
  ### Bulgar
  
      from Bolgar, Bolghar, former kingdom on the Volga river around Kazan (see bugger). A Russia leather originally from Bolgar.
  
  ### Bulgur
  
      from Turkish bulgur, which means "pounded wheat"
  
  ### Buran
  
      from Russian buran, of Turkic origin, probably from Tatar buran
  
  ### Burka
  
      from Russian, probably from buryi "dark brown (of a horse)", probably of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish bur "red like a fox"; the Turkic word probably from Persian bor "reddish brown"; akin to Sanskrit babhru "reddish brown".
  
  ## C
  
  ### Cafeneh
  
      from Turkish kahvane, kahvehane "a coffee shop, café", from kahve "coffee" + hane "house"
  
  ### Caïque
  
      from Turkish kayık
  
  ### Caiquejee
  
      alteration (influenced by caique) of earlier caikjee, from Turkish kayıkçı, "a boatman"
  
  ### Calpack
  
      from Turkish kalpak
  
  ### Caracal
  
      from Turkish karakulak, which means "black ear"
  
  ### Caraco
  
      from French, perhaps from Turkish kerrake "alpaca coat". A woman's short coat or jacket usually about waist length.
  
  ### Caracul
  
      from Uzbek karakul, an alteration of karakul
  
  ### Caragana
  
      from Neo-Latin, of Turkic origin; akin to Kirghiz karaghan "Siberian pea tree".
  
  ### Caramoussal
  
      from Turkish karamürsel, karamusal, perhaps from kara "black" + mürsel "envoy, apostle"
  
  ### Casaba
  
      from Turkish Kasaba, a small town with 2.000 to 20.000 people in Turkey
  
  ### Cassock
  
      from Middle French casaque "long coat", probably ultimately from Turkic quzzak "nomad, adventurer" (the source of Cossack), an allusion to their typical riding coat. Or perhaps from Arabic kazagand, from Persian kazhagand "padded coat".
  
  ### Cham
  
      from French, which is from Turkish khan, "lord, prince"
  
  ### Chekmak
  
      from Turkish, a Turkish fabric of silk and cotton, with gold thread interwoven.
  
  ### Chelengk
  
      from Ottoman Turkish çelenk, a bird's feather used as a sign of bravery
  
  ### Chiaus
  
      from Turkish çavuş.
  
  ### Chibouk
  
      from Turkish çubuk.
  
  ### Choga
  
      from Sindhi, of Turko-Mongol origin; akin to Turkish çuha "cloth". A long-sleeved long-skirted cloak for men worn mainly in India and Pakistan.
  
  ### Chouse
  
      perhaps from Turkish çavuş "a doorkeeper, messenger"
  
  ### Coffee
  
      from Ottoman Turkish kahve via Italian caffè
  
  ### Corsac
  
      from Russian korsak, from Kirghiz karsak, "a small yellowish brown bushy-tailed fox"
  
  ### Cosaque
  
      from French, literally, "Cossack", from Russian Kazak & Ukrainian kozak, which is from Turkic Kazak. A cracker.
  
  ### Cossack
  
      from Turkic quzzaq which means "adventurer, guerilla, nomad" (Cossack on wiktionary)
  
  ## D
  
  ### Desemer
  
      from German, from Low German, alteration of Middle Low German bisemer, besemer, of Baltic origin; akin to Lithuanian bezmnas, of Slavic origin; akin to Old East Slavic bezmenu "desemer, small weight", Polish bezmian, przezmian "balance without pans", perhaps of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish batman "small weight". An ancient balance.
  
  ### Devshirmeh
  
      from Turkish devşirme, which means "gathering"
  
  ### Dey
  
      from Turkish dayı, literally "a maternal uncle"
  
  ### Dolma
  
      from Turkish dolma, which means "filled" or "stuffed"
  
  ### Dolman
  
      ultimately from Turkish dolaman, a robe, from dolamak "to wind"
  
  ### Dolmus, also Dolmush
  
      from Turkish dolmuş, a share taxi
  
  ### Domra
  
      from Kazakh dombra, a musical instrument
  
  ### Doner kebab
  
      (Canadian: donair) from Turkish döner kebap
  
  ### Donmeh
  
      from Turkish dönme, which literally means "a convert"
  
  ### Donum
  
      from Turkish dönüm, an alternative form of dunam
  
  ### Doodle
  
      from German dudeln "to play (the bagpipe)", from dudel "a bagpipe", from Czech or Polish dudy "a bagpipe", from Turkish düdük "a flute".
  
  ### Dunam
  
      from Turkish dönüm, from dönmek "go round"
  
  ## E
  
  ### Elchee or elchi
  
      from Turkish elçi, which means "an ambassador".
  
  ### Eleme figs
  
      from Turkish eleme "selected, sifted". Smyrna figs of superior quality packed flat.
  
  ## F
  
  ### Fez
  
      from Turkish fes
  
  ## G
  
  ### Galiongee
  
      from Turkish kalyonçi, kalyoncu, "a Turkish sailor", from kalyon, Italian galeone + çi or cu, the Turkish suffix.
  
  ### Ganch
  
      modification of Turkish kancalamak "to put on a hook", from Turkish kanca "large hook", modification of Greek gampsos "curved" + Turkish suffix -lamak.
  
  ### Giaour
  
      from Turkish gâvur
  
  ### Gilet
  
      from French, from Spanish gileco, jaleco, chaleco, from Arabic jalikah, "a garment worn by slaves in Algeria", from Turkish yelek "waistcoat, vest"
  
  ## H
  
  ### Hajduk
  
      from Ottoman Turkish haydut, "bandit, soldier"
  
  ### Harambaša
  
      from Turkish haramibaşı, "bandit leader" (from harami, "bandit" + baş, "head")
  
  ### Haremlik
  
      from Turkish haremlik, from harem (from Arabic harim & Arabic haram) + the Turkish suffix -lik "a place"
  
  ### Horde
  
      from Turkic ordu or orda ("khan's residence") (Horde on wiktionary)
  
  ### Hungary
  
      most directly from Latin, ultimately from Turkic, c.f. Onogur.
  
  ## I
  
  ### Imam bayildi
  
      from Turkish imambayıldı, "the imam fainted", an eggplant dish prepared with olive oil.
  
  ### Imbat
  
      from Turkish imbat, a cooling etesian wind in the Levant (as in Cyprus).
  
  ## J
  
  ### Janissary
  
      from Turkish yeniçeri, which means "a new soldier" (janissary on wiktionary)
  
  ### Jelick
  
      from Turkish yelek, the bodice or vest of a Turkish woman's dress.
  
  ### Jettru
  
      from Turkic, a union of seven Turkic peoples of Central Asia formed at the end of the 17th or beginning of the 18th century under one khan.
  
  ## K
  
  ### Kadiluk
  
      from Ottoman Turkish kadı, "judge"
  
  ### Kaftan
  
      from Turkish kaftan (also in Persian)
  
  ### Kaique
  
      from Turkish kayık, an alternative form of caïque.
  
  ### Kalderimi
  
      from Ottoman Turkish kaldırım, "paved road"
  
  ### Kalpak
  
      from Turkish kalpak
  
  ### Kangal
  
      from Turkish kangal or sivas kangal köpeği
  
  ### Karabagh
  
      A type of rug, named after the Karabagh region in the Caucasus.
  
  ### Karabash
  
      from Turkish karabaş, literally "a blackhead"
  
  ### Karadagh
  
      from Azerbaijani Karadagh, a mountain range in Azerbaijan province, northwestern Iran. a Persian rug having a bold design and rich coloring.
  
  ### Karagane
  
      from Russian karagan, which is from Turkic karagan. A species of gray fox found in Russia.
  
  ### Karakul
  
      from Uzbek karakul, literally a village in Uzbekistan
  
  ### Karakurt
  
      from Russian, of Turkic origin, karakurt, "a venomous spider".
  
  ### Kasseri
  
      from New Greek kaseri, from Turkish kaşer, kaşar
  
  ### Kavass
  
      from Turkish kavas
  
  ### Kazak
  
      from Kazak, a town in Azerbaijan, an Oriental rug in bold colors with geometric designs or stylized plant and animal forms.
  
  ### Kefir
  
      from Russian, probably ultimately from Old Turkic köpür, "milk, froth, foam", from köpürmäk, "to froth, foam".
  
  ### Kelek
  
      from Turkish kelek, a raft or float supported on inflated animal skins.
  
  ### Kendyr
  
      from Russian kendyr, from Turkish kendir. A strong bast fiber that resembles Indian hemp and is used in Asia as cordage and as a substitute for cotton and hemp.
  
  ### Ketch
  
      probably from Middle English cacchen "to capture", or perhaps from Turkish kayık "a boat, skiff".
  
  ### Khagan
  
      from Turkic kaghan, an alternative form of khan
  
  ### Khan
  
      from Turkic khan, akin to Turkish han (title meaning "ruler")
  
  ### Khanum
  
      from Turkic khanum, akin to Turkish hanım, "a female derivation of Khan"
  
  ### Khatun
  
      from Turkic khatūn, perhaps from Old Turkic or from Sogdian kwat'yn, "a queen"
  
  ### Kibitka
  
      from Russian, of Turkic origin; akin to Kazan Tatar kibit "booth, stall, tent", Uyghur käbit.
  
  ### Kielbasa
  
      from Polish kiełbasa, from East and West Slavic *kŭlbasa, from East Turkic kül bassï, "grilled cutlet", from Turkic kül bastï : kül, "coals, ashes" + bastï, "pressed (meat)" (from basmaq, to press)
  
  ### Kilij
  
      from Turkish kılıç, a Turkish saber with a crescent-shaped blade.
  
  ### Kiosk
  
      from Turkish köşk, an open summerhouse or pavilion
  
  ### Kipchak
  
      from Russian, which is from Chagatai. 1. One of the ancient Turkic peoples of the Golden Horde related to the Uyghurs and Kyrgyz. 2. The Turkic language of the Kipchaks.
  
  ### Kis Kilim
  
      from Turkish kızkilim, a kind of carpet.
  
  ### Kizilbash
  
      from Turkish kızılbaş, literally "a red head"
  
  ### Knish
  
      from Yiddish, from Ukrainian knysh, probably of Turkic origin.
  
  ### Kok-saghyz
  
      from Russian kok-sagyz, from Turkic kök-sagız, from kök "root" + sagız "rubber, gum"
  
  ### Komitadji
  
      from Turkish komitacı, a rebel, member of a secret revolutionary society.
  
  ### Konak
  
      from Turkish konak, a large house in Turkey.
  
  ### Krym-saghyz
  
      from Russian krym-sagyz, of Turkic origin, from Krym "Crimea", + sagız "rubber, gum".
  
  ### Kulah
  
      from Turkish Kula, a town in western Turkey. A Turkish rug that is often a prayer rug and that uses the Ghiordes knot.
  
  ### Kulak
  
      from Russian kulak "a fist", of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish kol "arm".
  
  ### Kulan
  
      from Kirghiz kulan, "the wild ass of the Kirghiz steppe".
  
  ### Kumiss
  
      from Turkic kumyz or kumis (kumiss on wiktionary)
  
  ### Kurbash
  
      from Turkish kırbaç
  
  ### Kurgan
  
      from Russian, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish kurgan "fortress, castle"
  
  ### Kurus
  
      from Turkish kuruş, a Turkish piaster equal to 1/100 lira.
  
  ## L
  
  ### Lackey
  
      from French laquais, from Spanish lacayo, ultimately from Turkish ulak, which means "runner" or "courier".
  
  ### Ladik
  
      from Turkish Ladik, a village in Turkey. A rug of fine texture woven in and near Ladik in central Anatolia.
  
  ### Latten
  
      from Middle English latoun, laton, from Middle French laton, leton, from Old Provençal, from Arabic latun, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish altın "gold"
  
  ### Lokshen
  
      from Yiddish, plural of loksh "noodle", from Russian dial. loksha, of Turkic origin; akin to Uyghur & Kazan Tatar lakca "noodles", Chuvash läskä.
  
  ## M
  
  ### Mammoth
  
      from Russian mamot, mamont, mamant, perhaps from a Yakut word derived from Yakut mamma "earth"; from the belief that the mammoths burrowed in the earth like moles.
  
  ### Martagon
  
      from Middle English, from Old French, from Old Spanish, from Ottoman Turkish martagan, "a kind of turban".
  
  ### Merdiban
  
      an accounting method used by the Ottoman Empire, Abbasid empire, and the Ilkhanate; from a word meaning "Ladder" or "Staircase".
  
  ## N
  
  ### Nagaika
  
      from Russian, of Turkic origin; akin to Kirghiz nogai
  
  ## O
  
  ### Oda
  
      from Turkish oda, literally "a room, chamber". A room in a harem.
  
  ### Odalisque
  
      from French, which is from Turkish odalık, from oda, "a room"
  
  ### Oghuz or Ghuz
  
      from Turkic oghuz. A group of Turks from Central Asia.
  
  ### Osmanli
  
      from Turkish osmanlı, from Osman, founder of the Ottoman Empire + lı "of or pertaining to"
  
  ### Ottoman
  
      is a form of couch which usually has a head but no back, though sometimes it has neither. It may have square or semicircular ends, and as a rule it is what upholsterers call "overstuffed” — that is to say no wood is visible. In American English, an ottoman is a piece of furniture consisting of a padded, upholstered ...
      from French, adjective & noun, probably from Italian ottomano, from Turkish osmani, from Osman, Othman died 1326, founder of the Ottoman Empire
  
  ## P
  
  ### Paklava
  
      modification of Turkish baklava
  
  ### Parandja
  
      from Uzbek, a heavy black horsehair veil worn by women of Central Asia.
  
  ### Pasha
  
      from Turkish paşa, earlier basha, from bash "head, chief" which equates to "Sir"
  
  ### Pashalic
  
      from Turkish paşalık, "title or rank of pasha", from paşa: the jurisdiction of a pasha or the territory governed by him
  
  ### Pastrami
  
      from Yiddish pastrame, from Romanian pastrama, ultimately from Turkish pastırma
  
  ### Petcheneg
  
      from Russian pecheneg, which is from Turkic. Member of a Turkic people invading the South Russian, Danubian, and Moldavian steppes during the early Middle Ages.
  
  ### Pilaf
  
      from Turkish pilav, and ultimately from Sanskrit pulāka- (पुलाक), "lump of boiled rice"
  
  ### Pirogi
  
      from Yiddish, from Russian, plural of pirog (pie), perhaps borrowed from Kazan Tatar, (cf. Turk. börek)
  
  ### Pul
  
      from Persian pul, which is from Turkish pul. A unit of value of Afghanistan equal to 1/100 Afghani.
  
  ## Q
  
  ### Qajar or Kajar
  
      from Persian Qajar, of Turkish origin. A people of northern Iran holding political supremacy through the dynasty ruling Persia from 1794 to 1925.
  
  ### Quiver
  
      from Anglo-French quiveir, from Old French quivre, probably ultimately from the Hunnic language, kubur in Old Turkic
  
  ## R
  
  ### Rumelia
  
      from Turkish Rumeli, "land of Romans"
  
  ## S
  
  ### Sabot
  
      from Old French çabot, alteration of savate "old shoe", probably of Turkish or Arabic origin.
  
  ### Saic
  
      from French saïque, from Turkish shaika.
  
  ### Saiga
  
      from Russian saĭgá(k), from Turkic; cf. Chagatai sayğak
  
  ### Saker
  
      through Old French from Arabic saqr, probably from Turkic sonqur, which means "a falcon".
  
  ### Samiel
  
      from Turkish samyeli, sam, "poisonous" + yel, "wind".
  
  ### Sanjak
  
      from Turkish sancak, which means "a banner"
  
  ### Sarma
  
      from Turkish sarma, which means "wrapping"
  
  ### Saxaul
  
      from Russian saksaul, which is from Kazakh seksevil. A leafless xerophytic shrub or tree of the family Chenopodiaceae of Asia that has green or greenish branches and is used for stabilization of desert soils.
  
  ### Selamlik
  
      from Turkish Selamlık.
  
  ### Seljuk
  
      from Turkish Selçuk, "eponymous ancestor of the dynasties". Of or relating to any of several Turkic dynasties that ruled over a great part of western Asia in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.
  
  ### Seraskier
  
      from Turkish serasker, from Persian ser "head, chief" + Arabic asker "an army".
  
  ### Sevdalinka
  
      originally Arabic sawda, via Turkish sevda, "black bile". Genre of Balkan folk-music
  
  ### Sevruga
  
      through Russian sevryuga ultimately from Tatar söirök.
  
  ### Shabrack
  
      from French schabraque, from German schabracke, from Hungarian csáprág, from Turkish çaprak
  
  ### Shagreen
  
      from Turkish sağrı, which means "the back of a horse"
  
  ### Shaman
  
      from Turkic word šamán.
  
  ### Shashlik
  
      from Russian шашлык, which is from Crimean Tatar şışlık, which means "shish kebab"
  
  ### Shawarma
  
      ultimately from Turkish çevirme, which literally means "turning"
  
  ### Shish
  
      from Turkish şiş, which literally means "a skewer"
  
  ### Shish kebab
  
      from Turkish şiş kebabı
  
  ### Shor
  
      from Russian, of Turko-Mongol origin; akin to Kalmyk & Mongolian sor "salt", Turkish sure "brackish soil". A salt lake in Turkestan, a salina.
  
  ### Som
  
      from Kirghiz, "crude iron casting, ruble"
  
  ### Sofa
  
      a long upholstered seat with a back and arms, for two or more people.
  
  ## T
  
  ### Taiga
  
      from Russian taiga, of Turkic origin; akin to Teleut taiga "rocky, mountainous terrain", Turkish dağ "mountain"; Mongolian origin is also possible.
  
  ### Taramasalata
  
      from modern Greek taramas "preserved roe", from Turkish tarama "preparation of soft roe or red caviar" + salata "salad".
  
  ### Taranchi
  
      from Chagatai Taranci, literally "a farmer".
  
  ### Tarantass
  
      from Russian tarantas, which is from Kazan Tatar tarıntas.
  
  ### Tarbagan
  
      from Russian, which is from Teleut. A rodent
  
  ### Tarbush
  
      from Arabic tarbūsh, from Ottoman Turkish terposh, probably from Persian sarposh "headdress" (equivalent to sar "head" + pūsh "covering"), by association with Turkish ter "sweat". A tasseled cap of cloth or felt, usually red, that is worn by Muslim men either by itself or as the inner part of the turban.
  
  ### Tarkhan
  
      from Old Turkic tarkan, a privileged class.
  
  ### Tarpan
  
      from Russian, which is from Kirghiz or Kazakh tarpan.
  
  ### Tartar
  
      from Persian Tatar, of Turkic origin. A ferocious or violent person - Latin, from "Tartarus" - evil, hell.
  
  ### Tau-saghyz
  
      from Russian tau-sagyz, from Turkic tau-sagız, from tau "mountain" + sagız "gum, rubber".
  
  ### Tavla
  
      from Turkish tavla, a version of the board game backgammon.
  
  ### Tekke
  
      from Turkish tekke, a dervish monastery.
  
  ### Tenge
  
      from Kazakh teŋge "coin, ruble".
  
  ### Tepe
  
      from Turkish tepe, literally "a hill, summit". An artificial mound.
  
  ### Terek
  
      from Terek, river of southeast Russia, which is from Balkar Terk. A sandpiper of the Old World breeding in the far north of eastern Europe and Asia and migrating to southern Africa and Australia and frequenting rivers.
  
  ### Theorbo
  
      from Italian tiorba, which is from Turkish torba "a bag".
  
  ### Toman
  
      from Persian تومان, which is from Turkic tümen, "a unit of ten thousand".
  
  ### Tovarich
  
      from Russian tovarishch, from Old East Slavic tovarishch, sing. of tovarishchi, "business associates", which is from Old Turkic tavar ishchi, "businessman, merchant" : tavar, "wealth, trade" + ishchi, "one who works" (from ish, "work, business").
  
  ### Tughra
  
      from Turkish tuğra, an elaborate monogram formed of the Sultan's name and titles.
  
  ### Tungus
  
      a member of the Tungusic people; from Russian, from East Turkic tunguz, "wild pig, boar", from Old Turkic tonguz.
  
  ### Turk
  
      from Turkish türk, which has several meanings in English.
  
  ### Turki
  
      from Persian turki, from Turk, "Turk", from Turkish Türk.
  
  ### Turquoise
  
      from Middle English Turkeys, from Anglo-French turkeise, from feminine of turkeis Turkish, from Turc Turkish.
  
  ### Tuzla
  
      from Turkish tuzla, from the name of Lake Tuz in Turkey. A central Anatolian rug.
  
  ### Tzatziki
  
      from modern Greek tsatsiki, which is from Turkish cacık.
  
  ## U
  
  ### Ugrian
  
      from Old East Slavic Ugre, which means "Hungarians", of Turkic origin.
  
  ### Uhlan
  
      from Turkish oğlan "a boy, servant".
  
  ### Urdu
  
      from Hindustani Urdu "camp", which is from Turkic ordu (source of horde).
  
  ### Urman
  
      from Russian, which is from Kazan Tatar urman, "a forest", synonymous with taiga; Turkish word orman.
  
  ### Ushak
  
      from Ushak, Turkish Uşak, manufacturing town of western Turkey. A heavy woolen oriental rug tied in Ghiordes knots and characterized by bright primary colors and an elaborate medallion pattern.
  
  ## Y
  
  ### Yardang
  
      from Turkic yardang, ablative of yar "steep bank, precipice".
  
  ### Yarmulka
  
      of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish yağmurluk which means "rainwear".
  
  ### Yashmak or yashmac
  
      from Turkish yaşmak.
  
  ### Yataghan
  
      from Turkish yatağan.
  
  ### Yogurt
  
      from Turkish yoğurt. (yogurt on wiktionary)
  
  ### Yurt
  
      from Turkic yurt, which means "a dwelling place".
  
  ### Yuruk
  
      from Turkish yürük, "a nomad". 1. One of a nomadic shepherd people of the mountains of southeastern Anatolia. 2. A Turkish rug from the Konya and Karaman regions, southeastern Anatolia.
  
  ## Z
  
  ### Zill
  
      from Turkish zil "bell, cymbals", of onomatopoeic origin.
  