title: List of birds of Yemen
text: # List of birds of Yemen
  
  This is a list of the bird species recorded in Yemen. The avifauna of Yemen include a total of 469 species, of which 10 are endemic, and 3 have been introduced by humans.
  
  This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Yemen.
  
  The following tags have been used to highlight several categories, but not all species fall into one of these categories. Those that do not are commonly occurring native species.
  
  * (A) Accidental – a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Yemen
  * (E) Endemic – a species endemic to Yemen
  * (I) Introduced – a species introduced to Yemen as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions
  * (Ex) Extirpated – a species that no longer occurs in Yemen although populations exist elsewhere
  * (X) Extinct -a species or subspecies that no longer exists
  
  ## Ostriches
  
  Order: Struthioniformes Family: Struthionidae
  
  The ostrich is a flightless bird native to Africa. It is the largest living species of bird. It is distinctive in its appearance, with a long neck and legs and the ability to run at high speeds.
  
  * Common ostrich, Struthio camelus (Ex)
     * Arabian ostrich, Struthio camelus syriacus (X)
  
  ## Ducks, geese, and waterfowl
  
  Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
  
  Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
  
  * White-faced whistling-duck, Dendrocygna viduata (A)
  * Fulvous whistling-duck, Dendrocygna bicolor (A)
  * Greater white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons (A)
  * Taiga bean-goose, Anser fabalis
  * Egyptian goose, Alopochen aegyptiaca (A)
  * Ruddy shelduck, Tadorna ferruginea
  * Common shelduck, Tadorna tadorna
  * Cotton pygmy-goose, Nettapus coromandelianus (A)
  * Garganey, Spatula querquedula
  * Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata
  * Gadwall, Mareca strepera
  * Eurasian wigeon, Mareca penelope
  * Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos
  * Red-billed duck, Anas erythrorhyncha (A)
  * Northern pintail, Anas acuta
  * Green-winged teal, Anas crecca
  * Common pochard, Aythya ferina
  * Ferruginous duck, Aythya nyroca
  * Tufted duck, Aythya fuligula
  
  ## Guineafowl
  
  Order: Galliformes Family: Numididae
  
  Guineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage.
  
  * Helmeted guineafowl, Numida meleagris
  
  ## Pheasants, grouse, and allies
  
  Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae
  
  The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.
  
  * Sand partridge, Ammoperdix heyi
  * Common quail, Coturnix coturnix
  * Harlequin quail, Coturnix delegorguei (A)
  * Arabian partridge, Alectoris melanocephala
  * Chukar, Alectoris chukar
  * Philby's partridge, Alectoris philbyi
  
  ## Flamingos
  
  Order: Phoenicopteriformes Family: Phoenicopteridae
  
  Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.
  
  * Greater flamingo, Phoenicopterus roseus
  * Lesser flamingo, Phoenicopterus minor
  
  ## Grebes
  
  Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
  
  Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
  
  * Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis
  * Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis
  
  ## Pigeons and doves
  
  Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
  
  Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
  
  * Rock pigeon, Columba livia
  * Speckled pigeon, Columba guinea
  * Rameron pigeon, Columba arquatrix
  * European turtle-dove, Streptopelia turtur
  * Dusky turtle-dove, Streptopelia lugens
  * African collared-dove, Streptopelia roseogrisea
  * Red-eyed dove, Streptopelia semitorquata
  * Laughing dove, Streptopelia senegalensis
  * Black-billed wood-dove, Turtur abyssinicus (A)
  * Namaqua dove, Oena capensis
  * Bruce's green-pigeon, Treron waalia
  
  ## Sandgrouse
  
  Order: Pterocliformes Family: Pteroclidae
  
  Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.
  
  * Chestnut-bellied sandgrouse, Pterocles exustus
  * Spotted sandgrouse, Pterocles senegallus
  * Crowned sandgrouse, Pterocles coronatus
  * Lichtenstein's sandgrouse, Pterocles lichtensteinii
  
  ## Bustards
  
  Order: Otidiformes Family: Otididae
  
  Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.
  
  * Arabian bustard, Ardeotis arabs
  * Macqueen's bustard, Chlamydotis macqueenii
  
  ## Cuckoos
  
  Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
  
  The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.
  
  * White-browed coucal, Centropus superciliosus
  * Great spotted cuckoo, Clamator glandarius (A)
  * Pied cuckoo, Clamator jacobinus
  * Asian koel, Eudynamys scolopaceus (A)
  * Dideric cuckoo, Chrysococcyx caprius
  * Klaas's cuckoo, Chrysococcyx klaas
  * Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus
  
  ## Nightjars and allies
  
  Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
  
  Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.
  
  * Red-necked nightjar, Caprimulgus ruficollis
  * Eurasian nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus (A)
  * Egyptian nightjar, Caprimulgus aegyptius
  * Nubian nightjar, Caprimulgus nubicus
  * Montane nightjar, Caprimulgus poliocephalus
  * Plain nightjar, Caprimulgus inornatus
  
  ## Swifts
  
  Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Apodidae
  
  Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
  
  * Himalayan swiftlet, Aerodramus brevirostris (A)
  * Alpine swift, Apus melba
  * Common swift, Apus apus
  * Pallid swift, Apus pallidus
  * Forbes-Watson's swift, Apus berliozi
  * Little swift, Apus affinis
  * White-rumped swift, Apus caffer (A)
  * African palm-swift, Cypsiurus parvus
  
  ## Rails, gallinules, and coots
  
  Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
  
  Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
  
  * Water rail, Rallus aquaticus
  * Corn crake, Crex crex
  * Spotted crake, Porzana porzana
  * Eurasian moorhen, Gallinula chloropus
  * Eurasian coot, Fulica atra
  * Allen's gallinule, Porphyrio alleni (A)
  * Watercock, Gallicrex cinerea (A)
  * White-breasted waterhen, Amaurornis phoenicurus (A)
  * Little crake, Zapornia parva
  * Baillon's crake, Zapornia pusilla
  
  ## Cranes
  
  Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae
  
  Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".
  
  * Demoiselle crane, Anthropoides virgo
  * Common crane, Grus grus
  
  ## Thick-knees
  
  Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae
  
  The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.
  
  * Eurasian thick-knee, Burhinus oedicnemus
  * Spotted thick-knee, Burhinus capensis
  
  ## Stilts and avocets
  
  Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
  
  Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
  
  * Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus
  * Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta
  
  ## Oystercatchers
  
  Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
  
  The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.
  
  * Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus
  
  ## Plovers and lapwings
  
  Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
  
  The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
  
  * Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
  * European golden-plover, Pluvialis apricaria (A)
  * Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva
  * Northern lapwing, Vanellus vanellus (A)
  * Spur-winged lapwing, Vanellus spinosus
  * Sociable lapwing, Vanellus gregarius (A)
  * White-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus
  * Lesser sand-plover, Charadrius mongolus
  * Greater sand-plover, Charadrius leschenaultii
  * Caspian plover, Charadrius asiaticus (A)
  * Kentish plover, Charadrius alexandrinus
  * Common ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula
  * Little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius
  * Eurasian dotterel, Charadrius morinellus
  
  ## Painted-snipes
  
  Order: Charadriiformes Family: Rostratulidae
  
  Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured. There are 2 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Yemen.
  
  * Greater painted-snipe, Rostratula benghalensis (A)
  
  ## Jacanas
  
  Order: Charadriiformes Family: Jacanidae
  
  The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.
  
  * Pheasant-tailed jacana, Hydrophasianus chirurgus (A)
  
  ## Sandpipers and allies
  
  Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
  
  Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
  
  * Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
  * Slender-billed curlew, Numenius tenuirostris (A)
  * Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata
  * Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica
  * Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa
  * Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
  * Great knot, Calidris tenuirostris (A)
  * Red knot, Calidris canutus (A)
  * Ruff, Calidris pugnax
  * Broad-billed sandpiper, Calidris falcinellus
  * Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata (A)
  * Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea
  * Temminck's stint, Calidris temminckii
  * Long-toed stint, Calidris subminuta
  * Sanderling, Calidris alba
  * Dunlin, Calidris alpina
  * Little stint, Calidris minuta
  * Asian dowitcher, Limnodromus semipalmatus (A)
  * Jack snipe, Lymnocryptes minimus
  * Great snipe, Gallinago media (A)
  * Common snipe, Gallinago gallinago
  * Pin-tailed snipe, Gallinago stenura
  * Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus
  * Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus
  * Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius (A)
  * Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos
  * Green sandpiper, Tringa ochropus
  * Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus
  * Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia
  * Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis
  * Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola
  * Common redshank, Tringa totanus
  
  ## Buttonquail
  
  Order: Charadriiformes Family: Turnicidae
  
  The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.
  
  * Small buttonquail, Turnix sylvatica (A)
  
  ## Crab-plover
  
  Order: Charadriiformes Family: Dromadidae
  
  The crab-plover is related to the waders. It resembles a plover but with very long grey legs and a strong heavy black bill similar to a tern. It has black-and-white plumage, a long neck, partially webbed feet and a bill designed for eating crabs.
  
  * Crab-plover, Dromas ardeola
  
  ## Pratincoles and coursers
  
  Order: Charadriiformes Family: Glareolidae
  
  Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.
  
  * Cream-colored courser, Cursorius cursor
  * Bronze-winged courser, Rhinoptilus chalcopterus
  * Collared pratincole, Glareola pratincola
  * Black-winged pratincole, Glareola nordmanni (A)
  * Small pratincole, Glareola lactea (A)
  
  ## Skuas and jaegers
  
  Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
  
  The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
  
  * South Polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki (A)
  * Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
  * Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus
  
  ## Gulls, terns, and skimmers
  
  Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
  
  Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.
  
  * Slender-billed gull, Chroicocephalus genei
  * Gray-hooded gull, Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus (A)
  * Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus
  * White-eyed gull, Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus
  * Sooty gull, Ichthyaetus hemprichii
  * Pallas's gull, Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
  * Common gull, Larus canus (A)
  * Herring gull, Larus argentatus
  * Caspian gull, Larus cachinnans
  * Armenian gull, Larus armenicus
  * Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus
  * Great black-backed gull, Larus marinus (A)
  * Brown noddy, Anous stolidus
  * Lesser noddy, Anous tenuirostris (A)
  * Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscatus (A)
  * Bridled tern, Onychoprion anaethetus
  * Little tern, Sternula albifrons (A)
  * Saunders's tern, Sternula saundersi
  * Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica
  * Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia
  * Black tern, Chlidonias niger (A)
  * White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus
  * Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybrida
  * Roseate tern, Sterna dougallii (A)
  * Common tern, Sterna hirundo
  * White-cheeked tern, Sterna repressa
  * Great crested tern, Thalasseus bergii
  * Sandwich tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis
  * Lesser crested tern, Thalasseus bengalensis
  * African skimmer, Rynchops flavirostris (A)
  * Indian skimmer, Rynchops albicollis (A)
  
  ## Tropicbirds
  
  Order: Phaethontiformes Family: Phaethontidae
  
  Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.
  
  * White-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon lepturus
  * Red-billed tropicbird, Phaethon aethereus
  
  ## Southern storm-petrels
  
  Order: Procellariiformes Family: Oceanitidae
  
  The southern storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.
  
  * Wilson's storm-petrel, Oceanites oceanicus
  * White-faced storm-petrel, Pelagodroma marina (A)
  * White-bellied storm-petrel, Fregetta grallaria (A)
  * Black-bellied storm-petrel, Fregetta tropica (A)
  
  ## Northern storm-petrels
  
  Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae
  
  Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.
  
  * European storm-petrel, Hydrobates pelagicus
  * Swinhoe's storm-petrel, Hydrobates monorhis
  
  ## Shearwaters and petrels
  
  Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
  
  The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
  
  * Trindade petrel, Pterodroma arminjoniana (A)
  * Jouanin's petrel, Bulweria fallax
  * Flesh-footed shearwater, Ardenna carneipes
  * Wedge-tailed shearwater, Ardenna pacificus
  * Tropical shearwater, Puffinus bailloni
  * Persian shearwater, Puffinus persicus
  
  ## Storks
  
  Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae
  
  Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.
  
  * Black stork, Ciconia nigra
  * Abdim's stork, Ciconia abdimii
  * White stork, Ciconia ciconia
  * Marabou stork, Leptoptilos crumenifer (A)
  
  ## Frigatebirds
  
  Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae
  
  Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
  
  * Lesser frigatebird, Fregata ariel (A)
  * Great frigatebird, Fregata minor (A)
  
  ## Boobies and gannets
  
  Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
  
  The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
  
  * Masked booby, Sula dactylatra
  * Brown booby, Sula leucogaster
  * Red-footed booby, Sula sula
  
  ## Anhingas
  
  Order: Suliformes Family: Anhingidae
  
  Anhingas or darters are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.
  
  * African darter, Anhinga melanogaster (A)
  
  ## Cormorants and shags
  
  Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
  
  Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.
  
  * Long-tailed cormorant, Microcarbo africanus (A)
  * Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo
  * Socotra cormorant, Phalacrocorax nigrogularis
  
  ## Pelicans
  
  Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
  
  Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.
  
  * Great white pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus
  * Pink-backed pelican, Pelecanus rufescens
  
  ## Hammerkop
  
  Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Scopidae
  
  The hammerkop is a medium-sized bird with a long shaggy crest. The shape of its head with a curved bill and crest at the back is reminiscent of a hammer, hence its name. Its plumage is drab-brown all over.
  
  * Hamerkop, Scopus umbretta
  
  ## Herons, egrets, and bitterns
  
  Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
  
  The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
  
  * Great bittern, Botaurus stellaris
  * Yellow bittern, Ixobrychus sinensis (A)
  * Little bittern, Ixobrychus minutus
  * Gray heron, Ardea cinerea
  * Black-headed heron, Ardea melanocephala
  * Goliath heron, Ardea goliath
  * Purple heron, Ardea purpurea
  * Great egret, Ardea alba
  * Intermediate egret, Ardea intermedia (A)
  * Little egret, Egretta garzetta
  * Western reef-heron, Egretta gularis
  * Black heron, Egretta ardesiaca (A)
  * Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
  * Squacco heron, Ardeola ralloides
  * Indian pond-heron, Ardeola grayii (A)
  * Malagasy pond-heron, Ardeola idae (A)
  * Striated heron, Butorides striata
  * Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
  
  ## Ibises and spoonbills
  
  Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
  
  Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
  
  * Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
  * African sacred ibis, Threskiornis aethiopicus
  * Northern bald ibis, Geronticus eremita (A)
  * Eurasian spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia
  * African spoonbill, Platalea alba (A)
  
  ## Osprey
  
  Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
  
  The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
  
  * Osprey, Pandion haliaetus
  
  ## Hawks, eagles, and kites
  
  Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
  
  Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.
  
  * Black-winged kite, Elanus caeruleus (A)
  * Scissor-tailed kite, Chelictinia riocourii
  * Bearded vulture, Gypaetus barbatus
  * Egyptian vulture, Neophron percnopterus
  * European honey-buzzard, Pernis apivorus
  * Oriental honey-buzzard, Pernis ptilorhynchus (A)
  * Cinereous vulture, Aegypius monachus (A)
  * Lappet-faced vulture, Torgos tracheliotos
  * Hooded vulture, Necrosyrtes monachus (A)
  * Rüppell's griffon, Gyps rueppelli (A)
  * Eurasian griffon, Gyps fulvus
  * Bateleur, Terathopius ecaudatus
  * Short-toed snake-eagle, Circaetus gallicus
  * Lesser spotted eagle, Clanga pomarina (A)
  * Greater spotted eagle, Clanga clanga
  * Booted eagle, Hieraaetus pennatus
  * Tawny eagle, Aquila rapax
  * Steppe eagle, Aquila nipalensis
  * Imperial eagle, Aquila heliaca
  * Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos
  * Verreaux's eagle, Aquila verreauxii
  * Bonelli's eagle, Aquila fasciata
  * Dark chanting-goshawk, Melierax metabates
  * Gabar goshawk, Micronisus gabar
  * Eurasian marsh-harrier, Circus aeruginosus
  * Hen harrier, Circus cyaneus (A)
  * Pallid harrier, Circus macrourus
  * Montagu's harrier, Circus pygargus
  * Shikra, Accipiter badius
  * Levant sparrowhawk, Accipiter brevipes (A)
  * Eurasian sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus
  * Black kite, Milvus migrans
  * Common buzzard, Buteo buteo
  * Socotra buzzard, Buteo socotraensis (E)
  * Long-legged buzzard, Buteo rufinus
  
  ## Barn-owls
  
  Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
  
  Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
  
  * Barn owl, Tyto alba
  
  ## Owls
  
  Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
  
  The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
  
  * Arabian scops-owl, Otus pamelae
  * Eurasian scops-owl, Otus scops
  * Pallid scops-owl, Otus brucei
  * Oriental scops-owl, Otus sunia
  * Socotra scops-owl, Otus socotranus (E)
  * Arabian eagle-owl, Bubo milesi
  * Little owl, Athene noctua
  * Desert owl, Strix hadorami
  * Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus (A)
  
  ## Hoopoes
  
  Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Upupidae
  
  Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head.
  
  * Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops
  
  ## Hornbills
  
  Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Bucerotidae
  
  Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly coloured.
  
  * African gray hornbill, Lophoceros nasutus
  
  ## Kingfishers
  
  Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
  
  Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.
  
  * Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis (A)
  * Malachite kingfisher, Corythornis cristatus (A)
  * Gray-headed kingfisher, Halcyon leucocephala
  * Collared kingfisher, Todiramphus chloris
  
  ## Bee-eaters
  
  Order: Coraciiformes Family: Meropidae
  
  The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.
  
  * White-throated bee-eater, Merops albicollis
  * Arabian green bee-eater, Merops cyanophrys
  * Blue-cheeked bee-eater, Merops persicus
  * Madagascar bee-eater, Merops superciliosus
  * European bee-eater, Merops apiaster
  
  ## Rollers
  
  Order: Coraciiformes Family: Coraciidae
  
  Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.
  
  * European roller, Coracias garrulus
  * Abyssinian roller, Coracias abyssinica
  * Lilac-breasted roller, Coracias caudata (A)
  * Rufous-crowned roller, Coracias naevia (A)
  * Indian roller, Coracias benghalensis (A)
  
  ## Woodpeckers
  
  Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
  
  Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
  
  * Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla
  * Arabian woodpecker, Dendrocoptes dorae
  
  ## Caracaras and falcons
  
  Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
  
  Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
  
  * Lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni
  * Eurasian kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
  * Amur falcon, Falco amurensis
  * Sooty falcon, Falco concolor
  * Merlin, Falco columbarius
  * Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo
  * Lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus
  * Saker falcon, Falco cherrug
  * Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus
  
  ## Old World parrots
  
  Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittaculidae
  
  Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.
  
  * Alexandrine parakeet, Psittacula eupatria (I)
  * Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri (I)
  
  ## Old World orioles
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Oriolidae
  
  The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.
  
  * Eurasian golden oriole, Oriolus oriolus
  
  ## Bushshrikes and allies
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Malaconotidae
  
  Bushshrikes are similar in habits to shrikes, hunting insects and other small prey from a perch on a bush. Although similar in build to the shrikes, these tend to be either colourful species or largely black; some species are quite secretive.
  
  * Black-crowned tchagra, Tchagra senegala
  
  ## Monarch flycatchers
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Monarchidae
  
  The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching.
  
  * African paradise-flycatcher, Terpsiphone viridis
  
  ## Shrikes
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae
  
  Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.
  
  * Red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio
  * Red-tailed shrike, Lanius phoenicuroides
  * Isabelline shrike, Lanius isabellinus
  * Great gray shrike, Lanius excubitor
  * Lesser gray shrike, Lanius minor
  * Masked shrike, Lanius nubicus
  * Woodchat shrike, Lanius senator
  
  ## Crows, jays, and magpies
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
  
  The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
  
  * Asir magpie, Pica asirensis
  * Eurasian magpie, Pica pica (A)
  * House crow, Corvus splendens
  * Pied crow, Corvus albus (A)
  * Brown-necked raven, Corvus ruficollis
  * Fan-tailed raven, Corvus rhipidurus
  
  ## Larks
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae
  
  Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.
  
  * Greater hoopoe-lark, Alaemon alaudipes
  * Thick-billed lark, Ramphocoris clotbey (A)
  * Bar-tailed lark, Ammomanes cincturus
  * Desert lark, Ammomanes deserti
  * Black-crowned sparrow-lark, Eremopterix nigriceps
  * Horsfield's bushlark, Mirafra javanica
  * Temminck's lark, Eremophila bilopha (A)
  * Rufous-capped lark, Calandrella eremica
  * Greater short-toed lark, Calandrella brachydactyla
  * Bimaculated lark, Melanocorypha bimaculata (A)
  * Arabian lark, Eremalauda eremodites
  * Eurasian skylark, Alauda arvensis
  * Crested lark, Galerida cristata
  
  ## Cisticolas and allies
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Cisticolidae
  
  The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.
  
  * Graceful prinia, Prinia gracilis
  * Socotra warbler, Incana incanus (E)
  * Zitting cisticola, Cisticola juncidis
  * Socotra cisticola, Cisticola haesitatus (E)
  
  ## Reed warblers and allies
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Acrocephalidae
  
  The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.
  
  * Sykes's warbler, Iduna rama
  * Eastern olivaceous warbler, Iduna pallida
  * Upcher's warbler, Hippolais languida
  * Olive-tree warbler, Hippolais olivetorum (A)
  * Icterine warbler, Hippolais icterina (A)
  * Sedge warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
  * Marsh warbler, Acrocephalus palustris
  * Common reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus
  * Great reed warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus
  * Clamorous reed warbler, Acrocephalus stentoreus
  
  ## Grassbirds and allies
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Locustellidae
  
  Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.
  
  * River warbler, Locustella fluviatilis (A)
  * Savi's warbler, Locustella luscinioides
  * Common grasshopper-warbler, Locustella naevia (A)
  
  ## Swallows
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
  
  The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
  
  * Plain martin, Riparia paludicola (A)
  * Gray-throated martin, Riparia chinensis (A)
  * Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
  * Banded martin, Neophedina cincta (A)
  * Eurasian crag-martin, Ptyonoprogne rupestris
  * Rock martin, Ptyonoprogne fuligula
  * Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
  * Red-rumped swallow, Cecropis daurica
  * Common house-martin, Delichon urbicum
  
  ## Bulbuls
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Pycnonotidae
  
  Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.
  
  * White-spectacled bulbul, Pycnonotus xanthopygos
  
  ## Leaf warblers
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Phylloscopidae
  
  Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colours.
  
  * Wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix
  * Eastern Bonelli's warbler, Phylloscopus orientalis (A)
  * Dusky warbler, Phylloscopus fuscatus (A)
  * Plain leaf warbler, Phylloscopus neglectus
  * Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus
  * Common chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita
  * Brown woodland-warbler, Phylloscopus umbrovirens
  
  ## Bush warblers and allies
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Scotocercidae
  
  The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place some genera in other families.
  
  * Scrub warbler, Scotocerca inquieta
  
  ## Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Sylviidae
  
  The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.
  
  * Eurasian blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla
  * Garden warbler, Sylvia borin (A)
  * Barred warbler, Curruca nisoria
  * Lesser whitethroat, Curruca curruca
  * Yemen warbler, Curruca buryi
  * Arabian warbler, Curruca leucomelaena
  * Eastern Orphean warbler, Curruca crassirostris (A)
  * Asian desert warbler, Curruca nana
  * Menetries's warbler, Curruca mystacea
  * Eastern subalpine warbler, Curruca cantillans (A)
  * Greater whitethroat, Curruca communis
  
  ## White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Zosteropidae
  
  The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.
  
  * Abyssinian white-eye, Zosterops abyssinicus
  * Socotra white-eye, Zosterops socotranus
  
  ## Laughingthrushes and allies
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Leiothrichidae
  
  The laughingthrushes are somewhat diverse in size and colouration, but are characterised by soft fluffy plumage.
  
  * Arabian babbler, Argya squamiceps
  
  ## Oxpeckers
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Buphagidae
  
  As both the English and scientific names of these birds imply, they feed on ectoparasites, primarily ticks, found on large mammals.
  
  * Red-billed oxpecker, Buphagus erythrorhynchus (A)
  
  ## Starlings
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
  
  Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
  
  * European starling, Sturnus vulgaris (A)
  * Wattled starling, Creatophora cinerea (A)
  * Rosy starling, Pastor roseus (A)
  * Daurian starling, Agropsar sturninus
  * Violet-backed starling, Cinnyricinclus leucogaster
  * Tristram's starling, Onychognathus tristramii
  * Somali starling, Onychognathus blythii
  * Socotra starling, Onychognathus frater (E)
  
  ## Thrushes and allies
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
  
  The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
  
  * Song thrush, Turdus philomelos
  * Yemen thrush, Turdus menachensis
  * Black-throated thrush, Turdus atrogularis (A)
  
  ## Old World flycatchers
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae
  
  Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.
  
  * Spotted flycatcher, Muscicapa striata
  * Gambaga flycatcher, Muscicapa gambagae
  * Black scrub-robin, Cercotrichas podobe
  * Rufous-tailed scrub-robin, Cercotrichas galactotes
  * European robin, Erithacus rubecula (A)
  * White-throated robin, Irania gutturalis
  * Thrush nightingale, Luscinia luscinia
  * Common nightingale, Luscinia megarhynchos
  * Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica
  * Collared flycatcher, Ficedula albicollis (A)
  * Common redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus
  * Black redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros
  * Little rock-thrush, Monticola rufocinereus
  * Rufous-tailed rock-thrush, Monticola saxatilis
  * Blue rock-thrush, Monticola solitarius
  * Whinchat, Saxicola rubetra
  * European stonechat, Saxicola rubicola (A)
  * Siberian stonechat, Saxicola maurus
  * African stonechat, Saxicola torquatus
  * Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe
  * Red-breasted wheatear, Oenanthe bottae
  * Isabelline wheatear, Oenanthe isabellina
  * Hooded wheatear, Oenanthe monacha
  * Desert wheatear, Oenanthe deserti
  * Eastern black-eared wheatear, Oenanthe melanoleuca
  * Pied wheatear, Oenanthe pleschanka
  * Blackstart, Oenanthe melanura
  * Familiar chat, Cercomela familiaris (A)
  * White-crowned wheatear, Oenanthe leucopyga (A)
  * Arabian wheatear, Oenanthe lugentoides
  * Abyssinian wheatear, Oenanthe lugubris
  * Mourning wheatear, Oenanthe lugens (A)
  * Kurdish wheatear, Oenanthe xanthoprymna (A)
  * Persian wheatear, Oenanthe chrysopygia (A)
  
  ## Hypocolius
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Hypocoliidae
  
  The grey hypocolius is a small Middle Eastern bird with the shape and soft plumage of a waxwing. They are mainly a uniform grey colour except the males have a black triangular mask around their eyes.
  
  * Hypocolius, Hypocolius ampelinus (A)
  
  ## Sunbirds and spiderhunters
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Nectariniidae
  
  The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed.
  
  * Nile Valley sunbird, Hedydipna metallica
  * Socotra sunbird, Chalcomitra balfouri (E)
  * Palestine sunbird, Cinnyris oseus
  * Shining sunbird, Cinnyris habessinicus
  
  ## Weavers and allies
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Ploceidae
  
  The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season.
  
  * Lesser masked-weaver, Ploceus intermedius (I)
  * Rüppell's weaver, Ploceus galbula
  
  ## Waxbills and allies
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae
  
  The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.
  
  * Black-and-white mannikin, Spermestes bicolor
  * African silverbill, Euodice cantans
  * Arabian waxbill, Estrilda rufibarba
  * Zebra waxbill, Amandava subflava
  * Green-winged pytilia, Pytilia melba
  
  ## Accentors
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Prunellidae
  
  The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows.
  
  * Radde's accentor, Prunella ocularis
  
  ## Old World sparrows
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
  
  Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
  
  * House sparrow, Passer domesticus
  * Abd al-Kuri sparrow, Passer hemileucus (E)
  * Socotra sparrow, Passer insularis (E)
  * Arabian golden sparrow, Passer euchlorus
  * Sahel bush sparrow, Gymnoris dentata
  * Pale rockfinch, Carpospiza brachydactyla
  
  ## Wagtails and pipits
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
  
  Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.
  
  * Gray wagtail, Motacilla cinerea
  * Western yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava
  * Citrine wagtail, Motacilla citreola
  * White wagtail, Motacilla alba
  * Richard's pipit, Anthus richardi
  * African pipit, Anthus cinnamomeus
  * Long-billed pipit, Anthus similis
  * Tawny pipit, Anthus campestris
  * Meadow pipit, Anthus pratensis
  * Tree pipit, Anthus trivialis
  * Red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus
  * Golden pipit, Tmetothylacus tenellus (A)
  
  ## Finches, euphonias, and allies
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
  
  Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
  
  * Trumpeter finch, Bucanetes githagineus
  * Arabian grosbeak, Rhynchostruthus percivali
  * Socotra grosbeak, Rhynchostruthus socotranus (E)
  * Olive-rumped serin, Crithagra rothschildi
  * Yemen serin, Crithagra menachensis (E)
  * Yemen linnet, Linaria yemenensis (E)
  
  ## Old World buntings
  
  Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae
  
  The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.
  
  * Cinereous bunting, Emberiza cineracea
  * Ortolan bunting, Emberiza hortulana
  * Cretzschmar's bunting, Emberiza caesia (A)
  * Socotra bunting, Emberiza socotrana (E)
  * Cinnamon-breasted bunting, Emberiza tahapisi
  * Striolated bunting, Emberiza striolata
  