title: Piya
text: # Piya
  
  The Piya (Chinese: 埤雅; pinyin: Píyǎ; Wade–Giles: P'i-ya; "Increased [Er]ya") was a Chinese dictionary compiled by Song Dynasty scholar Lu Dian (陸佃/陆佃, 1042-1102). He wrote this Erya supplement along with his Erya Xinyi (爾雅新義 "New Exegesis of the Erya") commentary. Although the Piya preface written by his son Lu Zai (陸宰/陆宰) is dated 1125, the dictionary was written earlier; estimates around the Yuanfeng era (元豐, 1078–1085), and Joseph Needham says around 1096.
  
  Lu Dian arranged the Piya into 8 semantically based chapters that closely correspond with the last Erya chapters 13-19. The only exceptions are Chapter 5 ("Explaining Horses") that is contained in Erya 19 ("Explaining Domestic Animals") and Chapter 8 ("Explaining Heaven") that anomalously corresponds with the first part of the Erya.
  
  | Chapter | Chinese | Pinyin | Translation | Erya Chapter |
  | - | - | - | - | - |
  | 1 | 釋魚 | Shiyu | Explaining Fishes | 16 |
  | 2 | 釋獸 | Shishou | Explaining Beasts | 18 |
  | 3 | 釋鳥 | Shiniao | Explaining Birds | 17 |
  | 4 | 釋蟲 | Shichong | Explaining Insects | 15 |
  | 5 | 釋馬 | Shima | Explaining Horses | (19) |
  | 6 | 釋木 | Shimu | Explaining Trees | 14 |
  | 7 | 釋草 | Shicao | Explaining Plants | 13 |
  | 8 | 釋天 | Shitian | Explaining Heaven | 8 |
  
  The preface explains Lu's motives for defining flora and fauna terminology. Since Song officials changed the basis for the Imperial examination from mastering poetry to jingyi (經義/经义 "expounding on a classical quotation"), literati no longer studied the lyrical names for plants and animals.
  
  