title: Ministry of Transportation Building, Jakarta
text: # Ministry of Transportation Building, Jakarta
  
  The Indonesian Ministry of Transportation Building is a historic building and a cultural property located in Jakarta, Indonesia. The building is currently the headquarter of the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation. The building, established as the headquarter of the Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij (KPM), was the first project of AIA Bureau, the biggest architecture consultant in the Dutch East Indies.
  
  ## History
  
  In 1914, Frans Ghijsels designed the Petamboeran hospital for the KPM in Petamburan, Batavia, now Pelni Hospital Jakarta. In the same year, the shipping company also commissioned Ghijsels to design the new headquarter for the KPM on a plot of land at Koningplein Oost 5. This project led to the formation of the private architectural consultant AIA (Algemeen Ingenieurs- en Architectenbureau). Ghijsels established the AIA together with architect H. von Essen and contractor F. Stoltz.
  
  The design of the building was prepared by Ghijsels in 1916. The construction of the building took two years in the period of 1917 to 1918. At its completion, the project for the headquarter of the KPM shipping company was considered a huge success and won critical acclaim. After the KPM headquarters project, AIA received many commissions for commercial buildings, making AIA Bureau the most successful architecture consultant in the Dutch East Indies.
  
  During the early period of the World War II, in 1939, the "Protection of the Civilians against Air Attacks" department was formed to protect the civilians from possible air attacks by the Japanese. This department was under the auspices of the State Mobilization Council of the Dutch East Indies. The department formed 18 regional of protection circles within the Dutch East Indies, where Batavia and its surrounding fell under the Air Protection Circle I. The Air Protection Circle I was subdivided into seven sectors, each with several district observation posts known as the "air-watch post". The air-watch posts were set up on tall buildings in the city. In Batavia, the Factorij in the Benedenstad and the KPM Headquarter at the Koningsplein were set to become the air-watch post.
  
  ## Design
  
  The KPM headquarter was designed as a four-storeyed Art Deco building. The building quality is monumental, displaying a symmetrical rigid facade design with a visible balcony on the third floor at the front facade. The building features two towers between the representation front offices. An inner courtyard and the open galleries provided enough cross ventilation for this Indies building, a design principle that would be the core concept of the New Indies Style.
  
  The building was designed in Art Deco. The building is very monumental, displaying a rigid facade design with an attic third floor at the front.
  
  