title: Hymen's Triumph
text: # Hymen's Triumph
  
  Hymen's Triumph is a pastoral play written by Samuel Daniel (1562–1619). It was performed at Somerset House in London on 3 February 1614 to celebrate the marriage of Robert Ker, 1st Lord Roxburghe and Jean Drummond, a lady-in-waiting of Anne of Denmark.
  
  ## Background
  
  John Chamberlain had heard that the queen would pay for the festivities at the wedding and a "Masque of Maids, if they may be found", but no more than £500 for a wedding-gown and a marriage bed because "her maid Drummond is rich enough otherwise, as well in wealth as in virtue and favour." The masque and its setting in a courtyard of the palace on the Strand was described by the ambassador of Savoy, Giovanni Battista Gabaleone. The play was probably performed by professional actors. The wedding feast and Samuel Daniel's masque was said to have cost the queen £3000, and it was an opportunity for her to show off the recent refurbishment of Somerset House, also known as Denmark House.
  
  Hymen's Triumph is regarded as an early example of a play written for performance at a wedding. A manuscription version has a dedicatory sonnet describing the piece as one of the "worthy rites" of Drummond's wedding. It is however possible that the play was primarily commissioned by Anne of Denmark to celebrate the completion of recent refurbishments at Somerset House.
  
  ## Theme
  
  Hymen, goddess of marriage, dressed as a shepherdess, encounters Envy, Avarice, and Jealousy. They resolve to disguise themselves in pastoral costume to frustrate Hymen's plans.
  
  ## Publication
  
  The play was published as Hymens triumph A pastorall tragicomaedie. Presented at the Queenes court in the Strand, at her Maiesties magnificent entertainement of the Kings most excellent Maiestie, being at the nuptials of the Lord Roxborough (London, 1615).
  
  The published work has a dedication to Anne of Denmark. A manuscript version with a dedication to Lady Roxburghe passed into the collection of William Drummond of Hawthornden who donated it to the library of the University of Edinburgh.
  
  