title: Franz Theodor Csokor
text: # Franz Theodor Csokor
  
  Franz Theodor Csokor (6 September 1885–5 January 1969) was an Austrian author and dramatist, particularly well known for his Expressionist dramas. His most successful and best-known piece is 3. November 1918, about the downfall of the Austria-Hungary monarchy. In many of his works Csokor deals with themes of antiquity and Christianity.
  
  ## Life
  
  Csokor was born into a respectable middle-class family in Vienna. (The name Csokor is Hungarian and means bunch [of flowers]). He started on a course of art history, but did not finish it. From early on he felt a calling to be a dramatist, and composed his first pieces before World War I. He spent 1913–14 in Saint Petersburg.
  
  During World War I he was a soldier, and was latterly employed in the War Archives
  
  From 1922 to 1928 Csokor was the dramaturgist at the Raimundtheater and at the Deutsches Volkstheater in Vienna.
  
  From 1933 he was already a decided opponent of National Socialism and signed a document saying so at the PEN congress in Dubrovnik. In 1938, after the annexation of Austria to Germany, he emigrated voluntarily, and after travelling via Poland, Romania and Hungary, ended up in Italy in 1944, where he lived in Rome. He worked for the BBC and returned to Vienna in 1946 in British uniform.
  
  In 1947 Csokor became president of the Austrian PEN Club, with which he remained actively associated until well into his old age. In 1968 he also became vice-president of the International PEN.
  
  As a convinced humanist Csokor spoke up in his dramas for peace, freedom and human rights. His creative life was also closely connected with the Labour movement.
  
  Csokor was awarded the title of Professor.
  
  He died in Vienna, and is buried in a grave of honour in the Zentralfriedhof. The Csokorgasse, a street in Vienna, was named after him in 1975. In 1994 the Austrian Post Office published a special stamp in his honour.
  
  ## Decorations and awards
  
  * 1937 Golden Laurel of the Warsaw Academy of Letters
  * 1937 Gold Cross of Merit (Poland)
  * 1937 Burgtheater ring
  * 1938 Grillparzer Prize
  * 1953 Literary Prize of the City of Vienna
  * 1955 Ring of Honour of the City of Vienna
  * 1955 Grand Austrian State Prize for Literature
  * 1960 Golden Pen
  * 1961 Honorary Member of the Press Club Concordia
  * 1965 Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
  
  ## Works
  
  ### Theatrical pieces
  
  * Die rote Straße, 1918
  * Die Stunde des Absterbens, 1919
  * Gesellschaft der Menschenrechte, 1929
  * Besetztes Gebiet, 1930
  * 3. November 1918, 1936; Ephelant 1993. ISBN 3-900766-07-X.
  * Gottes General, 1939; Ephelant 1993. ISBN 3-900766-07-X.
  * Kalypso, 1942
  * Der verlorene Sohn, 1943; Ephelant 1993. ISBN 3-900766-07-X.
  * Cäsars Witwe, 1954
  * Pilatus, 1954
  * Hebt den Stein ab, 1957
  * Jadwiga, 1966
  * Der tausendjährige Traum, 1966
  * Alexander, 1969
  * Der Kaiser zwischen den Zeiten, 1969
  
  ### Prose
  
  * Hildebrands Heimkehr, eine deutsche Sage, 1905
  * Schuß ins Geschäft (Der Fall Otto Eißler), 1925
  * Über die Schwelle, short stories, 1937
  * Der Schlüssel zum Abgrund, novel, 1955
  * Der zweite Hahnenschrei, short stories, 1959
  * Ein paar Schaufeln Erde, short stories, 1965
  * Auch heute noch nicht an Land. Briefe und Gedichte aus dem Exil. With Das schwarze Schiff and Zeuge einer Zeit. Ephelant 1993. ISBN 3-900766-05-3.
  
  ### Lyric poetry
  
  * Die Gewalten, 1912
  * Der Dolch und die Wunde, 1917
  * Ewiger Aufbruch, 1926
  * Das schwarze Schiff, 1945, 1947; 1993
  * Immer ist Anfang, 1952
  
  ### Autobiography
  
  * Als Zivilist im polnischen Krieg, Allert de Lange, Amsterdam 1940
  * Als Zivilist im Balkankrieg, Ullstein, Vienna 1947
     * new edition ed. Franz Richard Reiter. Ephelant, Vienna 2000. ISBN 3-900766-12-6
  * Auf fremden Straßen, Desch, Vienna 1955
  * Zeuge einer Zeit: Briefe aus dem Exil 1933–1950, Langen-Müller, Munich 1955
  * Autobiographical sketch by Franz Theodor Csokor, ca. 1914 for Franz Brümmer; In: Digital Edition of the lexicographic papers from the literary estate of Franz Brümmer
  