title: A4 polytope
text: # A4 polytope
  
  Orthographic projections $A_4$ Coxeter plane :
  
  * 5-cell
  
  In 4-dimensional geometry, there are 9 uniform polytopes with $A_4$ symmetry. There is one self-dual regular form, the 5-cell with 5 vertices.
  
  ## Symmetry
  
  $A_4$ symmetry, or [3,3,3] is order 120, with Conway quaternion notation $+^1/_{60}[I×I].2_1.$ Its abstract structure is the symmetric group $S_5.$ Three forms with symmetric Coxeter diagrams have extended symmetry, [[3,3,3]] of order 240, and Conway notation $±^1/_{60}[I×I].2,$ and abstract structure $S_5×C_2.$
  
  ## Visualizations
  
  Each can be visualized as symmetric orthographic projections in Coxeter planes of the $A_4$ Coxeter group, and other subgroups. Three Coxeter plane 2D projections are given, for the $A_4,$ $A_3,$ $A_2$ Coxeter groups, showing symmetry order 5,4,3, and doubled on even $A_k$ orders to 10,4,6 for symmetric Coxeter diagrams.
  
  The 3D picture are drawn as Schlegel diagram projections, centered on the cell at pos. 3, with a consistent orientation, and the 5 cells at position 0 are shown solid.
  
  Uniform polytopes with $A_4$ symmetry :
  
  | # | Name | Coxeter diagram and Schläfli symbols | Coxeter plane graphs | Coxeter plane graphs | Coxeter plane graphs | Schlegel diagram | Schlegel diagram | Net |
  | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  | # | Name | Coxeter diagram and Schläfli symbols | $A_4$ [5] | $A_3$ [4] | $A_2$ [3] | Tetrahedron centered | Dual tetrahedron centered | Net |
  | 1 | 5-cell pentachoron | {3,3,3} | | | | | | |
  | 2 | rectified 5-cell | r{3,3,3} | | | | | | |
  | 3 | truncated 5-cell | t{3,3,3} | | | | | | |
  | 4 | cantellated 5-cell | rr{3,3,3} | | | | | | |
  | 7 | cantitruncated 5-cell | tr{3,3,3} | | | | | | |
  | 8 | runcitruncated 5-cell | $t_{0,1,3}{3,3,3}$ | | | | | | |
  
  Uniform polytopes with extended $A_4$ symmetry :
  
  | # | Name | Coxeter diagram and Schläfli symbols | Coxeter plane graphs | Coxeter plane graphs | Coxeter plane graphs | Schlegel diagram | Net |
  | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  | # | Name | Coxeter diagram and Schläfli symbols | $A_4$ [[5]] = [10] | $A_3$ [4] | $A_2$ [[3]] = [6] | Tetrahedron centered | Net |
  | 5 | *runcinated 5-cell | $t_{0,3}{3,3,3}$ | | | | | |
  | 6 | *bitruncated 5-cell decachoron | 2t{3,3,3} | | | | | |
  | 9 | *omnitruncated 5-cell | $t_{0,1,2,3}{3,3,3}$ | | | | | |
  
  ## Coordinates
  
  The coordinates of uniform 4-polytopes with pentachoric symmetry can be generated as permutations of simple integers in 5-space, all in hyperplanes with normal vector (1,1,1,1,1). The $A_4$ Coxeter group is palindromic, so repeated polytopes exist in pairs of dual configurations. There are 3 symmetric positions, and 6 pairs making the total 15 permutations of one or more rings. All 15 are listed here in order of binary arithmetic for clarity of the coordinate generation from the rings in each corresponding Coxeter diagram.
  
  The number of vertices can be deduced here from the permutations of the number of coordinates, peaking at 5 factorial for the omnitruncated form with 5 unique coordinate values.
  
  5-cell truncations in 5-space: :
  
  | # | Base point | Name (symmetric name) | Vertices | Vertices |
  | - | - | - | - | - |
  | 1 | (0, 0, 0, 0, 1) (1, 1, 1, 1, 0) | 5-cell Trirectified 5-cell | 5 | 5!/(4!) |
  | 2 | (0, 0, 0, 1, 1) (1, 1, 1, 0, 0) | Rectified 5-cell Birectified 5-cell | 10 | 5!/(3!2!) |
  | 3 | (0, 0, 0, 1, 2) (2, 2, 2, 1, 0) | Truncated 5-cell Tritruncated 5-cell | 20 | 5!/(3!) |
  | 5 | (0, 1, 1, 1, 2) | Runcinated 5-cell | 20 | 5!/(3!) |
  | 4 | (0, 0, 1, 1, 2) (2, 2, 1, 1, 0) | Cantellated 5-cell Bicantellated 5-cell | 30 | 5!/(2!2!) |
  | 6 | (0, 0, 1, 2, 2) | Bitruncated 5-cell | 30 | 5!/(2!2!) |
  | 7 | (0, 0, 1, 2, 3) (3, 3, 2, 1, 0) | Cantitruncated 5-cell Bicantitruncated 5-cell | 60 | 5!/2! |
  | 8 | (0, 1, 1, 2, 3) (3, 2, 2, 1, 0) | Runcitruncated 5-cell Runcicantellated 5-cell | 60 | 5!/2! |
  | 9 | (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) | Omnitruncated 5-cell | 120 | 5! |
  