title: Ampelovirus
text: # Ampelovirus
  
  Ampelovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Closteroviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 13 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem.
  
  ## Taxonomy
  
  The following species are assigned to the genus:
  
  * Air potato ampelovirus 1
  * Blackberry vein banding-associated virus
  * Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1
  * Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3
  * Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4
  * Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 13
  * Little cherry virus 2
  * Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus 1
  * Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus 2
  * Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus 3
  * Pistachio ampelovirus A
  * Plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus
  * Yam asymptomatic virus 1
  
  ## Structure
  
  Viruses in the genus Ampelovirus are non-enveloped, with flexuous and Filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 10-13 nm, with a length of 1400-2200 nm. Genomes are linear, around 17.9kb in length. The genome codes for 13 proteins.
  
  | Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
  | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  | Ampelovirus | Filamentous | | Non-enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
  
  ## Life cycle
  
  Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are mechanical.
  
  | Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
  | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  | Ampelovirus | Plants | None | Viral movement; mechanical inoculation | Viral movement | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Mechanical inoculation: insects |
  