title: Gynacantha
text: # Gynacantha
  
  Gynacantha is a genus of dragonflies in the family Aeshnidae. The females have two prominent spines under the last abdominal segment. This gives the genus name (from Greek female and thorn) and the common name two-spined darners; they are also known as duskhawkers.
  
  ## Species
  
  The genus Gynacantha includes the following species:
  
  * Gynacantha adela Martin, 1909
  * Gynacantha africana (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805) - Giant Duskhawker
  * Gynacantha albistyla Fraser, 1927
  * Gynacantha alcathoe Lieftinck, 1961
  * Gynacantha apiaensis Fraser, 1927
  * Gynacantha apicalis Fraser, 1924
  * Gynacantha arnaudi Asahina, 1984
  * Gynacantha arsinoe Lieftinck, 1948
  * Gynacantha arthuri Lieftinck, 1953
  * Gynacantha auricularis Martin, 1909
  * Gynacantha bainbriggei Fraser, 1922
  * Gynacantha bartai Paulson & von Ellenrieder, 2005
  * Gynacantha basiguttata Selys, 1882
  * Gynacantha bayadera Selys, 1891 (= G. furcata?)
  * Gynacantha bifida Rambur, 1842
  * Gynacantha biharica Fraser, 1927
  * Gynacantha bispina Rambur, 1842
  * Gynacantha bullata Karsch, 1891 - Black-kneed Duskhawker
  * Gynacantha burmana Lieftinck, 1960
  * Gynacantha calliope Lieftinck, 1953
  * Gynacantha calypso Ris, 1915
  * Gynacantha cattienensis Kompier & Holden, 2017
  * Gynacantha caudata Karsch, 1891
  * Gynacantha chaplini Khan, 2021
  * Gynacantha chelifera McLachlan, 1895
  * Gynacantha comorensis Couteyen & Papazian, 2009
  * Gynacantha constricta Hämäläinen, 1991
  * Gynacantha convergens Förster, 1908
  * Gynacantha corbeti Lempert, 1999
  * Gynacantha croceipennis Martin, 1897
  * Gynacantha cylindrata Karsch, 1891 - Greater girdled Duskhawker
  * Gynacantha demeter Ris, 1911
  * Gynacantha dobsoni Fraser, 1951 – lesser duskhawker
  * Gynacantha dohrni Krüger, 1899
  * Gynacantha dravida Lieftinck, 1960
  * Gynacantha ereagris Gundlach, 1888
  * Gynacantha francesca (Martin, 1909)
  * Gynacantha furcata Rambur, 1842
  * Gynacantha gracilis (Burmeister, 1839)
  * Gynacantha helenga Williamson & Williamson, 1930
  * Gynacantha hova Fraser, 1956
  * Gynacantha hyalina Selys, 1882
  * Gynacantha immaculifrons Fraser, 1956 - Pale Duskhawker
  * Gynacantha incisura Fraser, 1935
  * Gynacantha interioris Williamson, 1923
  * Gynacantha japonica Bartenev, 1909
  * Gynacantha jessei Williamson, 1923
  * Gynacantha khasiaca McLachlan, 1896
  * Gynacantha kirbyi Krüger, 1898 – slender duskhawker
  * Gynacantha klagesi Williamson, 1923
  * Gynacantha laticeps Williamson, 1923
  * Gynacantha limbalis Karsch, 1892
  * Gynacantha litoralis Williamson, 1923
  * Gynacantha maclachlani Förster, 1899
  * Gynacantha malgassica Fraser, 1962
  * Gynacantha manderica Grünberg, 1902 – little duskhawker
  * Gynacantha membranalis Karsch, 1891
  * Gynacantha mexicana Selys, 1868 – bar-sided darner
  * Gynacantha mocsaryi Förster, 1898 – paddle-tipped duskhawker
  * Gynacantha musa Karsch, 1892
  * Gynacantha nausicaa Ris, 1915
  * Gynacantha nervosa Rambur, 1842 – twilight darner
  * Gynacantha nigeriensis (Gambles, 1956) – yellow-legged duskhawker
  * Gynacantha nourlangie Theischinger & Watson, 1991 – cave duskhawker
  * Gynacantha odoneli Fraser, 1922
  * Gynacantha pasiphae Lieftinck, 1948
  * Gynacantha penelope Ris, 1915
  * Gynacantha phaeomeria Lieftinck, 1960
  * Gynacantha radama Fraser, 1956
  * Gynacantha rammohani Mitra & Lahiri, 1975
  * Gynacantha remartinia Navás, 1934
  * Gynacantha risi Laidlaw, 1931
  * Gynacantha rolandmuelleri Hämäläinen, 1991
  * Gynacantha rosenbergi Kaup in Brauer, 1867 – grey duskhawker
  * Gynacantha rotundata Navás, 1930
  * Gynacantha ryukyuensis Asahina, 1962
  * Gynacantha saltatrix Martin, 1909
  * Gynacantha sextans McLachlan, 1896 - Dark-rayed Duskhawker
  * Gynacantha stenoptera Lieftinck, 1934
  * Gynacantha stevensoni Fraser, 1927
  * Gynacantha stylata Martin, 1896
  * Gynacantha subinterrupta Rambur, 1842
  * Gynacantha tenuis Martin, 1909
  * Gynacantha tibiata Karsch, 1891
  * Gynacantha usambarica Sjöstedt, 1909 – Usambara duskhawker
  * Gynacantha vargasi Haber, 2019
  * Gynacantha vesiculata Karsch, 1891
  * Gynacantha villosa Grünberg, 1902 – hairy duskhawker
  