title: Hanseniaspora
text: # Hanseniaspora
  
  Hanseniaspora is a genus of yeasts. The name Kloeckera is applied to its anamorph form. They are typically apiculate (lemon-shaped) in shape and often found in grape musts pre-fermentation.
  
  The genus name Hanseniaspora honours Emil Christian Hansen (1842–1909), who was a Danish mycologist and fermentation physiologist. It was initially circumscribed by H. Zikes in 1911, but not validly published. Albert Klöcker published the name validly the following year.
  
  The genus is notable for its loss of many highly conserved genes responsible for cell cycle regulation and genome integrity, resulting in increased evolution rates and genome size reduction. It can be divided into two lineages: a faster-evolving lineage (FEL) diversifying about 87 mya, and a slower one diversifying about 52 mya. The FEL has more of such gene losses, resulting in more dramatic changes in the genome and inactivation of multiple metabolic pathways. However, it has managed to diversity and thrive, showing that life can function without such regulation.
  
  ## Species
  
  * Hanseniaspora clermontiae Čadež et al. (2003)
  * Hanseniaspora gamundiae Libkind, Čadež & Hittinger 2019)
  * Hanseniaspora guilliermondii Pijper (1928)
  * Hanseniaspora lachancei Čadež et al. (2003)
  * Hanseniaspora meyeri Čadež et al. (2003)
  * Hanseniaspora occidentalis M.T.Smith (1974)
  * Hanseniaspora opuntiae Čadež et al. (2003)
  * Hanseniaspora osmophila (Niehaus) Phaff et al. (1956)
  * Hanseniaspora pseudoguilliermondii Čadež et al. (2006)
  * Hanseniaspora uvarum (Niehaus) Shehata et al. (1984)
  * Hanseniaspora valbyensis Klöcker (1912)
  * Hanseniaspora vineae van der Walt & Tscheuschner (1957)
  