title: Slice genus
text: # Slice genus
  
  In mathematics, the slice genus of a smooth knot K in $S^3$ (sometimes called its Murasugi genus or 4-ball genus) is the least integer g such that K is the boundary of a connected, orientable 2-manifold S of genus g properly embedded in the 4-ball $D^4$ bounded by $S^3.$
  
  More precisely, if S is required to be smoothly embedded, then this integer g is the smooth slice genus of K and is often denoted $g_s(K)$ or $g_4(K),$ whereas if S is required only to be topologically locally flatly embedded then g is the topologically locally flat slice genus of K. (There is no point considering g if S is required only to be a topological embedding, since the cone on K is a 2-disk with genus 0.) There can be an arbitrarily great difference between the smooth and the topologically locally flat slice genus of a knot; a theorem of Michael Freedman says that if the Alexander polynomial of K is 1, then the topologically locally flat slice genus of K is 0, but it can be proved in many ways (originally with gauge theory) that for every g there exist knots K such that the Alexander polynomial of K is 1 while the genus and the smooth slice genus of K both equal g.
  
  The (smooth) slice genus of a knot K is bounded below by a quantity involving the Thurston–Bennequin invariant of K:
  
      $g_{s}(K)\geq ({\rm {TB}}(K)+1)/2.\,$
  
  The (smooth) slice genus is zero if and only if the knot is concordant to the unknot.
  
  