title: Yeast mitochondrial code
text: # Yeast mitochondrial code
  
  The yeast mitochondrial code (translation table 3) is a genetic code used by the mitochondrial genome of yeasts, notably Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, Hansenula saturnus, and Kluyveromyces thermotolerans.
  
  ## The code
  
      AAs = FFLLSSSSYY**CCWWTTTTPPPPHHQQRRRRIIMMTTTTNNKKSSRRVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG
      Starts = ---M---------------M---------------M---------------M------------
      Base1 = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
      Base2 = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG
      Base3 = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG
  
  Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
  
  Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (Lys, K), Methionine (Met, M), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P), Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tryptophan (Trp, W), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), Valine (Val, V).
  
  ## Differences from the standard code
  
  | DNA codons | RNA codons | This code (3) | Standard code (1) |
  | - | - | - | - |
  | ATA | AUA | Met (M) | Ile (I) |
  | CTT | CUU | Thr (T) | Leu (L) |
  | CTC | CUC | Thr (T) | Leu (L) |
  | CTA | CUA | Thr (T) | Leu (L) |
  | CTG | CUG | Thr (T) | Leu (L) |
  | TGA | UGA | Trp (W) | STOP = Ter (*) |
  | CGA | CGA | Absent | Arg (R) |
  | CGC | CGC | Absent | Arg (R) |
  
  * The remaining CGN codons are rare in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and absent in Candida glabrata.
  * The AUA codon is common in the gene var1 coding for the single mitochondrial ribosomal protein, but rare in genes encoding the enzymes.
  * The coding assignments of the AUA (Met or Ile) and CUU (possibly Leu, not Thr) are uncertain in Hansenula saturnus.
  * The coding assignment of Thr to CUN is uncertain in Kluyveromyces thermotolerans.
  