title: Wrapping (graphics)
text: # Wrapping (graphics)
  
  In computer graphics, wrapping is the process of limiting a position to an area. A good example of wrapping is wallpaper, a single pattern repeated indefinitely over a wall. Wrapping is used in 3D computer graphics to repeat a texture over a polygon, eliminating the need for large textures or multiple polygons.
  
  To wrap a position x to an area of width w, calculate the value $x'=x{\text{ mod }}w$.
  
  ## Implementation
  
  For computational purposes the wrapped value x' of x can be expressed as
  
      $x'=x-\lfloor (x-x_{\text{min}})/(x_{\text{max}}-x_{\text{min}})\rfloor \cdot (x_{\text{max}}-x_{\text{min}})$
  
  where $x_{\text{max}}$ is the highest value in the range, and $x_{\text{min}}$ is the lowest value in the range.
  
  Pseudocode for wrapping of a value to a range other than 0–1 is
  
  Pseudocode for wrapping of a value to a range of 0–1 is
  
  Pseudocode for wrapping of a value to a range of 0–1 without branching is,
  
  ## See also text wrapping
  
  * Clamping
  