title: Louis-Étienne de Thouvenin
text: # Louis-Étienne de Thouvenin
  
  Louis-Étienne de Thouvenin (1791–1882) was a French Army general. He invented the carabine à tige ("stem rifle" or "pillar breech rifle"), based on a method by which muzzle-loading rifles could be easily and effectively loaded.
  
  