title: Tsubame (supercomputer)
text: # Tsubame (supercomputer)
  
  Tsubame is a series of supercomputers that operates at the GSIC Center at the Tokyo Institute of Technology in Japan, designed by Satoshi Matsuoka.
  
  ## Versions
  
  ### Tsubame 1.0
  
  The Sun Microsystems-built Tsubame 1.0 began operation in 2006 achieving 85 TFLOPS of performance, it was the most powerful supercomputer in Japan at the time. The system consisted of 655 InfiniBand connected nodes, each with a 8 dual-core AMD Opteron 880 and 885 CPUs and 32GB of memory. Tsubame 1.0 also included 600 ClearSpeed X620 Advance cards.
  
  **Tsubame 1.2**
  
  In 2008, Tsubame was upgraded with 170 Nvidia Tesla S1070 server racks, adding at total of 680 Tesla T10 GPU processors for GPGPU computing. This increased performance to 170 TFLOPS, making it at the time the second most powerful supercomputer in Japan and 29th in the world.
  
  ### Tsubame 2.0
  
  Tsubame 2.0 was built in 2010 by HP and NEC as a replacement to Tsubame 1.0. With a peak of 2,288 TFLOPS, in June 2011 it was ranked 5th in the world. It has 1,400 nodes using six-core Xeon 5600 and eight-core Xeon 7500 processors. The system also included 4,200 of Nvidia Tesla M2050 GPGPU compute modules. In total the system had 80.6 TB of DRAM, in addition to 12.7 TB of GDDR memory on the GPU devices.
  
  **Tsubame 2.5**
  
  Tsubame 2.0 was further upgrade to 2.5 in 2014, replacing all of the Nvidia M2050 GPGPU compute modules with Nvidia Tesla Kepler K20x compute modules. This yielded 17.1 PFLOPS of single precision performance.
  
  **Tsubame-KFC**
  
  Tsubame KFC added oil based liquid cooling to reduce power consumption. This allowed the system to achieve world's best performance efficiencies of 4.5 gigaflops/watt.
  
  ### Tsubame 3.0
  
  In February 2017, Tokyo Institute of Technology announced it would add a new system Tsubame 3.0. It was developed with SGI and is focused on artificial intelligence and targeting 12.2 PFLOPS of double precision performance. The design is reported to utilize 2,160 Nvidia Tesla P100 GPGPU modules, in addition to Intel Xeon E5-2680 v4 processors.
  
  Tsubame 3.0 ranked 13th at 8125 TFLOPS on the November 2017 list of the TOP500 supercomputer ranking. It ranked 1st on the June 2017 list of the Green500 energy efficiency ranking at 14.110 GFLOPS/watts.
  
  