title: Makhonine Mak-10
text: # Makhonine Mak-10
  
  The Makhonine Mak-10, was a variable-geometry research aircraft, built to investigate variable area / telescopic wings during 1931 in France.
  
  ## Design and development
  
  In the early 1930s several designers became interested in the possibility of changing the configuration of wings between take off and fast flight. Two routes were explored, the first primarily involving camber and hence lift coefficient reduction and the other a decrease of wing area by span reduction at high speed. The Schmeidler variable wing and that of the Gloster built Antoni-Breda Ba.15 were examples of the first group and the Makhonine Mak-10 of the second.
  
  Details of the Mak-10 are sparse but its novel feature was a telescopic wing which increased the span for take-off by 8 m (26 ft 3 in) or 60% of its high speed configuration. The outer panels retracted into the central ones, their inner ends supported on bearings rolling along one or more spars. The ends of the centre section were reinforced with cuffs. The wing apart, it was a conventional cantilever low wing monoplane, with twin open cockpits, the rear one sometimes faired in, and faired, fixed landing gear. It was powered by a 480 kW (644 hp), three bank, W-configuration, twelve cylinder Lorraine 12Eb engine.
  
  The first flight of the Mak-10 was on 11 August 1931. During four years of development the Mak-10 was re-engined with a 600 kW (800 hp) Gnome-Rhône 14K Mistral Major fourteen cylinder, two row radial engine which gave it a top speed of 380 km/h (240 mph) and the new designation Mak-101.
  
  44 years later, the Akaflieg Stuttgart FS-29 experimental high performance sailplane also used telescopic wings to optimise both low speed thermalling and high speed penetration performance without the added induced drag of camber and area changing flaps.
  
  ## Variants
  
  ### Mak-10
  
      480 kW (644 hp) W-configuration, twelve cylinder Lorraine 12Eb engine.
  
  ### Mak-101
  
      600 kW (800 hp) Gnome-Rhône 14K Mistral Major fourteen cylinder radial engine.
  
  ## Specifications (Mak-10)
  
  Data from Parmentier
  
  General characteristics
  
  * Crew: 2
  * Wingspan: 13 m (42 ft 8 in) retracted 21 m (69 ft) extended
  * Wing area: 21 $m^2$ (230 sq ft) retracted 33 $m^2$ (360 sq ft) extended
  * Gross weight: 5,000 kg (11,023 lb)
  * Powerplant: 1 × Lorraine 12Eb W-12 water-cooled piston engine, 360 kW (480 hp)
  * Propellers: 2-bladed
  
  Performance
  
  * Maximum speed: 300 km/h (190 mph, 160 kn)
  