title: Constitution of Jordan
text: # Constitution of Jordan
  
  The Constitution of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan was adopted on 11 January 1952 and has been amended many times. It defines the hereditary monarchic rule with a parliamentary system of representation. It stipulates the separated powers of the state (executive, legislative and judicial), the citizens’ rights and duties, financial affairs and other constitutional regulations.
  
  ## Background
  
  An Organic Law was promulgated in April 1928 for use under the British mandate. After Jordan gained full independence in May 1946, following the abolition of the British Mandate, a new constitution was formulated, published in the Official Gazette on 1 February 1947, and adopted by the Legislative Council on 28 November 1947. A few years later, the Constitution was liberalized by King Talal and ratified on 1 January 1952. It is generally regarded as liberal, although criticism may arise in regard to the great powers vested in the monarch.
  
  ## Amendments
  
  The Jordanian constitution has undergone a series of amendments, including in 2011 and 2016. In 2021 a series of amendments was introduced, some of which led to a brawl in the parliament. These amendments were aiming to further women's rights and modernize Jordan.
  
  