title: Catharina Serafin
text: # Catharina Serafin
  
  Catharina Serafin, was a Prussian lady who had an enchondroma removed from her cardiac region, leaving the chest wall open except from a thin skin layer. This allowed the German physician Hugo von Ziemssen in 1892 to do the first cardiac pacing experiments ever, giving understanding to how the heart works electrically.
  
  