title: Intermezzo (opera)
text: # Intermezzo (opera)
  
  Intermezzo, Op. 72, is a comic opera in two acts by Richard Strauss to his own German libretto, described as a Bürgerliche Komödie mit sinfonischen Zwischenspielen (bourgeois comedy with symphonic interludes). It premiered at the Dresden Semperoper on 4 November 1924, with sets that reproduced Strauss' home in Garmisch. The first Vienna performance was in January 1927.
  
  ## Background
  
  The story depicts fictionally the personalities of Strauss himself (as "Robert Storch") and his wife Pauline (as "Christine") and was based on real incidents in their lives. Pauline Strauss was not aware of the opera's subject before the first performance. After Lotte Lehmann had congratulated Pauline on this "marvelous present to you from your husband", Pauline's reply was reported as "I don't give a damn". The most celebrated excerpts from the opera are the orchestral interludes between scenes.
  
  His usual librettist up to that time, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, refused to work on the opera and suggested that Strauss himself write the libretto, which he eventually did after having been refused by other writers. This is why the libretto is not in verse but in prose and even mimics the dialect used by the servants in the play, against the more polished German of the principals.
  
  The opera's title is intended to refer to the intermezzi that used to be staged during the intermissions of serious operas during the 18th century, sort of mini-comic-operas, easy to follow with themes usually about marital confusions and other light comedies.
  
  ## Performance history
  
  The UK premiere was at the Glyndebourne Opera on 20 September 1974 (sung in English), with subsequent productions in 1975 and 1983 (with a BBC Broadcast on 26 August 1983).
  
  The first professional staged US production was at the Santa Fe Opera in 1984, translated into English.
  
  ## Roles
  
  | Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 4 November 1924 Conductor: Fritz Busch |
  | - | - | - |
  | Christine Storch | soprano | Lotte Lehmann |
  | Robert Storch, her husband, a conductor | baritone | Joseph Correck |
  | Anna, their maid | soprano | Liesel v. Schuch |
  | Franzl, their eight-year-old son | spoken | Fritz Sonntag |
  | Baron Lummer | tenor | Theo Strack |
  | The notary | baritone | Robert Büssel |
  | His wife | soprano | Elfriede Haberkorn |
  | Stroh, another conductor | tenor | Hanns Lange |
  | A commercial counselor | baritone | Ludwig Ermold |
  | A legal counsellor | baritone | Adolph Schoepflin |
  | A singer | bass | Willy Bader |
  | Fanny, the Storch's cook | spoken | Anna Bolze |
  | Marie and Therese, maids | spoken | Erna Frese |
  | Resi, a young girl | soprano | |
  
  ## Synopsis
  
  Setting: Vienna and Grundlsee during a 1920s winter
  
  The composer Storch is leaving for a conducting tour, and his wife Christine helps him pack, arguing and nagging along the way. Seeking relief from loneliness she goes tobogganing and collides with a skier, a young Baron who befriends her. They dance together at a ball and she arranges for him to lodge in the house of her notary. The friendship is soured when the Baron asks Christine for financial assistance. She opens a letter, supposedly for her husband, from a lady arranging an assignation. She immediately telegrams Storch demanding they part for ever. In tears, she seeks solace in her son's bedroom but he defends his father.
  
  Storch is playing skat with friends in Vienna when the telegram arrives, and is bewildered by the accusations. Stroh, a conductor friend, admits that he knows the lady and surmises that his and Storch's surnames must have been confused. Christine visits the notary to demand a divorce, but he is unwilling to pursue the matter. She sends the Baron to Vienna to gather evidence of infidelity. Packing to leave, she receives a telegram from her husband saying that Stroh will explain the misunderstanding. Even after Stroh's visit she is reluctant to accept the truth. Storch returns home, and an argument ensues. The Baron arrives with evidence that Stroh rather than Storch had indeed known the lady and Christine dismisses him, assured that her husband is blameless. Storch forgives her anger and teases her about her dalliance with the Baron. Husband and wife declare a renewed love.
  
  ## Instrumentation
  
  Strauss scored Intermezzo for the following orchestra:
  
  * Woodwinds: 2 flutes (flute 2 doubles piccolo), 2 oboes (oboe 2 doubles English Horn), 2 clarinets in B-flat (clarinet 2 doubles bass clarinet in A), 2 bassoons (2nd bassoon must play low A in act 2)
  * Brass: 3 horns (in F, E, D, E-flat, and A), 2 trumpets (in C), 2 trombones
  * Percussion: timpani, suspended cymbals, crash cymbals, snare drum, triangle, bass drum, pair of [sleigh] bells
  * Keyboards: piano, harmonium
  * Strings: harp, violins I (11), violins II (9), violas (5), violoncelli (5), contrabasses (3)
  
  ## Recordings
  
  | Year | Cast: Christine Storch, Robert Storch, Anna, Baron Lummer | Conductor, opera house and orchestra | Label |
  | - | - | - | - |
  | 1954 | Hilde Zadek, Alfred Poell, Anny Felbermayer, Rudolf Christ | Rudolf Moralt Vienna State Opera Orchestra, 30 March at the Theater an der Wien | Omega Opera Archive 538 |
  | 1963 | Hanny Steffek, Hermann Prey, Gertrud Freedman, Ferry Gruber | Joseph Keilberth, Bavarian State Opera Orchestra and Chorus | VHS Video Cassette: Lyric Distribution (Legato) Cat: 1818; DVD: Legato Classics |
  | 1980 | Lucia Popp, Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Gabriele Fuchs, Adolf Dallapozza | Wolfgang Sawallisch, Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra | CD: EMI Classics Cat: 7 49337-2 |
  | 1983 | Felicity Lott, John Pringle, Elizabeth Gale, Ian Caley | Gustav Kuhn, London Philharmonic Orchestra | VHS / DVD?: Kultur] Cat: CVI 2024 |
  | 2014 | Simone Schneider, Markus Eiche [de], Martina Welschenbach, Martin Homrich, Brigitte Fassbaender (speaking roles) | Ulf Schirmer, Münchner Rundfunkorchester | CD: Classic Produktion Osnabrück, Cat: 7779012 |
  