title: 1821 in Germany
text: # 1821 in Germany
  
  Events from the year 1821 in Germany
  
  ## Incumbents
  
  ### Kingdoms
  
  * Kingdom of Prussia
     * Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 1797 – 7 June 1840)
  * Kingdom of Bavaria
     * Maximilian I (1 January 1806 – 13 October 1825)
  * Kingdom of Saxony
     * Frederick Augustus I (20 December 1806 – 5 May 1827)
  * Kingdom of Hanover
     * George IV (29 January 1820 – 26 June 1830)
  * Kingdom of Württemberg
     * William (30 October 1816 – 25 June 1864)
  
  ### Grand Duchies
  
  * Grand Duke of Baden
     * Louis I (8 December 1818 – 30 March 1830)
  * Grand Duke of Hesse
     * Louis I (14 August 1806 – 6 April 1830)
  * Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
     * Frederick Francis I– (24 April 1785 – 1 February 1837)
  * Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
     * George (6 November 1816 – 6 September 1860)
  * Grand Duke of Oldenburg
     * Wilhelm (6 July 1785 –2 July 1823 ) Due to mental illness, Wilhelm was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign.
     * Peter I (2 July 1823 - 21 May 1829)
  * Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
     * Charles Frederick (14 June 1828 - 8 July 1853)
  
  ### Principalities
  
  * Schaumburg-Lippe
     * George William (13 February 1787 - 1860)
  * Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
     * Friedrich Günther (28 April 1807 - 28 June 1867)
  * Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
     * Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 1794 - 19 August 1835)
  * Principality of Lippe
     * Leopold II (5 November 1802 - 1 January 1851)
  * Principality of Reuss-Greiz
     * Heinrich XIX (29 January 1817 - 31 October 1836)
  * Waldeck and Pyrmont
     * George II (9 September 1813 - 15 May 1845)
  
  ### Duchies
  
  * Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
     * Leopold IV (9 August 1817 - 22 May 1871)
  * Duke of Brunswick
     * Charles II (16 June 1815 – 9 September 1830)
  * Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
     * Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) - Frederick
  * Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
     * Ernest I (9 December 1806 – 12 November 1826)
  * Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
     * Bernhard II (24 December 1803–20 September 1866)
  * Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
     * Frederick William (25 March 1816 – 6 July 1825)
  
  ## Events
  
  * Prince Ludwig I of Bavaria, wishing to build a monument to German unity and heroism (and the defeat of Napoleon), commissions Leo von Klenze to build a replica of the Parthenon on a bluff overlooking the Danube River near Regensburg, the Walhalla memorial.
  * Ludwig van Beethoven – Piano Sonata No. 31
  * Franz Schubert
     * "Gesang der Geister über den Wassern", D.714; part song for male voices and low strings; Op.posth. 167 (1858)
     * Symphony No. 7 in E major, D 729
  * Carl Maria von Weber – Konzertstück in F minor, for piano and orchestra, Op. 79
  
  ## Births
  
  * 27 January – August Becker, German landscape painter (died 1887)
  * 19 February August Schleicher, German linguist (d. 1868)
  * 1 March – Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German Old Catholic bishop (d. 1896)
  * 17 May – Sebastian Kneipp, German naturopath (d. 1897)
  * 18 May – Eduard von Pestel, Prussian military officer and German general (d. 1908)
  * 17 July – Friedrich Engelhorn, German industrialist and founder of BASF (d. 1902)
  * 31 August – Hermann von Helmholtz, German physician and physicist (d. 1894)
  * 13 October – Rudolf Virchow, German physician, pathologist, biologist, and politician (d. 1902)
  
  ## Deaths
  
  * 20 April– Franz Karl Achard, German chemist, physicist and biologist (b. 1753)
  * 22 May – Johann Georg Heinrich Feder, German philosopher (born 1740)
  * 10 September – Johann Dominicus Fiorillo, German painter, art historian (b. 1748)
  * 14 September – Heinrich Kuhl, German naturalist, zoologist (b. 1797)
  * 21 October – Dorothea Ackermann, German actress (b. 1752)
  