title: List of instruments used in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery
text: # List of instruments used in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery
  
  Instruments used specially in Otolaryngology (Otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery) i.e. ENT are as follows:
  
  ## Instrument list
  
  | Instrument | Uses |
  | - | - |
  | Head Mirror with head band | to focus light into the cavity under inspection; mirror is concave and is used with a Chiron lamp to produce a parallel beam of light; doctor views through the hole (average diameter of mirror is 3 & 1/2" & that of hole is 1/4") |
  | Head mounted lights with head band | to focus light into the cavity under inspection |
  | Chiron lamp | source of light |
  | Katz extractor | to remove nasal foreign body |
  | Bull's eye lamp | source of light; exiting lens is convex and produces a divergent beam of light |
  | Speculum | to dilate orifices and to see inside |
  | •Thudichum's nasal speculum | -do-; short blades ( uses: anterior rhinoscopy - to see the Little's area, ant-inferior part of nasal septum, anterior part of inferior and middle turbinate and meatus, as well as any pathological lesion in the area; also used in certain nasal operations ) |
  | •St. Clair Thompson's long bladed nasal speculum | -do-; long blades ( uses: in operations such as Submucous Resection of the nasal septum ) |
  | •Killian's long bladed nasal speculum | -do-; long blades and with handles; used more operations like SMR & Septoplasty. ( advantage: blade can be adjusted and fixed with screws, to avoid strain due to holding ) |
  | •Lempert's endaural speculum | open the ear canal |
  | •Seigle's pneumatic speculum | open the ear canal and give a magnification; test the mobility of tympanic membrane; see a magnified image of small perforations; introduce medicine into middle ear; perform Fistula test for vestibular function |
  | •Aural/Ear speculum | to fit in and straighten the external ear canal |
  | Lack's tongue depressor | to depress or remove the tongue or other structures from the field of inspection or to view them from all sides; examine oral cavity; posterior rhinoscopy; minor operations; foreign body removal; biopsy ;peritonsillar abscess drainage; retraction of cheek and lip. |
  | Forceps | to hold things |
  | •Asch's septum forceps | used to work on the nasal septum |
  | •Tilly's nasal dressing forceps | for use in the anterior part of the nasal cavity Jmost importantly, anterior nasal packing; larger than Hartmann's, serrated tip & box joint ( uses: all nasal operations; nasal packing; removal of fish bone ) |
  | •Tilly's aural dressing forceps | for use in the ear canal; larger than Hartmann's |
  | •Hartmann's aural forceps | for use in the ear canal; smaller than Tilly's and has a better "biting" action |
  | •Hunter Tod's forceps | for use in the ear canal |
  | •Fagge's aural forceps | for use in the ear canal |
  | •Waugh's long dissecting forceps | used for dissection like on the tonsils, also to catch bleeding points and putting in swabs |
  | •Wilson's tonsil artery forceps | as a haemostat ( same as Negus ) |
  | •Negus tonsil artery forceps | as a haemostat, replaces tonsil artery forceps; used to tie ligature at a depth and ligature won't slip due to its curve tip. |
  | •Peritonsilar abscess forceps | to drain abscesses in the soft tissue adjacent to the palatine tonsils |
  | •Denis Brown's tonsil holding forceps | to hold the tonsil during dissection |
  | •Luc's nasal forceps | used in Caldwell-Luc operation on the maxillary sinuses |
  | •Walsham forceps | used to work on the nasal septum |
  | •Citelli's punch forceps | punching out holes in bones or other tissues |
  | •Henckle's punch forceps | punching out holes in bones or other tissues |
  | Eustachian (tube) catheter | on certain procedures of the eustachian tube or the middle ear like patency test; inflate middle ear and clear eustachian tube blockade; removal of foreign body of the nose; as a suction cannula. |
  | Mirrors | |
  | •Laryngeal mirror | straight mirror for indirect laryngoscopy (seeing the larynx); structure seen are the base of tongue, vallecula, glossoepiglottic fold, epiglottis, pharyngo-epiglottic folds, aryepiglottic folds, epiglottis, interarytenoid region, pyriform sinus, inlet of larynx, supraglottic region, ventricular bands, vocal cord, subglottis and few rings of trachea; used for removal of fish bone, biopsy, anaesthesia of larynx, trachea, bronchi; removal of vocal nodule and papilloma. |
  | •Postnasal/Posterior rhinoscopy mirror (St. Clair Thompson's) | for posterior rhinoscopy (seeing the inner parts of the nose like the choanae) |
  | Bronchoscope | hollow tube to see within the respiratory tract without obstructing respiration |
  | Oesophagoscope | hollow tube to see within the oesophagus |
  | Laryngoscope | used in direct laryngoscopy; video link |
  | Jobson Horne's probe with ring curette | to access or clean the external ear |
  | Tuning forks | for various clinical tests of hearing loss; vibration sense test |
  | Pritchard's politzerization apparatus | video link |
  | Aural/Ear syringe | used to flush out anything like ear wax or foreign bodies from the external ear |
  | Toynbee's auscultation tube | |
  | Otoscope/Auriscope | to examine the external auditory canal and ear drum; used during aural toileting, removal of wax, myringotomy, stapedectomy and to dilate the stenosis of canal |
  | Mouth gag | - |
  | •Doyen's mouth gag | to keep the mouth open, mostly operate the mouth |
  | •Boyle Davis mouth gag | to keep the mouth open and depress the tongue to operate within or through the mouth; operations in which it is used: tonsillectomy, operation of palate, pharynx, nasopharynx. |
  | •Jenning's mouth gag | -do- |
  | Draffin's bipod metallic stand and Magauran's plate | used to hold the Boyle Davis mouth gag fitted head in a particular place. |
  | Guillotine | used in guillotine method of tonsillectomy |
  | Gwyenne Evans Tonsil dissector and anterior pillar retractor | used in tonsillectomy |
  | Snares | - |
  | •Eve's tonsil snare | to remove tonsil - used at the end to minimize bleeding |
  | •Krause's nasal snare | used to remove nasal polyps |
  | •Glegg's nasal polyp snare | used to remove nasal polyps |
  | •Aural snare | used to remove aural polyps |
  | Tonsil knife | used in tonsillectomy.incission of anterior pillar of tonsil in the beginning of operation |
  | Yorke's tonsil haemostatic clamp | haemostatic clamps |
  | Negus' ligature slipper/knot tier | used with Negus's or Wilson's artery forceps to help tie sutures; help to slip the ligature over the tip of Negus or Wilson forceps during ligation of vessels following tonsillectomy. |
  | Negus' artery forceps | as a haemostat; replace tonsil artery forceps; ligature will not slip due to curve tip. |
  | St. Clair Thompson adenoid curette with cage and guard | used in adenoid surgery.held in dagger holding fashion and passed behind soft palate. |
  | Yankauer's nasopharyngoscope | for a direct access or look at the nasopharynx |
  | Yankauer suction tip | double bent sucker; used as a sucker in operations of the mouth |
  | Lichtwitz antrum-puncture trocar and canula | used in nasal sinus surgery; conform presence of puss in maxillary sinus; cytological examination of antral wash out fluid; lavage of the maxillary sinus; introduction of medication and indwelling polythene tube into the sinus |
  | Tilly's antral harpoon trocar | to create an artificial passage into the maxillary sinus through the nose; puncture medial wall of inferior meatuses |
  | Tilly's antral bur | to enlarge the artificial passage into the maxillary sinus through the nose made by the harpoon trochar; dilate and smoothen the antrostomy opening |
  | Freer's double-ended mucoperichondrium elevator | separation of the mucosa from the cartilage in nasal surgery like Septomarginal resectiondisplacement of inferior turbinate |
  | Farabuef's periosteal elevator | used in mastoid surgeries like mastoidectomy |
  | Rose's sinus washing canula | to irrigate the maxillary sinuses |
  | Higginson's syringe | irrigating the antrum,nasal douching for atrophic rhinitis |
  | Ballenger's swivel knife | cutting septal cartilage; SMR operation |
  | Nasal foreign body hook | to remove nasal foreign bodies |
  | Electric drill | for bone drilling |
  | Mollison's self-retaining haemostatic mastoid retractor | used in mastoid surgeries to retract overlying tissues |
  | Staecke's guide and protector | used in mastoid surgeries |
  | Chisel | removing parts of bones |
  | Mastoid gouge | removing parts of mastoid bones |
  | MacEwen's cell seeker with curette | used to curette within the mastoid |
  | Lempert's curette or scoop | removing parts of the nasal septum |
  | Killian's nasal bone gouge | bayonet shaped; removing parts of the nasal septum |
  | Myringotome | used to cut the ear drum |
  | Grommet stapedectomy set | used in surgeries of the ear drum |
  | Tracheostomy tube | used in tracheostomy to bypass the airway above its point of insertion, due to any reason |
  | •Fuller's bi-valve type | metal double tube; used in a new tracheostomy or during closing it for a few days |
  | •Portex type | used in permanent tracheostomy |
  | •Cuffed type | in unconscious patient (single cuff is sufficient); used in permanent tracheostomy (with two cuffs); has a balloon (cuff) that is inflated to occlude the airway around the tube to prevent aspiration of fluids into the lungs |
  | •Jackson's | metal double tube and a pilot |
  | Retractor's (single or double hook) | to retract tissues |
  | Tracheal hooks (blunt or sharp) | used in tracheostomy |
  | Lempert's endural retractor | used in ear surgery |
  | •Jansen's self retaining | self retaining retractor used in mastoid surgery |
  | •Mollison's self retaining haemostatic | self retaining retractor used in mastoid surgery |
  | Tracheal dilator | used in tracheostomy to dilate the cut edges of the trachea |
  | Long gauze pieces | for anterior nasal packing |
  
  ## Image gallery
  
  * Aural or ear syringe
  * Bull's eye lamp
  * Foreign body hook
  * Head Mirror
  * Aural/Ear speculum
  * Hartmann's aural forceps
  * Hartmann's aural forceps
  * Jobson Horne's probe with ring curette
  * Lack's tongue depressor
  * Laryngeal mirror
  * Otoscope or Auriscope
  * Pritchard's politzerization apparatus
  * Posterior rhynoscopy mirror
  * Thudichum's nasal speculum
  * Tilly's nasal dressing forceps
  * Tilly's nasal dressing forceps
  * Fuller's bivalve metal tracheostomy tube
  * Plastic tracheostomy tube
  * Single hook retractor
  * Double hook retractor
  * Surgical sponge forceps
  * Fagge's aural forceps
  * Tonsil artery forceps
  