title: Mailuan languages
text: # Mailuan languages
  
  The Mailuan or Cloudy Bay languages are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken around Cloudy Bay in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.
  
  ## Languages
  
  The languages, which all share about half of their vocabulary, are,
  
  * Domu, Binahari–Binahari-Ma, Morawa, Mailu (Magi), Laua
  
  Bauwaki–O'oku is closely related to the Mailuan languages.
  
  ## Classification
  
  Dutton (1971) said Bauwaki was a link to the Yareban languages. It has greater lexical similarity with Aneme Wake (Yareban) than the closest Mailuan language, Domu. Usher (2020) classifies Mailuan, Bauwaki and Yareban together.
  
  Magi shows evidence of language shift from an Oceanic language in many Oceanic words.
  
  ## Pronouns
  
  Usher (2020) reconstructs the proto-Mailuan–Yareban pronouns as:
  
      sgdupl 1excl *na*ge 1incl *gu*i 2 *ga*ja 3 *e*ema
  
  Ross (1995) reconstructs the Mailuan pronouns as:
  
      sgdupl 1 *i*gu-*ge 2 *ga*[j]a*[j]a, *mee 3 *emu
  
  ## Vocabulary comparison
  
  The following basic vocabulary words are from Thomson (1975) and various SIL field notes, as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:
  
  | gloss | Bauwaki | Binahari | Mailu (Ilai dialect) | Mailu | Mailu (Delebai dialect) | Mailu (Asiaoro dialect) | Mailu (Baibara dialect) | Mailu (Geagea dialect) | Mailu (Ilai dialect) | Mailu (Delebai dialect) | Mailu (Domara dialect) | Mailu (Darava dialect) | Morawa |
  | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  | head | awara | sol | ilolo | moru; uru | moru | moru | moru | ioru | ilolo | moru | moru | moru | din |
  | hair | i'iri | git | liʔimu | limuu | ʔuru | liʔimu | limuʔu | ʔuru | liʔimu | ʔuru | ʔuru | ʔuru | bo |
  | ear | ome | ofi | ʔope | ope | ʔope | ʔope | ʔope | ʔope | ʔope | ʔope | ʔope | ʔope | ope |
  | eye | ni'aba | ni | ini | ini | ini | ini | ini | ini | ini | ini | ini | ini | nikaba |
  | nose | iru | lilim | durumu | durumu | durumu | durumu | durumu | durumu | durumu | durumu | durumu | durumu | dunun |
  | tooth | ni'o | maʔa | maʔa | gagina; maa | maʔa | maʔa | maʔa | maʔa | maʔa | maʔa | maʔa | maʔa | ma'akisa |
  | tongue | meana | koba | goba | goba | goba | goba | goba | goba | goba | goba | goba | goba | goba |
  | leg | doboro | aᵘ | ʔau | | ʔau | ʔau | ʔau | ʔau | ʔau | ʔau | ʔau | ʔau | au |
  | louse | kuma | uma | tuma | tuma | tuma | tuma | tuma | tuma | tuma | tuma | tuma | tuma | tuma |
  | dog | wa'ai | waʔaⁱ | dari | waai | waʔai | dari | waʔai | dari | dari | waʔai | dari | waʔai | va'ai |
  | pig | boro | boro | talae | | boraʔa | boraʔa | boraʔa | boraʔa | talae | boraʔa | natu | boraʔa | |
  | bird | adau | adaᵘ | manu | manu | manu | manu | manu | manu | manu | manu | manu | manu | adau |
  | egg | baka | ulim | muruʔu | muruu | muruʔu | muruʔu | muruʔu | muruʔu | muruʔu | muruʔu | muruʔu | muruʔu | unimi |
  | blood | dana | lala | lala | lala | lala | lala | | | lala | lala | lala | lala | |
  | bone | i sa | gisa | kisa | kisa | kisa | tara | kisa | kisa | kisa | kisa | iriga | kisa | |
  | skin | ofe | ofi | ʔopi | opi | ʔopi | ʔopi | ʔopi | ʔopi | ʔopi | ʔopi | ʔopi | ʔopi | ubu |
  | breast | ama | ⁱama | ama | hama | ama | ama | ama | ama | ama | ama | ama | ama | ama |
  | tree | ana | ʔana | ana | | ana | ana | ana | ana | ana | ana | ana | ana | ana |
  | man | eme | ɛmɛkʰ | egi | egi | egi | egi | egi | egi | egi | egi | egi | egi | emegi |
  | woman | aveka | aveha | avesa | | avesa | avesa | avesa | avesa | avesa | avesa | avesa | avesa | aveha |
  | sky | | | nogara | nogara | nogara | nogara | nogara | nogara | nogara | nogara | nogara | nogara | |
  | sun | evaka | budiwa | nina | | nina | nina | nina | nina | nina | nina | nina | nina | rina |
  | moon | manabe | debaʔaʰ | dovele | dovele | | dovele | | dovele | dovele | | dovele | | deveni |
  | water | ya'a | yaʔah | ʔaʔama | aʔaʔma; mami | ʔaʔama | ʔaʔama | ʔaʔama | ʔaʔama | ʔaʔama | ʔaʔama | ʔaʔama | ʔaʔama | ya'ama |
  | fire | yo | kɛu | eu | eu | eu | eu | eu | eu | eu | eu | badau | eu | eu |
  | stone | oma | bagᵃ | gomana | budi; gomagomana; nabua | gomana | | gomana | gomana | gomana | gomana | korau | gomana | korao |
  | road, path | da'aba | legaʰ | laea | laea | laea | laea | laea | laea | laea | laea | laea | laea | nara |
  | name | ibi | im | omu | omu | omu | omu | omu | omu | omu | omu | omu | omu | |
  | eat | isi | kihi | isiisi | isiisi | isiisi | isiisi | isiisi | isiisi | isiisi | isiisi | ʔiʔa | isiisi | isi |
  | one | dim dai | opmigau | ʔomu | omu | ʔomu | ʔomu | ʔomu | ʔomu | ʔomu | ʔomu | ʔomu | ʔomu | obumiya |
  | two | yara | haᵘřa | ʔava | ava | ʔava | ʔava | ʔava | ʔava | ʔava | ʔava | ʔava | ʔava | hauna |
  
  Additional word lists can be found in Ray (1938).
  
  ## Evolution
  
  Mailuan reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:
  
  Mailu language:
  
  * ama ‘breast’ < *amu
  * maa ‘mouth’ < *maŋgat[a]
  * kisa ‘bone’ < *kondaC
  * tupa ‘short’ < *tu(p,mb)a(C)
  * guia ‘cassowary’ < *ku(y)a
  
  Bauwaki language:
  
  * baba ‘father’ < *mbapa
  * idi ‘hair’ < *iti[C]
  * (ine) ibi ‘name’ < *imbi
  * iini- ‘sleep’ < *kin(i,u)-
  