title: List of local anesthetics
text: # List of local anesthetics
  
  This is a list of local anesthetic agents. Not all of these drugs are still used in clinical practice and in research. Some are primarily of historical interest.
  
  | Drug | Other common names | Image | First synthesis | Dates of clinical use | Chemical/structural class | Duration of effect |
  | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  | amylocaine | Stovaine | | 1904 (Ernest Fourneau) | | ester- benzoic | |
  | ambucaine | | | | | diester - aminosalicylic | |
  | articaine | Astracaine, Septanest, Septocaine, Ultracaine, Zorcaine | | | | Amide | |
  | benzocaine | Anbesol, Orajel | | | | Ester - Aminobenzoic | Short |
  | benzonatate | Tessalon | | | | | |
  | bupivacaine | Marcaine, Sensorcaine, Vivacaine | | 1957 (Ekenstam) | 1963 (Widman and Telivuo) | Amide | Moderate |
  | butacaine | | | | | ester- aminobenzoic | |
  | butanilicaine | | | | | Amide | |
  | chloroprocaine | Nesacaine | | | | Ester - Aminobenzoic | |
  | cinchocaine (INN) | dibucaine (USAN), Cincain, Cinchocaine, Nupercainal, Nupercaine, Sovcaine | | 1925 (Meischer) | 1930 (Uhlmann) | Ester - Aminobenzoic | |
  | cocaine | | | 1855 (first isolation by Friedrich Gaedcke), 1898 (first synthesis by Richard Willstätter) | 1884 (Karl Koller, William Stewart Halsted) | Ester - Benzoic | |
  | cyclomethycaine | | | | | Ester - hydroxybenzoic | |
  | dibucaine | | | | | Amide | |
  | diperodon | | | | | | |
  | dimethocaine | larocaine | | | | | |
  | eucaine | α-Eucaine, β-eucaine | α-eucaineβ-eucaine | 1900. α β | | | |
  | etidocaine | Duranest | | 1971 (Takman) | 1972 (Lund) | | |
  | hexylcaine | Cyclaine, Osmocaine | | | | | |
  | fomocaine | | | | | ester - phenyl | |
  | fotocaine | | | | | | |
  | hydroxyprocaine | | | | | ester - aminosalicylic | |
  | isobucaine | | | | | Ester - benzoic | |
  | levobupivacaine | Chirocaine | | 1990s (Mather and Tucker) | 1995 | | |
  | lidocaine (lignocaine) | Xylocaine | | 1943 (Nils Löfgren and Bengt Lundqvist) | 1947 (Torsten Gordh) | | |
  | mepivacaine | Carbocaine, Polocaine | | 1956 (Ekenstam and Egner) | 1957 (Dhuner) | | |
  | meprylcaine | Epirocain | | | | | |
  | metabutoxycaine | | | | | | |
  | nitracaine | | | | | Ester- Aminobenzoic | |
  | orthocaine | | | | | | |
  | oxetacaine (oxethazaine) | | | | | | |
  | oxybuprocaine | benoxinate, Novesine | | | | | |
  | Paraethoxycaine | | | | | | |
  | phenacaine | Holocaine | | | | | |
  | piperocaine | metycaine | | | | | |
  | piridocaine | | | | | | |
  | pramocaine | pramoxine | | | | | |
  | prilocaine | Citanest | | 1959 (Nils Löfgren and Egner) | 1960 (Wielding) | | |
  | Primacaine | | | | | | |
  | procaine | Novocain, borocaine (procaine borate), ethocaine | | 1904 (Alfred Einhorn) | 1905 (Heinrich Braun) | | |
  | procainamide | | | | | | |
  | proparacaine | proxymetacaine | | | | | |
  | propoxycaine | | | | | | |
  | Pyrrocaine | | | | | | |
  | quinisocaine (INN) | dimethisoquin (USAN) | | | | | |
  | ropivacaine | Naropin | | 1957 (Ekenstam) | 1997 | | |
  | trimecaine | Mesdicain, Mesocain, Mesokain | | | | | |
  | tetracaine | amethocaine, Dicaine, Pontocaine | | 1928 (O. Eisleb) | 1931 | | |
  | Tolycaine | | | | | | |
  | Tropacocaine | | | | | | |
  