title: David Ley
text: # David Ley
  
  David Frederick Ley OC FRSC is a geographer and a professor emeritus at the University of British Columbia. Ley was born in Swansea, Wales, earned his B.A. at Oxford University, and his M.S. and Ph.D. at Pennsylvania State University. He is known for his substantial empirical and theoretical contributions to the field of social, cultural and urban geography.
  
  ## Early life and education
  
  Born in Swansa, Wales, Ley attended the Windsor grammar school and then Jesus College at Oxford University, where he studied Geography and earned a bachelor's degree in 1968. During his undergraduate studies, he conducted a field study in the Weald of Sussex in southern England.
  
  After graduation, Ley moved to the United States and studied at Pennsylvania State University. He began forming his critique of the quantitative, statistical and theoretical status quo within the field of Human Geography. Ley and others felt that the field was unable to address many social issues. He graduated with a PhD. in 1972; his doctoral dissertation, titled The Black Inner City as Frontier Outpost: Images and Behavior of a Philadelphia Neighborhood, was published in 1974 by the Association of American Geographers. This dissertation was one of the first studies to use an ethnographic approach.
  
  ## Career
  
  Following his Ph.D., Ley taught at the Department of Geography at the University of British Columbia, where he served as department head between 2009 and 2011. He was the first Co-Director of the Vancouver Centre of the Canadian Metropolis project, created to research and advise on policy issues of immigration and integration.
  
  ## Contributions to geography
  
  Ley is committed to theoretically informed and ethnographically grounded research, which can be seen in his Social Geography of the City. He sees the merging of quantitative statistics and ethnographic descriptions as necessary.
  
  ### Humanistic geography
  
  Ley helped formulate a counter to positivism and structural Marxism in the form of humanistic geography. In 1976, Ley and Marywan Samuals published a volume of essays entitled Humanistic Geography.
  
  ### Cultural turn
  
  During the 1980s, human and social geography underwent a "cultural turn". Ley’s 1988 editorial, co-authored with Derek Gregory, outlined the potential he saw in a cultural perspective to the field.
  
  ### Gentrification
  
  During the 1980s, Ley began to research gentrification. Ley’s 1990s book The New Middle Class and the Remaking of the Central City, described patterns of urban gentrification in six Canadian cities outlines a demand-side explanation to gentrification, as opposed to Smith’s Marxist supply-side hypothesis. Ley "followed the hippies" who were in line with his humanistic approach to geography.
  
  ## Transnationalism and the Metropolis project
  
  Ley became the first co-director of Vancouver Centre of the Canadian Metropolis Project, a group of academics, policy makers and migrant service providers working to develop policy solutions to rising foreign immigration in Canadian urban centers. Ley has since contributed to research on the effects of immigration and urbanization. His later book titled Millionaire Migrants: Trans-Pacific Life Lines looks at wealthy east Asian immigration, and the effects these migrants have had on the cultural and economical landscape of North American, Australian and New Zealand cities.
  
  ## Recognition
  
  * Fellow of Royal Society of Canada.
  * Canada Research Chair in Urbanization and Cultural Diversity.
  * Pierre Trudeau Fellow 2003.
  * Lifetime Achievement Award by the Association of American Geographers in 2009.
  * Massey Medal 2013
  * Order of Canada (Officer) 2022
  