title: Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien
text: # Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien
  
  Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (1892–) by Adolf Engler (1844–1930) is a complete revision of plant families down to generic level and often even further. As such it forms part of the Engler system of plant taxonomy.
  
  Engler's starting point was that of Eichler who had been the first to use phylogenetic principles, and reflected the new post-Darwinian perspective, although Engler himself did not think that his was. His modified Eichler schema first appeared in 1886 in his Guide to Breslau Botanic Garden (of which he was the director) and was expanded in his Syllabus in 1892. This reflected the new post-Darwinian perspective. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien first appeared in 1892 with the title Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik. Many subsequent editions have appeared since, and it was continued after Engler's death in 1930. The most recent edition was the 13th in 2009. A number of references to the Engler system actually refer to later revisions ('modified Engler system') undertaken by Melchior and colleagues, the 12th edition of the Syllabus, also referred to as the Melchior system.
  
  ## Synopses
  
  Engler's Botanical Ranks :
  
  | German | Latin | English |
  | - | - | - |
  | Abteilung | divisio | Division |
  | Unterabteilung | subdivisio | Subdivision |
  | Klasse | classis | Class |
  | Reihe | ordo | Order |
  | Unterreihe | subordo | Suborder |
  | Fam. | familia | Family |
  | Unterfam. | subfamilia | Subfamily |
  | Gruppe (§) | tribus | Tribe |
  | Gattung | genus | Genus |
  | Art | species | Species |
  
  ### First edition (1892)
  
  Review of previous systems p. xvii Schema p. xx
  
  * Myxothallophyta p. 1
     * Myxomycetes
  * Euthallophyta p. 3
     * Schizophyta
     * Dinoflagellata
     * Bacillariales
     * Gamophyceae
     * Fungi
  * Embryophyta Zoidiogama (Archegoniatae)
     * Bryophyta p. 43
     * Pteridophyta p. 53
  * Embryophyta Siphonogama (Phanerogamae)
     * Gymnospermae p. 59
     * Angiospermae p. 64
        * Class Chalazogamae p. 64
        * Class Acrogamae p. 65
           * Subclass Monocotyledoneae 10 Orders
              * 1. Pandanales p. 65
              * 8. Liliiflorae p. 81
              * 9. Scitamineae p. 87
              * 10 Microspermae p. 89
           * Subclass Dicotyledoneae 2 groups
              * Group Archichlamydeae 23 orders
                 * 1. Piperales p. 93
                 * 19. Parietales p. 138 24 families
                 * Violaceae p. 142
                 * 20. Opuntiales p. 144
                 * 23. Polygonales p. 101
              * Group Sympetalae 9 Orders
                 * 1. Ericales p. 151
                 * 9. Campanulatae p. 173
  
  ### Third edition (1903)
  
  The main groups of plants are shown here with page numbers in (parentheses) and some corresponding volumes in Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien in [square brackets], however there are changes between editions:
  
  Review of previous systems p. xxi
  
  From schema and index (pp. xxiv-xxv)
  
  * I. Abteilung. Phytosarcodina, Myxothallophyta, Myxomycetes (p. 1)
  * II. Abteilung. Schizophyta (p. 3) [vol 1 part Ia]
  * III. Abteilung. Flagellatae (p. 6) [vol 1 part Ia]
  * IV. Abteilung. Dinoflagellatae (p. 8)
  * ? Abteilung. Silicoflagellatae (p. 8)
  * V. Abteilung. Zygophyceae (p. 8)
  * VI. Abteilung. Chlorophyceae (p. 11) [vol 1 part II]
  * VII. Abteilung. Charales (p. 15)
  * VIII. Abteilung. Phaeophyceae (p. 15)
  * IX. Abteilung. Dictyotales (p. 18)
  * X. Abteilung. Rhodophyceae (p. 18)
  * XI. Abteilung. Eumycetes (Fungi) (p. 25) [vol 1 part I]
  * XII. Abteilung. Embryophyta asiphonogama (Archegoniatae) (p. 50)
     * I. Unterabteilung Bryophyta (Muscinei) (p. 51) [vol 1 part III: 1]
     * II. Unterabteilung Pteridophyta (p. 61) [vol 1 part IV]
  * XIII. Abteilung. Embryophyta siphonogama (Phanerogamae) (p. 70)
     * I. Unterabteilung Gymnospermae (p. 70) [vol 2 part I]
     * II. Unterabteilung Angiospermae (p. 75) [vol 2 part I]
  
  **XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**
  
  * I. Unterabteilung Gymnospermae 6 classes (p. 70) [vol 2 part I]
  * II. Unterabteilung Angiospermae 2 classes (p. 75) [vol 2 part I]
     * 1. Klasse Monocotyledoneae 11 orders (p. 76)
     * 2. Klasse Dicotyledoneae 2 subclasses (p. 106)
  
  **XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**
  
  **Gymnospermae**
  
  6 classes (p. 70)
  
  **XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**
  
  **Angiospermae**
  
  2 classes (p. 75)
  
  * 1. Klasse Monocotyledoneae 11 orders (p. 76) [vol 2 part I]
  * 2. Klasse Dicotyledoneae 2 sublasses (p. 106)
  
  **XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**
  
  **Angiospermae**
  
  **Monocotyledoneae**
  
  11 orders
  
  * 1. Reihe Pandanales (p. 77)
  * 3. Reihe Triuridales (p. 80)
  * 4. Reihe Glumiflorae (p. 80)
  * 5. Reihe Principes (p. 84)
  * 6. Reihe Synanthae (p. 87)
  * 7. Reihe Spathiflorae (p. 87)
  * 8. Reihe Farinosae (p. 91)
  * 9. Reihe Liliiflorae (p. 93) [vol 2 part I]
  * 10. Reihe Scitamineae (p. 101)
  * 11. Reihe Microspermae (p. 102)
  
  **XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**
  
  **Angiospermae**
  
  **Dicotyledoneae**
  
  2 subclasses (p. 106)
  
  * 1. Unterklasse Archechlamydeae
  * 2. Unterklasse Metachlamydeae (Sympetalae) (p. 175)
  
  Index (p. 215)
  
  **XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**
  
  **Monocotyledon family structure**
  
  11 orders (Reihe)
  
  **XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**
  
  **Monocotyledon family structure**
  
  **Pandanales**
  
  * Pandanaceae
  * Sparganiaceae
  * Typhaceae
  
  **XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**
  
  **Monocotyledon family structure**
  
  **Helobiae**
  
  4 suborders
  
  * subordo Alismatineae
  
      Alismataceae
      Butomaceae
  * subordo Hydrocharitineae
  
      Hydrocharitaceae
  * subordo Scheuchzeriineae
  
      Scheuchzeriaceae
  * subordo Potamogetonineae
  
      Aponogetonaceae
      Juncaginaceae
      Potamogetonaceae
      Najadaceae
      Zannichelliaceae
  
  **XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**
  
  **Monocotyledon family structure**
  
  **Triuridales**
  
  * Triuridaceae
  
  **XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**
  
  **Monocotyledon family structure**
  
  **Glumiflorae**
  
  * Gramineae
  
      Maydeae
      Andropogoneae
      Paniceae
      Oryzeae
      Phalarideae
      Agrostideae
      Aveneae
      Festuceae
      Chlorideae
      Hordeeae
      Bambuseae
  * Cyperaceae
  
  **XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**
  
  **Monocotyledon family structure**
  
  **Principes**
  
  * Palmae or Arecaceae
  
  **XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**
  
  **Monocotyledon family structure**
  
  **Synanthae**
  
  * Cyclanthaceae
  
  **XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**
  
  **Monocotyledon family structure**
  
  **Spathiflorae**
  
  * Araceae
  * Lemnaceae
  
  **XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**
  
  **Monocotyledon family structure**
  
  **Farinosae**
  
  6 suborders
  
  * Flagellariaceae
  * Enantioblastae
  * Bromellinewae
  * Commelinineae
  * Pontederiineae
  * Philydrineae
  
  **XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**
  
  **Monocotyledon family structure**
  
  **Liliiflorae**
  
  3 suborders (Unterreihe) 9 families
  
  * p. 93
  * Juncineae 1 family (p. 94)
  * Liliineae 7 families (p. 94)
  * Iridineae 1 family (p. 100)
  * suborder Juncineae (p. 94)
  
      Juncaceae
  * subordo Liliineae 7 families (p. 94)
  
      Stemonaceae (p. 94)
      Liliaceae (p. 94) [pages 10–91]
         subfamilia Melanthioideae 6 tribes (p. 94)
            Tofieldieae
            Helonieae
            Veratreae
            Uvularieae
            Anguillarieae
            Colchiceae
         subfamilia Herrerioideae (p. 95)
         subfamilia Asphodeloideae 8 tribes (p. 95)
            Asphodeleae
            Hemerocallideae
            Aloineae
            Aphyllantheae (p. 96)
            Johnsonieae
            Dasypogoneae
            Lomandreae
            Calectasieae
         subfamilia Allioideae 3 tribes(p. 96)
            Agapantheae
            Allieae
            Gilliesieae
         subfamilia Lilioideae 2 tribes (p. 96)
            Tulipeae 6 genera
            Scilleae 7 genera
         subfamilia Dracaenoideae 3 tribes (p. 97)
         subfamilia Asparagoideae 4 tribes (p. 97)
         subfamilia Ophiopogonoideae (p. 97)
         subfamilia Aletroideae (p. 98)
         subfamilia Luzuriagoideae (p. 98)
         subfamilia Smilacoideae (p. 98)
      Haemodoraceae (p. 98)
      Amaryllidaceae 3 subfamilies (p. 98)
         subfamilia Amaryllidoideae 2 tribes
            Amaryllideae (p. 98)
            Narcisseae (p. 99)
         subfamilia Agavoideae (p. 99)
         subfamilia Campynematoideae (p. 99)
      Velloziaceae (p. 99)
      Taccaceae (p. 99)
      Dioscoreaceae 2 tribes (p. 99)
  * subordo Iridineae 2 families (p. 100)
  
      Iridaceae (p. 100)
         subfamilia Crocoideae
         subfamilia Iridoideae 3 tribes
         subfamilia Ixioideae 3 tribes
  
  **XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**
  
  **Monocotyledon family structure**
  
  **Scitamineae**
  
  * Musaceae p. 101
  * Zingiberaceae
  * Cannaceae
  * Marantaceae
  * Lowiaceae p. 102
  
  **XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**
  
  **Monocotyledon family structure**
  
  **Microspermae**
  
  * Orchidaceae
  
  In modern classifications, Engler's divisions I - XI are not considered plants but are classified in other groups (although some botanists do accept Engler's divisions VII and VIII, the "green algae", as plants).
  
  ### Thirteenth edition (2009-)
  
  * Cyanoprokaryota [Part 1/1]
  * Acrasia (Acrasiomycota) [Part 1/1]
  * Eumycetozoa [Part 1/1]
     * Protostelia
     * Dictyostelia
     * Myxogastria (Myxomycetes)
  * Phytomyxea (Plasmodiophoromycota) [Part 1/1]
  * Fungi / Mycobionta
     * Chytridiomycota [Part 1/1]
        * Blastocladiomycetes
        * Chytridiomycetes
        * Monoblepharidomycetes
        * Neocallimastigomycetes
     * Zygomycota [Part 1/1]
        * Entomophthoromycotina
        * Mortierellomycotina
        * Mucoromycotina
        * Kickxellomycotina
        * Zoopagomycotina
     * Glomeromycota [Part 1/1]
        * Glomeromycetes
     * Ascomycota [Part 1/2, to be published]
     * Basidiomycota [Part 1/3, to be published]
  * Heterokontobionta
     * Labyrinthulomycota [Part 1/1]
        * Labyrinthulomycetes
     * Oomycota [Part 1/1]
        * Hyphochytridiomycetes
        * Peronosporomycetes
     * Cryptophyta [Part 2/1]
        * Cryptophyceae
        * Goniomonadea
     * Dinophyta/Dinozoa (Dinoflagellata) [Part 2/1]
        * Perkinsea
        * Oxyrrhidophyceae
        * Ellobiophyceae
        * Syndiniophyceae
        * Noctiluciphyceae
        * Dinophyceae
     * Haptophyta [Part 2/1]
        * Pavlovophyceae
        * Coccolithophyceae
     * Heterokontophyta / Ochrophyta [Part 2/1]
        * Diatomeae, Bacillariophyceae s.l.
           * Coscinodiscophyceae
           * Mediophyceae
           * Fragilariophyceae
           * Bacillariophyceae
        * Other heterokontophytes
           * Bolidophyceae
           * Dictyochophyceae
           * Pelagophyceae
           * Pinguiophyceae
           * Eustigmatophyceae
           * Picophagea
           * Synchromophyceae
           * Chrysophyceae
           * Raphidophyceae
           * Chrysomerophyceae
           * Aurearenophyceae
           * Phaeothamniophyceae
           * Xanthophyceae
           * Schizocladiophyceae
           * Phaeophyceae
  * Glaucobionta [Part 2/1]
     * Glaucophyta
  * Rhodobionta [Part 2/2, to be published]
     * Rhodophyta
  * Organisation type "Green Algae"
     * Chlorarachniophyta / Cercozoa [Part 2/1]
        * Chlorarachniophyceae
     * Euglenophyta/Euglenozoa [Part 2/1]
        * Euglenophyceae
     * Chlorobionta ("Viridiplantae")
        * Chlorophyta [Part 2/1]
           * Nephroselmidophyceae
           * Mamiellophyceae
           * Prasinophyceae
           * Pedinophyceae
           * Chlorodendrophyceae
           * Trebouxiophyceae
           * Chlorophyceae
           * Ulvophyceae
           * Chlorophyta incertae sedis
           * Palmophyllales
        * Streptophyta
           * Mesostigmatophyceae [Part 2/1]
           * Chlorokybophyceae [Part 2/1]
           * Klebsormidiophyceae [Part 2/1]
           * Coleochaetophyceae [Part 2/1]
           * Zygnematophyceae [Part 2/1]
           * Charophyceae [Part 2/1]
           * Embryobionta
              * "Bryophytes" [Part 3]
                 * Marchantiophyta (Hepaticae)
                 * Bryophyta (Musci)
                 * Anthocerotophyta
              * Polysporangiomorpha [Part 3]
                 * "Protracheophytes" (Horneophytopsida)
                 * Tracheophyta
                    * Rhyniophytina [Part 3]
                    * Lycophytina [Part 3]
                    * Euphyllophytina [Part 3]
                       * “Trimerophytina”
                       * Moniliformopses (Cladoxylopsida, Psilotopsida, Equisetopsida, Marattiopsida, Polypodiopsida)
                       * Radiatopses (Progymnospermopsida)
                    * Spermatophytina
                       * Pinopsida (gymnosperms) [Part 4, to be published]
                       * Magnoliopsida (angiosperms)
                          * Magnoliidae [Part 4, to be published]
                          * Lilianae (monocotyledons)
                             * Acorales, Alismatales, Petrosaviales, Dioscoreales, Pandanales, Liliales, Asparagales [Part 4, to be published]
                             * Arecales, Commelinales, Poales, Zingiberales, Dasypogonales [Part 5, to be published]
                          * Eudicotyledons [Part 5, to be published]
  