title: Cynaroside
text: # Cynaroside
  
  Cynaroside (also known as luteoloside) is a flavone, a flavonoid-like chemical compound. It is a 7-O-glucoside of luteolin.
  
  ## Natural occurrences
  
  It can be found in Ferula varia and F. foetida in Campanula persicifolia and C. rotundifolia, in the bamboo Phyllostachys nigra, and in Teucrium gnaphalodes.
  
  ### In food
  
  It can be found in dandelion (the highest concentration in the flowers, but also in the roots) and in Cynara scolymus (artichoke).
  
  ## Metabolism
  
  Flavone 7-O-beta-glucosyltransferase adds a glucose to luteolin.
  
  A cynaroside 7-O-glucosidase has been identified in the artichoke.
  
  ## Spectral data
  
  UV-Vis :
  
  | Lambda-max | UV : 348, 260 nm |
  | - | - |
  | Extinction coefficient | (log ε): 4.11, 4.23 |
  | IR ||
  | Major absorption bands | ? $cm^{−1}$ |
  | NMR ||
  | Proton NMR | 1H-NMR (500 MHz, CD3COCD3 + D2O): δ 3.42 (1H, t, J = 9.0 Hz, H-4′), 3.49 (1H, t, J = 9.0 Hz, H-2″), 3.56 (1H, t, J = 9.0 Hz, H-3″), 3.60 (1H, m, H-5″) , 3.68 (1H, dd, J = 12.2, 5.6 Hz, H-6a″), 3.85 (1H, dd, J = 12.2, 1.8 Hz, H-6b″), 5.10 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz, H-1″), 6.44 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz, H-6), 6.63 (1H, s, H-3), 6.83 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz, H-8), 6.95 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, H-5′), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, H-6′), 7.43 (1H, bs, H-2′) |
  | Carbon-13 NMR | 13C-NMR (125 MHz, CD3COCD3 + D2O): δ 61.7 (C-6″), 70.3 (C-4″), 73.8 (C-2″), 76.8 (C-3″), 77.4 (C-5″), 95.8 (C-8), 100.5 (C-6), 100.7 (C-1″), 103.7 (C-3), 106.3 (C-10), 113.8 (C-2″), 116.5 (C-5′), 120.3 (C-6′), 122.6 (C-1′), 146.3(C-3′), 150.4 (C-4′), 158.0 (C-9), 161.8 (C-5), 163.9 (C-7), 165.8(C-2), 183.1 (C-4) |
  | Other NMR data |
  | MS ||
  | Masses of main fragments | ESI-MS [M+H]+ m/z 449.1 |
  