title: Phlyctaeniidae
text: # Phlyctaeniidae
  
  Phlyctaeniidae is an extinct family of placoderm arthrodire fishes that lived during the Devonian period, mainly in Norway and North America.
  
  ## Classification
  
  Order Arthrodira Woodward, 1891
  
  * Phlyctaenioidei Miles, 1973
     * Brachythoraci Gross, 1932 - (includes the well-known Dunkleosteus, Dinichthys, etc.)
     * Williamsaspididae White, 1952
     * Groenlandaspididae Obruchev, 1964
     * Arctolepididae Heintz, 1937
     * Phlyctaeniidae Fowler, 1947
        * Aggeraspis Gross, 1962
        * Arctaspis Heintz, 1929
        * Arctolepis? Eastman, 1908 - (may instead belong to Arctolepididae)
        * Barwickosteus Young & Long, 2014
        * Cartieraspis Pageau, 1969
        * Diadsomaspis Gross, 1937
        * Dicksonosteus? Goujet, 1975 - (may not belong to Phlyctaeniidae)
        * Elegantaspis Heintz, 1929 - (may instead belong to trilobite genus Kazakhius)
        * Gaspeaspis Pageau, 1969
        * Grifftaylor Young & Long, 2014
        * Heintzosteus? Goujet, 1984 - (may instead belong to Arctolepididae)
        * Heterogaspis Strand, 1932
        * Huginaspis Heintz, 1929
        * Kolpaspis Pageau, 1969
        * Kueichowlepis Pan & Wang, 1975
        * Lyhoalepis Janvier, Tông-Dzuy & Doàn Nhât, 1994
        * Neophlyctaenius White, 1969
        * Pageauaspis Denison, 1978
        * Phlyctaenius Traquair, 1890
        * Prosphymaspis Gross, 1937
        * Stipatosteus Plax & Newman, 2020
  
  ## Phylogeny
  
  Phlyctaeniidae's placement within Arthrodira can be shown in the cladogram below:
  
  | Lunaspis broilii Eurycaraspis incilis Arthrodira Yujiangolepis liujingensis Antarctaspis mcmurdoensis Wuttagoonaspidae Yiminaspis shenme Wuttagoonaspis fletcheri Aethaspis major Aethaspis utahensis Lehmanosteus hyperboreus Aleosteus eganensis Simblaspis cachensis Kujdanowiaspis buczacziensis Kujdanowiaspis podolica Erikaspis zychi Sigaspis lepidophora Eskimaspis heintzi Baringaspis dineleyi Proaethaspis ohioensis Anarthraspis chamberlini Heightingtonaspis anglica Phyllolepida Gavinaspis convergens Phyllolepis orvini Austrophyllolepis sp. Cowralepis mclachlani Placolepis budawangensis Actinolepidae Bollandaspis woschmidti Actinolepis spinosa Actinolepis magna Actinolepis tuberculata Bryantolepis brachycephalus Phlyctaenioidei Phlyctaeniidae Phlyctaenius acadicus Pageauaspis russelli Groenlandaspidae Groenlandaspis antarctica Tiaraspis subilis Arctaspidae Dicksonosteus arcticus Arctolepidae Arctolepis decipiens Heintzosteus brevis Brachythoraci Antineosteus lehmani Buchanosteus confertituberculatus Coccosteus cuspidatus | Actinolepidoidei Phlyctaeniina |
  | - | - |
  