title: Claoxylon
text: # Claoxylon
  
  Claoxylon is a flowering plant genus in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, comprising dioecious subshrubs to small trees. It was first described as a genus in 1824. The genus is distributed in paleotropical areas: Madagascar through South and Southeast Asia, Malesia to Melanesia, Hawaiʻi, and Australia. Half of the species are in Malesia. According to a molecular phylogenetic study by Wurdack, Hoffmann & Chase (2005), Claoxylon is sister to Erythrococca (50 species, Africa), and together they form the top of a Hennigian comb-like phylogeny.
  
  The genus Claoxylon is usually easily recognizable because the dried leaves in herbariums of most species are rough (few are smooth).
  
  ## Species
  
  * Claoxylon abbreviatum - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores, Sulawesi
  * Claoxylon affine - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores
  * Claoxylon albicans - Philippines
  * Claoxylon albiflorum - Bismarck Archipelago
  * Claoxylon angustifolium - Queensland
  * Claoxylon anomalum - Western Ghats of SW India
  * Claoxylon arboreum - Philippines
  * Claoxylon attenuatum - Sabah
  * Claoxylon australe - Queensland, New South Wales
  * Claoxylon bicarpellatum - Papua New Guinea
  * Claoxylon biciliatum - Vanuatu
  * Claoxylon brachyandrum - Philippines, Sabah, Sulawesi
  * Claoxylon capillipes - Papua New Guinea, Flores
  * Claoxylon carinatum - Kalimantan Timur
  * Claoxylon carolinianum - Caroline Islands
  * Claoxylon carrii - Papua New Guinea
  * Claoxylon centenarium - Ogasawara-shoto (Bonin Islands)
  * Claoxylon colfsii - Sumbawa
  * Claoxylon collenettei - Rapa-Iti
  * Claoxylon coriaceolanatum - Papua New Guinea
  * Claoxylon crassipes - Philippines
  * Claoxylon crassivenium - Philippines
  * Claoxylon cuneatum - Western New Guinea
  * Claoxylon decaryanum - Madagascar
  * Claoxylon dolichostachyum - Réunion
  * Claoxylon echinospermum - Fiji
  * Claoxylon ellipticum - Philippines
  * Claoxylon erythrophyllum - E Indonesia
  * Claoxylon euphorbioides - Philippines
  * Claoxylon extenuatum - Bougainville
  * Claoxylon fallax - Fiji, Tonga
  * Claoxylon flavum - Madagascar
  * Claoxylon fulvescens - Papua New Guinea, Sulawesi
  * Claoxylon gillisonii - Vanuatu
  * Claoxylon glabrifolium - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores
  * Claoxylon glandulosum - Réunion
  * Claoxylon goodenoviense - D'Entrecasteaux Islands
  * †Claoxylon grandifolium - Mauritius, Réunion but extinct
  * Claoxylon gymnadenum - Bougainville
  * Claoxylon hainanense - Hainan
  * Claoxylon hillii - New Guinea, N Australia
  * Claoxylon hirsutellum - Kalimantan Timur
  * Claoxylon hosei - Sarawak
  * Claoxylon humbertii - Madagascar
  * Claoxylon indicum - S China, SE Asia, New Guinea, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Christmas Island
  * Claoxylon insigne - Sarawak
  * Claoxylon insulanum - New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands
  * Claoxylon kaievskii - Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands
  * Claoxylon khasianum - West Bengal, Bangladesh, Assam
  * Claoxylon kinabaluense - Sabah
  * Claoxylon kingii - S Thailand, Perak
  * Claoxylon kotoense - Taiwan
  * Claoxylon lambiricum - Sarawak
  * Claoxylon ledermannii - Papua New Guinea
  * Claoxylon linostachys - Mauritius
  * Claoxylon longifolium - Assam, SE Asia, New Guinea, Caroline Islands
  * Claoxylon longipetiolatum - Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar
  * Claoxylon longiracemosum - Palau
  * Claoxylon lutescens - New Guinea
  * Claoxylon macranthum - Mauritius, Madagascar
  * Claoxylon mananarense - Madagascar
  * Claoxylon marianum - Mariana Islands
  * Claoxylon medullosum - Madagascar
  * Claoxylon microcarpum - Papua New Guinea
  * Claoxylon monoicum - Madagascar
  * Claoxylon muscisilvae - Papua New Guinea
  * Claoxylon neoebudicum - Vanuatu, Santa Cruz Islands, Fiji
  * Claoxylon nervosum - Papua New Guinea
  * Claoxylon nigtanig - Bougainville
  * Claoxylon nubicola - Papua New Guinea
  * Claoxylon oblanceolatum - Philippines
  * Claoxylon oliganthum - Thailand
  * Claoxylon ooumuense - Nuku Hiva
  * Claoxylon papuae - Papua New Guinea
  * Claoxylon parviflorum - Réunion, Rodrigues Island
  * Claoxylon paucinerve - Papua New Guinea
  * Claoxylon perrieri - Madagascar
  * Claoxylon physocarpum - Sumatra
  * Claoxylon platyphyllum - Papua New Guinea
  * Claoxylon porphyrostemon - Papua New Guinea
  * Claoxylon praetermissum - Sabah
  * Claoxylon pseudoinsulanum - Kalimantan Timur
  * Claoxylon psilogyne - Vanuatu
  * Claoxylon pubescens - Philippines
  * Claoxylon purpureum - Philippines, Sulawesi
  * Claoxylon putii - Thailand
  * Claoxylon racemiflorum - Réunion
  * Claoxylon raymondianum - Madagascar
  * Claoxylon rostratum - Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Myanmar
  * Claoxylon rubescens - Lombok, Philippines
  * Claoxylon rubrivenium - Luzon
  * Claoxylon salicinum - Sabah
  * Claoxylon salomonense - Papua New Guinea, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Louisiade Archipelago, Solomon Islands
  * Claoxylon samoense - Samoa
  * Claoxylon sanctae-crucis - Santa Cruz Islands
  * Claoxylon sandwicense - Hawaii
  * Claoxylon sarasinorum - Sulawesi
  * Claoxylon scabratum - New Guinea
  * Claoxylon setosum - Réunion
  * Claoxylon spathulatum - Philippines
  * Claoxylon stapfianum - Sarawak, Sabah
  * Claoxylon subbullatum - Sabah
  * Claoxylon subsessiliflorum - Vietnam, Yunnan
  * Claoxylon subviride - Philippines
  * Claoxylon taitense - Society Islands
  * Claoxylon tenerifolium - Queensland
  * Claoxylon tenuiflorum - Aceh
  * Claoxylon tetracoccum - West New Guinea
  * Claoxylon tsaratananae - Madagascar
  * Claoxylon velutinum - Kalimantan Timur
  * Claoxylon vitiense - Fiji
  * Claoxylon wallichianum - Peninsular Malaysia
  * Claoxylon warburgianum - Sulawesi
  * Claoxylon winkleri - Kalimantan Selatan
  
  ## Formerly included
  
  moved to other genera (Acalypha, Croton, Discoclaoxylon, Erythrococca, Lobanilia, Macaranga, Mallotus, Micrococca, Orfilea)
  
  * C. africanum - Erythrococca africana
  * C. angolense - Erythrococca angolense
  * C. atrovirens - Erythrococca atrovirens
  * C. bakerianum - Lobanilia bakeriana
  * C. barteri - Erythrococca africana
  * C. beddomei - Micrococca beddomei
  * C. capense - Micrococca capensis
  * C. chevalieri - Erythrococca chevalieri
  * C. columnare - Erythrococca columnaris
  * C. cordifolium - Mallotus oppositifolius
  * C. deflersii - Erythrococca abyssinica
  * C. dewevrei - Erythrococca dewevrei
  * C. digynum - Macaranga digyna
  * C. flaccidum - Erythrococca atrovirens
  * C. hexandrum - Discoclaoxylon hexandrum
  * C. hirsutum - Micrococca wightii var. hirsuta
  * C. hirtellum - Lobanilia hirtella
  * C. hispidum - Erythrococca hispida
  * C. holstii - Micrococca holstii
  * C. humblotianum - Micrococca humblotiana
  * C. inaequilaterum - Erythrococca atrovirens
  * C. kirkii - Erythrococca kirkii
  * C. lancifolium - Micrococca lancifolia
  * C. lasiococcum - Erythrococca trichogyne
  * C. leucocarpum - Mallotus leucocarpus
  * C. longifolium Baill. 1858, illegitimate homonym, not (Blume) Endl. ex Hassk. 1844 - Micrococca oligandra
  * C. luteobrunneum - Lobanilia luteobrunnea
  * C. macrophyllum Prain 1911, illegitimate homonym, not Hassk. 1848 - Erythrococca macrophylla
  * C. mannii - Erythrococca mannii
  * C. membranaceum - Erythrococca membranacea
  * C. menyharthii - Erythrococca menyharthii
  * C. mercurialis - Micrococca mercurialis
  * C. mildbraedii - Erythrococca trichogyne
  * C. molleri - Erythrococca molleri
  * C. muricatum - Mallotus resinosus
  * C. neraudianum - Orfilea neraudiana
  * C. occidentale - Discoclaoxylon occidentale
  * C. oleraceum - Erythrococca atrovirens
  * C. oligandrum - Micrococca oligandra
  * C. ovale - Lobanilia ovalis
  * C. patulum - Erythrococca patula
  * C. pauciflorum Müll.Arg. 1864 not Stapf 1894 - Erythrococca pauciflora
  * C. pedicellare Müll.Arg. 1864 not Pax & K.Hoffm. 1914 - Discoclaoxylon pedicellare
  * C. poggei - Erythrococca poggei
  * C. polyandrum - Erythrococca polyandra
  * C. preussii - Discoclaoxylon hexandrum
  * C. purpurascens - Erythrococca molleri
  * C. reticulatum - Acalypha filiformis
  * C. rivulare - Erythrococca rivularis
  * C. schweinfurthii - Erythrococca atrovirens
  * C. sphaerocarpum - Croton sylvaticus
  * C. spiciflorum - Acalypha spiciflora
  * C. stipulosum - Mallotus dispar
  * C. trichogyne - Erythrococca trichogyne
  * C. triste - Erythrococca tristis
  * C. virens - Erythrococca menyharthii
  * C. volkensii - Micrococca volkensii
  * C. welwitschianum - Erythrococca welwitschiana
  * C. wightii - Micrococca wightii
  