title: Patwin
text: # Patwin
  
  The Patwin (also Patween and Southern Wintu) are a band of Wintun people in Northern California. The Patwin comprise the southern branch of the Wintun group, native inhabitants of California since approximately 500.
  
  Today, Patwin people are enrolled in three federally recognized tribes:
  
  * Cachil DeHe Band of Wintun Indians of the Colusa Indian Community of the Colusa Rancheria
  * Kletsel Dehe Band of Wintun Indians
  * Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation.
  
  ## Territory
  
  The Patwin were bordered by the Yuki in the northwest; the Nomlaki (Wintun) in the north; the Konkow (Maidu) in the northeast; the Nisenan (Maidu) and Plains Miwok in the east; the Bay Miwok to the south; the Coast Miwok in the southwest; and the Wappo, Lake Miwok, and Pomo in the west.
  
  The "Southern Patwins" have historically lived between what is now Suisun, Vacaville, and Putah Creek. By 1800, the Spanish and other European settlers forced them into small tribal units: Ululatos (Vacaville), Labaytos (Putah Creek), Malacas (Lagoon Valley), Tolenas (Upper Suisun Valley), and Suisunes (Suisun Marsh and Plain).
  
  ## Language
  
  The Patwin language is a Southern Wintuan language. As of 2021, one Patwin person was a documented first-language speaker of Patwin.
  
  ## Population
  
  Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially. Alfred L. Kroeber put the 1770 population of the Wintun, including the Patwin, Nomlaki, and Wintu proper, at 12,000. Sherburne F. Cook (1976a:180-181) estimated the combined population of the Patwin and Nomlaki at 11,300, of which 3,300 represented the southern Patwin. He subsequently raised his figure for the southern Patwin to 5,000.
  
  Kroeber estimated the population of the combined Wintun groups in 1910 as 1,000. By the 1920s, no Patwin remained along Putah Creek and few were left in the area. Today, Wintun descendants of the three groups (i.e. the Patwin, Nomlaki, and Wintu proper) total about 2,500 people.
  
  ## Villages
  
  * Aguasto
  * Bo´-do
  * Chemocu
  * Churup
  * Dok´–dok
  * Gapa
  * Ho´lokomi
  * Imil
  * Katsil
  * Kisi
  * Koh´pah de´-he
  * Koru
  * Kusêmpu
  * Liwai
  * Lopa
  * Moso
  * Napato
  * Nawidihu
  * No´pah
  * P’ālo
  * Putato
  * Si'-ko-pe
  * Soneto
  * Sukui
  * Suskol
  * Tebti
  * Til-til
  * Tokti
  * Tolenas
  * Tulukai
  * Ululato
  * Yo´doi
  * Yulyul
  
  ## Archaeology
  
  Patwin Indian remains were discovered at the Mondavi Center construction site beginning in 1999, and consequently, the University of California, Davis, built a Native American Contemplative Garden within the Arboretum, a project honoring the Patwin.
  
  ## Notable Patwin people
  
  * Mabel McKay (1907–1994), basket weaver and healer
  * Sem-Yeto (c. 1798 – c. 1851), 19th-century leader and diplomat, also known as "Chief Solano"
  