title: Kenneth Kunen
text: # Kenneth Kunen
  
  Herbert Kenneth Kunen (August 2, 1943 – August 14, 2020) was a professor of mathematics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison who worked in set theory and its applications to various areas of mathematics, such as set-theoretic topology and measure theory. He also worked on non-associative algebraic systems, such as loops, and used computer software, such as the Otter theorem prover, to derive theorems in these areas.
  
  ## Personal life
  
  Kunen was born in New York City in 1943 and died in 2020. He lived in Madison, Wisconsin, with his wife Anne, with whom he had two sons, Isaac and Adam.
  
  ## Education
  
  Kunen completed his undergraduate degree at the California Institute of Technology and received his Ph.D. in 1968 from Stanford University, where he was supervised by Dana Scott.
  
  ## Career and research
  
  Kunen showed that if there exists a nontrivial elementary embedding j : L → L of the constructible universe, then $0^#$ exists. He proved the consistency of a normal, $\aleph _{2}$-saturated ideal on $\aleph _{1}$ from the consistency of the existence of a huge cardinal. He introduced the method of iterated ultrapowers, with which he proved that if $\kappa$ is a measurable cardinal with $2^{\kappa }>\kappa ^{+}$ or $\kappa$ is a strongly compact cardinal then there is an inner model of set theory with $\kappa$ many measurable cardinals. He proved Kunen's inconsistency theorem showing the impossibility of a nontrivial elementary embedding $V\to V$, which had been suggested as a large cardinal assumption (a Reinhardt cardinal).
  
  Away from the area of large cardinals, Kunen is known for intricate forcing and combinatorial constructions. He proved that it is consistent that Martin's axiom first fails at a singular cardinal and constructed under the continuum hypothesis a compact L-space supporting a nonseparable measure. He also showed that $P(\omega )/Fin$ has no increasing chain of length $\omega _{2}$ in the standard Cohen model where the continuum is $\aleph _{2}$. The concept of a Jech–Kunen tree is named after him and Thomas Jech.
  
  