title: List of invasive species in Portugal
text: # List of invasive species in Portugal
  
  This is a list of invasive species in Portugal. The species tagged with a cross (†) have the legal status of invasive species (Decreto-Lei n.º 565/99 de 21 de Dezembro). The remaining are considered invasive by investigators in Portugal. The species tagged with an "M" are classified as invasive only in Madeira.
  
  ## Invertebrates
  
  * Adelges piceae (balsam woolly adelgid)
  * Aleurodicus dispersus (spiralling whitefly)
  * Anguillicoloides crassus (swim bladder worm)
  * Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid)
  * Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly)
  * Chilo suppressalis (striped rice stem borer)
  * Cinara cupressi (Cypress aphid)
  * Corbicula fluminea (Asian clam)(†)
  * Cryptotermes brevis (powderpost termite)
  * Ctenarytaina eucalypti (blue gum psyllid)
  * Deroceras invadens (tramp slug)
  * Elminius modestus (Australasian barnacle)
  * Eriocheir sinensis (Chinese mitten crab)(†)
  * Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips)
  * Globodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode)
  * Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale)
  * Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle)(†)
  * Linepithema humile (Argentine ant)(†)
  * Lumbricus terrestris (common earthworm)
  * Lysiphlebus testaceipes(†)
  * Opogona sacchari (banana moth)
  * Pacifastacus leniusculus (signal crayfish)(†)
  * Paratrechina longicornis (longhorn crazy ant)
  * Phoracantha semipunctata (Australian Eucalyptus longhorn)(†)
  * Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle)
  * Potamopyrgus antipodarum (New Zealand mud snail)(†)
  * Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crawfish)(†)
  * Styela clava (Asian tunicate)
  * Thaumastocoris peregrinus (bronze bug)
  * Tricellaria inopinata
  * Vespa velutina nigrithorax (Yellow-legged Asian hornet)
  
  ## Amphibians
  
  * Bufo marinus (†)
  * Lithobates catesbeianus (†)
  * Rana ridibunda (†)
  * Xenopus laevis (†)
  
  ## Reptiles
  
  * Chamaeleo chamaeleon (common chameleon) (†)
  * Chelydra serpentina (†)
  * Chrysemys picta (†)
  * Graptemys spp. (†)
  * Hemidactylus mabouia (†) (M)
  * Macroclemys temminckii (†)
  * Pseudemys spp. (†)
  * Ramphotyphlops braminus (†) (M)
  * Tarentola mauritanica (†) (M)
  * Lacerta dugesii (Madeiran wall lizard)(†)
  * Lampropeltis getula ssp. californiae (†) (M)
  * Trachemys spp. (†)
  
  ## Fish
  
  * Ameiurus melas (black bullhead)(†)
  * Australoheros facetus (chameleon cichlid)(†)
  * Carassius auratus (goldfish)(†)
  * Cyprinus carpio (common carp)(†)
  * Esox lucius (northern pike)(†)
  * Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog)(†)
  * Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish)(†)
  * Gobio gobio (gudgeon)(†)
  * Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed)(†)
  * Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass)(†)
  * Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout)(†)
  * Sander lucioperca (Sander lucioperca)(†)
  
  ## Birds
  
  Source:
  
  Family Anatidae:
  
  * Oxyura jamaicensis
  
  Family Columbidae:
  
  * Columbina passerina(†)
  
  Family Estrildidae:
  
  * Amadina fasciata(†)
  * Amandava amandava(†)
  * Amandava subflava(†)
  * Estrilda astrild(†)
  * Estrilda melpoda(†)
  * Estrilda troglodytes(†)
  * Lonchura cantans(†)
  * Lonchura maja(†)
  * Lonchura malacca(†)
  * Taeniopygia castanotis(†)
  
  Family Phasianidae:
  
  * Francolinus francolinus(†)
  * Phasianus colchicus(†)
  
  Family Ploceidae:
  
  * Euplectes afer(†)
  * Euplectes franciscanus(†)
  * Euplectes hordeaceus(†)
  * Euplectes orix(†)
  * Ploceus cucullatus(†)
  * Ploceus melanocephalus(†)
  * Quelea quelea(†)
  
  Family Psittacidae:
  
  * Myiopsitta monachus(†)
  * Psittacula krameri(†)
  
  ## Mammals
  
  * Ammotragus lervia (†)
  * Callosciurus erythraeus (†)
  * Capra hircus (†) (M)
  * Castor canadensis (†)
  * Erinaceus spp. (†) (M)
  * Felis silvestris f. catus (†) *
  * Herpestes javanicus (†)
  * Hystrix cristata (†)
  * Muntiacus reevesi (†)
  * Mus musculus (†) (M)
  * Mus domesticus (†) (M)
  * Mustela spp. (†) (M)
     * Mustela furo (ferret)
  * Myocastor coypus (†)
  * Nasua nasua (†)
  * Neogale vison (American mink) (†)
  * Nyctereutes procyonoides (†)
  * Ondatra zibethicus (†)
  * Oryctolagus cuniculus (†) (M)
  * Procyon spp. (†)
  * Rattus spp. (†) (M)
     * Rattus norvegicus (brown rat)(†)
     * Rattus rattus (black rat)(†)
  * Sciurus carolinensis (†)
  * Sciurus niger (†)
  * Tamias sibiricus (†)
  
  ## Plants
  
  * Abutilon sonneratianum (†) (M) (Cav.) Sweet
  * Acacia spp. (†)
     * Acacia baileyana $F.Muell^{:119}$
     * Acacia cyanophylla Lindley (=Acacia saligna (Labill.) $H.L.Wendl.)^{:119}$
     * Acacia cyclops A.Cunn. ex $G.Don^{:119}$
     * Acacia dealbata $Link.^{:119}$
     * Acacia decurrens (J.C.Wendl) $Willd.^{:119}$
     * Acacia karroo $Hayne^{:119}$
     * Acacia longifolia (Andrews) $Willd.^{:119}$
     * Acacia mearnsii $DeWild.^{:119}$
     * Acacia melanoxylon $R.Br.^{:119}$
     * Acacia $pycnantha^{:119}$
     * Acacia retinodes $Schlecht^{:119}$
  * Acanthus mollis (†) (M) L.
  * Acer negundo (†) L.
  * Acer pseudoplatanus (†) (M) L.
  * Adiantum hispidulum (†) (M) Sw.
  * Adiantum raddianum (†) (MadMeira) Sw.
  * Agapanthus praecox ssp. orientalis (†) (M) F. M. Leight
  * Adiantum hispidulum (†) (M) Sw.
  * Agave americana (†) $L.^{:119}$
  * Ageratina adenophora (†) (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob.
  * Ageratina riparia (†) (M) (Regel) R. M. King & H. Rob.
  * Ailanthus altissima (Miller) $Swingle^{:119}$
  * Albizia lophanta (†) (Willd.) Nielsen (=Paraserianthes lophanta (Willd.) $Benth)^{:119}$
  * Albizzia julibrissin (†) Durazz.
  * Ailanthus altissima (†) (Miller) Swingle
  * Aloe arborescens (†) (M) Mill.
  * Alternanthera philoxeroides (†) (Mart.) Griseb.
  * Alternanthera caracasana (†) Kunth
  * Alternanthera nodiflora (†) R. Br.
  * Alternanthera pungens (†) Kunth
  * Amaranthus albus (†) L.
  * Amaranthus blitoides (†) S. Watson
  * Amaranthus blitum ssp. emarginatus (†) (Moq. ex Uline & Bray) Carretero, Muñoz Garmendia & Pedrol
  * Amaranthus caudatus (†) L.
  * Amaranthus cruentus (†) L.
  * Amaranthus deflexus (†) L.
  * Amaranthus hybridus (†) L.
  * Amaranthus hypochondriacus (†) L.
  * Amaranthus muricatus (†) (Gillies ex Moq.) Hieron.
  * Amaranthus paniculatus (†) L.
  * Amaranthus powellii (†) S. Watson
  * Amaranthus retroflexus (†) L.
  * Amaranthus viridis (†) L.
  * Amaranthus x ozanonii (†) Thell. ex Priszter
  * Amaryllis belladonna (†) (M) Kunth
  * Aptenia cordifolia (†) (M) (L. f.) Schwantes
  * Araujia sericifera (†) Brot.
  * Arctotheca calendula (†) (L.) Levyns
  * Arctotheca calendula (L.) $Levins^{:120}$
  * Arundo donax (†) $L.^{:120}$
  * Asclepias curassavica (†) L.
  * Asclepias syriaca (†) L.
  * Asparagus asparagoides (†) (M) (L.) Druce
  * Aster squamatus (†) (Spreng.) Hieron.
  * Atriplex rosea (†) (M) L.
  * Atriplex semibaccata (†) (M) R. Br.
  * Azolla caroliniana $Willd.^{:120}$
  * Azolla filiculoides (†) $Lam.^{:120}$
  * Baccharis halimifolia (†) L.
  * Baccharis spicata (†) (Lam.) Baill.
  * Bidens aurea (†) (Aiton) Sherff
  * Bidens frondosa (†) L.
  * Bidens pilosa (†) L.
  * Brachiaria mutica (†) (M) (Forssk.) Stapf
  * Cabomba caroliniana (†) Gray
  * Cardiospermum grandiflorum (†) (M) Sw.
  * Carpobrotus acinaciformis (†) (L.) L. Bolus
  * Carpobrotus edulis $(L.)N.E.Br.^{:121}$
  * Cenchrus ciliaris (†) (M) L.
  * Centranthus ruber (†) (M) (L.) DC.
  * Chasmanthe aethiopica (†) (M) (L.) N.E. Br.
  * Chrysanthemum coronarium (†) (M) L.
  * Cirsium vulgare (†) (M) (Savi) Ten.
  * Colocasia esculenta (†) (M) (L.) Schott
  * Commelina diffusa (†) (M) Burm. F.
  * Conyza bonariensis (†) (L.) $Cronq.^{:121}$
  * Conyza canadensis (†) L.
  * Conyza sumatrensis (†) (Retz.) E. Walker
  * Coronopus didymus (†) (L.) J.E. Sm.
  * Cortaderia selloana (†) (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Aschers & $Graebner^{:121}$
  * Cotula australis (†) (M) (Sieber ex Spreng.) Hook. fil.
  * Cotula coronopifolia (†) L.
  * Crassula ovata (†) (M) (Mill.) Druce
  * Crassula multicava (†) (M) Lem.
  * Crinum bulbispermum (†) (M) (Burm.) Milne-Redh. & Schweick.
  * Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora (†) (M) (Lemoine) N.E. Br.
  * Cyperus rotundus (†) L.
  * Cyrtomium falcatum (†) (M) (L. fil.) C. Presl
  * Cytisus scoparius (†) (M) (L.) Link
  * Cytisus striatus (†) (M) (Hill) Rothm
  * Datura innoxia (†) (M) Mill.
  * Datura stramonium $L.^{:122}$
  * Delairea odorata (†) (M) Lem. (= Senecio mikanoides Otto ex Walp.)
  * Doodia caudata (†) (M) (Cav.) R. Br.
  * Duchesnea indica (†) (M) (Andr.) Focke
  * Egeria densa (†) Planch.
  * Eichhornia crassipes (†) (C.R.P..Mart.) Solms. $Laub.^{:122}$
  * Elodea canadensis (†) $Mich.^{:122}$
  * Elodea nuttallii (†) (Planch.) St. John
  * Erigeron karvinskianus $DC.^{:122}$
  * Eryngium pandanifolium Cham. & $Schlecht^{:122}$
  * Eschscholzia californica (†) Champ. (M)
  * Eucalyptus globulus $Labill^{:122}$
  * Fallopia baldschuanica (†) (Regel) J. Holub
  * Fallopia japonica (†) (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. (= Reynoutria japonica Houtt.)
  * Fallopia sachalinensis (†) (Schmidt) Ronse Decr.
  * Fallopia x bohemica (†) (J. Chrtek & A. Chrtková) J. P. Bailey
  * Fuchsia arborescens (†) Sims (M)
  * Fuchsia magellanica (†) Lam. (M)
  * Galinsoga parviflora $Cav.^{:123}$
  * Galinsoga quadriradiata (†) Ruiz et Pav. (M)
  * Gleditsia triacanthos (†) L.
  * Gomphocarpus fruticosus (†) (L.) Aiton fil.
  * Gunnera tinctoria (†) (Molina) Mirbel
  * Hakea salicifolia (†) (Vent.) $B.L.Burtt^{:123}$
  * Hakea sericea (†) Schrader - $Háquia-picante^{:123}$
  * Hedychium gardnerianum (†) Sheppard ex Ker $Grwal^{:123}$
  * Helichrysum foetidum (†) (M) (L.) Cass.
  * Heracleum mantegazzianum (†) Sommier & Levier
  * Heracleum persicum (†) Fischer
  * Heracleum sosnowskyi (†) Mandenova
  * Holcus lanatus (†) (M) L.
  * Hydrangea macrophylla (†) (M) (Thunb.) Ser.
  * Hydrilla verticillata (†) (L. f.) Royle
  * Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (†) L. f.
  * Impatiens glandulifera (†) Royle
  * Ipomoea acuminata (†) (Vahl.) Roemer & $Schultes^{:123}$
  * Ipomoea indica (†) (Burm.) Merr.
  * Ipomea purpurea (†) (M) (L.) Roth
  * Isatis tinctoria (†) (M) L.
  * Kalanchoe daigremontiana (†) (M) Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier
  * Kalanchoe delagoensis (†) (M) Eckl. et Zeyh.
  * Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi (†) (M) Raym.-Hamet et Perrier
  * Kalanchoe pinnata (†) (M) (Lam.) Pers. N
  * Lagarosiphon major (†) (Ridley) Moss
  * Lantana camara (†) $L.^{:124}$
  * Lepidium didymum (†) (M) L.
  * Leptospermum scoparium (†) (M) J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.
  * Leucaena leucocephala (†) (M) (Lam.) De Wit
  * Leycesteria formosa (†) (M) Wall.
  * Lonicera japonica (†) Thunb.
  * Ludwigia grandiflora (†) (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet
  * Ludwigia peploides (†) (Kunth) Raven
  * Ludwigia uruguayensis (†) (Cambess.) H.Hara
  * Lycopersicon esculentum (†) (M) Mill. var. esculentum
  * Lysichiton americanus (†) Hultén & St. John
  * Malephora crocea (†) (M) (Jacq.) Schwantes
  * Melinis repens (†) (M) (Willd.) Zizka
  * Malvastrum coromandelianum (†) (M) (L.) Garcke
  * Microstegium vimineum (†) (Trin.) A. Camus
  * Myoporum tenuifolium $G.Forster^{:125}$
  * Myriophyllum aquaticum (†) (Velloso) Verdc.
  * Myriophyllum brasiliensis (†) $Camb.^{:125}$
  * Myriophyllum heterophyllum (†) Michaux
  * Nicotiana glauca (†) R.C. $Graham^{:125}$
  * Nymphaea mexicana (†) Zucc.
  * Opuntia elata (†) Salm-Dyck
  * Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) $Miller^{:125}$
  * Opuntia maxima (†) Miller
  * Opuntia subulata (†) (Muehlenpf.) Engelm (= Austrocylindropuntia subulata)
  * Opuntia tuna (†) (M) (L.) Mill.
  * Oxalis corniculata (†) (M) L.
  * Oxalis pes-caprae (†) $L.^{:125}$
  * Oxalis purpurea (†) L.
  * Paraserianthes lophantha (†) (M) (Willd.) I.C. Nielsen [=Albizia distachya (Vent) J.F. Macbr.]
  * Parthenium hysterophorus (†) L.
  * Paspalum paspalodes (†) (Michx) Scribner
  * Paspalum vaginatum (†) Swartz
  * Passiflora tripartita (†) (M) (Juss.) Poir. var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P. Jørg.
  * Paulownia tomentosa (†) (Thunberg) Steudel
  * Pelargonium inquinans (†) (M) (L.) L'Hér. ex Ait.
  * Pennisetum purpureum (†) (M) Schum.
  * Pennisetum setaceum (†) (Forssk.) Chiov.
  * Pennisetum villosum (†) R. Br. ex Fresen
  * Persicaria perfoliata (†) (L.) H. Gross (= Polygonum perfoliatum L.)
  * Petroselinum crispum (†) (M) (Mill.) A.W. Hill
  * Physalis peruviana (†) (M) L.
  * Phytolacca americana (†) L.
  * Pistia stratiotes (†) L.
  * Pittosporum undulatum (†) $Vent.^{:126}$
  * Podranea ricasoliana (†) (Tanfani) Sprague
  * Polygonum capitatum (†) Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don
  * Pueraria lobata (†) (Willdenow) Ohwi (= P. montana var lobata)
  * Psidium cattleyanum (†) Sabine
  * Reynoutria japonica $Houtt.^{:126}$
  * Rhus coriaria (†) (M) L.
  * Ricinus communis (†) $L.^{:126}$
  * Robinia pseudoacacia (†) $L.^{:126}$
  * Sagittaria latifolia (†) Willd.
  * Salpichroa origanifolia (†) (M) (Lam.) Thell.
  * Salvinia molesta (†) D.S. $Mitchell^{:127}$
  * Senecio bicolor (†) (Willd.) Tod. ssp. cinerea (DC.) $Chater^{:127}$
  * Senecio inaequidens (†) DC.
  * Senecio mikanioides (†) (M) Otto ex Walp.
  * Senecio petasitis (†) (M) (Sims) DC.
  * Sesbania punicea (Cav.) $Benth.^{:127}$
  * Setaria verticillata (†) (M) (L.) P. Beauv.
  * Solanum lycopersicum (†) (M) L. var. lycopersicum
  * Solanum mauritianum (†) Scop.
  * Soleirolia soleirolii (†) (M) (Req.) Dandy
  * Sorghum halepense (†) (L.) Pers.
  * Spartina densiflora (†) $Brongn.^{:128}$
  * Symphyotrichum subulatum (†) (M) (Michx.) G. L. Nesom var. squamatum (Spreng.) S. D. Sundb.
  * Tamarix gallica (†) (M) L.
  * Tetragonia tetragonioides (†) (M) (Pall.) Kuntze
  * Tradescantia fluminensis (†) $Velloso^{:128}$
  * Tradescantia zebrina (†) (M) Hort. ex Bosse Vollst.
  * Tropaeolum majus (†) L.
  * Ulex europaeus (†) (M) L.
  * Ulex minor (†) (M) Roth
  * Verbena bonariensis (†) (M) L.
  * Verbena rigida (†) (M) Spreng.
  * Vinca major (†) (M) L.
  * Zantedeschia aethiopica (†) (M) (L.) Spreng.
  