title: Facies (medical)
text: # Facies (medical)
  
  In medical contexts, a facies is a distinctive facial expression or appearance associated with a specific medical condition. The term comes from Latin for "face". As a fifth declension noun, facies can be both singular and plural.
  
  ## Types
  
  Examples include:
  
  * Hippocratic facies – eyes are sunken, temples collapsed, nose is pinched with crusts on the lips, and the forehead is clammy
  * Moon face (also known as "Cushingoid facies") – Cushing's syndrome
  * Elfin facies – Williams syndrome
  * Potter facies – oligohydramnios
  * Mask like facies – parkinsonism
  * Leonine facies – lepromatous leprosy or craniometaphyseal dysplasia
  * Mitral facies – mitral stenosis
  * Amiodarone facies (deep blue discoloration around malar area and nose)
  * Acromegalic facies – acromegaly
  * Flat facies – Down syndrome
  * Marfanoid facies – Marfan's syndrome
  * Snarling facies – myasthenia gravis
  * Myotonic facies – myotonic dystrophy
  * Torpid facies – myxoedema
  * Mouse facies – chronic kidney failure
  * Plethoric facies – Cushing's syndrome and polycythemia vera
  * Bird facies – Pierre Robin sequence
  * Ashen grey facies – myocardial infarction
  * Gargoyle facies – Hurler's syndrome
  * Monkey facies – marasmus
  * Hatchet facies – myotonia atrophica
  * Gorilla-like face – acromegaly
  * Bovine facies (or cow face) – craniofacial dysostosis or crouzon syndrome
  * Marshall halls facies – hydrocephalus
  * Frog face – intranasal disease
  * Coarse facies – many inborn errors of metabolism
  * Adenoid facies – developmental facial traits caused by adenoid hypertrophy, nasal airway obstruction and mouthbreathing; really a form of long face syndrome.
  * Lion-like facies – involvement of craniofacial bones in Paget disease of Bone
  * Chipmunk facies – beta thalassemia
  * Treacher Collins syndrome – deformities of the ears, eyes, cheekbones, and chin
  
  ## Other disorders associated with syndromic facies
  
  * Pitt–Hopkins syndrome
  * Beta thalassemia is associated with distinctive facial features due to ineffective erythropoiesis. The ineffective erythropoiesis causes marrow hyperplasia or expansion and bony changes, including the bones of the face; this causes craniofacial protrusions.
  * Mowat–Wilson syndrome
  * Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome
  