title: Limenius
text: # Limenius
  
  Limenius (Greek:Λιμήνιος; fl. 2nd century BC) was an Athenian musician and the creator of the Second Delphic Hymn in 128 BC. He is the earliest known composer in recorded history for a surviving piece of music, or one of the two earliest, or the second-earliest, depending first on whether one accepts the proposition of Bélis that the composer of the First Delphic Hymn is named Athenaeus and, second, whether that hymn was composed in the same year as the Second Hymn, or ten years earlier. Limenius was a performer on the kithara and, as a professional musician performing in the Pythaïs (the liturgical embassy to the cult centre of Pythian Apollo at Delphi), he was required to belong to one of the guilds of the Artists of Dionysus.
  
  ## Sources
  
  * ↑ Pöhlmann, Egert; West, Martin L. (2001). Documents of Ancient Greek Music: The Extant Melodies and Fragments. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-815223-X.
  * ↑ Bélis, Annie. 1988. "A proposito degli 'Inni delfici' ad Apollo", In La musica in Grecia: Convegno internazionale su la musica greca antica (1985: Urbino), edited by Bruno Gentili, Roberto Pretagostini, and Andrew Barker. Storia e Società. Rome-Bari: Editori Laterza. ISBN 88-420-3302-2.
  * ↑ Anderson, Warren; Mathiesen, Thomas J. (2001). "Limenius". In Sadie, Stanley; Tyrrell, John (eds.). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan. ISBN 9780195170672.
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