title: Successor ordinal
text: # Successor ordinal
  
  In set theory, the successor of an ordinal number α is the smallest ordinal number greater than α. An ordinal number that is a successor is called a successor ordinal. The ordinals 1, 2, and 3 are the first three successor ordinals and the ordinals ω+1, ω+2 and ω+3 are the first three infinite successor ordinals.
  
  ## Properties
  
  Every ordinal other than 0 is either a successor ordinal or a limit ordinal.
  
  ## In Von Neumann's model
  
  Using von Neumann's ordinal numbers (the standard model of the ordinals used in set theory), the successor S(α) of an ordinal number α is given by the formula
  
      $S(\alpha )=\alpha \cup \{\alpha \}.$
  
  Since the ordering on the ordinal numbers is given by α < β if and only if α ∈ β, it is immediate that there is no ordinal number between α and S(α), and it is also clear that α < S(α).
  
  ## Ordinal addition
  
  The successor operation can be used to define ordinal addition rigorously via transfinite recursion as follows:
  
      $\alpha +0=\alpha \!$
      $\alpha +S(\beta )=S(\alpha +\beta )$
  
  and for a limit ordinal λ
  
      $\alpha +\lambda =\bigcup _{\beta <\lambda }(\alpha +\beta )$
  
  In particular, S(α) = α + 1. Multiplication and exponentiation are defined similarly.
  
  ## Topology
  
  The successor points and zero are the isolated points of the class of ordinal numbers, with respect to the order topology.
  
  