title: TAST
text: # TAST
  
  In linguistics, $T_{AST}$ (always written as uppercase T plus uppercase AST in subscript) is an abbreviation for the time of assertion, a secondary temporal reference in establishing tense.
  
  Grammatical tense represents the contrast between two measurements along the timeline of an utterance, with one of those measurements being the time of utterance $T_{UTT}$ (the time at which the actual utterance is made). $T_{UTT}$ is always the primary point of reference for tense. There are three additional references to which $T_{UTT}$ can be contrasted: $T_{AST}$ — the time of assertion, $T_{COM}$ — the time of completion, and $T_{EVL}$ — the time of evaluation; these are secondary references. The type used for the secondary reference is determined by aspect and type of utterance.
  
  $T_{AST}$ is the time at which the action of a verb takes place. It can be a single point in time (in the non-durational aspects) such as in English “I had dinner at 5pm.” Or, it can be a range of time (in the durational aspects) such as “I was eating dinner from 5 till 7.”
  
  