title: Civil partnership in South Africa
text: # Civil partnership in South Africa
  
  Part of the LGBT rights series :
  
  Legal status of same-sex unions :
  
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  See also
  
  Same-sex union legislation
  
  Same-sex union court cases
  
  Timeline of same-sex marriage
  
  Recognition of same-sex unions in Africa
  
  Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia
  
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  Notes
  
  Performed in the Netherlands proper, including the Caribbean Netherlands. Registered in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.
  
  Neither performed nor recognized in Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands.
  
  Neither performed nor recognized in six British Overseas Territories.
  
  Neither performed nor recognized in some tribal nations. Recognized but not performed in several other tribal nations and American Samoa.
  
  Cohabitation. Registered foreign marriages confer limited rights. Marriage recognized in some cities.
  
  The Coman v. Romania ruling of the European Court of Justice obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of EU citizens.
  
  Legal guardianships (nationwide, except Hong Kong and Macau), residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents (Hong Kong).
  
  Unregistered cohabitation or Maitri karar–type contractual relationships, but they are not legally binding.
  
  Some cities and prefectures issue partnership certificates, though not legally formalized.
  
  Marriages conducted abroad between a Namibian national and a foreign spouse recognized for residency rights
  
  Hospital visitation rights through a "legal representative" status
  
  * Not yet in effect :
  
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  Civil partnerships were introduced in South Africa by the Civil Union Act, 2006, which also legalised same-sex marriage. Civil partnerships can be formed by opposite-sex couples and by same-sex couples, and have the same rights, responsibilities and legal consequences as marriages.
  
  The parties to a civil partnership must be 18 or older and not already married or in a civil partnership. The prohibited degrees of affinity and consanguinuity that apply to a marriage under the Marriage Act also apply under the Civil Union Act; thus a person may not form a civil partnership with his or her direct ancestor or descendant, sibling, uncle or aunt, niece or nephew, or the ancestor or descendant of an ex-spouse.
  
  Civil partnerships must be solemnised by an authorised marriage officer. Government officials (primarily magistrates and Home Affairs civil servants) who are appointed as marriage officers under the Marriage Act are also automatically appointed to solemnise civil partnerships. Religious marriage officers may not solemnise civil partnerships. (They may, however, solemnise marriages under the Civil Union Act.)
  
  Originally, government marriage officers who had an objection of conscience to solemnising same-sex civil partnerships were exempted from doing so if they noted their objection in writing to the Minister of Home Affairs. This exemption was repealed in October 2020 with a two-year transitional period.
  
  The legal consequences of a civil partnership are identical to those of a marriage under the Marriage Act, except for such changes as are required by the context. Any reference to marriage in any law, including the common law, is deemed to include civil partnership in terms of the Civil Union Act; similarly, any reference to husband, wife or spouse in any law is deemed to include a civil partner. The law of divorce for civil partnerships is the same as that for marriage.
  
  The Civil Union Act makes no explicit provisions for the recognition of foreign unions. Based on the principle of lex loci celebrationis, a foreign marriage (including a same-sex marriage) is recognised as a marriage in South African law. However, the status of foreign forms of partnership other than marriage, such as civil unions or domestic partnerships, is not clear. In a 2010 divorce case the Western Cape High Court recognised the validity of a British civil partnership as equivalent to a civil partnership in South African law.
  
  