title: Yellow-legged tinamou
text: # Yellow-legged tinamou
  
  The yellow-legged tinamou (Crypturellus noctivagus) is a species of tinamou found in wooded and shrubby habitats in tropical and subtropical eastern Brazil. This superficially quail-like bird has a grey-brown plumage and two easily separated subspecies. It has declined due to human activities, and is therefore listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN.
  
  ## Subspecies and range
  
  This species has two subspecies:
  
  * C. n. noctivagus, the nominate race, occurs in southeastern Brazil: Minas Gerais (Doce River area), southern Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul.
  * C. n. zabele occurs in northeastern Brazil: Northern Minas Gerais and Bahia to Paraíba and Piauí.
  
  ## Description
  
  The yellow-legged tinamou is approximately 28 to 31 cm (11.0–12.2 in) in length. Its upperparts are grey, its lower back and wings are barred black, its neck and upper breast are greyish, its lower breast is rufous and its belly is whitish. It has a blackish cap and a buffy supercilium. The supercilium is broadest and most prominent in the race zabele, which also is paler overall, has a whiter (less rufescent) throat and brighter yellow legs than the nominate race.
  
  ## Behavior
  
  Like other tinamous, the yellow-legged tinamou eats fruit off the ground or low-lying bushes. They also eat small amounts of invertebrates, flower buds, tender leaves, seeds, and roots. The male incubates the eggs which may come from as many as 4 different females, and then will raise them until they are ready to be on their own, usually 2–3 weeks. The nest is located on the ground in dense brush or between raised root buttresses.
  
  ## Habitat
  
  Its preferred habitat is humid forest, but the subspecies zabele also occurs in drier wooded habitats, such as savanna-woodland and Caatinga. It can be found at elevation of 700 m (2,300 ft) or less.
  
  ## Conservation
  
  The yellow-legged tinamou suffers from widespread and continuing habitat destruction and hunting pressure. Overall, although its numbers are decreasing they are not critical and therefore listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN. It has an occurrence range of 1,470,000 $km^2$ (570,000 sq mi). There are no recent records from parts of its range, and it appears to have been extirpated from Rio de Janeiro.
  
  ## Footnotes
  
  * 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2016). "Crypturellus noctivagus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22678217A92761578. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678217A92761578.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  * 1 2 Brands, S. (2008)
  * 1 2 Clements, J (2007)
  * 1 2 3 4 Sick, H. (1993)
  * ↑ Observadores de Aves de Pernambuco, 2005
  * ↑ Mata, Erize & Rumboll, 2006
  * ↑ Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003)
  * 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2008)
  * ↑ Gagliardi, R. (2010)
  