title: Wibault 220
text: # Wibault 220
  
  The Wibault 220 or Wibault R.N.3 220 was a twin-engined French night reconnaissance aircraft. Two were built in 1930 to a government contract.
  
  ## Design
  
  Michel Wibault was one of the pioneers of all-metal aircraft, along with Hugo Junkers and Claudius Dornier. The Wibault 220, designed for the night reconnaissance role and with a crew of three (hence the R.N.3 designation), had both metal structure and covering, the latter longitudinally corrugated for stiffness where required. Its high, cantilever wing had a rectangular plan centre-section and trapezoidal outer panels. The latter also tapered in section, mostly on the underside, providing a little dihedral. High aspect ratio, unbalanced ailerons filled the outer panels' trailing edges. The wing was built around two І-section spars. Like other Wibault aircraft built before the Wibault 280, the ribs projected through the wing surface, which was constructed from metal strips with turned up edges.
  
  The Wibault 220 was powered by two 450 hp (340 kW) Gnome-Rhône 9Ac Jupiter nine-cylinder radial engines, each wing-mounted under the outer centre-section. They were attached at three points on the front and rear spars by a system of duralumin plates and steel tubes and were enclosed in teardrop cowlings with their cylinder heads exposed for cooling.
  
  Its flat-sided fuselage was dural framed, with all sides covered in corrugated dural sheet. The upper- and undersides had rounded deckings. The nose was semi-cylindrical in plan and contained an open cockpit for the navigator, who was provided with a flexibly mounted pair of machine guns. The pilot was also in an open cockpit, which was built into the wing leading edge; the rear gunner/observer's position was a little behind the trailing edge, equipped with another pair of flexibly mounted guns. Its floor had an opening into which a reconnaissance camera could be fitted. The gunner also had access to a ventral gun position. Behind him the fuselage tapered slightly to a conventional, cantilever tail with its triangular tailplane mounted on top and carrying narrow chord elevators. The fin was also triangular, with a tall, trapezoidal rudder which extended to the keel.
  
  The Wibault 220 had fixed, conventional landing gear with its mainwheels on V-struts hinged to the lower fuselage frames. The wheels were positioned below the engines, to which they were connected by vertical Messier oleo legs so that the track was a generous 4.80 m (15 ft 9 in). The tailskid also had a Messier shock absorber and was steerable.
  
  ## Development
  
  The French Senate approved the order for two examples of the Wibault 220 in March 1930 and both were reported as under construction in April. By late May 1930 one was being tested at Villacoublay and by early June Raoul Ribière had made several flights. After that, nothing more about the 220 appears in the French aviation journals.
  
  ## Specifications
  
  Data from L'Année aéronautique 1930-31 except where noted
  
  General characteristics
  
  * Crew: Three: pilot, navigator, gunner
  * Length: 12 m (39 ft 4 in)
  * Wingspan: 18.22 m (59 ft 9 in)
  * Height: 4 m (13 ft 1 in)
  * Wing area: 52.80 $m^2$ (568.3 sq ft)
  * Empty weight: 2,481 kg (5,470 lb)
  * Gross weight: 3,616 kg (7,972 lb)
  * Fuel capacity: 735 L (162 imp gal; 194 US gal)
  * Powerplant: 2 × Gnome-Rhône 9Ac Jupiter 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines, 340 kW (450 hp) each
  * Propellers: 2-bladed
  
  Performance
  
  * Maximum speed: 197 km/h (122 mph, 106 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft) (all performance figures with full load)
  * Range: 1,200 km (750 mi, 650 nmi)
  * Service ceiling: 5,850 m (19,190 ft) reached in 43 min
  * Time to altitude: 10 min 34 sec to 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
  
  Armament
  
  * Guns: 5 × 7.7 mm (0.303 in) Lewis guns; 2 in nose, paired on flexible mount, 2 in dorsal cockpit, paired on flexible mount, 1 in a ventral mount. Some sources report a single Lewis gun in nose.
  