title: List of terms used in bird topography
text: # List of terms used in bird topography
  
  The following is a list of terms used in bird topography:
  
  ## Plumage features
  
  * Back
  * Belly
  * Breast
  * Cheek
  * Chin
  * Crest
  * Crown
  * Crown patch
  * Ear-coverts
  * Eye-ring
  * Eyestripe (or eye line)
  * Feather, see category: Category:Feathers
  * Flanks
  * Forecrown
  * Gorget
  * Hood (or half-hood)
  * Lateral throat stripe
  * Lores
  * Malar
  * Mantle
  * Mask
  * Moustachial stripe
  * Nape
  * Nuchal collar
  * Operculum (on pigeons).
  * Pennaceous feathers
  * Postocular stripe
  * Remiges
  * Rump
  * Spectacles
  * Submoustachial stripe
  * Supercilium
  * Supraloral
  * Parts of the tail include:
     * Rectrices
     * Tail corner
     * Terminal band
        * Subterminal band
  * Throat
  * Undertail coverts
  * Upper mandible (or maxilla)
  * Uppertail coverts
  * Vent, crissum or cloaca
     * Vent band
  * Parts of the wings include:
     * Alula
     * Apical spot
     * Axillar
     * Bend of wing
     * Carpal covert
     * Emargination
     * Greater coverts
     * Leading edge of wing
     * Lesser coverts
     * Marginal coverts
     * Median coverts
     * Mirror (on gulls)
     * Primaries
        * Primary projection
        * Primary numbers (e.g. 1, 2, 3, etc.)
     * Scapulars
        * Scapular crescent (on gulls)
     * Secondaries
     * Speculum
     * Tertials
        * Tertial step (on gulls)
     * Trailing edge of wing
     * Upper scapulars
     * Wing bar
     * Wing coverts
     * Wing edging
     * Wing linings
     * Wing tip or point (denoted by the number of the longest primary, counted from the carpal joint)
  
  ## Bare-parts features
  
  * Beak or bill
     * Cere
     * Culmen
     * Gape
     * Gonys
        * Gonydeal angle
        * Gonydeal spot
     * Nail (of beak)
     * Nares
     * Rhamphotheca
        * Gnathotheca
        * Rhinotheca
     * Tomia
  * Brooding patch
  * Caruncle (bird anatomy)
  * Comb, or Coxcomb
  * Orbital skin, or orbital ring
  * Tarsus
  * Tibia
  * Wattle
  