title: 1945 Chelmsford by-election
text: # 1945 Chelmsford by-election
  
  The 1945 Chelmsford by-election was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Chelmsford, Essex on 26 April 1945.
  
  ## Vacancy
  
  The by-election was caused by the death of the sitting Conservative MP, John Macnamara. He was killed on active service in Italy on 22 December 1944. He had been MP here since holding the seat in 1935.
  
  ## Election history
  
  Chelmsford had been won by the Conservative Party at every election since 1924, when they re-gained the seat from the Liberals, and was now a safe seat. The result at the last General election was as follows;
  
  1935 general election : Chelmsford Electorate 61,661 :
  
  | Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
  | - | - | - | - | - |
  | | Conservative | John Macnamara | 28,314 | 70.8 |
  | | Labour | Fred Hughes | 11,690 | 29.2 |
  | Majority | Majority | Majority | 16,624 | 41.6 |
  | Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 40,004 | 65.4 |
  | | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | |
  
  ## Candidates
  
  The local Conservatives selected 35-year-old Flight Lieutenant Brian Cook. Before the war he was a painter, designer and publisher. The Labour party had selected Dr Mary Day to contest a General Election expected to take place in 1939-40. There had been no Liberal selected.
  
  At the outbreak of war, the Conservative, Liberal and Labour parties had agreed an electoral truce which meant that when a by-election occurred, the party that was defending the seat would not be opposed by an official candidate from the other two parties. When the Labour and Liberal parties joined the Coalition government, it was agreed that any by-election candidate defending a government seat would receive a letter of endorsement jointly signed by all the party leaders.
  
  The Common Wealth Party put forward 29-year-old Ernest Millington as candidate. He served with the RAF Bomber Command during the Second World War, where he rose to the rank of wing commander and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross in 1945.
  
  ## Campaign
  
  Polling day was set for 26 April 1945. When nominations closed, it was to reveal a two horse race, between the Conservative Cook and Millington for the Common Wealth party.
  
  Cook received a joint letter of endorsement from all the leaders of the parties in the coalition.
  
  Millington advocated a socialist programme based on nationalisation of the land and public ownership.
  
  ## Result
  
  Millington gained the seat;
  
  Chelmsford by-election, 1945 Electorate 78,806 :
  
  | Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
  | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  | | Common Wealth | Ernest Millington | 24,548 | 57.5 | New |
  | | Conservative | Brian Batsford | 18,117 | 42.5 | -28.3 |
  | Majority | Majority | Majority | 6,431 | 15.0 | N/A |
  | Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 42,665 | 54.1 | -11.3 |
  | | Common Wealth gain from Conservative | Common Wealth gain from Conservative | Swing | | |
  
  ## Aftermath
  
  When the 29-year-old Millington took his seat, he was the youngest MP in the House, which had been elected in 1935. The victory signalled the shift in public opinion that led the Labour party to pull out of the wartime coalition government and win a landslide victory in the 5 July 1945 general election. Millington held his seat in the 1945 general election and joined the Labour Party in April 1946. The result at the following General election;
  
  General election 1945: Chelmsford Electorate 79,638 :
  
  | Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
  | - | - | - | - | - |
  | | Common Wealth | Ernest Millington | 27,309 | 46.7 |
  | | Conservative | Hubert Ashton | 25,229 | 43.2 |
  | | Liberal | Hilda Buckmaster | 5,909 | 10.1 |
  | Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,080 | 3.5 |
  | Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 58,447 | 73.4 |
  | | Common Wealth hold | Common Wealth hold | Swing | |
  
  Cook, as Brian Batsford, was elected as Tory MP for Ealing South at a by-election on 12 June 1958.
  
  