title: Peter Macklem
text: # Peter Macklem
  
  Peter Tiffany Macklem (October 4, 1931 – February 11, 2011), OC, FRCP(C), FRSC was a Canadian doctor, medical researcher and hospital administrator.
  
  ## Life
  
  Peter Tiffany Macklem was born in 1931 in Kingston, Ontario, and grew up there. He was educated at Queen's University and McGill University Medical School, receiving his MD, CM from McGill in 1956.
  
  He married Joy Belcourt and had five children. A resident of the Thousand Islands area, he helped lead the campaign (still in progress) to have the Saint Lawrence River named a Canadian Heritage River. He was also president of the Thousand Islands Area Residents' Association.
  
  He died suddenly at home in Brockville in 2011, at the age of 79.
  
  His nephew, Tiff Macklem, is the current Governor of the Bank of Canada.
  
  ## Medical career
  
  Macklem trained as a resident in internal medicine at the Royal Victoria Hospital (RVH) and then became a research fellow in the cardio-respiratory service for the hospital. This formed the basis for his lifelong interest in the mechanics of breathing. In 1963, he became a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. In 1967, Maklem became director of the Respiratory division at the RVH.
  
  In 1972, he became a professor of Medicine at McGill and senior physician at the RVH. He was founding director of the Meakins-Christie Laboratories at McGill from 1972 to 1979. In 1979, he became chief physician at the RVH and, the following year, chair of the Department of Medicine at McGill. In 1987, he became chief physician at the Montreal Chest Institute.
  
  ## Research
  
  Macklem pioneered the study of small airway physiology in the lungs and demonstrated the early lung damage caused by smoking. He was an early explorer of the concept of respiratory muscle fatigue and shone a light on its role in respiratory disease.
  
  ## Awards and honors
  
  In 1982, he was named a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and, in 1988, an Officer in the Order of Canada.
  
  In 1999, he was awarded the Trudeau Medal of the American Lung Association and the Gairdner Foundation Wightman Award. In 2003, he was awarded the Prix Michel-Sarrazin. Macklem was inducted into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame in 2012.
  
  