title: Brahmi (Unicode block)
text: # Brahmi (Unicode block)
  
  Brahmi is a Unicode block containing characters written in India from the 3rd century BCE through the first millennium CE. It is the predecessor to all modern Indic scripts.
  
  Brahmi Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) :
  
  | | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
  | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  | U+1100x | 𑀀 | 𑀁 | 𑀂 | 𑀃 | 𑀄 | 𑀅 | 𑀆 | 𑀇 | 𑀈 | 𑀉 | 𑀊 | 𑀋 | 𑀌 | 𑀍 | 𑀎 | 𑀏 |
  | U+1101x | 𑀐 | 𑀑 | 𑀒 | 𑀓 | 𑀔 | 𑀕 | 𑀖 | 𑀗 | 𑀘 | 𑀙 | 𑀚 | 𑀛 | 𑀜 | 𑀝 | 𑀞 | 𑀟 |
  | U+1102x | 𑀠 | 𑀡 | 𑀢 | 𑀣 | 𑀤 | 𑀥 | 𑀦 | 𑀧 | 𑀨 | 𑀩 | 𑀪 | 𑀫 | 𑀬 | 𑀭 | 𑀮 | 𑀯 |
  | U+1103x | 𑀰 | 𑀱 | 𑀲 | 𑀳 | 𑀴 | 𑀵 | 𑀶 | 𑀷 | 𑀸 | 𑀹 | 𑀺 | 𑀻 | 𑀼 | 𑀽 | 𑀾 | 𑀿 |
  | U+1104x | 𑁀 | 𑁁 | 𑁂 | 𑁃 | 𑁄 | 𑁅 | 𑁆 | 𑁇 | 𑁈 | 𑁉 | 𑁊 | 𑁋 | 𑁌 | 𑁍 | | |
  | U+1105x | | | 𑁒 | 𑁓 | 𑁔 | 𑁕 | 𑁖 | 𑁗 | 𑁘 | 𑁙 | 𑁚 | 𑁛 | 𑁜 | 𑁝 | 𑁞 | 𑁟 |
  | U+1106x | 𑁠 | 𑁡 | 𑁢 | 𑁣 | 𑁤 | 𑁥 | 𑁦 | 𑁧 | 𑁨 | 𑁩 | 𑁪 | 𑁫 | 𑁬 | 𑁭 | 𑁮 | 𑁯 |
  | U+1107x | 𑁰 | 𑁱 | 𑁲 | 𑁳 | 𑁴 | 𑁵 | | | | | | | | | | BNJ |
  | Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 15.0 2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points |||||||||||||||||
  
  ## History
  
  The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Brahmi block:
  
  | Version | Final code points | Count | L2 ID | WG2 ID | Document |
  | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/98-032 | N1685 | Everson, Michael (1998-01-18), Proposal to encode Brahmi in Plane 1 of ISO/IEC 10646 |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/98-286 | N1703 | Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1998-07-02), "8.19", Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting #34, Redmond, WA, USA; 1998-03-16--20 |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/00-128 | | Bunz, Carl-Martin (2000-03-01), Scripts from the Past in Future Versions of Unicode |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/02-397 | | Baums, Stefan; Glass, Andrew (2002-11-02), Note for the UTC on the encoding of Brahmi in Unicode |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/03-249R | | Baums, Stefan; Glass, Andrew (2003-07-27), Proposal for the Encoding of Brahmi in Plane 1 of ISO/IEC 10646 |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/08-277R | N3490R | Everson, Michael; Glass, Andrew; Baums, Stefan (2007-08-14), Progressing the encoding of Brahmi in the SMP of the UCS |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/07-342 | N3491 | Baums, Stefan; Glass, Andrew (2007-10-09), Proposal for the encoding of Brāhmī in Plane 1 of ISO/IEC 10646 |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/07-406 | | Glass, Andrew; Baums, Stefan (2007-10-31), Scripts on Roadmap covered by Brahmi encoding (L2/07-342) |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/08-253R2 | | Moore, Lisa (2008-08-19), "Brahmi (B.15.1, C.3.1)", UTC #116 Minutes |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/08-412 | N3553 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2008-11-05), "M53.22", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 53 |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/12-020 | | Sharma, Shriramana (2012-01-12), Special rendering of some jihvamuliya/upadhmaniya characters |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/12-031 | | Anderson, Deborah; McGowan, Rick; Whistler, Ken (2012-01-27), "III. BRAHMI", Review of Indic-related L2 documents and Recommendations to the UTC |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/12-007 | | Moore, Lisa (2012-02-14), "Consensus 130-C11", UTC #130 / L2 #227 Minutes, The UTC has determined that a virama should not be used in Sharada sequences involving Jihvamuliya and Upadhmaniya. |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/12-106 | | Sharma, Shriramana (2012-03-17), "5. Brahmi", Request for editorial updates to various Indic scripts |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/12-147 | | Anderson, Deborah; McGowan, Rick; Whistler, Ken (2012-04-25), "V. BRAHMI", Review of Indic-related L2 documents and Recommendations to the UTC |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/12-239 | | Moore, Lisa (2012-08-14), "Consensus 132-C16", UTC #132 Minutes, Create a glyph erratum for Brahmi Letter LLLA based on the image in document L2/12-292. |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/14-066 | | Sharma, Shriramana (2014-02-07), Representation of the Brahmi and Kannada Jihvamuliya/Upadhmaniya Characters in the Code Charts |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/16-343 | | A, Srinidhi; A, Sridatta (2016-11-05), Request to change the glyphs of Brahmi vowel signs Vocalic R and Vocalic RR |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/16-321R | | A, Srinidhi; A, Sridatta (2016-12-23), Request to change the glyph of 11008 BRAHMI LETTER II |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/17-037 | | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Glass, Andrew; Iancu, Laurențiu; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai; Ishida, Richard; Misra, Karan; McGowan, Rick (2017-01-21), "3. Brahmi", Recommendations to UTC #150 January 2017 on Script Proposals |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/17-016 | | Moore, Lisa (2017-02-08), "Consensus 150-C11, Action item 150-A64", UTC #150 Minutes |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/17-224 | | McGowan, Rick (2017-07-25), "Dotted box for Brahmi/Kannada fricative characters", Comments on Public Review Issues (May 01 - July 25, 2017) |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/17-426 | | A, Srinidhi; A, Sridatta (2017-12-08), Request to change the glyphs of THIRTY and FORTY of Brahmi |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/18-039 | | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai; Cook, Richard (2018-01-19), "8. Brahmi", Recommendations to UTC #154 January 2018 on Script Proposals |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/17-362 | | Moore, Lisa (2018-02-02), "153-A92", UTC #153 Minutes |
  | 6.0 | U+11000..1104D, 11052..1106F | 108 | L2/18-115 | | Moore, Lisa (2018-05-09), "Action item 154-A103", UTC #155 Minutes, Create a glyph erratum for U+1105D and U+1105E. |
  | 7.0 | U+1107F | 1 | L2/10-340 | | Sharma, Shriramana (2010-09-14), Using ZWJ in the encoded representation of Brahmi numbers |
  | 7.0 | U+1107F | 1 | L2/10-440 | | Anderson, Deborah; McGowan, Rick; Whistler, Ken (2010-10-27), "3. Brahmi Numbers", Review of Indic-related L2 documents and Recommendations to the UTC |
  | 7.0 | U+1107F | 1 | L2/10-416R | | Moore, Lisa (2010-11-09), "Action item 125-A20", UTC #125 / L2 #222 Minutes, Create an alternate proposal for Brahmi numbers. |
  | 7.0 | U+1107F | 1 | L2/11-357R | N4166 | Glass, Andrew; Sharma, Shriramana (2011-11-02), Proposal to encode 1107F Brahmi Number Joiner |
  | 7.0 | U+1107F | 1 | L2/11-353 | | Moore, Lisa (2011-11-30), "D.8", UTC #129 / L2 #226 Minutes |
  | 7.0 | U+1107F | 1 | | N4253 (pdf, doc) | "M59.16d", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 59, 2012-09-12 |
  | 14.0 | U+11070..11075 | 6 | L2/19-402 | | Rajan, Vinodh; Sharma, Shriramana (2019-12-18), Proposal to Encode 6 Characters in the Brahmi Block |
  | 14.0 | U+11070..11075 | 6 | L2/20-046 | | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai (2020-01-10), "7. Brahmi", Recommendations to UTC #162 January 2020 on Script Proposals |
  | 14.0 | U+11070..11075 | 6 | L2/20-015R | | Moore, Lisa (2020-05-14), "D.3 Proposal to Encode 6 Characters in the Brahmi Block", Draft Minutes of UTC Meeting 162 |
  | 14.0 | U+11070..11075 | 6 | L2/20-129 | | Ganesan, Naga (2020-06-01), Comments on L2/20-069: Encoding of Tamil Brahmi Virama (U+11070) |
  | 14.0 | U+11070..11075 | 6 | L2/20-169 | | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Moore, Lisa; Constable, Peter; Liang, Hai (2020-07-21), "10. Brahmi", Recommendations to UTC #164 July 2020 on Script Proposals |
  | 14.0 | U+11070..11075 | 6 | L2/20-172 | | Moore, Lisa (2020-08-03), "Consensus 164-C13", UTC #164 Minutes |
  | ↑ Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names ||||||
  