title: Xanthoperla apicalis
text: # Xanthoperla apicalis
  
  Xanthoperla apicalis is a species of stoneflies in the family Chloroperlidae.
  
  ## Subspecies
  
  * Xanthoperla apicalis hamulata (Morton, 1930)
  
  ## Distribution and habitat
  
  This species is present in most of Europe (Albania, Belgium, Germany, Great Britain, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Italy, Norway, Austria, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, Spain, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Hungary, Republic of North Macedonia, Ukraine). Only known in UK from three specimens in the Oxford Museum of Natural History, locality of origin unknown. These stoneflies occur in lakes, streams and wetlands.
  
  ## Description
  
  Xanthoperla apicalis can reach a body length of about 5.5 mm (0.22 in) in males, of about 6 mm (0.24 in) in females, with a forewing length of about of 6–.9 mm (0.236–0.035 in) in males and of 6.8–7.9 mm (0.27–0.31 in) in females. These small stoneflies have convex and protruding eyes and a rather narrow and long pronotum. The head is pale yellow, with black margins. Abdomen shows a relatively short dorsal dark. Legs are yellowish.
  
  ## Biology
  
  This species of stoneflies has one generation a year (univoltine). Adults can be found from Spring to Summer, between May and July. Larvae have a carnivorous-detritivorous diet, while adults feed on pollen from angiosperms and pinaceae.
  
  