title: Old Guangde dialect
text: # Old Guangde dialect
  
  The Old Guangde dialect is a Northern Wu dialect spoken in southeastern Anhui province in southeastern Guangde county, China. It is now losing ground to the New Guangde dialect, a Jianghuai Mandarin dialect. It is closely related to Shanghainese and the Suzhou dialect, but its closest relative is the Huzhou dialect. It is a Northern Wu dialect exclave surrounded by speakers of Jianghuai Mandarin and Xuanzhou Wu.
  
  ## Phonology
  
  ### Initials
  
  | p | 布別 | pʰ | 怕泡 | b | 步盤 | m | 門妹 | f | 飛夫 | v | 符飯 |
  | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  | t | 到黨 | tʰ | 太討 | d | 同地 | l | 難路 |
  | k | 高貴 | kʰ | 開快 | g | 葵 | ŋ | 牙硬 | h | 灰化 | ɦ | 話紅 |
  | ʨ | 精檢主 | ʨʰ | 秋去醜 | ʥ | 旗橋 | ȵ | 女日硯 | ɕ | 修收書 | ʑ | 玄蛇 |
  | ts | 招爭祖 | tsʰ | 昌倉初 | dz | 曹蟲鋤 | | | s | 三生聲 | z | 上 |
  | Ø | 耳姨午雲 |
  
  ### Finals
  
  | ɿ | 絲支 | i | 蛇爺天弟飛 | u | 古午 | ʮ | 雨書 |
  | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  | ɚ | 耳兒 |
  | a | 爬啞 | ia | 亞架 | ua | 瓜話 |
  | ɛ | 袋膽 | iɛ | 香張 | uɛ | 怪關 |
  | | | ie | 姐 |
  | ɯ | 猴盤短岸 | iɯ | 流手 | uɯ | 官碗 |
  | o | 河 |
  | ɔ | 保桃 | iɔ | 條繞 |
  | ei | 被妹 | uei | 桂灰 | | | yei | 水船圓 |
  | en | 根門 | in | 心認 | un | 溫魂 | yn | 雲閏 |
  | aŋ | 黨床 | iaŋ | 將揚 | uaŋ | 光黃 |
  | oŋ | 從紅翁 | ioŋ | 窮雄 |
  | aʔ | 辣甲 白讀 | iaʔ | 甲腳藥 | uaʔ | 刮滑 |
  | əʔ | 色割白北百 | iəʔ | 踢鐵熱 | | | yəʔ | 缺月 |
  | oʔ | 綠合落郭 | ioʔ | 欲約確 | uoʔ | 谷國活 |
  | m̩ | 姆 |
  
  ## Tones
  
  | Traditional description | Tone | Examples |
  | - | - | - |
  | 陰平 Yin Ping | 34(33) | 高天三開 |
  | 陽平 Yang Ping | 14 | 陳盤窮田 |
  | 陰上 Yin Shang | 54(55) | 古姐麻娘 |
  | 陽上 Yang Shang | 21 | 老女近父 |
  | 去聲 Qu Sheng | 324 | 蓋放岸用 共大樹飯 |
  | 陰入 Yin Ru | 5 | 急尺藥合 |
  | 陰上 Yin Shang | 12 | 食讀服實 |
  
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