title: List of human blood components
text: # List of human blood components
  
  | Compound | Comments | In whole blood $(g/cm^3)$ | In plasma or serum $(g/cm^3)$ |
  | - | - | - | - |
  | Water | Solvent | 0.81-0.86 | 0.93-0.95 |
  | Acetoacetate | Produced in liver | 8-40 $×10^{−7}$ | 4-43 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Acetone | product of bodyfat breakdown | 3-20 $×10^{−6}$ | |
  | Acetylcholine | Neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system | 6.6-8.2 $×10^{−8}$ | |
  | Adenosine triphosphate | Energy storage | Energy storage | Energy storage |
  | Adenosine triphosphate | total | 3.1-5.7 $×10^{−4}$ | |
  | Adenosine triphosphate | phosphorus | 5-10 $×10^{−5}$ | |
  | Adrenocorticotrophic hormone | Stimulates the adrenal cortex | Stimulates the adrenal cortex | 2.5-12 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Adrenocorticotrophic hormone | @ 6AM, mean | | 5.5 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Adrenocorticotrophic hormone | @ 6AM, maximum | | 12 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Adrenocorticotrophic hormone | @ 6PM, mean | | 3.5 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Adrenocorticotrophic hormone | @ 6PM, maximum | | <7.5 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Alanine | Amino acid | 2.7-5.5 $×10^{−5}$ | 2.4-7.6 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Albumin | Blood plasma protein | | 3.5-5.0 $×10^{−2}$ |
  | Aluminum | | 1-40 $×10^{−8}$ | 1-88 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Selenium | | 60–150 ng/mL | |
  | Aldosterone | Regulates electrolyte balance | Regulates electrolyte balance | Regulates electrolyte balance |
  | Aldosterone | supine | | 3-10 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Aldosterone | standing, male | | 6-22 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Aldosterone | standing, female | | 5-30 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Amino acids | Protein building blocks | Protein building blocks | Protein building blocks |
  | Amino acids | total | 3.8-5.3 $×10^{−4}$ | |
  | Amino acids | nitrogen | 4.6-6.8 $×10^{−5}$ | 3.0-5.5 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | alpha-Aminobutyric acid | | 1-2 $×10^{−6}$ | 1-2 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | δ-Aminolevulinic acid | | | 1.5-2.3 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Ammonia nitrogen | | 1-2 $×10^{−6}$ | 1.0-4.9 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | cAMP | Intracellular signal transduction molecule | Intracellular signal transduction molecule | Intracellular signal transduction molecule |
  | cAMP | male | | 5.6-10.9 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | cAMP | female | | 3.6-8.9 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Androstenedione | Steroid hormone | Steroid hormone | Steroid hormone |
  | Androstenedione | male >18 yrs | | 2-30 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Androstenedione | female >18 yrs | | 8-30 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Androsterone | Steroid hormone | | 1.5 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Angiotensin I | Angiotensin II precursor | | 1.1-8.8 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Angiotensin II | Vasoconstrictor | | 1.2-3.6 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Alpha 1-antitrypsin | Serine protease inhibitor | | 7.8-20 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Arginine | Amino acid | 6-17 $×10^{−6}$ | 1.3-3.6 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Arsenic | normal range | 2-62 $×10^{−9}$ | |
  | Arsenic | chronic poisoning | 100-500 $×10^{−9}$ | |
  | Arsenic | acute poisoning | 600-9300 $×10^{−9}$ | |
  | Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) | Important vitamin | 1-15 $×10^{−6}$ | 6-20 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Aspartic acid | Amino acid | | 0-3 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Aspartic acid | In WBCs | 2.5-4.0 $×10^{−4}$ | 9-12 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Bicarbonate | Buffer in blood | | 5-5.7 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Bile acids | Digestive function, bilirubin excretion | 2-30 $×10^{−6}$ | 3-30 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Bilirubin | Hemoglobin metabolite | 2-14 $×10^{−6}$ | 1-10 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Biotin (Vitamin H) | Gluconeogenesis, metabolize leucine, fatty acid synthesis | 7-17 $×10^{−9}$ | 9-16 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | | | 8-23 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Bradykinin | | | 7 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Bromide | | | 7-10 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Cadmium | normal | 1-5 $×10^{−9}$ | |
  | Cadmium | toxic | 0.1-3 $×10^{−6}$ | |
  | Calciferol (vitamin $D_2)$ | Maintain calcium and phosphorus levels | | 1.7-4.1 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Calcitonin (CT) | Hormone | | <1.0 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Calcium | Bones, $Ca^{2+}$ | Bones, $Ca^{2+}$ | Bones, $Ca^{2+}$ |
  | Calcium | ionized | 4.48-4.92 $×10^{−5}$ | 4.25-5.25 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Calcium | total | | 8.4-11.5 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Carbon dioxide | Respiratory gas | Respiratory gas | Respiratory gas |
  | Carbon dioxide | arterial | 8.8-10.8 $×10^{−4}$ | 3.0-7.9 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Carbon dioxide | venous | 9.8-11.8 $×10^{−4}$ | 3.3-8.3 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Carboxyhemoglobin(as HbCO) | nonsmokers | 0.5-1.5% total Hb | |
  | Carboxyhemoglobin(as HbCO) | smokers, 1-2 packs/day | 4-5% total Hb | |
  | Carboxyhemoglobin(as HbCO) | smokers, 2 packs/day | 8-9% total Hb | |
  | Carboxyhemoglobin(as HbCO) | toxic | >20% total Hb | |
  | Carboxyhemoglobin(as HbCO) | lethal | >50% total Hb | |
  | Carcinoembryonic antigen | | | <2.5 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | beta-Carotene | Vitamin A dimer | Vitamin A dimer | 3-25 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Carotenoids | Antioxidant | 2.4-23.1 $×10^{−7}$ | |
  | Cephalin | | 3-11.5 $×10^{−4}$ | 0-1 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Ceruloplasmin | | | 1.5-6 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Chloride, as NaCl | | 4.5-5 $×10^{−3}$ | 3.5-3.8 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) | 1, 25-dihydroxy | | 2.5-4.5 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) | 24,25-dihydroxy | | 1.5 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) | 25-hydroxy | | 1.4-8 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Cholecystokinin (pancreozymin) | Stimulates fat and protein digestion | Stimulates fat and protein digestion | 6.04 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Cholesterol | Steroid lipid | Steroid lipid | Steroid lipid |
  | Cholesterol | LDLC | | 0.5-2.0 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Cholesterol | HDLC | | 2.9-9.0 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Cholesterol | total | 1.15-2.25 $×10^{−3}$ | 1.2-2 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Choline, total | | 1.1-3.1 $×10^{−4}$ | 3.6-3.5 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Chorionic gonadotropin | Progesterone secretion during pregnancy | Progesterone secretion during pregnancy | Progesterone secretion during pregnancy |
  | Chorionic gonadotropin | Menstrual | | 0-3 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Chorionic gonadotropin | Pregnancy, 1st trimester | | 5-3300 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Chorionic gonadotropin | Pregnancy, 2nd trimester | | 20-1000 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Chorionic gonadotropin | Pregnancy, 3rd trimester | | 20-50 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Chorionic gonadotropin | Menopausal | | 3-30 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Citric acid | | 1.3-2.5 $×10^{−5}$ | 1.6-3.2 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Citrulline | | | 2-10 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Coagulation Factors | Fibrinogen | 1.2-1.6 $×10^{−3}$ | 2-4 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Coagulation Factors | Prothrombin | | 1 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Coagulation Factors | Tissue thromboplastin | | 1 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Coagulation Factors | Proaccelerin | | 5-12 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Coagulation Factors | Proconvertin | | 1 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Coagulation Factors | Antihemophilic factor | | 1 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Coagulation Factors | Christmas factor | | 4 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Coagulation Factors | Stuart factor | | 5 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Coagulation Factors | Plasma thrmb. anteced. | | 4 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Coagulation Factors | Hageman factor | | 2.9 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Coagulation Factors | Fibrin-stabilizing factor | | 1 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Coagulation Factors | Fibrin split products | | <1 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Coagulation Factors | Fletcher factor | | 5 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Coagulation Factors | Fitzgerald factor | | 7 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Coagulation Factors | von Willebrand factor | | 7 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Cobalamin (Vitamin $B_{12})$ | Needed for nerve cells, red blood cells, and to make DNA | 6-14 $×10^{−10}$ | 1-10 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Cocarboxylase | | | 7-9 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Complement system | C1q | | 5.8-7.2 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Complement system | C1r | | 2.5-3.8 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Complement system | C1s (C1 esterase) | | 2.5-3.8 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Complement system | C2 | | 2.2-3.4 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Complement system | C3( b1C-globulin) | | 8-15.5 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Complement system | factor B (C3 proactivator) | | 2-4.5 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Complement system | C4 (b1E-globulin) | | 1.3-3.7 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Complement system | C4 binding protein | | 1.8-3.2 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Complement system | C5 (b1F-globulin) | | 5.1-7.7 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Complement system | C6 | | 4.8-6.4 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Complement system | C7 | | 4.9-7 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Complement system | C8 | | 4.3-6.3 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Complement system | C9 | | 4.7-6.9 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Complement system | Properdin | | 2.4-3.2 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Compound S | | | 1-3 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Copper | | 9-15 $×10^{−7}$ | |
  | Copper | male | | 7-14 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Copper | female | | 8-15.5 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Corticosteroids | Steroid hormones | Steroid hormones | 1-4 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Corticosterone | | | 4-20 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Cortisol | Inhibits CRH secretion | Inhibits CRH secretion | 3-23 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Cortisol | 8 AM | | 6-23 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Cortisol | 4 PM | | 3-15 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Cortisol | 10 PM | | ~50% of 8 AM value |
  | C-peptide | fasting | | 0.5-2.0 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | C-peptide | maximum | | 4 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | C-reactive protein | Plasma protein | Plasma protein | 6.8-820 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Creatine | Assists muscle cell energy supply | Assists muscle cell energy supply | Assists muscle cell energy supply |
  | Creatine | male | | 1.7-5.0 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Creatine | female | | 3.5-9.3 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Creatinine | male | | 0.8-1.5 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Creatinine | female | | 0.7-1.2 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Cyanide | nonsmokers | | 4 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Cyanide | smokers | | 6 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Cyanide | nitroprusside therapy | | 10-60 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Cyanide | toxic | | >100 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Cyanide | lethal | | >1000 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Cysteine | Amino acid | 6-12 $×10^{−6}$ | 1.8-5 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | Steroid hormone | Steroid hormone | Steroid hormone |
  | Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | aged 1–4 yrs | | 0.2-0.4 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | aged 4–8 yrs | | 0.1-1.9 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | aged 8–10 yrs | | 0.2-2.9 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | aged 10–12 yrs | | 0.5-9.2 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | aged 12–14 yrs | | 0.9-20 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | aged 14–16 yrs | | 2.5-20 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | male | | 0.8-10 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | female, premenopausal | | 2.0-15 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | DHEA sulfate | male | | 1.99-3.34 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | DHEA sulfate | female | | |
  | DHEA sulfate | newborn | | 1.67-3.64 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | DHEA sulfate | pre-pubertal children | | 1.0-6.0 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | DHEA sulfate | premenopausal | | 8.2-33.8 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | DHEA sulfate | pregnancy | | 2.3-11.7 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | DHEA sulfate | postmenopausal | | 1.1-6.1 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | 11-Deoxycortisol | | | 1-7 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) | male | | 3-8 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) | female | | 1-10 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Diphosphoglycerate (phosphate) | | 8-16 $×10^{−5}$ | |
  | DNA | The molecule of heredity | The molecule of heredity | 0-1.6 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Dopamine | Neurotransmitter | Neurotransmitter | <1.36 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Enzymes, total | | | <6 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Epidermal growth factor (EGF) | | | <1 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Epinephrine | Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system | Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system | Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system |
  | Epinephrine | after 15 min rest | | 3.1-9.5 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Epinephrine | when emitted | 3.8 $×10^{−9}$ | 2-2.5 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Ergothioneine | | 1-20 $×10^{−5}$ | |
  | Erythrocytes $(#/cm^3)$ | adult male, avg. (range) | 5.2 (4.6-6.2) $×10^9$ | |
  | Erythrocytes $(#/cm^3)$ | adult female, avg. (range) | 4.6 (4.2-5.4) $×10^9$ | |
  | Erythrocytes $(#/cm^3)$ | children, varies with age | 4.5-5.1 $×10^9$ | |
  | Erythrocytes $(#/cm^3)$ | reticulocytes | 25-75 $×10^6$ | |
  | Erythropoietin | adult, normal | | 0.5-2.5 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Erythropoietin | pregnant | | 2.7-6.2 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Erythropoietin | hypoxia or anemia | | 0.8-8.0 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Estradiol (E2) | male | | 8-36 $×10^{−12}$ |
  | Estradiol (E2) | female, follicular(days 1-10) | | 1-9 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Estradiol (E2) | female, mean | | 5 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Estradiol (E2) | female, pre-fertile (days 10-12) | | 10-15 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Estradiol (E2) | female, fertile (days 12-14) | | 35-60 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Estradiol (E2) | female, luteal (days 15-28) | | 20-40 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Estradiol (E2) | female, pregnancy | | 3-70 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Estradiol (E2) | female, postmenopausal | | 1-3 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Estriol (E3) | nonpregnant | | <2 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Estriol (E3) | pregnancy, weeks 22-30 | | 3-5 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Estriol (E3) | pregnancy, weeks 32-37 | | 6-11 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Estriol (E3) | pregnancy, weeks 38-41 | | 25-170 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Estrogen | male | | 4-11.5 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Estrogen | female, prepubertal | | <4 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Estrogen | female, 1–10 days | | 6.1-39.4 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Estrogen | female, 11–20 days | | 12.2-43.7 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Estrogen | female, 21–30 days | | 15.6-35 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Estrogen | female, postmenopausal | | <4 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Estrone (E1) | male | | 2.9-17 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Estrone (E1) | female, follicular | | 2-15 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Estrone (E1) | female, 1–10 days of cycle | | 4.3-18 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Estrone (E1) | female, 11–20 days of cycle | | 7.5-19.6 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Estrone (E1) | female, 20–29 days of cycle | | 13.1-20.1 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Estrone (E1) | pregnancy, weeks 22-30 | | 3-5 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Estrone (E1) | pregnancy, weeks 32-37 | | 5-6 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Estrone (E1) | pregnancy, weeks 38-41 | | 7-10 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Ethanol | social high | | 0.5 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Ethanol | reduced coordination | | 0.8 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Ethanol | depression of CNS | | >1 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Ethanol | confusion, falling down | | 2.0 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Ethanol | loss of consciousness | | 3.0 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Ethanol | coma, death | | >4 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Fatty acids | nonesterified (free) | | 8-25 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Fatty acids | esterified | 2.5-3.9 $×10^{−3}$ | 7-20 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Fatty acids | total | | 1.9-4.5 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Ferritin | male | | 1.5-30 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Ferritin | female | | 0.9-18 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | alpha-1-Fetoprotein | | | 0-2 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Flavin adenine dinucleotide | | | 8-12 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Fluoride | | 1-4.5 $×10^{−7}$ | 1-4.5 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Folate | | | 2.2-17.3 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Folate | in erythrocyte | | 1.67-7.07 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Folic acid | | 2.3-5.2 $×10^{−8}$ | 1.6-2 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Fructose | | 0-5 $×10^{−5}$ | 7-8 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Furosemide glucuronide | | | 1-400 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Galactose | children | | <2 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) | | | <1.25-4.0 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Gastrin | mean | | 7 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Gastrin | maximum | | <20 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Globulin | | | total 2.2-4 $×10^{−2}$ |
  | Globulin | alpha-1-Globulin | | 1-4 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Globulin | alpha-2-Globulin | | 4-10 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Globulin | beta globulin | | 5-12 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Globulin | gamma globulin | | 6-17 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Glucagon | range | | 5-15 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Glucagon | mean | | 7.1-7.9 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Glucosamine | fetus | 4-6 $×10^{−4}$ | 4.2-5.5 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Glucosamine | child | 5-7 $×10^{−4}$ | 5.2-6.9 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Glucosamine | adult | 6-8 $×10^{−4}$ | 6.1-8.2 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Glucosamine | aged | 7-9 $×10^{−4}$ | 7.0-8.9 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Glucose | newborn | 2-3 $×10^{−4}$ | |
  | Glucose | adult | 6.5-9.5 $×10^{−4}$ | 7-10.5 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Glucose | diabetic | 14-120 $×10^{−4}$ | |
  | Glucuronic acid | | 4.1-9.3 $×10^{−5}$ | 8-11 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Glutamic acid | | | 2-28 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Glutamine | | | 4.6-10.6 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Glutathione | reduced | 2.5-4.1 $×10^{−4}$ | 0 |
  | Glycerol | free | | 2.9-17.2 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Glycine | | 1.7-2.3 $×10^{−5}$ | 8-54 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Glycogen | | 1.2-16.2 $×10^{−5}$ | 0 |
  | Glycoprotein, acid | | | 4-15 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | cGMP | | | 0.6-4.4 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Gonadotropin-releasing hormone | | | 1-80 $×10^{−12}$ |
  | Guanidine | | 1.8-2.3 $×10^{−6}$ | |
  | Haptoglobin | | | 3-22 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Hemoglobin | | 1.2-1.75 $×10^{−1}$ | 1-4 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Hemoglobin | newborn | 1.65-1.95 $×10^{−1}$ | |
  | Hemoglobin | children, varies with age | 1.12-1.65 $×10^{−1}$ | |
  | Hemoglobin | adult, male | 1.4-1.8 $×10^{−1}$ | |
  | Hemoglobin | adult, female | 1.2-1.6 $×10^{−1}$ | |
  | Hemoglobin | inside erythrocyte | ~3.3 $×10^{−1}$ | |
  | Hemoglobin | per red blood cell | 27-32 picograms | |
  | Hexosephosphate P | | 1.4-5 $×10^{−5}$ | 0-2 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Histamine | | 6.7-8.6 $×10^{−8}$ | |
  | Histidine | | 9-17 $×10^{−6}$ | 1.1-3.8 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Hydrogen ion(pH 7.4) | | 4 $×10^{−11}$ | |
  | beta-Hydroxybutyric acid | | 1-6 $×10^{−6}$ | 1-9 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | 17α-Hydroxycorticosteroids | | 4-10 $×10^{−8}$ | |
  | 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone | male | | 20-250 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone | female, follicular | | 20-80 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone | female, luteal | | 80-300 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone | female, postmenopausal | | 4-50 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone | female, child | | 20-140 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Antibodies | Immunoglobulin A (IgA) | | 5-39 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Antibodies | Immunoglobulin D (IgD) | | 0.5-8.0 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Antibodies | Immunoglobulin G (IgG) | | 5.0-19 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Antibodies | Immunoglobulin M (IgM) | | 3.0-30 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Antibodies | Immunoglobulin E (IgE) | | <5 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Indican | | | 8-50 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Inositol | | | 3-7 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Insulin | | | 2.0-8.4 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Insulin-like growth factor | | | 9.9-50 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Iodine | total | 2.4-3.2 $×10^{−8}$ | 4.5-14.5 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Iron | adult | 4-6 $×10^{−4}$ | 6-18 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Isoleucine | | 9-15 $×10^{−6}$ | 1.2-4.2 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Ketone bodies | | 2.3-10 $×10^{−6}$ | 1.5-30 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | alpha-Ketonic acids | adult | 1-30 $×10^{−6}$ | |
  | L-Lactate | arterial | <11.3 $×10^{−5}$ | 4.5-14.4 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | L-Lactate | venous | 8.1-15.3 $×10^{−5}$ | 4.5-19.8 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Lead | normal | 1-5 $×10^{−7}$ | 1-7.8 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Lead | toxic | >6-10 $×10^{−7}$ | |
  | Lecithin | | 1.1-1.2 $×10^{−3}$ | 1-2.25 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Leptin | | 1.2 $×10^{−8}$ | |
  | Leucine | | 1.4-2 $×10^{−5}$ | 1.2-5.2 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | total, birth | 9.0-30.0 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | total, pediatric | 4.5-15.5 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | total, adult, range | 4.3-11.0 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | total, adult, median | 7.0 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Neutrophil granulocytes, birth | 6.0-26.0 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Neutrophils, pediatric | 1.5-8.5 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Neutrophils, adult, range | 1.83-7.25 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Neutrophils, adult, median | 3.65 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Eosinophil granulocytes birth | 0.4 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Eosinophils, pediatric | 0.2-0.3 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Eosinophils, adult, range | 0.05-0.7 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Eosinophils, adult, median | 0.15 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Basophil granulocytes, adult, range | 0.015-0.15 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Basophils, adult, median | 0.03 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Lymphocytes, birth | 2-11 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Lymphocyte, pediatric | 1.5-8.0 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Lymphocyte, adult, range | 1.5-4.0 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Lymphocyte, adult, median | 2.5 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Monocytes, birth, range | 0.4-3.1 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Monocytes, birth, median | 1.05 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Monocytes, pediatric | 0.4 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Monocytes, adult, range | 0.21-1.05 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Monocytes, adult, median | 0.43 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Phagocytes, birth, range | 6-26 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Phagocytes, birth, median | 11 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Phagocytes, pediatric, range | 1.5-8.5 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Phagocytes, pediatric, median | 4.1 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Phagocytes, adult, range | 3.5-9.2 $×10^6$ | |
  | Leukocytes $(#/cm^3)$ Total: | Phagocytes, CD4 cell count | 0.5-1.5 $×10^6$ | |
  | Lipase P | | 1.2-1.4 $×10^{−4}$ | |
  | Lipids | total | 4.45-6.1 $×10^{−3}$ | 4-8.5 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Lipoprotein (Sr 12-20) | | | 1-10 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Lithium | | 1.5-2.5 $×10^{−8}$ | |
  | Lysine | | 1.3-3 $×10^{−5}$ | 2-5.8 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Lysozyme (muramidase) | | | 1-15 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | alpha 2-macroglobulin | pediatric | | 2-7 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | alpha 2-macroglobulin | male, adult | | 0.9-4.0 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | alpha 2-macroglobulin | female, adult | | 1.2-5.4 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Magnesium | | 3.2-5.5 $×10^{−5}$ | 1.8-3.6 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Malic acid | | 4.6 $×10^{−6}$ | 1-9 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Manganese | | 0-2.5 $×10^{−7}$ | 0-1.9 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Melatonin | Day | | 1.35-1.45 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Melatonin | Night | | 6.07-7.13 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Mercury | normal | <1 $×10^{−8}$ | |
  | Mercury | chronic | >20 $×10^{−8}$ | |
  | Methemoglobin | | 4-6 $×10^{−4}$ | |
  | Methionine | | 4-6 $×10^{−6}$ | 1-15 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Methyl guanidine | | 2-3 $×10^{−6}$ | |
  | beta-2-microglobulin | | | 8-24 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | MIP-1a | | | 2.3 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | MIP-1b | | | 9 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Mucopolysaccharides | | | 1.75-2.25 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Mucoproteins | | | 8.65-9.6 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Nerve growth factor (NGF) | | | 6-10 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Niacin | | 5-8 $×10^{−6}$ | 2-15 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Nitrogen | respiratory gas | 8.2 $×10^{−6}$ | 9.7 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Nitrogen | total, nonrespiratory | 3-3.7 $×10^{−2}$ | |
  | Norepinephrine | Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system | Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system | Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system |
  | Norepinephrine | after 15 min rest | | 2.15-4.75 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Norepinephrine | when emitted | 8.1 $×10^{−9}$ | 8.5 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Nucleotide | total | 3.1-5.2 $×10^{−4}$ | |
  | Ornithine | | | 4-14 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Oxalate | | | 1-2.4 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Oxygen (respiratory gas) | arterial | 2.4-3.2 $×10^{−4}$ | 3.9 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Oxygen (respiratory gas) | venous | 1.6-2.3 $×10^{−4}$ | 1.6 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Oxytocin | male | | 2 $×10^{−12}$ |
  | Oxytocin | female, nonlactating | | 2 $×10^{−12}$ |
  | Oxytocin | female, pregnant 33-40 wks | | 32-48 $×10^{−12}$ |
  | Pancreatic polypeptide | | | 5-20 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Pantothenic acid (vitamin $B_5)$ | | 1.5-4.5 $×10^{−7}$ | 6-35 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Para-aminobenzoic acid | | 3-4 $×10^{−8}$ | |
  | Parathyroid hormone (PTH) | | | 2-4 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Pentose | phosphorated | | 2-2.3 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Phenol | free | 7-10 $×10^{−7}$ | |
  | Phenylalanine | | 8-12 $×10^{−6}$ | 1.1-4 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Phospholipid | | 2.25-2.85 $×10^{−3}$ | 5-12 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Phosphatase | acid, prostatic | | <3 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Phosphorus | inorganic, adult | 2-3.9 $×10^{−5}$ | 2.3-4.5 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Phosphorus | inorganic, children | | 4.0-7.0 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Phosphorus | total | 3.5-4.3 $×10^{−4}$ | 1-1.5 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Phytanic acid | | | <3 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Platelets $(#/cm^3):$ | range | 1.4-4.4 $×10^8$ | |
  | Platelets $(#/cm^3):$ | median | 2.5 $×10^8$ | |
  | Platelet-derived growth factor | | | 5.0 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Polysaccharides | total | | 7.3-13.1 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Potassium | | 1.6-2.4 $×10^{−3}$ | 1.4-2.2 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Pregnenolone | | | 3-20 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Progesterone (female) | female, follicular | | 0.4-0.9 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Progesterone (female) | female, midluteal | | 7.7-12.1 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Progesterone (female) | pregnancy, weeks 16-18 | | 30-66 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Progesterone (female) | pregnancy, weeks 28-30 | | 70-126 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Progesterone (female) | pregnancy, weeks 38-40 | | 131-227 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Progesterone (female) | male | | 12-20 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Proinsulin | fasting | | 0.5-5 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Proinsulin | mean | | 1.42-1.70 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Prolactin (male) <20 $×10^{−9}$ | while awake | | 1-7 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Prolactin (male) <20 $×10^{−9}$ | during sleep | | 9-20 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Prolactin (female) | follicular | | <23 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Prolactin (female) | luteal | | 5-40 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Proline | | | 1.2-5.7 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Prostaglandins | PGE | | 3.55-4.15 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Prostaglandins | PGF | | 1.26-1.56 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Prostaglandins | 15-keto-PGF2a | | 5 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Prostaglandins | 15-keto-PGE2 | | <5 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Protein | total | 1.9-2.1 $×10^{−1}$ | 6.0-8.3 $×10^{−2}$ |
  | Protoporphyrin | | 2.7-6.1 $×10^{−7}$ | |
  | Prostate specific antigen | | 0-5 $×10^{−9}$ | |
  | Pseudoglobulin I | | | 8-19 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Pseudoglobulin II | | | 2-8 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Purine | total | 9.5-11.5 $×10^{−5}$ | |
  | Pyrimidine nucleotides | | 2.6-4.6 $×10^{−5}$ | 2-12 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) | | | 3.6-90 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Pyruvic acid | | 3-10 $×10^{−6}$ | 3-12 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | RANTES | | | 7 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Relaxin | day <100 preparturition | | <2 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Relaxin | day 100 to 2 days preceding | | 5-40 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Relaxin | day preceding parturition | | 100-200 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Relaxin | day following parturition | | <2 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Retinol (Vitamin A) | | | 1-8 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Riboflavin (Vitamin $B_2)$ | | 1.5-6 $×10^{−7}$ | 2.6-3.7 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | RNA | | 5-8 $×10^{−4}$ | 4-6 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Secretin | | | 2.9-4.5 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Serine | | | 3-20 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) | | 1.55-1.81 $×10^{−7}$ | 0.8-2.1 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Silicon | | 1.4-2.95 $×10^{−6}$ | 2.2-5.7 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Sodium | | | 3.1-3.4 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Solids, total | | 2-2.5 $×10^{−1}$ | 8-9 $×10^{−2}$ |
  | Somatotropin | growth hormone | | 4-140 $×10^{−10}$ |
  | Sphingomyelin | | 1.5-1.85 $×10^{−3}$ | 1-4 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Succinic acid | | | 5 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Sugar, total | | 7-11 $×10^{−4}$ | |
  | Sulfates | inorganic | | 8-12 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Sulfur | total | 3.8-5 $×10^{−2}$ | 3.1-3.8 $×10^{−2}$ |
  | Taurine | | | 3-21 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Testosterone (male) | free | | 5.6-10.2 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Testosterone (male) | total | | 275-875 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Testosterone (female) | free | | 0.24-0.38 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Testosterone (female) | total | | 23-75 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Testosterone (female) | pregnant | | 38-190 $×10^{−11}$ |
  | Thiamine (Vitamin $B_1)$ | | 3-10 $×10^{−8}$ | 1-9 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Thiocyanate | | 5-14 $×10^{−6}$ | |
  | Thiocyanate | nonsmoker | | 1-4 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Thiocyanate | smoker | | 3-12 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Threonine | | 1.3-2 $×10^{−5}$ | 0.9-3.2 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Thyroglobulin (Tg) | | | <5 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Thyroid hormones | | | 4-8 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone | | | 5-60 $×10^{−12}$ |
  | Thyroxine (FT4) | free | | 8-24 $×10^{−12}$ |
  | Thyroxine (FT4) | total | | 4-12 $×10^{−8}$ |
  | Thyroxine-binding prealbumin | | | 2.8-3.5 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Thyroxine-binding globulin | | | 1.0-3.4 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | Tin | | 0-4 $×10^{−7}$ | 0-1 $×10^{−7}$ |
  | alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) | | | 5-20 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Transcortin | male | | 1.5-2 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Transcortin | female | | 1.6-2.5 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Transferrin | newborn | | 1.3-2.75 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Transferrin | adult | | 2.2-4 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Transferrin | age >60 yrs | | 1.8-3.8 $×10^{−3}$ |
  | Triglycerides | | 8.5-23.5 $×10^{−4}$ | 2.5-30 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Triiodothyronine | free | | 2.3-6.6 $×10^{−12}$ |
  | Triiodothyronine | total (T3) | | 0.75-2.50 $×10^{−9}$ |
  | Tryptophan | | 5-10 $×10^{−6}$ | 9-30 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Tyrosine | | 8-14 $×10^{−6}$ | 4-25 $×10^{−6}$ |
  | Urea | | 2-4 $×10^{−4}$ | 1.5-4.7 $×10^{−4}$ |
  | Uric acid | child | | 2.0-6.7 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Uric acid | adult, male | | 3.4-7.2 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Uric acid | adult, female | | 2.4-6.1 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Valine | | 2-2.9 $×10^{−5}$ | 1.7-4.2 $×10^{−5}$ |
  | Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) | | | 6-16 $×10^{−12}$ |
  | Vasopressin | hydrated | | 4.5 $×10^{−13}$ |
  | Vasopressin | dehydrated | | 3.7 $×10^{−12}$ |
  | Zinc | | 5-13 $×10^{−6}$ | 7-15 $×10^{−7}$ |
  
  In blood banking, the fractions of Whole Blood used for transfusion are also called components.
  
  