title: Sozvezdie
text: # Sozvezdie
  
  Sozvezdie (Russian: Созвездие, Constellation), a joint-stock company also referred to as JSC Concern Sozvezdie, is the leading Russian developer and manufacturer of electronic warfare, radio communications, and electronic countermeasures systems and equipment. Its headquarters are in Voronezh.
  
  ## History
  
  The Voronezh Scientific Research Institute of Communication (VNIIS) was founded in Voronezh in 1958, and Sozvezdie is headquartered in this city.
  
  In 1963 Sozvezdie was the first in the world to create a fully-fledged mobile communications system.
  
  The organization was founded on July 29, 2004 by decree of the Russian President. It has developed Russia's new multi-functional electronic warfare weapon system.
  
  On July 16, 2014, the Obama administration imposed sanctions through the US Department of Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) by adding Concern Sozvezdie and other entities to the Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN) in retaliation for the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War.
  
  ## Structure
  
  Apart from VNIIS, Sozvezdie includes the following enterprises and scientific research institutes:
  
  * JSC TNIIR 'Efir'
  * JSC Sarapul radiozavod
  * JSC Tambov plant 'Revtrud'
  * JSC Elektroautomatika
  * JSC NPP 'Start'
  * JSC Tambov plant 'October'
  * JSC 'Luch' Plant
  * JSC Ryazanskiy radiozavod
  * JSC Slavgorod plant of radioequipment
  * JSC Almaz
  * JSC Voronezh Central KB 'Polyus'
  * JSC VNII 'Vega'
  * JSC NPP 'Volna'
  * JSC 'Yantar' plant
  * JSC Krasnodar instrumentation plant 'Kaskade'
  * JSC Krasnodar KB 'Selena'
  * JSC 'KB of experimental works'
  