title: Multifocal diffractive lens
text: # Multifocal diffractive lens
  
  A multifocal diffractive lens is a diffractive optical element (DOE) that allows a single incident beam to be focused simultaneously at several positions along the propagation axis.
  
  ## Principle of operation
  
  An incident laser beam is deflected by grooved diffraction pattern into axial diffraction orders along its optical axis. The foci appear around the far field position. With an additional focusing lens, foci from multifocal lens will appear at certain distances from the focal point of the lens.
  
  ## Theory
  
  The multifocal spots location is a function of refractive focal length $f_{Refractive}$ and predetermined diffractive focal length $f_{Diffractive}$ The focal spot at the "zero" order refers to the refractive focal length of the lens being used.
  
  The distance between the focal spots can be described by the equation
  
      ${\frac {1}{f_{m}}}={\frac {1}{f_{\mathrm {Refractive} }}}+{\frac {m}{f_{\mathrm {Diffractive} }}},\ \mathrm {for} \ m=\pm 1,\pm 2,\pm 3...$,
      where $f_m$ is the focal length for the mth diffractive order,
      $f_{Refractive}$ is the focal length of the refractive lens, and
      $f_{Diffractive}$ is the focal length of the diffractive lens.
  
  ## Applications
  
  * Laser cutting
  * Laser drilling
  * Microscopy
  * Ophthalmology: Multifocal contact lenses and multifocal intraocular lenses
  