title: Memory cells (motor cortex)
text: # Memory cells (motor cortex)
  
  Memory cells are found in the primary motor cortex (M1), a region located in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe of the brain. Their behavior is described by Bizzi et al. as:
  
  * In a baseline epoch (no force field on the end effector), they have one preferred direction
  * In a force perturbation epoch, they show a change in the preferred direction
  * In a subsequent washout epoch (no force field on the end effector), the change in preferred direction persists.
  
  For a quick review see
  
  Also
  
  * ↑ Motor control: Forcing neurons to change Current Biology, Volume 11, Issue 17, Pages R708-R709 A. Jackson, R. Lemon
  * ↑ Li C-SR, Padoa-Schioppa C, Bizzi E: Neuronal correlates of motor performance and motor learning in the primary motor cortex of monkeys adapting to an external force field. Neuron 2001, 30:593-607.
  