title: William Gardiner (botanist)
text: # William Gardiner (botanist)
  
  William Gardiner (1808-1852) was a Scottish umbrella maker, poet, and bryologist.
  
  ## Life
  
  William Gardiner was born in Dundee, at Overgate, on the 13th of July 1808. According to Lawley, his mother sold pottery, while his father, William senior, was a weaver, gardener, botanist and poet. William junior's grandfather, James Gardiner, was also a weaver. He received little education as a child, but learned how to read and write.
  
  At the age of 10, William was apprenticed to an umbrella-maker. After completing his apprenticeship, he joined the business of a Mr George Robertson, another umbrella maker and hosier. Umbrella-making became his primary source of income until the 1840s when he became a full-time plant collector.
  
  Wanting to continue his education, he took evening classes on botany. He regularly visited natural localities around Dundee to fuel his botanical passion. This was early in the mornings or in the evening at the end of his workday.
  
  William Gardiner junior died on the 21st of June 1852 at the age of 43 after suffering a fever.
  
  ## Botany and bryology
  
  The Botanical Society of Edinburgh employed Gardiner in 1838 to collect Alpine plants in Scotland. Around this time, the Botanical Society of London also employed him as a plant collector. In 1844 he left George Robertson's company and worked as a paid botanical collector, working for both institutions and individuals alike.
  
  According to Leisure & Culture Dundee, Sir William J Hooker offered Gardiner a botanical appointment, which he declined due to family commitments.
  
  In the United Kingdom, Gardiner's specimens are cared for at the Natural History Museum in London, the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Herbarium, the Department of Biological Sciences, Dundee University, Hull University, the Bromfield Herbarium, and the Hancock Museum in Newcastle upon Tyne. Elsewhere in the world, The University and Jepson Herbaria at the University of California, Berkeley, the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle and the National Herbarium of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria also hold his specimens.
  
  ## Standard author abbreviation
  
  The standard author abbreviation Gardiner is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
  
  