title: Library of Congress Classification:Class H -- Social sciences
text: # Library of Congress Classification:Class H -- Social sciences
  
  Class H: Social Sciences is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class H.
  
  ## H - Social sciences (General)
  
  1-99.......Social Sciences (General)
  
  ## HA - Statistics
  
  1-4737.......Statistics
  
      29-32.......Theory and method of social science statistics
      36-37.......Statistical services. Statistical bureaus
      38-39.......Registration of vital events. Vital records
      154-4737.......Statistical data
         154-155.......Universal statistics
         175-473.......By region or country
  
  ## HB - Economic theory; Demography
  
  1-3840.............Economic theory. Demography
  
      71-74.............Economics as a science. Relation to other subjects
      75-130............History of economics. History of economic theory (Including special economic schools)
      131-147...........Methodology
         135-147..........Mathematical economics. Quantitative methods (Including econometrics, input-output analysis, game theory)
      201-206...........Value. Utility
      221-236...........Price
      238-251...........Competition. Production. Wealth
      501...............Capital. Capitalism
      522-715...........Income. Factor shares
         535-551..........Interest
         601..............Profit
         615-715..........Entrepreneurship. Risk and uncertainty. Property
      801-843...........Consumption. Demand
      846-846.8.........Welfare theory
      848-3697..........Demography. Population. Vital events
      3711-3840.........Business cycles. Economic fluctuations
  
  ## HC - Economic history and conditions
  
  10-1085.......Economic history and conditions
  
      79...........Special topics (Including air pollution, automation, consumer demand, famines, flow of funds, etc.)
      92...........Economic geography of the oceans (General)
      94-1085......By region or country
  
  ## HD - Industries; Land use; Labor
  
  28-9999...........Industries. Land use. Labor
  
      28-70............Management. Industrial management
         39-40.7.........Capital. Capital investments
         41..............Competition
         45-45.2.........Technological innovations. Automation
         47-47.4.........Costs
         49-49.5.........Crisis management. Emergency management. Inflation
         50-50.5.........Delegation of authority. Decentralization. Span of control
         56-57.5.........Industrial productivity
         58..............Location of industry
         58.7-58.95......Organizational behavior, change and effectiveness. Corporate culture
         59-59.6.........Public relations. Industrial publicity
         60-60.5.........Social responsibility of business
         61..............Risk in industry. Risk management
         62..............Standardization. Simplification. Waste
         62.2-62.8.......Management of special enterprises
         66-66.2.........Work groups. Team work in industry. Quality circles
         69..............Other (Including business consultants, capacity, size of industries, etc.)
      72-88............Economic growth, development, planning
      101-1395.5.......Land use. Land tenure
         1286-1289.......Communal ownership
         1290-1291.......Municipal ownership
         1301-1313.......Nationalization (Agrarian socialism)
         1326-1329.......Large holdings
         1330-1331.......Landlord and peasant
         1332-1333.5.....Land reform. Agrarian reform
         1334-1335.......Consolidation of land holdings
         1336-1339.......Small holdings. Peasant proprietors. Parcellation
         1361-1395.5.....Real estate business
      1401-2210........Agriculture
         1428-1431.......International cooperation
         1470-1476.......Size of farms
         1478............Sharecropping
         1483-1486.......Agricultural associations, societies, etc.
            1491-1491.5....Cooperative agriculture
         1492-1492.5.....Collective farms
         1493-1493.5.....Government owned and operated farms. State farms. Sovkhozes
         1501-1542.......Agricultural classes (Including farm tenancy, agricultural laborers)
         1549............Gleaning
         1580............Reclamation of agricultural land. Melioration
         1635-1702.......Utilization and culture of special classes of lands (Including pasture lands, water resources development)
         1711-1741.......Irrigation
      2321-4730.9......Industry
         2329............Industrialization
         2330............Rural industries
         2331-2336.......Home labor. Home-based businesses
         2337-2339.......Sweatshops
         2340.8-2346.5...Small and medium-sized businesses, artisans, handicrafts, trades
         2350.8-2356.....Large industry. Factory system. Big business
         2365-2385.......Contracting. Letting of contracts
         2421-2429.......Trade associations
         2709-2930.7.....Corporations (Including international business enterprises, diversification, industrial concentration, public utilities)
         2951-3575.......Cooperation. Cooperative societies
         3611-4730.9.....Industrial policy. The state and industrial organization (Including licensing of occupations and professions, subsidies, inspection, government ownership, municipal services)
      4801-8943........Labor. Work. Working class
         4861-4895.......Labor systems
         4909-5100.9.....Wages
         5106-5267.......Hours of labor (Including overtime, shift work, sick leave, vacations)
         5306-5474.......Labor disputes. Strikes and lockouts
         5481-5630.7.....Industrial arbitration. Mediation and conciliation
         5650-5660.......Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils
         5701-6000.9.....Labor market. Labor supply. Labor demand (Including unemployment, manpower policy, occupational training, employment agencies)
         6050-6305.......Classes of labor (Including women, children, students, middle-aged and older persons, minorities)
         6350-6940.7.....Trade unions. Labor unions. Workers' associations
         6941-6948.......Employers' associations
         6951-6957.......Industrial sociology. Social conditions of labor
         6958.5-6976.....Industrial relations
         6977-7080.......Cost and standard of living
         7088-7252.......Social insurance. Social security. Pension
         7255-7256.......Vocational rehabilitation. Employment of people with disabilities
         7260-7780.8.....Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare
         7795-8027.......Labor policy. Labor and the state
         8031............Labor in politics. Political activity of the working class
         8038............Professions (General). Professional employees
         8039............By industry or trade
         8045-8943.......By region or country
      9000-9999........Special industries and trades
         9000-9495.......Agricultural industries
         9502-9502.5.....Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade
         9506-9624.......Mineral industries. Metal trade
         9650-9663.......Chemical industries
         9665-9675.......Pharmaceutical industry
         9680-9714.......Mechanical industries (Including electric utilities, electronic industries, and machinery)
         9715-9717.5.....Construction industry
         9720-9975.......Manufacturing industries
         9999............Miscellaneous industries and trades
  
  ## HE - Transportation and communications
  
  1-9990............Transportation and communications
  
      199-199.5........Freight (General)
      199.9............Passenger traffic (General)
      305-311..........Urban transportation
      323-328..........Transportation geography. Trade routes
      331-380..........Traffic engineering. Roads and highways. Streets
         369-373.........Traffic surveys (General)
         374-377.........Bridges
         379-380.........Tunnels. Vehicular tunnels
      380.8-971........Water transportation
         380.8-560.......Waterways
         561-971.........Shipping
            730-943........Merchant marine. Ocean shipping. Coastwise shipping
      1001-5600........Railroads. Rapid transit systems
      5601-5725........Automotive transportation (Including trucking, bus lines, and taxicab service)
      5746-5749........Stage lines
      5751-5870........Ferries
      5880-5990........Express service
      6000-7500........Postal service. Stamps. Philately
      7511-7549........Pneumatic service
      7601-8700.95.....Telecommunication industry. Telegraph
         8660-8688.......Wireless telegraph. Radiotelegraphy
         8689-8700.95....Radio and television broadcasting
      8701-9680.7......Telephone industry
      9713-9715........Cellular telephone services industry. Wireless telephone industry
      9719-9721........Artificial satellite telecommunications
      9723-9737........Signaling
      9751-9756........Messenger service
      9761-9900........Air transportation. Airlines
  
  ## HF - Commerce
  
  1-6182...............Commerce
  
      294-343.............Boards of trade. Chambers of commerce. Merchants' associations
      1014................Balance of trade
      1021-1027...........Commercial geography. Economic geography
      1040-1054...........Commodities. Commercial products
      1701-2701...........Tariff. Free trade. Protectionism
      3000-4055...........By region or country
      5001-6182...........Business
         5381-5386..........Vocational Guidance. Career development
         5387-5387.5........Business ethics
         5410-5417.5........Marketing. Distribution of products
         5419-5422.......... Wholesale trade
         5428-5429.6........ Retail trade
         5429.7-5430.6......Shopping centers. Shopping malls
         5437-5444..........Purchasing. Selling. Sales personnel. Sales executives
         5446-5459..........Canvassing. Peddling
         5460-5469.5........Department stores. Mail order business. Supermarkets. Convenience stores
         5469.7-5481........Markets. Fairs
         5482-5482.4........Secondhand trade
         5482.6-5482.65.....Black market
         5484-5495..........Warehouses. Storage
         5520-5541..........Office equipment and supplies
         5546-5548.6........Office management
         5548.7-5548.85.....Industrial psychology
         5549-5549.5........Personnel management. Employment management
         5601-5689..........Accounting. Bookkeeping
         5691-5716..........Business mathematics. Commercial arithmetic (Including tables, etc.)
         5717-5734.7........Business communication (Including business report writing, business correspondence)
         5735-5746..........Business records management
         5761-5780..........Shipment of goods. Delivery of goods
         5801-6182..........Advertising
  
  ## HG - Finance
  
  1-9999...............Finance
  
      178.................Liquidity
      179.................Personal finance
      201-1496............Money
         258-312............Precious metals. Bullion
         315................Small coins
         321-329............Mints. Assaying
         335-339............Counterfeiting
         348-353.5..........Paper money
         361-363............Legal tender
         381-395............International coinage
         401-421............Bimetallism
         451-1496...........By region or country
      1501-3550...........Banking
         1621-1638..........Interest rates. Interest tables
         1641-1643..........Bank loans. Bank credit. Commercial loans
         1651-1654..........Discount
         1655...............Acceptances
         1656...............Bank reserves. Bank liquidity. Loan loss reserves
         1660...............Bank accounts. Bank deposits. Deposit banking
         1662...............Insurance of deposits. Deposit insurance
         1685-1704..........Drafts. Checks
         1706-1708..........Accounting. Bookkeeping
         1709...............Data processing
         1710-1710.5........Electronic funds transfers
         1722...............Bank mergers
         1723...............Bank stocks. Banking as an investment
         1725-1778..........Banks and the state. State supervision of banks
         1811-2351..........Special classes of banks and financial institutions
         2397-3550..........By region or country
      3691-3769...........Credit. Debt. Loans (Including credit institutions, credit instruments, consumer credit, bankruptcy)
      3810-4000...........Foreign exchange. International finance. International monetary system
      4001-4285...........Finance management. Business finance. Corporation finance
      4301-4480.9.........Trust services. Trust companies
      4501-6051...........Investment, capital formation, speculation
         4530...............Investment companies. Investment trusts. Mutual funds
         4538...............Foreign investments
         4551-4598..........Stock exchanges
         4621...............Stockbrokers. Security dealers. Investment advisers
         4701-4751..........Government securities. Industrial securities. Venture capital
         4900-5993..........By region or country
         6001-6051..........Speculation
      6105-6270.9.........Lotteries
      8011-9999...........Insurance
         8053.5-8054.45.....Insurance for professions. Malpractice insurance. Professional liability insurance
         8059...............Business insurance
         8075-8107..........Insurance business. Insurance management
         8111-8123..........Government policy. State supervision
         8205-8220..........Government insurance
         8501-8745..........By region or country
         8751-9295..........Life insurance
         8779-8793..........Actuarial science. Statistical theory and methodology applied to insurance
         8799-8830..........By class insured, by risk, by plan
         8835-8899..........Life insurance business. Management
         8901-8914..........Government policy. State supervision
         8941-9200.5........By region or country
         9201-9245..........Mutual life insurance. Assessment life insurance. Fraternal life insurance
         9251-9262..........Industrial life insurance
         9271...............Child insurance. Life insurance for children
         9291-9295..........Maternity insurance
         9301-9343..........Accident insurance
         9371-9399..........Health insurance
         9651-9899..........Fire insurance
         9956-9969..........Casualty insurance
         9969.5-9999........Other insurance (Including automobile, burglary, credit, disaster, title )
  
  ## HJ - Public finance
  
  9-9940..............Public finance
  
      9-99.8 ............Periodicals. Serials. By region or country
      210-240............History
      241-1620...........By region or country
      2005-2216..........Income and expenditure. Budget
      2240-5908..........Revenue. Taxation. Internal revenue
      2321-2323..........Tax incidence. Tax shifting. Tax equity
      2326-2327..........Progressive taxation
      2336-2337..........Tax exemption
      2338...............Taxation of government property
      2351...............Inflation and taxation
      2351.4.............Tax revenue estimating
      2361-3192.7........By region or country
      3801-3844..........Revenue from sources other than taxation
      3863-3925..........Direct taxation
      4113-4601..........Property tax
      4629-4830..........Income tax
      4919-4936..........Capitation. Poll tax
      5309-5510..........Administrative fees. User charges. License fees
      6603-7390.......... Customs administration
      7461-7980..........Expenditures. Government spending
      8001-8899..........Public debts
         8052..............Sinking funds. Amortization
         8101-8899.........By region or country
      9103-9695..........Local finance. Municipal finance.
      9701-9940..........Public accounting. Auditing
  
  ## HM - Sociology (General)
  
  1-1281............Sociology
  
      1-299............These numbers are obsolete and no longer used by the Library of Congress
      435-477..........History of sociology. History of sociological theory
         461-473.........Schools of sociology. Schools of social thought
      481-554..........Theory. Method. Relations to other subjects
      621-656..........Culture
      661-696..........Social control
      701..............Social systems
      706..............Social structure
      711-806..........Groups and organizations
         756-781.........Community
         786-806.........Organizational sociology. Organization theory
      811-821..........Deviant behavior. Social deviance
      826..............Social institutions
      831-901..........Social change
      1001-1281........Social psychology
         1041-1101.......Social perception. Social cognition
         1106-1171.......Interpersonal relations. Social behavior
         1176-1281.......Social influence. Social pressure
  
  ## HN - Social history and conditions; Social problems; Social reform
  
  1-995.........Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform
  
      30-39........The church and social problems
      41-46........Community centers. Social centers
      50-995.......By region or country
  
  ## HQ - The family; Marriage; Woman; Sexuality
  
  1-2044...............The Family. Marriage. Women
  
      12-449..............Sexual life
         19-30.7............Sexual behavior and attitudes. Sexuality
         31-64..............Sex instruction and sexual ethics
         71-72..............Sexual deviations
         74-74.2............Bisexuality
         75-76.8............Homosexuality. Lesbianism
         77-77.2............Transvestism
         77.7-77.95.........Transsexualism
         79.................Sadism. Masochism. Fetishism, etc.
         101-440.7..........Prostitution
         447................Masturbation
         449................Emasculation. Eunuchs, etc.
      450-472.............Erotica
      503-1064............The family. Marriage. Home
         750-755.5..........Eugenics
         755.7-759.92.......Parents. Parenthood
         760-767.7..........Family size
         767.8-792.2........Children. Child development
         793-799.2..........Youth. Adolescents. Teenagers
         799.5-799.9........Young men and women
         799.95-799.97......Adulthood
         800-800.4..........Single people
         801-801.83.........Man-woman relationships. Courtship. Dating
         802................Matrimonial bureaus. Marriage brokerage
         802.5..............Matrimonial advertisements
         803................Temporary marriage. Trial marriage. Companionate marriage
         804................Breach of promise
         805................Desertion
         806................Adultery
         811-960.7..........Divorce
         961-967............Free love
         981-996............Polygamy
         997................Polyandry
         998-999............Illegitimacy. Unmarried mothers
         1001-1006..........The state and marriage
         1051-1057..........The church and marriage
         1058-1058.5........Widows and widowers. Widowhood
         1060-1064..........Aged. Gerontology (Social aspects). Retirement
      1073-1073.5.........Thanatology. Death. Dying
      1075-1075.5.........Sex role
      1088-1090.7.........Men
      1101-2030.7.........Women. Feminism
         1871-2030.7........Women's clubs
      2035-2039...........Life skills. Coping skills. Everyday living skills
      2042-2044...........Life style
  
  ## HS - Societies: secret, benevolent, etc.
  
  1-3371............Societies: secret, benevolent, etc.
  
      101-330.7........Secret societies
      351-929..........Freemasons
      951-1179.........Odd Fellows
      1201-1350........Knights of Pythias
      1355.............Other societies
      1501-2460.7......Other societies. By classes
         1501-1510.......Benevolent and "friendly" societies and mutual assessment fraternities
         1525-1560.......Religious societies
         1601-2265.......Race societies
         2275............Occupation societies
         2301-2460.7.....Political and "patriotic" societies
      2501-3371........Clubs. Clubs and societies for special classes (Including boys' societies, Boy scouts, girls' societies)
  
  ## HT - Communities; Classes; Races
  
  51-1595............Communities. Classes. Races
  
      51-65.............Human settlements. Communities
      101-395...........Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
         161-165..........Garden cities. "The city beautiful"
         165.5-169.9......City planning
         170-178..........Urban renewal. Urban redevelopment
         201-221..........City population (Including children in cities, immigration)
         231..............Effect of city life
         251-265..........Mental and moral life
         281..............Recreation. Amusements
         321-325..........The city as an economic factor. City promotion
         330-334..........Metropolitan areas
         351-352..........Suburban cities and towns
         361-384..........Urbanization. City and country
         388..............Regional economics. Space in economics
         390-395..........Regional planning
      401-485...........Rural groups. Rural sociology
      601-1445..........Classes
         621-635..........Origin of social classes
         641-657..........Classes arising from birth (Including royalty, nobility, commons)
         675-690..........Classes arising from occupation
         713-725..........Caste system
         731..............Freedmen
         751-815..........Serfdom
         851-1445.........Slavery
      1501-1595.........Races (Including race as a social group and race relations in general)
  
  ## HV - Social pathology; Social and public welfare; Criminology
  
  1-9960................Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
  
      40-69................Social service. Social work. Charity organization and practice
      85-525...............By region or country
      530..................The church and charity
      541..................Women and charity
      544..................Charity fairs, bazaars, etc.
      544.5................International social work
      547..................Self-help groups
      551.2-639............Emergency management
         553-639.............Relief in case of disasters
            560-583............Red Cross. Red Crescent
            599-639............Special types of disasters
      640-645..............Refugee problems
      650-670..............Life saving
      675-677..............Accidents. Prevention of accidents
      680-696..............Free professional services. Including medical charities
      697-4959.............Protection, assistance and relief
         697-3024............Special classes
            697-700.7..........Families. Mothers. Widow's -pensions
            701-1420.5.........Children
               835-847...........Foundlings
               873-887...........Destitute, neglected, and abandoned children. Street children
               888-907...........Children with disabilities
               931-941...........Fresh-air funds
               959-1420.5........Orphanages. Orphans
            1421-1441..........Young adults. Youth. Teenagers
            1442-1448..........Women
            1449...............Gay men. Lesbians
            1450-1494..........Aged
            1551-3024..........People with disabilities, Including blind, deaf, people with physical and mental disabilities
         3025-3174...........Special classes. By occupation
            3025-3163..........Mariners
            3165-3173..........Shop women, clerks, etc.
            3174...............Other. By occupation
         3176-3199...........Special classes. By race or ethnic group
         4005-4013...........Immigrants
         4023-4470.7.........Poor in cities. Slums
         4480-4630...........Mendicancy. Vagabondism. Tramps. Homelessness
         4701-4890.9.........Protection of animals. Animal rights. Animal welfare
         4905-4959...........Animal experimentation. Anti-vivisection
      4961-4995............Degeneration
      5001-5720.5..........Alcoholism. Intemperance. Temperance reform
      5725-5770............Tobacco habit
      5800-5840............Drug habits. Drug abuse
      6001-7220.5..........Criminology
      6035-6197............Criminal anthropology (Including criminal types, criminal psychology, prison psychology, causes of crime)
      6201-6249............Criminal classes
      6250-6250.4..........Victims of crimes. Victimology
      6251-6773.55.........Crimes and offenses
      6774-7220.5..........Crimes and criminal classes
      7231-9960............Criminal justice administration
         7428................Social work with delinquents and criminals
         7431................Prevention of crime, methods, etc.
         7435-7439...........Gun control
         7551-8280.7.........Police. Detectives. Constabulary
            7935-8025..........Administration and organization
            8031-8080..........Police duty. Methods of protection
               8035-8069.........Special classes of crimes, offenses and criminals
               8073-8079.35......Investigation of crimes. Examination and identification of prisoners
               8079.2-8079.35....Police social work
               8079.5-8079.55....Traffic control. Traffic accident investigation
            8081-8099..........Private detectives. Detective bureaus
            8130-8280.7........By region or country
         8290-8291...........Private security services
         8301-9920.7.........Penology. Prisons. Corrections
            9051-9230.7........The juvenile offender. Juvenile delinquency. Reform schools, etc.
            9261-9430.7........Reformation and reclamation of adult prisoners
            9441-9920.7........By region or country
         9950-9960...........By region or country
  
  ## HX - Socialism; Communism; Anarchism
  
  1-970.9............Socialism. Communism. Anarchism
  
      519-550...........Communism/socialism in relation to special topics
      626-696...........Communism: Utopian socialism, collective settlements
      806-811...........Utopias. The ideal state
      821-970.9.........Anarchism
  