title: Bauni language
text: # Bauni language
  
  Bauni is a language spoken in Barupu (Warapu) village (3°04′18″S 142°03′27″E﻿ / ﻿3.071595°S 142.057463°E﻿ / -3.071595; 142.057463﻿ (Barupu)) of West Aitape Rural LLG, Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea.
  
  The alternative name Barupu or Warapu, from the name of the Bauni village, has been applied to related languages as well, and 'Warapu' may be retained as a cover term.
  
  ## Phonology
  
  Bauni has 9 consonants and 6 vowels.
  
  Bauni consonants :
  
  | | Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labial-velar |
  | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  | Plosive | p b | t | | k | |
  | Nasal | m | n | | | |
  | Trill | | r | | | |
  | Approximant | | | j | | w |
  
  Consonants may undergo lenition, fortition, palatalization, or assimilation to produce a larger number of surface phonemes.
  
  Bauni vowels :
  
  | | Front | Central | Back |
  | - | - | - | - |
  | Close | i | | u |
  | Close-mid | e | | o |
  | Open-mid | | | ɔ |
  | Open | | a | |
  
  Words belong to one of five tone classes: H, L, LH, HL, HLH.
  
  Syllables have the following form: (C)(G)V(G)(N), where (G) represents a glide and (N) represents a nasal. There are no syllables that have the maximum possible form of CGVGN.
  
  ## Morphology
  
  Verbs belong to one of four classes that differ in terms of what morphology may be applied and how. Verbs are obligatorily marked for mood - either realis (/k-/) or irrealis (/n-/) - and for subject. Certain classes of verbs require objects to be marked as well.
  
  k-opu-jara-ni
  
  REAL-2PL.M-see-1SG.F
  
  k-opu-jara-ni
  
  REAL-2PL.M-see-1SG.F
  
  You see me.
  
  ## Lexicon
  
  Bauni free pronouns are distinguished on the basis of person, gender, and number.
  
  | | | singular | dual | plural |
  | - | - | - | - | - |
  | 1st | M | něná | měpí | měmí |
  | 1st | F | nění | měpí | měmí |
  | 2nd | M | měmá | mǒpú / běvé | mǒpú / běvé |
  | 2nd | F | mǒmú | mǒpú / běvé | mǒpú / běvé |
  | 3rd | M | yá | yéi / rěré | yéi / rěré |
  | 3rd | F | bó | yéi / rěré | yéi / rěré |
  
  ## Syntax
  
  Clauses in Bauni employ Agent-Patient-Verb word order. Recipients, instruments, and other oblique noun phrases typically follow the verb.
  
  Kuáni
  
  mother
  
  k-o-kôe
  
  REAL-3SG.F-go.up
  
  Kuáni k-o-kôe
  
  mother REAL-3SG.F-go.up
  
  Mother went up.
  
  Kuáni
  
  mother
  
  aka
  
  father
  
  k-o-yarâ-ká
  
  REAL-3SG.F-see-3SG.M
  
  Kuáni aka k-o-yarâ-ká
  
  mother father REAL-3SG.F-see-3SG.M
  
  Mother saw father.
  
  Cha
  
  Cha
  
  Meniri
  
  Meniri
  
  bá=va
  
  fish=PRM
  
  k-a-r-o-a
  
  REAL-3SG.M-3SG.M-give-3SG.M
  
  nâkí
  
  dog
  
  Cha Meniri bá=va k-a-r-o-a nâkí
  
  Cha Meniri fish=PRM REAL-3SG.M-3SG.M-give-3SG.M dog
  
  Cha Meniri gave the dog-spirit a fish.
  
  