title: Iltovirus
text: # Iltovirus
  
  Iltovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. Birds, galliform birds, psittacine birds, chickens, turkeys, and quail serve as natural hosts. There are only two species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: acute respiratory diseases: gaHV-1: infectious laryngotracheitis; psHV-1: Pacheco's disease.
  
  ## Species
  
  The genus consists of the following two species:
  
  * Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1
  * Psittacid alphaherpesvirus 1
  
  ## Structure
  
  Viruses in Iltovirus are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 120-200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 150kb in length.
  
  | Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
  | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  | Iltovirus | Spherical pleomorphic | T=16 | Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
  
  ## Life cycle
  
  Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral gB, gC, gD and gH proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear egress, and budding. Birds, galliform birds, psittacine birds, chickens, turkeys, and quail serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are contact, contamination, and air borne particles.
  
  | Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
  | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  | Iltovirus | Birds: galliform: psittacine | None | Cell receptor endocytosis | Budding | Nucleus | Nucleus | Oral-fecal; aerosol |
  