title: Ernest Steven Monteiro
text: # Ernest Steven Monteiro
  
  Ernest Steven Monteiro CBE FRS BBM PJG FRFPS (21 December 1904 – 2 March 1989) was a Singaporean physician, specialised in preventive medicine. He also served as the Singapore Ambassador to Brazil, Cambodia and the United States.
  
  ## Education
  
  Monteiro was educated in St Anthony's School, Raffles Institution and King Edward VII College of Medicine.
  
  ## Career
  
  Monteiro started his medical career in Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) in 1929.
  
  During the Japanese Occupation, Monteiro was Director of Middleton Hospital for Infectious Diseases, which was TTSH's infectious diseases wing and a predecessor of National Centre for Infectious Diseases in Singapore. He discovered that the available quantity of diphtheria antitoxin was depleting. He exposed live goats to diphtheria to create more antitoxin.
  
  After completing his post-graduate studies on a Queen's Scholarship in 1949, he was elected head of Faculty of Medicine of the then University of Malaya, Singapore in 1956–1960.
  
  In 1958, he started to use Sabin vaccine on a mass scale to protect young children and adults from polio to wipe-out beri-beri with Vitamin B-1 and eliminated diphtheria in children. By 1977, diphtheria and polio had become things of the past for Singaporeans.
  
  Upon his retirement in 1965, he was appointed the Emeritus Professor and Pro-Chancellor of National University of Singapore. Monteiro taught many medical students from Singapore and Malaysia. Among his students were Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamed (former Prime Minister of Malaysia) and Tun Dr Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali. He played a major role in establishing high standard of medical practice in Singapore.
  
  Monteiro was appointed the first Ambassador of Singapore to Cambodia in 1966-1968 and to United States and Brazil in 1969–1976.
  
  Monteiro came back home in 1977 and continued his private practice as a physician.
  
  ## Family and death
  
  Monteiro died of liver failure on 2 March 1989. He divorced Una Marie Lewis, his first wife, in April 1971, and secretly married Ling Mie Hean in August 1971 in Washington. He has two sons (Dr Edmund Hugh Monteiro and Dr Gerald Monteiro) and 2 daughters (Jean and Irene) from the first marriage and a son, John Monteiro, from the second marriage.
  
  ## Honours
  
  Monteiro was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1957 Birthday Honours. The Republic of Singapore awarded him Bintang Bakti Masyarakat (BBM) in 1963 and the Pingat Jasa Gemilang PJG in 1968. He was also named a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1972 for the Promotion of Health for his achievements in preventive medicine. In 1973, he was awarded an International Award for Distinguished Service of the US National Kidney Foundation.
  
  