title: Christina Kramer
text: # Christina Kramer
  
  Christina Elizabeth Kramer is Professor of Slavic and Balkan languages and linguistics at the University of Toronto and Chair of the university's Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures which is part of the Faculty of Arts and Science.
  
  ## Education and career
  
  * 1975: B.A. (Russian and comparative literature), Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin
  * 1980: M.A. (Slavic Languages and Literatures), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
  * 1983: Ph.D., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
  
  Kramer worked as a translator for Berlitz Translation Service for some time, translating documents from Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, and Turkish.
  
  Since 1986 Kramer has been a member of the University of Toronto faculty. She was promoted to full professor in May 2001.
  
  ## Scholarly work
  
  Kramer is a specialist on Balkan languages and semantics, specifically on South Slavic languages. Her research focus on synchronic linguistics, sociolinguistics, verbal categories, language and politics.
  
  Kramer authored Macedonian: A Course for Beginning and Intermediate Students. The book – first published in 1999, revised and expanded in 2003 and 2011 – is the most recent English-Macedonian textbook. She is a noted translator of literature from Bulgarian and Macedonian, receiving a Literature Translation Fellowship from the NEA in 2018.
  
  Kramer co-invented the language "Lavinian" for Nicolas Billon's play Butcher.
  
  ## Key publications
  
  * Christina E. Kramer (2003): Macedonian (= Makedonski jazik): A Course for Beginning and Intermediate Students. Revised and expanded third edition. University of Wisconsin Press. September 2011. ISBN 978-0-299-24764-5
  * Christina E. Kramer/Brian Cook (1999): Guard the Word Well Bound: Proceedings of the Third North American-Macedonian Conference on Macedonian Studies. Slavica Pub: Indiana Slavic Papers, vol. 10 (1999). ISBN 978-9991972534
  * Eran Fraenkel (Author), Christina Kramer (Editor) (1993): Language Contact-Language Conflict (Balkan Studies). Peter Lang Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8204-1652-6
  * Christina E. Kramer (1986): Analytic Modality in Macedonian. (Slavistische Beiträge) Munich: Verlag Otto Sagner. ISBN 978-3-87690-343-9
  * Christina Kramer (1985): Makedonsko-Angliski Razgovornik. Skopje: Seminar za makedonksi jazik.
  
  ## Translations
  
  Christina E. Kramer's translations of several Bulgarian and Macedonian novels (by Luan Starova, Goce Smilevski, Lidija Dimkovska, and Aleko Konstantinov) have been published by the University of Wisconsin Press and Penguin Books.
  
  ## Awards
  
  Kramer received the 2006 Book Award from the American Association of Teachers of Slavic and Eastern European Languages for best contribution to language pedagogy for her book Macedonian: A Course for Beginning and Intermediate Students.
  
  In 2014, Kramer was awarded a National Endowment for the Arts grant to fund her work on translating a novel from Luan Starova's Balkan Saga cycle, The Path of the Eels (or the Pyramid of Water). This was the first time ever a NEA grant was awarded to support a translation from Macedonian to English. Her translation of Lidija Dimkovska's "A Spare Life" made the long list for the Best Translated Book of 2017 Award.
  
  In 2022, Kramer's translation of The Summer You Weren’t There by Petar Andonovski, from Macedonian to English, won a PEN Translates Award from English PEN.
  
  