Afrika-Alphabet
# Afrika-Alphabet

Das Afrika-Alphabet ist ein auf der lateinischen Schrift basierender Zeichensatz zur Schreibung afrikanischer Sprachen.

Das Konzept dieses Zeichensatzes wurde 1928 von dem Afrikanisten Diedrich Westermann in London vorgestellt. Er sollte für wissenschaftliche Zwecke ebenso wie für den Alltagsgebrauch taugen. Eine revidierte Fassung wurde 1930 vom Institute of African Languages and Cultures unter dem Namen Practical Orthography of African Languages vorgestellt. Das lateinische Alphabet wurde um zehn Zeichen aus dem Internationalen Phonetischen Alphabet (IPA) erweitert, und hierzu wurden neue Versalien (Großbuchstaben) entwickelt.

Das Afrika-Alphabet ist stetig weiterentwickelt worden zum Afrikanischen Referenzalphabet (1978 und 1982). Die Zusatzbuchstaben sind in Unicode aufgenommen und dadurch immer besser verfügbar. Besonders in Westafrika wird das Afrika-Alphabet häufig verwendet.

Eine Schriftsippe für die meisten und am häufigsten gebrauchten Buchstaben aus dem Afrika-Alphabet sind die fc-Schriften.

## Alphabet

Inventar Afrika-Alphabet :

| Buchstabe | Buchstabe | Buchstabe | Buchstabe | BJ | BF | CM | CF | TD | CG | CD | GH | GN | CI | KE | LR | ML | MZ | NE | NG | SN | SL | SD | TG | UG |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| ʼ | U+02BC | | | ʼ | ʼ | ʼ | | | | ʼ | ʼ | ʼ | | | | ʼ | | ʼ | ʼ | ʼ | | ʼ | | ʼ |
| ǎ | U+01CE | Ǎ | U+01CD | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ǎ | | | | | | |
| ă | U+0103 | Ă | U+0102 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ă | | | | | | | | |
| ạ | U+1EA1 | Ạ | U+1EA0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ạ | | | | | |
| ɑ | U+0251 | Ɑ | U+2C6D | | | ɑ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| à | U+00E0 | À | U+00C0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | à | | | | |
| ä | U+00E4 | Ä | U+00C4 | | | | | | | | | | ä | | | | | | | | | | | ä |
| ā | U+0101 | Ā | U+0100 | | | | | | | | | | | ā | | | | | ā | | | | | |
| ḅ | U+1E05 | Ḅ | U+1E04 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ḅ | | | ḅ | | | | | |
| ɓ | U+0253 | Ɓ | U+0181 | ɓ | ɓ | ɓ | | | | | | ɓ | | | ɓ | ɓ | | ɓ | ɓ | ɓ | | | | |
| ć | U+0107 | Ć | U+0106 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ć | | | | |
| č | U+010D | Č | U+010C | | | | | | | | | | | | č | | | | | | | | | |
| ḏ | U+1E0F | Ḏ | U+1E0E | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ḏ | | |
| ḍ | U+1E0D | Ḍ | U+1E0C | | | | | | | | | | | | | ḍ | | ḍ | ḍ | | | | | |
| ɖ | U+0256 | Ɖ | U+0189 | ɖ | | | | | | | | | | | ɖ | | | ɖ | | | | | ɖ | |
| ɗ | U+0257 | Ɗ | U+018A | ɗ | ɗ | ɗ | | | | | | ɗ | | | | ɗ | | | ɗ | ɗ | | | | |
| é | U+00E9 | É | U+00C9 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | é | | | | |
| ē | U+0113 | Ē | U+0112 | | | | | | | | | | | ē | | | | | | | | | | |
| ɛ | U+025B | Ɛ | U+0190 | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | | ɛ | ɛ | | | ɛ | | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ |
| ẹ | U+1EB9 | Ẹ | U+1EB8 | | | | | ẹ | | | | | | | | | | | ẹ | | | | | |
| ë | U+00EB | Ë | U+00CB | | | | | | | | | | ë | ë | | | | | | ë | | ë | | |
| ə | U+01DD | Ǝ | U+018E | ə | ə | ə | | ə | | | | ə | | | | ə | | ə | ə | | ə | | | |
| ƒ | U+0192 | Ƒ | U+0191 | ƒ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ƒ | |
| ɠ | U+0260 | Ɠ | U+0193 | | | | | | | | | ɠ | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ɣ | U+0263 | Ɣ | U+0194 | ɣ | | | | | | | | | | | ɣ | ɣ | | ɣ | | | | | ɣ | |
| ɦ | U+0266 | | | | ɦ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ḥ | U+1E25 | Ḥ | U+1E24 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ḥ | | | ḥ | | | | | |
| ĩ | U+0129 | Ĩ | U+0128 | | | | | | | | | | | ĩ | | | | | | | | | | |
| ị | U+1ECB | Ị | U+1ECA | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ị | | | ị | | |
| ï | U+00EF | Ï | U+00CF | | | | | | | | | | ï | | | | | | | | | ï | | |
| ɨ | U+0268 | Ɨ | U+0197 | | | ɨ | | | | ɨ | | | | | | | | | ɨ | | | | | |
| ɩ | U+0269 | Ɩ | U+0196 | ɩ | ɩ | | | | | | | | ɩ | | | | | | | | | | ɩ | ɩ |
| ƙ | U+0199 | Ƙ | U+0198 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ƙ | ƙ | | | | | |
| ḷ | U+1E37 | Ḷ | U+1E36 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ḷ | | ḷ | | | | ḷ | | |
| ṇ | U+1E47 | Ṇ | U+1E46 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ṇ | | | | | |
| ñ | U+00F1 | Ñ | U+00D1 | | ñ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ñ | ñ | | | ñ | |
| ɲ | U+0272 | Ɲ | U+019D | | | | ɲ | | | | | ɲ | | | | ɲ | | ɲ | | | | | | |
| ŋ | U+014B | Ŋ | U+014A | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ |
| ó | U+00F3 | Ó | U+00D3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ó | | | | |
| ō | U+014D | Ō | U+014C | | | | | | | | | | | ō | | | | | | | | | | |
| œ | U+0153 | Œ | U+0152 | | | œ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ø | U+00F8 | Ø | U+00D8 | | | ø | | | | ø | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ọ | U+1ECD | Ọ | U+1ECC | | | | | ọ | | | | | | | | | | | ọ | | | | | |
| ö | U+00F6 | Ö | U+00D6 | | | | | | | | | | ö | ö | | | | | | | | ö | | |
| ɔ | U+0254 | Ɔ | U+0186 | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | | ɔ | ɔ | | | ɔ | | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ |
| ṕ | U+1E55 | Ṕ | U+1E54 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ṕ | | | | |
| ɾ | U+027E | | | | ɾ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ɍ | U+024C | Ɍ | U+024D | | | | | ɍ | | | | | | | | | | ɍ | | | | | | |
| š | U+0161 | Š | U+0160 | | | | | š | | | | | | | | | | š | | | | | | |
| ṣ | U+1E63 | Ṣ | U+1E62 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ṣ | | ṣ | ṣ | | | | | |
| ʃ | U+0283 | Ʃ | U+01A9 | | | | | | | | ʃ | | | | | ʃ | | | | | | | | ʃ |
| ṯ | U+1E6F | Ṯ | U+1E6E | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ṯ | | |
| ṭ | U+1E6D | Ṭ | U+1E6C | | | | | | | | | | | | | ṭ | | ṭ | | | | | | |
| ū | U+016B | Ū | U+016A | | | | | | | | | | | ū | | | | | | | | | | |
| ű | U+0171 | Ű | U+0170 | | | | | | | | | | | ű | | | | | | | | | | |
| ụ | U+1EE5 | Ụ | U+1EE4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ụ | | | | | |
| ʉ | U+0289 | Ʉ | U+0244 | | | ʉ | | | | ʉ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ü | U+00FC | Ü | U+00DC | | | | | | | | | | ü | | | ü | | | | | | ü | | |
| ʌ | U+028C | Ʌ | U+0245 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʌ | | ʌ | | | |
| ʊ, ʋ | U+028A, U+028B | Ʊ, Ʋ | U+01B1, U+01B2 | ʊ | ʊ | | | | | | | ʊ | ʊ | | | | | | | | | | ʊ | ʊ |
| ŵ | U+0175 | Ŵ | U+0174 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ŵ | | | | | | | |
| ẅ | U+1E85 | Ẅ | U+1E84 | | | ẅ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ƴ | U+01B4 | Ƴ | U+01B3 | ƴ | ƴ | ƴ | | | | | | ƴ | | | | ƴ | | ƴ | | ƴ | | | | |
| ƶ | U+01B6 | Ƶ | U+01B5 | | | | | | | | ƶ | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ẓ | U+1E93 | Ẓ | U+1E92 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ẓ | | ẓ | ẓ | | | | | |
| ʒ | U+0292 | Ʒ | U+01B7 | ʒ | | | | | | | | | | | | ʒ | | | | | | | | ʒ |
| ʕ | U+0295 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʕ | | | | | | | | |
| ʔ | U+0294 | | | | ʔ | | ʔ | | | | | | ʔ | | | | | | | | | | | |

Digraphen :

| Buchstabe | Buchstabe | CF | TD | CG | GH | GN | KE | LR | NE | SN | TG | |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| a̱ | A̱ | | | | | | | | | a̱ | | |
| bʼ | Bʼ | | | | | | | | bʼ | | | |
| ʼb | ʼB | | ʼb | ʼb | ʼb | | | | | | ʼb | ʼb |
| chʼ | Ch | | | | | | | chʼ | | | | |
| dʼ | Dʼ | | | | | | | | dʼ | | | dʼ |
| ʼd | ʼD | | ʼd | ʼd | ʼd | | | | | | ʼd | |
| dh | Dh | | | | | | | | | | | |
| dʼy | Dʼy | | | | dʼy | | | | | | | |
| e̱ | E̱ | | | | | e̱ | | | | e̱ | | |
| ɛ̈ | Ɛ̈ | | | | | | | | | | | |
| g̣ | G̣ | | | g̣ | | | | | | | | |
| hʼ | Hʼ | | | | | | | hʼ | | | | |
| i̱ | I̱ | | | | | i̱ | | | | | i̱ | |
| ʼj | ʼJ | | | | | | | | | | ʼj | |
| kʼ | Kʼ | | | | | | | kʼ | | | | |
| kʼw | Kʼw | | | | | | | kʼw | | | | |
| ʼl | ʼL | | | | | | ʼl | | | | | |
| mʼ | Mʼ | | | | | | | | mʼ | | | |
| ṅ | Ṅ | | | | | | | | | ṅ | | |
| nʼ | Nʼ | | | | | | | | | | | |
| n̄ | N̄ | | | | | | | | n̄ | n̄ | | |
| ngʼ | Ng | | | | | | | ngʼ | ngʼ | | | |
| nʼg | Nʼg | | | | | | | nʼg | | | | |
| nh | Nh | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ny | Ny | | | | | | | | | | | |
| o̱ | O̱ | | | | | o̱ | | | | o̱ | | |
| ɔ̈ | Ɔ̈ | | | | | | | | | | | |
| pʼ | Pʼ | | | | | | | pʼ | | | | |
| ʼp | ʼP | | | | | | ʼp | | | | | |
| tʼ | Tʼ | | | | | | tʼ | | | tʼ | | |
| th | Th | | | | | | | | | | | |
| tsʼ | Ts’ | | | | | | | tsʼ | | | | |
| u̲ | U̲ | | | | | u̲ | | | | | u̲ | |
| ʼw | ʼW | ʼw | | | ʼw | | ʼw | | | ʼw | ʼw | |
| ʼy | ʼY | | | | | | ʼy | | | ʼy | ʼy | |

Diakritika :

| U+0300 | U+0301 | U+0302 | U+0303 | U+0304 | U+0306 | U+0307 | U+0308 | U+030C | U+0315 | U+0323 | U+0331 | U+0335 |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| ò | ó | ô | õ | ō | ŏ | ȯ | ö | ǒ | o̕ | ọ | o̱ | |

## Zeichenkodierung

ISO 6438:1996, ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 N 3129 :

| Code | …0 | …1 | …2 | …3 | …4 | …5 | …6 | …7 | …8 | …9 | …A | …B | …C | …D | …E | …F |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0… | NUL | SOH | STX | ETX | EOT | ENQ | ACK | BEL | BS | HT | LF | VT | FF | CR | SO | SI |
| 1… | DLE | DC1 | DC2 | DC3 | DC4 | NAK | SYN | ETB | CAN | EM | SUB | ESC | FS | GS | RS | US |
| 2… | SP | ! | " | # | $ | % | & | ' | ( | ) | * | + | , | - | . | / |
| 3… | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | : | ; | < | = | > | ? |
| 4… | @ | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O |
| 5… | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | [ | \ | ] | ^ | _ |
| 6… | ` | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
| 7… | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | { | | | } | ~ | DEL |
| 8… | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 9… | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| A… | | | Ɓ | Ƈ | Ɗ | Ɖ | | Ɛ | Ǝ | | Ƒ | Ɠ | Ɣ | Ħ | | Ɨ |
| B… | | | ɓ | ƈ | ɗ | ɖ | | ɛ | ə | | ƒ | ɠ | ɣ | ħ | | ɪ |
| C… | Ƙ | | | | | | | Ŋ | | Ɵ | Ɔ | Ƥ | | | | Ʃ |
| D… | ƙ | ɬ | | ɱ | | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | | ɵ | ɔ | ƥ | | ɽ | | ʃ |
| E… | Ƭ | Ʈ | | Ʊ | Ʋ | Χ | Ƴ | Ʒ | | | | | | | | |
| F… | ƭ | ʈ | | ʊ | ʋ | χ | ƴ | ʒ | ʕ | ʔ | ʘ | ǀ | ǂ | ǃ | ǁ | |

Escape-Sequenzen (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 N 3129) :

| G0: | ESC 02/08 02/01 F | = 0x1B 0x28 0x21 | = ESC (! |
| - | - | - | - |
| G1: | ESC 02/09 02/01 F | = 0x1B 0x29 0x21 | = ESC )! |
| G2: | ESC 02/10 02/01 F | = 0x1B 0x2A 0x21 | = ESC *! |
| G3: | ESC 02/11 02/01 F | = 0x1B 0x2B 0x21 | = ESC +! |

Escape-Sequenzen (DIN 31625) :

| G0: | ESC 02/08 04/13 | = 0x1B 0x28 0x4D | = ESC ( M |
| - | - | - | - |
| G1: | ESC 02/09 04/13 | = 0x1B 0x29 0x4D | = ESC ) M |
| G2: | ESC 02/10 04/13 | = 0x1B 0x2A 0x4D | = ESC * M |
| G3: | ESC 02/11 04/13 | = 0x1B 0x2B 0x4D | = ESC + M |
