Fascismo
# Fascismo

O fascismo é uma doutrina totalitária desenvolvida por Benito Mussolini na Itália, a partir de 1919, e durante seu governo (1922–1943 e 1943–1945).
       - One can say that to some extent fascism has added a new variation to the old art of lying — the most devilish variation — that of lying the truth. -
          - Hannah Arendt in: Partisan Review, Volume XII 1945, p.98
       - Nach dem linken Faschismus der Sowjets, nach dem rechten Faschismus der Nazis, ist der Islamismus der Faschismus des 21. Jahrhunderts
          - Leon de Winter em entrevista ao Der Spiegel, spiegel.de, 1 de agosto de 2005
       - Wo die Männer versagen, da ruft man nach dem Mann. Der Fascismus, der überall anders, überall in neuer nationaler Vermummung auftritt, weist in allen Ländern diesen einen gemeinsamen Wesenszug auf: die Sehnsucht nach dem Diktator. Die erschlafften Völker suchen nach einem Hirn, das für sie denkt, nach einem Rücken, der für sie trägt.
          - Carl von Ossietzky, World Reaction - Its Nonsense and Its Sense. In: Berliner Volks-Zeitung, 13 de maio de 1923, gutenberg.spiegel.de
    - Dinesh D'Souza no programa Politicking with Larry King
    - As an economic system, fascism is socialism with a capitalist veneer. (...) Fascism embodied corporatism, in which political representation was based on trade and industry rather than on geography. In this, fascism revealed its roots in syndicalism, a form of socialism originating on the left.
    - Sheldon Richman, in: Fascism, The Library of Economics and Liberty
* Uma filosofia política, movimento ou regime que exalta a nação e frequentemente raça acima do indivíduo e que defende um governo centralizado autocrático encabeçado por um líder ditatorial, severa arregimentação econômica e social e forçada supressão da oposição.
* A tendência por ou efetivo exercício de forte controle ditatorial ou autocrático.
    - Merriam-Webster
    - [Italian] Fascism was a variant of classical Marxism, a believe system that pressed some themes argued by both Marx and Engels until they found expression in the form of ‘national syndicalism’ that was to animate the first Fascism.
    - A. James Gregor, in: Young Mussolini and the Intellectual Origins of Fascism, 1979. p. xi.
    - Ronald Reagan, em entrevista ao '60 Minutes', programa jornalístico da CBS — 14 de dezembro de 1975
    - Benito Mussolini, in: Doutrina do Fascismo, 1923
       - It will be seen that, as used, the word 'Fascism' is almost entirely meaningless. In conversation, of course, it is used even more wildly than in print. I have heard it applied to farmers, shopkeepers, Social Credit, corporal punishment, foxhunting, bullfighting, the 1922 Committee, the 1941 Committee, Kipling, Gandhi, Chiang Kai-Shek, homosexuality, Priestley's broadcasts, Youth Hostels, astrology, women, dogs, and I do not what else.
          - Orwell and Politics, George Orwell, ‎Peter Davison, Penguin Books Limited · 2001, ISBN: 9780141913926, 0141913924
       - Pensar‎ - Página 264, Vergílio Ferreira - Bertrand Editora, 1992, ISBN 9722506706, 9789722506700, 3a. ed. - 373 páginas
    - Félix Duque, Los buenos europeos: Hacia una filosofía de la Europa contemporánea, 2ª edición actualizada y revisada, Ediciones Nobel, Oviedo: 2003.
    - Fascism presented itself not only as an alternative, but also as the heir to socialism
       - Jacob Talmon, The Myth of the Nation and the Vision of Revolution, University of California Press, 1981, p. 501
    - In Fascism, as in Communism, the idea of the future was based on a critique of bourgeois modernity… It rose from a variety of currents and from authors of very different origins, all of whom demonized the bourgeoisie. The doctrine was cast as post-Marxist, not as pre-liberal
       - François Furet, The Passing of an Illusion, The Idea of Communism in the Twentieth Century, University of Chicago Press, 1999, p. 175
    - Mussolini insisted that Fascism was the only form of ‘socialism’ appropriate to the ‘proletarian nations’ of the twentieth century.
       - A. James Gregor in: The Phoenix: Fascism in Our Time
    - If the Fascist ideology cannot be described as a simple response to Marxism, its origins, on the other hand, were the direct result of very specific revision of Marxism. It was a revision of Marxism and not a variety of Marxism or a consequence of Marxism... It was the French and Italian Sorelians, the theoreticians of revolutionary syndicalism who made this new and original revision of Marxism, and precisely this was their contribution to the birth of the Fascist ideology.
       - Zeev Sternhell in: The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution, 1994, p. 5
    - In the form that it emerged at the turn of the century and developed in the 1920s and 1930s, the fascist ideology represented a synthesis of organic nationalism with the antimaterialist revision of Marxism. It expressed a revolutionary aspiration based on a rejection of individualism, whether liberal or Marxist, and it created the elements of a new and original political culture.
       - Zeev Sternhell in: The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution, 1994, p. 6
    - Fascism adopted the economic aspect of liberalism but completely denied its philosophical principles and the intellectual and moral heritage of modernity.
       - Zeev Sternhell in: The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution, 1994, p. 7
    - The nascent Fascist ideology derived its initial basic content from the syndicalist-nationalist synthesis. This synthesis would not have been possible without the original contribution of Sorel, Sorel who had preached hatred for the heritage of the eighteenth century, for Voltaire and Rousseau, for the French Revolution, for rationalism and optimism, for liberal democracy and bourgeois society.
       - Zeev Sternhell in: The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution, 1994, p. 90

## Lemas e provérbios fascistas

* "Tudo no Estado, nada fora do Estado, nada contra o Estado."
    - Tutto nello Stato, niente al di fuori dello Stato, nulla contro lo Stato
       - Parte do discurso de Benito Mussolini no Teatro della Scala , Milão, 28 outubro 1925
* "Não me importa"
       - Me ne frego, o lema fascista italiano.
          - Hitler en América - Página 71, Omar Díaz Aparicio · Imp. Deptal., 1983
* "Livro e musquete - fascista perfeito."
       - Libro e moschetto - fascista perfetto
          - Archivio storico italiano - Página 196, Leo S. Olschki, 1933

## Veja também

* Definições de fascismo
* ↑ Word of the year 2016: for Merriam-Webster, 'surreal' trumps 'fascism'
* ↑ Não tornem “fascismo” a palavra de 2016