Inteligência artificial
# Inteligência artificial

Inteligência artificial (IA) é a inteligência das máquinas e o ramo da ciência da computação que visa criá-la. Os livros didáticos de IA definem o campo como "o estudo e o design de agentes inteligentes", onde um agente inteligente é um sistema que percebe seu ambiente e toma ações que maximizam suas chances de sucesso. John McCarthy, que cunhou o termo em 1955, define-o como "a ciência e a engenharia de fazer máquinas inteligentes".
    -The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race. We cannot quite know what will happen if a machine exceeds our own intelligence, so we can't know if we'll be infinitely helped by it, or ignored by it and sidelined, or conceivably destroyed by it.
       -Stephen Hawking na BBC, 2 de dezembro de 2014
    -The question of whether a computer is playing chess, or doing long division, or translating Chinese, is like the question of whether robots can murder or airplanes can fly -- or people; after all, the "flight" of the Olympic long jump champion is only an order of magnitude short of that of the chicken champion (so I'm told). These are questions of decision, not fact; decision as to whether to adopt a certain metaphoric extension of common usage.
       -Noam Chomsky, Powers and Prospects (1996)
    -What often happens is that an engineer has an idea of how the brain works (in his opinion) and then designs a machine that behaves that way. This new machine may in fact work very well. But, I must warn you that that does not tell us anything about how the brain actually works, nor is it necessary to ever really know that, in order to make a computer very capable. It is not necessary to understand the way birds flap their wings and how the feathers are designed in order to make a flying machine. It is not necessary to understand the lever system in the legs of a cheetah...in order to make an automobile with wheels that go very fast. It is therefore not necessary to imitate the behavior of Nature in detail in order to engineer a device which can in many respects surpass Nature's abilities.
       -Richard Feynman, "Computing Machines in the Future," The Pleasure of Finding Things Out (1999)
    -I think “superintelligence” is like “superpower.” Anyone can define “superpower” as “flight, superhuman strength, X-ray vision, heat vision, cold breath, super-speed, enhance hearing, and nigh-invulnerability.” Anyone could imagine it, and recognize it when he or she sees it. But that does not mean that there exists a highly advanced physiology called “superpower” that is possessed by refugees from Krypton! It does not mean that anabolic steroids, because they increase speed and strength, can be “scaled” to yield superpowers. And a skeptic who makes these points is not quibbling over the meaning of the word superpower, nor would he or she balk at applying the word upon meeting a real-life Superman. Their point is that we almost certainly will never, in fact, meet a real-life Superman. That’s because he’s defined by human imagination, not by an understanding of how things work.
       -Steven Pinker, Comentários sobre inteligência geral, artificial e superinteligência, 21 de julho de 2022.
    -A computer would deserve to be called intelligent if it could deceive a human into believing that it was human.
       -Alan Turing