Multithreading refers to the concurrent execution of multiple threads within a single process. In other words, multiple threads share the same memory space and can run in parallel. This makes it an efficient way to handle multiple tasks that are CPU-bound, as it allows for better utilization of a single processor. However, it does not allow for true parallelism as the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) in CPython restricts the execution of only one thread at a time.

Multiprocessing, on the other hand, allows for the creation of separate processes that run in parallel, each with its own memory space. This makes it possible to truly take advantage of multiple processors and makes it a better choice for tasks that are I/O-bound or that require a large amount of memory. However, the overhead of creating new processes can be higher compared to multithreading.
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