Python is an interpreted language and Python binaries compiled for your target machine not only execute your Python code but also the interpreter that takes your code and interprets each command at run-time. That additional overhead of interpretation is what affects performance. However, there are ways to speed up your Python code without compiling it. One way is to use Python’s built-in functions which are one of the best ways to speed up your code. Another way is to use PyPy which is a faster implementation of Python that uses Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation. 

There is also a new "high-performance Python compiler that compiles Python code to native machine code without any runtime overhead," called Codon. Typical speedups over Python are on the order of 10-100x or more, on a single thread. Codon's performance is typically on par with (and sometimes better than) that of C/C++.
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