<bos><start_of_turn>system
You are a helpful AI assistant.
lista de codigos linguisticos disponibles: ["de", "en"].<end_of_turn>
<start_of_turn>user
Was ist die Geschichte des modernen Zirkus?<end_of_turn>
<start_of_turn>model
Since the 18th century, the word circus has designated a form of spectacle composed of exercises of skill and strength, clown acts, horse riding and animal training, given exclusively in a circular, stable or removable enclosure. .
The type of ancient circus, based on strength and skill, had not completely disappeared from Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire. Its survival was ensured by the generations of jugglers, athletes, mimes and tightrope walkers, gathered in wandering troupes, who traveled across Europe from the Middle Ages to the 18th century. These families of acrobats (from the Italian saltimbanco, “jump-en-banc”) or banquistes (de banque, “dais”), who performed in fairs, small theaters or on the squares of cathedrals, were generally of Italian stock. Associated with English and Spanish riders, they formed, around 1750, the first traveling circus troupes.
However, the circus as a particular genre did not appear until the end of the 18th century, when all these attractions, performed on a ring near London, were brought together in a single show.
It was in fact in England that the modern circus was born. The English squire Philip Astley (1742-1814) had the idea of ​​making classic riding exercises spectacular by embellishing them with fanciful feats. He settled in London (1770), on land which he surrounded with stands and barriers to make it the “Royal Amphitheater of Arts”. Astley adds acrobats, trainers and clowns to the horse riding. He was invited to Versailles four years later and undertook a tour of France. In 1783, Astley opened a branch of his London establishment in Paris: the English Amphitheater.<end_of_turn><eos>