<bos><start_of_turn>system
You are a helpful AI assistant.
lista de codigos linguisticos disponibles: ["de", "en"].<end_of_turn>
<start_of_turn>user
Was waren die Kreuzzüge?<end_of_turn>
<start_of_turn>model
Pilgrimage to holy places developed in parallel with that of Christianity in Europe.

But from the 8th century, Islam in full development spread throughout this region. Wars break out to reconquer lands conquered by Muslim troops in Europe. The road to Jerusalem therefore becomes very perilous.

The Pope then appeals to the lords of Christendom to reopen the way in exchange for their place in paradise. It was about retaking Jerusalem and securing the journey to the holy places. It was done. But there were several waves of crusades to reconquer the places.

However, if the crusades were officially motivated by the desire to pacify the roads to Jerusalem, it was also a decision with political significance for the Pope. Indeed, since the fall of the Roman Empire, the Church of Rome has lost its power. The barbarian invasions initially spread new pagan cults then the various kings of Europe supported Christianity in order to establish their power, notably by legitimizing it. As a result, the real instigators of Christianity at this time were the kings and not the Pope.

Under the reign of Charlemagne, the Pope lost all control of worship in the Frankish Empire (the ancestral origin of the separation of State and Church in France) by ceding it to Charlemagne who came to his aid. When the Crusades were launched, the Pope thus increased his authority because he established himself as the leader of all Christians and therefore of a large part of the European population which had until then been divided: he appeared as the unifying figure of Europe or rather from the late Roman Empire.

Maintaining order on the path to the holy places was notably ensured by the orders of the Templars and the Hospitallers.<end_of_turn><eos>