<bos><start_of_turn>system
You are a helpful AI assistant.
lista de codigos linguisticos disponibles: ["de", "en"].<end_of_turn>
<start_of_turn>user
Beschreiben Sie den Ursprung des Musicals.<end_of_turn>
<start_of_turn>model
The musical is a form of show which takes up the narrative structures of the opera and the operetta by presenting to the public fictions where the characters pass (in general) naturally from realistic expression to a dreamlike universe where everything becomes possible in dances and songs. As such, we can consider Molière's Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (1670) as one of the first musical comedies. Another step was taken with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who designated Zaïde (1780) as an “operetta” because his work contained spoken moments between arias; the culmination of this form was the Magic Flute (1791).
Magnified by Jacques Offenbach, French opera buffa uses burlesque. Then the Austrian Franz Lehár gave the operetta its Viennese form. This type of show then invaded the French stage with successes such as Véronique (André Messager, 1898), Phi-Phi (Albert Willemetz and Henri Christiné, 1918) or l'Amour masque (Sacha Guitry and A. Messager, 1923).
The last major change of importance occurred with the Threepenny Opera (1928) by Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill. The play broke with the subjects of vaudeville and melodrama that flourished in operetta.
A musical movement also developed in music halls in Great Britain as well as in the United States, more particularly in New York in the Broadway theaters. Dancers perform numbers. Lyricists and musicians make their songs known there; among them: George Gershwin (1898-1937), Jerome Kern (1885-1945), Oscar Hammerstein II (1895-1960), Cole Porter (1891?-1964), Irving Berlin (1888-1939). For their part, troupes of black singers and dancers, the Minstrel shows (montage of gags, songs and dances linked by sketches), introduced jazz into American variety. All these talents merge in shows called “revues”, the pioneers of which were those of Florenz Ziegfeld Jr (1867-1932), between 1896 and 1929.<end_of_turn><eos>