text: The author at times proposes some risks and hardships that are bound to be faced on the journey to Venus. This outline of the challenges of the adventure help the author provide a refutal before any readers can even challenge thier argument. In paragraph 3, the author states that, "A thick atmosphere of almost 97 percent carbon dioxide blankets Venus. Even more challenging are the clouds of highly corrosive sulfuric acid in Venus' atmosphere. On the planet's surface, temperatures average over 800 degrees Fahrenheit, and the atmospheric pressure is 90 times greater than what we experience on our own planet." Although it seems as if they're changing their own mind, they complete the refutal in paragraph 4 by saying, "... recall that Venus can sometimes be our nearest option for a planetary visit, a curcial consideration given the long time frames of space travel. The value of returning to Venus seems indisputable..." Here the author reminds readers that through all of these hardships and challenges that would need to be faced, if we cannot go through with this endevour and fulfill successful travel to Venus, how are we to do anything more and continue to innovate as humans have done for many many years?