    Sentence When did Western forces invade Iraq?    Sentence Driginating as the Jama’at al-Tawhid  wal-Jihad in 1999, it pledged allegiance to al-  Qaeda in 2004, parti red in the Iraqi  insurgency that the March 2003  invasion of Iraq by Western forces, joined the  fight in the Syrian CivigWar beginning in March  2011, and was expelled from al-Qaeda in early  2014, (which complained of its failure to consult  and “notorious intransigence”).    s  ¥