Instruction: What is the Mile of Music?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is the Mile of Music?

### Response:

Output: The Mile of Music is an annual 4-day music festival held in Appleton, WI.  Started in 2013, each year of the festival increments an additional 'mile,' so 2023 will be celebrating Mile 10.  The artists that perform are typically up-and-coming artists who only play original music at the festival. Sets tend to be about an hour long, and they are hosted throughout the approximate 1-mile stretch of downtown Appleton on College Avenue at various coffee shops, bars, restaurants and parks.  A wide range of musical genres have been represented, including: rock, country, jazz, folk,  hip hop and circus punk.  Some performers come from the local area, such as Kyle Megna and The Monsoons.  Others are more regional performers, like Bascom Hill.  But many performers come from across the country, and have performed on multiple 'Miles', such as Chestnut Grove, The Quiet Hollers and Jamie Kent. Repeat bands often feel famous during the four days of the festival, leading Jamie Kent to write his song 'Famous (in Appleton)'.  In conjunction with the music festival, an annual supported bike ride was launched called Bike to the Beat.  Riders can stop at several locations along routes of various distances to get refreshments and hear performers from the festival.


Instruction: Identify which car manufacturer is Japanese or American: Isuzu, Cadillac

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Identify which car manufacturer is Japanese or American: Isuzu, Cadillac

### Response:

Output: Isuzu is Japanese, Cadillac is American


Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Crotale, Kannel

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Crotale, Kannel

### Response:

Output: Kannel is string, Crotale is percussion.


Instruction: When was the Berlin wall torn down?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
When was the Berlin wall torn down?

### Input:
After World War II and its subsequent occupation by the victorious countries, the devastated city was divided; West Berlin became a de facto exclave of West Germany, surrounded by the Berlin Wall (from August 1961 to November 1989) and East German territory.[14] East Berlin was declared capital of East Germany, while Bonn became the West German capital. Following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all of Germany.

### Response:

Input: After World War II and its subsequent occupation by the victorious countries, the devastated city was divided; West Berlin became a de facto exclave of West Germany, surrounded by the Berlin Wall (from August 1961 to November 1989) and East German territory.[14] East Berlin was declared capital of East Germany, while Bonn became the West German capital. Following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all of Germany.

Output: The Berlin wall was torn down in 1989.


Instruction: Give me three recipes from different cuisines that I can make with potatoes and chicken

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Give me three recipes from different cuisines that I can make with potatoes and chicken

### Response:

Output: You could make potato dumplings in a chicken broth, which comes from German cuisine. Another recipe is mashed potatoes and fried chicken from the American South. You could also try making a Thai curry with chicken and potatoes.


Instruction: Give a list of all the names of people that Arboe trained under?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Give a list of all the names of people that Arboe trained under?

### Input:
Arboe was born at Rønne on the island of Bornholm, Denmark. He was the son of Otto Henrik Arboe and Oliva Elisabeth Saxtorph. He attended the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts building school and ornament school from 1855 to 1862 where he was a student of Gustav Friedrich Hetsch (1788–1864) and also trained under Niels Sigfred Nebelong (1806–1871).

### Response:

Input: Arboe was born at Rønne on the island of Bornholm, Denmark. He was the son of Otto Henrik Arboe and Oliva Elisabeth Saxtorph. He attended the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts building school and ornament school from 1855 to 1862 where he was a student of Gustav Friedrich Hetsch (1788–1864) and also trained under Niels Sigfred Nebelong (1806–1871).

Output: Gustav Friedrich Hetsch and Niels Sigfred Nebelong


Instruction: What are the top 3 items that I need when traveling by plane.

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What are the top 3 items that I need when traveling by plane.

### Response:

Output:
When packing for this trip, you should pack:
1. An empty reusable water bottle to fill at the airport so you can stay hydrated.
2. A packable airplane travel pillow so that you can sleep comfortably on the flight.
3. A snack in case you get hungry.


Instruction: Classify each of the following as either a brass or woodwind instrument: flute, clarinet, oboe, trombone, trumpet, and tuba.

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Classify each of the following as either a brass or woodwind instrument: flute, clarinet, oboe, trombone, trumpet, and tuba.

### Response:

Output:
-Woodwind instruments: flute, clarinet, and oboe
-Brass instruments: trombone, trumpet, and tuba


Instruction: Given a reference text about parks in Edina, determine the average size of its parks.

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Given a reference text about parks in Edina, determine the average size of its parks.

### Input:
Edina's parkland and open space total more than 1,550 acres (6.3 km2). The Edina Park and Recreation Department oversees 44 parks, which include amenities such as baseball, football and soccer fields; softball diamonds; basketball and tennis courts; outdoor skating rinks; playground equipment for young children; and picnic shelters. The Department also maintains eight miles (13 km) of scenic pathways for bicycling, walking, jogging, cross-country skiing and snowshoeing.[52]

### Response:

Input: Edina's parkland and open space total more than 1,550 acres (6.3 km2). The Edina Park and Recreation Department oversees 44 parks, which include amenities such as baseball, football and soccer fields; softball diamonds; basketball and tennis courts; outdoor skating rinks; playground equipment for young children; and picnic shelters. The Department also maintains eight miles (13 km) of scenic pathways for bicycling, walking, jogging, cross-country skiing and snowshoeing.[52]

Output: Since there are 44 total parks and a total of 1,550 acres across all parks, the average size of each park would be about 35 acres, because 1,550 divided by 44 is 35 after rounding to the nearest whole number.


Instruction: What is the capital of Hawaii?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is the capital of Hawaii?

### Input:
Honolulu means "sheltered harbor"[9] or "calm port" in Hawaiian;[10] its old name, Kou, roughly encompasses the area from Nuʻuanu Avenue to Alakea Street and from Hotel Street to Queen Street, which is the heart of the present downtown district.[11] The city's desirability as a port accounts for its historical growth and importance in the Hawaiian archipelago and the broader Pacific region. Honolulu has been the capital of the Hawaiian Islands since 1845, first of the independent Hawaiian Kingdom, and after 1898 of the U.S. territory and state of Hawaii. The city gained worldwide recognition following Japan's attack on nearby Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, which prompted the entry of the U.S. into World War II; the harbor remains a major naval base, hosting the U.S. Pacific Fleet, the world's largest naval command.[12]

### Response:

Input: Honolulu means "sheltered harbor"[9] or "calm port" in Hawaiian;[10] its old name, Kou, roughly encompasses the area from Nuʻuanu Avenue to Alakea Street and from Hotel Street to Queen Street, which is the heart of the present downtown district.[11] The city's desirability as a port accounts for its historical growth and importance in the Hawaiian archipelago and the broader Pacific region. Honolulu has been the capital of the Hawaiian Islands since 1845, first of the independent Hawaiian Kingdom, and after 1898 of the U.S. territory and state of Hawaii. The city gained worldwide recognition following Japan's attack on nearby Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, which prompted the entry of the U.S. into World War II; the harbor remains a major naval base, hosting the U.S. Pacific Fleet, the world's largest naval command.[12]

Output: Honolulu has been the capital of Hawaii since 1845. Honolulu has been the capital of the independent Hawaiian Kingdom and since 1898 of the U.S. territory and state of Hawaii.


Instruction: Why are ragdoll cats called ragdolls?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Why are ragdoll cats called ragdolls?

### Response:

Output: Ragdoll cats are best known for their docile, placid temperament and affectionate nature. The name 'Ragdoll' is derived from the tendency to go limp and relax when picked up, just like an old fashioned doll made from and stuffed with rags. In fact, it is not uncommon to see a Ragdoll cat held by its owner as if it were a baby - on its back, legs in the air, limp and calm as can be.  Most cat breeds would never tolerate that. The breed is particularly popular in both the United Kingdom and the United States.


Instruction: What is Redis?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is Redis?

### Response:

Output: Redis is an in-memory data structure store, used as a distributed, in-memory key-value database, cache and message broker, with optional durability.


Instruction: Write an opening passage to a story that is based on a world where cloning is rampant, in the style of dark humor.

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Write an opening passage to a story that is based on a world where cloning is rampant, in the style of dark humor.

### Response:

Output: I love the mornings. Everything feels original for a few moments. Until it hits me. My dog, licking my hand to rouse me from bed, is a copy. My moist hand was copied. My wife sleeping quietly beside me, perfect in every way, was cloned 4 days ago. It's not just living things either, my car, my coffee mug, my barbecue, my hockey sticks, all copies. My pajamas were copied after I burned my entire house down 5 days ago because I couldn't figure out how to stop a leak in my bathroom sink (I walked outside with the dog, but got new copies of everything the next day). It's a life full of convenience. I hate it.


Instruction: Is the blue-ring octopus harmless?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Is the blue-ring octopus harmless?

### Input:
The greater blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena lunulata) is one of four species of extremely venomous blue-ringed octopuses belonging to the family Octopodidae. This particular species of blue-ringed octopus is known as one of the most toxic marine animals in the world.

### Response:

Input: The greater blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena lunulata) is one of four species of extremely venomous blue-ringed octopuses belonging to the family Octopodidae. This particular species of blue-ringed octopus is known as one of the most toxic marine animals in the world.

Output: No, it is extremely toxic.


Instruction: In which regions has Starbucks come under scrutiny?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
In which regions has Starbucks come under scrutiny?

### Input:
Starbucks, an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain, has been the subject of multiple controversies. Public and employee criticism against the company has come from around the world, including a wide range issues from tax avoidance in Europe, anti-competitive practices in the United States, human rights issues in multiple countries, and labor issues involving union busting, questions about pay equity, and ethics in partnerships in Africa.

### Response:

Input: Starbucks, an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain, has been the subject of multiple controversies. Public and employee criticism against the company has come from around the world, including a wide range issues from tax avoidance in Europe, anti-competitive practices in the United States, human rights issues in multiple countries, and labor issues involving union busting, questions about pay equity, and ethics in partnerships in Africa.

Output: Criticism of Starbucks has been noted in Europe, the United States, as well as Africa.


Instruction: How can UV light be used?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
How can UV light be used?

### Response:

Output: UV light is electromagnetic radiation.  It has a wavelength that is shorter than regular visible light.  UV light can be used in water purification to kill viruses and bacteria in city water.  Continuous flow UV lights can kill virus and bacteria up to 99.999%.  This is very helpful because it keeps people from ingesting virus and bacteria in their water source.  UV light has other applications such as tanning beds.  UV light can also be used in disinfecting services too.


Instruction: Extract the awards that Bob Sanders gained throughout his career, and put them in a comma-separated list.

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Extract the awards that Bob Sanders gained throughout his career, and put them in a comma-separated list.

### Input:
Demond "Bob" Sanders (born February 24, 1981) is an American former professional football player who was a safety in the National Football League (NFL) for eight seasons. He played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes and was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the second round of the 2004 NFL Draft. He was named NFL Defensive Player of the Year in 2007 and also played for the San Diego Chargers in his final season in 2011.

Sanders was nicknamed "The Sandman" because of his hard hits and tackles, and was also called "The Eraser" by former Colts' coach Tony Dungy because of his tendency to erase the mistakes of his teammates. He spent the majority of his career battling injuries, having played more than six games in a single season only twice, in 2005 and 2007.

### Response:

Input:
Demond "Bob" Sanders (born February 24, 1981) is an American former professional football player who was a safety in the National Football League (NFL) for eight seasons. He played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes and was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the second round of the 2004 NFL Draft. He was named NFL Defensive Player of the Year in 2007 and also played for the San Diego Chargers in his final season in 2011.

Sanders was nicknamed "The Sandman" because of his hard hits and tackles, and was also called "The Eraser" by former Colts' coach Tony Dungy because of his tendency to erase the mistakes of his teammates. He spent the majority of his career battling injuries, having played more than six games in a single season only twice, in 2005 and 2007.

Output: NFL Defensive Player of the Year in 2007


Instruction: Tell me whether these are popular sports are more popular in United States of America or in Australia.

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Tell me whether these are popular sports are more popular in United States of America or in Australia.

### Response:

Output: Basketball, American Football, Baseball, and Lacrosse are more popular in the United States of America. Soccer, Australian Rules Football, Rugby, and Cricket are more popular in Australia.


Instruction: Cuzco, Machu Pichu is a famous place located in which country?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Cuzco, Machu Pichu is a famous place located in which country?

### Response:

Output: Peru


Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Hyoshigi, Ronroco

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Hyoshigi, Ronroco

### Response:

Output: Ronroco is string, Hyoshigi is percussion.


Instruction: What are some interesting facts around Wilmer McLean's residencies when it comes to the American Civil War?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What are some interesting facts around Wilmer McLean's residencies when it comes to the American Civil War?

### Input:
Wilmer McLean (May 3, 1814 – June 5, 1882) was an American wholesale grocer from Virginia. His house, near Manassas, Virginia, was involved in the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861. After the battle, he moved to Appomattox, Virginia, to escape the war, thinking that it would be safe. Instead, in 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in McLean's house in Appomattox. His houses were, therefore, involved in one of the first and one of the last encounters of the American Civil War.

### Response:

Input: Wilmer McLean (May 3, 1814 – June 5, 1882) was an American wholesale grocer from Virginia. His house, near Manassas, Virginia, was involved in the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861. After the battle, he moved to Appomattox, Virginia, to escape the war, thinking that it would be safe. Instead, in 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in McLean's house in Appomattox. His houses were, therefore, involved in one of the first and one of the last encounters of the American Civil War.

Output: He lived near Manassas, Virginia, where one for the first battles of the Civil War was fought, and then moved to Appomattox, also in Virginia, on this later home General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant, near the end of the Civil War.


Instruction: Where did Allen Eager grow up?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Where did Allen Eager grow up?

### Input:
Allen Eager was born in New York City on January 10, 1927. He grew up in the Bronx.[1] According to Denise McCluggage, Eager could read aged 3, and learned to drive at the age of 9 with the help of his mother, after she caught him driving a garbage truck near the hotels that his parents owned in the Catskill Mountains.[2] He took clarinet lessons with David Weber of the New York Philharmonic at the age of 13.[3]

### Response:

Input: Allen Eager was born in New York City on January 10, 1927. He grew up in the Bronx.[1] According to Denise McCluggage, Eager could read aged 3, and learned to drive at the age of 9 with the help of his mother, after she caught him driving a garbage truck near the hotels that his parents owned in the Catskill Mountains.[2] He took clarinet lessons with David Weber of the New York Philharmonic at the age of 13.[3]

Output: Allen Eager grew up in the Bronx.


Instruction: What causes that feeling of weightlessness when you're on a rollercoaster?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What causes that feeling of weightlessness when you're on a rollercoaster?

### Response:

Output: The weightless feeling from a rollercoaster is caused by gravitational force, also known as g-force. Different rollercoaster elements lead to different types of g-force: there is positive g-force, which drives blood downwards towards the feet, and negative g-force, which drives blood upwards towards the head. Negative g-force acts opposite to gravity, and it occurs when you accelerate downwards faster than free-fall. The acceleration causes you to pull out of your seat, evoking a sense of weightlessness.


Instruction: Is it possible to prevent Type 2 Diabetes?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Is it possible to prevent Type 2 Diabetes?

### Response:

Output: Type 2 diabetes is largely preventable by staying a normal weight, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet (high in fruits and vegetables and low in sugar and saturated  fats).Treatment involves exercise and dietary changes.  If blood sugar levels are not adequately lowered, the medication metformin is typically recommended. Many people may eventually also require insulin injections. In those on insulin, routinely checking blood sugar levels is advised; however, this may not be needed in those who are not on insulin therapy. Bariatric surgery often improves diabetes in those who are obese.


Instruction: How many vaccines should I get, if a dog bites me?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
How many vaccines should I get, if a dog bites me?

### Response:

Output: There is no common number that applies to all, so you should immediately seek medical assistance. And then, based on the severity of the bite, your health provider can recommend the number of vaccines, along with any other treatment.


Instruction: Give me a bullet list of lots of possible weather forecasts

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Give me a bullet list of lots of possible weather forecasts

### Response:

Output:
- Sunny
- Partially cloudy
- Cloudy
- Showers
- Thunderstorms
- Hail
- Snowstorm
- Snow flurries
- Heavy fog


Instruction: What singer has had a Billboard No. 1 hit in each of the last four decades?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What singer has had a Billboard No. 1 hit in each of the last four decades?

### Response:

Output: Mariah Carey


Instruction: Write a diary entry about a real life incident on your recent trip with your family

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Write a diary entry about a real life incident on your recent trip with your family

### Response:

Output: It was a sunny afternoon when we went hiking at Latourell falls as a family. When we were climbing down suddenly we found a snake and a salamander on the trail. The snake attacked the salamander. The salamander fought back but the snake ate it. My son saw the scene and felt so sad. We explained to him that it was nature's way of keeping the balance.


Instruction:
Which of the following are beach wear vs what one would wear on a cold winter trek? If there are common items, create a third category called 'Common':

Socks
Hats
Neck gaiter
Sunglasses
Swimsuits
Undershirts
Cover-ups
Down jacket
Trek poles
Water Shoes
Beanie
Sandals

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Which of the following are beach wear vs what one would wear on a cold winter trek? If there are common items, create a third category called 'Common':

Socks
Hats
Neck gaiter
Sunglasses
Swimsuits
Undershirts
Cover-ups
Down jacket
Trek poles
Water Shoes
Beanie
Sandals

### Response:

Output:
Beach wear:
Swimsuits
Cover-ups
Sandals
Water Shoes

Cold winter trek wear:
Neck gaiter
Down jacket
Beanie
Trek poles

Common:
Socks
Hats
Sunglasses
Undershirts


Instruction:
Classify the below as food or drinks.
Fish, Meat, Salad, Apple, Lemonade, Coffee, Tea

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Classify the below as food or drinks.
Fish, Meat, Salad, Apple, Lemonade, Coffee, Tea

### Response:

Output:
Food - Fish, Meat, Salad, Apple
Drinks - Lemonade, Coffee, Tea


Instruction: Why does the Earth revolve around the Sun?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Why does the Earth revolve around the Sun?

### Response:

Output: The Earth revolves around the Sun due to gravity. The more mass an object has, the greater its gravitational pull on other objects. The most massive object in the solar system is the sun, which is actually one of the larger yellow dwarf stars in the universe. With a mass of 1.98892 x 10 to the 30th power kilograms, the sun has approximately 333,000 times more mass than Earth. Because the gravitational pull of the sun is so much more than the Earth's gravitational pull, the Earth is forced into an orbit around the sun.


Instruction: What are some of the highest quality, full flavored cigars I can buy in the united states?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What are some of the highest quality, full flavored cigars I can buy in the united states?

### Response:

Output:
Due to the US embargo banning importation of products from Cuba in the mid 20th century, the storied Cuban cigar has not been able to be legally purchased by US consumers.With that said, there are numerous highly regarded cigar makers in countries like Nicargua, the Dominican Republic, and Honduras whose cigars rival the best Cuban cigars, many of them full flavored. Here are a few options to consider:

Arturo Fuente Opus X - this is a highly complex, highly sought after, full-flavored cigar from the Dominican Republic that retails for ~$25 for a single, making it an expensive choice for a regular cigar smoker. With that said, it is near the top of the list of favorites for most cigar aficianados.

Padron Serie 1926 - this is a creamy, chocolatey cigar from Nicaragua that retails for around $17, making it a slightly more affordable option, though still a premium selection. These are produced in higher volume than the Opus, which makes them easier to fine.

Ashton VSG - this is a Dominican cigar, with VSG standing for "Virgin Sun Grown." The flavor profile is very unique due to the sun grown wrapper. These are about $13 for a single at retail depending on size.

There are dozens of reputable cigar makers making thousands of cigars, but those above are longstanding staples of many avid cigar smokers in the US.


Instruction: how to become fit

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
how to become fit

### Response:

Output: Getting fit is a journey than just a milestone. It starts with maintaining a positive attitude, healthy lifestyle comprising of good eating habits, good sleep cycle and an active lifestyle. If you are trying to get fit, start with making small life style changes like including walking, running, a sport, an exercise routine or any activity that you think is fun in your every day life. Apart from that eat healthy and get good sleep for your body & mind to rest and recover.  Most importantly remember that there are no short cuts or a quick solution to getting fit. So start you journey today and enjoy yourself.


Instruction: How do you check the weather on an iPhone?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
How do you check the weather on an iPhone?

### Response:

Output: Open the "Weather" app. Also, you can set a Weather widget on your home screen. To do this, long-press the home screen.


Instruction: What birds can I find in San Francisco?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What birds can I find in San Francisco?

### Response:

Output:
You can find many birds in San Francisco, especially in parks like Golden Gate Park and the Lands End. Some of the birds you might find include:

- American Crow
- Anna's Hummingbird
- Red-tailed Hawk
- Steller's Jay
- Chestnut-backed Chickadee
- Red-winged Blackbird
- Dark-eyed Junco
- Acorn Woodpecker
- House finch
- American Robin
- Song Sparrow


Instruction: What is one of your favorite hobbies?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is one of your favorite hobbies?

### Response:

Output: I'm an avid reader, especially of audiobooks. I read or listen to more than a book a week, and will dabble in a lot of different genres. I've recently been reading a lot of sci-fi and fantasy, but also enjoy a good biography, military history, sociological, or general work of fiction as long as they are well written.


Instruction: What are some of the greatest rock bands of all time?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What are some of the greatest rock bands of all time?

### Response:

Output: The Rolling Stones, The Beatles, and Led Zeppelin


Instruction: Greta Thunberg is a Swedish Environmental activist has donated the  Prize  money of 1 million Euros for what cause?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Greta Thunberg is a Swedish Environmental activist has donated the  Prize  money of 1 million Euros for what cause?

### Response:

Output: Environment and climate change


Instruction: What does Korla stand for?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What does Korla stand for?

### Input:
Korla,[5][6] also known as Kurla[7][8][9][10][11] or from Mandarin Chinese as Ku'erle or Kuerle,[6] is the second largest city in Xinjiang. It is a county-level city and the seat of the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, the largest prefecture of China.

Korla has existed since at least the Han Dynasty. Korla is known for its production of fragrant pears and is a production center for the Tarim oil fields.

### Response:

Input:
Korla,[5][6] also known as Kurla[7][8][9][10][11] or from Mandarin Chinese as Ku'erle or Kuerle,[6] is the second largest city in Xinjiang. It is a county-level city and the seat of the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, the largest prefecture of China.

Korla has existed since at least the Han Dynasty. Korla is known for its production of fragrant pears and is a production center for the Tarim oil fields.

Output: Korla is the second largest city in Xinjiang, China. It is also known as Kurla or Kuerle. It is located in the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. It is known for fragrant pears and oil fields.


Instruction: Tell me how many final fours purdue has been to and whether or not they have won any championships

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Tell me how many final fours purdue has been to and whether or not they have won any championships

### Input:
The Purdue Boilermakers basketball team is a men's college basketball program that competes in NCAA Division I and is a member of the Big Ten Conference.

Purdue basketball holds the most Big Ten regular season championships, with 25.[2] Purdue also holds a winning record against all other Big Ten schools in head-to-head match ups.[3][4][5]

The Boilermakers have reached two NCAA Tournament Final Fours and one championship game, but have not won an NCAA Championship. The 1931–32 team was retroactively named a national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation and the Premo-Porretta Power Poll.[6][7]

Purdue has sent more than 30 players to the NBA, including two overall No. 1 picks in the NBA draft. Purdue has one main rivalry against the Indiana Hoosiers (see Indiana–Purdue Rivalry).

### Response:

Input:
The Purdue Boilermakers basketball team is a men's college basketball program that competes in NCAA Division I and is a member of the Big Ten Conference.

Purdue basketball holds the most Big Ten regular season championships, with 25.[2] Purdue also holds a winning record against all other Big Ten schools in head-to-head match ups.[3][4][5]

The Boilermakers have reached two NCAA Tournament Final Fours and one championship game, but have not won an NCAA Championship. The 1931–32 team was retroactively named a national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation and the Premo-Porretta Power Poll.[6][7]

Purdue has sent more than 30 players to the NBA, including two overall No. 1 picks in the NBA draft. Purdue has one main rivalry against the Indiana Hoosiers (see Indiana–Purdue Rivalry).

Output:
The Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball team has reached two NCAA Tournament Final Fours.

While they have not won any national championships, they were retroactively named a national champion in 1932. They have also won 25 Big Ten regular season championships.


Instruction: What is Github Copilot?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is Github Copilot?

### Input:
GitHub Copilot is a cloud-based artificial intelligence tool developed by GitHub and OpenAI to assist users of Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, Neovim, and JetBrains integrated development environments (IDEs) by autocompleting code. Currently available by subscription to individual developers, the tool was first announced by GitHub on 29 June 2021, and works best for users coding in Python, JavaScript, TypeScript, Ruby, and Go.

### Response:

Input: GitHub Copilot is a cloud-based artificial intelligence tool developed by GitHub and OpenAI to assist users of Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, Neovim, and JetBrains integrated development environments (IDEs) by autocompleting code. Currently available by subscription to individual developers, the tool was first announced by GitHub on 29 June 2021, and works best for users coding in Python, JavaScript, TypeScript, Ruby, and Go.

Output: GitHub Copilot is a cloud-based artificial intelligence tool developed by GitHub and OpenAI


Instruction: Tell me which of these are science fiction movies and which are fantasy: Lord of the Rings, Star Trek, Princess Mononoke, the Wheel of Time, District 9

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Tell me which of these are science fiction movies and which are fantasy: Lord of the Rings, Star Trek, Princess Mononoke, the Wheel of Time, District 9

### Response:

Output: From your list, the science fiction movies are Star Trek and District 9. The Fantasy movies are Lord of the Rings, Princess Mononoke, and the Wheel of Time.


Instruction: Does a difference in prediction outcomes between two ethnic/gender groups from a credit scoring algorithm constitute a bias in the data collection process or the algorithm itself?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Does a difference in prediction outcomes between two ethnic/gender groups from a credit scoring algorithm constitute a bias in the data collection process or the algorithm itself?

### Response:

Output:
I argue that differences in outcomes of credit scoring constitute both a data issue and an algorithmic bias. Let’s first examine the bias in the dataset. I think of the model itself as a black box that generates outputs to fulfill certain objectives – in the case of credit scoring, the objective is the accuracy, recall, and precision of default risk predictions. The model at its untrained version does not discriminate against foreign workers, women, or young people: in fact, it does not conceive of these (socially constructed) labels the way humans do. Yet, the dataset that the model is trained on is fraught with socially constructed biases. For example, social norms cast women as incapable, foreign workers as untrustworthy, and young people as inexperienced, leading to higher unemployment rate and worse living conditions for these groups. Their resulting higher historical default likelihood stems less likely from the demographics-related differences in capability than from the vicious cycles generated by social stereotypes. Stereotypes render datasets biased, which in turns bias the algorithms: given the goal to maximize prediction accuracy, the model learns the “patterns” in the dataset and absorbs the socially constructed differences as a part of its prediction algorithm. Can we blame the algorithm? – After all, the model is constrained to the “history” and has no imaginative capacity for the potential of the historically discriminated groups. Essentially we have a “garbage in, garbage out” scenario caused by the historical and representation biases in the data inputs.

On the other hand, I argue that the outcome differences still constitute an algorithmic bias. I believe that we could still “blame” the model for the objectives and constraints that it has to fulfill (even though we humans lay them down in the first place). As illustrated above, with accuracy as the evaluation metric, the entire prediction/forecast algorithm built on historical datasets is meant to repeat the history without looking for potential or discerning social norms. Does the objective of maximizing accuracy constitute a bias itself? – If we can discern the vicious cycle that is both created by and reifying the socially crafted myths (weak women, reckless youth, and xenophobia), a model that actively learns and propagates certain kinds of societal stereotype should certainly be called out for its bias! However, we hard-wire the models to optimize those goals, and to address the inherent bias in the metrics, we humans are responsible for modifying the objectives and adding appropriate constraints. For example, in the programming assignment we encounter the mitigation technique that rejects predictions within a certain decision boundary. Besides techniques like active rejection, can we add constraints such as promoting the growth of underprivileged groups as an objective? Without these constraints, I would say the outcome differences also constitute an algorithmic bias in the part of objective specification.


Instruction: What did Special Agent Fox Mulder study when he was in university?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What did Special Agent Fox Mulder study when he was in university?

### Response:

Output: Fox Mulder, a main character on the TV show "The X-Files," studied at Oxford University and majored in psychology.


Instruction: Why do gas prices go high in winter

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Why do gas prices go high in winter

### Response:

Output: Prices in a market economy are driven by Supply and demand. Gas prices typically increase in a market economy in a winter because of increase in demand. Demand increases because people use gas to warm homes and cold weather further increases demand for gas. All this increase in demand means gas prices increase. It is not required that gas prices always increase.


Instruction: Why democracy doesn't works and in old times we had autocracy?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Why democracy doesn't works and in old times we had autocracy?

### Response:

Output:
Corruption, polarization, and misinformation all have the potential to easily influence democracy, which is a complicated system with many moving parts. It additionally will in general be sluggish and wasteful because of the requirement for agreement building and split the difference among various groups.

On the other hand, because there is no need to engage in a prolonged decision-making process or accommodate divergent viewpoints, autocracy can be more effective and decisive in implementing policies. Singapore, where the government has been able to achieve rapid economic growth and development through strong and centralized leadership, is a good case for autocracy. The nation has an exclusive expectation of living, low degrees of wrongdoing, and a well-working public framework.


Instruction: Which NBA team has won the most championships?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Which NBA team has won the most championships?

### Input:
As of 2022, the Eastern Conference/Division led the Western Conference/Division 40–36 in championships won.[15] As of 2022, the Boston Celtics and the Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers have won a combined total of 34 NBA championships (with 17 apiece).[16] As of 2022, the defending champions are the Golden State Warriors.

### Response:

Input: As of 2022, the Eastern Conference/Division led the Western Conference/Division 40–36 in championships won.[15] As of 2022, the Boston Celtics and the Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers have won a combined total of 34 NBA championships (with 17 apiece).[16] As of 2022, the defending champions are the Golden State Warriors.

Output: As of 2022, the Boston Celtics and the Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers have won a combined total of 34 NBA championships (with 17 apiece).


Instruction: Can you write me a haiku to boost my spirits today?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Can you write me a haiku to boost my spirits today?

### Response:

Output:
Sunlight streaming through,
Lightning in the sky,
My spirits lift.


Instruction: Tell me which of these is a Country, a City, a River, or a Mountain: New York, Nile, Amazon, Kilimanjaro, USA, Spain, Italy, Rome, Prague, Zurich, France, San Francisco, K2, Buenos Aires, Brazil, Mount Everest, London, Mekong

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Tell me which of these is a Country, a City, a River, or a Mountain: New York, Nile, Amazon, Kilimanjaro, USA, Spain, Italy, Rome, Prague, Zurich, France, San Francisco, K2, Buenos Aires, Brazil, Mount Everest, London, Mekong

### Response:

Output:
New York - City
Nile - River
Amazon - River
Kilimanjaro - Mountain
USA - Country
Spain - Country
Italy - Country
Rome - City
Prague - City
Zurich - City
France - Country
San Francisco - City
K2 - Mountain
Buenos Aires - City
Brazil - Country
Mount Everest - Mountain
London - City
Mekong - River


Instruction: What are the first and third eras of aircraft history mentioned in the text below and when did they end? Use a bullet list and the format {Name} ({Year}).

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What are the first and third eras of aircraft history mentioned in the text below and when did they end? Use a bullet list and the format {Name} ({Year}).

### Input:
Flying model craft and stories of manned flight go back many centuries; however, the first manned ascent — and safe descent — in modern times took place by larger hot-air balloons developed in the 18th century. Each of the two World Wars led to great technical advances. Consequently, the history of aircraft can be divided into five eras:

- Pioneers of flight, from the earliest experiments to 1914.
- First World War, 1914 to 1918.
- Aviation between the World Wars, 1918 to 1939.
- Second World War, 1939 to 1945.
- Postwar era, also called the Jet Age, 1945 to the present day.

### Response:

Input:
Flying model craft and stories of manned flight go back many centuries; however, the first manned ascent — and safe descent — in modern times took place by larger hot-air balloons developed in the 18th century. Each of the two World Wars led to great technical advances. Consequently, the history of aircraft can be divided into five eras:

- Pioneers of flight, from the earliest experiments to 1914.
- First World War, 1914 to 1918.
- Aviation between the World Wars, 1918 to 1939.
- Second World War, 1939 to 1945.
- Postwar era, also called the Jet Age, 1945 to the present day.

Output:
- Pioneers of flight (1914)
- Aviation between the World Wars (1939)


Instruction: Does using microwave oven cause cancer?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Does using microwave oven cause cancer?

### Response:

Output: No, it is a myth with no scientific validation to this hypothesis. Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation which only heats the water molecules inside your food. As the water heats up the food heats up. Microwave ovens has been in use safely for more than 70 years


Instruction: Classify the following colors as primary or not primary: Red, blue, violet, white, black, green, yellow, orange

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Classify the following colors as primary or not primary: Red, blue, violet, white, black, green, yellow, orange

### Response:

Output: The primary colors are red, blue and green. The non-primary colors are violet, white, black, yellow and orange.


Instruction: Who was Yoshikazu Shirakawa?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Who was Yoshikazu Shirakawa?

### Input:
Yoshikazu Shirakawa was a Japanese photographer. He is particularly well known for his book Himalayas, published by Harry N. Abrams in 1971.

### Response:

Input: Yoshikazu Shirakawa was a Japanese photographer. He is particularly well known for his book Himalayas, published by Harry N. Abrams in 1971.

Output: Yoshikazu Shirakawa was a Japanese photographer. He is particularly well known for his book Himalayas, published by Harry N. Abrams in 1971. He also wrote The Alps, translated by Max A. Wyss.


Instruction: Based on this paragraph about Massimo Bray, what language do you think he writes in?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Based on this paragraph about Massimo Bray, what language do you think he writes in?

### Input:
Massimo Bray is an academic publisher and a magazine editor.[4] He was on the editorial board of the Italian Institute of Human Sciences until 1994.[2] He is the cofounder of Notte della Taranta, which is among the most popular music festivals in Europe.[3] He launched a blog on the Italian-language version of the Huffington Post.[4]

### Response:

Input: Massimo Bray is an academic publisher and a magazine editor.[4] He was on the editorial board of the Italian Institute of Human Sciences until 1994.[2] He is the cofounder of Notte della Taranta, which is among the most popular music festivals in Europe.[3] He launched a blog on the Italian-language version of the Huffington Post.[4]

Output: Massimo Bray likely writes in Italian.


Instruction: What state is known as the Lone Star State?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What state is known as the Lone Star State?

### Response:

Output: Texas.


Instruction: Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Chicken, Mandarin duck, Egyptian goose

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Chicken, Mandarin duck, Egyptian goose

### Response:

Output: Chicken is domesticated, Mandarin duck and Egyptian goose are wild


Instruction: What is the best hand in Texas Hold'em poker?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is the best hand in Texas Hold'em poker?

### Response:

Output: The best hand in Texas Hold'em poker is a royal flush. A royal flush is a hand that consists of the following cards all in the same suit: 10, jack, queen, king, ace.


Instruction: Tell me if the following foods would be safe or unsafe for someone with a nut allergy to eat? Peanut butter, eggs, apples, pb&j, carrots, pad thai

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Tell me if the following foods would be safe or unsafe for someone with a nut allergy to eat? Peanut butter, eggs, apples, pb&j, carrots, pad thai

### Response:

Output: Peanut butter: unsafe, eggs: safe, apples: safe, pb&j: unsafe, carrots: safe, pad thai: unsafe


Instruction: Who is the founder of SpaceX?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Who is the founder of SpaceX?

### Response:

Output: SpaceX, also known as Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, was founded by Elon Musk in 2003 in Segundo California.


Instruction: Who is the all time leading goal scorer for Manchester United?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Who is the all time leading goal scorer for Manchester United?

### Response:

Output: The all time leading goal scorer for Manchester United is Wayne Rooney.


Instruction: where is India

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
where is India

### Input:
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bhārat Gaṇarājya),[25] is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area and the second-most populous country.

### Response:

Input: India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bhārat Gaṇarājya),[25] is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area and the second-most populous country.

Output: India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bhārat Gaṇarājya),[25] is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area and the second-most populous country. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;[h] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia.


Instruction: What is Categorization and Sentiment Analysis

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is Categorization and Sentiment Analysis

### Response:

Output: Categorization and Sentiment Analysis is typically referred in the Customer Experience space where customer interaction data is analyzed to get insights into categories of topics and sentiment associated with those interactions. Some of the use cases that benefit from these insights include Customer Representative/Agent Performance and Training, Workload Management, Product Performance et al


Instruction: When playing golf, categorize each of the following items as "useful" or "useless": Irons, putter, dumbbell, tees, skis, range finder, jeans, kayak.

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
When playing golf, categorize each of the following items as "useful" or "useless": Irons, putter, dumbbell, tees, skis, range finder, jeans, kayak.

### Response:

Output:
Irons: Useful
Putter: Useful
Dumbbell: Useless
Tees: Useful
Skis: Useless
Range Finder: Useful
Jeans: Useless
Kayak: Useless


Instruction: The Global Climate Emergency report is based on scientific analysis of more than how many years?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
The Global Climate Emergency report is based on scientific analysis of more than how many years?

### Response:

Output: 40 years and the report is call "world scientists" submitted by a group of 11258 scientists


Instruction: What is the difference between pork roll and taylor ham

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is the difference between pork roll and taylor ham

### Response:

Output: Pork roll and taylor ham are both a processed breakfast meat popular primarily in New Jersey. The primary difference between the two is the geographic location of the person talking about it. They are the same meat, but people from Northern New Jersey call it Taylor Ham. If a person is from Southern or Central New Jersey they will call it Pork roll. Either way it is the same breakfast meat


Instruction: What is Unanimous?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is Unanimous?

### Input:
Unanimous is a United Kingdom-based game show broadcast on Channel 4 from 27 October 2006 to 15 December 2006. It was based on an American game show titled Unan1mous.

### Response:

Input: Unanimous is a United Kingdom-based game show broadcast on Channel 4 from 27 October 2006 to 15 December 2006. It was based on an American game show titled Unan1mous.

Output:
Unanimous is a United Kingdom-based game show broadcast on Channel 4 from 27 October 2006 to 15 December 2006. It was based on an American game show titled Unan1mous.

Unanimous: The Fallout, was shown on E4 later at night after Unanimous. It was hosted by comedians Paddy McGuinness and Olivia Lee and featured regular guest Karl Daly, played by Tom Bennett.

The 'Host' of the show was Alex Humes. Although fairly unknown, Humes starred in the reality TV programme Space Cadets, also for Channel 4, where he played one of the Russian pilots. The voice-over for the programme was provided by Phil Gallagher.


Instruction: Which tastes better, red or green grapes?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Which tastes better, red or green grapes?

### Response:

Output: Taste. The infamous grocery store dispute often stems from the taste. The superior grape stems from personal preference. Red grapes are often considered sweeter whereas green grapes are sourer


Instruction: Samuel Tilden, Grover Cleveland, Al Gore, and Hillary Clinton share what distinction among U.S. presidential candidates?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Samuel Tilden, Grover Cleveland, Al Gore, and Hillary Clinton share what distinction among U.S. presidential candidates?

### Response:

Output: They won the popular vote but lost the electoral college vote


Instruction: What is a snook?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is a snook?

### Response:

Output: A snook is an inshore fish species.  They cannot be commercially fished.  If you want to eat a snook, you will need to catch it yourself.  Snook catch limits are highly regulated by Florida fish and wildlife.


Instruction: Add additional details about what chess is

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Add additional details about what chess is

### Input:
Isidore Censer was a Belgian chess player.

### Response:

Input: Isidore Censer was a Belgian chess player.

Output: Isidore Censer was a Belgian chess player.  Chess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of chess pieces in their color, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king.


Instruction: Is 95 degrees Fahrenheit considered to be hot weather?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Is 95 degrees Fahrenheit considered to be hot weather?

### Response:

Output: Yes, 95 degrees would typically be considered to be hot


Instruction: Why do kids have to take tests in school?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Why do kids have to take tests in school?

### Response:

Output: Children and adolescents take tests in school because it is a good way to measure their current knowledge.  These students study certain topics and testing is a way to measure how much knowledge is retained.  Tests are also ways to motivate students to try harder because tests are typically graded with a letter grade.  A is associated with a perfect score, F is considered failing, and a C is considered average.  These grades can act as motivators for students and create a friendly competition in schools and other  external study programs to see who can do the best.


Instruction: what language is spoken in Brazil?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
what language is spoken in Brazil?

### Response:

Output: Portuguese is the official and national language of Brazil[5] being widely spoken by most of the population. Brazil is the most populous Portuguese-speaking country in the world, with its lands comprising the majority of Portugal’s former colonial holdings in the Americas.


Instruction: Where do eggs come from?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Where do eggs come from?

### Response:

Output: Eggs come from female chicken in their reproductive track.  Humans eat these eggs as a source of protein in meals.  Eggs are normally eaten the most at breakfast time but they are also used in many desserts like cakes and cookies.  Chickens can lay eggs every 26 - 24 hours.  This process can also be speed up by giving female chicken more calcium, more room to roam, reduced stress environment, and free flowing water.


Instruction: Who is Anatoly Kubatsky?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Who is Anatoly Kubatsky?

### Input:
Anatoly Lvovich Kubatsky (Russian: Анато́лий Льво́вич Куба́цкий) (1 November 1908 – 29 December 2001) was a Soviet stage and film actor.

### Response:

Input: Anatoly Lvovich Kubatsky (Russian: Анато́лий Льво́вич Куба́цкий) (1 November 1908 – 29 December 2001) was a Soviet stage and film actor.

Output: Kubatsky was born in Moscow to parents of Polish ancestry.[1] After studying under Yuri Zavadsky, he found acting work in various theaters throughout Moscow. From 1931 to 1942 he was an actor for Union Radio; from 1942 to 1957 he worked at the Mayakovsky Theatre; from 1957 to 1959 he worked at the Film Actors' Theater; from 1959 to 1973 he worked at the Gorky Theater.


Instruction: How long should a child's carseat remain rear facing?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
How long should a child's carseat remain rear facing?

### Response:

Output: Extended rear facing until the child reaches the maximum height or weight limits of the carseat is the safest option. When a child is sitting forward facing in a frontal collision a large amount of force is exerted onto the head, neck and shoulders leading to serious injury like paralysis or death. If the child is sitting rear facing during a collision, the force is spread over a greater area of the body with less pressure on the neck, head, and inner organs. Children should sit rear facing as long as possible, in case of collision it reduces the risk of serious injury or death by more than 90%. You should consult your car seat's manual to determine the maximum height and weight restrictions.


Instruction: Tell me whether these are alcoholic or non alcoholic drinks: sprite, mojito, beer, orange juice, water, manhattan, cranberry juice, milk

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Tell me whether these are alcoholic or non alcoholic drinks: sprite, mojito, beer, orange juice, water, manhattan, cranberry juice, milk

### Response:

Output:
Sprite is a non alcoholic soft drink.
Mojitos are alcoholic cocktails that typically contain rum, lime juice, simple syrup, and fresh mint.
Beer is an alcoholic beverage,
Orange juice is a non alcoholic drink.
Water is a non alcoholic beverage.
A manhattan is a an alcoholic cocktail that typically contains whiskey, vermouth, bitters and a brandied cherry for garnish.
Cranberry juice is a non alcoholic drink.
Milk is a non alcoholic drink.


Instruction: Who is Elizabeth Warren?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Who is Elizabeth Warren?

### Input:
Elizabeth Ann Warren (née Herring; born June 22, 1949) is an American politician and former law professor who is the senior United States senator from Massachusetts, serving since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party and regarded as a progressive,[2] Warren has focused on consumer protection, equitable economic opportunity, and the social safety net while in the Senate. Warren was a candidate in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, ultimately finishing third.

### Response:

Input: Elizabeth Ann Warren (née Herring; born June 22, 1949) is an American politician and former law professor who is the senior United States senator from Massachusetts, serving since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party and regarded as a progressive,[2] Warren has focused on consumer protection, equitable economic opportunity, and the social safety net while in the Senate. Warren was a candidate in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, ultimately finishing third.

Output:
Elizabeth Ann Warren (née Herring; born June 22, 1949) is an American politician and former law professor who is the senior United States senator from Massachusetts, serving since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party and regarded as a progressive,[2] Warren has focused on consumer protection, equitable economic opportunity, and the social safety net while in the Senate. Warren was a candidate in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, ultimately finishing third.

Born and raised in Oklahoma, Warren is a graduate of the University of Houston and Rutgers Law School and has taught law at several universities, including the University of Houston, the University of Texas at Austin, the University of Pennsylvania, and Harvard University. She was one of the most influential professors in commercial and bankruptcy law before beginning her political career. Warren has written 12 books and more than 100 articles.[3][4][5]

Warren's first foray into public policy began in 1995, when she worked to oppose what eventually became a 2005 act restricting bankruptcy access for individuals.[6][7] During the late 2000s, her national profile grew after her forceful public stances in favor of more stringent banking regulations after the financial crisis of 2007–08. She served as chair of the Congressional Oversight Panel of the Troubled Asset Relief Program, and proposed and established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, for which she served as the first special advisor under President Barack Obama.[8]

In 2012, Warren defeated incumbent Republican Scott Brown and became the first female U.S. senator from Massachusetts.[9] She won re-election by a wide margin in 2018, defeating Republican nominee Geoff Diehl.[10] On February 9, 2019, Warren announced her candidacy in the 2020 United States presidential election.[11] She was briefly considered the front-runner for the Democratic nomination in late 2019, but support for her campaign dwindled. She withdrew from the race on March 5, 2020, after Super Tuesday.[12]


Instruction: Give me a list of the stations on the Island Line of Hong Kong's MTR network

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Give me a list of the stations on the Island Line of Hong Kong's MTR network

### Response:

Output:
- Kennedy Town
- HKU
- Sai Ying Pun
- Sheung Wan
- Central
- Admiralty
- Wan Chai
- Causeway Bay
- Tin Hau
- Fortress Hill
- North Point
- Quarry Bay
- Tai Koo
- Sai Wan Ho
- Shau Kei Wan
- Heng Fa Chuen
- Chai Wan


Instruction: Give me a list of pizza restaurants in San Francisco

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Give me a list of pizza restaurants in San Francisco

### Response:

Output:
There are a lot of different types of pizza restaurants in San Francisco. For more casual pizza restaurants, try any Round Table, Dominos, Pizza Hut, or for a more local experience, Golden Boy Pizza.

If you're interested in sit down dining pizza options, try Del Popolo, Tony's Slice House, or Il Casaro in North Beach.


Instruction: What is the Carolina Hall

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is the Carolina Hall

### Input:
Carolina Hall, formerly known as Saunders Hall, is a building on the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill campus in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, in the United States. Carolina Hall was built in 1922 and named for William L. Saunders, an alumnus and a colonel in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The name was changed to "Carolina Hall" in 2015.

### Response:

Input: Carolina Hall, formerly known as Saunders Hall, is a building on the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill campus in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, in the United States. Carolina Hall was built in 1922 and named for William L. Saunders, an alumnus and a colonel in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The name was changed to "Carolina Hall" in 2015.

Output: The Carolina Hall, formerly known as Saunders Hall, is a building on the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill campus in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, in the United States. Carolina Hall was built in 1922 and named for William L. Saunders, an alumnus and a colonel in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The name was changed to "Carolina Hall" in 2015.


Instruction: What is the difference between a rose and a sunflower?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is the difference between a rose and a sunflower?

### Response:

Output: Both a rose and a sunflower are types of flowers but a rose may have thorns and it’s petals are typically red, pink or white. A sunflower is a tall plant that is often yellow, does not have thorns, and has a large number of seeds that are edible for humans.


Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of the last ten U.S. Open Golf Champions

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Give me a bulleted list of the last ten U.S. Open Golf Champions

### Response:

Output:
Here is a bulleted list of the past ten U.S. Open Golf Champions

Winners:
- Matt Fitzpatrick
- Jon Rahm
- Bryson DeChambeau
- Gary Woodland
- Brooks Koepka
- Brooks Koepka
- Dustin Johnson
- Jordan Spieth
- Martin Kaymer
- Justin Rose
- Webb Simpson
- Rory McIlroy


Instruction: What is a headlamp?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is a headlamp?

### Response:

Output: A headlamp is a light that attaches to a person’s head, usually with a headband and shines light ahead of the person wearing it. Headlamps are usually powered by batteries.


Instruction: What is ECharts Java?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is ECharts Java?

### Input:
ECharts Java is a lightweight but comprehensive library for Java developers to easily use JavaScript visualization library Apache ECharts. The simple chart mode facilitates users to write visualization fast and easily, empowered by the clean APIs provided by ECharts Java. The advanced mode helps create an Option object and its Json representation in chainable Java codes, which includes almost all the features defined in Apache ECharts. Now ECharts Java supports Apache ECharts version 5.x.

Features

- Simple, clean and organized APIs, supporting method chaining
- Full coverage of Apache ECharts functionalities
- Easily integrate with Web Frameworks
- Flexible export format, including HTML and images
- Complete and detailed documentation and examples

### Response:

Input:
ECharts Java is a lightweight but comprehensive library for Java developers to easily use JavaScript visualization library Apache ECharts. The simple chart mode facilitates users to write visualization fast and easily, empowered by the clean APIs provided by ECharts Java. The advanced mode helps create an Option object and its Json representation in chainable Java codes, which includes almost all the features defined in Apache ECharts. Now ECharts Java supports Apache ECharts version 5.x.

Features

- Simple, clean and organized APIs, supporting method chaining
- Full coverage of Apache ECharts functionalities
- Easily integrate with Web Frameworks
- Flexible export format, including HTML and images
- Complete and detailed documentation and examples

Output:
ECharts Java is a lightweight, comprehensive library for Java developers to easily integrate JavaScript visualization library Apache ECharts into their web frameworks. The simple and clean APIs facilitate users to develop visualization components fast and easily. For complex and advanced usage, it allows developers to create an Option object and its Json representation. It is compatible with Apache ECharts version 5.x and provides almost full coverage of Apache ECharts functionalities.

Here are some highlights of ECharts Java:

- Simple, clean, organized APIs with method chaining
- Full coverage of Apache ECharts functionalities
- Easily integrate with Web Frameworks
- Flexible export format, including HTML and images
- Complete and detailed documentation and examples


Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of the seven most recent Chancellors of Federal Republic of Germany

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Give me a bulleted list of the seven most recent Chancellors of Federal Republic of Germany

### Response:

Output:
1. Olaf Scholz (Current)
2. Angela Merkel
3. Gerhard Schroeder
4. Helmut Kohl
5. Helmut Schmidt
6. Willy Brandt
7. Kurt Georg Kiesinger


Instruction: Who opens episodes of The FBI Files with an introductory narration?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Who opens episodes of The FBI Files with an introductory narration?

### Response:

Output: James Kallstrom, former head of the FBI New York office.


Instruction: When was the internet created?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
When was the internet created?

### Response:

Output: The birthday of the internet is January 1, 1983.  This is an important day because it gave computers and computer networks for the first time in history a way to communicate with each other.  Prior to this networks were on closed loops.  On this this day a new internet protocol was also created called TCP/IP.  This stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.


Instruction: Give me a list of 5 key challenges faced by users moving from a Windows laptop to a Macbook

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Give me a list of 5 key challenges faced by users moving from a Windows laptop to a Macbook

### Response:

Output:
1. Incompatibility between MS office documents and MacOS native applications like pages and numbers
2. Inability to copy content on and off of the laptop easily
3. Learning the differences between the windows keyboard and the macbook keyboard commands to do simple tasks - like right click or taking a screenshot
4. The change in process to deploy software.
5. Navigating the difference between the layout and structure of WIndows explorer vs Macbook finder


Instruction: How many countries do the Netherlands share a land border with?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
How many countries do the Netherlands share a land border with?

### Response:

Output: The Netherlands shares a land border with four countries: Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands Antilles.


Instruction: What is Freezing Rain?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is Freezing Rain?

### Response:

Output: Freezing rain occurs when snowflakes descend into a warmer layer of air and melt completely. When these liquid water drops fall through another thin layer of freezing air just above the surface, they don't have enough time to refreeze before reaching the ground. Because they are “supercooled,” they instantly refreeze upon contact with anything that that is at or below freezing (32 degrees F), creating a glaze of ice on the ground, trees, power lines, or other objects. Even light accumulations can cause dangerous travel, while heavier amounts can cause significant damage to trees and power lines.  A significant accumulation of freezing rain lasting several hours or more is called an ice storm.


Instruction: When I ski, at the end of the turn, I'm not able to get good grip at the end of the turn and the tail washout, why does this happen?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
When I ski, at the end of the turn, I'm not able to get good grip at the end of the turn and the tail washout, why does this happen?

### Response:

Output:
There are several factors that can contribute to ski not having grip at the end of the turn and the tails washout.

First thing is to make sure your ski edges are sharp, if they are not sharp, you can visit your local ski shop and have the ski shop tune your ski edges.

Once you've made sure your ski edges are sharp, then this might be caused by either incorrect fore-aft balance and/or lateral balance.

If you are too forward at the end of the turn, meaning you feel more pressure on the ball of your foot, then that will cause the tail of the skis to not be able to bite into the snow and cause it to skid out. At the end of the turn, you want to bring your feet forward and aim to have at least half of the pressure just in front of the heel of the foot, this will allow the edge along the tail of the ski to bite into the snow.

If you have too much pressure on the uphill foot, for example, you are leaning up the hill or transferred your weight too early onto the new downhill foot, that can also cause your current downhill foot to not get enough grip and washout. Try have majority of your weight on your downhill foot until the turn is finished before transferring majority of the weight to the new downhill foot.

It will also be helpful to find a good ski instructor at your local resort or online to look at your skiing and provide feedback.


Instruction: Given this paragraph about a Tree well, why is it so dangerous for hikers, snowboarder, skiers and any snow practitioners

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Given this paragraph about a Tree well, why is it so dangerous for hikers, snowboarder, skiers and any snow practitioners

### Input:
A tree well, also known as a spruce trap, is the space around a tree under its branches that does not get the same amount of snow as the surrounding open space. This creates a void or area of loose snow below the branches and around the trunk that is dangerous to any hikers, snowshoers, skiers, snowboarders, and snowmobilers who fall into them. If someone lands in such a well, often as a result of a fall, it can be too deep for them to climb up the surrounding loose snow before they are buried. Making the situation more dangerous, they often fall into the well head-first and as the result of an accident which could leave them injured or unconscious

### Response:

Input: A tree well, also known as a spruce trap, is the space around a tree under its branches that does not get the same amount of snow as the surrounding open space. This creates a void or area of loose snow below the branches and around the trunk that is dangerous to any hikers, snowshoers, skiers, snowboarders, and snowmobilers who fall into them. If someone lands in such a well, often as a result of a fall, it can be too deep for them to climb up the surrounding loose snow before they are buried. Making the situation more dangerous, they often fall into the well head-first and as the result of an accident which could leave them injured or unconscious

Output: It is dangerous because it creates an area of loose snow below the branches and around the trunk, and when someone will fall into this area it can be too deep for this person to climb up before they are buried. Another dangerous aspect is the fact that they could fall head-first which could leave them injured or unconscious.


Instruction: What's the difference between a wolf and a dog?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What's the difference between a wolf and a dog?

### Response:

Output: A dog is a domesticated pet, while a wolf is a wild animal. They both are part of the same species, and share a lot of physical similarities, but at the same time display very different behaviour.


Instruction: How many strings are on a guitar?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
How many strings are on a guitar?

### Response:

Output: Standard guitars contain 6 strings: (high) E, B, G, D, A, and (low) E are the notes associated with the 6 strings.


Instruction: How do I get rid of mosquitos in my house?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
How do I get rid of mosquitos in my house?

### Response:

Output: You can get rid of mosquitos in your house by keeping doors closed first and foremost.  If mosquitos are already inside your house you can get a mosquito zapper from a local hardware store and put it in the part of your house that has the most mosquitos.  Some areas to consider for mosquitos would be the parts of the house where people spend the most time like the kitchen of where they sleep.  Using the bug zapper during the day is not recommended because mosquitos will find it hard to see the light.  Using it during the night makes the most sense because they will be more attracted to the light.


Instruction: Classify these as things you would want to wear for a rainy day or a very hot day: umbrella, ball cap, rain jacket, t-shirt, sunglasses, rain boots, flip-flops

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Classify these as things you would want to wear for a rainy day or a very hot day: umbrella, ball cap, rain jacket, t-shirt, sunglasses, rain boots, flip-flops

### Response:

Output: umbrella: rain, ball cap: hot day, rain jacket: rainy day, t-shirt: hot day, sunglasses: hot day, rain boots: rainy day, flip-flops: hot day


Instruction: When did Confinity become eBay ?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
When did Confinity become eBay ?

### Input:
Originally, PayPal was a money-transfer service offered by a company called Confinity which was acquired by X.com in 1999. Later, X.com was renamed PayPal and purchased by eBay in 2002. The original PayPal employees had difficulty adjusting to eBay's more traditional corporate culture and within four years all but 12 of the first 50 employees had left. They remained connected as social and business acquaintances, and a number of them worked together to form new companies and venture firms in subsequent years. This group of PayPal alumni became so prolific that the term PayPal Mafia was coined. The term gained even wider exposure when a 2007 article in Fortune magazine used the phrase in its headline and featured a photo of former PayPal employees in gangster attire.

### Response:

Input: Originally, PayPal was a money-transfer service offered by a company called Confinity which was acquired by X.com in 1999. Later, X.com was renamed PayPal and purchased by eBay in 2002. The original PayPal employees had difficulty adjusting to eBay's more traditional corporate culture and within four years all but 12 of the first 50 employees had left. They remained connected as social and business acquaintances, and a number of them worked together to form new companies and venture firms in subsequent years. This group of PayPal alumni became so prolific that the term PayPal Mafia was coined. The term gained even wider exposure when a 2007 article in Fortune magazine used the phrase in its headline and featured a photo of former PayPal employees in gangster attire.

Output: Confinity was acquired by X.com in 1999 which was later renamed to PayPal. PayPal was acquired by eBay in 2002.


Instruction: What is Google Sheets and how does it compatible with Microsoft Excel?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is Google Sheets and how does it compatible with Microsoft Excel?

### Input:
Google Sheets is a spreadsheet program included as part of the free, web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google. Google Sheets is available as a web application, mobile app for: Android, iOS, Microsoft Windows, BlackBerry OS and as a desktop application on Google's ChromeOS. The app is compatible with Microsoft Excel file formats. The app allows users to create and edit files online while collaborating with other users in real-time. Edits are tracked by a user with a revision history presenting changes. An editor's position is highlighted with an editor-specific color and cursor and a permissions system regulates what users can do. Updates have introduced features using machine learning, including "Explore", offering answers based on natural language questions in a spreadsheet. This is one of the services provided by Google that also includes Google Docs, Google Slides, Google Drawings, Google Forms, Google Sites and Google Keep.

### Response:

Input: Google Sheets is a spreadsheet program included as part of the free, web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google. Google Sheets is available as a web application, mobile app for: Android, iOS, Microsoft Windows, BlackBerry OS and as a desktop application on Google's ChromeOS. The app is compatible with Microsoft Excel file formats. The app allows users to create and edit files online while collaborating with other users in real-time. Edits are tracked by a user with a revision history presenting changes. An editor's position is highlighted with an editor-specific color and cursor and a permissions system regulates what users can do. Updates have introduced features using machine learning, including "Explore", offering answers based on natural language questions in a spreadsheet. This is one of the services provided by Google that also includes Google Docs, Google Slides, Google Drawings, Google Forms, Google Sites and Google Keep.

Output: Google Sheets is a spreadsheet program included as part of the free, web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google and is compatible with Microsoft Excel file formats (e.g., .XLS, .XLSX, .CSV, etc., . . .).


Instruction: Explain how "work from home" has an opportunity cost. Provide anecdotes to support your points.

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Explain how "work from home" has an opportunity cost. Provide anecdotes to support your points.

### Response:

Output:
These days, it is “cool” to be a techie. Jobs come with perks, including nap rooms and free gourmet lunches. Celebrity entrepreneurs, like Mark Cuban, talk about how they are learning to write code. Back in the late 1990s when I started getting paid to write code, this was not the case. I often found myself in windowless rooms, basements or chilly server rooms wrangling data or writing code. However, from early on in my career, my managers ensured that I was exposed to the real action: where the business value-add activities took place. I walked factory floors at Prestolite in Ann Arbor to see how the ERP system for which I was contributing programming code played a part in the convergence of IT with humans working with machines and parts to produce finished products. When I worked for Richard Helppie’s Superior Consultant Holdings Corporation, while between programming assignments, I shadowed an industrial engineer who was helping to redesign an Emergency Department’s (ED) physical layout; we watched the flow of doctors, patients and nurses. We asked questions like: “why are the doctors not using the stations intended for note-taking and instead are walking down two hallways to take their notes in empty offices?”; it turned out that the note-taking station in the heart of the ED was a place where doctors were exposed to all sorts of noise and other distractions.

Being a good programmer had a lot to do with understanding software architecture, APIs, etc… But being a better programmer meant understanding the world in which the software was actually put into practice.

Ford Motor Company’s F-150 has been America’s best selling truck for 46 consecutive years. Looking at the finished product with your eyes barely conveys the awesome complexity of the supply chain involved in bringing it to life. To get a better sense of the convergence of the F-150’s supply chain into its finished product, you can take a stroll on the catwalk that hovers above the assembly line as part of the Ford Rouge Factory Tour. The public can tour the plant and walk above a large portion of the assembly process. You can see Kanban in action as workers pull components from bins and perform their specialized task in a step of the ever-rolling line, while overhead displays help orchestrate replenishment. You can get a sense of the optimized flows of humans, robots and parts. And, maybe, if you look closely, you’ll spot opportunities for improvements in the process, in the safety measures, or in areas where automation has not yet taken hold. Consider whether or not you would see such opportunities by looking at charts and graphs…

Alan Mulally was figuratively and literally a gymnast (at least during his time at the University of Kansas). After taking over the reins as CEO of Ford in 2006, he famously transformed a culture with deep-rooted divisional fiefdoms that hindered communication, reporting, efficiency and agility into a new era of quality, efficiency and innovation. A disciplined engineer by training, he did not solely rely on charts, facts and figures to drive organizational change. He used his eyes and made sure that the leaders saw the firm’s operations in a certain, methodical way. For instance, he built trust through transparency by using simple visual tools (like color-coding for status).

Once Mulally brought divisional leaders together to a conference room to look at a pile of hood prop rods for the various cars and trucks that Ford manufactures. The prop rods all looked different. They were from different suppliers, made of different materials, had a variety of costs, and had different internal staff dedicated to their role in the supply chain and assembly. He did not send a spreadsheet in an email to make his point. He had the leadership team look at the rods on the table and aimed for them to understand that “this kind of variation is costly but doesn’t matter to consumers.”

Mulally performed organizational and operational gymnastics, starting with a junk-rated company, and ending up being called “The Savior of Ford”. Mulally understood the power of seeing and of showing.

In the 1970s, Japan rocked the automotive world by mass producing high-quality, fuel-efficient vehicles at highly competitive prices. The Toyota way eventually swept across the industry, and a new jargon (and mindset) made its way to Detroit, with terms like Kaizen, Kanban, and Genchi Genbutsu. The Gemba Walk made its way into automotive manufacturing and other industries, such as Overhead Door and at the COVID-19 vaccination center at Mount Morningside Hospital in New York City. “The literal translation for Gemba (現場) is ‘the real place’ and in business it refers to the real place where value is created, such as the factory floor.” These tools are not a magic bullet; a Harvard Business Review study found that MBWA (“management by walking around”) decreased performance, on average, in a hospital setting.

I used aspects of the Gemba Walk to help design a software system for lab technicians at a major national laboratory. When the CDC needed help to track the variants of the SARS-Cov-2 (“Coronavirus”) across the USA, I helped build a system that enabled lab technicians to efficiently select and route the appropriate samples for the genetic sequencing process, a step that comes after the COVID PCR test. I went to the lab, watched the technicians, observed the physical flow of humans and materials in the lab and talked with the people involved in the process. I was able to see (and measure) aspects of the process that I was tasked with automating. I made observations that I never could have made through video calls or emails.

Software practitioners (developers, designers, architects, UX engineers and product owners) are continuously building and refining systems for robotics, assembly lines, labs, logistics, warehouses, shipyards, and other industries. “Agile” software development is a common methodology (and has some roots that are tied to Toyota-inspired manufacturing practices). Agile facilitates frequent, structured communication, but the product owner often serves as a proxy for the actual business stakeholders. He or she may communicate with slides, diagrams and customer “user stories”. However, as the value chain is communicated through the various parties (product owner, architect, etc.), the real-world value chain (what does the assembly line actually look like when it is in full swing) can become distilled and distorted.

Executives and senior managers are keenly monitoring the Work from Home (WFH) phenomenon. The U.S. Census Bureau is tracking WFH trends. Academics are analyzing WFH. Celebrity executives are flip-flopping on WFH. Productivity is questioned. But, are we asking the right question? Can you WFH and walk?

It is clear that IT and non-IT professionals prefer WFH… So companies are in a bind: force in-office work or find some middle ground. A.P. Moller – Maersk, “an integrated transport and logistics company”, lists job vacancies on their website. When looking at their IT jobs, you will struggle to see a mention of “Remote” or “Work from Home.” And you will also see vacancies, such as this Lead Software Engineer that have been open since May of 2022.

A startup named “Gemba” is hoping to solve this vexing problem using Virtual Reality (VR). A Global Newswire article from January, 2023 describes Gemba’s origin story: “Gemba grew out of executive training company The Leadership Network, founded in 2013 by CEO Nathan Robinson and Chairman Victor Lewis. Through its collaboration with global giants like Toyota, Tesla, Google, BMW and Amazon, senior executives from non-competing companies have been able to visit their state-of-the-art factories and facilities to see best practice in action as part of an executive Gemba masterclass.”

We’ll see if technology will allow techies like myself to continue to work in our pajamas while getting the benefits of a Gemba Walk. In the meantime, executives and senior managers may want to consider scheduling on-site Gemba walks. Just don’t forget to supply a gourmet lunch, a foot massage, and some nice swag.


Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Timbal, Lotar

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Timbal, Lotar

### Response:

Output: Lotar is string, Timbal is percussion.


Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Pelycosaurus, Hippopotamus

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Pelycosaurus, Hippopotamus

### Response:

Output: Hippopotamus is alive, Pelycosaurus is extinct.


Instruction:
Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Eritrea or Poland.
Warsaw, Łódź, Assab, Keren, Kraków, Asmara

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Eritrea or Poland.
Warsaw, Łódź, Assab, Keren, Kraków, Asmara

### Response:

Output:
Eritrea - Asmara, Keren, Assab
Poland - Warsaw, Kraków, Łódź


Instruction: How should I clean a stainless steel pan?

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
How should I clean a stainless steel pan?

### Response:

Output: The simplest way is to add soapy water to the pan and bring it to a boil. Scraping off the food bits with a wooden spatula becomes easy then. For tougher stains you should use a combination of baking soda and vinegar. Let the mixture sit in the pan for a while, rinse it out, and then follow the soapy water procedure.


Instruction:
Are these things you would find in a jungle? Categorize them as Yes, Maybe and No Way:
Rivers
Fence
Trees
Iphones
Subway
Animals
Mosquitos
Wildfires
Mountains
Electric scooters
Flora
Crocodiles
Trump Tower
Fauna

Prompt:
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Are these things you would find in a jungle? Categorize them as Yes, Maybe and No Way:
Rivers
Fence
Trees
Iphones
Subway
Animals
Mosquitos
Wildfires
Mountains
Electric scooters
Flora
Crocodiles
Trump Tower
Fauna

### Response:

Output:
Yes:
Trees
Animals
Mosquitos
Flora
Fauna

Maybe:
Wildfires
Mountains
Rivers
Fence
Crocodiles

No Way:
Iphones
Subway
Electric scooters
Trump Tower