Datasets:
Update the README file
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README.md
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path: data/train-*
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- split: test
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path: data/test-*
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---
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path: data/train-*
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- split: test
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path: data/test-*
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license: apache-2.0
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task_categories:
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- image-classification
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- object-detection
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tags:
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- signature
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- document
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pretty_name: Signature Detection and Verification
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size_categories:
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- 10K<n<100K
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---
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# Signature Detection and Verification Dataset
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A comprehensive dataset designed for building and evaluating **end-to-end signature analysis pipelines**, including **signature detection** in document images and **signature verification** using genuine/forged pair classification.
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**Developed by**:[@Mels22](https://huggingface.co/Mels22) and [@JoeCao](https://huggingface.co/JoeCao)
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## Pipeline Overview
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This dataset supports a complete **signature detection and verification pipeline**. The process involves identifying the signature in a document and comparing it with a reference to determine if it is genuine or forged.
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- The **Detection Model** locates the signature in the document.
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- The cropped signature (`to_verify_signature`) is passed along with a sample signature (`sample_signature`) to the **Verification Model**.
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- The model then classifies the signature as either Genuine or Forged.
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## Dataset Summary
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| Split | Samples |
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|-------|---------|
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| Train | 23,206 |
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| Test | 6,195 |
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| **Total** | **29,401** |
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This dataset supports two key tasks:
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- **Detection:** Identifying the bounding boxes of signatures in scanned document images.
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- **Verification:** Comparing a signature within the document to a reference (sample) signature to determine whether it's **genuine** (`label = 0`) or **forged** (`label = 1`).
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## Features
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Each sample in the dataset contains the following fields:
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- `document` *(Image)*: The full document image that contains one or more handwritten signatures.
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- `bbox` *(List of Bounding Boxes)*: The coordinates of the signature(s) detected in the `document`. Format: `[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max]`.
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- `to_verify_signature` *(Image)*: A cropped signature from the document image that needs to be verified.
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- `sample_signature` *(Image)*: A standard reference signature used for comparison.
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- `label` *(int)*: Indicates if the `to_verify_signature` is **genuine (0)** or **forged (1)** when compared to the `sample_signature`.
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## Data Sources & Construction
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This dataset is **constructed by combining and modifying two publicly available datasets**:
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- **Signature Images** were sourced from the [Kaggle Signature Verification Dataset](https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/robinreni/signature-verification-dataset), which provides genuine and forged signatures from multiple individuals for verification tasks.
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- **Document Images with Signature Bounding Boxes** were taken from the [Signature Detection Dataset by NanoNets](https://github.com/NanoNets/SignatureDetectionDataset), which contains scanned documents with annotated signature regions.
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### How This Dataset Was Created
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To create a seamless, unified pipeline dataset for **detection + verification**, the following modifications were made:
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- **Synthetic Placement**: Signature images were programmatically inserted into real documents at their correct signing regions (e.g., bottom of the page or designated signature lines).
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- **Blending with Background**: Signatures were rendered with varying opacities, filters, and transformations to match the document background, mimicking real-world signature scans.
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- **Labeling and BBoxes**: The new locations of the inserted signatures were used to generate accurate bounding boxes for detection tasks.
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- **Pairing for Verification**: Each inserted signature (`to_verify_signature`) was paired with a reference (`sample_signature`) and assigned a label: `0` for genuine or `1` for forged.
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This process enables researchers to train and evaluate models for **both signature localization and signature verification** in a realistic, document-centric setting.
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