what is it caused by?
Causes can be in the mathematics that governs what patterns can physically form, and among living things in the effects of natural selection, that govern how patterns evolve.
Causes
causes at different levels, notably in the mathematics that governs what patterns can physically form, and among living things in the effects of natural selection, that govern how patterns evolve.
what does patterns in nature refer to? They are visible regularities of form found in the natural world. what patterns does it include? It includes symmetries, trees, spirals, meanders, waves, foams, tessellations, cracks and stripes.
UNANSWERABLE The mathematics that governs what patterns can physically form, and among living things in the effects of natural selection, that govern how patterns evolve. Chaos theory, fractals, logarithmic spirals, topology and other mathematical patterns.
Patterns in nature Patterns in nature
Causes Causes
in the mathematics that governs what patterns can physically form, and among living things in the effects of natural selection, that govern how patterns evolve. Visual patterns in nature find explanations in chaos theory, fractals, logarithmic spirals, topology and other mathematical patterns. For example, L-systems form convincing models of different patterns of tree growth.

The laws of physics apply the abstractions of mathematics to the real world, often as if it were perfect. For example, a crystal is perfect when it has no structural defects such as dislocations and is fully symmetric. Exact mathematical perfection can only approximate real objects. Visible patterns in nature are governed by physical laws; for example, meanders can be explained using fluid dynamics.
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Patterns in nature [SEP] Causes
Living things like orchids, hummingbirds, and the peacock's tail have abstract designs with a beauty of form, pattern and colour that artists struggle to match. The beauty that people perceive in nature has causes at different levels, notably in the mathematics that governs what patterns can physically form, and among living things in the effects of natural selection, that govern how patterns evolve. Mathematics seeks to discover and explain abstract patterns or regularities of all kinds. Visual patterns in nature find explanations in chaos theory, fractals, logarithmic spirals, topology and other mathematical patterns. For example, L-systems form convincing models of different patterns of tree growth.