what is the second process?
It is a vacuum deposition method used to produce high quality, high-performance, solid materials.
Chemical vapor deposition
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a vacuum deposition method used to produce high quality, high-performance, solid materials.
describe carbon in covalent bonds and the importance of it It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds what are the characteristics of this element? Carbon is the sixth element, with a ground-state electron configuration of 1s2s2p, of which the four outer electrons are valence electrons. Its first four ionisation energies, 1086.5, 2352.6, 4620.5 and 6222.7 kJ/mol, are much higher than those of the heavier group-14 elements. where this element can be found in the earth? Earth's crust what are its most common allotropes? Amorphous carbon, graphite, and diamond how did this element get its name? The English name "carbon" comes from the Latin "carbo" for coal and charcoal, whence also comes the French "charbon", meaning charcoal. what is the last allotrope? Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. what can you tell about its electrical conductivity properties? Blue diamonds are natural semiconductors, in contrast to most diamonds, which are excellent electrical insulators. what are its surface properties? Diamonds are naturally lipophilic and hydrophobic, which means the diamonds' surface cannot be wet by water, but can be easily wet and stuck by oil. how this element can be identify? Optical techniques can distinguish between natural diamonds and synthetic diamonds. They can also identify the vast majority of treated natural diamonds. how can one produce the synthetic one? "Hgh-pressure high-temperature" (HPHT) processes and chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
wiki:1557162
Chemical vapor deposition [SEP] Introduction
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a vacuum deposition method used to produce high quality, high-performance, solid materials. The process is often used in the semiconductor industry to produce thin films. In typical CVD, the wafer (substrate) is exposed to one or more volatile precursors, which react and/or decompose on the substrate surface to produce the desired deposit. Frequently, volatile by-products are also produced, which are removed by gas flow through the reaction chamber. Microfabrication processes widely use CVD to deposit materials in various forms, including: monocrystalline, polycrystalline, amorphous, and epitaxial. These materials include: silicon (dioxide, carbide, nitride, oxynitride), carbon (fiber, nanofibers, nanotubes, diamond and graphene), fluorocarbons, filaments, tungsten, titanium nitride and various high-k dielectrics.