what were other means of communication in early times?
Electrical telegraph.
Telecommunication
On 25 July 1837 the first commercial electrical telegraph was demonstrated by English inventor Sir William Fothergill Cooke, and English scientist Sir Charles Wheatstone. Both inventors viewed their device as "an improvement to the [existing] electromagnetic telegraph" not as a new device.
the number of valence electrons of the germanium element is UNANSWERABLE what is germanium? It is a chemical element with the symbol Ge. is it a metal? It is a lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white metalloid. what is its atomic number? 32 who discovered it? UNANSWERABLE where can it be found? In the Earth's crust. what are some of its applications? 35% for fiber-optics, 30% infrared optics, 15% polymerization catalysts, and 15% electronics. what help does it offer in the field of optics? It is useful for wide-angle camera lenses, microscopy, and the core part of optical fibers. what does the last mentioned term refer to? A flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic. is it used in communication technology? Yes, it is used as a medium for telecommunication and computer networking. how do pigeons affect the former medium? Homing pigeons have occasionally been used throughout history by different cultures.
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Telecommunication [SEP] Telegraph and telephone
On 25 July 1837 the first commercial electrical telegraph was demonstrated by English inventor Sir William Fothergill Cooke, and English scientist Sir Charles Wheatstone. Both inventors viewed their device as "an improvement to the [existing] electromagnetic telegraph" not as a new device. Samuel Morse independently developed a version of the electrical telegraph that he unsuccessfully demonstrated on 2 September 1837. His code was an important advance over Wheatstone's signaling method. The first transatlantic telegraph cable was successfully completed on 27 July 1866, allowing transatlantic telecommunication for the first time. The conventional telephone was patented by Alexander Bell in 1876. Elisha Gray also filed a caveat for it in 1876.