what was its reason?
Emperor Xian had been a political figurehead since 189, with no control over the actions of the various warlords controlling their respective territories - and Cao Cao, one of the most powerful warlords, secured his northern frontier and began a southern campaign.
Battle of Red Cliffs
By the early third century, the Han dynasty, which had ruled China for almost four centuries (albeit with a 16-year interruption, dividing the dynasty into its Western and Eastern periods), was crumbling. Emperor Xian had been a political figurehead since 189, with no control over the actions of the various warlords controlling their respective territories. One of the most powerful warlords in China was Cao Cao, who, by 207, had unified northern China and retained total control of the North China Plain. He then completed a successful campaign against the Wuhuan in the winter of the same year, thus securing his northern frontier. Upon his return in 208, he was appointed Chancellor, a position that granted him absolute authority over the entire imperial government . Shortly afterwards, in the autumn of 208, his army began a southern campaign (; ).
where did the battle of red cliffs take place In three different places - an initial skirmish at Red Cliffs, followed by a retreat to the Wulin battlefields on the northwestern bank of the Yangtze, and finally Cao Cao's retreat along Huarong Road. between whom was it fought? The allied forces of the southern warlords Sun Quan, Liu Bei and Liu Qi against the northern warlord Cao Cao.
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Battle of Red Cliffs [SEP] Background
Upon his return in 208, he was appointed Chancellor, a position that granted him absolute authority over the entire imperial government . Shortly afterwards, in the autumn of 208, his army began a southern campaign (; ). The Yangtze River in the area of Jing Province was key to the success of this strategy. If Cao Cao was to have any hope of reuniting the sundered Han empire, he had to achieve naval control of the middle Yangtze and command the strategic naval base at Jiangling as a means of access to the southern region . Two warlords controlled the regions of the Yangtze that were key to Cao Cao's success: Liu Biao, the Governor of Jing Province, controlled the area west of the mouth of the Han River (roughly encompassing the area around the city of Xiakou and all territory south of that region), and Sun Quan, who controlled the river east of the Han and the southeastern territories abutting it .