what kind of pigeons are mentioned above?
It is a variety of domestic pigeons derived from the wild rock dove.
Homing pigeon
The true messenger pigeon is a variety of domestic pigeons ("Columba livia domestica") derived from the wild rock dove, selectively bred for its ability to find its way home over extremely long distances. 
the number of valence electrons of the germanium element is UNANSWERABLE what is germanium? It is a chemical element with the symbol Ge. is it a metal? It is a lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white metalloid. what is its atomic number? 32 who discovered it? UNANSWERABLE where can it be found? In the Earth's crust. what are some of its applications? 35% for fiber-optics, 30% infrared optics, 15% polymerization catalysts, and 15% electronics. what help does it offer in the field of optics? It is useful for wide-angle camera lenses, microscopy, and the core part of optical fibers. what does the last mentioned term refer to? A flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic. is it used in communication technology? Yes, it is used as a medium for telecommunication and computer networking. how do pigeons affect the former medium? Homing pigeons have occasionally been used throughout history by different cultures. what were other means of communication in early times? Electrical telegraph. who invented the device? Sir William Fothergill Cooke
wiki:19480631
Homing pigeon [SEP] Introduction
The true messenger pigeon is a variety of domestic pigeons ("Columba livia domestica") derived from the wild rock dove, selectively bred for its ability to find its way home over extremely long distances. The rock dove has an innate homing ability, meaning that it will generally return to its nest (it is believed) using magnetoreception. Flights as long as have been recorded by birds in competitive pigeon racing. Their average flying speed over moderate distances is around and speeds of up to have been observed in top racers for short distances. Because of this skill, domesticated pigeons were used to carry messages as messenger pigeons.