was this country ever colonised?
Yes - by the Spaniards
Argentina
The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century. 
where does the warm moist air mass over the andes mountains in argentina come from The north–south orientation of the Andes creates a barrier for humid air masses originating from the Pacific Ocean.  Most of the moisture is dropped on the Chilean side, causing abundant precipitation and cloudiness while on the Argentine side, the air warms adiabatically, causing it to become drier as it descends. how is the overall climate of argentina? It ranges from subtropical in the north to subantarctic in the far south. Argentina has 11 different climate types: Humid Subtropical, moderate oceanic , warm semi-arid to name a few how many seasons does this place have? 4 seasons - winter, spring, summer and autumn. how is the winter like in this place? The northern parts of Argentina are generally warm, the central parts mild, and the southern parts cold with frequent frost and snow. can you tell me some factors that influence the climate here? Geographical factors such as latitude, elevation, and distance from the sea ; Atmospheric Circulation ; El Niño and La Niña can you name any sea here? South Atlantic Ocean. what happens to the plants in the fourth season that you mentioned? Some forests and vineyards display red and orange autumn foliage how is el nino and la nina related to the climate of this place? The warming phase of the sea temperature is known as "El Niño" and the cooling phase as "La Niña". During El Niño events, precipitation is more higher than normal while during La Niña events, precipitation is lower than normal in the Pampas.
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Argentina [SEP] Introduction
The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands (), and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period. The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century. Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776. The declaration and fight for independence (1810–1818) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861, culminating in the country's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city.