are there any exlusions to the rules?
Yes. For example :  an officer can stop an automobile and detains the driver in order to check his driver's license and the registration if he has articulable and reasonable suspicion that a motorist is unlicensed or that an automobile is not registered, or either the vehicle or an occupant is otherwise subject to seizure for violation of law.
Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The government may not detain an individual even momentarily without reasonable and articulable suspicion, with a few exceptions. In "Delaware v. Prouse" (1979), the Court ruled an officer has made an illegal seizure when he stops an automobile and detains the driver in order to check his driver's license and the registration of the automobile, unless the officer has articulable and reasonable suspicion that a motorist is unlicensed or that an automobile is not registered, or either the vehicle or an occupant is otherwise subject to seizure for violation of law.
when was the 4th amendment proposed and ratified It was drafted on September 17, 1787 and ratified on September 25, 1789. what does it amend? It deals with three main issues: what government activities are "searches" and "seizures", what constitutes probable cause to conduct searches and seizures, and how to address violations of the amendment. what does it apply to? For unreasonable searches and seizures and to safeguard the privacy and security of individuals against arbitrary invasions by governmental officials. are there any limitations? Yes, the submission of illegally obtained evidence when questioning witnesses. what kind of searches can be carried out? A check where there is no physically intrusion on "persons, houses, papers, or effects" for the purpose of obtaining information, can be carried out.
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Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution [SEP] Exceptions
The government may not detain an individual even momentarily without reasonable and articulable suspicion, with a few exceptions. In "Delaware v. Prouse" (1979), the Court ruled an officer has made an illegal seizure when he stops an automobile and detains the driver in order to check his driver's license and the registration of the automobile, unless the officer has articulable and reasonable suspicion that a motorist is unlicensed or that an automobile is not registered, or either the vehicle or an occupant is otherwise subject to seizure for violation of law. Where society's need is great, no other effective means of meeting the need is available, and intrusion on people's privacy is minimal, certain discretionless checkpoints toward that end may briefly detain motorists.