in what kind of research is the first type that you mentioned used?
In astronomy as well as for terrestrial viewing
Refracting telescope
Refracting telescopes were noted for their use in astronomy as well as for terrestrial viewing. Many early discoveries of the Solar System were made with singlet refractors.
io and europa the inner two of jupiter's four largest moons They include also Ganymede, and Callisto what are these four moons collectively known as? The Galilean moons who discovered them? Galileo Galilei are these moons visible from earth? Yes through a telescope are there different type of this instrument? Yes, reflecting telescope, radio telescopes  and infrared telescopes who invented it? Hans Lippershey
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Refracting telescope [SEP] Applications & Achievements
Refracting telescopes were noted for their use in astronomy as well as for terrestrial viewing. Many early discoveries of the Solar System were made with singlet refractors. The use of refracting telescopic optics are ubiquitous in photography, and are also used in Earth orbit. One of the really famous applications of refracting telescope, was when Galileo used it for astronomy; he discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter in 1609. Furthermore, early refractors were also used to discover the largest moon of Saturn, Titan, several decades later as well as three more of Saturn's moons.