what kind of impact does the last mentioned process have?
Host card emulation is the software architecture that provides exact virtual representation of various electronic identity cards using only software.
Host card emulation
Host card emulation (HCE) is the software architecture that provides exact virtual representation of various electronic identity (access, transit and banking) cards using only software. 
what do they call the subway in new york Rapid transit how is it constructed? The typical tunnel construction method was cut-and-cover are there any mentions of it being expanded? Since the opening of the original New York City Subway line in 1904, various official and planning agencies have proposed numerous extensions to the subway system. the city mentioned above where is it located? Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York what course does it follow? UNANSWERABLE did the above subway get modernized? Yes, credit-card trials at several subway stations in 2006 and 2010 led to proposals for contactless payment to replace the aging MetroCard. what kind of technology has been used in the above? Google Pay is an application for devices running Google's Android OS, which allows users to make purchases using NFC, which initially required a physical secure element but this was replaced by host card emulation
wiki:8148359
Host card emulation [SEP] Introduction
Host card emulation (HCE) is the software architecture that provides exact virtual representation of various electronic identity (access, transit and banking) cards using only software. Prior to the HCE architecture, near field communication (NFC) transactions were mainly carried out using secure elements. HCE enables mobile applications running on supported operating systems to offer payment card and access card solutions independently of third parties while leveraging cryptographic processes traditionally used by hardware-based secure elements without the need for a physical secure element. This technology enables the merchants to offer payment cards solutions more easily through mobile closed-loop contactless payment solutions, offers real-time distribution of payment cards and allows for an easy deployment scenario that does not require changes to the software inside payment terminals.