what are alternative adaptive immune system. ?
A distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule has been discovered in primitive jawless vertebrates, such as the lamprey and hagfish.
Immune system
However, a distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule has been discovered in primitive jawless vertebrates, such as the lamprey and hagfish. These animals possess a large array of molecules called Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) that, like the antigen receptors of jawed vertebrates, are produced from only a small number (one or two) of genes
where is the thymus gland located in the human body The thymus is located in the upper front part of the chest, in the anterior superior mediastinum, behind the sternum, and in front of the heart. what is this gland ? The thymus is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system. can it be removed ? Yes, The thymus is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system. what is its structure ? In children, the thymus is pinkish-gray, soft, and lobulated on its surfaces. At birth it is about 4–6 cm long, 2.5–5 cm wide, and about 1 cm thick. It increases in size until puberty, where it may have a size of about 40–50 g, following which it decreases in size in a process known as involution. is it present in any other animal ? Yes, The thymus is present in all jawed vertebrates what is the system you mentioned above ? The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. what is its layered defense ? Physical barriers prevent pathogens such as bacteria and viruses from entering the organism. is it adaptive ? Yes, It evolved in early vertebrates and allows for a stronger immune response as well as immunological memory what are granulocytes? They are leukocytes that have granules in their cytoplasm. what are phagocytes ? Neutrophils and macrophages are phagocytes that travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens. how does it effect our sleep and rest ? UNANSWERABLE what is autoimmunity ? Overactive immune responses form the other end of immune dysfunction, particularly the autoimmune disorders. what is immunodeficiencies ? Immunodeficiencies occur when one or more of the components of the immune system are inactive.
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Immune system [SEP] Alternative adaptive immune system
Evolution of the adaptive immune system occurred in an ancestor of the jawed vertebrates. Many of the classical molecules of the adaptive immune system (e.g., immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors) exist only in jawed vertebrates. However, a distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule has been discovered in primitive jawless vertebrates, such as the lamprey and hagfish. These animals possess a large array of molecules called Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) that, like the antigen receptors of jawed vertebrates, are produced from only a small number (one or two) of genes. These molecules are believed to bind pathogenic antigens in a similar way to antibodies, and with the same degree of specificity.