who are some well -known scientists in the branch of physics mentioned above?
Ernest Rutherford, Hans Geiger
Nuclear physics
 Ernest Rutherford published "Radiation of the α Particle from Radium in passing through matter." Hans Geiger
where are electrons found in an atom and what electrical charge and mass do they have An electron can be "bound" to the nucleus of an atom by the attractive Coulomb force.  If the number of electrons is different from the nucleus' electrical charge, such an atom is called an ion. which theory explains or is based on this? Atomic Theory, Quantum Theory what exactly is the part of the atom mentioned above, initially? The electron is a subatomic particle, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge. who discovered that it has two charges? French chemist Charles François du Fay what is this particle mentioned above? Subatomic particles are smaller than atoms. They can be composite particles, such as the neutron and proton; or elementary particles, which according to the standard model are not made of other particles. what method is used to divide the atom? Nuclear physics where was the chemist mentioned above born? France did he publish any books? Yes, All Du Fay's publications appeared in the journal "Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences: avec les mémoires de mathématique & de physique pour les mêmes années"
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Nuclear physics [SEP] Rutherford's team discovers the nucleus
In 1906, Ernest Rutherford published "Radiation of the α Particle from Radium in passing through matter." Hans Geiger expanded on this work in a communication to the Royal Society with experiments he and Rutherford had done, passing alpha particles through air, aluminum foil and gold leaf. More work was published in 1909 by Geiger and Ernest Marsden, and further greatly expanded work was published in 1910 by Geiger. In 1911–1912 Rutherford went before the Royal Society to explain the experiments and propound the new theory of the atomic nucleus as we now understand it. The key experiment behind this announcement was performed in 1910, at the University of Manchester: Ernest Rutherford's team performed a remarkable experiment in which Geiger and Marsden under Rutherford's supervision fired alpha particles (helium nuclei) at a thin film of gold foil.