of the plant-eating species mentioned above, what is the first one?
It is a medium sized deer.
White-tailed deer
The white-tailed deer ("Odocoileus virginianus"), also known as the whitetail or Virginia deer, is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, Ecuador, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia.
how do some chemicals in plants protect them from their enemies Through allelochemicals  that influence the behavior, growth, or survival of herbivores. name some animals/species that fall under the last-mentioned category. White-tailed deer , elephants, zebras, and giraffes. how would this category be defined? A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet. where does the term come from? Herbivore is the anglicized form of a modern Latin coinage, "herbivora," cited in Charles Lyell's 1830 "Principles of Geology." who is this person mentioned here? Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, was a Scottish geologist who demonstrated the power of known natural causes in explaining Earth's history. what are some of his most renowned books? "Principles of Geology" . what did he conclude from studying volcanoes? His conclusions supported gradual building of volcanoes, so-called "backed up-building", as opposed to the upheaval argument supported by other geologists. what were his contributions to the study of glacial features? Lyell proposed that icebergs could be the means of transport for erratics. During periods of global warming, ice breaks off the poles and floats across submerged continents, carrying debris with it, he conjectured. When the iceberg melts, it rains down sediments upon the land. when was his book mentioned above published? From 1830-1833. was it criticized for any reason? Yes, the  main argument against Lyell is that he took an "a priori" approach in his work.
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White-tailed deer [SEP] Introduction
The white-tailed deer ("Odocoileus virginianus"), also known as the whitetail or Virginia deer, is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, Ecuador, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia. It has also been introduced to New Zealand, all the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean (Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico), and some countries in Europe, such as Czechia, Finland, Romania, Serbia, Germany, and France. In the Americas, it is the most widely distributed wild ungulate. In North America, the species is widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains as well as in southwestern Arizona and most of Mexico, aside from Lower California.