what were the base metals used to make these crowns?
Crosses pattée and fleurs-de-lis
Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom
crosses pattée and fleurs-de-lis, 
where did the queen's jewels come from Tower of London what precious stones were used to make these crown jewels? A sword, brooch, ceremonial shield, and decorated bronze crown with a single arch
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Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom [SEP] Crowns
Crowns are the main symbols of royal authority. All crowns in the Tower are decorated with alternating crosses pattée and fleurs-de-lis, a pattern which first appears on the great seal of Richard III, and their arches are surmounted with a monde and cross pattée. Most of them also have a red or purple velvet cap and an ermine border.