how is this vesicle manufactured?
It is created by sonicating a dispersion of amphipatic lipids, such as phospholipids, in water
Liposome
Liposomes can hence be created by sonicating a dispersion of amphipatic lipids, such as phospholipids, in water.
what is another lipid in the cell membrane It is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules besides the cell membrane, is there any other part in the cell where this bilayer is present? UNANSWERABLE what are the functions of this bilayer? It is the barrier that keeps ions, proteins and other molecules where they are needed and prevents them from diffusing into areas where they should not be what instruments are used to observe this layer? Electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy what are the main parts the second instrument consists of? Cantilever, a piezoelectric element, the sharp tip, the detector, the sample, sample stage, and an xyz drive who developed this instrument? Gerd Binnig what is this person's profession? He is a physicist which organizations did he work for? IBM where is this company headquartered? Armonk, New York what products did this company develop in their research labs? Linux kernel,  platform-independent software framework Eclipse, International Components for Unicode (ICU) license are some of them what are the names of any current (or former) workers who work in this organization? Tim Cook, Ross Perot, John W. Thompson are few among them who all were involved in discovering the structure of that bilayer of the cell? Prof. Dr. Evert Gorter and F. Grendel how does the process of exocytosis take place in that bilayer of the cell? When a vesicle is produced inside the cell and fuses with the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space how does the process of endocytosis take place in that bilayer of the cell? In the reverse process, a region of the cell membrane will dimple inwards and eventually pinch off, enclosing a portion of the extracellular fluid to transport it into the cell what are some of the commercial applications of this bilayer? The use of liposomes for drug delivery, especially for cancer treatment what is this liposome all about? It is a spherical vesicle having at least one lipid bilayer
wiki:13017656
Liposome [SEP] Manufacturing
The choice of liposome preparation method depends, i.a., on the following parameters: Useful liposomes rarely form spontaneously. They typically form after supplying enough energy to a dispersion of (phospho)lipids in a polar solvent, such as water, to break down multilamellar aggregates into oligo- or unilamellar bilayer vesicles. Liposomes can hence be created by sonicating a dispersion of amphipatic lipids, such as phospholipids, in water. Low shear rates create multilamellar liposomes. The original aggregates, which have many layers like an onion, thereby form progressively smaller and finally unilamellar liposomes (which are often unstable, owing to their small size and the sonication-created defects).