did the amendment have an influence on any court cases?
Yes. The Fifteenth Amendment which was repealed by the Supreme Court in later decisions.
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Some have argued that Section 2 was implicitly repealed by the Fifteenth Amendment, but the Supreme Court acknowledged Section2 in later decisions.

In "Minor v. Happersett" (1875), the Supreme Court cited Section2 as supporting its conclusion that the right to vote was not among the "privileges and immunities of citizenship" protected by Section 1. Women would not achieve equal voting rights throughout the United States until the adoption of Nineteenth Amendment in 1920.
what are the main points of the 14th amendment The amendment's first section includes several clauses: the Citizenship Clause, Privileges or Immunities Clause, Due Process Clause, and Equal Protection Clause. when was it accepted? UNANSWERABLE was there a clause about citizenship? The Citizenship Clause is the first sentence of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which was adopted on July 9, 1868 who is the author of this clause? UNANSWERABLE how did it affect the natives? Native American tribes represented independent political powers with no allegiance to the United States, and that their peoples were under a special jurisdiction of the United States. It held that a Native person born a citizen of a recognized tribal nation was not born an American citizen and did not become one simply by voluntarily leaving his tribe and settling among whites.
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Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution [SEP] Influence on voting rights
Some have argued that Section 2 was implicitly repealed by the Fifteenth Amendment, but the Supreme Court acknowledged Section2 in later decisions. In "Minor v. Happersett" (1875), the Supreme Court cited Section2 as supporting its conclusion that the right to vote was not among the "privileges and immunities of citizenship" protected by Section 1. Women would not achieve equal voting rights throughout the United States until the adoption of Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. In "Richardson v. Ramirez" (1974), the Court cited Section2 as justifying the states disenfranchising felons.