how are the organisms named in common and scientific names?
The commonly used names for kinds of organisms are often ambiguous and can vary from place to place. In contrast, the scientific names of species are chosen to be unique and universal; they are in two parts used together.
Species
The commonly used names for kinds of organisms are often ambiguous: "cat" could mean the domestic cat, "Felis catus", or the cat family, Felidae. Another problem with common names is that they often vary from place to place, so that puma, cougar, catamount, panther, painter and mountain lion all mean "Puma concolor" in various parts of America, while "panther" may also mean the jaguar ("Panthera onca") of Latin America or the leopard ("Panthera pardus") of Africa and Asia. In contrast, the scientific names of species are chosen to be unique and universal; they are in two parts used together: the genus as in "Puma", and the specific epithet as in "concolor".
when are organisms considered to belong to the same species When any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Some other ways of defining them include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology etc. how are they defined as? A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. was there any scientists who contributed to this classification? Some of the early ones include Linnaeus, Ernst Mayr, R. L. Mayden and John Wilkins. who is the second mentioned person? He was an evolutionary biologist,  taxonomist, tropical explorer, ornithologist, philosopher of biology, and historian of science. how did he summarized the darwin's theory? UNANSWERABLE what are morphological species? A group of organisms in which individuals conform to certain fixed properties (a type). The clusters of variations or phenotypes within specimens (such as longer or shorter tails) would differentiate the species. who proposed this aforementioned concepts? It was used by Linnaeus in early evolutionary theory.
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Species [SEP] Common and scientific names
The commonly used names for kinds of organisms are often ambiguous: "cat" could mean the domestic cat, "Felis catus", or the cat family, Felidae. Another problem with common names is that they often vary from place to place, so that puma, cougar, catamount, panther, painter and mountain lion all mean "Puma concolor" in various parts of America, while "panther" may also mean the jaguar ("Panthera onca") of Latin America or the leopard ("Panthera pardus") of Africa and Asia. In contrast, the scientific names of species are chosen to be unique and universal; they are in two parts used together: the genus as in "Puma", and the specific epithet as in "concolor".