does it lead to any type of failure?
Yes, heart failure.
T-tubule
 T-tubule structure may be affected by disease, potentially contributing to heart failure and arrhythmias. 
the function of the transverse tubules is to T-tubules permit rapid transmission of the action potential into the cell, and also play an important role in regulating cellular calcium concentration. when was it first introduced? They were discovered in 1897. what is it's significance clinically? They may be lost or disrupted following a myocardial infarction, and are also disrupted in the ventricles of patients with heart failure, contributing to reduced force of contraction and potentially decreasing the chances of recovery. why is the control of calcium important in this case? To continue cardiac contraction.
wiki:12745698
T-tubule [SEP] Introduction
T-tubules (transverse tubules) are extensions of the cell membrane that penetrate into the centre of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. With membranes that contain large concentrations of ion channels, transporters, and pumps, T-tubules permit rapid transmission of the action potential into the cell, and also play an important role in regulating cellular calcium concentration. Through these mechanisms, T-tubules allow heart muscle cells to contract more forcefully by synchronising calcium release throughout the cell. T-tubule structure may be affected by disease, potentially contributing to heart failure and arrhythmias. Although these structures were first seen in 1897, research into T-tubule biology is ongoing.