how can you prevent it?
They are potentially preventable through decreasing exposure to smoke and improving air quality.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Most cases of COPD are potentially preventable through decreasing exposure to smoke and improving air quality. 
what is the full form of c o p d Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease what are its signs? Shortness of breath, and a cough that produces sputum. tell me more about the effects of the 1st one In severe COPD, vigorous coughing may lead to rib fractures or to a brief loss of consciousness. what does the last word you said for 'signs' mean? It is mucus that is coughed up from the lower airways (the trachea and bronchi). what colour is it? Purulent sputum is typically yellow or green. what are the symptoms of copd? Breathing out may take longer than breathing in, chest tightness may occur along with symptoms of leg swelling and bulging neck veins. how is it diagnosed? Spirometry. what is this? It is a pulmonary function tests. what medications are prescribed for it? Inhaled bronchodilators like β agonists and anticholinergics, and steroids. how can you manage copd? Smoking cessation and supplemental oxygen. what reference does it have to culture? Many health systems have difficulty ensuring appropriate identification, diagnosis and care of people with COPD. what is its prognosis? COPD usually gets gradually worse over time and can ultimately result in death. It is estimated that 3% of all disability is related to COPD. do you need to undergo surgery? In severe cases , surgery is sometimes helpful and may include lung transplantation or lung volume-reduction surgery.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [SEP] Prevention
Most cases of COPD are potentially preventable through decreasing exposure to smoke and improving air quality. Annual influenza vaccinations in those with COPD reduce exacerbations, hospitalizations and death. Pneumococcal vaccination may also be beneficial. Eating a diet high in beta-carotene may help but taking supplements does not seem to. A review of an oral "Haemophilus influenzae" vaccine found 1.6 exacerbations per year as opposed to a baseline of 2.1 in those with COPD. This small reduction was not deemed significant.