what is the structure of the former mentioned tubule
They are formed of a phospholipid bilayer. They have sections running both perpendicular (transverse) to and parallel (axially) to sarcolemma.The membrane that forms T-tubules is highly active, being studded with proteins including L-type calcium channels, sodium-calcium exchangers, calcium ATPases and Beta adrenoceptors.
T-tubule
T-tubules are tubules formed from the same phospholipid bilayer as the surface membrane or sarcolemma of skeletal or cardiac muscle cells. They connect directly with the sarcolemma at one end before travelling deep within the cell, forming a network of tubules with sections running both perpendicular (transverse) to and parallel (axially) to the sarcolemma. Due to this complex orientation, some refer to T-tubules as the transverse-axial tubular system. The inside or lumen of the T-tubule is open at the cell surface, meaning that the T-tubule is filled with fluid containing the same constituents as the solution that surrounds the cell (the extracellular fluid). Rather than being just a passive connecting tube, the membrane that forms T-tubules is highly active, being studded with proteins including L-type calcium channels, sodium-calcium exchangers, calcium ATPases and Beta adrenoceptors.
the function of the transverse tubules is to T-tubules permit rapid transmission of the action potential into the cell, and also play an important role in regulating cellular calcium concentration. when was it first introduced? They were discovered in 1897. what is it's significance clinically? They may be lost or disrupted following a myocardial infarction, and are also disrupted in the ventricles of patients with heart failure, contributing to reduced force of contraction and potentially decreasing the chances of recovery. why is the control of calcium important in this case? To continue cardiac contraction. does it lead to any type of failure? Yes, heart failure. name some of it's symptoms? Shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. how can it be diagnosed? The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends measuring brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) followed by an ultrasound of the heart if positive. This is recommended in those with shortness of breath. In those with worsening heart failure, both a BNP and a troponin are recommended to help determine likely outcomes.
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T-tubule [SEP] Structure
T-tubules are tubules formed from the same phospholipid bilayer as the surface membrane or sarcolemma of skeletal or cardiac muscle cells. They connect directly with the sarcolemma at one end before travelling deep within the cell, forming a network of tubules with sections running both perpendicular (transverse) to and parallel (axially) to the sarcolemma. Due to this complex orientation, some refer to T-tubules as the transverse-axial tubular system. The inside or lumen of the T-tubule is open at the cell surface, meaning that the T-tubule is filled with fluid containing the same constituents as the solution that surrounds the cell (the extracellular fluid).