what is it made up of?
Composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions
describe genetic engineering and give one example of it It is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology - the first GMO was a bacterium generated by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1973. what are the steps involved to execute this engineering process? Genetic engineers must first choose what gene they wish to insert into the organism - genetic screens can be carried out to determine potential genes and further tests then used to identify the best candidates. what are the apparatus and equipment needed to carry out this engineering process? Microarrays, transcriptomics and genome sequencing how is this engineering method applied in the pharmaceutical field? The manufacturing of drugs, creation of model animals that mimic human conditions and gene therapy - mass-produce human insulin in bacteria. and how is it applied in the field of farming? To create and use genetically modified crops or genetically modified livestock to produce genetically modified food. any examples of crops which can be genetically modified? The Amflora potato, soybeans, canola and tomato what are the benefits of the crops which are genetically produced this way? Increased production, increased tolerance to abiotic stresses, altering the composition of the food, or producing novel products. how can this process be of benefit to produce biofuels? Genetically engineered bacteria - making them perform tasks outside their natural cycle, such as making biofuels. what are the examples of bacteria used to carry out this process? UNANSWERABLE what are the names of the scientists who are involved in the development of the engineering process? Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase; James Watson and Francis Crick what did the first scientist state when he developed this engineering process? He observed that when two different strains of bacteriophage have infected the same bacteria, the two viruses may exchange genetic information. and what did the third scientist propose when he developed the process? He proposed the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. what is the full form of that above-mentioned abbreviated term? Deoxyribonucleic acid
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DNA [SEP] Introduction
Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids. Alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are one of the four major types of macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life. The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides as they are composed of simpler monomeric units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of one of four nitrogen-containing nucleobases (cytosine [C], guanine [G], adenine [A] or thymine [T]), a sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group.