what  is the selection process to receive this award ?
A maximum of three laureates and two different works may be selected per award.
Nobel Prize
e. A maximum of three laureates and two different works may be selected per award. 
what is the purpose of the nobel prize It is are awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind”. when was it first given ? 1901. were there any gender disparity ? Yes, out of 210 laureates in Physics, 181 in Chemistry and 216 in Medicine between 1901 and 2018, there were only three female laureates in physics, five in chemistry and 12 in medicine. any controversial recipients ? Yes, Henry Kissinger and Lê Đức Thọ, to name a few.
wiki:25693140
Nobel Prize [SEP] Selection
The Nobel Committee then prepares a report reflecting the advice of experts in the relevant fields. This, along with the list of preliminary candidates, is submitted to the prize-awarding institutions. The institutions meet to choose the laureate or laureates in each field by a majority vote. Their decision, which cannot be appealed, is announced immediately after the vote. A maximum of three laureates and two different works may be selected per award. Except for the Peace Prize, which can be awarded to institutions, the awards can only be given to individuals.