what method is used to divide the atom?
Nuclear physics
Subatomic particle
 Nuclear physics deals with how protons and neutrons arrange themselves in nuclei. 
where are electrons found in an atom and what electrical charge and mass do they have An electron can be "bound" to the nucleus of an atom by the attractive Coulomb force.  If the number of electrons is different from the nucleus' electrical charge, such an atom is called an ion. which theory explains or is based on this? Atomic Theory, Quantum Theory what exactly is the part of the atom mentioned above, initially? The electron is a subatomic particle, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge. who discovered that it has two charges? French chemist Charles François du Fay what is this particle mentioned above? Subatomic particles are smaller than atoms. They can be composite particles, such as the neutron and proton; or elementary particles, which according to the standard model are not made of other particles.
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Subatomic particle [SEP] Dividing an atom
Nuclear physics deals with how protons and neutrons arrange themselves in nuclei. The study of subatomic particles, atoms and molecules, and their structure and interactions, requires quantum mechanics. Analyzing processes that change the numbers and types of particles requires quantum field theory. The study of subatomic particles "per se" is called particle physics. The term "high-energy physics" is nearly synonymous to "particle physics" since creation of particles requires high energies: it occurs only as a result of cosmic rays, or in particle accelerators. Particle phenomenology systematizes the knowledge about subatomic particles obtained from these experiments.