text:
.

Varianti
Maschili: Ranulfo

Varianti in altre lingue

Germanico: Randulf, Randwulf
Franco: Rannulf
Inglese: Randolph, Randolf
Ipocoristici: Randy
Latino: Randulfus
Medio inglese: Randel
Norreno: Randúlfr, Rannulfr
Scozzese: Ranulf, Ranulph

Origine e diffusione
Può derivare da due nomi differenti, che si sono fusi col tempo fino ad essere indistinguibili: il primo è il germanico Randulf (o Randwulf), composto da rand ("bordo di scudo") e wulf (o wulfa, "lupo"), mentre il secondo è il franco Rannulf, composto da hramn ("corvo") e wulf ("lupo").

La forma latinizzata Randulfus è attestata in Italia nel Medioevo, e ad oggi è diffuso al Centro-Nord, con maggiore compattezza nel Lazio ed in Emilia-Romagna. In Inghilterra venne portato dai Normanni, dove già esisteva una forma norrena imparentata con Randulf, Randúlfr, ivi introdotta da coloni scandinavi. Si rarificò dopo il Medioevo, per poi essere ripreso nel XVIII secolo nella forma Randolph.

Onomastico
L'onomastico può essere festeggiato il 7 aprile in memoria del beato Randolfo Ashley, gesuita e martire a Worcester.

Persone

Randolfo Pacciardi, politico e antifascista italiano

Variante Randolph

Randolph Bresnik, astronauta statunitense
Randolph Childress, cestista e dirigente sportivo statunitense
Randolph Henry Churchill (1849 – 1895), politico britannico, padre di Winston Churchill
Randolph Frederick Churchill (1911 – 1968), ufficiale, giornalista e politico britannico, figlio di Winston Churchill
Randolph Keys, cestista statunitense
Randolph Mahaffey, cestista statunitense
Randolph Morris, cestista statunitense
Randolph Powell, attore statunitense
Randolph Quirk, linguista britannico
Randolph Scott, attore statunitense

Altre varianti
Ranulf, chierico e amministratore britannico
Ranulfo Cortés, calciatore messicano
Ranulph de Blondeville, nobile britannico
Ranulph de Gernon, militare britannico
Ranulf de Glanvill, politico britannico
Ranulfo I di Poitiers, conte di Poitiers e duca d'Aquitania
Ranulfo II di Poitiers, conte di Poitiers e duca d'Aquitania
Ranulfo Miranda, allenatore di calcio ed ex calciatore paraguaiano
Ranulph il Meschino, III conte di Chester, nobile britannico

Il nome nelle arti
Randolph Carter è un personaggio letterario creato dallo scrittore Howard Phillips Lovecraft.

Note

Altri progetti

Prenomi di origine germanica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Тру́бина — женская форма русской фамилии  и название деревень в Свердловской области России.

 Известные носительницы
 Трубина, Марфа Дмитриевна (1888—1956) — чувашская детская писательница, поэтесса, заслуженная учительница РСФСР и Чувашской республики.

Деревни
 Трубина — деревня в Ирбитском районе Свердловской области.
 Трубина — деревня в Пышминском районе Свердловской области. См. также


text:
Coccidae sunt o familie de păduchi țestoși  aparținând suprafamiliei Coccoidea. Femelele sunt plate cu corpuri alungite și integumente netede ce pot fi acoperite cu ceară. În unele genuri, ele posedă picioare dar în altele, nu, iar antenele sunt scurte sau pot lipsi. Masculii pot fi înaripați sau să nu aibă nicio aripă.

Subfamilii
 Myzolecaniinae Hodgson, 1994
Genuri din această subfamilie
 Akermes
 Alecanium
 Alecanopsis
 Cribolecanium
 Cryptostigma
 Cyclolecanium
 Halococcus
 Houardia
 Megasaissetia
 Myzolecanium
 Neolecanium
 Paractenochiton
 Pseudophilippia
 Richardiella
 Torarchus
 Toumeyella
 Xenolecanium

În comun atacați de ciuperca Hypocrella.

Genuri
 Antecerococcus
 Aspidiotus
 Ceroplastes
 Coccus Linnaeus, 1758
 Eucalymnatus Cockerell, 1901
 Eulecanium
 Kilifia De Lotto, 1965
 Lecanium
 Metaceronema
 Milviscutulus
 Paralecanium
 Parasaissetia
 Parthenolecanium
 Phenacoccus Cockerell, 1902
 Protopulvinaria
 Pulvinaria Targioni-tozzetti, 1867
 Saissetia Deplanche, 1858

Vezi și
 Coccus viridis
 Eulecanium cerasorum
 Maacoccus arundinariae
 Pulvinaria innumerabilis

Referințe

Surse externe
 Images at BugGuide
Florida wax scale on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
  Păduchii țestoși

Scale insects
Hemiptera
Familii de insecte


text:
Јузо Таширо (; 22. јул 1982) јапански је фудбалер.

Каријера
Током каријере је играо за Кашима Антлерс, Висел Кобе, Серезо Осака и многе друге клубове.

Репрезентација
За репрезентацију Јапана дебитовао је 2008. године. За тај тим је одиграо 3 утакмице.

Статистика

Референце

Спољашње везе

Рођени 1982.
Јапански фудбалери
Нападачи у фудбалу
Фудбалери Монтедио Јамагате


text:
Javier Pérez Capdevila (Guantánamo, Cuba, 7 de febrer de 1963) és un científic cubà, Doctor en Ciències Econòmiques, Matemàtic i Professor Titular, conegut per la introducció de l'operació mixtura de conjunts borrosos, altres aportacions teòriques a la Matemàtica Borrosa, així com per introduir un concepte de competències laborals amb el mètode per mesurar-les.

Aportes científicos
Va construir l'operació de mixtura de conjunts borrosos, on a partir d'elements de diferent naturalesa s'obtenen nous elements amb els seus determinats graus de pertenencia.

Critica la forma en què es realitza l'anàlisi FODA (Fortaleses, Oportunitats, Debilitats i Amenaces). Segons Pérez, la utilització d'opcions limitades per valorar els impactes, així com la igualtat de ponderació entre totes les Fortaleses, Oportunitats, Debilitats o Amenaces. Segons ell, és un model que no s'ajusta a la realitat. Va proposar un procediment alternatiu per a realitzar aquesta anàlisi, on aborda el problema de la inconsistència que pogués generar-se en les votacions dels expertos.

A partir del concepte d'índex o coeficient d'adequació donat per Jaume Gil Aluja el 1996, poden produir-se molts empats en l'adequació. Per resoldre-Pérez Capdevila va introduir en la matemàtica borrosa els conceptes de sobrepesos en l'adequació, coeficient de desempat per coeficients d'adequació iguals i coeficient de desempat ajustat per coeficients d'adequació iguals, els quals defineix amb precisió, per desempatar en una indefinida quantitat de casos amb coeficients d'adequació iguals, arrodonint així una teoria al voltant de l'adequació de candidats a un prefixat perfil.

En l'àmbit organitzacional, utilitzant la mixtura de conjunts borrosos i el mètode teòric d'anàlisi i síntesi, estudia les definicions cronològiques de competències, i ofereix una nova definició d'aquestes (Competència (organització)), la qual facilita el seu mesurament. A partir d'aquest fet científic, Pérez Capdevila construeix un algoritme de treball per mesurar competències a partir de la percepció humana i construir mapes (definint), proporciona una classificació de les persones a partir dels elements de les seves competències, proveeix un procediment per correlacionar les competències i el salari, i construeix un simulador que vincula les competències amb les productivitat i qualitat de l'trabajo.

Va aportar dos nous conceptes: potencial de retorn i potencial d'immigració, l'aplicació està destinada a l'procés de repoblació de les muntanyes cubanas.

Va dirigir el primer estudi de percepció de la ciència i la tecnologia que es va dur a terme a Cuba, prenent com a context la província Guantánamo on ell resideix, i es va destacar com a investigador en el primer estudi d'avaluació de la sostenibilitat a Cuba, en col·laboració amb diverses universitats cubanes i españolas.

Ha escrit diversos llibres i articles científics entre els quals destaquen "L'Era del Coneixement" i "Definició, mesurament i mapes de competències laborals"

Premis i distincions
Premi Nacional de l'Acadèmia de Ciències de Cuba, que és el màxim premi que atorga l'Acadèmia de Ciències de Cuba als científics cubans per resultats rellevants amb impactes manifiestos.

Ordre (distinció) "Carlos Juan Finlay": És el major reconeixement científic que s'atorga a Cuba. Aquesta condecoració l'confereix el Consell d'Estat de la República de Cuba a ciutadans cubans i estrangers en reconeixement a extraordinaris mèrits per valuoses aportacions a el desenvolupament de les Ciències Naturals o Socials, a activitats científiques o d'investigació que hagin contribuït de manera excepcional a el progrés de les ciències i en benefici de la humanidad.

Segell Commemoratiu "Antonio Batxiller i Morales": La major condecoració que atorga la Societat Cubana de Ciències de la Informació per aportacions rellevants a la Gestió del coneixement, tant en el camp de la teoria com en la práctica.

Segell Honorífic "Forjadors del Futur": Atorgat per la Presidència Nacional de les Brigades Tècniques Juvenils de Cuba de manera excepcional a personalitats destacades de la ciencia.

Professor Honorari de la Fundació CONFENALCO de Colombia.

Referències

Enllaços externs
 WoS
 RedaLyc
 DIALNET

Cubans
Científics americans
Matemàtics americans
Professors universitaris
Matemàtics del segle XXI
Condecoracions
Economistes americans


text:
LGBT representations in hip hop music have existed since the birth of the genre despite blatant discrimination. Hip hop has long been portrayed as one of the least LGBT-friendly genres of music, with a significant body of the genre containing homophobic views and anti-gay lyrics, with mainstream artists such as Eminem and Tyler, the Creator having used homophobia in their lyrics. Attitudes towards homosexuality in hip hop culture have historically been negative. Slang that uses homosexuality as a punchline such as "sus", "no homo", and "pause" can be heard in hip hop lyrics from some of the industry's biggest artists. However, since the early 2000s there has been a flourishing community of LGBTQ+ hip hop artists, activists, and performers breaking barriers in the mainstream music industry.

Labels such as homo hop or queer hip hop group all artists identifying as members of the LGBTQ+ community into a subgenre of hip hop based solely on their sexuality. These subgenre labels are not marked by any specific production style, as artists within it may simultaneously be associated with virtually any other subgenre of hip hop, or may also make music that falls outside the subgenre entirely. Rather, the terms are defined by a direct engagement with LGBT culture in elements such as the lyrical themes or the artist's visual identity and presentation.

Artists who have been labelled as part of the genre have, however, varied in their acceptance of the terminology. Some have supported the identification of a distinct phenomenon of "LGBTQ+ hip hop" as an important tool for promoting LGBTQ+ visibility in popular music, while others have criticized it for trivializing their music as a "niche" interest that circumscribed their appeal to mainstream music fans.

Many artists have contributed to the increased visibility and social acceptance of the LGBTQ+ community's presence in hip hop music, most notably Frank Ocean, who penned an open letter addressing his sexuality in 2012. There has also been an increased presence of LGBTQ+ supporters in the mainstream hip hop community, such as Jay-Z, Murs, Kanye West, XXXTentacion, Jack Harlow, Kendrick Lamar, Macklemore, and Ryan Lewis.

History

Origins (1970s)
Hip-hop was developed in the late 1970s following the popularity of disco. Disco music, which contains origins within Black American culture, had an impact on hip-hop from samples to early hip-hop fashion. The disco scene which was derived from disco music was known for its vibrant nightlife that was considered a haven for those in the LGBTQ+ community, particularly LGBTQ+ youth of color.

Despite these origins, early hip-hop artists expressed anti-LGBTQ+ sentiments and epithets common of the time in their music. Sugarhill Gang's 1979 song "Rapper's Delight", the first hip hop record to become a top 40 hit, referred to fictional character Superman as a "fairy" for wearing a skin-tight garment.

1980s-1990s
In 1986, the hip hop trio Beastie Boys originally wanted to name their debut album Don't Be A Faggot, but their record label Columbia Records refused to release it under that title, so it changed the title to Licensed to Ill. Years later, the Beastie Boys formally apologized to the LGBT community for the "shitty and ignorant" things they said on their first record.

During what was considered third-wave feminism, there was an infusion of Black feminist thought into hip-hop by way of Black women in the genre who emphasized issues of race, gender, and sexuality. This included Black LGBTQ+ musicians like Meshell Ndegeocello whose 1993 album Plantation Lullabies is considered an example of the evolving attitudes and politics of the hip hop generation, specifically from younger Black feminists. According to Andreana Clay, "Ndegeocello's lyrics are a product of early Black feminism, radical lesbian feminism, and hip-hop feminism."

In her music, Ndegocello has addressed sexuality and Blackness as a Black bisexual woman, garnering a following from LGBTQ+ feminists of color. Her musical content and appearance also drew criticism from certain listeners and radio stations who refused to play her music. The ideas of Black queer and lesbian feminism influenced hip hop during a moment when politics surrounding sexuality, gender, and race were shifting.

Although more radical queer politics were influencing more mainstream areas of music and society, discrimination remained and LGBTQ+ artists continued to face marginalization and barriers in airtime and commercial success.

2000s-present
Kanye West denounced homophobia in hip hop in an August 2005 interview with Sway Calloway for MTV News. He discussed how his environment led him to be homophobic, and how finding out his cousin was gay changed his perspective. This statement was radical at the time; it was the first major statement against homophobia in hip hop by a popular artist.

Further advancements in acceptance of LGBT in hip hop have begun to take place through the mid-2010s and the 2020s. In 2014, rap duo Macklemore and Ryan Lewis joined the United Nations Free & Equal campaign, which aims to advantage equal rights for LGBT people around the world.

In 2017, rapper XXXTentacion spoke out during his concert tour against discrimination towards gay people by hate groups, and was praised as a supporter of transgender rights by multiple transgender artists.

In 2018, rapper Eminem made headlines when he apologized for the first time in his career for previously using homophobic slurs, saying that he now realized "[he] was hurting a lot of other people by saying it."  Specifically, Eminem said he regretted calling rapper Tyler, the Creator a "faggot" in his diss track, "Fall".

In 2022, rapper Kendrick Lamar received mixed reactions after he released his song "Auntie Diaries", with some praising the track for being pro-transgender.

Homo hop
The homo hop movement first emerged in the 1990s as an underground movement spearheaded by the hip-hop group Rainbow Flava, particularly in California, in part as a reaction to the widespread acceptance of homophobia in the lyrics of mainstream hip hop performers such as Eminem. Lyrics in songs such as "Criminal" on The Marshall Mathers LP demonstrate this homophobia.  Initially coined by Tim'm T. West of Deep Dickollective, the term "homo hop" was not meant to signify a distinct genre of music, but simply to serve as a community building tool and promotional hook for LGBTQ+ artists. According to West:

West's bandmate Juba Kalamka offered a similar assessment:

In a 2001 interview with SFGate.com, West elaborated on the movement's goals:

The genre received a mainstream publicity boost in 2002 and 2003 when Caushun was widely reported as the first openly LGBTQ+ rapper to be signed to a major label, although Caushun was later revealed to have been a publicity stunt engineered by heterosexual musician Ivan Matias.

Notable events in the 2000s included the PeaceOUT World Homo Hop Festival, which was founded in 2001 and mounted annually until 2008, and the 2006 documentary film Pick Up the Mic. However, some music critics in this era dismissed the genre as too often sacrificing musical quality in favour of a "didactic" political agenda.

The most commercially successful LGBTQ+ rapper in the 2000s was Cazwell, who emerged as a popular artist in gay dance clubs, and has scored at least six top 40 hits on Billboard'''s Hot Dance Club Songs chart, with a hybrid pop-rap style which he has described as "if Biggie Smalls ate Donna Summer for breakfast". Cazwell described his philosophy of music as "create your own space, your own music and have people come to you," and has noted in interviews that he achieved much greater success by "breaking" the rules of the hip hop industry than he ever did in his earlier attempts to pursue mainstream success with the 1990s hip hop duo Morplay.

One of the first mainstream artists to speak out publicly against anti-gay discrimination in hip hop was Kanye West in a 2004 interview with Sway Calloway on MTV News. In the interview Kanye says, "Hip-hop does discriminate against gay people. I want to just come on TV and tell my rappers, my friends, just stop it, fam. Seriously, that's really discrimination". Kanye criticized the hip-hop community, saying, "Hip-hop seemed like it was about fighting for your rights in the beginning, about speaking your mind, and breaking down barriers or whatever, but everybody in hip-hop discriminates against gay people. To me, that's one of the standards in hip-hop is to be like, 'You fag, you gay'".

 Criticism
Some artists have criticized the queer hip hop genre as an arbitrary label that can potentially limit an artist's audience and may not actually correspond to their artistic goals or career aspirations. In 2013, Brooke Candy told The Guardian:

One unspecified artist declined to be interviewed for the Guardian feature at all, stating that he preferred to be known as a rapper rather than as a "gay rapper". Eric Shorey, author of "Queer Rap is Not Queer Rap", contests "queer rap" labeling, arguing that "comparisons between gay and straight rap (as if they were two distinct genres) simply doesn't make sense without implied bigotry". Shorey insists that listeners ignore these sexuality-based hip hop classifications and listen more closely to the quality of music being produced. He also suggests that queer artists should be booked alongside straight artists, showing that they are equally talented, and deserve the same amount of recognition. Other artists, on the other hand, don't mind these classifications. British rapper RoxXxan told the Guardian that "I want to be perceived as 'RoxXxan,' but if people label me as 'gay rapper RoxXxan' I'm not offended." Nicky Da B told Austinist that "Basically, I perform for an LGBTQ+ crowd but also for everyone. A lot of the bounce rappers that are rapping and touring at the moment are all gay. The LGBTQ+ community just capitalizes on that I guess, from us being gay, and they support us on it, so that's how it goes I guess."

 Commercialization
Another criticism arises from the perceived commercialization of LGBTQ+ representation by hip hop artists. A good example of this is with Nicki Minaj and her approach to presenting sexuality and sexual orientation. She often presents queerness in her music videos and lyrics. This approach has been analyzed by critics of Nicki as "strategic queerness". Fly Young Red went viral on YouTube for his song "Throw That Boy Pussy" in 2014. Other artists, such as Azealia Banks, Angel Haze, and Young M.A. have openly discussed their sexuality in their lyrics and expression of style.

 Negative representation of women and homosexuality
Gender and sexual diversity among hip hop artists have existed since the genre's earliest days, yet it has historically and predominantly been perceived as the epitomized expression of Black straight male masculinity and culture, which are usually externalized as the degradation of women and homosexuality within the music and personified as a lifestyle outside the music. In his 2006 documentary Hip-Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes, Byron Hurt explores the nuanced relationships between hip-hop, masculinity, misogyny, and homophobia. In the documentary Hurt travels around the country and interviews rap and hip hop artists, academics, and fans about their perceptions on these issues in the culture. After conducting dozens of interviews, Hurt sees a continued pattern of homophobia, the objectification of women, and the domination of other men, all linked as the means through which one asserts their masculinity over another.

Lauron J. Kehrer writes extensively on the prevalence and issues of misogyny/misogynoir and homophobia/lesbophobia faced by queer women hip hop artists in Queer Voices in Hip Hop: Cultures, Communities, and Contemporary Performance.  The construction of this specific masculinity in hip-hop has made it difficult for artists who don't fit the stereotypical image of a hyper-masculine straight male to succeed. Some scholars have attempted to categorize different types of female hip-hop artists as a means of increasing their representation within the genre, such as Cheryl L. Keyes' formulation of the "Queen Mother", "Fly Girl", "Sista with Attitude" and "Lesbian" rapper archetypes in Empowering Self, Making Choices, Creating Spaces: Black Female Identity via Rap Music Performance.  Some successful female artists, such as Nicki Minaj, have attempted to make space within the male-dominated genre by aligning themselves with stereotypical Black, hypermasculine hip hop traits in their music and performance. Another female artist, Jean Grae, subverts the Black straight hypermasculine male status quo by utilizing the language and lyrical presentation of male artists in the industry, as Shante Paradigm Smalls discusses in The Rain Comes Down: Jean Grae and Hip Hop Heteronormativity.  In Getting Freak with Missy: Missy Elliot, Queer Hip Hop, and the Musical Aesthetics of Impropriety, Elliott H. Powell discusses in detail the approach some female artists, such as Missy Elliott, take in hypersexualizing themselves and engaging in 'impropriety' to make space in the genre by centering herself and her sexuality over that of the male subject.

However, Kehrer points out that all of the above examples "challenge but [do] not necessarily disrupt the status quo" of the Black, hypermasculine straight male within hip hop, unlike Black queer masculine female artists. The specific brand of female masculinity which these female artists embody is neither temporarily clad for performance nor is it undermined by heterosexuality or a traditional femininity. The categorization of female artists along the lines of Keyes' conceptualization, and the fact that Black queer masculine female artists disrupt the status quo in hip hop in the way Kehrer describes, both contribute to the hypervisibility/invisibility paradox that such artists face in the genre. In his book Female Masculinity, Jack Halberstam writes that "widespread indifference to female masculinity...has clearly ideological motivations and has sustained the complex social structures that wed masculinity to maleness and to power and domination." Young M.A. is a prominent queer masculine rapper who exemplifies this dichotomy. As someone who embodies a natural female masculinity within the genre, her masculinity fits directly with the style of hip hop such that she doesn't need to fit herself onto it like feminine or heterosexual female artists must. Because this female masculinity threatens the predominant Black straight male hypermasculinity prevalent in hip hop, M.A. is often the target of harassment and abuse by male artists who attempt to undermine her legitimacy as a hip hop artist by sexualizing and objectifying her in the traditional ways feminine and heterosexual women often are. To combat this dismissal of her sexuality (i.e., an attempt to make her queer identity invisible), as well as the paradoxical but simultaneous hypervisibility she receives as a queer masculine woman rapper that elicits this abuse in the first place, she distances herself from the labels "lesbian rapper" and "woman rapper." She thereby carves out a space within the industry for her to exist and succeed as a queer masculine woman rapper without succumbing to expectations that she performs within the restrictive category of homo hop, nor is she compelled to perform in the same way her feminine and heterosexual counterparts are expected to in order to be taken seriously as authentic hip hop artists. As Kehrer writes: "The very delicate balance she achieves allows her queer identity to be seen while making it difficult for anyone to demand that she performs queerness on anyone else's terms but her own."

Syd, another queer masculine hip hop artist, has received significant backlash from the LGBT community for her refusal to identify with the term "lesbian". In an interview for The Guardian, she explains, "I don't feel like a part of the gay community. Like, I don't consider myself a lesbian." She has also been criticized for her music video, "Cocaine," which is a cautionary commentary on the dangers of drug use, but which has been accused of depicting an abusive same-sex relationship between two women. Some scholars argue that the criticisms Syd has experienced is a result of the unique tension between the cultural significance of the genre in Black culture and the homophobia which pervades the genre. This tension is exemplified by an example in Hurt's documentary, in which rapper Busta Rhymes walks out of his interview when he is asked a question about homophobia in the rap community, saying, "What I represent culturally doesn't condone [homosexuality] whatsoever."

 Song lyrics
Ice-T stated on his autobiography that record-label executive Seymour Stein took exception to a line in his song "409": "Guys grab a girl, girls grab a guy / If a guy wants a guy, please take it outside".  Ice-T later became one of the first rappers to condemn homophobia on raps such as Straight Up Nigga and The Tower in his album O.G. Original Gangster (1991).

Many songs by rapper Eminem have been considered homophobic for his frequent use of anti-gay slurs, especially the song "Criminal" from his third album The Marshall Mathers LP (2000), which contains lines like: "My words are like a dagger with a jagged edge, That'll stab you in the head, whether you're a fag or les', Or a homosex, hermaph or a trans-a-vest, Pants or dress, hate fags? The answer's 'yes'". In an interview with Anderson Cooper on 60 Minutes, Eminem denied being homophobic and explained the frequent use of the term "faggot" in his lyrics, that this word was "thrown around constantly" in battle rap, and that he does not use it to refer to gay people.The Marshall Mathers LP was nominated for Album of the Year at the Grammy Awards 2001, which led to protests due to the album's controversial content. At the show, Eminem performed "Stan" with openly gay musician Elton John in response. Eminem experienced more backlash in 2018, after he released his surprise album Kamikaze. On December 11, 2017, rapper Tyler, The Creator tweeted "dear god this song is horrible sheesh how the fuck", which fans quickly realized was directed at Eminem's new single at the time, "Walk On Water". On the track "Fall" from Kamikaze, Eminem responded to Tyler, The Creator's criticisms, where he raps "Tyler create nothin', I see why you call yourself a faggot, bitch / It's not because you lack attention, it's because you worship D12's balls, you're sacreligeous".

This is most likely in relation to Tyler's sexuality being a major spectacle within his fanbase, with a lot of his lyrics hinting at homosexuality. Before the album was released, however, the slur was censored. Eminem joined Sway Calloway in a series of interviews after Kamikaze's release, where he explained that he regretted using the slur against Tyler. "In my quest to hurt him, I realized that I was hurting a lot of other people by saying it. At the time, I was so mad, it was just whatever...", "...it was one of the things I kept going back to, going 'I don't feel right with this.'" Justin Vernon, who provided the chorus for "Fall", publicly condemned Eminem's language on the song, tweeting "Was not in the studio for the Eminem track... came from a session with BJ Burton and Mike Will. Not a fan of the message, it's tired. Asked them to change the track, wouldn't do it...".

In 2020, Eminem released his album Music To Be Murdered By, in which he collaborated on a song with openly queer New York rapper Young M.A. In 2010, while being interviewed by Anderson Cooper for 60 Minutes, Eminem was challenged about his homophobic lyrics, to which he said: "The scene that I came up in, that word was thrown around so much. You know? 'Faggot', it was thrown around constantly to each other, like, in battling." When Anderson Cooper asked Eminem if he 'didn't like gay people', Eminem replied: "I don't have any problem with nobody [sic]."

The early work of rapper Tyler, The Creator was heavily criticized for homophobic lyrics. Goblin, in particular, was found by publication NME to have used homophobic language a total of 213 times throughout the course of the album. One particular example was in the song "Tron Cat", where Tyler states: "Rashes on my dick from licks of shish-kebab sagets, in some Kanye West glasses screaming out, fuck faggots!" Tyler responded to these pieces in a later NME interview, stating: "I'm not homophobic. I just think 'faggot' hits and hurts people. It hits." Tegan Rain Quin of Tegan and Sara took particular issue with Tyler's lyrics on Goblin: "If any of the bands whose records are held in similar esteem as Goblin had lyrics littered with rape fantasies and slurs, would they be labeled hate mongers? I realize I could ask that question of DOZENS of other artists, but is Tyler exempt because people are afraid of the backlash? The inevitable claim that detractors are being racist, or the brush-off that not "getting it" would indicate that you're "old" (or a faggot)?" Tyler responded in a joking matter with the quote, "If Tegan and Sara need some hard dick, hit me up!"

In 2020, rappers Insane Clown Posse denounced past use of homophobic slurs in their lyrics, saying that their producer Mike E. Clark is gay, and that "We wanted to be like gangsta rap, and gangsta rap said it all the time" but "There was never a time when we had a problem with gay people."

In the lyrics of one song on rapper Trick-Trick's 2008 album The Villain, he refers to Ellen DeGeneres and Rosie O'Donnell as "dyke bitches" and says that he will send a "scud missile right through their fucking cruise ship". Trick-Trick expressed his dislike towards homosexuals in an interview with music site AllHipHop: "Faggots hate me and I don't give a fuck. I don't want your faggot money any goddam way."

The phrase "No Homo" is often used in today's hip hop lyrics and Black culture.  It means "no gay things" or "nothing gay".  One example of the term's usage is in the Jay-Z song, "Run This Town".  Kanye West, one of the featured artists on the song, stated, "It's crazy how you can go from being Joe Blow / to everybody on your dick...no homo."

Evolution

By the early 2010s, a new wave of openly LGBTQ+ hip hop musicians began to emerge, spurred in part by the increased visibility and social acceptance of LGBTQ+ people, the coming out of mainstream hip hop stars such as Azealia Banks and Frank Ocean, and the release of LGBT-positive songs by heterosexual artists such as Murs, Macklemore, and Ryan Lewis.

Although inspired and empowered by the homo hop movement, this newer generation of artists garnered more mainstream media coverage and were able to make greater use of social media tools to build their audience, and thus did not need to rely on the old homo hop model of community building. Many of these artists were also strongly influenced by the LGBTQ+ African American ball culture, an influence not widely seen in the first wave of homo hop, and many began as performance art projects and incorporated the use of drag. Accordingly, many of the newer artists were identified in media coverage with the newer "queer hip hop" label instead of "homo hop".

In 2008, Jipsta released the single "Middle of the Dancefloor" which spent a total of 14 weeks (peaking at #6 for two consecutive weeks) on the Billboard Dance Club Play chart. This achievement was noteworthy for LGBTQ+ hip-hop as it marked the first time an openly gay White rapper earned a Top 10 single on the Billboard Club Play chart. The following year, Jipsta released a cover of the George Michael song "I Want Your Sex", which rose to the #4 position on the Billboard Dance Club Play chart in only 4 weeks time, resulting in the first Top 5 Billboard charting record by an LGBTQ+ hip-hop artist.

In March 2012, Carrie Battan of Pitchfork profiled Mykki Blanco, Le1f, Zebra Katz and House of Ladosha in an article titled "We Invented Swag: NYC Queer Rap" about "a group of NYC artists [who] are breaking down ideas of hip-hop identity".

In October 2012, Details profiled several LGBTQ+ hip hop artists "indelibly changing the face—and sound—of rap".

In March 2014, the online magazine Norient.com published a first overview of queer hip hop videos worldwide. The article talks about topics, aesthetics and challenges of LGBTQ+ hip hop in Angola, Argentina, Cuba, Germany, Israel, Serbia, South Africa and the USA."

Increasingly, focus on the development of Queer voices in the international hip-hop community has gained more precedent with articles published looking at how Queer rappers use the art-form as a type of therapy. A Winter 2016 article from Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education looked at how utilizing the art-form helped challenge traditional notions of hip hop and sexual identity.

In December 2016, Los Angeles-based rapper Thed Jewel, who raps "My skin is black, sexuality is Fuchsia" said: "There are a lot of rappers that are homosexuals and their day to be open with it will come one way or another".

In August 2018, openly gay member of Brockhampton, Kevin Abstract voiced his efforts to change hip hop's issue with homophobia in an interview with the BBC by stating: "I have to exist in a homophobic space in order to make change and that homophobic space would be the hip hop community. So me just existing and being myself is making change and making things easier for other young queer kids".

In June 2019, Lil Nas X, who performed the hit song "Old Town Road", took the opportunity to publicly come out during Pride Month, making him one of the most visible Black queer male singers to do so, especially in country or hip hop genres, which emphasize machismo and "historically snubbed queer artists". Black queer male artists in hip hop gaining mainstream acceptance are relatively new—preceding Nas X by less than a decade—including Frank Ocean (with his 2012 album Channel Orange), Tyler, the Creator, ILoveMakonnen, Brockhampton frontman Kevin Abstract and Steve Lacy. Black queer female artists have been accepted more readily; while the underground queer hip hop movement goes back to the 1990s.

In June 2022, Teen Vogue'' covered American rapper Saucy Santana - who is both openly queer and feminine. In the interview, Santana discusses of his 2019 song "Material Girl", which ended up going viral on TikTok in late 2021. He also talks about his experience as a Black queer rapper, stating: "Before, I didn't want to be labeled a gay rapper," he recalls, "Then, in the middle of my career, I started to embrace it because I just felt like it was helpful to my culture and to my people."

Notable artists

 070 Shake
 Abdu Ali
 Angel Haze
 Anye Elite
 Backxwash
 Azealia Banks
 Bali Baby
 BbyMutha
 Big Dipper
 Big Freedia
 Big Momma
 Brooke Candy
 Cakes da Killa
 Cazwell
 Mike E. Clark
 D. Smith
 Deadlee
 Deep Dickollective
 D'Lo
 Doechii
 Drebae
 Drew Mason
 Fly Young Red
 Frank Ocean
 God-Des and She
 House of Ladosha
 ILoveMakonnen
 Isaiah Rashad
 Jai'Rouge
 Jay Dillinger (aka Marlon Williams)
 Jesse Dangerously
 Jipsta
 Jonny Makeup
 Jonny McGovern
 Juba Kalamka
 Katastrophe
 Kae Tempest
 Katey Red
 Kaytranada
 Kehlani
 Kevin Abstract
 K.Flay
 Lady Sovereign
 Le1f
 Lil Darkie
 Lil Nas X
 Lil Peep
 Lil Phag
 Lucas Charlie Rose
 Melange Lavonne
 Mykki Blanco
 Nicky da B
 Oliver Twixt
 ppcocaine
 Princess Nokia
 QBoy
 Queen Pen
 Rainbow Flava
 Rainbow Noise
 RoxXxan
 Samantha Ronson
 Saucy Santana
 Saul Williams
 Sissy Nobby
 Sasha Sathya
 Shorty Roc
 Snow Tha Product
 Soce, the elemental wizard
 Solomon
 Steve Lacy
 Syd tha Kid
 Taylor Bennett
 Tim'm T. West
 Titica
 Tori Fixx
 TT the Artist
 Tyler, the Creator
 Willow Smith
 Will Sheridan
 Yo Majesty
 Young M.A.
 Zebra Katz

See also
 African-American culture and sexual orientation
 Homophobia in ethnic minority communities
 Misogyny in rap music

References

Criticism of hip-hop
LGBT-related controversies in music


text:
Dan E. Moldea (born February 27, 1950) is an American best-selling author and investigative journalist who has reported on organized crime and political corruption since 1974.  He is the author of books about the rise and fall of Jimmy Hoffa, the contract killing of an Ohio businessman, the Mafia's penetration of Hollywood, its links to Ronald Reagan, and its influence on professional football, as well as works about the assassination of Senator Robert Kennedy, the O.J. Simpson murder case, the suicide of White House Deputy Counsel Vincent Foster, the Anthony Pellicano wiretapping scandal and prosecution, and corruption in higher education via the student-loan program and for-profit colleges.

The third edition of Confessions of a Guerrilla Writer, Moldea's memoir about his career as a crime reporter, was released in 2020, featuring new information about the Jimmy Hoffa murder case.

Moldea received his bachelor's degree in English and history from the University of Akron where he served as student-body president. He did his post-graduate work at Kent State University where he taught a course, "Racism and Poverty," in the Honors and Experimental College.

Moldea has lectured about "The Mafia in America" at colleges and universities throughout the country and has appeared on numerous national and local radio and television programs.  He was also featured in the 2004 film, The Hunting of the President.

Moldea is a former president of Washington Independent Writers. He is also a former national vice president of the National Writers Union.

In Moldea v New York Times, Moldea sued The New York Times, alleging a review of Interference: How Organized Crime Influences Professional Football was libelous. In 1994, after the lower court dismissed the case, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit reinstated it in an opinion known as Moldea I.  Followed by Moldea II, in what has been described as an unprecedented moment in American jurisprudence, the same appellate court snatched away Moldea's momentary victory, suddenly reversing itself and ruling for the Times.  The U.S. Supreme Court allowed Moldea II to stand.

Since 1998, Moldea, a registered private investigator, has also worked as an independent investigative consultant, participating in, what he has described as, "a wide variety of breathtaking and mind-blowing capers."

Moldea describes himself as "Ahab" and has said that the Jimmy Hoffa murder case is his "white whale."  He is widely regarded as one of the top experts on this crime.

He is of Romanian descent.

Works
The first chapters of Dan Moldea's books are available on his website.

 The Hoffa Wars: Teamsters, Rebels, Politicians, and the Mob (1978)
 1993 edition includes an introduction by Jonathan Kwitny.
 The Hunting of Cain:  A True Story of Money, Greed, and Fratricide (1983)
 Dark Victory: Ronald Reagan, MCA, and the Mob. New York: Open Media (1986)
 Interference: How Organized Crime Influences Professional Football New York: William Morrow & Co. (1989). .
 Killing of Robert F. Kennedy: An Investigation of Motive, Means, and Opportunity. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. (1995). . .
 Evidence Dismissed: The Inside Story of the Police Investigation of O.J. Simpson, with Tom Lange and Philip Vannatter (1997)
 A Washington Tragedy: How the Suicide of Vincent Foster Ignited a Political Firestorm (1998)
 Confessions of a Guerrilla Writer: Adventures in the Jungles of Crime, Politics, and Journalism (2013)
 Hollywood Confidential: A True Story of Wiretapping, Friendship, and Betrayal (2018)
 Money, Politics, and Corruption in U.S. Higher Education: The Stories of Whistleblowers (2020)

References

External links

Official website
Official blog
Dan Moldea at IMDb
Time: "D.C. Madam: Suicide Before Prison" and Moldea's response
Moldea's response to the Probe article. "The Curious Case of Dan Moldea."
Dan Moldea Investigative Journalism Collection, 1937-2008 at George Mason University
 Statement/Rebuttal-Moldea's COPA "Speech" (June 5, 1968), in the Philip H. Melanson research papers at the Claire T. Carney Library Archives and Special Collections, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth.
Moldea v. New York Times
Chronology of events
May 3, 1994 decision
February 18, 1994 decision

American male journalists
American non-fiction writers
Non-fiction writers about organized crime in the United States
American people of Romanian descent
University of Akron alumni
Kent State University alumni
Writers from Akron, Ohio
Journalists from Washington, D.C.
1950 births
Living people
Journalists from Ohio


text:
Jang Na-ra (; born March 18, 1981) is a South Korean singer and actress who has been active in both the South Korean and Chinese entertainment industries since 2001. She rose to prominence with her hit studio album Sweet Dream in 2002, and starred in well-received television series Successful Story of a Bright Girl (2002), My Love Patzzi (2002), Wedding (2005), My Bratty Princess (2005), You Are My Destiny (2014), Confession Couple (2017), The Last Empress (2018–2019), and VIP (2019).

Early life and education
Jang spent most of her childhood in her birthplace, Yeokchon-dong, Eunpyeong District, in Seoul, South Korea. She appeared with her father, Ju Ho-seong, who is also an actor, in the play Les Misérables in her primary school days, thus sparking her interest in becoming an actress. Jang also went on to become a model for television advertisements in her high school days before entering Chung-ang University's Department of Theater, Faculty of Fine Arts where she majored in Theater and Film in March 2000. She graduated 10 years later, on February 19, 2010. The delay was due to her continuous work since her debut after she entered the university. She also received an alumni association award for her contributions to the university during the graduation rites.

Career

Music
Jang made her debut in the entertainment world as a singer in May 2001. She started her singing career by becoming a trainee and by signing a contract with SM Entertainment.

Jang released her debut album First Story with the title track Burying My Face In Tears. Initially, it was not well-received and only reached number 12 in Korean music charts. After starring in the popular sitcom New Nonstop, she became more well-known and released the other tracks in the album such as her pop ballad style song, Confession and the April Story, ranked at the top in various music charts. The album sold 300,000 copies. Jang then became a host for MBC's music show, Music Camp and KBS's talk show Love Story. By the end of 2001, she received several New Female Artist awards from year-end Music Awards ceremonies and New MC awards from Entertainment Awards ceremonies.

In October 2002, Jang released her second album, Jjang Nara Vol.2 Sweet Dream. The song Sweet Dream became immensely popular and reached number 1 in Korean music charts, instantly making Jang a household name. The album also became one of the top selling albums of that year in South Korea. Due to the success of Sweet Dream, Jang won several awards, including two Daesang awards or the Grand Prize (equivalent to Korean Top Artist of the Year) from MBC Music Festival and KBS Music Awards. She also received the Korean Singer of the Year from China's CCTV-MTV Awards in 2003.

In December 2003, Jang released her third album, aptly titled 3rd Story, which included top tracks I am a Woman Too and Is That True?.

Jang released a Best Hits Album in 2004 consisting of songs from her 3 previous albums. She followed it up with her fourth album titled My Story released in December 2004, consisting of hit songs such as I Love School and Winter Diary.

With her popularity in China, she also made a career in music overseas by releasing Chinese-language albums. Her first Chinese album was a huge success, making her the first foreign artist in China with over 1 million copies sold. This was followed by the release of two more Chinese albums, Kungfu (2005) and Flying High (2006).

She returned to the Korean music scene in 2007 with her fifth Korean album entitled She, which consists of medium tempo Masquerade and the dance piece, You & I. The following year, she released a multi-lingual album titled Dream of Asia, which includes 26 songs in 5 languages, including Mandarin, Cantonese, Korean, Japanese, and English. Jang held a mini concert in Beijing to promote the album.
During the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics, Jang was the only singer from a non-Chinese-speaking country to appear in the 2008 Olympic song, Beijing Welcomes You.

In 2009, she released a duet with Jimmy Lin for the soundtrack of their film Flying with You. The track was produced by famed Singaporean musician JJ Lin.
In 2012, four years after releasing Dream of Asia, Jang returned to the Korean music scene with the digital single I Only Think of You. The same year, she released her fourth Chinese album, Love Journey.

On May 20, 2018, Jang Na-Ra performed Sweet Dream, I am a Woman Too, April Story on Sugar Man season 2, which was the highest audience rating among all terrestrial and non-terrestrial programs broadcast at the same time. Sweet Dream by Jang Nara became the most-viewed performing video among all Sugar Man singers.

Acting career
Jang also has a successful acting career. She first appeared in the popular MBC TV sitcom New Nonstop, and received attention for her cute image.

In 2002, Jang landed her first leading role in a drama in SBS's romantic comedy Successful Story of a Bright Girl. The drama was well-received and recorded high audience ratings. She won the Best New TV Actress Award at the 2003 Baeksang Arts Awards. The success of the drama and her hit song "Sweet Dream" launched her to stardom in South Korea that year. The same year, she starred in another romantic comedy series, My Love Patzzi, which also attained high ratings.

In 2003, she made her feature film debut in the film Oh! Happy Day.

In 2004, she came back to the small screen and starred in MBC's weekend drama Love Is All Around, followed by KBS' romance drama Wedding. Wedding, which established Jang as an actress, and she received viewer acclaim for her portrayal of a woman's growth and identity in marriage.

In 2005, with her increasing popularity in China, she made a bold move by moving to China to start her singing and acting career. Her first mainstream Chinese drama was My Bratty Princess.  The success of My Bratty Princess catapulted her as a hallyu or Korean Wave star in China. She made several other drama series in China which includes Good Morning Shanghai in 2007, Iron Masked Singer in 2010, and Unruly Qiao in 2011.

In 2009, she returned to the big screen with Sky and Ocean, playing a gifted violinist with the mental age of a 6-year-old, diagnosed with Savant syndrome. The movie was a commercial failure, and was criticized for Jang's unfair nomination at the Grand Bell Awards even before the movie was released. However, despite the controversy, Jang won the Best Actress for a Foreign Film Award at the 19th China Golden Rooster and Hundred Flowers Awards. The film also became the first Asian film to be invited to the eighth Tirana International Film Festival in Albania, where it won the Media Award.

In May 2011, Jang starred in the KBS romantic-comedy Baby Faced Beauty. This marked her return to Korean screens after six years. The series averaged 10% ratings throughout its run and won favorable reviews. She later won the Excellence Award for an Actress in a mini-series at the 2011 KBS Drama Awards.

The following year, she filmed her first Chinese movie, Flying With You, starring opposite Taiwanese singer and actor Jimmy Lin. She also made a cameo appearance in another Chinese film starring Jaycee Chan titled Whoever. The same year, she appeared together with her father in a Chinese drama entitled Race Course.

In December 2012, Jang reunited with her Baby Faced Beauty co-star Choi Daniel for KBS's teen drama School 2013. She received her second consecutive Excellence Award for an Actress in a mini-series at the 2012 KBS Drama Awards.

After filming for School 2013 concluded, Jang immediately returned to China to film a drama titled Red Palanquin.

The year 2014 proved to be a busy year for Jang with three TV projects under MBC network. In July 2014, Jang played the lead role in You Are My Destiny, the Korean adaptation of the 2008 Taiwanese hit drama Fated to Love You. This TV series reunited her with Jang Hyuk 12 years after both starred in the highly rated drama Successful Story of a Bright Girl. You Are My Destiny was a hit in China and gained 200 million views. Shortly after, Jang starred in a one-episode drama special entitled Old Farewell for MBC's Drama Festival, pairing her once again with Jang Hyuk. She then took on the lead role opposite Shin Ha-kyun in the fantasy-romantic-comedy drama, Mr. Back. She later won the Top Excellence Award at the 2014 MBC Drama Awards for both television series she starred in that year.

In 2015, Jang played a police detective in the mystery thriller Hello Monster. In 2016, she starred in the romantic comedy One More Happy Ending, portraying a former pop idol.

In 2017, Jang was cast in the romantic fantasy drama Confession Couple. The series was a success, and won acclaim from viewers. She also won the Excellence Award for an Actress in a mini-series at the 2017 KBS Drama Awards.

In 2018, Jang was cast in the mystery thriller drama The Last Empress, playing a musical actress who becomes the Empress of a modern-day monarch. The series received high ratings and Jang was praised for her performance with her wide range in acting.

In 2019, Jang returned to the small screen with the office mystery drama VIP. She won the Producer Award for her role as Na Jeong-seon at the 2019 SBS Drama Awards.

In 2020, Jang starred in the romance comedy drama Oh My Baby as manager of a magazine, The Baby.

In 2021, she appeared in the occult TV series Sell Your Haunted House as Hong Ji-ah, an exorcist and CEO of Daebak Realty, a real estate company which only sells haunted properties.

Endorsements
In 2002, Jang was named as 'CF Queen' by various news outlets. This is due to her rising number of product endorsements ranging from telecommunications (KTF),  automobile (KIA Spectra), fashion (SMART uniform), fast food (Popeyes), to alcoholic beverages (잎새주)

In March 2020, it was revealed that Jang had signed an exclusive model contract with air purifier brand 'Clair' back in December 2019. It was revealed that Jang would promote Clair's products not only in Korea but throughout Asia as well.

Jang signed a contract with Korean cosmetic brand 'CharmZone' as an official model, as revealed in April 2020. This was to promote the company's diversification into the inner beauty market.

Personal life
2002 was Jang's year, with best selling albums, multiple endorsements, and highly-rated TV shows under her belt. Her popularity throughout South Korea is massive, often dubbed as Jang Na-ra Syndrome. And eventually, her popularity extended to China and other Asian countries. However, her workload took a toll on her health. She disclosed in an interview on Healing Camp that she suffered from gastric ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, panic disorder, bulimia, and acrophobia due to intense stress and pressure as a celebrity. She also halted her singing activities in 2014 due to stage phobia and focused her work on acting.

Jang belongs to a family of actors. Her father, Ju Ho-seong (real name Jang Yeon-kyo), is a theater actor, producer, and director. He has also been managing Jang's career since her debut. She has her own agency, Rawon Culture, which was established by her father.

Jang is also known for her youthful appearance  and has expressed her Christian faith numerous times at the SBS Drama Awards.

Marriage
On June 3, 2022, Jang announced that she will be marrying her non-celebrity boyfriend, who is six years younger than her. Their private wedding ceremony was held on June 26, 2022.

Charity and other activities
Jang does much charity work such as sending 500 million won worth of commodities and 200 million won worth of powdered milk to the hungry North Korean children. She also established a US$10,000 Jang Na-ra scholarship foundation in the Philippines. She also works with the FHI Charity organization.

She served as the public relations envoy for fair elections in the 2002 South Korean presidential election. She renewed this commitment as she was chosen as one of the honorary public relations ambassadors for the 2017 South Korean presidential election.

In 2004, Jang was named public relations envoy for China by the Embassy in Korea of the People's Republic of China.

In 2007, Jang held a fund-raising concert for child patients of leukemia in China.  The Jang Foundation was established from the money raised during Jang's fan club meeting at her June 9 concert in Beijing, which was held to mark the 15th year of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea. Twelve hundred seats at the concert venue sold out early. After the concert on stage, a Chinese charity organization appointed Jang as a goodwill ambassador, making her the first foreigner to receive such an honor. The same year, she was appointed as one of the goodwill ambassadors for the China-ROK Exchange Year.

In the aftermath of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, Jang donated 150,000 dollars to a charity organization in China and 8 billion won of clothing for the victims.

In June 2010, Jang was appointed as an associate professor at the Beijing Huajia University.

In 2011, Jang was appointed as Seoul's Gangnam-gu's ambassador to promote tourism in the area.

Jang is also known to contribute her talent in singing for charitable causes. In 2013, she recorded a TV campaign song named "Nanoom Song" for the Community Chest of Korea. She also performed with Jackie Chan at his charity concert "Jackie Chan and his friends" on June 24, 2006, at Nanjing, Jiangsu province of China.

In 2015, Jang was recognized for her charity activities by the Ministry of Health and Welfare.

In 2017, it was revealed that Jang had secretly donated more than 13 billion won, or close to 12 million US dollars, since her debut in 2001 to various charities, disaster reliefs, and academic organizations. She is also known to have a big affection for animals. Aside from donating money to animal shelters, she also participates at charity events for animal care and volunteers actively for such things as cleaning sick dogs' shelters.

Discography

Korean studio albums

Chinese studio albums

Collaborative and compilation albums

Singles

Filmography

Awards and nominations

State honors

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
Actresses from Seoul
Singers from Seoul
Chung-Ang University alumni
South Korean rock singers
K-pop singers
South Korean mandopop singers
South Korean women pop singers
South Korean female idols
South Korean film actresses
South Korean television actresses
MAMA Award winners
21st-century South Korean singers
21st-century South Korean women singers


text:
Samuel Erastus May (* 4. August 1826 in Pawtucket, Rhode Island; † 1894 in Chicago, Illinois) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker (Republikanische Partei).

Werdegang
Samuel Erastus May, Sohn von Sarah Elizabeth Fisher (1800–1826) und Elisha E. May (* 1801), wurde in den 1820er Jahren in Pawtucket geboren, das damals noch Teil von Massachusetts war. Seine Jugendjahre waren von der Wirtschaftskrise von 1837 und dem folgenden Mexikanisch-Amerikanischen Krieg überschattet. Er erhielt eine akademische Ausbildung. Dann half er seinem Vater bis September 1849 bei der Baumwollherstellung. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt zog er nach Kalifornien und von dort 1851 oder 1853 in das Oregon-Territorium, wo er eine Filiale der Adams Express Company errichtete. Von 1855 bis 1858 war er Chief Clerk im Commissary Department. Während dieser Zeit heiratete er Rebecca Shinn Parrish (1834–1909) aus Ohio. Das Paar bekam alle ihre drei Kinder in Salem (Oregon). In der Folgezeit ließ sich das Paar wieder scheiden.

Bei den Wahlen im Jahr 1862 wurde er zum Secretary of State von Oregon gewählt und 1866 wiedergewählt. Er bekleidete den Posten vom 8. September 1862 bis zum 10. September 1870. Die erste Hälfte seiner Amtszeit war vom Bürgerkrieg überschattet. Nach dem Ende des Krieges war eine seiner Aufgaben dem State Department in Washington, D.C. die Fortschritte betreffend der Umsetzung des 13. Zusatzartikels zur Verfassung der Vereinigten Staaten in der Gesetzgebung von Oregon zu berichten. Die Antwort wurde in öffentlichen Zeitungen bekannt gegeben:

Nach dem Ende seiner Amtszeit als Secretary of State von Oregon zog er in das Utah-Territorium. Dort eröffnete er in Salt Lake City (Utah) ein Büro als Notar, wo er bis 1877 lebte. Später zog er nach Chicago (Illinois). Dort heiratete er Emma Adams Gale (1856–1905).

Einzelnachweise

Secretary of State (Oregon)
Mitglied der Republikanischen Partei
US-Amerikaner
Geboren im 19. Jahrhundert
Gestorben im 19. Jahrhundert
Mann


text:
Vet aquí la llista de llengües oficials de Rússia. El rus és la llengua oficial a tota la Federació Russa. La resta de llengües són oficials en els seus corresponents territoris.

 abazí (a Karatxai-Txerkèssia)
 adigué (a Adiguèsia)
 altai (a l'Altai)
 baixkir (a Baixkíria)
 buriat (a Buriàtia)
 calmuc (a Calmúquia)
 erzya (a Mordòvia)
 iacut (a Sakhà)
 ingúix (a Ingúixia)
 kabardí (a Kabardino-Balkària i Karatxai-Txerkèssia)
 karatxai-balkar (a Kabardino-Balkària i Karatxai-Txerkèssia)
 khakàs (a Khakàssia)
 komi (a Komi)
 marí (a Marí El)
 mokxa (a Mordòvia)
 nogai (a Karatxai-Txerkèssia)
 osseta (a Ossètia del Nord - Alània)
 tàtar (al Tatarstan)
 tuvinià (a Tuvà)
 txetxè (a Txetxènia)
 txuvaix (a Txuvàixia)
 udmurt (a Udmúrtia)

A més a més, la constitució del Daguestan defineix com a llengües oficials: el rus i les llengües dels pobles del Dagestan, però no incorpora la llista d'aquestes llengües. Al Daguestan hi ha 13 llengües escrites i que per això s'acostumen a considerar les llengües oficials:
 agul
 àvar
 àzeri (llengua oficial també de l'Azerbaidjan)
 darguà
 kumyk
 lak
 lesguià
 nogai (llengua oficial també de Karatxai-Txerkèssia)
 rútul
 tabassaran
 tati
 tsakhur
 txetxè (llengua oficial també de Txetxènia)

Amb la Crisi de Crimea, l'estatus internacional de Crimea no està resolt, però segons la Federació Russa, forma part del seu territori com a República de Crimea i ciutat federal de Sebastòpol. La República de Crimea reconeix com a idiomes oficials, a més del rus:
 tàtar de Crimea
 ucraïnès

Idiomes reconeguts
Diversos subjectes federals russos han reconegut drets per a protegir idiomes minoritaris de les seves regions. Són els següents:
 buriat (al districte dels Aga Buriàtia i Ust-Orda Buriàtia)
 carelià (a Carèlia)
 dolgan (a Sakhà)
 even (a Sakhà)
 evenki (a Evenkia i Sakhà)
 finès (a Carèlia)
 ídix (a la província autònoma dels Hebreus)
 iurac (a Nenètsia, Iamàlia i Khàntia-Mànsia)
 kazakh (a l'Altai)
 khanti (a Khàntia-Mànsia)
 komi-permià (a Permiàkia)
 koriak (a Koriàkia)
 mansi (a Khàntia-Mànsia)
 selkup (a Iamàlia)
 txuktxi (a Txukotka)
 vepse (a Carèlia)
 les llengües iukaguirs (a Sakhà)

Vegeu també
 Llista de llengües de Rússia

Enllaços externs
 http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=RUA
 http://www.peoples.org.ru/eng_index.html
 http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd_eng.php
 http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=RUE

Llengues Oficials De Russia


text:
Rhadinothamnus anceps är en vinruteväxtart som först beskrevs av Dc., och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Paul G. Wilson. Rhadinothamnus anceps ingår i släktet Rhadinothamnus och familjen vinruteväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Vinruteväxter
anceps


text:
In Nomine Satanas è il quarto album in studio del gruppo black metal norvegese Ragnarok, pubblicato nel 2002.

Tracce

Formazione
Lord Arcamous - voce, chitarra
Rym - chitarra
Jerv - basso
Jontho - batteria

Collegamenti esterni


text:
La Unión Democrática Timorense o UDT (en portugués União Democrática Timorense) es un partido político de Timor Oriental fundado el 25 de mayo de 1974 por Francisco Lopes da Cruz.

Fue el primer partido político organizado de Timor Oriental, en sus inicios apoyaba un lazo de continuidad con Portugal pero luego cambió su postura y apoyó al Frente Revolucionario de Timor Oriental Independiente (FRETILIN) para lograr la independencia política del país. Luego la alianza se rompería y algunos de sus líderes serían asesinados o forzados al exilio. Se organizaron en Portugal en los años noventa y en 1998 apoyaron la campaña de independencia de Timor Oriental de Indonesia.

En las elecciones parlamentarias de agosto de 2001 consiguen 2 de los 88 curules pasando a ser la quinta fuerza política más grande del país. João Viegas Carrascalão presidente de UDT se lanza a las elecciones presidenciales de 2007 quedando en el último lugar con el 1,72 % de los votos concentrando su fuerza política principalmente en Ainaro, Liquiçá y Manatuto donde su votación fue entre el 3,2 y el 4,3 %. En las elecciones al Parlamento Nacional solo consiguieron el 1 % de los votos.

Véase también
 Partidos políticos de Timor Oriental

Partidos políticos de Timor Oriental
Partidos políticos fundados en 1974


text:
Мали́новка (, ) — присілок у Чувашії Російської Федерації, у складі Моргауського сільського поселення Моргауського району.

Населення — 110 осіб (2010; 123 в 2002, 129 в 1979; 131 в 1948). Національний склад — чуваші, росіяни, татари.

Історія
Присілок утворився 1947 року у зв'язку з розукрупненням артілі «Авангард» села Моргауші. 10 квітня 1948 року утворено артіль «Зоря». 1959 року присілок увійшов до складу Сундирського району, 1962 року — до складу Чебоксарського, 1964 року — повернутий до складу Моргауського району.

Примітки

Посилання
 На Вікімапії
 Чуваська енциклопедія

Населені пункти Моргауського району
Присілки Чувашії


text:
Aulacoserica minor är en skalbaggsart som beskrevs av Frey 1974. Aulacoserica minor ingår i släktet Aulacoserica och familjen Melolonthidae. Inga underarter finns listade.

Källor

Skalbaggar
minor


text:
David Alejandro Oteo Rojas (ur. 27 lipca 1973 w mieście Meksyk) – meksykański piłkarz najczęściej grający na pozycji środkowego obrońcy. Obecnie gra w Guerreros.

Kariera klubowa
Oteo jest wychowankiem UNAM Pumas, w którym zadebiutował 15 sierpnia 1992 w spotkaniu z Tolucą (4:0). Po siedmiu latach gry w drużynie Pumas przeniósł się do Tigres UANL. W 2004 roku został zawodnikiem Toluki, jednak rozegrał w niej tylko jeden sezon – Apertura 2004. Następnie został zawodnikiem Atlante, a później występował w drugoligowych Veracruz i Guerreros.

Kariera reprezentacyjna
David Oteo z reprezentacją Meksyku brał udział w Letnich Igrzyskach Olimpijskich 1996, Pucharze Konfederacji 2001 i Copa América 2004. W kadrze narodowej grał w latach 1996–2004 – zdobył w tym czasie jednego gola w 12 meczach.

Gole w reprezentacji

Linki zewnętrzne
 Profil na nationalfootballteams.com
 Profil na mediotiempo.com

Urodzeni w 1973
Reprezentanci Meksyku w piłce nożnej
Piłkarze Pumas UNAM
Piłkarze Tigres UANL
Piłkarze Deportivo Toluca FC
Piłkarze Atlante FC
Piłkarze Tiburones Rojos de Veracruz
Uczestnicy Pucharu Konfederacji w piłce nożnej 2001
Uczestnicy Copa América 2004
Piłkarze Guerreros FC
Ludzie urodzeni w mieście Meksyk


text:
Biografia
Cai Xia è nata nell'ottobre 1952 a Changzhou, nella provincia di Jiangsu, ed è cresciuta in una famiglia con stretti legami con l'esercito, in cui ha prestato servizio dal 1969 al 1978 prima di entrare nel PCC nel 1982. Nel 1980, Cai Xia divenne vice presidente del sindacato della fabbrica e direttore dell'ufficio di pianificazione familiare. Nel 1984 ha partecipato a un programma di due anni in teoria marxista e storia del PCC presso la Scuola municipale del partito di Suzhou. Alla fine si è indirizzata al mondo accademico, conseguendo un dottorato in legge alla Central Party School nel 1998.  Specializzata nei campi dell'ideologia del partito, ha pubblicato oltre 60 articoli accademici tra il 1989 e il 2020.  Nel 2012, è stata professoressa presso la Scuola centrale del partito, ritirandosi lo stesso anno dopo 15 anni di servizio.

Secondo un articolo di agosto 2020 su The Guardian, Cai ha iniziato a dubitare dell'ortodossia del partito nei primi anni 2000, quando ha assistito l'allora segretario generale del PCC Jiang Zemin nella stesura della sua teoria dei Tre Rappresentanti. A quel tempo era spesso presente nei media cinesi, sostenendo opinioni liberali tra cui l'apertura del PCC a più uomini d'affari e professionisti. La sua fede nel Partito Comunista fu notevolmente scossa dopo un viaggio in Spagna dove studiò la transizione spagnola verso la democrazia e la paragonò alla Cina, notando che Mao e Franco erano morti in momenti simili, ma i successori di Franco erano rapidamente e con successo arrivati ad una democrazia stabile mentre i successori di Mao avevano creato un'economia ibrida confusa e ignorato completamente la riforma politica.

Per alcuni anni ha continuato a credere nella capacità del PCC di risolvere i suoi problemi attraverso le riforme, ma le sue speranze sono gradualmente sparite  dopo che Xi Jinping è andato al potere nel 2012 e ha implementato misure che Cai vedeva andare nella direzione sbagliata. Nel 2013, ha scritto un saggio in difesa di Charles Xue (Xue Manzi) dopo che Xue era stato arrestato con l'accusa di aver sollecitato una prostituta e costretto a fare confessioni televisiva. Nell'articolo, che circolava ampiamente sul sito di microblogging Weibo, Cai ha sostenuto che il reato non era una questione privata di alcuna conseguenza per il pubblico e ha chiesto una discussione sulla protezione dei diritti individuali. Nel 2016, ha scritto un articolo in difesa di Ren Zhiqiang, che è stato messo in libertà vigilata dopo le pesanti critiche di quest'ultimo alle dichiarazioni del leader del PCC Xi Jinping sul ruolo dei media cinesi. Questi e altri saggi furono successivamente rimossi dai censori di Internet. In un'intervista dell'agosto 2020, dopo il suo trasferimento negli Stati Uniti, Cai ha detto che l'incidente che aveva cancellato tutta la sua fiducia rimanente nel partito era la gestione da parte delle autorità cinesi della morte dell'ambientalista Lei Yang sotto custodia della polizia. In un saggio datato 25 luglio 2020, pubblicato da Radio Free Asia, ha denunciato il trattamento di Xu Zhangrun, che era stato detenuto all'inizio di quel mese, come "apertamente intimidatorio per tutti nella comunità accademica cinese".

Espulsione dal PCC
Il 17 agosto 2020, l'iscrizione di Cai al PCC è stata rescissa e le sue prestazioni pensionistiche sono state eliminate. Si presume che ciò sia in relazione a una registrazione audio volutamente trapelata in cui lei denuncia il segretario generale del PCC Xi Jinping come un "boss mafioso" che dovrebbe essere sostituito e il PCC come uno "zombie politico". Cai, che risiedeva già negli Stati Uniti al momento dell'espulsione, disse al New York Times che aveva contemplato di dimettersi dal PCC da molto prima, e accolse con favore di non essere più un membro del partito, dicendo che le aveva permesso di riconquistare la libertà.

Il 23 agosto 2020, in un'intervista alla CNN, Cai Xia ha espresso sostegno per il divieto del governo degli Stati Uniti su Huawei e ha proposto al governo statunitense di imporre sanzioni ai funzionari del PCC, mentre chiedeva alla comunità internazionale di impedire al PCC di infiltrarsi nelle organizzazioni internazionali.

Cai Xia ha esortato gli Stati Uniti ad abbandonare le speranze "ingenue" di impegnarsi con Pechino, avvertendo che la leadership cinese è più fragile di quanto sembri. Nel giugno 2021, Cai ha pubblicato un lungo articolo sulle relazioni sino-americane presso l'Hoover Institution, sostenendo che "il desiderio di "impegno" deve essere sostituito da misure difensive rigide per proteggere gli Stati Uniti dall'aggressione del PCC poiché il Partito Comunista Cinese è molto più fragile di quanto gli americani presumono".

Larry Diamond, senior fellow di Hoover, ha commentato che il documento di Cai è "di grande importanza storica e politica", aggiungendo: "Per la prima volta, abbiamo una figura importante dall'interno del sistema del Partito Comunista Cinese che conferma coraggiosamente ciò che molti studiosi americani della Cina hanno recentemente sostenuto: i leader del PCC non hanno mai visto l'impegno cooperativo con gli Stati Uniti come nient'altro che una tattica temporanea per consentire loro di accumulare la forza di perseguire il dominio regionale e globale".

Note

Altri progetti


text:
A Broadchurch egy 2013-ban indult brit krimisorozat, mely három évad után, 2017-ben ért véget. A sorozatban Ellie Miller és Alec Hardy három, egymással hol szorosan, hol tágan összefüggő nyomozásait kísérhetjük figyelemmel.

A nyomozópáros az első évadban Danny Latimer gyilkosa után nyomoz Broadchurchben. Ellie-nek nincs könnyű dolga, hiszen ő is Broadchurchben él, tehát a közösség tagja, melyet mélyen megrázott Danny halála. A második évadban Danny gyilkosának tárgyalását követhetjük nyomon, miközben Alec Hardy egy megoldatlan ügye, a Sandbrook-ügy újra előtérbe kerül, majd az évad végén le is zárul. A harmadik évadban Trish Winterman megerőszakolóját keresi Ellie és Alec.

Gyártás
A Broadchurch gyártója a Kudos Film és televízió, ami a sorozatot az ITV-nek gyártotta. Írója Chris Chibnall. A sorozat 2013. március 4. és 2017. április 17. között futott. A producer az első két évadban Richard Stokes és a harmadik évadban Dan Winch. A rendezés több rendező nevéhez kötődik: James Strong, Paul Andrew Williams, Euros Lynn, Mike Barker, Jessice Hobbs, Jonathan Teplitzky, Daniel Nettheim, Lewis Arnold. Chris Chibnall szerint a harmadik évaddal végleg lezárult a történet és nem kíván újabb évadot készíteni. A brit televíziós sorozat amerikai változatát a BBC America készítette el, de a 2014-ben, szintén David Tennant főszereplésével és Chris Chibnall rendezésében bemutatott Gracepoint csak egyetlen évadot élt meg.

Szereplők

Állandó szereplők
DS Ellie Miller – Olivia Colman
DI Alec Hardy – David Tennant
Beth Latimer – Jodie Whittaker
Mark Latimer – Andrew Buchan
Carolyn Pickles – Maggie Radcliffe
Reverand Paul Coates – Arthur Darvill
Chloe Latimer – Charlotte Beamont
Tom Miller – Adam Wilson
Fred Miller – Benji Yapp
Nigel "Nige" Carter – Joe Sims
Joe Miller – Matthew Gravelle

Az első évad további szereplői
Danny Latimer (Oskar McNamara)
Liz Roper (Susan Brown)
Lucy Stevens (Tanya Franks)
Chief Superintendent Elaine Jenkinson (Tracey Childs)
Oliver "Olly" Stevens (Jonathan Bailey)
Karen White (Vicky McClure)
Len Danvers (Simon Rouse)
Susan Wright (Pauline Quirke)
Jack Marshall (David Bradley)
Dean Thomas (Jacob Anderson)
Becca Fisher (Simone McAullay)
Steve Connelly (Will Mellor)

Fogadtatás
Mind a kritikusok, mind a nézők jól fogadták a sorozatot. A Broadchurch epizódonként körülbelül 9 millió nézőt hozott az ITV-nek.

Szakmai elismerések

Díjak

 BAFTA 2014- drámasorozat – Broadchurch
 BAFTA 2014- zeneszerző – Olafur Arnalds
 BAFTA 2014 – színésznő – Olivia Colman
 BAFTA 2014 – mellékszereplő – David Bradley
 Broadcast Award 2014 – legjobb drámasorozat
 Broadcast Award for International Programme Sales
 Broadcasting Press Guild 2014 – legjobb író – Chris Chibnall
 Broadcasting Press Guild 2014 – legjobb színésznő – OIivia Colman
 Broadcasting Press Guild 2014 – dráma – Broadchurch
 Crime Thriller Awards 2013 – TV Dagger
 Crime Thriller Awards 2013 – legjobb férfi főszereplő – David Tennant
 Crime Thriller Awards 2013 – legjobb női főszereplő – Olivia Colman
 Crime Thriller Awards 2013 – legjobb mellékszereplő – Andrew Buchan
 Edinburgh International TV Festival 2013 – Új programnak járó díj
 Edinburgh International TV Festival 2013 – Az év kiemelkedő tehetsége – Chris Chibnall
 Freesat 2013- legjobb brit sorozatnak járó díj
 Peabody Award 2013
 Royal Television Society 2014 – drámasorozat
 Royal Television Society 2014 – színésznő – Olivia Colman 2014
 Royal Television Society West of England 2013 – író – Chris Chibnall
 South Bank Sky Arts Award 2014 – TV dráma
 Televisual Bulldog Award 2014 – legjobb dráma
 Televisual Bulldog Award 2014 – legjobb zene
 TV Choice 2017 legjobb dráma
 TV Choice 2017 – legjobb színész – David Tennant
 TV Choice 2017- legjobb színésznő – Olivia Colman

Jelölések

 BAFTA Nominee 2014 – rendező – James Strong
 BAFTA Nominee 2018 – legjobb mellékszereplő – Julie Hesmondhalgh
 Crime Thriller Awards 2013 – legjobb női mellékszereplő jelölés – Jodie Whittaker
 Crime Thriller Awards Nominee 2013 – legjobb női mellékszereplő jelölés – Pauline Quirke
 International Emmy Awards Nominee 2014 – legjobb női főszereplő jelölés – Olivia Colman
 Monte Carlo Television Festival 2013 – legjobb mini sorozat
 Monte Carlo Television Festival 2013- kiváló színész jelölés – David Tennant
 Monte Carlo Television Festival 2013 – kiváló színésznő jelölés – Olivia Colman
 National Television Awards 2016 – legjobb dráma
 Royal Television Society Actress 2014 – Jodie Whittaker
 Royal Television Society Writer 2014 – Chris Chibnall
 Royal Televison Society West of England Cinematography 2014 – Matt Gray
 Writers Guild of Great Britain TV Drama Series Writer 2013 – Chris Chibnall

Epizódok

Első évad (2013)

Magyarországi megjelenés
A sorozatot Magyarországon televíziós csatorna nem sugározta, azonban a Netflix magyarországi csatornáján megtalálható, de nem készült hozzá sem magyar felirat, sem pedig szinkron. Ez azért is lehet furcsa, mert a történetben számos olyan színész játszik, aki ismerős lehet a magyar nézőközönségnek. Például Ellie Miller szerepében Olivia Colman, aki 2019-ben A kedvenc című filmben nyújtott alakításáért kapta meg a legjobb női főszereplőnek járó Oscar-díjat. A másik főszereplőt pedig az a David Tennant formálta meg, aki a hazai közönségnek leginkább a Harry Potter és a Tűz Serlege című film ifj. Barty Kuporjaként ismerhet. A Jack Marshallt alakító David Bradley szintén a Harry Potter-filmekből lehet ismerős, hiszen ő formálta meg Argus Friccs urat. A második évadban feltűnő Phoebe-Waller Bridge pedig a Solo – Egy Star Wars-történet, illetve a Fleabag című sorozatból lehet ismerős.

Jegyzetek

További információk

2013-ban bemutatott brit televíziós sorozatok
2017-ben befejezett brit televíziós sorozatok
Brit bűnügyi filmek
Az ITV saját gyártású műsorai


text:
5275 Zdislava è un asteroide areosecante. Scoperto nel 1986, presenta un'orbita caratterizzata da un semiasse maggiore pari a 2,1994349 UA e da un'eccentricità di 0,2547560, inclinata di 6,05445° rispetto all'eclittica.

L'asteroide è dedicato a Zdislava Berka, nobildonna boema venerata come santa dalla chiesa cattolica.

Collegamenti esterni

Corpi celesti scoperti nel 1986
Zdislava


text:
Women's 400 m Freestyle - Final

Women's 400 m Freestyle - Heats

Women's 400 m Freestyle - Heat 01

Women's 400 m Freestyle - Heat 02

Women's 400 m Freestyle - Heat 03

400 metres freestyle
2006 in women's swimming


text:
Il vulcano San Vicente, chiamato in nahuatl (lingua locale) Chinchontepec Montagna dei due seni, è un vulcano esplosivo nel Salvador posto tra i dipartimenti di San Vicente e La Paz, alto  m con la sua vetta più alta e  m con la minore; è attualmente spento.

Nel versante sud, alla base del vulcano, sono presenti sorgenti di acque termali, chiamate piccolo inferno, per le colonne di vapore acqueo e solfureo che emanano.

Nonostante il vulcano sia attualmente spento la sua pericolosità è dovuta a colate di fango che periodicamente si verificano in occasione di forti precipitazioni. Le pendici, costituite in gran parte da ceneri, risultano particolarmente instabili e soggette a colate che recentemente hanno provocato anche vittime.

Note

Altri progetti

Vulcani di El Salvador


text:
The 1955–56 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represented Indiana University. Their head coach was Branch McCracken, who was in his 15th year. The team played its home games in The Fieldhouse in Bloomington, Indiana, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.

The Hoosiers finished the regular season with an overall record of 13–9 and a conference record of 6–8, finishing 6th in the Big Ten Conference. Indiana was not invited to participate in any postseason tournament.

Roster

Schedule/Results

|-
!colspan=8| Regular Season
|-

References

Indiana Hoosiers
Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball seasons
1955 in sports in Indiana
1956 in sports in Indiana


text:
Die Gewinner des IIFA Best Background Score Award waren:

Hintergrundmusik
Erstverleihung 2000


text:
Laurence John Fishburne (* 30. červenec 1961 Augusta) je americký herec.

Proslavil se především rolí Morphea ve sci-fi trilogii Matrix, Perryho Whitea v supermanském snímku Muž z oceli či vyšetřovatele Raymonda Langstona v 9-11 sérii seriálu Kriminálka Las Vegas. Kasovním trhákem byl i snímek Mystic River z roku 2003. V Hollywoodu prorazil roku 1979 díky dramatu Francise Forda Coppoly z vietnamské války Apocalypse Now. Za roli Ike Turnera v životopisném snímku o zpěvačce Tině Turnerové What's Love Got to Do with It byl roku 1994 nominován na Oscara. Dvakrát získal televizní cenu Emmy, roku 1997 za televizní film Miss Evers' Boys, roku 1993 za seriál TriBeCa. V roce 1992 získal též divadelní cenu Tony za představení Two Trains Running. Ke krimi Once in the Life napsal scénář a celý film i režíroval.

V počátcích své kariéry vystupoval pod jménem Larry Fishburne. Je manželem herečky Giny Torresové, kterou poznal při natáčení druhé části Matrixu, The Matrix Reloaded.

Odkazy

Externí odkazy

 Portrét na Biography.com
 Heslo v encyklopedii Britannica

Američtí herci
Afroameričané
Narození v roce 1961
Narození v Augustě (Georgie)
Žijící lidé
Muži
Narození 30. července
Držitelé ceny Drama Desk
Držitelé ceny Emmy za nejlepší mužský herecký výkon v hostující roli (drama)


text:
Germinal és una pel·lícula francobelga, adaptació de la novel·la homònima d'Émile Zola, dirigida per Claude Berri i estrenada el 1993. Ha estat doblada al català.

Argument
La història té lloc en una colònia minera al nord de l'Estat fràncès, a finals del . Etienne Lantier (Renaud), un maquinista a l'atur, arriba a la ciutat i troba un lloc per quedar-se amb la família de Maheu (Gérard Depardieu). Ell s'enamora de la filla gran de Maheu, Catherine (Judith Henry). A la mina de carbó de Le Voreux troba un lloc de treball, però aviat coneix de primera mà les condicions inhumanes de feina, tan paupèrrimes que proposa als miners de dur a terme una vaga per augmentar el salari.

La vaga, que proposa Étienne, porta problemes a tota la indústria del carbó de la regió. Els burgesos, com els treballadors no van a treballar, contracten miners belgues i es despreocupen dels miners francesos. Els treballadors estan indignats i decideixen anar tots junts contra els militars que vigilen les mines. Es pot observar una escena que recorda el conegut quadre El Quart Estat de Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo. Hi ha un tiroteig en el qual diversos insurgents, entre ells Maheu i el seu fill petit, moren. A causa de la fam i la desesperació, els vaguistes finalment tornen al seu lloc de treball cobrant encara menys.

Souvarine (Laurent Terzieff) l'anarquista, saboteja la mina i la inunda, la qual cosa desemboca en un col·lapse. Etienne se salva, però Catherine i el seu ex-xicot, Chaval (Jean-Roger Milo), moren a l'interior. Finalment es veu Maheude (Miou-Miou) que torna a la feina a les mines, l'única dona coratjosa que no s'ha detingut davant de res i ha demostrat ser una gran lluitadora. Etienne se'n va a divulgar el marxisme a un altre lloc.

Personatges
 Etienne Lantier, interpretat per Renaud, és un obrer que va a la mina en busca de treball, la situació en què es veu envoltat provoca que amb Toussiant liderin una vaga. Abans d'això, organitza una caixa de resistència per poder disposar-ne. La seva ideologia es marxista, està a favor de la Internacional i parla sobre ella diverses vegades. És un home que no es deixarà esclavitzar i acabarà anant-se'n de Le Voreux.
 Toussiant Maheu, interpretat per Gerard Depardieu, és el pare de família dels Maheu, porta una vida rutinària de treball a la mina i és un pencaire exemplar. Després de conèixer Lantier es deixa influir pels seus pensaments revolucionaris, que el portaran a liderar la vaga i, en aquesta defensa del proletariat, a deixar-hi la vida.
 La Maheude, interpretada per Miou-Miou, és l'esposa de Toussiant, s'ocupa de la família i de la casa però no treballa a la mina. A causa de la rebaixa del preu pagat per vagoneta de carbó, defensa la vaga fins al final. És una dona de caràcter fort. Després de perdre una part de la seva família, acaba treballant a la mina, per poder viure.
 Catherine, interpretada per Judith Henry, és una noia de caràcter dèbil que es veu sempre lligada a un home que la maltracta tant físicament com psicològicament, acaba arrossegant-se rere ell a treballar i la seva família la repudia. A l'atemptat de la mina mor.
 Chaval, interpretat per Jean-Roger Milo, és l'home de la Catherine, és dominador i fals. En principi vol ajudar el moviment dels miners, però el pot la cobdícia i no convoca cap vaga a la seva mina. Sempre creu que té raó. Acaba mort a l'atemptat de la mina.
 Rasseneur, interpretat per Jean-Pierre Bisson, és l'encarregat de l'hostal que ràpidament estableix una amistat amb Lantier i està a favor de fer una vaga immediata sigui com sigui.
 Souverine, interpretat per Laurent Terzieff, apareix principalment a la taverna, sempre solitari i llegint el diari. És un dels pocs que sap llegir, escolta les conversacions sobre política que tenen els obrers i sempre s'involucra criticant el marxisme. Defensa un sistema sense caps, ni obrers ni burgesos, i un estat igualitari, i prefereix la destrucció de la societat a la pujada del poder dels obrers, ja que creu que tornaran a oblidar-se dels menys privilegiats i només miraran pel seu bé. Souverine és un anarquista violent i provoca un atemptat a la mina mitjançant un sabotatge.
 Hennebeau, interpretat per Dacqmine Jacques, és el director de la mina. Un burgès ric. S'oposa a les reivindicacions dels obrers, és egoista, i creu que ajuda als obrers deixant-los les cases, però no s'adona o no vol adonar-se que els diners de les cases li són retornats quan els obrers van a comprar a la botiga de la colònia minera i en forma de plusvàlua.

Premis
La pel·lícula va obtenir el 1994 dotze nominacions als Premi César i en va guanyar dos: Millor fotografia i Millor vestuari. Les altres deu nominacions van ser en les següents categories: Millor pel·lícula, Millor director, Millor actriu (Miou-Miou), Millor actor de repartiment (Jean-Roger Milo), Millor actriu de repartiment (Judith Henry), Millor guió, Millor banda sonora, Millor so, art i Millor muntatge.

Vegeu també
 Revolució Industrial
 Marxisme
 Anarquisme
 Socialisme

Referències

Enllaços externs
 Fitxa de la pel·lícula a AlloCiné

Pel·lícules de Bèlgica
Pel·lícules de França del 1993
Pel·lícules d'Itàlia del 1993
Pel·lícules basades en novel·les


text:
The Feast of the Most Precious Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ is a feast, which has been in the General Roman Calendar from 1849 to 1969. It is focused on the Blood of Christ and its salvific nature.

History
The feast, celebrated in Spain in the 16th century, was later introduced to Italy by Saint Gaspar del Bufalo.

For many dioceses, there were two days to which the office of the Precious Blood was assigned, the office for both being the same. The reason was that the office was at first granted only to the Fathers of the Most Precious Blood. Later, as one of the offices of the Fridays of Lent, it was assigned to the Friday after the fourth Sunday in Lent (Laetare Sunday) in some dioceses, including, by decision of the Fourth Provincial Council of Baltimore (1840), those in the United States.

When Pope Pius IX went into exile at Gaeta in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1849), he had as his companion Father Giovanni Merlini, the third superior general of the Fathers of the Most Precious Blood. After they had arrived at Gaeta, Don Merlini suggested that the pope make a vow to extend the feast of the Precious Blood to the entire church, if he would again recover possession of the Papal States. The pope took the matter into consideration, but a few days later, on 30 June 1849, the day the French army conquered Rome and the insurgents of the Roman Republic capitulated, he sent Monsignor Joseph Stella to Father Merlini with the message: "The pope does not deem it expedient to bind himself by a vow; instead His Holiness is pleased to extend the feast immediately to all Christendom."

On 10 August of the same year, Pope Pius officially included the Feast of the Most Precious Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ in the General Roman Calendar, for celebration on the first Sunday in July, that is the first Sunday after 30 June, which is the anniversary of the liberation of the city of Rome from the insurgents.

In reducing the number of feasts fixed for Sundays, Pope Pius X assigned the date of 1 July to this feast. In 1933, Pope Pius XI raised the feast to the rank of Double of the 1st Class to mark the 1,900th anniversary of Jesus's passion. In Pope John XXIII's 1960 revision of the General Roman Calendar, it was made a Class I Feast (see General Roman Calendar of 1960).

The feast was removed from the General Roman calendar in 1969, "because the Most Precious Blood of Christ the Redeemer is already venerated in the solemnities of the Passion, of Corpus Christi, of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, and in the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross. But the Mass of the Most Precious Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ is placed among the Votive Masses".

The feast nonetheless continues to be celebrated as a solemnity in calendars of some religious orders such as the Missionaries of the Precious Blood, the Congregation of the Passion of Jesus Christ, and the Adorers of the Blood of Christ. Furthermore, it is celebrated by parishes and communities that observe the 1962 Calendar.
The whole month of July is still kept dedicated to the Most Precious Blood.

Significance
In Catholic belief, the Blood of Christ is precious because it is Christ's own great ransom paid for the redemption of mankind. In this belief, as there was to be no remission of sin without the shedding of blood, the "Incarnate Word" not only offered his life for the salvation of the world, but he offered to give up his life by a bloody death, and to hang bloodless, soulless and dead upon the Cross for the salvation of humanity. Jesus is said to have given his life – his blood – for the sake of all humanity, atoning for every form of human sin. The devotion to the Most Precious Blood is thus understood to be a call to repentance and reparation.

Liturgy
The collect for the Votive Mass of the Precious Blood is as follows:"O God, who by the Precious Blood of your Only Begotten Son have redeemed the whole world, preserve in us the work of your mercy, so that ever honouring the mystery of our salvation, we may merit to obtain its fruits. Through Our Lord …

The readings are taken from Exodus 24, 3–8 and John 19, 31–37 (the Descent from the Cross). The hymn at Lauds is the Salvete Christi Vulnera ("Hail, Ye Wounds of Christ") which is dated to at least 1798.

References

Attribution

External links
Catholic Encyclopedia: Feast of the Most Precious Blood

Catholic holy days
Blood of Christ


text:
__БЕЗКН__

161 Athor је астероид главног астероидног појаса са пречником од приближно 44,19 km.
Афел астероида је на удаљености од 2,706 астрономских јединица (АЈ) од Сунца, а перихел на 2,050 АЈ.

Ексцентрицитет орбите износи 0,137, инклинација (нагиб) орбите у односу на раван еклиптике 9,056 степени, а орбитални период износи 1340,082 дана (3,668 године).
Апсолутна магнитуда астероида је 9,15 а геометријски албедо 0,198.

Астероид је откривен 19. априла 1876. године.

Види још
 Астероид
 Астероидни појас

Спољашње везе
 -{JPL}- страница за динамику соларног система
 Орбитални елементи астероида са орбитом блиском Земљи
 Астероиди и мале планете, универзитет Харвард

Литература
 -{JPL}- подаци о астероиду

Астероиди главног астероидног појаса


text:
Kirchseelte is a municipality in the district of Oldenburg in Lower Saxony, Germany.

References

Oldenburg (district)


text:
Une tuerie peut désigner :
 Un meurtre
 La purification ethnique
 Un massacre
 Un génocide
 Une tuerie en milieu scolaire
 Tueries de masse
 Une tuerie, était au Moyen Âge le lieu où l'on tuait les animaux. C'est l'ancêtre de l'abattoir.

Articles connexes

Les pages commençant par Tuerie


text:
La locuzione musica liquida è un neologismo utilizzato in riviste di musica, Hi-Fi, informatica, tecnologia e sul World Wide Web per indicare quella porzione della musica fruibile senza supporto fonografico tradizionale (CD, vinile, nastro).

Uso della locuzione
Non si conosce il momento esatto in cui la locuzione musica liquida è stata creata. La rivista italiana Audio Review l'ha utilizzata nell'ottobre del 2006, mentre altre riviste italiane di Hi-Fi hanno iniziato ad utilizzarla a partire dal maggio 2007, subito dopo l'accordo del 2 aprile fra la Apple e la EMI, che prevedeva la possibilità di scaricare da iTunes file musicali di qualità migliore (256 kbit/s in luogo dei 128 kbit/s) e soprattutto liberi dal DRM.

In particolare, la rivista SUONO uscì a maggio 2007 con una copertina raffigurante un CD nell'atto di sciogliersi e con il titolo: musica liquida.

File musicali
I file musicali scaricabili da internet usano differenti formati digitali, compressi e non compressi, anche ad alta qualità; quelli di musica digitale in formati compressi (MP3, AAC, ogg ed altri) hanno avuto diffusione grazie alle piattaforme di scambio peer-to-peer come Napster, Audiogalaxy, LimeWire, eMule ecc. e successivamente con la diffusione delle piattaforme per l'acquisto dei suddetti file come iTunes.

La relativa lentezza delle connessioni ad Internet, unitamente ai limiti dei supporti fisici di immagazzinamento dei dati (disco rigido) avevano imposto un sistema di compressione di tali file. Diverse piattaforme utilizzano il formato compresso AAC, altre utilizzano il formato MP3.

Alta definizione (HD)
Uno studio pubblicato sul Journal of the Audio Engineering Society ha confrontato in doppio cieco il formato classico del CD a 16 bit/44,1 kHz con l'HD a 24 bit/192 kHz (DVD audio) su 60 ascoltatori sottoposti complessivamente a 554 test nel periodo di un anno; il test ha dimostrato che, a parità di qualità dell'incisione (medesimo mastering) nessuno è in grado di distinguere fra CD e HD.

Tuttavia lo studio conclude che «virtualmente tutti i SACD e DVD audio suonano meglio, spesso molto meglio del CD», non per la maggiore risoluzione ma per la migliore qualità dell'incisione, del mixaggio e della produzione artistica delle registrazioni che vengono poi proposte dalle etichette discografiche nei supporti ad alta definizione, solidi o liquidi.

Formati musicali liquidi
I formati musicali più diffusi sono:
 AAC
 WMA
 Wave
 AIFF
 MP3
 APE
 FLAC
Ogg Vorbis
Esistono anche formati che, a differenza dei comuni PCM, trasmettono il segnale audio usando solo un bit e due valori (0 o 1) con una frequenza di campionamento non fissa ma variabile intorno ad una frequenza centrale, molto più elevata (64 volte ovvero 2.8MHz per il SACD, e si parla di DSD64 oppure 128 volte 5.6MHz per il DSD128).

Tuttavia, per questione di spazi di archiviazione limitati, si predilige l'utilizzo di comuni PCM.

Note

Bibliografia

Voci correlate
 Audio digitale
 Napster
 iTunes Store
 Digital Rights Management
 Loudness war
 Psicoacustica

Collegamenti esterni
 MusicaDigitale.Net forum di composizione musicale in digitale
 Musica Liquida Musica liquida: cos'è
 Musicblob L'universo della musica digitale in tutte le sue sfaccettature

Terminologia della musica
Tecnologia musicale
Storia della musica


text:
Wolfgang Labuhn (* 7. November 1948 in Morgenland/Kreis Wesermarsch) ist ein deutscher Journalist. Bis 2012 war er Korrespondent für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik im Berliner Hauptstadtstudio des Deutschlandradios. Davor war er Abteilungsleiter Aktuelles im Deutschlandfunk und Korrespondent in London.

Leben
Nach dem Abitur am Max-Planck-Gymnasium in Delmenhorst und dem Grundwehrdienst nahm Labuhn 1969 an der Universität Bonn das Studium der Germanistik und Anglistik auf. 1970/1971 verbrachte er ein Jahr als PAD-Lehrassistent in Gloucestershire (England). 1975 legte er die Erste Philologische Staatsprüfung für das Lehramt an Gymnasien ab, blieb anschließend aber als Wissenschaftliche Hilfskraft (1975/1976) und als Wissenschaftlicher Assistent (1976 bis 1979) am Germanistischen Seminar der Universität Bonn. Schwerpunkt seiner wissenschaftlichen Tätigkeit war die Betrachtung politischer Literatur unter der Zensur im Deutschen Bund seit 1815. Parallel dazu war er 1976/1977 DAAD-Lektor für Deutschlandstudien an der Universität Nijmegen (Niederlande). 1979 promovierte er an der Universität Bonn mit einer Arbeit über den Journalisten und Schriftsteller Ludwig Börne.

Nach der Promotion ging Labuhn 1979 zum German Language Service der BBC in London, wo er als Übersetzer, Moderator und Autor tätig war.

1985 wechselte er zum Deutschlandfunk nach Köln. Dort arbeitete er in der Redaktion Zeitgeschehen als Redakteur, Moderator, Reporter und Autor. Zu den von ihm moderierten Sendungen gehörten vor allem die "Informationen am Morgen" und "Informationen am Mittag". Ein breites Presseecho fand ein am 24. Oktober 1989 von ihm präsentiertes live gesendetes Telefonat zwischen Wolf Biermann (Hamburg) und Bärbel Bohley (Ost-Berlin).

1991 übernahm er im Deutschlandfunk die Leitung der neu geschaffenen Redaktion Zeitfunk und ab 1996 in Personalunion ferner die Leitung der Abteilung Aktuelles. Auch in dieser Funktion moderierte er weiterhin regelmäßig die wichtigsten aktuellen Informationssendungen.

1999 wurde Labuhn Deutschlandradio-Korrespondent in London. Sein Berichtsgebiet umfasste das Vereinigte Königreich und die Republik Irland.

Von 2004 bis zu seinem Eintritt in den Ruhestand 2012 war er Korrespondent für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik im Deutschlandradio-Hauptstadtstudio. Während seiner beruflichen Tätigkeit im Hörfunk von 1979 bis 2012 wurden von Labuhn über 5.000 aktuelle Berichte, Interviews, Kommentare, Reportagen und Features gesendet.

Als freiberuflicher Journalist ist Labuhn seit 2013 Berliner Korrespondent der monatlich erscheinenden Fachzeitschrift Europäische Sicherheit & Technik.

Veröffentlichungen (Auswahl)
 H.H. Houben: Der ewige Zensor.Hg. v. Claus Richter und Wolfgang Labuhn (= Neudruck der Ausgabe Polizei und Zensur, Berlin 1926). Kronberg/Taunus 1978, ISBN 3-7610-8800-0
 Literatur und Öffentlichkeit im Vormärz. Das Beispiel Ludwig Börne. Königstein/Taunus 1980 (= Dissertation Bonn 1979), ISBN 3-445-02015-9
 "Öffentliche Meinung". Zu ihrer Wort- und Begriffsgeschichte im Deutschen. Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie Bd. 98 (1979) Sonderheft. Aus der Werkstatt deutscher Literatur- und Sprachwissenschaft. Festgabe für Hugo Moser. S.209–217, ISSN 0044-2496.
 Ludwig Börne als politischer Publizist 1818–1837. Juden im Vormärz und in der Revolution von 1848. Hg.v. Walter Grab/Julius H. Schoeps (= Studien zur Geistesgeschichte Bd.3). S. 29–57. Stuttgart-Bonn 1983, ISBN 3-922801-61-7.
 "Die Kunst – eine Tochter der Zeit". Neue Studien zu Ludwig Börne. Hg. v. Inge Rippmann und Wolfgang Labuhn. Bielefeld 1988, ISBN 3-925670-12-2.
 Presse und Öffentlichkeit 1819/1991. Eine Doppelbetrachtung. Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie Bd. 115 (1996) Sonderheft. Klassik, modern. Für Norbert Oellers zum 60. Geburtstag. S. 179–187, ISSN 0044-2496 (ZfdPh). ISSN 0949-1678 (ZfdPh - Sonderheft). ISBN 3 503 03751 9.
 60 Jahre Bundeswehr. Der Mittler-Brief. Informationsdienst zur Sicherheitspolitik. Nr.2 (2015), ISSN 0936-4013.
 Auf dem Weg zur Europäischen Verteidigungsunion - der PESCO-Prozess in der EU. GSZ. Zeitschrift für das gesamte Sicherheitsrecht. Nr. 2(2019). S.66–70, ISSN 2567-3823.

Radio-Features (Auswahl)
 "Worte sind meine Werkzeuge". Ludwig Börne und die ausgebliebene Revolution vor 150 Jahren (Radio Bremen II. 3. November 1982)
 "Zum Teufel mit den Briten!" Das Leben von Karl Marx in London (Radio Bremen II. 24. August 1983)
 "Bleibe im Lande und nähre dich redlich!" Deutsche Einwanderer im viktorianischen London (Radio Bremen II. 26. September 1984)
 "Hier ist England - Hier ist England - Hier ist England!" Das deutsche Programm der BBC im 2. Weltkrieg (BBC German Language Service 8. Mai 1985)
 "Unsere lieben Kanalinseln!" Die deutsche Besetzung der britischen Inseln Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney und Sark 1940-1945 (Deutschlandfunk 9. August 1988)
 Nach dem Chimurenga. Simbabwes erstes Jahrzehnt (Deutschlandfunk 17. April 1990)
 "Bittet aber, dass eure Flucht nicht geschehe im Winter oder am Sabbat". Bericht vom Treck aus Ostpreußen im Jahre 1945 (Deutschlandfunk 17. Januar 1995)
 "... in unserem Herzen in Stücke zersprengt". Armin T. Wegner: Ein Chronist von Völkermord und Völkerfrühling (Deutschlandfunk 26. Juli 2011)

Weblinks

 "Diesmal kappte die Stasi die Leitung nicht" bei Deutschlandfunk

Einzelnachweise

Journalist (Deutschland)
Absolvent der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
Person (Deutschlandradio)
Deutscher
Geboren 1948
Mann