text:
State Times is een Engelstalige krant, die verschijnt in het noorden van India. Het dagblad, een broadsheet, heeft zijn basis in het unieterritorium Jammu en Kasjmir, maar komt tevens uit in Delhi. State Times werd in 1996 opgericht: het eerste nummer verscheen op 30 november dat jaar. De politieke kleur is centrumrechts. De krant is eigendom van de State Times Group en is gevestigd in Jammu.

Externe link
 Website State Times

Indiase krant
Jammu en Kasjmir

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Endochytrium oophilum är en svampart som beskrevs av Sparrow 1933. Endochytrium oophilum ingår i släktet Endochytrium och familjen Endochytriaceae.   Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Pisksvampar
oophilum


text:
Breck Eisner, né le , est un réalisateur américain de film.

Biographie

Filmographie

Réalisateur
 2002 : Disparition (feuilleton télévisé)
 2003 : La Voix des crimes (téléfilm)
 2005 : Sahara
 2008 : Fear Itself (série télévisée)
 2010 : The Crazies
 2015 : Le Dernier Chasseur de sorcières

Producteur
 2005 : Un coup de tonnerre

Liens externes

Naissance en décembre 1970
Réalisateur américain
Étudiant de l'université de Californie du Sud
Naissance en Californie
Étudiant de l'université de Georgetown


text:
is an action role-playing game developed and published by Square (now Square Enix) for the PlayStation video game console. The game was released in 2000, and has been re-released through the PlayStation Network for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita consoles. Vagrant Story was primarily developed by the team responsible for Final Fantasy Tactics, with Yasumi Matsuno serving as producer, writer and director.

The game takes place in the kingdom of Valendia and the ruined city of Leá Monde. The story centers on Ashley Riot, an elite agent known as a Riskbreaker, who must travel to Leá Monde to investigate the link between a cult leader and a senior Valendian Parliament member, Duke Bardorba. In the prologue, Ashley is blamed for murdering the duke, and the game discloses the events that happen one week before the murder.

Vagrant Story is unique as a console action-adventure role-playing game in that it features no shops and no player interaction with other characters; instead, the game focuses on weapon creation and modification, as well as elements of puzzle-solving and strategy. The game received critical acclaim from gaming magazines and websites.

Gameplay
Vagrant Story is a solo action role-playing game, in which the player controls Ashley Riot from a third-person perspective while exploring Leá Monde and the catacombs underneath. The player may also switch into first-person perspective to allow for a 360° view using the START button or right analog stick on the game controller. Characters and sprites are proportionate with each other, and the player navigates Ashley on a three-dimensional field map. Navigation is in real-time, and areas accessed by the player are stored in an in-game map menu.

Ashley can run, jump, and push crates and cubes to navigate around obstacles, adding puzzle and platforming elements to gameplay. During the game, the player must sometimes solve block puzzles to advance the story. When the player returns to a completed block puzzle room, a time-attack mode called "Evolve, or Die!!" begins. Players must reach the end of the room in the shortest time possible, after which they are ranked. This stage is optional and can be turned off from the menu.

In the field map, players may engage the enemy as soon as they enter Battle Mode, which uses a pausable real-time combat system, much like Square's Parasite Eve (1998). In Battle Mode, when the player taps the attack button, a spherical grid appears around Ashley. Individual body parts within this sphere can be targeted. The battle system involves the player chaining different attacks known as Chain Abilities to achieve large combos and deal damage to the enemy. This is done by pressing buttons in timely succession, making combat resemble a rhythm game. In addition to Chain Abilities, Defensive Abilities allow Ashley to reduce or reflect damage or avoid status ailments. Ashley also gains Break Arts, which exchange his hit points (HP) for increased damage.

Magic in Vagrant Story is learned later in the game using Grimoires that are dropped by enemies. Once a Grimoire is used, the magic spell associated with the Grimoire will remain in the menu, and players only need to spend magic points (MP) to cast a learned spell. Magic spells can be used to attack, heal, create status effects, and manipulate Ashley's elemental and enemy affinities. Certain magic spells allow the player to affect multiple targets by using a small sphere positioned within the Battle Mode wire frame. Unlike physical attacks however, magic attacks cannot be chained.

Risk is an essential element in the battle system. A Risk bar is placed below the HP and MP bar, representing the Risk Points the player has accumulated. Risk Points affect Ashley's concentration; the longer Ashley attacks a target, the more his Risk Point accumulates, lowering his accuracy and defenses. Chain and Defensive Abilities increase Risk faster than regular attacks, while Break Arts do not increase Risk at all. Enemy attacks and spells deal more damage if the player has high Risk. The advantage, however, is the higher chances for the player to score critical hits and restore higher HP.

Vagrant Storys crafting system allows the player to create and customize weapons and armor in designated "workshop" areas, inputting various ranges, strengths, and statistics. Weapons fall into one of three main damage types: blunt, piercing, and edged. Equipment are influenced by their material and affinity to enemy classes and elements. Affinities influence the effectiveness of weapons and armor, but equipment might lose one form of affinity when it gains another type. Weapons and armor can be combined, merging their affinities and sometimes creating a new type of blade or armor in the process. Different weapon types have different ranges, such as a crossbow having a longer range than melee weapons such as a mace.

Like several Square titles, the New Game Plus option is made available to the player upon first completing the game. In Vagrant Story, selecting "New Game+" enables the player to replay the story using their end-game weapons, items, and statistics instead of the defaults. This option allows players to access a hidden level, which features more intimidating enemies and more powerful equipment. The story does not change, and original enemy statistics will remain at default.

Plot

Setting

Vagrant Story is set in the fictitious city of Leá Monde, while the kingdom of Valendia is engulfed in civil war. Leá Monde is an old town with a history spanning more than two millennia. Located on an island surrounded by reefs, the walls have been the "witness of many battles" and are "stronger than the mightiest forts of Valendia". In its golden years, Leá Monde was a thriving community until an earthquake struck the town 25 years before the game, destroying the city and leaving the ground unstable.

The Grand Cathedral and the Temple of Kiltia are at the center of the city. This area is surrounded by the west and east districts, both in fairly good shape, as well as the massive, fortress-like City Walls. Beneath the ground are an abandoned mineshaft and limestone quarry, the shadowy labyrinths of an "Undercity", and the dark Iron Maiden dungeon. The maze-like Snowfly Forest, named for the so-called snowflies that can be found within, covers part of the city. Other locations include the Graylands, the setting for the prologue event; and Valnain, the city where the Valendia Knights of Peace's Headquarters is located. While Valendia and Leá Monde are fictitious, the game's scenery is inspired by real-life landscapes of the southwest of France, including the city of Saint-Émilion.

Characters
The protagonist is Ashley Riot, a male member of the Valendia Knights of the Peace (VKP) in pursuit of a cult leader named Sydney Losstarot. Sydney, leader of the religious cult Müllenkamp, laid siege to Duke Bardorba's manor in search of a key and kidnapped Bardorba's son, Joshua. Ashley's partner is Callo Merlose, an agent of the VKP Inquisitors. Also attempting to capture Sydney is Romeo Guildenstern of the Crimson Blades, whose mission was undertaken without the approval of the VKP.

Ashley is a Riskbreaker, a militant division of the VKP responsible for upholding state security and law. Although Callo accompanies him, Ashley does not accept her as a combat partner due to her lack of combat experience. Callo ends up being Sydney's hostage and discovers the truth of Müllenkamp's activities. Another Riskbreaker, Rosencrantz, appears during Ashley's battles in Leá Monde, briefing him on the plans of the VKP, Sydney and the Cardinal, and subsequently his take on Ashley's past. This casts suspicion on Ashley's behalf, as Riskbreakers always work alone.

The Crimson Blades, under direct orders of Cardinal Batistum, are a group that is part of the Cardinal's Knights of the Cross, in charge of seeking heretics and quelling cults. Romeo Guildenstern, their leader, is a pious man, deeply faithful to his belief and consequently immune to the Dark's powers. Under orders of the Cardinal, he pursues Sydney with a small army in his command and his captains: Samantha, Duane, Grissom, Tieger and Neesa.

Müllenkamp is a cult based in Leá Monde. The city suffered a catastrophe when the population was killed in an earthquake. The city, filled with corpses controlled by Darkness, is the cult's stronghold. Sydney and his accomplice, Hardin, survive the pursuit of the Crimson Blade, though Hardin sometimes doubts Sydney's intentions.

Story
The plot of Vagrant Story, titled "The Phantom Pain", is presented as the prelude to the "story of the wanderer". Beginning in the Graylands, Ashley and Callo are sent by the VKP to Duke Bardorba's manor to investigate the Duke's involvement with Müllenkamp and the Cardinal's interest in Sydney Losstarot. Ashley infiltrates the manor and encounters Sydney, witnessing his powers first hand. Sydney escapes with his accomplice Hardin and the Duke's son Joshua, leaving Ashley with a clue to his whereabouts. This event was dubbed the "Graylands Incident".

Ashley and Callo arrive in Leá Monde and a lone Ashley infiltrates the city through the underground wine cellars. Along the way, he learns of objects holding magical power known as Grimoires and the city's power to spawn the undead and mythological creatures.  He encounters Guildenstern and his lover Samantha, and learns of the condition known as incomplete death and the Cardinal's true intention for his pursuit of Sydney: immortality. The Crimson Blades confront Ashley and reveals his presence to Guildenstern.

Escaping unharmed, Ashley encounters Rosencrantz who intends to join him, though Ashley declines.  Rosencrantz tells him of the VKP and the Parliaments' knowledge of the dark powers of Leá Monde, and that the hidden powers deep within a person can be unleashed with the help of the Dark. In his encounters with Sydney, Ashley is shown visions of his past, where his wife Tia and his son Marco are killed by rogues. Meeting Rosencrantz again, Ashley is told that they were not his family, but mistaken targets he killed during a mission of theirs. Ashley's guilt over their deaths was manipulated by the VKP to turn Ashley into a loyal Riskbreaker. Ashley recalls his hidden battle skills and experiences "clairvoyance", seeing the progress of the Crimson Blades, which leads him to the Great Cathedral.

Sydney had captured Callo earlier and brought her with them. Callo learned that Hardin was skeptical of Sydney's plans. She begins to develop the powers of "heart-seeing", a form of telepathy, as they continue their escape deeper into Leá Monde. With her powers, she learned of Sydney's intentions and Hardin's reason to join Müllenkamp and his closeness to Joshua. Sydney left them to stop the others from advancing; taunting Guildenstern and Samantha, and provoking Ashley to follow him as he intends to bestow his powers upon Ashley. Ashley was not interested in inheriting the powers of Darkness; seeing that Callo had been captured, his only intention is to rescue her.

While discussing the Gran Grimoire, a powerful source of magic, Guildenstern and Samantha discover ancient Kildean letterings carved throughout the city walls. Rosencrantz reveals that the city is the Gran Grimoire and its power lies at the city center: the Grand Cathedral. As Guildenstern leaves for the Grand Cathedral, Rosencrantz searches for Ashley and Sydney. Finding them, Rosencrantz, confident in his immunity against Darkness, tries to force Sydney to surrender his powers. Rosencrantz also assaults Ashley to prove that he is not a suitable candidate for the powers of Darkness. Sydney refuses to listen and kills Rosencrantz by using a possessed statue, leaving Ashley to once again prove himself as his chosen successor.

Guildenstern continues on to the Great Cathedral in the center of the city, leading him to Callo, Hardin and Joshua. Interrogating Hardin about a certain "key" known as the Blood-Sin,  Guildenstern reveals his intentions in acquiring the Dark's powers. Sydney arrives to teleport Hardin and the rest away, leaving him to Guildenstern. Guildenstern acquires the "key" from him and murders Samantha as his sacrifice for the powers of darkness. Ashley arrives later and listens as Sydney reveals his true intentions. Ashley then confronts Guildenstern and manages to defeat him.

Upon Guildenstern's defeat, Ashley, now bearing the "key", carries Sydney out of the collapsing city. The creatures spawned within the city begin to disappear. Callo, Hardin and Joshua escape the city, though Hardin dies and the fate of Callo and Joshua remains unknown. In the epilogue, Ashley goes to visit the ailing Duke Bardorba in his manor, although once they were alone, it was Sydney who was in the room. Sydney tells the duke that he had found a suitable heir to the Darkness in Ashley, and that their plan to inherit the powers of Darkness was successful. The duke then proceeds to kill Sydney, and he himself died soon after of unknown causes. In a report received by the VKP a week after the Graylands Incident, the duke was believed to be murdered, and Ashley became the prime suspect, though he was never found again.

Development
Yasumi Matsuno, the game's producer and director, preferred to create a new game title from scratch and use design ideas from staff collaborations, rather than reusing popular characters and designs that are found in sequels. Vagrant Story is regarded as a mixture of genres, as it contains elements of role-playing in its battles and platform games when in the field map. Matsuno explained that the development team was not eager to place Vagrant Story into a specific genre, preferring to create the game with a genre of its own.

During the design phase, Matsuno was shown photographs from France, particularly Saint-Émilion in the region of Bordeaux. This region was visited by one of Matsuno's colleagues, who was a wine enthusiast and favored Saint-Émilion, one of the largest vineyards of Bordeaux. Captivated by this small town's architecture, the design team went on a trip to France to adopt these styles into the game. A team of five people was formed in September 1998, including Matsuno and the principal persons in charge of graphics and decorations, to realize the game's setting.

Development of the game began in January 1998, spanning two years with manpower that steadily increased from 20 to 50 at peak development phase. The storyline conceived for the game follows Ashley Riot's origins as a dedicated government agent prior to being the titular "vagrant" who is "involved in many incidents" after the events in Leá Monde. Inspiration for the plot is derived from Hollywood "classic and blockbuster" films as well as European and Asian films. The gameplay was conceived to cater to hardcore gamers who do not "ask for hints and read through strategy guides". However, Matsuno revealed that over half of the game's story was cut due to capacity and development time constraints. Memory issues was considered the most challenging aspect of the game development, with the team forced to adjust the game's interface, texture mapping and polygon mesh in maps, as well as removing gaming elements such as AI-controlled supporting non-player characters that would have joined Ashley in the middle of the game.

Vagrant Story was conceived during a time when most games had made the transition into three-dimensional graphics. Games with real-time polygons were the mainstream, and it was decided for Vagrant Story to follow this trend. Murata, the main programmer, expressed his concerns in working towards a large-scale three-dimensional game for the first time. To avoid discrepancies in the frame rate caused by the large number of polygon models, the modeling team had to select an aspect of each character to focus their attention. Art director Minagawa mentioned that painstaking detail were given to each individual model, even to characters that only appear for a few seconds in the game. The same character models were used throughout the game to create a seamless transition between event cutscenes and actual gameplay. The sound effects of Vagrant Story are credited to Minoru Akao, the game's sound programmer; and Tomohiro Yajima, the sound editor and engineer.

Releases
A demo disc of Vagrant Story was included in the packaging of Seiken Densetsu: Legend of Mana in Japan. During the Square Millennium Event held by Square in Tokyo, movies of Vagrant Story such as the opening sequence and the weapon crafting system were presented to onlookers. Matsuno said that a normal playthrough would take the player five to six hours to complete.

In North America, Vagrant Story was released as part of Square's "Summer of Adventure" that lasted from May to September 2000. Vagrant Story was released with two discs; the first disc is the game itself, while the second disc is a demo disc released by Square to give the player a preview of seven titles. The seven titles include three interactive demos and four non-interactive demos; the former being Chocobo Racing, Front Mission 3 and Threads of Fate, and the latter Chrono Cross, SaGa Frontier 2, Chocobo's Dungeon 2 and Legend of Mana. Both discs were included in the North American release on May 15, 2000. Due to a ruling by the Quebec government that video game titles in Canada should be sold with both French and English-language instructions, Vagrant Story'''s release was delayed in Canada. In the European PAL release, the game did not feature the additional demo disc.

Merchandise
On April 13, 2000, DigiCube published the Vagrant Story Ultimania, the official 496-page strategy guide for the game with the . The contents include staff interviews, a detailed background story, and information on monsters and items. The book was republished by Studio BentStuff and Square Enix in July 2006. Other merchandise include jewellery, T-shirts, cigarette lighters and posters featuring character artwork and CG renders. For the North American release, a 16-page comic-book tie-in with art by Steve Firchow, Clarence Lansang and Michael Turner of Witchblade fame was published by Eruptor Entertainment and Squaresoft. The comic was freely distributed at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2000 and included an interview between Matsuno and Square Electronic Arts assistant product manager Andrew Shiozaki.

Music
The original score for Vagrant Story was composed, arranged, and produced by Hitoshi Sakimoto, whose previous video game works included the soundtracks to Radiant Silvergun and Final Fantasy Tactics, with additional arrangement by Takeharu Ishimoto for Track 2–30 and Hirosato Noda for Track 2–31. A Japanese orchestra ensemble, Shinozuka Group, performed for the orchestral piece of Track 2–29. All synthesizing operations are led by Takeharu Ishimoto with assistance from Hidenori Iwasaki for Track 1–1 and Hirosato Noda for Track 2–18.

Sakimoto noted that during the initial phase, he composed "bright and cheerful" tunes similar to Final Fantasy Tactics, but Matsuno emphasized music that was "more deep and heavy". Matsuno also advised him to listen to music from The X-Files for ideas on ambient scores, and Sakimoto pointed out influences of James Horner and Hans Zimmer in his compositions. Sakimoto was impressed with the dedication of the development team to the game, and expressed uneasiness trying to come up with music during the game previews. Sakimoto created themes for each character and monster, and made several changes in their melody to reflect their relationships, feelings as well as antagonistic views. The soundtrack for Vagrant Story remains to be one of Sakimoto's favorite compositions.

The album was first released on two Compact Discs by DigiCube on March 8, 2000 bearing the catalog number SSCX-10042. It was subsequently re-released by Square Enix on March 24, 2006 with the catalog number SQEX-10068/9; the re-release removed some of the original PlayStation synth reverb, yielding a slightly different version of the audio. The CDs contain 57 tracks, including two remixes and tracks that were not used in the game. Packaged with it is a small booklet featuring interviews with the composer and character artworks.

Reception

In May 2000, Vagrant Story was the fifth best-selling PlayStation title of the month. 100,000 units were sold in the first 20 days of the game's release, despite being overshadowed by other Square titles like Final Fantasy IX and Chrono Cross. Vagrant Story was the third of twenty-seven games to date, and the only game on the PlayStation, to receive a perfect score of 40 from Famitsu magazine.

Reviews were generally positive—multimedia news websites IGN and GameSpot praised the gameplay and story. IGN described the story as "so deep and intuitive that it'll likely please fans", and said the battle system maintains "a needed element of strategy and balance". The graphics were seen as a breakaway from the clichés of Square's contemporary titles. Extensive detail was given to the background settings and character expressions. The game's sound effects have been praised as "well done and impressive, straying from Square's synthed noise", as details such as the background audio help create a believable world for the player.

The battle system, however, was described by GameSpot as too complex for beginner players, as even hard-core players require a "comprehensive understanding" of the weapon customization system. IGN pointed out that enemy encounters can be more difficult than boss battles. 1UP.com noted that the game's inventory was too limited for the vast number of customizations possible; this was considered particularly troublesome because some boss enemies are only vulnerable to certain types of weapons.

Eric Bratcher reviewed the PlayStation version of the game for Next Generation, rating it four stars out of five, praising the game's story, graphics and combat system.

Alexander O. Smith is responsible for the English localization of Vagrant Story, using archaic English as compared to its straightforward Japanese version. His effort on translating Vagrant Story was described by Andrew Vestal as an "unparalleled—and unprecedented—work" of Japanese to English video game translation, "in spite of the occasional typo or grammatical hiccup", as quoted by IGN. Vagrant Story was awarded "Best PlayStation Game" in the E3 2000 IGN Awards and was nominated for Best Console Action/Adventure in the 4th Annual Interactive Achievements Awards held by the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences. It was a runner-up for GameSpot's annual "Best Game Story", "Best Role-Playing Game" and "Best Graphics, Artistic" awards among console games.

Legacy
Three years after its 2000 release, Vagrant Story was selected as one of Sony's Greatest Hits. Games released as Greatest Hits were sold at a lower price, often increasing units sold. Vagrant Story is also part of Ultimate Hits, Square Enix's main budget range. The game was later made playable on Sony's PlayStation Portable and PlayStation 3 consoles when Square Enix announced the title's release on the PlayStation Stores in Japan, Europe and North America.

The 2006 role-playing video game Final Fantasy XII contains several references to Vagrant Story. Terms such as Riskbreaker, Leámonde and Kildea (albeit with different spellings in the localizations), are commonly used in both games. According to an interview with Joypad, a French gaming magazine, in 2004, Yasumi Matsuno claimed during its development that Ivalice, the game world he created when he joined Square in 1995, is a complex world with a very long history and the stories of Vagrant Story, Final Fantasy Tactics, and Final Fantasy XII are said to unfold quite close on the Ivalice map. The original plan, however, was not to place Vagrant Story in the Ivalice universe. Matsuno commented in 2011 that the plot elements of Final Fantasy Tactics found in Vagrant Story were meant to be intertextual reference to the Ivalice title as a form of "fan service". Final Fantasy XIV: Stormblood referenced the game further in 2017 through the Return to Ivalice raid series, most notably by including an alternate version of the city of Valnain and Leá Monde as existing locations in its own world. The follow-up story in Shadowbringers titled Save the Queen further referenced the game, including using concepts from an unused sequel.Vagrant Story is acknowledged as a game with an "extreme popularity" outside Japan eight years after it was first released. In October 2007, during an interview with the development team responsible for the enhanced port of Final Fantasy Tactics for the PlayStation Portable, Final Fantasy Tactics: The War of the Lions, executive producer Akitoshi Kawazu was asked about the possibility of a remake or port of the title to the PSP. Kawazu mentioned that it is "the next natural candidate for such an update", although there would be difficulty in porting the game, because it was a title that already pushed the original PlayStation to its technical limits. Kawazu also remarked that bringing the character Ashley Riot into other Ivalice titles would be difficult since, even in Vagrant Story'', "there's really not that much learn(ed) about Ashley Riot".

References

External links

 Official Japanese site

2000 video games
Action role-playing video games
Fantasy video games
Hitoshi Sakimoto albums
PlayStation (console) games
PlayStation Network games
Role-playing video games
Single-player video games
Square (video game company) games
Video game soundtracks
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Hitoshi Sakimoto
Video games about cults


text:
Wu Jintao (* 6. Januar 1975) ist ein ehemaliger chinesischer Skilangläufer.

Wu startete international erstmals bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 1992 in Albertville. Seine beste Platzierung dort war der 62. Platz über 50 km Freistil. Bei den Winter-Asienspielen 1996 in Harbin belegte er den 13. Platz über 10 km klassisch. Im folgenden Jahr holte er bei der Winter-Universiade in Muju die Bronzemedaille in der Doppelverfolgung und errang zudem den 14. Platz über 15 km klassisch und den fünften Platz über 30 km Freistil. Bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 1998 in Nagano lief er auf den 81. Platz über 10 km klassisch und auf den 68. Rang in der Verfolgung. Sein letztes internationales Rennen absolvierte er bei den Winter-Asienspielen 1999 in Gangwon. Dort wurde er Siebter über 30 km Freistil.

Weblinks

 Wu Jintao auf skisport365.com

Skilangläufer (Volksrepublik China)
Olympiateilnehmer (China)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1992
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1998
Teilnehmer an den Asienspielen (Volksrepublik China)
Teilnehmer der Winter-Universiade 1997
Universiadeteilnehmer (China)
Chinese
Geboren 1975
Mann


text:
Joseph Mitrani, auch Joseph Trani oder Joseph di Trani (* 1568 in Safed; † 1639 in Konstantinopel), war ein jüdischer Gelehrter und Talmudist und von 1625 bis 1639 Großrabbiner in Konstantinopel.

Leben
Von Gelehrten seiner Zeit wurde er auch Mahrimat genannt (hebr.: מהרימ"ט). Er galt als einer der bedeutendsten Talmudisten seiner Zeit. Heute ist er in der Literatur im Allgemeinen unter Maharit (Hebräisch: מהרי"ט) geführt.

2008 wurde sein Grab in Safed in Israel von dem Bibliophilen und Buchhändler Shlomo Epstein entdeckt. Es befindet sich neben dem Grab des Rabbi Moshe Alshich. Maharit war zwar in Konstantinopel gestorben und begraben worden, seine Söhne ließen jedoch später seine sterblichen Überreste nach Palästina bringen und in der Nähe seines Vaters Moshe di Trani bestatten.

Schriften
Mitrani ist Autor des dreibändigen "She'elot u-Teshubot" (Responsen). Der erste Teil enthält 152 Responsen, zusammen mit einem Generalindex, erschienen in Konstantinopel 1641. Der zweite Teil mit 111 Responsen erschien 1645 in Venedig.
Der dritte Teil umfasst Kommentare zum 4. Teil des Ritual-Codex, zusammen mit Anmerkungen zum Traktat Kiddushin und zu RaNs und Alfasis Kommentaren zu Ketubot und Ḳiddushin, gedruckt in Venedig 1645. Das Gesamtwerk erschien 1764 in Fürth.

Literatur

Weblinks

 Chief Rabbis of the Ottoman Empire and Republic of Turkey

Einzelnachweise

Großrabbiner (Osmanisches Reich)
Geboren 1568
Gestorben 1639
Mann


text:
Ignacio Burgoa Orihuela (Ciudad de México, 13 de marzo de 1918 - 6 de noviembre de 2005) fue un abogado y escritor mexicano, especializado en juicio de amparo y constitucionalismo. Sus obras Garantías individuales y El juicio de amparo son referencia indispensable en el derecho mexicano.

Biografía
Estudió derecho en la entonces Escuela Nacional de Jurisprudencia —hoy Facultad de Derecho— de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) de 1935 a 1939 y en 1940 obtuvo su título con la tesis La supremacía jurídica del Poder Judicial de la Federación en México. Fue profesor de dicha facultad desde 1947 hasta su muerte, en las que impartió las materias "Garantías" y "Amparo", teniendo la titularidad definitiva de ambas materias en 1957. De 1951 a 1954 fue juez en materia administrativa. De 1941 a 1943 trabajaría en la redacción del libro El juicio de amparo, que se convertiría en referencia para el estudio de la carrera en leyes en México.

En 1974 obtuvo el doctorado en derecho por la UNAM con mención honorífica y en 1987 el Consejo Universitario de dicha institución lo consideró maestro emérito de su facultad, en la que impartió clases por más de 50 años a miles de estudiantes de Derecho. Algunos desempeñarían cargos de elección de toda índole, incluidos presidentes.

Hacia 2001 se opuso a una reforma de la Ley de Amparo entonces vigente en el país con el ensayo ¿Una nueva ley de amparo o renovación de la vigente?.

Demandas notables
Burgoa se caracterizó por encabezar diversas demandas suscitadas por conflictos sociales. En 1982 denunció por traición a la patria al expresidente José López Portillo debido a las sospechas de peculado que por entonces pesaban por el funcionario. En 1999 junto a Raúl Carrancá y Rivas denunció penalmente a integrantes del Consejo General de Huelga de la UNAM debido a la toma de instalaciones por la Huelga estudiantil de la UNAM. En 2003 participó en la defensa de los integrantes del Frente de Pueblos en Defensa de la Tierra de San Salvador Atenco, en vista de la intención del gobierno mexicano de expropiarles tierras de cultivo para construir un nuevo aeropuerto.

Referencias

Nacidos en Ciudad de México
Abogados de la Ciudad de México
Alumnado de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Profesores de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Fallecidos en Ciudad de México


text:
Macaca fascicularis é um Macaco do Velho Mundo da subfamília Cercopithecinae, nativo do Sudeste Asiático. Em laboratórios, é conhecido como macaco-cinomolgo.

Etimologia
O nome científico desse macaco é Macaca fascicularis, e Macaca vem do português "macaco", que tem origem no termo africano ibinda "makako". Fascicularis vem do latim "pequena banda ou listra". Thomas Stamford Raffles, que deu esse nome ao animal, em 1821, não especifica porque usou essa palavra, embora, presume-se que tenha relação com suas observações na coloração.

Possui vários nomes comuns, em inglês  e outras línguas. É conhecido como "long-tailed monkey" por conta de sua longa cauda ou como "crab-eating macaque" pois forragea nas prais, em busca de caranguejos. Na Indonésia, esta espécie e outras, são conhecidas pelo nome "kera", provavelmente devido ao seus gritos de alarme. Em português, é conhecido popularmente como macaco-caranguejeiro.

Taxonomia
Há 10 subespécies de Macaca fasciularis:
 Macaca fascicularis fascicularis, sinônimo Macaca irus
 M. f. aurea
 M. f. umbrosa
 M. f. atriceps
 M. f. condorensis
 M. f. fusca
 M. f. lasiae
 M. f. tua
 M. f. karimondjawae
 M. f. philippensis

Distribuição e habitat
M. fascicularis vive em uma ampla variedade de habitats, incluindo florestas primárias de terras baixas, florestas secundárias e florestas costeiras de nypa e manguezais. Também se adaptam com facilidade à presença humana: são considerados sagrados em templos hindus e em algumas ilhas, mas é considerado uma praga entre fazendeiros. Tipicamente, eles preferem habitats perturbados e periferias de florestas. A distribuição nativa inclui o Sudeste Asiático, do extremo sul de Bangladesh, Malásia, e nas ilhas de Sumatra, Java e Bornéu, nas Filipinas, ilhas Nicobar no Golfo de Bengala. É um raro exemplo de mamífero terrestre que passa pela linha de Wallace.

M. fascicularis é uma espécie introduzida em vários locais, incluindo Hong Kong, oeste da Nova Guiné, Palau, e Maurícia. Onde não são espécies nativas, particularmente em ecossistemas insulares, onde essas espécies frequentemente evoluem sem predadores, M. fascicularis torna-se uma ameaça às espécies nativas. A IUCN, portanto, considera M. fascicularis como uma das "100 piores espécies invasoras". Entretanto, M. fascicularis não é uma ameaça à biodiversidade em sua ocorrência nativa.

Descrição
O comprimento do corpo varia entre as subespécies, estando entre 38 e 55 cm, com braços e pernas curtos. A cauda é maior que o corpo, tendo entre 40 e 60 cm de comprimento. Machos são maiores que as fêmeas, e pesam entre 5 e 9 kg, e as fêmeas pesam entre 3 e 7 kg.

Relações com humanos

M. fasciularis convive com seres humanos por toda sua distribuição geográfica, e tolera bem sua presença. Em algumas áreas, sua preseça possui valor religioso, tal como observados em templos em Bali, Tailândia e Camboja, enquanto em outras áreas, sua ocorrência causa conflitos, principalmente com fazendeiros. Desde tempos pré-históricos as duas espécies compartilham os mesmos ambientes.

Na pesquisa científica
M. fascicularis é bastante utilizada em experimentos médicos, em particular aqueles relacionados à neurociência e doenças. Devido à sua semelhança fisiológica, ele pode transmitir infecções para humanos. Existe um caso isolado de infecção pelo vírus ebola, em animais nascidos em cativeiro e transportado das Filipinas para os Estados Unidos, mas que depois foi descoberto ser uma linhagem do vírus que não causa problemas para seres humanos, ao contrário das linhagens africanas. Ademais, eles são conhecidos por serem vetores do Herpesvirus simiae, que já contaminou alguns trabalhadores em laboratórios que contém o macaco-rhesus.  Nafovanny, a maior facility para criação de primatas não humanos no mundo, possui cerca de 30000 exemplares da espécie. foi descoberto, recentemente, que Plasmodium knowlesi, que causa a malária em M. fascicularis, pode infectar humanos. Existem poucos casos relatados, mas é desconhecido por quanto tempo seres humanos foram infectados por essa linhagem. Não é possível, portanto, dizer se isto caracteriza uma nova ameaça à saúde pública, ou se simplesmente foi descoberto recentemente por não ter sido detectado por técnicas antigas. Dado a longa história dessa espécie com seres humanos no sudeste asiático, é provável que esta última hipótese seja a correta.

Conservação
Esta espécie é a que possui a terceira maior distribuição geográfica entre os primatas, atrás apenas dos humanos e do macaco-rhesus. A IUCN lista a espécie como "pouco preocupante" e a CITES a lista no Apêndice II, o que regulamenta o comércio da espécie. Uma recente revisão de suas populações mostra que é necessário um melhor monitoramento de indivíduos selvagens, devido ao intenso comércio e conflito com algumas atividades humanas, apesar de ser amplamente distribuída.

Cada subespécie possui diferentes graus de ameaça, e há poucas informações sobre suas condições para algumas. M. f. umbrosa possui relevância ecológica e é recomendada para ter proteção nas Ilhas Nicobar, onde a pequena população nativa está seriamente fragmentada, and is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. M.f. philippensis é listada como "quase ameaçada", eM.f. condorensis é vulnerável.   Todas as outras subespécies são listadas como "dados deficientes" e necessitam de mais estudos;embora trabalhos recentes tenham mostrado que M.f aurea e M.f. karimondjawae necessitem de mais proteção.  Uma preocupação para a conservação, é de que em áreas onde M. fascicularis não é nativo, suas populações precisam ser monitoradas e controladas para que reduzir impacto na fauna e flora nativas.

Ligações externas

 Bonadio, C. 2000. "Macaca fascicularis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed March 10, 2006.
 Primate Info Net Macaca fascicularis Factsheet
 ISSG Database: Ecology of Macaca fascicularis
 Primate Info Net: Macaca fascicularis
 BBC Factfile on M. fascicularis

Cercopithecinae
Mamíferos descritos em 1821
Espécies invasoras
Mamíferos de Bangladesh
Mamíferos de Bornéu
Mamíferos de Brunei
Mamíferos de Mianmar
Mamíferos do Camboja
Mamíferos de Timor-Leste
Mamíferos da Indonésia
Mamíferos do Laos
Mamíferos da Malásia
Mamíferos das Filipinas
Mamíferos de Singapura
Mamíferos da Tailândia
Mamíferos do Vietname
!Wikiconcurso Direitos Humanos e Meio Ambiente (artigos)


text:
Baladiyah () is a type of Arabic administrative division that can be translated as "district", "sub-district" or "municipality". The plural is baladiyat (). Grammatically, it is the feminine of   "rural, country-, folk-".

The Arabic term amanah () is also used for "municipality".

Arab countries

Sets

Other
 Western Region Municipality ()
 Dubai Municipality ()
 Unaizah Municipality ()

Turkish

In Turkish, the word belediye (definite accusative belediyesi), which is a loan from Arabic, means "municipality" or "city council".

See also
 Opshtina

References

Types of administrative division


text:
Virbia xanthopleura is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by George Hampson in 1898. It is found in Grenada.

References

xanthopleura
Moths described in 1898


text:
Норвежский камерный оркестр () — камерный оркестр, базируется в Осло.

Создан в 1977 г. по инициативе скрипача и музыкального педагога Бьярне Фискума, на основе проведённой им в 1975 г. летней школы молодых музыкантов. Бессменным художественным руководителем оркестра является скрипач Терье Тённесен, в 1981—2001 гг. руководство с ним разделяла английская скрипачка Айона Браун, а с 2009 г. — нидерландская скрипачка Изабель ван Кёлен. Норвежский камерный оркестр тесно сотрудничает с пианистом Лейфом Ове Андснесом (с 2003 г. — главный приглашённый дирижёр).

Оркестр много выступает в Великобритании, включая участие в Би-Би-Си Промс (1991, 1994, 1997) и первый в истории концерт в Палате лордов британского парламента (1995), участвовал в Зальцбургском фестивале, гастролировал в других странах Европы, Азии и Америки. Постоянно коллектив принимает участие в Фестивале камерной музыки в Ставангере, в том числе с различными экспериментальными программами — в частности, на фестивале 2006 года Камерная симфония Дмитрия Шостаковича была исполнена в формате монтажа с поэмой Анны Ахматовой «Реквием». Среди музыкантов, выступавших с оркестром, — Мстислав Ростропович, Морис Андре, Джеймс Голуэй, Раду Лупу, Джошуа Белл, Стивен Иссерлис и др.

Среди записей оркестра — получившая международное признание запись трёх клавирных концертов Йозефа Гайдна с Лейфом Ове Андснесом. Внутри Норвегии оркестр пять раз был удостоен ежегодной национальной премии в области звукозаписи Spellemannprisen за лучшую запись академической музыки, а в 1988 г. получил эту же премию в абсолютной номинации («Запись года»).

Источники

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт

Камерные оркестры Норвегии
Оркестры Осло
Музыкальные коллективы, появившиеся в 1977 году
Музыкальные коллективы по алфавиту
Лауреаты премии Spellemannprisen


text:
La deuxième circonscription de Debresina est une des 135 circonscriptions législatives de l'État fédéré Amhara, elle se situe dans la Zone Sud Wollo. Son représentant actuel est Assen Muheye Yimer.

Voir aussi
Liste des circonscriptions législatives éthiopiennes
Conseil des représentants des peuples (Éthiopie)

Debresina 2


text:
Jürgen Locadia (Emmen, 7 de novembro de 1993) é um futebolista neerlandês que atua como ponta de lança. Atualmente defende o .

Carreira
Jürgen Locadia começou a carreira no .

Títulos
 Eredivisie: 2014–15, 2015–16
 Copa dos Países Baixos: 2011–12
 Supercopa dos Países Baixos: 2015, 2016

Nascidos em 1993
Naturais de Emmen (Países Baixos)
Futebolistas dos Países Baixos
Futebolistas do PSV Eindhoven
Futebolistas do Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.
Futebolistas do TSG 1899 Hoffenheim


text:
The Men's 4 x 200 metre freestyle relay event at the 2013 Southeast Asian Games took place on 12 December 2013 at Wunna Theikdi Aquatics Centre.

There were 5 teams who took part in this event. Singapore won the gold medal, Malaysia and Indonesia won the silver and bronze medal respectively.

Schedule
All times are Myanmar Standard Time (UTC+06:30)

Records

Results

References

External links

Swimming at the 2013 Southeast Asian Games


text:
Westlink is a neighborhood in Wichita, Kansas, United States.  A mixed commercial and residential area, it lies in the western part of the city.

Geography
Westlink is located at  (37.696389, - 97.455833) at an elevation of .  It consists of the area between 13th Street in the north, Tyler Road in the east, Maple Street in the south, and Maize Road in the west.  The Amarado Estates and Northwest Village West neighborhoods lie to the north, Northwest Village lies to the northeast, Country Acres II and Country Acres lie to the east, Woodchuck lies to the southeast, Callahan and Dell lie to the south, Cambridge-Lexington lies to the southwest, West and Arlington Place lie to the west, and North Lark Lane lies to the northwest.

Cowskin Creek, a tributary of the Arkansas River, flows southeast through the southwestern part of Westlink.  A small tributary of the Cowskin flows windingly south through the neighborhood, joining the creek at Maple Street.

Economy
Built in 1958, Westlink Shopping Center is a large strip mall located on the southwest corner of Central and Tyler Road.  As of 2019, its anchor tenants include Ace Hardware, Dollar General, and Play It Again Sports.

Government
For the purposes of representation on the Wichita City Council, Westlink is in Council District 5.

For the purposes of representation in the Kansas Legislature, the neighborhood is in the 27th district of the Kansas Senate and the 100th district of the Kansas House of Representatives.

Education
Wichita Public Schools operates two schools in the neighborhood:
 McCollom Elementary School
 Peterson Elementary School

In addition, the campus of Wichita Northwest High School is located immediately east of Westlink on the southeast corner of 13th Street and Tyler Road.

Parks and recreation
The city's Department of Park and Recreation maintains three parks in the neighborhood.  Buffalo Park spans  at the corner of Hardtner Avenue and Maize Road, and it includes a baseball diamond, basketball court, children's playground, two softball diamonds, tennis courts, and a water playground.  Harvest Park is a  neighborhood park at Provincial Lane and North Westlink Avenue with a basketball court, swimming pool, and tennis courts.  Westlink Park is a small,  park at North Caddy Lane and West Delano Street. It includes a children's playground and a fitness trail.

Opened in 1928, Rolling Hills Country Club is a private, 18-hole golf course located on the banks of Cowskin Creek in the southwestern part of the neighborhood.

Transportation
Central Avenue, which runs east-west, is the primary route through Westlink.  Other arterial roads in the neighborhood are those that form its perimeter:  13th Street, which runs east-west, along the north side; Tyler Road, which runs north-south, along the east side; Maple Street, which runs east-west along the south side; Maize Road, which runs north-south, along the west side.

Wichita Transit offers bus service in Westlink on its 12 route.

References

Geography of Wichita, Kansas
Neighborhoods in Kansas


text:
Kosmos 36 – radziecki satelita technologiczny, pierwszy z serii DS-P1-Yu; służył rozwojowi systemu obrony powietrznej i kontroli przestrzeni kosmicznej, stanowił część kompleksu Raduga.

Bibliografia
 Encyclopedia Astronautica
 Jonathan's Space Home Page
 NSSDC Master Catalog
 Space 40

Satelity technologiczne
Satelity programu Dniepropetrowsk Sputnik
Loty kosmiczne w 1964


text:
The Stockholm Court House () is situated on Kungsholmen in Central Stockholm, Sweden. The building is connected to the Stockholm Police House through an underground pedestrian walkway. The Stockholm City Court was situated in the building from 1915 to 1971 and Stockholm District Court from 1971.

The building was designed in the National Romantic style, and was constructed between 1909 and 1915. The architecture was influenced by the Castles of the Vasa era, and it bears a resemblance to Vadstena Castle.

A fire ravaged the third floor of the south/left wing of the building in June 2008.

See also
 Architecture of Stockholm
 Historical fires of Stockholm

References

External links

Courthouses
Buildings and structures in Stockholm
Government buildings in Sweden
National Romantic architecture in Sweden
Art Nouveau architecture in Stockholm
Art Nouveau government buildings
Government buildings completed in 1915
1915 establishments in Sweden
Court
Office buildings in Sweden


text:
La ley de Meckel-Serres fue la primera formulación de la Teoría de la Recapitulación. Su nombre se debe al zoólogo Edward Stuart Russell, quien en 1916 se refirió a ella de este modo en reconocimiento a dos de sus más prominentes proponentes (Johann Friedrich Meckel y Étienne Serres) y en contraste con el modelo de recapitulación de Ernst Haeckel:
 A partir de sus observaciones embriológicas, el anatomista alemán Johann Friedrich Meckel (1724–1774) defendió este modelo en su ensayo "Sketch of a Portrayal of the Parallel that Obtains Between the Embryonic Condition of Higher Animals and the Permanent Condition of Lower Animals." (1811).
 El francés Étienne Serres (1786–1868) abogó también por la teoría de la recapitulación, a la que denominó "teoría de los frenos de desarrollo". Serres utilizó la teoría de la recapitulación como apoyo a la idea de unidad del plan de organización, de su maestro Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. Frente a la comparación entre formas adultas, Serres abogó por la comparación entre las formas adultas de animales inferiores y el estadio embriológico correspondiente de animales de nivel organizativo superior.

Referencias

 Brigandt, I.(2006) A theory of conceptual advance: explaining conceptual change in evolutionary, molecular, and evolutionary developmental biology. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Pittsburgh.

Véase también
 Teoría de la Recapitulación
 Biología evolutiva del desarrollo

Historia de la biología
Embriología
Evolución
Evo-devo


text:
Charles Alan Weber Jr (Jefferson City, 20 de setembro de 1978) é um ator norte-americano, conhecido por interpretar Frank na série de televisão americana How to Get Away with Murder e Ben em Buffy the Vampire Slayer.

Trabalhos
Weber fez aparições em muitas séries de televisão, mais notavelmente o seu papel recorrente como Ben em Buffy the Vampire Slayer 2000-2001, no qual ele interpretou um estagiário. Participou do 5º episódio da série Everwood. Atualmente, Weber dá vida ao personagem Frank Delfino em How to Get Away with Murder, série de Shonda Rhimes. Weber também estrelou em outras séries de televisão como The Drew Carey Show, Charmed, Veronica Mars e House MD.

Filmografia

Ligações Externas

 Charlie Weber at Flixter
 Charlie Weber at MovieTome

Naturais de Jefferson City (Missouri)
Norte-americanos de ascendência alemã
Atores dos Estados Unidos


text:
(2614) Torrence – planetoida z pasa głównego asteroid okrążająca Słońce w ciągu 3 lat i 211 dni w średniej odległości 2,34 j.a. Została odkryta 11 czerwca 1980 roku w Obserwatorium Palomar przez Carolyn Shoemaker. Nazwa planetoidy pochodzi od Torrencea Johnsona, amerykańskiego naukowca zajmującego się planetologią. Przed nadaniem nazwy planetoida nosiła oznaczenie tymczasowe (2614) 1980 LP.

Zobacz też
 lista planetoid 2001–3000
 lista planetoid

Linki zewnętrzne

Planetoidy pasa głównego
Nazwane planetoidy
Obiekty astronomiczne odkryte w 1980


text:
Sugashee is a community in Sagnarigu District in the Northern Region of Ghana.

See also
Suburbs of Tamale (Ghana) metropolis

References

Communities in Ghana
Suburbs of Tamale, Ghana


text:
Faxon is a town in Comanche County, Oklahoma, United States. It is located on Oklahoma State Highway 36 about 18.3 driving miles southwest of Lawton. The population was 136 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Lawton, Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Faxon is located at  (34.458327, -98.579721).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.

Climate

Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 136 people, 55 households, and 39 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 66 housing units at an average density of 258.3 per square mile (99.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 89.7% White, 0.7% African American, 4.4% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.0% from other races, and 4.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.7% of the population.

There were 55 households, out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.9% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 29.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 2.9% from 18 to 24, 19.1% from 25 to 44, 31.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.2 males.

According to the 2000 census, the median income for a household in the town was $25,000, and the median income for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $30,833 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,630. There were 15.4% of families and 13.8% of the population living below the poverty line, including 13.2% of under eighteens and 5.9% of those over 64.

References

External links

Towns in Comanche County, Oklahoma
Towns in Oklahoma


text:
Pucher von Meggenhausen, auch Puecher von Meggenhausen, von Pucher zu Meggenhausen, war der Name eines österreichischen Adelsgeschlechts, das seinen Ursprung im Kanton Graubünden (Schweiz) hatte. Stammvater des Geschlechts war Erhard Pucher, der 1443 in Genf vom damaligen deutschen König und späteren Kaiser Friedrich III. zum Ritter geschlagen wurde.

Adelserhebungen
Die Brüder Johann Rudolf Pucher und Georg Niklas Pucher von Meggenhausen wurden am 3. Oktober 1603 in Prag durch Kaiser Rudolf II. in den österreichischen rittermäßigen Adelsstand mit Wappenbesserung erhoben. Johann Rudolf wurde außerdem das Reichslehen Meckenhausen übertragen.
Johann Georg Pucher wurde auf sein Gesuch hin im Jahr 1635 durch den Kurfürsten von Mainz in den Ritterstand erhoben.
Am 3. Januar 1652 wurde derselbe Johann Georg Pucher in Wien in den österreichischen Freiherrenstand mit dem Adelsprädikat "von und zu Meggenhausen zu Kadau, Reichenberg und Zwölfaxing" erhoben. Nach dem Fall der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie wurde der Name auf Pucher gekürzt. Die Nachkommen leben heute in Österreich.

Wappen
Rechter über linken gelegter Schrägbalken (Andreaskreuz). Auf gekröntem Helm behutete Mannspuppe.

Namensträger
Georg Niklas Pucher von Meggenhausen († nach 1644), kaiserlicher Rat und Landschaftseinnehmer
Johann Rudolf Pucher von Meggenhausen († 1625), kaiserlicher Reichshofrat
Johann Georg Pucher von Meggenhausen (1602-nach 1680), kaiserlicher Hofkriegsrat

Literatur
Pucher v. Meggenhausen, Freiherren, in: Neues Jahrbuch (1887), Band 14, Heraldisch-Genealogische Gesellschaft "Adler", Wien 1887, Seite 128 (Auszug)
Adler, Heraldisch-Genealogische Gesellschaft "Adler" (Wien), Jg. 1887, Seite 126 und 158; Jg. 1890, Seite 190; Jg. 1893, Seite 165 und 179
Gabriel Bucelinus: Rhaetia sacra et profana, Ulm 1666

Einzelnachweise

Österreichisches Adelsgeschlecht
Österreich ob der Enns (1490–1784)
Geschichte (Kanton Graubünden)


text:
The 1942 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1942 college football season. Home games were played in New York City at Baker Field in Upper Manhattan.

Under thirteenth-year head coach Lou Little, the Lions compiled a 3–6 record and were outscored 193 to 169. The team captains were Felix Demartini and Paul Governali.

Ken Germann led the team in scoring, with 60 points (six touchdowns). Governali, the Heisman Trophy runner-up, led in total offense, with 1,610 yards (1,442 passing, 168 rushing).

Schedule

References

Columbia
Columbia Lions football seasons
Columbia Lions football


text:
David Woodcock is an English singer-songwriter and musician, currently based in his hometown of Southend-on-Sea.

He released his debut single "Same Things" in 2013 and his self-titled debut album in August 2014  on Blow Up Records. Record Collector editor Ian McCann said of David: "David Woodcock is a talent, in the classic Brit songwriter tradition. Every observation is honed to perfection" and BBC 6 Music DJ Steve Lamacq described David as "Part Stiff Records, part Brit Pop. A reckless Stephen Duffy or an Essex Jarvis Cocker".

His singles "Same Things", "Beggars Can't Be Choosers" and "Open Secret" have received national airplay on stations including BBC 6 Music and Xfm, and Woodcock also recorded a live session for Marc Riley on BBC 6 Music in August 2014. His most recent single, "Relatively Single Man", was the winner of BBC 6 Music's Rebel Playlist with 52% of the public vote.

Live, Woodcock performs both solo or with a band with a fluid line up of musicians, some of whom also appear on his album.

His partner, Wendy Solomon, fronts her own band Angel and the Melodyhorns who have released one album Exposure.  She also appears as "Jem Lea", bassist with all-female Slade tribute band Slady (fronted by The Featherz' lead singer/guitarist Danie Centric as "Gobby Holder".)  Woodcock has played guitar with the Melodyhorns and occasionally guests on keyboards with Slady, with whom he is billed as "Our Friend Stan."

References

External links

 David Woodcock Biography & Discography

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Musicians from Essex
English male singer-songwriters
People from Southend-on-Sea


text:
Suspensió de pagaments (en anglès: receivership) és la situació concursal en la qual un comerciant o una societat mercantil es troba quan no poden pagar la totalitat dels deutes que té amb els seus creditors per falta de líquid, o diners en efectiu.

És un procediment que té per objecte arribar a un acord entre el deutor i els creditors, sota supervisió judicial, sobre la manera que es pagarà. La diferència amb la fallida està que en aquest cas el deutor té suficients actius per a plantar cara als seus deutes, però els seus actius no són prou líquids. Per exemple, pot tenir immobles o actius fixos per un valor superior als seus deutes, però no pot pagar aquests deutes vençuts en el moment. Per això també es diu que la suspensió de pagaments és una situació concursal temporal, mentre que la fallida és definitiva.

Naturalesa
Tradicionalment es definia com el simple endarreriment en el pagament per una falta transitòria de liquiditat. Es plantejava un greu problema de prova, ja que el fet que en el futur pugui pagar és la prova de la suspensió de pagaments present. Si en el futur no pot pagar, en el present no està en suspensió, sinó en fallida. Bàsicament, la suspensió de pagaments es produeix quan en una activitat rendible es produeix una falta de diners líquids, per exemple, s'ha retardat en el pagament dels nostres deutors; s'ha vist obligat a realitzar una reparació extraordinària i abonar-la al comptat, etc. Des d'aquests criteris tradicionals s'ha evolucionat a altre més abstracte, però eficient. La diferència entre una fallida i una suspensió de pagaments resideix en la capacitat de seguir plantant cara a les obligacions mercantils d'una manera normal. A manera d'exemple, una fàbrica té un valor molt superior a tot el passiu, però l'única manera de pagar els deutes a vendre les màquines i el solar; conclusió, per a pagar cal dissoldre. En aquest cas no es tracta d'una suspensió, sinó que seria una fallida. Altre exemple: s'aconsegueix plantar cara als pagaments mitjançant crèdits que no podran pagar-se. S'està ocultant una situació de fallida amb una falsa aparença de solvència mitjançant un pagament anormal de les obligacions.

Solucions a la suspensió de pagaments
Després d'un procediment judicial que pot ser distint segons la regulació específica de cada país, la suspensió de pagaments té dues vies per a solucionar-se:
 Liquidació d'actius de la societat: Seria el mètode més dràstic, i normalment es busca que la societat pugui seguir funcionant, perquè tot els creditors acabin cobrant els seus crèdits.
 Acords amb els creditors: Es denominen acords de quitació i espera, atès que el seu contingut és reduir els crèdits (quitació) o endarrerir els seus venciments (espera). Moltes vegades s'arriba a aquests acords, perquè els creditors prefereixen cobrar part o cobrar tard que no cobrar (sobretot si han d'esperar a un procediment de liquidació de la societat).

Regulacions
A Espanya, la situació de suspensió de pagaments es regula en el dret concursal, que ha definit un procediment comú per a la tramitació d'aquesta figura, de la quitació i espera i de la fallida. Des de l'1 de setembre de 2004 està en vigor la Llei 22/2003, de 9 de juliol, Concursal, derogant la normativa anterior i unificant els antics quatre procediments concursals fallida, suspensió de pagaments, concurs de creditors i quitament i espera per un de sol, denominat concurs.

A Mèxic, la situació de suspensió de pagaments, es regulava en la Llei de Fallides i Suspensió de Pagaments, llei que va quedar abrogada mitjançant l'article transitori Segon de la Llei de Concursos Mercantils, publicada en el Diari Oficial de la Federació de 12 de maig de 2000. Per l'anterior, únicament a Mèxic té aplicació la Llei de Fallides i Suspensió de Pagaments, en aquells procediments concursals iniciats amb anterioritat a la vigència de la Llei de Concursos Mercantils.

Vegeu també
 Fons de garantia salarial.

Comptabilitat
Dret mercantil
Dret processal civil


text:
Jack Farthing (nacido el 14 de octubre de 1985, en Londres) es un actor británico principalmente conocido por participar en la serie Poldark, remake de la serie de los setenta basada en la novela homónima.

Biografía
Nacido y criado en el norte de Londres, estuvo escolarizado en 2 colegios (Westminster School y Hall School Hampstead) y posteriormente en Oxford, antes de formarse en la Academia de Música y Arte Dramático de Londres.

Carrera
Dejo sus estudios de arte dramático en la Academia de Arte dramático de Londres cuando fue elegido como Benvoglio en el Globe Theater. Allí también participó en otras producciones y fue elegido por el director de casting Andy Pryor para la televisión en un pequeño papel en el drama de época Dancing in the Edge y más tarde con un papel más importante como Freddie Threepwoed en Blandings.

Interpretó también al villano "George Warlegg en la serie de la BBC Poldark (2015–2019).
También interpreta a George Balfour en The Riot Club (2014), a Marc Fisher en la comedia romántica de Netflix Love Wedding Repeat (2020) y al príncipe Charles en la película Spencer'' (2021).

Filmografía

Películas

Television

Referencias

Actores de Inglaterra
Nacidos en Londres


text:
El transporte ferroviario en Túnez apareció por primera vez a finales del siglo XIX. Los ferrocarriles tunecinos son de ancho estándar de 1,435 m al norte de Túnez y de ancho estrecho de 1 m en el centro y sur del país.

Historia

Primera línea
En 1870, la empresa italiana Mancardi obtuvo la concesión de un ferrocarril entre Túnez y la región del Sahel pero, por falta de capital, no lo llevó a cabo. Así, la primera línea ferroviaria tunecina, que unía Túnez con La Marsa (TGM), fue inaugurada el 2 de agosto de 1872 por Sadok Bey.

Construcción de la red norte
Esta línea fue el preludio de otras muchas que, entre 1878 y 1916, construyeron en el norte del país la Société de construction des Batignolles y su filial, la Compagnie des chemins de fer Bône-Guelma, que ya explotaba una red ferroviaria en Argelia. Así, por el decreto beylical del 24 de Ramadán de 1289 (calendario musulmán), correspondiente a octubre de 1872, se autorizó a la empresa británica Pickerning a construir un ferrocarril entre Túnez y Jendouba en el plazo de un año.

La convención de esta línea de Medjerda, firmada el 23 de noviembre de 1874 por Kheireddine Pacha, contiene 29 artículos y está escrita en árabe y francés. La línea comienza en Túnez y pasa por Ariana, con un ramal hasta La Goulette, y luego Mateur, Béja y Jendouba. La concesión de cincuenta años también garantiza el derecho a explotar una mina en el oeste del país durante este periodo. El gobierno tunecino tiene, en virtud de este mismo convenio, el derecho de designar a un ingeniero para que inspeccione la línea durante las obras y a lo largo de su explotación. Los concesionarios también tienen derecho a construir algunos ramales y a prolongar la línea hasta Le Kef. Sin embargo, esta concesión no se llevó a cabo. Por ello, en 1876 se otorgó otra concesión a la Société de construction des Batignolles, que la retrocedió a la Compagnie des chemins de fer Bône-Guelma.

Las obras no comenzaron realmente hasta el 30 de abril de 1877. La inauguración de la línea que une Túnez con Tebourba tuvo lugar el 24 de junio de 1878. Llegó a Medjez el-Bab el 30 de septiembre, a Oued Zarga el 30 de diciembre, a Béja el 1 de septiembre de 1879, a Jendouba el 30 de septiembre y a Ghardimaou el 30 de marzo de 1880. Esta línea se construyó de acuerdo con las normas internacionales, como la TGM. El tramo que une Ghardimaou con Souk Ahras (Argelia) no se terminó hasta el 29 de septiembre de 1884. En 1894 se conectó con Bizerte a través de Djedeida y se completó con las rampas que unen Mateur con Beja (1912) y Tabarka (1922). La construcción y explotación de esta línea (inicialmente para dar servicio a las minas de plomo) se concedió a la compañía francesa hasta 1922. A partir de esa fecha, el Estado tunecino confió la explotación de la línea, tras su compra, a la Compagnie fermière des chemins de fer tunisiens en forma de arrendamiento.

Construcción de la red sur
Al mismo tiempo, y tras el descubrimiento por parte de Philippe Thomas en 1885 de considerables yacimientos de fosfatos en Jebel Selja, la Compagnie des phosphates et des chemins de fer de Gafsa obtuvo la concesión en 1897 con la condición de que estuvieran unidos por un ferrocarril al puerto de Sfax. La línea que une Sfax con Métlaoui vía Gafsa, realizada a expensas del concesionario y terminada en 1899 (al igual que la estrella minera Mdhilla-Tabedith-Redeyef-Moularès, que daba servicio a los distintos yacimientos). Se amplió en 1913 hacia Tozeur y en 1916 hacia Gabes. Al final de la concesión, la línea fue devuelta al Estado tunecino.

Además, la Compagnie des chemins de fer Bône-Guelma obtuvo la concesión de un ferrocarril entre Túnez y Susa (el tramo Túnez-Hammam Lif estaba terminado desde 1882) que construyó entre 1895 y 1899 con ramales hacia el Pont du Fahs, Cap Bon, Nabeul, Kairouan y Moknine. Esta parte de la red de vía estrecha se completó sucesivamente con las líneas que unían el Puente del Fahs con Ksar Ghilane (1906), que daba servicio a importantes minas de fosfato y de hierro, y luego con la línea que unía Susa con Henchir Souatir (1909). En 1911, se unió al resto de la red de la compañía mediante la línea Sousse-Sfax (129 kilómetros).

El ramal de Cap Bon se amplió en 1940 para dar servicio a los yacimientos de lignito de El Oudiane. Por último, el enlace entre Ksar Rhilane y la red argelina se construyó en 1930 y el ramal entre Haïdra y Kasserine, de interés estratégico, en 1940 a expensas del Estado francés.

Principios de los años 50
En 1952, la longitud total de las líneas explotadas era de 2.044 km, de los cuales: 456 km de vía normal y 1.110 km de vía métrica explotada por la Compagnie fermière des chemins de fer tunisiens: Estas líneas pertenecen al Estado tunecino pero se construyen en parte con la garantía del Estado francés. Su financiación corrió a cargo del presupuesto local, a excepción de la línea Túnez-Ghardimaou, comprada en 1922 a la Compagnie des chemins de fer Bône-Guelma; 440 km de vía métrica explotados por la Compagnie des phosphates et des chemins de fer de Sfax-Gafsa; 38 km de vía normal explotados por la Compagnie des tramways de Tunis.

Desde la independencia de Túnez
La red ferroviaria está gestionada por la Compañía Nacional de Ferrocarriles Tunecinos desde su creación en 1956 y cuenta con 74 estaciones.

Líneas de ancho estándar:

 TA: Línea de Túnez a Ghardimaou;
 1 : Línea de Djedeida a Bizerte;
 2 : Línea Mateur a Tamera
 3: Línea de Mateur a Sidi M'himech;
 4 : Línea de Tinja a Menzel Bourguiba;
 19 : Línea de Sidi Smaïl a La Merdja;

Líneas de ancho métrico:

 5: Línea de Túnez a Gabes;
 6: Línea de Djebel Jelloud a Kasserine;
 7 : Línea de Bir Kassa a La Goulette;
 8: Línea de Salines a Kef;
 9: Línea de Fej Tameur a Tajerouine;
 10 : Línea de Bir Bouregba a Nabeul
 11: Línea de Kalâa Seghira a Kasserine;
 12 : Línea Kalâa Seghira a Sousse;
 13: Línea de Ghraiba a Tozeur;
 14: Línea de Aguila a Sehib;
 15: Línea de Métlaoui a Kasserine
 16: Línea de Tabeddit a Redeyef
 17 : Línea de Founi a Hamada
 18: Línea M'saken a Moknine;
 20: Línea de Túnez a La Goulette (TGM);
 21: Línea de Gafsa a Aouinet;
 22: Metro del Sahel.

Notas y referencias

Bibliografía

Filmografía

 La Voie normale, película documental de 2019

Enlaces externos

Ferrocarril en Túnez
Wikiproyecto:África/Artículos


text:
Chiasmocleis jimi е вид жаба от семейство Тесноусти жаби (Microhylidae).

Разпространение
Този вид е разпространен в Бразилия.

Източници

Външни препратки

Chiasmocleis


text:
Balakən (district)
Balakən (stad)