text:
Kounis syndrome due to antibiotics: A global overview from pharmacovigilance databases
Francesca Renda, Elena Marotta, Giovanni Landoni, Alessandro Belletti, Virginia Cuconato, Luca Pani
IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
Background Kounis syndrome (KS) is characterized by concurrent presence of anaphylactic and cardiac components. Available evidence suggests that antibiotics are frequently associated to KS. We therefore analyzed KS cases associated with antibiotics use from the two largest pharmacovigilance databases. Methods Two pharmacovigilance databases, EudraVigilance and VigiLyze, were searched for cases reporting the adverse reaction "Kounis Syndrome" with antibiotics as suspected active substance. We analyzed the period from December 1st, 2001 to February 16th, 2016. For the most reported active substance, proportional reporting ratio (PRR) was calculated. Results A total of 10 cases of KS associated with antibiotic use were retrieved from EudraVigilance database. Mean patients' age was 58.2 years and 70% were male. The most frequently reported suspected antibiotic was the combination amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (four cases). VigiLyze database reported 13 KS cases associated to antibiotics. Mean age was 56 years and 61% of patients were male. The most frequently reported antibiotic was again the combination amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (five cases). Seven duplicate cases were identified, leaving a total of 16 cases of KS, with six of them associated to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid use. The PRR value for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid against other kinds of antibiotics was 2.62 considering EudraVigilance data and 1.61 considering VigiLyze data. Conclusions This analysis provided a complete picture of the cases of KS associated with antibiotic use and identified a possible association between amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and KS. Since the number of cases is low, especially considering its wide use, further analyses are needed to confirm the association.
International Journal of Cardiology
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.09.066
Coronary vasospasm
Drug hypersensitivity
10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.09.066
Dive into the research topics of 'Kounis syndrome due to antibiotics: A global overview from pharmacovigilance databases'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Kounis Syndrome Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Pharmacovigilance Medicine & Life Sciences 73%
Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination Medicine & Life Sciences 41%
Anti-Bacterial Agents Medicine & Life Sciences 37%
Renda, F., Marotta, E., Landoni, G., Belletti, A., Cuconato, V., & Pani, L. (2016). Kounis syndrome due to antibiotics: A global overview from pharmacovigilance databases. International Journal of Cardiology, 224, 406-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.09.066
Kounis syndrome due to antibiotics : A global overview from pharmacovigilance databases. / Renda, Francesca; Marotta, Elena; Landoni, Giovanni et al.
In: International Journal of Cardiology, Vol. 224, 01.12.2016, p. 406-411.
Renda, F, Marotta, E, Landoni, G, Belletti, A, Cuconato, V & Pani, L 2016, 'Kounis syndrome due to antibiotics: A global overview from pharmacovigilance databases', International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 224, pp. 406-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.09.066
Renda F, Marotta E, Landoni G, Belletti A, Cuconato V, Pani L. Kounis syndrome due to antibiotics: A global overview from pharmacovigilance databases. International Journal of Cardiology. 2016 Dec 1;224:406-411. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.09.066
Renda, Francesca ; Marotta, Elena ; Landoni, Giovanni et al. / Kounis syndrome due to antibiotics : A global overview from pharmacovigilance databases. In: International Journal of Cardiology. 2016 ; Vol. 224. pp. 406-411.
@article{28c929a745b244dc9acda21af50b8a53,
title = "Kounis syndrome due to antibiotics: A global overview from pharmacovigilance databases",
abstract = "Background Kounis syndrome (KS) is characterized by concurrent presence of anaphylactic and cardiac components. Available evidence suggests that antibiotics are frequently associated to KS. We therefore analyzed KS cases associated with antibiotics use from the two largest pharmacovigilance databases. Methods Two pharmacovigilance databases, EudraVigilance and VigiLyze, were searched for cases reporting the adverse reaction "Kounis Syndrome" with antibiotics as suspected active substance. We analyzed the period from December 1st, 2001 to February 16th, 2016. For the most reported active substance, proportional reporting ratio (PRR) was calculated. Results A total of 10 cases of KS associated with antibiotic use were retrieved from EudraVigilance database. Mean patients' age was 58.2 years and 70% were male. The most frequently reported suspected antibiotic was the combination amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (four cases). VigiLyze database reported 13 KS cases associated to antibiotics. Mean age was 56 years and 61% of patients were male. The most frequently reported antibiotic was again the combination amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (five cases). Seven duplicate cases were identified, leaving a total of 16 cases of KS, with six of them associated to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid use. The PRR value for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid against other kinds of antibiotics was 2.62 considering EudraVigilance data and 1.61 considering VigiLyze data. Conclusions This analysis provided a complete picture of the cases of KS associated with antibiotic use and identified a possible association between amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and KS. Since the number of cases is low, especially considering its wide use, further analyses are needed to confirm the association.",
keywords = "Acute coronary syndrome, Antibiotics, Coronary vasospasm, Drug hypersensitivity, Myocardial infarction, Rare diseases",
author = "Francesca Renda and Elena Marotta and Giovanni Landoni and Alessandro Belletti and Virginia Cuconato and Luca Pani",
doi = "10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.09.066",
journal = "International Journal of Cardiology",
T1 - Kounis syndrome due to antibiotics
T2 - A global overview from pharmacovigilance databases
AU - Renda, Francesca
AU - Marotta, Elena
AU - Landoni, Giovanni
AU - Belletti, Alessandro
AU - Cuconato, Virginia
AU - Pani, Luca
N2 - Background Kounis syndrome (KS) is characterized by concurrent presence of anaphylactic and cardiac components. Available evidence suggests that antibiotics are frequently associated to KS. We therefore analyzed KS cases associated with antibiotics use from the two largest pharmacovigilance databases. Methods Two pharmacovigilance databases, EudraVigilance and VigiLyze, were searched for cases reporting the adverse reaction "Kounis Syndrome" with antibiotics as suspected active substance. We analyzed the period from December 1st, 2001 to February 16th, 2016. For the most reported active substance, proportional reporting ratio (PRR) was calculated. Results A total of 10 cases of KS associated with antibiotic use were retrieved from EudraVigilance database. Mean patients' age was 58.2 years and 70% were male. The most frequently reported suspected antibiotic was the combination amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (four cases). VigiLyze database reported 13 KS cases associated to antibiotics. Mean age was 56 years and 61% of patients were male. The most frequently reported antibiotic was again the combination amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (five cases). Seven duplicate cases were identified, leaving a total of 16 cases of KS, with six of them associated to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid use. The PRR value for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid against other kinds of antibiotics was 2.62 considering EudraVigilance data and 1.61 considering VigiLyze data. Conclusions This analysis provided a complete picture of the cases of KS associated with antibiotic use and identified a possible association between amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and KS. Since the number of cases is low, especially considering its wide use, further analyses are needed to confirm the association.
AB - Background Kounis syndrome (KS) is characterized by concurrent presence of anaphylactic and cardiac components. Available evidence suggests that antibiotics are frequently associated to KS. We therefore analyzed KS cases associated with antibiotics use from the two largest pharmacovigilance databases. Methods Two pharmacovigilance databases, EudraVigilance and VigiLyze, were searched for cases reporting the adverse reaction "Kounis Syndrome" with antibiotics as suspected active substance. We analyzed the period from December 1st, 2001 to February 16th, 2016. For the most reported active substance, proportional reporting ratio (PRR) was calculated. Results A total of 10 cases of KS associated with antibiotic use were retrieved from EudraVigilance database. Mean patients' age was 58.2 years and 70% were male. The most frequently reported suspected antibiotic was the combination amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (four cases). VigiLyze database reported 13 KS cases associated to antibiotics. Mean age was 56 years and 61% of patients were male. The most frequently reported antibiotic was again the combination amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (five cases). Seven duplicate cases were identified, leaving a total of 16 cases of KS, with six of them associated to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid use. The PRR value for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid against other kinds of antibiotics was 2.62 considering EudraVigilance data and 1.61 considering VigiLyze data. Conclusions This analysis provided a complete picture of the cases of KS associated with antibiotic use and identified a possible association between amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and KS. Since the number of cases is low, especially considering its wide use, further analyses are needed to confirm the association.
KW - Acute coronary syndrome
KW - Antibiotics
KW - Coronary vasospasm
KW - Drug hypersensitivity
KW - Myocardial infarction
KW - Rare diseases
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.09.066
DO - 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.09.066
JO - International Journal of Cardiology
JF - International Journal of Cardiology


text:
Comptroller and Auditor General of India & Ors Vs. Mohan Lal Mehrotra & Ors [1991] INSC 263 (11 October 1991)
Yogeshwar Dayal (J) Yogeshwar Dayal (J) Shetty, K.J. (J)
CITATION: 1991 AIR 2288 1991 SCR Supl. (1) 482 1992 SCC (1) 20 JT 1991 (4) 138 1991 SCALE (2)789
CITATOR INFO : RF 1992 SC 561 (4)
Indian Audit & Accounts Department (Accounts Officers, Assistant Accounts Officers, and Assistant Audit Officers) Recruitment Rules, 1963--Filling up of posts by promotion on basis of seniority subject to fitness Reservation of posts for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes-Circular dated 25th January 1973--Validity of--Whether administrative instructions can be issued to supplement the statutory rules.
The respondents, Section Officers in the offices of the Accountant General I, II and III, Allahabad, filed a writ petition before the High Court challenging the validity of administrative instructions contained in Circular No. 172- NGE- 11/56-72-I dated 25th January, 1973 issued by the first appellant, regarding the reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in relation to filling up of posts by promotion on the basis of seniority subject to fitness, and praying that the first appellant and two others be re- strained from promoting three of the Section Officers, belonging to the Scheduled Castes to the post of Accounts Officer, contending that since the respondents were senior, those three Section Officers could not be promoted to the post of Accounts Officers through seniority quota before the respondents. It was also contended that the promotion to the post of Accounts Officers was regulated by Indian Audit & Accounts Department (Administrative Officers, Assistant Accounts Officers and Assistant Audit Officers) Recruitment Rules 1963 made by the President in exercise of the powers conferred by proviso to Article 309 and clause (5) of Arti- cle 148 of the Constitution after consultations with the Comptroller and Auditor General of India, which laid down that recruitment to the post of Administrative Officers, Assistant Accounts Officers and Assistant Audit Officers in the Indian Audit and Accounts Department was by promotion, that the rules did not contain any specific provisions for reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and hat the administrative instructions contained in the circu- lar could not be said to be rules made by the President after consultation with the first 483 appellant as contemplated by Article 148(5) of the Constitu- tion.
Allowing the writ petition, the High Court held that there was no reservation for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes made under the rules, that the administrative in- structions contained in the circular in question did not make provision for the proposed reservation in pursuance to the policy decision and that the statutory rules were not silent on the subject of promotion to the post of Assistant Accounts Officers, subsequently designated as Accounts Officers and, therefore, it was not open to the Government to supplement the statutory rules to fill up the gaps, which could be done by only amending the statutory rules in com- pliance with the provisions of Article 148(5) of the Consti- tution. Hence the appeal by the Department.
HELD: 1.1 The High Court is not right in stating that there cannot be an administrative order directing reserva- tion for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes as It would alter the statutory rules in force. The rules do not provide for any reservation. In fact, they are silent on the subject of reservation. The Government could direct the reservation by executive orders. No doubt, administrative orders cannot be Issued In contravention of the statutory rules, but they could be issued to supplement the statutory rules. In fact, similar circulars were issued by the Railway Board introduc- ing reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes In the Railway Services both for selection and non-selection categories of posts. They were issued to Implement the policy of the Central Government. [491 D-F] Santram Shams v. State of Rajasthan and Anr., [1968] 1 SCR 111 and Akhil Bhartiya Soshit Karamchari Sangh (Rail- ways) v. Union of India & Ors., [1981] 1 SCC 246, referred to.
1.2 It is true that the President has not issued the circular in question but the first appellant has issued it.
There was, however, proper consultation between the Govern- ment and the first appellant for issuing the circular. The infirmity pointed out that it was not issued in the name of the President, therefore, relates only to the form and not with regard to the substance. The circular, of course, ought to have been issued in the name of the President as required under. Article 148(5) of the Constitution, as it 484 affects the service conditions of persons in the Audit and Accounts Department. But since the Government has approved the circular and the circular was in accordance with the declared policy of reservation, the first appellant cannot be restrained from enforcing it. [491 G-H, 492 A-B] The circular in question is valid and binding. The circular by itself provides for reservation. The authorities concerned must take that into account while effecting promo- tions under the rules. [492 B]
From the Judgment and Order dated 21.8.1979 of the Allahabad High Court in Civil Misc. Writ No. 9724 of 1978.
J.D. Jain, A. Subba Rao, C.V.S. Rao and Ms. A. Subha- shini for the Appellants.
S.S. Khanduja, V.J. Francis and N.M. Popli for the Respondents.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by YOGESHWAR DAYAL, J. This appeal by special leave is directed against the judgment of the Division Bench of the High Court of Allahabad dated 21st August, 1979 whereby the High Court allowed the writ petition filed by the four petitioners therein and issued a writ of mandamus directing respondents 1, 2 and 3 (Comptroller & Auditor General of India, New Delhi, The Accountant General, I, U.P. Allahabad and the Union of In&a) not to enforce the circular dated 25th January, 1973 as a rule regarding reservation of Sched- uled Caste and Scheduled Tribes in relation to filling up of posts by promotion on the basis of seniority subject to fitness. The aforesaid respondents were further restrained from promoting respondents 4, 5 and 6 in the writ petition to the post of Accounts Officers on the basis of the im- pugned circular dated 25th January, 1973. We would continue to refer to the parties as per the cause title of the writ petition in the High Court.
The writ petition came to be filed by the petitioners, M.L. Mehrotra and three others. The petitioners said to be working as Section Officers in the office of the Accountant General I, II and III, Allahabad and they prayed for re- straining respondents 1, 2 and 3 from promoting Yamuna Prasad Kureel, respondent No. 4, Ram Raj Ram, respondent No. 5 and Ram Dihal, respondent No. 6, in the writ petition, who were working as 485 Section Officers and belonged to the Scheduled Caste, to the post of Accounts Officer.
The case of the writ petitioners was that they were senior to respondents 4, 5 and 6 and they cannot be promoted to the post of Accounts Officers through seniority quota before the writ petitioners. Their case was that the promo- tion to the post of Accounts Officers is regulated by the rules made by the President in exercise of the powers con- ferred by proviso to Article 309 and clause (5) of Article 148 of the Constitution after consultations with the Comp- troller and Auditor General of India. These rules are known as "Indian Audit & Accounts Department (Administrative Officers, Assistant Accounts Officers and Assistant Audit Officers) Recruitment Rules, 1963" (hereinafter referred to as the Rules). In the counter affidavit filed it was pleaded that the Assistant Accounts Officers and Assistant Audit Officers are now called Accounts Officers and Audit Offi- cers. The aforesaid rules lay down the method of recruitment to the post of Administrative Officers, Assistant Accounts Officers and Assistant Audit Officers in the Indian Audit and Accounts Department. The method of recruitment laid down in these rules in respect of these posts is by promotion.
They do not contain any specific provisions for reservation for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes.
The appellants herein relied upon the administrative instructions contained in the circular letter dated 25th January, 1973 issued by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India for the purpose of reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes for these promotion posts. The writ petitioners challenged the validity of these administrative instructions contained in the circular dated 25th January, 1973.
It was further pleaded that the lowest post in the Office of the Accountant General U.P. 1, I1 and II1 is of group 'D' employees who are selected directly on the basis of merit. There is a quota fixed for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Then there are posts of clerks, a fixed quota percentage of which is filled in directly through examination and quota is fixed for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The remaining posts of clerks are filled in by selection from class 'D' employees by promotion on the basis of seniority. The next higher posts are the post of Auditors. A fixed percentage whereof is filled in directly through examination and a quota is fixed for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The remaining posts of Auditors are filled in by promotion from clerks on the basis of seniority. The next higher post is of Section Officers in which the writ petitioners and respondents to the writ petition were working. These posts are filled in from the cadre of Auditors and clerks. The Auditors as well as 486 clerks have to pass examination known as Subordinate Ac- counts Service. Normally more candidates pass this examina- tion then the number of posts available for the Section Officers. Here also there is a quota fixed for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes candidates.
The post of Accounts Officers (i.e. the posts in question) are filled in by promotion from Section Officers. 50 per cent of the vacancies are filled on the basis of merit (called the merit quota) and the remaining 50 per cent are required to be filled in on the basis of seniority (called seniority quota). Normally the number of candidates avail- able in the merit quota are less than 50 per cent of the posts available; hence the number of posts available in seniority quota is usually more than 50 per cent. It was pleaded in the counter affidavit that the promotion will continue to be made in accordance the existing rules and orders on the subject namely those referred to above includ- ing the circular dated 25th January, 1973, validity of which had been challenged.
The High Court took the view
(1) that there is no reser- vation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made under the rules;
(2) that the administrative instructions con- tained in the circular No.172-NGE-ll/56-72-1 dated 25th January, 1973 issued from the office of Comptroller and Auditor General of India, New Delhi, inter alia, to all the Accountants General and the offices subordinate to them, on its own did not make a provision for the proposed reserva- tion in pursuance to the policy decision.
(3) It also took the view that the statutory rules were not silent on the subject of promotion to the post of Assistant Accounts Officer (now called Accounts Officers). This being so, it was not open to the Government to supplement the statutory rules to fill up the gaps. This could be done by only amend- ing the statutory rules in compliance with the provisions of Article 148(5) of the Constitution. The High Court drew support from a Division Bench of the Madras High Court in Accountant General, Tamil Nadu & Others v. Doraswami & Oth- ers, 1974 Labour Industrial Cases 384 and the decision of the Orissa High Court in the Original Jurisdiction cases No. 357 and 359 of 1977, P. Parbhakar Rao v. Union of India decided on 31st of July, 1978. The High Court took the view that the administrative Instructions contained in the circu- lar letter dated 25th January, 1973 cannot help respondents and no reservations for Scheduled Castes and not Scheduled Tribes can be made on that basis. The High Court accordingly allowed the writ petition as stated earlier.
Before the High Court the counsel for the writ petition- ers also submitted that the administrative instructions contained in the circular dated 487 25th January, 1973 could not be said to be the rules made by the President after consultations with the Comptroller and Auditor General of India as contemplated by Article 148(5) of the Constitution and referred to the language of the circular letter dated 25th January, 1973. A supplementary counter-affidavit of Shri P.P. Dhir, Accountant General-l had also been filed where it was stated that the language used in the circular in substance, are the orders of the President. The High Court took the view that no other mate- rial has been referred to in the counter affidavit filed, which will show that the instructions contained in the circular dated 25th January, 1973 were based on the decision of the President of India. However, the High Court held that they considered it unnecessary to go into this question any further since they had already held that the administrative instructions contained in the circular were of no avail to the respondents in the writ petition as they could not alter the statutory rules in force.
It appears the Department of Personnel issued a memoran- dum No. 27/2/71.Estt..(SCT) dated 27th November, 1972 to all Ministries. The subject of this memorandum was reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in posts filled by promotion on the basis of seniority subject to fitness. This memorandum noted in paragraph 2 thereof that the policy in regard to reservation for Scheduled Castes and ScheduLed Tribes officers in posts to be filled by promotion on the basis of seniority subject to fitness now has been reviewed and it has been decided, in supersession of the orders contained in the aforesaid para 2-C of the O.M. dated 11th July, 1968 that there will be reservation at 15 percent for Scheduled Castes and 7 1/2 per cent for Scheduled Tribes in promotions made on the basis of seniority subject to fit- ness, in grades or services in which the element of direct recruitment, if any, does not exceed 50 per cent and gave detailed procedure how promotions have to be made on the basis of seniority subject to fitness in the light of the aforesaid reservations. It was stated in the memorandum that the Ministry of Finance etc. arc requested kindly to bring the above decisions to the notice of all attached and subor- dinate offices under them and semi-Government and autonomous bodies. This memorandum also stated in paragraph 6 thereof as under:
"In so far as officers serving under Indian Audit & Accounts Department are concerned, separate orders will issue in due course." Thereafter, Shri S. Krishnan, Deputy Secretary, De- partment of Personnel, Cabinet Secretariat, New Delhi wrote a D.C. No. 27/2/71-Estt 488 (SCT) dated 1st January, 1973 to Shri R. Hariharan, Assist- ant Comptroller & Auditor General (N), Office of the Comp- troller and Auditor General of India, New Delhi. In this letter the Deputy Secretary of the Department of Personnel wrote as under - "Dear Shri Hariharan, Please refer to your D.O. letter No.2859/NGEII/56-72 dated the 24th November, 1972 regarding reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in posts filled by promotion on the basis of seniority subject to fitness.
2. A copy of the orders issued in this Department's O.M. No.27/2/71- Est(SCT) dated 27.11.1972 has already been endorsed to the C. & A.G. A copy of the said O.M. is enclosed for ready reference. We shall be grateful to know whether separate instructions which are pro- posed to be issued by C. & A.G. in this regard in respect of persons serving under the Indian Audit & Accounts Department have since been finalised. The draft of the instructions may please be shown to us, if since finalised. I need hardly emphasise that it is desirable to expedite issue of such orders.
Yours sincerely, sd/- (S. Krishnan)" Thereafter, the Assistant Comptroller & Auditor General (P) also met the said Deputy Secretary of the Department of Personnel and also sent a draft of instructions proposed to be issued to the offices under the Comptroller and Auditor General of India to Deputy Secretary, Department of Person- nel vide a D.O.letter No.20-NGE-II/56-72-I dated 5th Janu- ary, 1973 by Shri R. Hariharan, Assistant Comptroller and Auditor General, Office of Comptroller and Auditor General of India, New Delhi. Alongwith this letter a draft of in- structions proposed to be issued to the offices under the Comptroller and Auditor General was forwarded. The Deputy Secretary, Department of Personnel, Shri S. Krishnan vide their communication dated 22nd January, 1973 informed Shri R. Hariharan, aforesaid, that the draft of instructions proposed to be issued were in order and it was requested that a copy of the instructions when issued may be 489 sent to their department. It was in pursuance of these consultations that the impugned circular dated 25th January, 1973 was issued from the office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India, New Delhi. For facility of under- standing the relevant part of the circular dated 25th Janu- ary, 1973 issued from the office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India, New Delhi is reproduced hereunder:
No.172-NGE-II/56-72-I OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER & AUDITOR GENERAL OF INDIA, NEW DELHI- 1.
Dated the 25-1-1973.
To All Accountants General and Offices subordi- nate to them.
All Chief Auditors of Rlys. and offices subor- dinate to them.
All Regional Directors of Commercial Audit, Chief Auditors of Commercial Accounts and offices subordinate to them.
The Directors, I.A. & A.S. Staff College, Simla.
The Director of Audit, Defence Services and offices subordinate to him.
The Assistant Comptroller and Auditor General (P).
(For G.E.I, G.E.II, &OE & A.Sections) Subject:- Reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in posts filled by promotion - promotions on the basis of sen- iority subject to fitness.
Sir, I am to invite a reference to para 3(c) of this office circular letter No. 1989- NGE.II/89-68, dated 3.10.1968 according to which there is no reservation for Scheduled Castes & 490 Scheduled Tribes in appointments made by promotion on the basis of seniority subject to fitness although cases involving supersession of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribe Officers in Class II appointments are required to be submitted for prior approval of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India and the cases involving supersession of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe officers in Class III & Class IV appointments have to be report- ed within a month to the Comptroller and Auditor General of India for information.
2. The policy in regard to reserva- tions of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe officers in posts filled by promotion on the basis of seniority subject to fitness has now been reviewed by the Government of India in consultation with the Comptroller and Auditor General of India and it has been decided, in supersession of the orders contained in the aforesaid para 3(c) of our circular letter dated 3.10.1968 that there will be reservation at 15% for Scheduled Caste and 71% for Sched- uled Tribes in promotions made on the basis of seniority subject to fitness in appointments to all Class I, Class II, Class III and Class IV posts in grades, of services in which the element of direct recruitment, if any does not exceed 50%.
3. The above orders will necessitate reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in promotions made on the basis of seniority subject to fitness to the following grades in the I.A. & A.D.
Promotions from Class III to Class II The existing procedure of promotions to A.Os. grade will not undergo any change, as far as the posts filled by selection is con- cerned. Reservation to the extent of 15% for Scheduled Castes and 7 1/4% for Scheduled Tribes will, however, have to be made with reference to the number of posts of Accounts Officers filled in a year on the basis of seniority subject to fitness and for this purpose, a roster maintained in respect of such promotions.
----- ------- ------- ------ ------ -------- 491
4. The following procedure may be followed to give effect to the decision men- tioned in paragraph 2 above.
4. The above instructions take effect from 27.11.1972 except where a Select List, if any, for promotion by seniority subject to fitness has' already been prepared by a De- partmental Promotion Committee and approved by the appropriate authority before issue of these orders (i.e. 27.11.1972).
The receipt of this circular letter may kindly be acknowledged.
Yours faithfully, Sd/- (R. Hariharan) Asstt. Comptr. & Ar. Genl.(N) The High Court is not right in stating that there cannot be an administrative order directing reservation for Sched- uled Castes and Scheduled Tribes as it would alter the statutory rules in force. The rules do not provide for any reservation. In fact, it is silent on the subject of reser- vation. The Government could direct the reservation by executive orders. The administrative orders cannot be issued in contravention of the statutory rules but it could be issued to supplement the statutory rules. (See: the observa- tions in Santram Sharma v. State of Rajasthan and Anr., [1968] 1 SCR 111. In fact similar circulars were issued by the Railway Board introducing reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Railway services both for selection and non-selection categories of posts. They were issued to implement the policy of the Central Government and they have been upheld by this Court in Akhil Bhartiya Soshit Karamchari Sangh (Railways) v. Union of India & ors. [1981] 1 SCC 246.
The High Court has also touched upon the validity of the impugned circular and stated that they were not issued by the President after consultation with the Comptroller & Auditor General. In the present case, the President has not issued the circular, but Comptroller and Auditor General has issued it. There was however, proper consultation between the Government and the Comptroller & Auditor General for issuing the circular. The infirmity pointed out that it was not issued in the name of the 492 President, therefore, relates only about the form and not with regard to the substance. The circular of course, ought to have been issued in the name of the President as required under Article 148(5) of the Constitution, as it affects the service conditions of persons in the Audit and Accounts Department. But since the Government has approved the circu- lar and the circular was in accordance with the declared policy of reservation, we do not want to restrain the Comp- troller & Auditor General from enforcing it.
We are thus of the view that the impugned circular is valid and binding. The circular by its own provides for reservation. The authorities concerned must take that into account while affecting promotions under the rules. The result is that the impugned judgment of the High Court is set aside and the appeal is allowed.
In the circumstances of the case, however, we make no order as to costs.
N.P.V. Appeal allowed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Gates Foundation head of global health talks WHO, Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
The spread of Zika across the Americas, on the heels of the devastation caused by the Ebola virus in West Africa in 2015, has many wondering how global health institutions are adapting to combat pandemics.
Trevor Mundel, president of global health at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, said "a lot needs to be done" to prepare now for the next global crisis. From rethinking the World Health Organization's role and funding to embracing health innovations such as the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Mundel, who oversees the Gates Foundation's work in vaccine and diagnostic innovation, is looking for new ideas.
Devex spoke with Mundel on the sidelines of the 2016 Grand Challenges annual meeting in London last month. Below is our conversation, lightly edited for length and clarity.
How do you feel the Ebola response has shaped the response to Zika? How do you balance funding for pandemic response and longer-term work on health systems?
One thing that comes up with Zika following Ebola is how do we have a better system for pandemic response? Yes, people are more focused on this issue, but nevertheless there's a lot that needs to be done in the event that we have a real global pandemic and would need to respond to that.
Source: Devex (link opens in a new window)
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, global health, zika


text:
BBC TV Drama Writers' Programme 2022
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Applications to the 2022 TV Drama Writers' Programme are open from Wednesday 28th July 2021 to 12 noon on Monday 13th September 2021 for credited and/or agented writers.. Please see BBc's invitation to apply below:
TV Drama Writers Room Programme 2022
Please read the full Terms and Conditions of Entry
Writers must have at least ONE professionally produced piece of narrative scriptwriting work, a minimum of 30 minutes in length, in television, radio, theatre or film. Novels are ineligible and will not be accepted. ALTERNATIVELY writers must have an agent, supplying address and contact details.
Writers are asked to submit an original spec script (minimum 50 pages) and a one-page pitch outlining a potential series or serial idea for BBC One, BBC Two or BBC Three. The original spec script can be film, theatre, television or radio – any medium except for novels.
The pitch needs to be a different idea from the spec script. It should be as distinctive as possible, bearing in mind the current, competitive TV landscape in the UK and abroad.
The aim of the Programme is to give writers their first original television drama series or serial commission.
Writers must not have an original idea in development (beyond treatment stage) with BBC Television Drama. Writers in development outside the BBC are eligible to apply.
Writers must not have had a previous original series or serial commission from BBC One, BBC Two or BBC Three.
Writers must demonstrate a burning desire to write television drama.
Writers will need to submit their CV highlighting produced credit or credits, an original spec script and a one page pitch (all saved as PDF) via the BBC Writersroom E-Submissions System only. The spec script should be an original, full-length script (minimum 50 pages) and not an episode of an existing drama series.
To make their submissions, writers must submit (PDF only) via the BBC Writersroom using this link
E-Submissions System – https://writersroom.external.bbc.co.uk/opportunity/202
Deadline: 12 noon on Monday 13th September 2021
There are 10 places; and we shall be shortlisting 15-20 writers for the scheme.
The first round of interviews will be held in early 2022 (dates tbc). Shortlisted writers will then have meetings with independent production companies in February/March 2022.
We will then inform the successful 10 writers.
Selected writers must be free to attend a three day intensive workshop in 2022 (dates tbc) and available to write their script and attend a series of writing workshops, lectures and readings across the subsequent months. They will also receive notes on their pitches and each draft of their treatment and script.
SCRIPT FEE
Writers will be commissioned to write a minimum of two drafts of a treatment and a minimum of three drafts of their original script. They will be paid a minimum script fee as agreed by the WGGB/PMA and the BBC on a favoured nations basis (currently £13,320 for 60 minutes).
ENTRY FAQS
It is essential that applicants have an interest in and enthusiasm for television drama. Submissions will be assessed on the strength of the writing and the originality of the pitch.
Applicants must be resident in the UK or Republic of Ireland.
The Logline, medium and genre on the E-submissions form refers to the spec script and not the pitch.
Submissions must be the writer's original work, and may not be based wholly or in part, on the work of any other person, whether known, published, produced, or not (i.e. no adaptations).
As well as individual writers, writing partnerships of two (maximum) may enter. Scripts submitted must be written by the partnership.
No feedback can be given on unsuccessful submissions.
If you have any questions, contact writersroom@bbc.co.uk
Find out more about the TV Drama Writers' Programme and the writers and production companies who have taken part in the scheme
Find out how the TV Drama Writers' Programme fits into the range of opportunities from BBC Writersroom for writers at different stages of their careers
*Please Note: This is a separate scheme from our open submission Script Room, with more restricted entry criteria*
Source: www.bbc.co.uk
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Job Alert: 1st Assistant Camera
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Experienced 1st AC is needed asap for a production filming in Birmingham on Friday. Pay is £200.00 a day plus meals and a good opportunity to work closely with a really experienced Director/DOP in Birmingham. Applicants should be part of or understanding of the LGBTQ+ community.
You need to be registered on the Film Birmingham database to apply (it's free). If you're available and want to be put forward for the job, please then email wpmm@filmbirmingham.co.uk with '1AC' in the subject line. We will then pass your CV onto the production company and they will be in touch with you directly. If you need to update your CV on the database, please follow this link, using your registered email address to login and the password which you created. If you've forgotten your password, just click the 'forgotten password' option.
Job Alert: Casting AP
Full Fat produce innovative and popular factual content for British and international broadcasters, platforms and distributors.
They are looking for a dynamic Casting AP, able to start immediately, to join an experienced team working on a new 2 part, peak time, documentary series for Channel 4. Extensive experience of casting contributors for documentary series essential, ideally with experience casting people living alternative lifestyles.
The role is to start immediately and will initially run up until 18th June. They are a Birmingham based company however, due to current Government restrictions, they anticipate the successful applicant will work remotely.
Full Fat are committed to sharing job opportunities with creative, diverse talent working in the industry.
Please send your CV with 'Casting AP' in the subject line to production@fullfattv.co.uk.
If you are happy for them to keep your CV on file, please add the following disclaimer to the top of your CV 'I consent to you keeping my details on file and distributing for employment purposes.' Due to the expected high volume of applicants, please note that only shortlisted candidates will be contacted.
For more industry information, visit Film Birmingham's news page.
Or add us on Instagram, Twitter or Facebook.
Job Alert: Director
Are you a director from/based in Birmingham or the West Midlands? A production is seeking two directors from the region for a four-part Horror anthology feature film being developed by a group of talented West Midlands writers, directors and producers.
Applicants must have a minimum 2-3 solid short films behind them and/or narrative driven visually impressive music promos/ads. The production is especially interested in hearing from female directors with a passion for the genre. Scripts are in place, so applicants must be happy to work on other writers' material.
No first-timers or students please.
If you are interested, please contact paulgreenbfilmicro@gmail.com with CV and examples of work (preferably whole films and not edited showreels).
Job Alert: Shooting Producer
They are looking for a Shooting Producer, able to start immediately, to join an experienced team working on a new 2 part, peak time, UK Travelogue for Channel 4 . Initially you'll be helping with the final casting and recceing of stories prior to a 5 week shoot in June- early July. The shoot will have a full crew and experienced director. You must be a strong shooter on FS7 or similar, and a good team player. Experience of Travelogues and or immersive presenter led shows, preferably humorous ones, would be ideal.
The role will involve remote working initially so good communication and organisational skills will be important. The role will also involve some casting, so experience in targeting, cold calling and setting up and editing Zoom calls is important. The ability to build trusting relationships with contributors is essential.
The role is to start immediately and could initially be part time from the 10th May for 2 weeks or full time from the 17th. It will finish at the end of the shoot; currently scheduled to be 2nd July. They are a Birmingham based company however, due to current Government restrictions, we are currently working remotely.
Please send your CV with a covering letter to – production@fullfattv.co.uk
If you are happy for them to keep your CV on file, please add the following disclaimer to the top of your CV 'I consent to you keeping my details on file and distributing for employment purposes.' Please note that only successful candidates will be contacted for an interview.
Job Alert: Production Coordinator
Full Fat TV is seeking an experienced Production Coordinator from early May to mid-August to work on a new Factual Entertainment series for Channel 4.
The ideal candidate must have strong organisational and planning skills with proven experience of setting up location filming and negotiating costs. Responsibilities will include generating call-sheets, booking crews, liaising with research and edit teams along with providing general support to the Production Manager to ensure the smooth running of the schedule and shoots. A thorough knowledge of post-production, with experience of completing post-production paperwork on Silver and Sound Mouse are desired.
If you have solid experience in all of the above and think this sounds like you, do apply. They particularly welcome applications from underrepresented groups.
Full Fat TV is a Birmingham based company; however, due to current Government restrictions, the successful applicant could be working remotely, so applications from across the UK can be considered.
Please send a CV and covering letter to production@fullfattv.co.uk with the job title in the subject line. If you are happy for them to keep your CV on file, please add the following disclaimer to the top of your CV 'I consent to you keeping my details on file and distributing for employment purposes.'
The company is committed to sharing job opportunities with creative, diverse talent working in the industry. Due to the expected high volume of applicants, please note that we will only be able to contact candidates who are selected for interview.
Job Alert: Production Manager
Full Fat TV is looking for an experienced Production Manager ideally from mid-May up until 3 Sept 2021 to work on a landmark 1 x 60' music documentary for BBC2.
Responsibilities include managing the overall schedule, budget and post-production delivery paperwork whilst working closely with the editorial team to meet Channel deadlines.
The ideal candidate will have experience of managing productions that have complex rights clearance for archive and music content and working with high profile talent. Full Fat is a Birmingham based company; however, due to current Government restrictions, we anticipate the successful applicant will work remotely, therefore they can consider flexible working and applications from across the UK.
Please send a CV and covering letter to production@fullfattv.co.uk with the job title in the subject line. If you are happy for us to keep your CV on file, please add the following disclaimer to the top of your CV 'I consent to you keeping my details on file and distributing for employment purposes.'
The company is committed to sharing job opportunities with creative, diverse talent working in the industry. Due to the expected high volume of applicants, please note that they will only be able to contact candidates who are selected for interview.
Job Alert: Location Coordinator – LS Productions
LS Productions' Location Department is expanding in England or Wales, and they're on the hunt for a Location Coordinator!
As LS Productions' Location Coordinator, you will assist the Head of Locations and Location Manager with running the Location Department (all the shoots the Location Department facilitates plus location-related business development on behalf of LS Productions). You must have 3+ years experience working in a Location Department. This is a permanent role.
Required skills are: 3+ years experience, Clean Drivers Licence, Confident managing workflow, Impeccable organisation skills, Confident delegating tasks, Creative thinker, Attention to detail
You will be responsible for the workflow of each shoot LS facilitates on behalf of the department. This includes overseeing the collation of all information from the client, location images, site plans, information regarding locations and crew pencils. You will take overarching responsibility for the collation of the above.
Also, you will:
oversee the addition of new locations to the database and ensure this is being recorded and actioned correctly in line with LS procedure.
assist the Location Manager to present suitable locations to clients and to contact owners, arrange recces, negotiate fees and carry out all necessary location pre-production where required; ensuring you deal with all enquiries in the most efficient way.
assist with contacting Location Owners, Scouts and Location Managers for both live jobs and general enquiries and you will ensure that you capture all contacts and notes on the database for future use.
work with the Head of Locations to organise content for location-related marketing material and help monitor the location section of our website ensuring locations are kept up to date and current, based on trends in briefs and the acquisition of new locations. You will be responsible for tracking what clients are asking for and feeding this into plans for database development.
keep up to date with location news in the industry, and share thiswith the Head of Locations to inform future strategy.
be responsible for scouting and arranging scouting for the database as briefed by the Head of Locations.
be required to scout, recce and work shoots at various levels within the department as the size of the shoot requires.
3+ years working in a Location Department. Those with experience in film offices, location agencies, production companies, screen agencies (or similar) and/or working freelance will be considered.
Confidence managing workflow, delegating tasks and impeccable organisation skills.
The ability to think creatively and find imaginative solutions to location briefs.
Driving License.
High aptitude for tackling research projects to unearth the seemingly impossible, working with high attention to detail.
Experience managing a database and a high level of computer literacy, including DAMS, CRMs, Adobe Lightroom and Microsoft Office.
Experience representing a company to clients and location owners, from the office and on set.
Ability to manage projects and budgets independently.
Good connections within the industry, with a desire to build on this.
You will report to Head of Locations Amy Morement and in her absence Sarah Drummond, MD.
You will work remotely initially with a view to working both remotely and from the LS office in either Manchester or London in future. Applications from candidates based anywhere in England or Wales will be considered, and longer term remote working could be supported for this role.
You will be required to travel to meetings and set where required and expenses will be provided for this.
Send your CV and cover letter explaining why you'd be perfect for this role to locations@lsproductions.com
In the subject line: LS Productions | Location Coordinator | Your Name
Deadline Friday 30th April 2021
Source: lsproductions.com
Channel 4's Black to Front Promotes Diverse Programming
To amplify the conversations around representation and diversity in the industry, 2021 will see Channel 4 disrupt its regular schedule to broadcast 24 hours of television showcasing Black talent on and off screen.
Black to Front features major new commissions and reimagines some of Channel 4's biggest mainstream shows to focus on Black talent and transform Black representation in front of and behind the camera. It aims to amplify Black talent, stories, and voices by bringing them to the forefront on screen and behind the camera.
They are currently expanding talent pools for new and existing flagship Channel 4 shows featuring as part of Black To Front and beyond, to include more people from currently under-represented groups.
Join Black To Front
For unscripted shows, based in Wales, Manchester, Leeds and London we'd like to hear from:
Show Runners
Studio Directors
Self-shooting Directors
Consumer Researchers
Anyone With Live Show Experience
Senior Talent With Reality/Docu-soap/Ob Doc Experience
Deputy Editors (Must Have A Journalism Background)
anyone with live show experience and senior talent with Reality/Docu-soap/OB doc experience
If you would like to be considered for any of the roles below, please send your CV. CVs are welcomed from anyone with the relevant skills or experience, although we'd really love to hear from Black talent as they are less represented
If you have the relevant experience or transferable skills and would like to be considered for one of these roles, please email your CV and availability across 2021 to btftalent@channel4.co.uk by Monday 22 March. Please include the ROLE you'd like to be considered for in the email subject. In your email please also include a line on why you'd like to be part of Black To Front.
Relevant CVs will be shared with indies who will then be in contact.
Please ensure your CV includes permission for it to be kept on file and shared.
About Black To Front
Black to Front is an ambitious day of programming for Autumn 2021 which will see Channel 4's entire programming schedule fronted by Black talent as part of the Channel's ongoing commitment to improve Black representation both on and off screen. To ensure that the project drives significant and sustainable change within the industry, Channel 4 is working with The Sir Lenny Henry Centre for Media Diversity to help shape meaningful off-screen commitments to ensure the day leaves a lasting legacy.
The day's programming will reimagine some of Channel 4's biggest flagship shows including Celebrity Gogglebox, Countdown and the Channel 4 News with an all-Black presenting and reporting team. Hollyoaks will be an hour-long special written, directed and performed by its Black talent and Mo Gilligan will front a one off special of The Big Breakfast.
Crucially, Black to Front will also launch a series of new commissions including original scripted comedy led by Black talent; a returnable unscripted prime-time popular factual series providing an authentic look at Black lives and a provocative, live late-night topical discussion show.
Briefs: Unscripted
As part of the day of programming we have committed to launching a new 4 part 10pm unscripted series that reflects Black British life. We are totally open to what shape this series takes, it could be reality, docusoap, a new format, constructed, provocative in form and tone or of course broad factual entertainment.
The series should be relatable and absolutely authentic in its portrayal of Black lives and the ambition is for this to be something we can grow so it should ideally be returnable rather than a one off.
This is a great opportunity in a space no other broadcaster is currently working so what do you think Channel 4, born risky, the home of underrepresented groups should be doing in this space?
Late Night Topical Live Show
We are looking for a bold, provocative new live topical show as part of Black to Front to TX at 11pm. We want to hear ideas for a new late night programme that will feel totally of the moment, disruptive, challenging and full of Channel 4 attitude.
Combining the unfiltered, unpredictable energy of After Dark with the attitude of Channel 4's best-loved live topical and entertainment shows. We want to be immersed in the most interesting arguments of the day but also to tackle the arguments about race and representation which the Takeover seeks to address.
We want the programme to feel dynamic and provocative in the best traditions of Channel 4 – but don't want it to feel like we're just chasing clickbait. It should feel challenging, surprising, entertaining and intelligent. We want to hear how your live late night topical show will come crashing into a new age, pushing the genre on.
We are keen to hear ideas involving the most exciting talents around – from the established to the new. Please think broadly about people who would really bring an audience and create a buzz. They may well not be from TV, but instead from politics or film, journalism or music. But they must have a point of view and be compelling and charismatic enough to add a tone and flavour to the show that feels C4 and makes you want to watch.
Talent names should be attached to submissions – with interest secured if possible.
Interactivity is important – but it should flow naturally from the way the show is designed.
We want to explore what could be done with the look and layout to deliver a show that's energetic and visually stimulating. We're also keen to know whether you want to include VTs – and what these would be like. And what would you do that would create a buzz around the show and work across all platforms, not just within the live linear show.
We're on the hunt for original scripted comedy ideas that come from, celebrate and support Black talent front and centre.
The industry is speaking about race and diversity with a passion that is vital, demanding, timely and exciting and some key themes have emerged in the discourse.
On-screen, representation of Black British life and experience is lacking.
Off-screen, we have an industry wide problem that talent from BAME backgrounds aren't getting enough experience and support to progress in the industry.
We want funny, ambitious ideas that take these issues to heart, using them to help shape the pitches we receive. There will be lots of routes to making this happen, so we're open to collaborative, imaginative conversations from indies big and small about how best to do this together.
In terms of what type of show, the wider C4 Comedy brief is simple: We want sitcoms that reflect the UK back at itself. Broad, clever, returnable shows, full of memorable characters that help us feel connected to each other. Think about what we make and how that makes us distinctive. Writer performers have a long and successful legacy with us (Catastrophe, Stath Lets Flats, Chewing Gum, This Way Up, Maxxx, Feel Good) but writer led projects that celebrate a specific take on the universal are also a big win for us. (Derry Girls, Friday Night Dinner) The sweet spot for C4 comedy? Surprising, truly original and bloody funny!
A real gap for us is new family sit-coms. Derry Girls and Friday Night Dinner are two of our biggest shows – instantly recognisable characters, high gag count, multi-generational and covering universal themes of family and relationships. So we're especially keen to hear ideas in this territory from writers new and established. Ideas will dictate what path development takes.
Process for Submissions
NEW SUBMISSIONS ARE NOW CLOSED FOR THE LIVE TOPICAL SHOW.
NEW SUBMISSIONS ARE NOW CLOSED FOR THE COMEDY BRIEF.
10pm unscripted ideas can be pitched to any commissioning editor in any unscripted department.
All commissions will need to be ready to TX by September 2021. In light of the ever changing restrictions caused by the pandemic, proposal documents should include an outline of how your production can be produced Covid safe.
We want to know how under-represented voices, groups and topics will be involved in your programme on and off screen given the aims of the the Black to Front project.
We particularly welcome pitches from production companies where the main shareholders, the leading decision-makers or the creative leaders comprise those from a Black, Asian and minority ethnic background.
NEW SUBMISSIONS ARE NOW CLOSED FOR UNSCRIPTED.
Similar Ideas
By the very nature of this process, Channel 4 may receive different pieces of work from different producers which resemble each other and in some cases similar or identical ideas may be generated independently.
By taking part in this process, you are confirming that the idea submitted will be original, owned by you and free of third party rights.
Source: www.channel4.com
Full Fat Television Seeks Development AP – Deadline March 19th
Full Fat Television is seeking a talented, tenacious and ambitious Development AP to join our expanding development team working across their factual entertainment slate. The company produces innovative and popular factual content for British and international broadcasters, platforms and distributors.
They are looking for someone passionate who has a solid track record in development and who is brimming with ideas. Reporting to the Director of Development, the successful candidate will be responsible for generating and pitching new ideas; writing proposals; designing premium decks and cutting sizzles for a range of broadcasters and genres.
You should have a strong grasp of the TV/digital landscape and an in-depth understanding of commissioner needs.
Skillset and Responsibilities:
You must be able to originate entertaining ideas that feel relevant, now and must-have.
You must be a strong researcher and fast writer with the ability to format and structure shows as well as execute entertaining proposals.
You must have solid experience designing premium looking decks using Indesign/Powerpoint/Photoshop.
Experience of cutting sizzles is desirable.
You'll have a strong eye for talent.
You'll have experience of casting experts and contributors for sizzle reels.
You must be a strong multi-tasker and work well under pressure.
If this sounds like you we would love to hear from you. Please send a CV and covering letter with the role you are applying for in the subject line to production@fullfattv.co.uk
CLOSING DATE 19th March
Immediate Start. Six months contract.
Full Fat Television is committed to sharing job opportunities with creative, diverse talent working in the industry.
The roles are Birmingham based; however, due to current Government restrictions, we anticipate the successful applicant will work remotely.
If you are happy for us to keep your CV on file, please add the following disclaimer to the top of your CV 'I consent to you keeping my details on file and distributing for employment purposes.'
Due to the expected high volume of applicants, please note that we will only be able to contact candidates who are selected for interview.


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Tag Archives: Destro
Production and post boutique Destro opens in LA
Industry veterans Drew Neujahr, Sean McAllen, and Shane McAllen have partnered to form Destro, a live-action and post production boutique based in Los Angeles. Destro has already developed and produced an original documentary series, Seed, which profiles artists and innovators across a range of disciplines. In addition, the team has recently worked on projects for Google, Nintendo and Michelin.
Destro's primary focus will be producing, directing, and post on live-action projects. However, with the partners' extensive background in motion and VFX, the team is adept at executing mixed-media pipelines when the occasion calls.
With the launch of original studio projects like Seed, Destro sees an opportunity not only to showcase its own voice but to present a case study to forge symbiotic relationships with brands that have real stories to tell about their teams, products, users, and core values.
"Great ideas don't always happen at conception," says Neujahr. "When the weather changes during production or the client rethinks the concept in post, being able to improvise and adjust brings about the best work."
Neujahr and the McAllen brothers bring a combined 45 years of experience spanning commercial and film production, post production and entertainment branding/marketing.
Neujahr's experience includes features and marketing as both a producer and a creative. He has directed short films, commercials and the documentary series Western State. As a producer, head of production and executive producer at top motion graphics and visual effects studios in LA, he oversaw spots for Ford, Burger King, Walmart, Nickelodeon, FX and History.
Sean McAllen is a seasoned film and commercial editor who has crafted both short-form and long-form work for Ford, Chevy, Nissan, Toyota, Red Bull, Google and Samsung. He also co-wrote and edited the Emmy-nominated documentary feature Houston We Have a Problem. McAllen got his start co-founding a Tokyo/Los Angeles-based production company, where he directed commercials, broadcast documentaries and entertainment marketing content.
Shane McAllen is a veteran of the film and commercial industry. His feature editing credits include contributions to Iron Man 3 and Captain America: The Winter Soldier. On the commercial side, he has worked on campaigns for BMW, Apple and Nintendo. He is also an accomplished writer, producer and director who has worked on a bevy of projects for Google AR and two product reveals for the Nintendo Switch.
"We all got into this crazy world because we love telling stories," concludes Sean McAllen. "And we share a mutual respect for each other's craft. Ultimately, our strength is our approachability. We're the ones who pick up the phone, answer the emails, make the coffee, and do the work."
Main Image: (L-R) Sean McAllen, Drew Neujahr, and Shane McAllen
This entry was posted in News, post production, production and tagged Destro, post production, production on November 5, 2019 by Randi Altman.


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Get your desired Band score in least possible time
Email: info@meoverseas.com
International English Language Testing System is an international standardised test of English language proficiency. It is jointly managed by the British Council and IDP Education Pvt Ltd. There are two versions of the IELTS, the Academic Version and the General Training Version.The Academic Version is intended for those who want to enrol in universities and other institutions of higher education. The General Training Version is intended for those planning to undertake non-academic training, it is widely used for immigration purposes. IELTS is accepted by most English speaking academic institutions Overseas. It may also be used for immigration purposes to Australia, New Zealand and Canada etc. No minimum score is required to pass the IELTS test. An IELTS result or Test Report Form is issued to all candidates with a score from 1 (no knowledge) to 9 (expert user).
ielts CAMB. Book 14 T1S1
https://eximforms.com/IELTS/Camb/C14T1S1.mp3
IELTS READING TASKS (ACADEMIC) IELTS Dwarka
IELTS READING TASKS (IELTS Dwarka)
IELTS SAMPLE READING TASK 1
Every day, all over the world, unwanted waste is disposed of from both domestic and commercial sources, usually with insufficient attention paid to the resulting problems. The increase in excess refuse and how to dispense with it has become a major headache for the government and the environmental agencies.
This has certainly been the case in Britain where there has been a steady rise in the amount of rubbish generated in recent years. In industry, the mining, agriculture and construction sectors are the biggest culprits, being amongst the greatest producers of waste. Also, household waste has grown at a rate of 3% a year as a consequence of society becoming more affluent and thus consuming more goods, resulting in more rubbish to discard. As this waste is economically and environmentally costly to deal with, local authorities have been required to ensure that the arrangements made to dispose of the surplus detritus are efficient and practicable, considering social as well as economic implications.
For many years, the preferred option for refuse disposal in Britain has been the landfill. In fact, the UK, more than any other European country, makes use of landfills to get rid of its biodegradable waste. However, problems have arisen with this method and alternative solutions have had to be researched IELTS coaching in dwarka .
One of the biggest drawbacks to landfills is the cost. In the past this was not the case as land was plentiful and cheap with abandoned quarries and mines often being utilised. But by 2015, since space for approved and licensed landfills will have run out, viable alternatives to waste disposal have to be found. Another disadvantage is the environmental impact made by the acids and hazardous chemicals that are leaked from the landfills. Older sites depended on these substances being diluted naturally by rain but this often did not occur and surrounding agricultural land was affected and livestock poisoned. Nowadays, more modern landfills use liners within the pits to contain any dangerous material and the liquid is then collected, treated and discharged within the site itself. But perhaps the most apparent annoyance for the general public living in the immediate vicinity of the landfill is the nuisance that results from the traffic, the noise, the dust and the unpleasant odours emanating from the site. Although no risks to human health have been verified, symptoms such as headaches, drowsiness and exhaustion have been reported by people living close to landfills. These may have been caused by toxic emissions from the site but they may be connected to the impact that living next to the sites can have on stress and anxiety.
In order to reduce the amount of waste being sent to the landfill, a special tax was introduced in 1996, to discourage this practice. The charges range from two to eleven pounds per tonne depending on the type of rubbish being discarded and due to this tax the amount of waste from the construction industry has been markedly reduced. Other targets have been set to reduce biodegradable waste deposited in these sites by 2006 but it is thought that the greatest impact could be made through the introduction of more intensive recycling, which could be funded from the proceeds of the landfill tax.
In Europe, Britain is bottom of the recycling table with the lowest rate of 8% compared to the Netherlands where they recycle 72% of their detritus. According to government research, only 7% of plastic was salvaged, as was only 22% of the six billion glass containers manufactured annually in Britain. On the other hand, the same sources found that 90% of car batteries and 66% of lead is recycled. This proportion is high because of the economic value of the material and so reprocessing is an opportunity to gain an income from an environmentally friendly undertaking. Also, of the thirteen billion steel cans produced yearly, about a quarter come from recycled metal. These goods only consume 25% of the energy needed to make the same products from raw materials.
Biodegradable wastes can be made into organic compost to use as fertiliser for the land. At present less than half the local authorities have facilities for this and about a fifth of municipal waste is being treated but in some areas, schemes are being set up to collect waste from both domestic properties and supermarkets to help effect this procedure.
Yet even now in the 21st century, less progressive authorities are still constructing and employing incinerators to dispose of waste despite the subsequent health hazards. They also have to confront opposition from the public over a policy which has proved to be the most unpopular technology since the introduction of nuclear power.
So, what can be done to encourage more recycling? Probably what should be the government's priority is the reduction in the number of landfills in regular use. Even materials that are biodegradable such as paper cannot easily be broken down as the landfill pits are constructed to keep air out and moisture in, thus slowing down the process to degrade this matter. Therefore, more reprocessing plants for refuse must be constructed to replace the outmoded landfills. Also, companies should be encouraged to take a more responsible approach to the packaging of their products, only using the minimum and environmentally friendly recycled materials. Then, the public must be convinced of the benefits of recycling and be made aware of the ecological consequences of not recycling. In Britain, more intensive reprocessing would lower the production of gases harmful to the ozone layer by 12.8 million tonnes of carbon a year, the equivalent of taking nearly five million cars off the road. Also, IELTS Classes in Dwarka strong incentive for the public to support recycling is the prospect of higher employment. In Germany, it has been estimated that 150,000 people are employed in the recycling business, a number greater than those employed in the steel industry. It is believed that up to 50,000 jobs could be created in Britain if recycling was adopted.
What will happen in the future regarding the disposal of waste matter very much depends on the attitude and party policies of the particular government in power. Yet, if reforms to the methods of waste disposal are not made, serious environmental problems will arise in the immediate future, the consequences of which are too dire to contemplate.
Questions 1-4
Choose ONE phrase from the list of phrases A – I below to complete each of the following sentences.
Write the appropriate letters in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet
List of Phrases
A there is a lot of mining in Britain
B dangerous materials are collected in landfills
C as the population becomes wealthier, their capacity to consume more increases
D there is relatively little recycling of degradable matter in Britain
E landfills poison animals
F a lot of waste from food shops is made into fertilisers
G problems for people residing nearby
H using incinerators is the most popular method of rubbish disposal
I the most common means of waste disposal is burying refuse
1) More household waste is produced because…
2) In Britain…
3) Landfills create…
4) Unlike Europe…
Questions 5 and 6
Choose the best answer A, B, C or D.
5) Landfills are not approved of because
A they use agricultural land.
B they have always been expensive to run.
C they need to have a licence.
D they produce dangerous emissions.
6) A tax was imposed in order
A to encourage recycling.
B to dissuade people from using landfills.
C to punish the building industry.
D to gather money for the government.
Questions 7-14
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 7-14 on your answer sheet.
Solutions to the problem of how to dispose of excess rubbish must be found. With the dramatic increase in both 7 …………. and industrial rubbish, the 8 …………. must devise new policies to deal with the matter. The well established 9 …………. are now considered 10 …………. so it is preferable to send the refuse to 11 …………. works in order to 12 …………. the waste products which could then be used to manufacture 13 …………. goods. Also the general public must be better informed of the worrying environmental 14 …………. the planet faces if this matter is not addressed urgently.
IELTS SAMPLE READING TASK-2 IELTS Dwarka
High-tech crime-fighting tools
Crime-fighting technology is getting more sophisticated and rightly so. The police need to be equipped for the 21st century. In Britain we've already got the world's biggest DNA database. By next year the state will have access to the genetic data of 4.25m people: one British-based person in 14. Hundreds of thousands of those on the database will never have been charged with a crime.
Britain is also reported to have more than £4 million CCTV (closed circuit television) cameras. There is a continuing debate about the effectiveness of CCTV. Some evidence suggests that it is helpful in reducing shoplifting and car crime. It has also been used to successfully identify terrorists and murderers. However, many claim that better lighting is just as effective to prevent crime and that cameras could displace crime. An internal police report said that only one crime was solved for every 1,000 cameras in London in 2007. In short, there is conflicting evidence about the effectiveness of cameras, so it is likely that the debate will continue.
Professor Mike Press, who has spent the past decade studying how design can contribute to crime reduction, said that, in order for CCTV to have any effect, it must be used in a targeted way. For example, a scheme in Manchester records every licence plate at the entrance of a shopping complex and alerts police when one is found to belong to an untaxed or stolen car. This is an effective example of monitoring, he said. Most schemes that simply record city centres continually — often not being watched – do not produce results. CCTV can also have the opposite effect of that intended, by giving citizens a false sense of security and encouraging them to be careless with property and personal safety. Professor Press said: All the evidence suggests that CCTV alone makes no positive ieltsdwarka impact on crime reduction and prevention at all The weight of evidence would suggest the investment is more or less a waste of money unless you have lots of other things in place.' He believes that much of the increase is driven by the marketing efforts of security companies who promote the crime-reducing benefits of their products. He described it as a lazy approach to crime prevention' and said that authorities should instead be focusing on how to alter the environment to reduce crime.
But in reality, this is not what is happening. Instead, police are considering using more technology. Police forces have recently begun experimenting with cameras in their helmets. The footage will be stored on police computers, best ielts coaching in dwarka
along with the footage from thousands of CCTV cameras and millions of pictures from numberplate recognition cameras used increasingly to check up on motorists.
And now another type of technology is being introduced. It's called the Microdrone and it's a toy-sized remote-control craft that hovers above streets or crowds to film what's going on beneath. The Microdrone has already been used to monitor rock festivals, but its supplier has also been in discussions to supply it to the Metropolitan Police, and Soca, the Serious Organised Crime Agency. The drones are small enough to be unnoticed by people on the ground when they are flying at 350ft. They contain high-resolution video surveillance equipment and an infrared night vision capability, so even in darkness they give their operators a bird's-eye view of locations while remaining virtually undetectable Best IELTS Coaching Dwarka .
The worrying thing is, who will get access to this technology? Merseyside police are already employing two of the devices as part of a pilot scheme to watch football crowds and city parks looking for antisocial behaviour. It is not just about crime detection: West Midlands fire brigade is about to lease a drone, for example, to get a better view of fire and flood scenes and aid rescue attempts; the Environment Agency is considering their use for monitoring of illegal fly tipping and oil spills. The company that makes the drone says it has no plans to license the equipment to individuals or private companies, which hopefully will prevent private security firms from getting their hands on them. But what about local authorities? In theory, this technology could be used against motorists. And where will the surveillance society end? Already there are plans to introduce smart water' containing a unique DNA code identifier that when sprayed on a suspect will cling to their clothes and skin and allow officers to identify them later. As long as high-tech tools are being used in the fight against crime and terrorism, fine. But if it's another weapon to be used to invade our privacy then we don't want it.
The Reading Passage has six paragraphs A–F.
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
i The Spy in the sky vi Lack of conclusive evidence
ii The spread of technology vii Cars and cameras
iii The limitations of cameras viii Advantages and disadvantages
iv The cost of cameras ix A natural progression
v Robots solving serious crimes x A feeling of safety
Questions: 1-5
Example) Paragraph A ix
1) Paragraph B
2) Paragraph C
3) Paragraph D
4) Paragraph E
5) Paragraph F
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
6) Britain has already got
A four million CCTV cameras.
B more data about DNA than any other country.
C the most sophisticated crime-fighting technology.
D access to the genetic data of one in fourteen people living in Britain.
7) Professor Press
A works at the University of Manchester.
B studies car-related crime.
C is concerned about the negative impact of the use of CCTV.
D feels that some marketing departments lie about the crime-reducing benefits of CCTV.
8) The Microdrone is
A a type of toy in the shape of a plane.
B being used by the Metropolitan Police.
C being used by the government.
D able to film in the dark.
Answer the questions below with words taken from the Reading Passage.
Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
9) Give examples of 2 events where technology is used to watch crowds.
10) According to the passage, who do we not want to use the Microdrone?
The Best IELTS coaching in Dwarka
IELTS Dwarka Listening test
Section 1. A woman was getting information from a travel agent about accommodation and activities in Vancouver.
Questions: filling in a form.
Section 2. A woman talked about a sport center.
Questions: multiple choice, map labelling.
Section 3. Two students talked about Miao people living primarily in southern China's mountains.
Questions: multiple choice.
Section 4: A lecture about food safety.
Passage 1. An article about global warming.
Passage 2. A text about the role of mistakes in studies.
Passage 3. An article describing a book about pirates.
IELTS Writing task 2 (an essay)
Some people claim that governments should take action to ensure that people have a healthy lifestyle. Others, however, disagree and believe that people should decide themselves which way they prefer to live their lives.
Sample Answer
Undoubtedly, healthy and educated society is the backbone of a successful country. There is a general dispute these days about whether it's a government responsibility to provide health care and education for free or not. I think this situation calls for the concerted effect of government, individual and private organization as well.
IELTS Dwarka, On one side of the argument, there are people who believe that it is one of the fundamental duties of the government to ensure health care and education for the citizen. The main reason for having such belief is perhaps as people in all categories are required to pay taxes to the government, they should definitely receive service from that money. In addition, if tax revenue is not sufficient, government can perform this responsibility by availing loan from international organisation. At least, government should provide basic health care and education up to secondary school free of cost. For example, Canada's government pays for its citizen's health care and education up to a certain level.
On the other hand, there are people who believe that individual public and private organisation should run school and hospital and help to release the economic burden on government. If citizen become dependent upon government for health care and education then they ultimately become dependent on the government for everything in their lives. This could lead to a disastrous outcome in any nation because the government cannot support all of its citizen. For example, in an overpopulated country like India, government may face difficulty or it will be impossible to meet the demand for education and health care free of cost for every citizen.
To sum up, education and health care are the basic needs of an individual. I think, government should not be solely responsible ensuring health care and education free of cost. Individual public and private corporations should come along to make government enable to provide free health care and education.
IELTS SPEAKING TOPICS-SAMPLES
Speaking Test-I
Tell me about your home country
Which part of your country do you like the most? Why?
Do you like gossiping? Why?
Let's talk about animals.
Do you have pets?
How do you take care of them?
Do you love them?
Cue Card
Talk about a moment when you had to make a decision to go against your manager at work. Please say
what your decision was about
why you had to make the decision
how you felt after that
Do you think our politicians should be more careful when they make decisions?
How do their decisions affect people in general?
Do you think about the consequences when you make decisions?
Speaking Test-II
What is your full name?
Can I see your ID?
Do you work or study?
Describe the building where you live?
What do you see from the window?
What do you do when there are guests at your home?
What do you prefer, being a guest at someone's home or being a host?Why?
Do you like chocolate?
What kind of chocolate do you like?
Why do you like it?
Why is chocolate so popular?
Have you ever given chocolate as present to someone? Why?
Describe a situation in your life that made you laugh a lot. Please say
What was the situation?
When and where did it take place?
How did you feel about it later?
What is your idea of funny advertisement?
Do men and women like the same comedies? Why?
What is the difference between comedies on TV and comedy books?
Speaking Test-III
Can I see you ID?
Do you live in a house or an apartment?
What does you apartment look like?
Do you like celebrities?
Who is your local celebrity?
Have you met a celebrity before?
Let's talk about your hometown.
Where is your hometown?
Do you like your hometown? Why?
Would you return back to your hometown in the future?
Talk about a website that you usually use. Please say.
How did you learn about it?
What websites do you use for online shopping?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of online shopping?
Did online shopping affect the offline markets?
How can regular supermarkets compete with online shopping?
Will people use online shopping more than in the future?
About Ielts Dwarka
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Listening Speaking Uncategorized Writing
Essay writing Essay writing [II] IELTS Dwarka IELTS Task 2 Listening test Report Writing WRITING TASK 1
IELTS Task 2 Essay writing [II]


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Bartleby.com: http://www.bartleby.com/
Poetry 180- http://www.loc.gov/poetry/180/
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: http://www.bartleby.com/61/
Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary free version: www.m-w.com
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Comic Book Periodic Table: http://www.uky.edu/Projects/Chemcomics/
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NASA for Students: http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/index.html
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History Place: http://www.historyplace.com/
Chronicling America: http://www.loc.gov/chroniclingamerica/
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Map collection: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/histus.html
The New York Times on the Web Learning Network: http://www.nytimes.com/learning/students/index.html
This Day in History: http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history.do
Today in History: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/archive.html
Hyperhistory Online: http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/History_n2/a.html
CIA World Factbook: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/
Time Almanac: http://www.infoplease.com/almanacs.html
Old Farmer's Almanac: http://www.almanac.com/
Current Library of Congress catalog – http://catalog.loc.gov
Current British Library Catalogue – http://catalogue.bl.uk
WorldCat (OCLC) - Open Access WorldCat: http://www.worldcat.org
California Libraries Catalog (CAtalog): http://www.calcat.org
LINK+: http://csul.iii.com/
Polk's city directories ~ info: http://www.citydirectory.com
Zip + 4 directory: http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/
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Switchboard: http://www.switchboard.com
Internet 800 directory: http://inter800.com/
Infobel world telephone directory: http://www.infobel.com/teldir/default.asp
Biography.com: http://www.biography.com
Who2: http://www.who2.com/
Biographical dictionary s9.com: http://www.s9.com/biography/search.html


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About Dare Panel
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MDF/HDF (Medium or High Density Fiberboard)
Multi-layer Environment-favorable Particle Board
Url: www.darepanel.com
Your Position: Home > Company Profile > About Dare Panel
Dare Wood-Based Panel Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Dare Wood-Based Panels Group"), is a key state enterprise engaged in agricultural industrialization, a state high-tech enterprise, a national key forestry enterprise, a national ecological demonstration enterprise, one of the first batch of national forestry knowledge property pilot units, owing a listed company "Dare Power Dekor" (stock code: 000910), and is ranked among the top 500 Chinese private enterprises. "Dare" wood-based panels and " " belong to Dare Technology Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "the Dare Group")'s series of well-known brands, were ranked in China's top ten fiberboard brands and China's top ten particleboard brands, voted China panel industry's most influential manufacturing enterprise, China's forestry industry corporate brand of the highest integrity, and other awards, voted as one of China's 500 most valuable brands, along with other awards.
Dare wood-based panels Group is a large sub-group of the green industry chain of Dare Group, and is closely linked to farming issues, the economical use of resources, and the implementation of the industrialization of agriculture and forestry operations. A high starting point, high standards and the introduction of today's world-class artificial board production technology and equipment, all contribute to resource-saving and environmentally-friendly business. Adhering to the principles of ecological protection, and with the "company + base + farmers" mode of forest plantation which increases farmers' income, Dare Group is promoting the development of the forestry industry and the basic concept of environmental protection. Since 2002, the company's headquarters in Jiangsu, with branches in Guangdong, Jiangxi, Fujian, Heilongjiang and Anhui, with other forest resources and forest products as the focus area of distribution centers, has invested more than 6 billion yuan, with the way of self-building & leasing, in building eight international-class panel production lines with an annual capacity of 2.7 million cubic meters, which ranks the first on the business scale in Asia and sixth in the world.
Dare Wood-Based Panels Group conducts sales in all major domestic and international markets, with more than 1,000 distribution centers in China, and nearly 3,000 employees from around the world. With regional marketing centers in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Nanjing, Wuhan, Chengdu, Shenyang, Dalian and other locations, the products are exported to Europe, America, Southeast Asia and other countries and regions. Dare wood-based panel group promotes home environment protection in China, and is the first to introduce E0 class environmental standards. All group branches have passed the ISO9001: 2000 quality system certification and ISO14001 environmental management system certification, China Environmental product certification marks (10 Central Authentication), FSC-COC certification, JIS F ☆☆☆☆ standard certification, and the California CARB certification. Dare plywood uses residues and small fuelwood as raw materials to produce high-end panels, to meet consumer demand for healthy and environmentally friendly products which are widely used in flooring, furniture, doors, cabinets, wardrobes, packaging, decorative materials, handicrafts, electronic circuit boards, fan blades and other products, and has become the first choice as a raw material supplier for the related well-known brands.
"Inheritance and Innovation, Creating the Future with Wisdom" - with the Chinese plywood industry as a leader, the DARE GROUP Wood-Based Panels Group will always uphold the pursuit of excellence, the ultimate challenge, innovation and development, the courage to play, the spirit of enterprise and the "struggle + responsibility" of the corporate culture, along with Dare Technology Group's "five strategies" for guidelines - remaining innovation-driven, focusing on green manufacturing, promoting transformation and upgrades, speeding up the construction and application of "digital Dare", and reinforcing the dream cornerstone of "the Dare century". The company will respond positively to the central call for building a "Beautiful China", revitalizing national industry as its mission to serve the country's industry, protecting limited natural resources through large-scale, intensive management; delivering value, social welfare, and healthcare can lead the industry in sustainable development, committed to the achievements of Chinese plywood panels!
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Jackson attorney: Verdict form confusing in wrongful death suit
On behalf of Mitchell & Shapiro LLP | Jan 8, 2014 | Wrongful Death
People all across Georgia are likely familiar with the details surrounding the death of pop icon Michael Jackson. In 2009, Jackson died after an apparent overdose caused by the anesthetic drug propofol, which had been administered by a doctor, Conrad Murray. After the tragic death, Jackson's mother filed a wrongful death lawsuit against AEG Live for hiring Murray, claiming that they were negligent in that decision.
The case was tried in front of a jury who ruled that AEG could not be found liable. However, their ruling has come into question after multiple jurors stepped forward to state that the verdict form they were using was confusing.
According to multiple jurors, the form on which they were supposed to submit a verdict was structured in a way that made it impossible for them to rule in favor of Jackson's mother. There were five questions on the form, and all five had to be answered yes in order for AEG to be found liable. But because of the wording of one of the questions, jurors were unable to consider certain facts regarding Murray's competence which would have allowed them to answer yes. Because of this, they had to answer no to the question and AEG was let off the hook.
Jackson's attorney argued that the use of the verdict form was inappropriate, given the complexity and nature of the case, and requested that the case be retried. But a judge tentatively denied the request and it is unknown if an appeal will be filed.
Losing a loved one can be devastating for family members to cope with. When that loss is attributed to a negligent party, it can make the situation even more upsetting because there is a possibility that a death could have been prevented. In order to hold a negligent person or group accountable for a tragic loss, family members in Georgia may want to consider filing a wrongful death lawsuit against the appropriate party.
However, this process can be confusing and frustrating. The justice system is not without its flaws and there may be a number of areas where having an attorney who understands this process can be vital.
Source: Los Angeles Times, "Jury in wrongful-death trial was confused, Jackson attorneys say," Kate Mather, Jan. 4, 2014


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DM Prize Call 2020
The Creative Nonfiction Standing Group of the Conference on College Composition and Communication announces the 2020 Donald Murray Prize for creative nonfiction. The prize is awarded annually to the best work of creative nonfiction on the subject of language, writing, teaching, or the teaching of writing. We seek submissions from current and former post-secondary teachers of writing, including graduate students.
This prize was first established at CCCC in 2002 in honor of Donald Murray, Pultizer Prize–winning journalist, professor, and author of numerous books and influential articles on writing and the teaching of writing. The prize is sponsored by Cengage Learning.
Entries will be judged by members of the CNF Standing Group, the editors of Writing on the Edge, and a specially selected final judge.
The winner will receive $300 in the form of an AMEX gift card from Cengage Learning and publication in the Spring 2020 issue of Writing on the Edge. All entries will be considered for publication in the journal.
Entries may not have been previously published in any form, electronically or in print, including blog posts.
Length limit: 8,000 words maximum (2500–4500 preferred) Entry fee: None
Deadline: November 1, 2019.
Submissions Guidelines: Please submit entries in PDF or Microsoft Word to the WOE online submissions system at woe.ucdavis.edu. Please enter "Donald Murray Prize Submission" in the space for abstracts.
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Edmonton's Music Scene Is FORGING Ahead!
Although the local music scene has taken a hit in the last couple of years, Edmonton is on the forefront of an exciting new musical landscape by emil tiedemann D ESPITE some disheartening setbacks in Edmonton's music scene over the last couple of years, namely the closure of some beloved performance venues and the "send off" of Joe Gurba 's Old Ugly Recordings , there's new hope for live music fans on the horizon. Some of Edmonton's talented musicians! We saw musical landmarks like The Artery, The Pawn Shop, and Wunderbar close their doors for good last year, but there have been others that have eagerly taken the baton. A year ago, The Almanac opened on Whyte, followed by The Sewing Machine Factory this year, while The Needle Vinyl Tavern and The Chvrch of John created some much-needed stage space in the downtown soon after, collectively providing live music seven days a week! In January, YEG Music launched as an effort to support and pro