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Calgary filmmakers are super!
By Ryan Pike
Like the rest of Canada, Calgary is a pretty desolate and unforgiving place during the five to seven months of winter. Most residents huddle indoors to wait out the frigid weather and local filmmakers are no exception. For the past two years a pair of local filmmakers have organized the Super 8 Challenge, designed to keep local talent active during the lean winter months.
"Just the winter alone sort of keeps you a shut-in," says challenge co-founder Mike Peterson. "You can't shoot a lot of stuff, even if you have an idea for it. Productions locally kind of shut down. There aren't too many feature films and there aren't too many commercials shot over the winter."
Peterson hopes that the Super 8 Challenge strengthens the local film community. He notes that while the films produced through the challenge are always important, the collaboration itself remain a crucial part of the event.
"The challenge is sort of a vehicle to build the community amongst the filmmakers and other artists in town," reflects Peterson. "But it's also a way to get filmmakers to collaborate amongst themselves, when usually you don't know other directors or other filmmakers necessarily, and to see what our other fellow filmmakers are up to."
Following an October call for entrants, 14 invitees were split into 10 groups and each group given the winter months to shoot a film using a Super 8 camera. To shake things up, though, Peterson and co-founder James Reckseidler added in a twist: four elements that must be part of each film.
"All the filmmakers that I invite submit suggestions for the four elements," notes Peterson. "Based on their suggestions and my own suggestions, we draw them out of a hat and that's what we end up with."
As a result of these suggestions, all films were required to address the theme of communication between cultures, include stop-motion animation, a parking lot attendant character and an appearance of the letter F. These wrinkles force the filmmakers to create a bevy of short films that, while similar, are bound to be unique.
"This is a great place to see the local film talent that's in town, because there's a lot and I don't know that it always get recognized," shares Peterson. "Of the festivals and events around filmmaking, none of them are focused on Calgary so much [while] this is very much a Calgary event."
Published May 17, 2007 By Masoud
Gauntlet awards doled out
MLAs speak out about PSE discrepancies

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Oyo State Judicial Panel of Inquiry into Police Brutality – Day 14
This is a report of the fourteenth public hearing of the Oyo State Judicial Panel of Inquiry into Police Brutality, Violation of Rights of Citizens and Unlawful Killings in Oyo State.
Venue: The House of Chiefs, Oyo State House of Assembly, Ibadan, Oyo State.
Date: Wednesday, February 24, 2021.
Today's sitting commenced at about 9:25am, shortly after the arrival of the panelists.
Cases at the Oyo State Judicial Panel
1. Case No. OYJPPB/022
Mr Shaguna George Gbenga v Nigeria Police, Alabebe Police Station. The petitioner was present but was not represented by a legal representative. The respondent was absent at the hearing. The petitioner told the Oyo State Judicial Panel that he would like to discontinue the petition if it pleased the panel because the same petition is presently before the Human Rights Commission in Abuja.
The Oyo State Judicial Panel granted the petitioner's application and petition OYJPPB/022 was thereby struck out.
Alhaji Ganiyu Ajiboye Busari v The Nigeria Police, Oyo State Police Command. The petitioner was present and also represented by Kingsley Ike (Esq.) and I. C. Onouha. However, the respondent was absent at the hearing.
The legal counsel to the Oyo State Judicial Panel, Mrs Oluwafolake Ogundele, told the panel that the respondent had been served with the processes of the petition but was yet to respond. She therefore prayed the panel to afford the petitioner a date for hearing. However, the application was rejected because the panel insisted that all sides must be given fair hearing and so, the decision could not be made in the absence of the respondent.
The petition was adjourned by the Oyo State Judicial Panel till March 11, 2021 for mention.
Thomas Chinedu Dim & Anor v Oyo State Police Command. The petitioner was present but was not represented by a legal counsel. The respondent was absent at the hearing. The petitioner told the panel that he does not have a lawyer and that today was the second time he would appear before the panel. He said that he relocated to Nsukka because his business crumbled after he was hospitalised for close to four years.
The legal counsel to the Oyo State Judicial Panel, Mrs Oluwafolake Ogundele, pointed out that there is a subsisting judgement of a Federal High Court dated 15th June, 2004; on the issue. The judgement which awarded over a million naira as damages in favour of the petitioner was yet to be paid, since the judgement involved a police officer who is on the run.
Having gone through the petition, the Oyo State Judicial Panel stated that what was needed concerning the petition was enforcement and this goes beyond the jurisdiction of the panel since the panel is not a Court of Appeal. However, the panel assured the petitioner that his petition would be directed to the National Assembly in Abuja because the two houses have committees who handle such cases. The panel said that the matter would be handled by writing and sending the documents to the appropriate quarters in Abuja. The panel also assured that the petitioner would be involved in the process and there was no need for the petitoner to appear before the panel again because he would be contacted by phone henceforth.
With this, the petition was adjourned sine die.
Mr Faluade Dare Alabi v The Nigeria Police, Ojoo Police Station. The petitioner was present and was represented by O. I. Falana (Esq.). The respondent was absent at the hearing.
The legal counsel to the Oyo State Judicial Panel, Mrs Oluwafolake Ogundele, told the panel that the Police had been served but was yet to respond to the petition.
Mrs Titilayo Joseph and Anor v Inspector-General of Police and Four Others. The petitioner was absent and was not represented by a legal counsel. The respondents were also absent at the hearing.
Mrs Oluwafolake Ogundele, the legal counsel to the Oyo State Judicial Panel told the panel that the respondents had been served but was yet to respond. She also said that the petitioner was represented at the last hearing by Tunde Olupona (Esq.) and could not explain the reason for the absence.
The petition was adjourned by the Oyo State Judicial Panel till March 9, 2021 for mention so as to issue a fresh hearing notice on the petitioner's counsel, Tunde Olupona (Esq.).
Mr Alao Olayiwola v The Nigeria Police Area "F" Command, Lagos. The petitioner was absent and was not represented by a legal counsel. The respondent was absent.
Mrs Oluwafolake Ogundele, the legal counsel to the Oyo State Judicial Panel told the panel that the respondent was Lagos State Police Command. She said the processes of the petition was served on the respondent on the 8th of February, 2021 but the respondent was yet to respond. She also said that the petition had appeared twice before the panel and there had been no representation whatsoever from the petitioner's end on both occasions.
With this, the petition was adjourned by the Oyo State Judicial Panel till March 9, 2021 for mention or striking out, and a fresh hearing notice would be issued and served on the petitioner.
Mr Muraina Kadiri Adeyemi v The Nigeria Police, Iyaganku. The petitioner was present but was not represented by a legal counsel. The respondent was not represented.
The petition was adjourned by the Oyo State Judicial Panel till March 10, 2021 for mention so as to enable the petitioner obtain the services of a pro bono counsel.
Mr Oladejo Raphael v The Nigeria Police, Iyaganku. The petitioner was absent and was not represented by a legal counsel. The respondent was also absent at the hearing.
Mrs Oluwafolake Ogundele, the legal counsel to the Oyo State Judicial Panel said that the petitioner visited the panel's secretariat on February 4, 2021 to inform the panel of his intention to withdraw the petition as the matter is presently before the Customary Court, Ibadan and he wrote a letter to that effect. A copy of the letter was submitted to the panel as evidence.
In view of the letter from the petitioner wherein he applied to withdraw the petition, the petition was struck out by the Oyo State Judicial Panel.
Mr Ayanwale Jimoh v The Nigeria Police, Oyo State Command. The petitioner was absent and was not represented by a legal counsel. The respondent was also absent at the hearing.
This petition came up for the first time on February 2, 2021; as such, the Oyo State Judicial Panel decided to give the petitioner one more chance.
The petition was adjourned by the Oyo State Judicial Panel till March 10, 2021 for mention or for striking out.
10. Case No. OYJPPB/038
Mr Adegbite Nasiru v The Nigeria Police, Eleyele Ibadan. The petitioner was present and was represented by S. A. Oladele (Esq.). However, the respondent was absent. The petitioner's counsel, S. A. Oladele (Esq.) said that at the last adjourned hearing, the respondent was ordered to serve him with the response to the petition, but he was yet to be served.
Olamide Onikosi v The Nigeria Police, Iyaganku. The petitioner was present and was represented by Itunuoluwa Aderounmu (Esq.). The respondent was absent at the hearing.
Mrs Oluwafolake Ogundele, the legal counsel to the Oyo State Judicial Panel said that the respondent had been served but was yet to respond. However, the petitioner's counsel, Itunuoluwa Aderounmu (Esq.) told the panel that he would like to make some amendments in the petition as it appeared vague.
The petition was therefore adjourned by the Oyo State Judicial Panel till March 11, 2021 to enable the petitioner's counsel file the amendments to the petition.
Adeyemi Adeniran v Nigeria Police, Alabebe Police Station. The petitioner was absent and was not represented by a legal counsel. The respondent was absent at the hearing.
The legal counsel to the Oyo State Judicial Panel, Mrs Oluwafolake Ogundele told the panel that the petition had appeared twice before the panel and the petitioner was absent on both occasions.
The petition was adjourned by the Oyo State Judicial Panel till March 11, 2021 for mention or striking out. It was decided that fresh hearing notice would be issued and served on the petitioner.
Samuel Ogundeji v The Nigeria Police, Saki Area Command. The petitioner was present and was represented by O. F. A. Adeosun (Esq.). The respondent was absent at the hearing. The petitioner's counsel recalled that he once made an attempt to withdraw from the petition because the petitioner's contact person said he was not handling the matter as expected but he appeared today because the panel urged him to do so.
However, he told the Oyo State Judicial Panel that he met with the contact person, Adegbola N. Adesesan, and the petitioner's family this morning and he got to know that they were not aware that he had filed the petition on his behalf. He appealed to the panel that he would like to continue representing the petitioner in view of the fact that the petitioner was not the one who gave the instruction and that he had been apologised to.
The petition is about a young man of 22 years who lost his sight four years ago due to police brutality. He wrote his WAEC and NECO exams in 2017 and he passed excellently. He applied for JAMB the same year but decided to work for a while in a hotel so as to avoid roaming about. He was arrested at the hotel he was working by SARS operatives a week to his JAMB exam and he was tortured to the extent that he lost his two eyes.
The legal counsel to the Oyo State Judicial Panel, Mrs Oluwafolake Ogundele, told the panel that the respondent had been served but was yet to respond. She therefore suggested that a date should be retained for mention.
The petition was therefore adjourned by the Oyo State Judicial Panel till March 11, 2021 for mention.
Having gone through the proceedings for today, the hearing was brought to a close by Hon Justice Badejoko Adeniji at about 11:47am.


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Successfully negotiating claims since 1867
Categories Select Category Case Studies Information Legal Cases News Testimonials
A very rare award of fees reimbursement for T&B
Posted on 21st January 2019
In general terms insurers will not pay our fees in acting for policyholders, hence the care we take in establishing the potential client's demands and needs and discussing fee levels that best suit the business and the economics of the claim. Rarely, when the maladministration by the insurer is thought particularly egregious, the Financial Ombudsman Service will award a reimbursement of fees. One such case dealt with by our Contentious Claims Division has recently had that outcome.
Our client has a holiday home in an EU country, insured with a UK insurer whose managing agent advertised and marketed policies on the basis of its knowledge, skills and expertise in the insurance of foreign homes. The house was severely damaged by an insured event and the repair costs added up to a six-digit figure. In addition, different levels of local and national government required protective work to be done for modernisation and to avoid the possibility of major damage in the future. Those "betterments" raised the basic building costs by a further 80%. The policy covered all public authority requirements.
Despite that, insurers' first reaction was to deny liability for the added works, and to put the policyholder to proof that the authorities were legally entitled to make such demands and that the level specified was in accordance with the law in the country concerned. We also had to demonstrate that our client was not entitled to the benefit of some funds available to nationals of the country where the house was, which insurers believed operated. In our discussions with the insurers' adjuster it became clear that neither the adjuster nor the insurer had any knowledge of the relevant foreign law, of construction standards and practice in the country and – perhaps worst – any proficiency in the language of a country it professed to be an expert in.
To secure payment of those costs for our client we had to make all relevant enquiries ourselves. We do have relevant expertise in-house and we were able to demonstrate that insurers were indeed liable for all the obligatory costs. But our researches and interviews required travel and time abroad before the insurer finally agreed that it had to pay.
The case had to be referred to the ombudsman for a number of different elements of complaint. (Some of those are still outstanding and may well feature on this site in the future.) But one aspect that was settled was that insurers had to pay a significant proportion of our fees. The adjudication said that ultimately [the policyholder] will be billed for the work carried out by [Thompson and Bryan] including researching and obtaining the information it obtained about government procedures. I don't think it's fair or reasonable that [the policyholder] should pay for the work done for the benefit of [the insurer] as this should be part of its costs of dealing with the claim. Also, as previously mentioned, [Thompson and Bryan] had input on [the insurer's] initial position that 'improvements' would be excluded when it seems these are likely covered by the policy as they're deemed necessary by government.
The level of fees reimbursable is significant. An award of this nature by the FOS is a rare event and we are delighted to have got one for our client. Good for the client, good for us.
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"The drastic Republican border-tax package"
You don't just show a graph and assume that the tr...
It's "Productivity and Cost", not "Productivity an...
A "tacit understanding" is an assumption
What is debt?
Hope and bullshit
If you can't find a way to boost productivity, may...
Snowball Effect
The "causal loops" of system dynamics
So no recession yet.
A remarkably consistent increase in debt trend gro...
The evolution of Real Debt growth, 1948-1993
Current expenditures? What's that?
Philip George on involuntary unemployment
Agreeing to agree
Would it matter?
As a graph-maker ...
You don't even know the size of inflation-adjusted...
The Federal debt and deficits
My recession indicator says "not yet"
Rated L for Language
Scott Sumner:
In 1981, 364 British economists signed a petition warning that Thatcher's polices would fail. But, by the 1990s, there was a sort of tacit understanding among policy-oriented economists that when countries get into trouble, market reforms are the only real option.
... there was a sort of tacit understanding among policy-oriented economists ...
"Tacit" means unstated. A "tacit understanding" is not the same as a well-developed theory. It is more like a well-developed assumption.
Note that a well-developed assumption is not necessarily correct.
According to Sumner, the idea that market reforms solve all problems is based not on economic theory but on a tacit understanding: This is what we did and it seemed to work. And by the 1990s, those rudderless economists were sitting around the "market reforms" campfire, building on each other's stories. But there was from the start a lack of clearness and of generality in the premisses.
The tacit understanding, the assumption of which Sumner writes, is nothing but an observation of outcome: Things turned out well. Set aside objectionables like the "great" recession, peak inequality, and the massive Federal debt, and things turned out well. "My view here is obviously somewhat subjective," Sumner says... Things turned out well.
There's no fuckin theory. It's all bullshit. They don't have a clue. They complicate their stories with numbers (364 economists on the head of a pin in 1981). They make shit up.
"The neoliberal policy revolution ... began in the late 1970s," Sumner says, and it "might be the most important recent event in world history." Singing songs 'round the campfire, and patting selves on back.
Where is the analysis of the problem? This whole neoliberal neoplasm that Sumner tirelessly, tiresomely celebrates is nothing but an observation of outcome: GDP continued to grow, so we must have done something right. But they are changing everything. And nothing they do solves the problem.
They deny it, of course. But they've been fixing things for forty years now. And they're still fixing things, because they still have not fixed the right thing. They still have not solved the problem of excessive private debt.
They say only that private debt doesn't matter. What they mean is, they're not even going to think about it. And then you get people like Sumner telling you forget about debt:
Forget about debt and focus on NGDP. It's NGDP instability that creates problems, not debt surges.
Economics by proclamation: Forget about debt. It's NGDP instability that creates problems, says Sumner, not debt.
Well, maybe. But it's debt that creates NGDP instability:
Excessive Private Debt --> NGDP Instability --> Problems


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Op-Ed: Democrats Will Control Congress Forever if Vote-by-Mail is Rammed Through!
While Bigfoot, flying saucers, unicorns, and green, hairy monsters under your bed don't exist, voter fraud is real as taxes and almost as certain to happen in November. Anything will be acceptable if it sends Trump from the Oval Office back to his New York Penthouse.
Democrats have long stuffed ballot boxes, bribed voters, "lost" ballots, and other nefarious acts to illegally steal elections from Americans. Republicans have also been caught stuffing ballot boxes, but Democrats perfected it over decades.
Young Americans have no knowledge that Lyndon Johnson stole his senate election in 1948. He was running against a former governor, and it appeared that Lyndon lost; however, a box of uncounted ballots was "found" in the small town of Alice in south Texas. When the votes were counted and added to the total, Lyndon had "won" by 87 votes. That's how he got the name Landslide Lyndon.
He had served in the House from 1939 to his run for the Senate in 1948. Even the very liberal New York Times published an article on July 30, 1977, that was titled "Ex-Official Says He Stole 1948 Election for Johnson." Of course, that was long after the 1948 election, and Lyndon had served twelve years as senator, two years as Vice President, then became President after the assassination of John Kennedy.
Kennedy, like Lyndon, was a political thief, but unlike Johnson, Kennedy had a very rich and ambitious daddy.
Joseph Kennedy, the progenitor of the Kennedy clan and one of the most vile and corrupt men in American politics, had numerous affairs and never blushed at his audacious behavior. He had the morals of King Louis XV, and he passed his revolting bed-hopping to his famous sons—Jack, Bobby, and Ted. The dad's most infamous affair was with actress Gloria Swanson, the star of Sunset Boulevard. The pair ran around together for two years, and the affair was commonly known.
Illustrating his brazen audacity, Joe took both his wife Rose and Gloria on vacation to Europe, and during that trip, he made his wife watch while he fooled around with Gloria.
He was a very rich male tramp who gave his sons everything except a good example; Gloria was a very talented whore.
His son, Jack, also had an affair with Gloria after Joe bought the Oval Office for him! Furthermore, both father and son bedded German actress Marlene Dietrich.
Jack Kennedy's entrance into politics was in 1948 when he ran for congress and won because his daddy cheated. JFK ran against a candidate named Joe Russo, and Joe Kennedy paid a custodian with the same name to run in the election. Of course, that split the votes, and an immature and inexperienced Jack became a U.S. Congressman. And an unimpressive and uneducated custodian was flashing new hundred dollar bills around his neighborhood.
Jack jumped from the House to the Senate and from there to the Oval Office—with daddy's money and influence.
On November 8, 1960, John F. Kennedy was elected President, defeating Republican Richard Nixon. Jack received 34,226,731 votes to 34,108,157 for Nixon. The popular vote margin, 118,574, was the equivalent of a win by one vote in every precinct in America! Yet, numerous voters say, "My one vote won't make a difference." But it does.
Joe passed out suitcases of cash to Chicago Democrats and purchased the election for his son.
Mobster Mickey Cohen declared, "Actually, and this goes without saying, the presidency was really stolen in Chicago, without a question, by the Democratic machine."
Jack joked to reporters about that election, saying, "I just received the following wire from my generous daddy, 'Dear Jack, Don't buy a single vote more than is necessary. I'll be damned if I'm going to pay for a landslide.'" I suppose Jack thought jesting about stealing an election would be taken by the non-thinkers as, "Well, he sure wouldn't call attention to it if he actually did steal it."
Jack, like his evil daddy, had lost the ability to blush if he ever could. Of course, if a man is so immoral that he would purchase votes, it is not unusual that he would sleep around.
Jack had the morals of an alley cat. He slept around all his life. The Oval Office made it more accessible. He had infamous affairs with Marilyn Monroe, who his brother Bobby was involved with about the same time; actress Gene Tierney; Judith Campbell, former wife of Chicago mob boss Sam Giancana; Dane "Inga Binga," his long-term girlfriend while he was in the navy; actress Anita Ekberg; and East-German-born Ellen Rometsch, thought to be a spy for the Soviet Union and expelled from U.S. was also one of his bed partners.
That's an explosive list of bed partners for a U.S. President.
Jack had no scruples, even seducing nineteen-year-old Mimi Alford, White House intern. Mary Meyer, who had a well-known affair with JFK, was shot and killed in mysterious circumstances in 1964, a year after the President's death. He seduced Priscilla Wear and Jill Cowen (known as Fiddle and Faddle), White House secretaries whom Jack took on many foreign trips; stripper Blaze Starr; Jackie Kennedy's press secretary Pamela Turnure; Swedish socialite Gunilla Von Post; and actress Angie Dickinson.
Plus scores of assorted international whores.
Jack thought he was the Cock of the Walk strutting about the barnyard, asserting his rule over hens and chicks when he was only a Banty Rooster trying to convince himself and everyone else that he was special.
While Jackie was also a fornicator, she did not deserve Jack.
She had torrid affairs with Warren Beatty, Paul Newman, Gregory Peck, Frank Sinatra, Peter Lawford, Marlon Brando, and William Holden. She had affairs with both Bobby and Teddy Kennedy at the same time! The Daily Mail reported Jackie "romped with European princes, decadent millionaires, writers and artists."
It appears that politicians and the Hollywood crowd like to appear to be sophisticated, smart, and special while they are loathsome maggots in the wounds of society.
It is no surprise that America is in a mess when we have been entertained by moral lepers in Hollywood and are ruled by fornicators in many public offices. In light of the Democrats' propensity to buy votes, stuff ballot boxes, convince the dead to do their part, now Democrats want to cheat by mail.
Trump is right. Don't make it easy for Democrats to steal another election. They should at least be required to stand in line to vote; after all, this time it is the nation that they will steal, not simply another election.
See original post article link and more articles from Don Boys, Ph.D.
The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of thIs publication. For more information see, 10 Undisclosed Facts of Joseph Kennedy that the Family Failed to Hide, All the president's women, and Jackie Kennedy's secret lovers.
Tagged Election2020 John F Kennedy Kennedy Lyndon Johnson Vote by Mail
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On the 'rush to judgment' by the Supreme Court | Inquirer Opinion
opinion / Latest Opinion
On the 'rush to judgment' by the Supreme Court
Philippine Daily Inquirer / 02:42 AM January 30, 2014
Former Rep. Lord Velasco, in a letter to the editor published last Monday, said that the Inquirer was "inaccurate and imprecise" when it spoke, among others, of a "tenuous one-vote majority in a divided court" that ruled in his favor against Rep. Regina Reyes in the most recent congressional derby in Marinduque.
The Dec. 23, 2013, editorial "Looming showdown" referred to the 5-4 vote of the Supreme Court in its decision of Oct. 22, 2013 (thus the "one-vote majority"), affirming its earlier decision of June 25, 2013, in which the vote was 7-4. The lead in the June decision that dissenting Justice Arturo Brion called "hasty and imprudent" and a "rush to judgment" had by October thinned to a one-vote lead (thus the adjective "tenuous").
The other arguments raised by Lord Velasco are already answered in the editorial, all the way to his surprising puzzlement at why a candidate who won the majority of the votes and now holds office, hasn't filed an election protest against the opponent who garnered fewer votes and is out of office. That would be bizarre, to say the least.
That said, Lord Velasco actually concurs with the editorial's closing point that the "Reyes v. Velasco tiff [must] be confronted … without the emotional baggage of pork barrel," though he will disagree with the reason, namely, because it "shows how rules and judicial reasoning are manipulated for partisan politics among the justices themselves."—EDS.
Peace possible
TAGS: Marinduque, Rep. Lord Velasco, Rep. Regina Reyes, Supreme Court


text:
Railcar Leasing Programs
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Cryo-Trans, Inc. ("CTI") introduced its patented cryogenic railcar by converting two hundred 60' Plate "C" railcars that revolutionized the transportation of frozen French Fries. Hence the origin of our name Cryo-Trans!
CTI designed a new "prototype" interior length 64' Plate "F" cryogenic railcar (the "CRYX 1200"). This raised the interior inside height 2' and the interior length 4' allowing for two additional layers of product throughout the car and four more pallet spaces, significantly lowering the cost per pound for rail transportation.
223 new Plate "F' cryogenic cars were built with an increased interior length of 68' allowing for another additional four pallets.
Due to a substantial CO2 price increase, CTI made a decision to convert each of the 223 railcars to mechanical refrigeration. The car length was shortened to accommodate the mechanical refrigeration system.
CTI, with innovative engineering, expanded the interior length of its Plate "F" mechanical refrigerated railcar to 72', thereby increasing the number of pallets to further lower the delivered per hundred weight cost.
CTI introduces a new 68' interior Plate "F" Insulated railcar.
The CRYX 1200, featuring an interactive display of the history of refrigerated railcars, is placed on permanent display at the B&O Railroad Museum in Baltimore, MD.
The CTI mechanical railcar fleet has grown to 1,436 railcars. The CTI insulated railcar fleet has grown to 842 railcars.
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text:
Putting Meat on the Table
Industrial Farm Animal Production in America
Report April 29, 2008
Topics: Food & Drug Safety Projects: Campaign on Human Health and Industrial Farming Read time:
I have witnessed dramatic changes in animal agriculture over the past several decades. When I was growing up, my family operated a dairy farm, which not only raised cows to produce milk, but crops to feed the cows and wheat as a cash crop. When I took over management of the farm from my father in the mid-sixties, on average we milked about 40 cows and farmed about 800 acres. We were one of some 30 such dairy operations in Saline County, Kansas. Today in Saline County and most Kansas counties, it is nearly impossible to find that kind of diversified farm. Most have given way to large, highly specialized, and highly productive animal producing operations. In Saline County today, there is only one dairy farm, yet it and similar operations across the state produce more milk from fewer cows statewide than I and all of my peers did when I was actively farming.
Industrial farm animal production (IFAP) is a complex subject involving individuals, communities, private enterprises and corporations large and small, consumers, federal and state regulators, and the public at large. All Americans have a stake in the quality of our food, and we all benefit from a safe and affordable food supply. We care about the well-being of rural communities, the integrity of our environment, the public's health, and the health and welfare of animals. Many disciplines contribute to the development and analysis of IFAP —including economics, food science, animal sciences, agronomy, biology, genetics, nutrition, ethics, agricultural engineering, and veterinary medicine. The industrial farm has brought about tremendous increases in short-term farm efficiency and affordable food, but its rapid development has also resulted in serious unintended consequences and questions about its long-term sustainability.
I initially hesitated to get involved in the work of the Commission, given that the nature of partisan politics today makes the discussion of any issue facing our country extremely challenging. In the end, I accepted the chairmanship because there is so much at stake for both agriculture and the public at large. The Pew Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production (PCIFAP) sought to develop recommendations that protect what is best about American agriculture and to help to ensure its sustainability for the future. Our work focuses on four areas of concern that we believe are key to that future: public health, environment, animal welfare, and the vitality of rural communities; specifically, we focus on how these areas have been impacted by industrial farm animal production.
The Commission consists of a very diverse group of individuals, remarkably accomplished in their fields, who worked together to achieve consensus on potential solutions to the challenge of assuring a safe and sustainable food supply. We sought broad input from stakeholders and citizens around the country. We were granted the resources needed to do our work, and the independence to ensure that our conclusions were carefully drawn and objective in their assessment of the available information informed by the Commissioners' own expertise and experience. I thank each and every one for their valuable service and all citizens who contributed to the process.
Finally, we were supported by a group of staff who worked tirelessly to ensure that Commissioners had access to the most current information and expertise in the fields of concern to our deliberations. We thank them for their hard work, their patience, and their good humor.
John W. Carlin
Chairman, PCIFAP
Over the last 50 years, the method of producing food animals in the United States has changed from the extensive system of small and medium-sized farms owned by a single family to a system of large, intensive operations where the animals are housed in large numbers in enclosed structures that resemble industrial buildings more than they do a traditional barn. That change has happened primarily out of view of consumers but has come at a cost to the environment and a negative impact on public health, rural communities, and the health and well-being of the animals themselves.
The Pew Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production (PCIFAP) was funded by a grant from The Pew Charitable Trusts to the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health to investigate the problems associated with industrial farm animal production (IFAP) operations and to make recommendations to solve them. Fifteen Commissioners with diverse backgrounds began meeting in early 2006 to start their evidence-based review of the problems caused by IFAP.
Over the next two years, the Commission conducted 11 meetings and received thousands of pages of material submitted by a wide range of stakeholders and interested parties. Two hearings were held to hear from the general public with an interest in IFAP issues. Eight technical reports were commissioned from leading academics to provide information in the Commission's areas of interest. The Commissioners themselves brought expertise in animal agriculture, public health, animal health, medicine, ethics, public policy, and rural sociology to the table. In addition, they visited broiler, hog, dairy, egg, and swine IFAP operations, as well as a large cattle feedlot.
There have been some serious obstacles to the Commission completing its review and approving consensus recommendations. The agriculture industry is not monolithic, and the formation of this Commission was greeted by industrial agriculture with responses ranging from open hostility to wary cooperation. In fact, while some industrial agriculture representatives were recommending potential authors for the technical reports to Commission staff, other industrial agriculture representatives were discouraging those same authors from assisting us by threatening to withhold research funding for their college or university. We found significant influence by the industry at every turn: in academic research, agriculture policy development, government regulation, and enforcement.
At the end of his second term, President Dwight Eisenhower warned the nation about the dangers of the military-industrial complex—an unhealthy alliance between the defense industry, the Pentagon, and their friends on Capitol Hill. Now, the agro-industrial complex—an alliance of agriculture commodity groups, scientists at academic institutions who are paid by the industry, and their friends on Capitol Hill—is a concern in animal food production in the 21st century.
The present system of producing food animals in the United States is not sustainable and presents an unacceptable level of risk to public health and damage to the environment, as well as unnecessary harm to the animals we raise for food.
The story that follows is the Commission's overview of these critical issues and consensus recommendations on how to improve our system of production.
Robert P. Martin
Executive Director, PCIFAP
Downloads Putting Meat on the Table
How the Current System Developed
Industrial farm animal production (IFAP) encompasses all aspects of breeding, feeding, raising, and processing animals or their products for human consumption. Producers rely on high-throughput production to grow thousands of animals of one species (often only a few breeds of that species and only one genotype within the breed) and for one purpose (such as pigs, layer hens, broiler chickens, turkeys, beef, or dairy cattle). IFAP's strategies and management systems are a product of the post–Industrial Revolution era, but unlike other industrial systems, IFAP is dependent on complex biological and ecological systems for its basic raw material. And the monoculture common to IFAP facilities has diminished important biological and genetic diversity in pursuit of higher yields and greater efficiency
(Steinfeld et al., 2006).
The origins of agriculture go back more than 10,000 years to the beginning of the Neolithic era, when humans first began to cultivate crops and domesticate plants and animals. While there were many starts and stops along the way, agriculture provided the technology to achieve a more reliable food supply in support of larger human populations. With agriculture came concepts of personal property and personal inheritance, and hierarchical societies were organized. In short, crop cultivation led to a global revolution for humankind, marked by the emergence of complex societies and the use of technology.
The goal of agriculture then, as now, was to meet human demand for food, and as the population grew, early agriculturalists found new ways to increase yield, decrease costs of production, and sustain productivity. Over the centuries, improved agricultural methods brought about enormous yield gains, all to keep up with the needs of an ever-increasing human population. In the 18th century, for example, it took nearly five acres of land to feed one person for one year, whereas today it takes just half an acre (Trewavas, 2002)—a tenfold increase in productivity.
There is reason to wonder, however, whether these dramatic gains, and particularly those of the last 50 years, can be sustained for the next 50 years as the world's human population doubles, climate change shifts rainfall patterns and intensifies drought cycles, fossil fuels become more expensive, and the developing nations of the world rapidly improve their standards of living.
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The potential public health effects associated with ifa p must be examined in the context of its potential effects on individuals and the population as a whole. These effects include disease and the transmission of disease, the potential for the spread of pathogens from animals to humans, and mental and social impacts. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being" (WHO, 1992). This definition is widely recognized in the developed world and is increasingly being adopted by American employers.
In IFAP systems, large numbers of animals are raised together, usually in confinement buildings, which may increase the likelihood for health issues with the potential to affect humans, carried either by the animals or the large quantities of animal waste. The IFAP facilities are frequently concentrated in areas where they can affect human population centers. Animal waste, which harbors a number of pathogens and chemical contaminants, is usually left untreated or minimally treated, often sprayed on fields as fertilizer, raising the potential for contamination of air, water, and soils. Occasionally, the impact can be far worse. In one recent example, farm animal waste runoff from IFAP facilities was among the suspected causes of a 2006 Escherichia coli outbreak in which three people died and nearly 200 were sickened (CDC, 2006).
Read Full Section: Public Health (PDF)
Environmental Risks
Industrial farm animal production (IFAP) stands in sharp contrast to previous animal farming methods because of its emphasis on production efficiency and cost minimization. For most of the past 10,000 years, agricultural practice and animal husbandry were more or less sustainable, as measured by the balance between agricultural inputs and outputs and ecosystem health, given the human population and rate of consumption. IFAP systems, on the other hand, have shifted to a focus on growing animals as units of protein production. Rather than balancing the natural productivity of the land to produce crops to feed animals, IFAP imports feed and medicines to ensure that the animals make it to market weight in the shortest time possible. Animals and their waste are concentrated and may well exceed the capacity of the land to produce feed or absorb the waste. Not surprisingly, the rapid ascendance of IFAP has produced unintended and often unanticipated environmental and public health concerns.
Storage and disposal of manure and animal waste are among the most significant challenges for IFAP operators. By any estimate, the amount of farm animal waste produced annually in the United States is enormous; the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) estimates around 500 million tons of manure are produced annually by operations that confine livestock and poultry—three times the EPA estimate of 150 million tons of human sanitary waste produced annually in the US (EPA, 2007b). And in comparison to the lesser amount of human waste, the management and disposal of animal wastes are poorly regulated.
Until the late 1950s, manures typically were either deposited directly by animals on pastures or processed in solid form and collected along with bedding (usually hay or straw) from animal housing facilities for application to the land as a crop nutrient. There were no regulated rates of application, seasonal restrictions, or requirements for the reporting, analysis, or monitoring of applied manures. This lack of protection may have been without consequence before iIFAP because animal farmers managed fewer animals, widely dispersed among agricultural lands, and relied on natural ecosystems for attenuating pathogens and absorbing or diluting nutrients. But as the number of animals on individual farms increased, the need for more efficient and regulated methods of manure management grew in importance.
As in large human settlements, improper management of the highly concentrated feces produced by IFAP facilities can and does overwhelm natural cleansing processes. Because of the large concentrations of animals and their manure, what was once a valuable byproduct is now a waste that requires proper disposal. As a result, animal feeding operations in the United States, whether IFAP or not, now use a number of manure management strategies depending on the type of operation and state and federal regulations.
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Before the emergence of industrial farm animal production systems, the ethic of animal husbandry held that good care of animals was wholly consistent with the interests of the farmer. Most animals were raised on diversified farms that produced both crops and several species of animals, which generally had access to the pasture or barnyard whenever weather conditions permitted. For the most part, husbandry was considered the responsibility of the producer.
More than 100 years later, farms in the 21st century have become highly specialized systems and no longer produce more than one crop and several species of livestock. Farms producing both crops and livestock still exist, but they are no longer the norm. Now, crop growers sell to feed mills that formulate engineered feeds to sell to farmers who raise and feed livestock. The supply chain has thus evolved to a series of distinct production processes connected through economic transactions. Consumers are now at the extreme end of this supply chain, yet they are increasingly concerned that farm animals are afforded a decent life. Unfortunately, it can be difficult to define what actually constitutes a decent life for animals because doing so includes both ethical (value-based) and scientific (empirical) components.
Increasing public awareness of the conditions prevalent in confinement agriculture (e.g., gestation and farrowing crates for swine, battery cages for layers) has led to consumer demand for changes in animal treatment. A poll conducted by Oklahoma State University and the American Farm Bureau Federation found that 75% of the public would like to see government mandates for basic animal welfare measures (http://asp.okstate.edu./baileynorwood/aw2/aw2main.htm). Possibly as a defensive response, the food animal industry has made changes that are easily marketed and that are aimed at changing public perception. Smithfield, for example, announced recently that it would eliminate the use of gestation crates in its hog-rearing operations, and the United Egg Producers have published standards for the treatment of laying hens.
Read Full Section: Animal Welfare (PDF)
Asked to describe rural life, people are likely to talk of pastoral landscapes, open spaces, a slower pace of life, a place where people are friendlier. In short, "rural" evokes an idyllic image of life, a counterpoint to the intense pace of urban life.
But the realities of rural life are somewhat different. A dominant feature of life in much of rural America is persistent poverty. In 2005, more than 15% of the rural population (73 million people) earned family incomes of less than $19,800, which is below the official poverty line. Most of the nearly 400 US counties that are classified as poor are also rural (USDA-ERS, 2008).
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Toward Sustainable Agriculture
Sustainability is a futuristic concept. Webster's dictionary defines the verb "sustain" as "to maintain," "to keep in existence," "to keep going." By definition, then, sustainability is a journey, an ongoing process, not a prescription or a set of instructions. So when we ask, "How do we sustain animal agriculture?" we are asking how to manage animal agriculture so that it can be maintained indefinitely and what changes are necessary to accomplish that goal.
Sustainable animal agriculture requires that we envision the challenges and changes the future will bring. In his extensive studies of past civilizations, Jared Diamond has observed that civilizations that correctly assessed their current situations, anticipated changes, and started preparing for those changes were the ones that thrived—they were sustainable. Civilizations that failed in these efforts were the ones that collapsed—they were not sustainable (Diamond, 1999; Diamond, 2005).
Read Full Section: Conclusion (PDF)
Reccomendations
The Pew Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production was charged with examining the current US system of food animal production and its impact on public health, the environment, animal welfare, and rural communities. The Commission's recommendations are intended to ensure that the system is able to provide safe, affordable meat, dairy, and poultry products in a sustainable way. Commissioners recognize that the current system, like agriculture as a whole, has achieved a remarkable record of increasing productivity and lowering prices at the supermarket, with the result that Americans' expenditures for meat, poultry, dairy, and eggs as an inflation-adjusted share of their disposable income were lower in 2007 than in 1950.
But as industrial farm animal production (IFAP) systems have increased cost-efficient agricultural food production, they have also given rise to problems that are beginning to require attention by policymakers and the industry. Given the relatively rapid emergence of the technologies for industrial farm animal production, and the dependence on chemical inputs, energy, and water, many IFAP systems are not sustainable environmentally or economically.
Much of the basis for concentrated animal production originally derived from inexpensive corn and other plentiful feed grain crops, cheap energy, and free, abundant water. Inexpensive corn, for example, allowed the development of specially formulated feeds that increase growth rates and shorten the time required to get animals to market. But the emerging market for biofuels has changed that equation because the value of corn and other commodity crops is now tied to their energy value, often resulting in higher prices. Similarly, IFAP systems also depend on abundant freshwater resources and on inexpensive fossil fuels for energy. As supplies of both become scarce, their rising costs raise questions about the sustainability of the current production process. Sustainability will require new approaches that use less water and energy.
Industrial farm animal production systems are also highly dependent on intensive animal confinement, which commonly requires the use of antimicrobials to prevent disease, not just to treat it. Together with the use of antimicrobials to promote animal growth, these practices accelerate the emergence of resistant microbes, with obvious risks for both animals and humans.
In addition, intensive confinement systems increase negative stress levels in the animals, posing an ethical dilemma for producers and consumers. This dilemma can be summed up by asking ourselves if we owe the animals in our care a decent life. If the answer is yes, there are standards by which one can measure the quality of that life. By most measures, confined animal production systems in common use today fall short of current ethical and societal standards.
Furthermore, the concentrated animal waste and associated possible contaminants from ifa p systems pose a substantial environmental problem for air quality, surface and subsurface water quality, and the health of workers, neighboring residents, and the general public.
Finally, the costs to rural America have been significant. Although many rural communities embraced industrial farming as a source of much-needed economic development, the results have often been the reverse. Communities with greater concentrations of industrial farming operations have experienced higher levels of unemployment and increased poverty. Associated social concerns—from elevated crime and teen pregnancy rates to increased numbers of itinerant laborers—are problematic in many communities and place greater demands on public services. The economic multiplier of local revenue generated by a corporate-owned farming operation is substantially lower than that of a locally owned operation. Reduced civic participation rates, higher levels of stress, and other less tangible impacts have all been associated with high concentrations of industrial farm production.
Read Full Section: Recommendations (PDF)
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Campaign on Human Health and Industrial Farming


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Source:Voolsy Networks Pvt Ltd
Category:High Technology
Voolsy Wins the 'Restaurant Technology Award - 2017' by Restaurant India
PUNE, India, March 22, 2017/PRNewswire/ -
March 19 was a proud day for Voolsy. The iBeacon-based in-restaurant ordering and payment startup Voolsy bagged the 'Restaurant Technology Award - 2017' organized by Restaurant India in partnership with Franchise India at Hotel Westin, Pune.
Every year Restaurant India, the biggest leadership forum on restaurant business, presents its breakthrough award for the startup that shows tremendous technology updation in the restaurant industry. The award recognizes an outstanding startup performer in technology that helps make restaurant goer's life easy and hassle-free. This event is a unique platform that aims to highlight industry-specific dynamics.
Voolsy has been chosen based on the vision, execution and the technological advancement that the app has brought in the industry in the operations of restaurant system. Voolsy has reinvented the whole dine-out experience of restaurant goers by creatively applying the technology to offer solutions to the daily problems they face.
Voolsy is not your average food ordering and delivery app. It focuses on ordering and payment inside the restaurant. Voolsy allows its users to view the menus of the outlets, read descriptions of the dishes, make any customizations required, place their orders, and also pay through the app itself. Voolsy automatically detects the location of the user to make the ordering process easier; it does so through one of Apple Inc.'s most advanced technologies - iBeacons. Interestingly, this is the first time iBeacons have been integrated with the restaurant sector in India.
Smit Nebhwani, CEO, Voolsy, said, "I am elated with this news. Since I started Voolsy, my goal is to ease the restaurant operation and customer's hassle of waiting for their order and bill payment. This award is definitely a boost for our vision for more advancement in Voolsy. Right now, we have partnered with more than 1000+ outlets and we are aiming to add 5000+ outlets before ending of Q2 2017. We want to take Voolsy to all the restaurants or dining outlets where service is an issue. We have a strong presence in restaurants, food courts, bar as well as cinemas."
"Restaurant Technology Award measures business achievement through technology in the field of restaurant industry and Voolsy is championing its innovation very well, so far. Our team has put in tremendous amount of work to create Voolsy. It is an honour to have an outside authority validate the quality of our work. Getting this award, I would definitely say that Voolsy is reshaping the overall dining experience of restaurant business," said Amrish Patel, President, Voolsy.
Launched only a year ago, Voolsy has more than 1 lakh registered users and transactions worth Rs. 4 crore. It currently operates in Ahmedabad, Mumbai and Bengaluru and has partnered with over 1000 restaurants. The app, which also has a manager version for restaurants, has successfully integrated with the best POS software companies in the country. Equipped with a highly talented and motivated team, Voolsy is well on its way to achieving its next target of partnering with 5000+ restaurants in a next few months. And you would soon be able to use Voolsy in cities like Gurugram, Chennai, Pune and Delhi.
About Voolsy:
Voolsy is India's first iBeacon app for in-restaurant ordering and payment. It is currently operational in Ahmedabad, Bengaluru and Mumbai. Voolsy will soon be launched in Chennai, Gurugram, Pune and Delhi. It is available on Play Store and App Store
Irfan Pathan
godigital@voolsy.com
Voolsy Networks Pvt. Ltd.


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"The Social and Psychological Impact of Endometriosis on Women's Lives: A Critical Narrative Review" (2013), by Lorraine Culley, Caroline Law, Nicky Hudson, Elaine Denny, Helene Mitchell, Miriam Baumgarten, and Nicholas Raine-Fenning
In "The Social and Psychological Impact of Endometriosis on Women's Lives: A Critical Narrative Review," hereafter "Social and Psychological Impact of Endometriosis," authors Lorraine Culley, Caroline Law, Nicky Hudson, Elaine Denny, Helene Mitchell, Miriam Baumgarten, and Nicholas Raine-Fenning review the extent at which endometriosis results in a negative quality of life for affected women.
Subject: Reproduction, Disorders, Publications
Women's Right to Know Act (2019) by Americans United for Life
In 2019, Americans United for Life, hereafter AUL, published a model legislation, called the Women's Right to Know Act, in their annual publication Defending Life. The goal of the model legislation, which AUL annually updates, is to help state governments enact enhanced informed consent laws for abortion. The Women's Right to Know Act requires physicians to provide specific information to women before they may consent to having an abortion.
Subject: Legal, Publications, Reproduction
"Relationship between Ultrasound Viewing and Proceeding to Abortion" (2014), by Mary Gatter, Katrina Kimport, Diana Greene Foster, Tracy A. Weitz, and Ushma D. Upadhyay
In January 2014, Mary Gatter and colleagues published "Relationship between Ultrasound Viewing and Proceeding to Abortion" in Obstetrics and Gynecology hereafter "Ultrasound Viewing." As of 2021, ten states require women to undergo an ultrasound before they may consent to having an abortion. Self-described pro-life organizations assert that viewing an image of the fetus will dissuade women from having an abortion.
Subject: Publications, Reproduction
Birth Control or the Limitation of Offspring (1936), by William J. Robinson
Birth Control or the Limitation of Offspring was written by American eugenics and birth control advocate William J. Robinson. First published in 1916, the final edition (forty-eighth) was published in 1936, the same year that Robinson died. As a medical doctor and author, Robinson used his influence to promote propaganda for "fewer and better babies," by focusing on contraception. Even Margaret Sanger, another prominent eugenics and birth control advocate, took great interest in this book. Robinson had three goals in mind when writing Birth Control.
The Time Has Come: A Catholic Doctor's Proposals to End the Battle over Birth Control (1963), by John Rock
In 1963, Roman Catholic fertility doctor John Rock published The Time Has Come: A Catholic Doctor's Proposals to End the Battle over Birth Control, a first-person treatise on the use of scientifically approved forms of birth control for Catholic couples. The first contraceptive pill, called Enovid, had been on the market since June 1960, and Rock was one of the leading researchers in its development. In The Time Has Come, Rock explicitly describes the arguments for and against the use of birth control from both a religious and a scientific perspective.
Subject: Publications, Religion, Reproduction
"Limitations in Abortion Legislation: A Comparative Study" (2007), by Orli Lotan
Written by Orli Lotan on behalf of the Knesset (Israeli Parliament) Center for Research and Information, "Limitations in Abortion Legislation: A Comparative Study" (hereafter abbreviated "Legislation") examines abortion legislation in Israel, the US, Canada, and a number of European countries. The study also acknowledges the medical, moral, ethical, and religious implications of abortion and the impact of such legislation on society in each country.
Subject: Publications, Legal, Reproduction
"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Health Personnel of Maternities in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV..." (2018), by Elie Nkwabong, Romuald Meboulou Nguel, Nelly Kamgaing, and Anne Sylvie Keddi Jippe
In 2018, researchers Elie Nkwabong, Romuald Meboulou Nguel, Nelly Kamgaing, and Anne Sylvie Keddi Jippe published, "Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Health Personnel of Maternities in the Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV in a sub-Saharan African Region with High Transmission Rate: Some Solutions Proposed," in BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.
Subject: Publications, Reproduction, Disorders
An Atlas of Fertilization and Karyokinesis of the Ovum (1895), by Edmund Beecher Wilson
Edmund Beecher Wilson in the US published An Atlas of Fertilization and Karyokinesis of the Ovum (hereafter called An Atlas) in 1895. The book presents photographs by photographer Edward Leaming that capture stages of fertilization, the fusion of sperm and egg and early development of sea urchin (Toxopneustes variegatus) ova, or egg cell. Prior to An Atlas, no one photographed of eggcell division in clear detail. Wilson obtained high quality images of egg cells by cutting the cells into thin sections and preserving them throughout different stages of development.
"Beyond Menstrual Hygiene: Addressing Vaginal Bleeding Throughout the Life Course in LMICs" (2017), by Marni Sommer, Penelope A. Phillips-Howard, Therese Mahon, Sasha Zients, Meredith Jones, and Bethany A. Caruso
In "Beyond Menstrual Hygiene: Addressing Vaginal Bleeding Throughout the Life Course in LMICs," hereafter "Beyond Menstrual Hygiene," Marni Sommer, Penelope A. Phillips-Howard, Therese Mahon, Sasha Zients, Meredith Jones, and Bethany A. Caruso explored the barriers women experience in managing menstruation and other forms of vaginal bleeding in low and middle-income countries, which the researchers abbreviate to LMICs. The medical journal British Medical Journal Global Health published the article on 27 July 2017.
Subject: Reproduction, Publications
"Pregnancy Established in an Infertile Patient After Transfer of a Donated Embryo Fertilized In Vitro" (1983), by Alan Trounson, John Leeton, Mandy Besanko, Carl Wood, and Angelo Conti
In 1983, researchers Alan Trounson, John Leeton, Carl Wood, Mandy Besanko, and Angelo Conti published the article "Pregnancy Established in an Infertile Patient After Transfer of a Donated Embryo Fertilized In Vitro" in The British Medical Journal. In the article, the authors discuss one of the first successful experiments using in vitro fertilization, or IVF, with the use of a human donor embryo at the Monash University and Queen Victoria Medical Center in Melbourne, Australia.
Subject: Publications, Publications, Reproduction, Processes
"The Intergenerational Effects of Fetal Programming: Non-genomic Mechanisms for the Inheritance of Low Birth Weight and Cardiovascular Risk" (2004), by Amanda J. Drake and Brian R. Walker
In 2004, Amanda J. Drake and Brian R. Walker published "The Intergenerational Effects of Fetal Programming: Non-genomic Mechanisms for the Inheritance of Low Birth Weight and Cardiovascular Risk," hereafter, "The Intergenerational Effects," in the Journal of Endocrinology. In their article, the authors assert that cardiovascular disease may develop via fetal programming, which is when a certain event occurring during a critical point of pregnancy affects the fetus long after birth.
Subject: Publications, Theories, Reproduction


text:
Regulating Australia's financial stability in the national interest
Louise Parsons*
Given the importance of financial stability to Australia, it seems somewhat surprising that the Australian Parliament has not fully and clearly utilised its available regulatory tools to mandate and empower the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) with the overarching responsibility for financial stability. This chapter argues that financial stability is a national interest of Australia, and that both persistent and new threats to financial stability warrant appropriate regulatory action by the Australian government. This chapter briefly outlines Australia's current regulatory architecture for financial stability. It concludes that the current regulatory framework in Australia, addressing in particular the responsibility and accountability of the RBA for financial stability, should be clarified.
Australia's trade, investment and security in the Asian century
J Farrar, M Hiscock, V I Lo
World Scientific Publishing
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814632874_0015
Parsons, L. (2015). Regulating Australia's financial stability in the national interest. In J. Farrar, M. Hiscock, & V. I. Lo (Eds.), Australia's trade, investment and security in the Asian century (pp. 251-269). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814632874_0015
Parsons, Louise. / Regulating Australia's financial stability in the national interest. Australia's trade, investment and security in the Asian century. editor / J Farrar ; M Hiscock ; V I Lo. Singapore : World Scientific Publishing, 2015. pp. 251-269
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10.1142/9789814632874_0015
Australia's trade, investment and security in the Asian century