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A few months ago I was offered the opportunity to join an organized base-visit to Casement Aerodrome at Baldonnel, the home of the Aer Chór na hÉireann, the Irish Air Corps (IAC). With the material gathered during this visit and a few pictures from my personal archive I will try to give you an overview of the current air assets of this relatively unknown and relatively rarely seen (on mainland Europe at least) air force.
One of the roles of the IAC, as with many other air forces, is Air Defense. For this role, in 2004, 8 Pilatus PC-9M's were delivered. These aircraft have six under-wing hard points and can be armed with either two Belgian-made FN HMP250 gun pods, each carrying a M3P .50 machine gun or with the FN LAU-7 rocket pods, each carrying seven FFARs (Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket). The fleet of PC-9M's is off course also used in the pilot training role and are operated by the Flying Training School, part of the Air Corps College. In 2009 one of the PC-9M's, serial 265 (seen here while landing at Beauvechain, Belgium in 2009), was lost in a fatal accident, but in 2017 a replacement aircraft, serial number 269, was delivered to the unit, the serial '268' was not used for an unknown reason.
A very important role for the IAC is maritime surveillance, which includes fisheries protection and the monitoring of illegal maritime trafficking. For this the IAC uses two CASA CN-235M-100 patrol aircraft (serials 252 & 253). Unfortunately both aircraft were absent during our visit, but luckily they are regular visitors to the Royal International Air Tattoo at RAF Fairford where I saw them in previous years. The aircraft are operated by 101 Squadron, 'The maritime squadron', part of 1 Operations Wing and plan indicate that they are due for replacement with a more capable maritime patrol aircraft. No 1 Operations Wing is also responsible for 102 and 104 Sqn, the other two fixed-wing aircraft squadrons. 102 Squadron, 'Ministerial Air Transport Squadron', operates a single Gates Learjet 45 (serial 258), that was delivered in 2012, and is responsible for VIP transport. 104 Squadron, 'Army Co-Operation Squadron', operates the Reims-Cessna FR-172, of which 8 H-models and 1 K-model were delivered in 1972. During our visit three were seen operationally (203, 208 and 210), another one (206) was preserved in the base museum and a fifth airframe (205) was in a hangar next to the museum, so its status is a bit unclear. The Cessna's prime role is surveillance on behalf of the Irish Army and Utility transport. Their years in the IAC are numbered as in December 2017 a contract was signed with Pilatus for the delivery of three Pilatus PC-12's, who will replace the Cessna's. The first PC-12 was already noted in June 2018, but is currently undergoing installation of its ISTAR (Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance) package, so delivery of the first aircraft is expected to take place in 2019.
The second Wing at Casement Aerodrome is 3 Operations Wing, which is responsible for the two helicopter squadrons of the Irish Air Corps. 301 Squadron currently operates six AgustaWestland AW-'139s delivered between 2006 and 2008, when they replaced the venerable Aérospatiale SA-365F Dauphin. The AW-139's are used for various roles ranging from air ambulance, monitoring of inshore fishing activities, VIP transport, troop transport, general utility and army support, for this last role it can be equipped with the FN MAG 58M heavy machine gun. The second helicopter squadron, 302 Squadron, is equipped with two Eurocopter EC-135P2's, also mainly used in the army support role. During our visit only one of the EC-135P2's was present. The IAC operates two additional EC-135's, 256 & 272, that are operated by the Garda Air Support Unit (GASA), the Irish Police. One of these was present during our visit (as was their Britten-Norman BN2T-4S Islander), but unfortunately we were not allow to photograph these out of security reasons !
This completed our visit to the operational part of the Irish Air Corps, but Casement Aerodrome also houses a very nice base museum covering their history and off course we were also allowed to pay it a visit. During our visit we got an extensive explanation about its origins and the various aircraft used in the past.
Oldest aircraft in the museum is an Avro 631 Cadet, serial C7. This biplane trainer was delivered in 1934 and was also used in the coastal patrol role. It eventually ended up in New Zealand where it was recovered by the Irish for preservation in the museum. A second Avro-product is the Avro Nineteen, in fact the civil version of the Avro Anson. The aircraft in the museum entered service in 1946. Due to its proximity, the United Kingdom was a favorite aircraft supplier of IAC-aircraft, as the collection also holds a De Havilland DHC1 Chipmunk T20 and a Percival Provost T51. Final aircraft in this range is a De Havilland DH104 Dove 6. The museum's Dove is not an original IAC aircraft, but will be restored in the near future, probably to represent one of the IAC examples.
The first jet to enter service with the Irish Air Corps was the De Havilland DH115 Vampire. In total six were delivered from 1956 onwards and remained in service until 1976 when they were replaced by six second-hand Fouga CM170-2 Magisters. Interestingly some of the Fouga's were initially earmarked for delivery to the AviKat, the Aviation Katangaise, the air force of Katanga, a region that tried to break away from the Congo in the early sixties. During our visit four of the six Fouga's were noted at Baldonnel, a fifth (serial 217) is currently preserved at Zeltweg in Austria, this example used to be an ex-Austrian Air Force example, and the sixth (serial 220) is nowadays used as an instructional airframe at Carlow (Ireland). Also of interest was the presence of a former French Fouga, serial 79/3-KE, that was delivered to Ireland for use as an instructional airframe (it even was allocated an Irish serial, '221', which it never wore), still wearing its original French colors. Final aircraft I want to mention in the museum section is the Siai-Marchetti SF-260W, of which 12 were delivered. Only one was preserved in Ireland, as the remaining 7 survivors were very popular on the United States second-hand market where they all are in airworthy condition.
The future of the Irish Air Corps will be quite challenging as several of the current types are due for replacement. The Cessna FR-172's will be replaced by the PC-12's; they plan to replace the CN-235M's with a more capable maritime patrol aircraft and apparently around 2025 a scheduled replacement for the PC-9M is needed, but until now no firm orders have been placed.
Finally I want to thank the Irish Air Corps Air Staff for their very kind reception at Casement Aerodrome and of course Grant Robinson from the Oxford Aviation Group for allowing me to join their tour, much appreciated !


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The HIGH PRIESTS of WAR
288 in stock (can be backordered)
The HIGH PRIESTS of WAR quantity
Categories: Conspiracy, Israel, Michael Collins Piper
The High Priests of War is a non-fiction book that resembles a Gothic horror novel, a classic tale of a haunted house and the evil spirits that dwell within, the story of a wealthy young king—scion of a famous family—ensconced in a stately palace and endowed with great powers, yet surrounded, even possessed, by malevolent demonic forces manipulating him from "back there in the shadows."
But the high priests of war exist in real life. The damage these neoconservative war-mongers are doing to America and the world is immense.
If these neoconservatives continue in their reign of ruin,we should not be surprised to see the White House end up looking once again as it did after being gutted by British torches in 1814: whether the consequence of a popular rebellion by angry patriotic Americans or the result of an attack by foreign forces determined to stop dead the intrigues of the high priests of war.
One thing is certain:
The time has come. Something has to be done . . .
A United States Senator Speaks Out:
Why Americans are really dying in Iraq . . .
"With 760 dead in Iraq and over 3,000 maimed for life, home folks continue to argue why we are in Iraq—and how to get out . . . Even President Bush acknowledges that Saddam Hussein had nothing to do with 9-11. . . Of course there were no weapons of mass destruction. Israel's intelligence, Mossad, knows what's going on in Iraq. They are the best. They have to know. Israel's survival depends on knowing. Israel long since would have taken us to the weapons of mass destruction if there were any or if they had been removed. With Iraq no threat, why invade a sovereign country? The answer: President Bush's policy to secure Israel."
—U.S. Senator Ernest F. Hollings (D-S.C.), writing in The Charlotte Post and Courier, May 6, 2004
(For making these forthright remarks, in a column in which he also specifically named several of the "high priests of war" described in this book, Sen. Hollings—a longtime friend of the U.S. military—was harshly denounced by the Anti-Defamation League and a host of politicians eager to curry favor with the Israeli lobby. Yet, just shortly before, a respected Jewish newspaper, Forward, stated that Israel had benefited from the Iraq war—"uniquely" it said—and that Israeli intelligence had provided information used by the Bush administration to justify the invasion of Iraq. See below for whatForward said.)
Leading Jewish Newspaper:
Israel 'uniquely benefited' from Iraq war . . .
"On the eve of the war, Israel was a quiet but enthusiastic supporter of America's war plans. Saddam Hussein's military power, it was universally agreed, made him one of the Jewish state's most dangerous adversaries . . . His overthrow was seen as eliminating Israel's most serious existential threat . . . [and Israel] eagerly cooperated . . . sharing information on Iraqi capabilities and intentions . . . meant to help the American action . . . . But because Israel uniquely benefited from a war that is increasingly controversial in America and around the world, fears of speaking out have grown even stronger than they were before the war."
—The New York-based Jewish weekly Forward, April 16, 2004
JIM TUCKER'S BILDERBERG DIARY PDF
Foreword by Christopher Bollyn
Preface: What Is Bilderberg
Chapter 1: The Early Years
Chapter 2: Quebec, 1983
Chapter 3: Saltsjobaden, 1984
Chapter 4: White Plains, 1985
Chapter 5: Gleneagles, 1986
Chapter 6: Cer nobbio, 1987
Chapter 7: Innsbruck, 1988
Chapter 8: La Toja, 1989
Chapter 9: Glen Cove, 1990
Chapter 10: Baden-Baden, 1991
Chapter 11: Evian, 1992
Chapter 12: Vouliagmeni, 1993
Chapter 13: Helsinki, 1994
Chapter 14: Burgenstock, 1995
Chapter 15: King City, 1996
Chapter 16: Lake Lanier, 1997
Chapter 17: Turnberry, 1998
Chapter 18: Sintra, 1999
Chapter 19: Brussels, 2000
Chapter 20: Gothenburg, 2001
Chapter 21: Chantilly, 2002
Chapter 22: Versailles, 200
Chapter 23: Stresa, 2004
Chapter 24: Rottach-Egern, 2005
After word: Masters of the Universe by Willis A. Carto
Appendix 1: Attendee Lists
Appendix 2: The Bilderberg Blackout
Appendix 3: Bilderberg Strikes Back
Appendix 4: Bilderberg Meeting Sites
HILLARY (AND BILL) TRILOGY Book Deal
Confessions of an Illuminati: The Time of Revelation and Tribulation Leading Up to 2020 (Volume II)
America's Racial POWDER KEG: How a Violent Dependency State Has Been Created Within the Black Community

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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BLM madness: 'I've lost everything'
By Gabe Kaminsky, The Federalist
A year ago Tuesday, George Floyd died. Thereafter, hundreds of businesses across the nation were looted by Black Lives Matter and other radicals. MN Fashion and Jewelry in West Philadelphia was one of them.
Masum Siddiquee stood in his home at 2:30 a.m. with his eyes glued to the surveillance cameras depicting activity in his store, he said. His two-decade-old shop, which sells cell phones, games, and jewelry, was being ransacked by criminals. Siddiquee was ready to go to the store and burst through the doors to protect it, but his wife advised him against it.
"I tried to come to my store but my wife said 'No, don't go, they're going to kill you,'" Siddiquee told The Federalist. "I came back four or five hours later after dawn."
When he finally arrived, the looters were gone. They had taken $200,000 worth of goods and the windows of the storefront were smashed, he said. He cleaned up the place himself, and said, "Everyone was watching, but no one was helping." The Bangladesh immigrant had worked hard for what he had, and it was destroyed in the blink of an eye.
Before the riot that destroyed it, Siddiquee's business was closed for more than two months because of strict coronavirus restrictions in the Commonwealth. After opening, he taped signs to the doorway informing customers that only two people with masks at a time could walk in. Only this month is Democratic Gov. Tom Wolf finally easing pandemic orders. But until 70 percent of Pennsylvanians have been vaccinated, Wolf's mask mandate remains.
The shop owner was denied a bank loan and received no coronavirus aid. He has relied on neighbors for help.
"I borrowed a lot of money from people and my area and I'm still trying to," he said. "I'm trying to arrange all those things. I'm trying to get back my business."
The doors are still shuttered to customers. When I spoke to Siddiquee upon calling his store, he answered only because he had happened to stop by and grab an item. He said he "is suffering profoundly" and has "lost everything."
Read more at The Federalist.
3 thoughts on "BLM madness: 'I've lost everything'"
Thursday, May 27th, 2021 at 10:29 pm
Assuming he has the videos, insist police arrest them…if identified, file charges and/or sue each of them. And where was his insurance?
Thursday, May 27th, 2021 at 1:06 pm
How heartbreaking to lose a business after 20 years due to lawlessness!! How did he not qualify for aide through the CARES Act? The SBA still has money available for him. The Paycheck Protection Program, local county Grants, PUA (Pandemic aide for self employed) just to name a few. He should still apply for help.
Thursday, May 27th, 2021 at 11:14 am
BLM has been given millions by corporate idiots. Sue them for inciting riots.


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John Major: let's take time out and revoke article 50
Tim Shipman
Sunday January 13 2019, 12.01am, The Sunday Times
The former Tory prime minister says 'a new process' of national consultation is required
JUSTIN TALLIS
Sir John Major today demands that the government should revoke article 50 to halt Britain's departure from the EU and hand control to parliament instead.
Writing in The Sunday Times, the former Tory prime minister says Theresa May should rescind existing Brexit legislation and call another referendum, arguing that "a new process" of national consultation is required.
Major warns that it would be "morally reprehensible" to slip into a no-deal Brexit, saying: "The cost . . . to our national wellbeing would be heavy and long-lasting. The benefits are close to zero. Every single household — rich or poor — would be worse off for many years to come. Jumping off a cliff never has a happy ending."
Calling for a halt to the


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Scientist win Nobel Prize for Sense of Warmth and Touch
Home » News » Scientist win Nobel Prize for Sense of Warmth and Touch
David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian, from the US, share the 2021 prize in Medicine or Physiology for their work on sensing touch and temperature. They discover how our bodies feel the warmth of the sun or a hug.
They unpicked how our bodies convert physical sensations into electrical messages in the nervous system.
Their findings could lead to new ways of treating pain.
Heat, cold and touch are crucial for experiencing the world around us and for our own survival.
But how our bodies actually do it had been one of the great mysteries of biology.
Thomas Perlman, from the Nobel Prize Committee, said: "It was a very important and profound discovery."
Prof David Julius's breakthrough, at the University of California, San Francisco, came from investigating the burning pain we feel from eating a hot chilli pepper.
He experimented with the source of a chilli's heat – the chemical capsaicin.
He discovered the specific type of receptor (a part of our cells that detects the world around them) that responded to capsaicin.
Further tests showed the receptor was responding to heat and kicked in at "painful" temperatures. This is what happens, for example, if you burn your hand on a cup of coffee.
The discovery led to a flurry of other temperature-sensors being discovered. Prof Julius and Prof Ardem Patapoutian found one that could detect cold.
Meanwhile, Prof Patapoutian, working at the Scripps Research institute, was also poking cells in a dish.
Those experiments led to the discovery of a different type of receptor that was activated in response to mechanical force or touch.
When you walk along a beach and feel the sand under your feet – it is these receptors that are sending signals to the brain.
Prof Patapoutian actually missed multiple attempts by the Nobel Prize committee to let him know he was a winner. His phone was set to do-not-disturb so the flurry of phone calls from Sweden (at 0200 California time) went unanswered.
"They somehow got to my 94 year old father who lives in Los Angeles and he was able to call me and wake me up and tell me the news, which was ended up being a fantastic way to find out," he said.
These touch and temperature sensors have since been shown to have a wide role in the body and in some diseases.
The first heat sensor (called TRPV1) is also involved in chronic pain and how our body regulates its core temperature. The touch receptor (PIEZ02) has multiple roles, from urinating to blood pressure.
The Prize Committee said their work had "allowed us to understand how heat, cold and mechanical force can initiate the nerve impulses that allow us to perceive and adapt to the world around us."
It added: "This knowledge is being used to develop treatments for a wide range of disease conditions, including chronic pain."
The pair will share the 10m Swedish kronor (£845,000) prize.
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COSAFA Women's Championship Day 3 Update
Home COSAFA Women's Championship Day 3 Update
Asa, July 5, 2011 January 6, 2014 , News, 0
COSAFA Women's Championship In Harare Zimbabwe 2011
Zimbabwe has cruised into the semi-finals of the 2011 COSAFA Women's Championship with a thrilling 8-2 victory over Malawi at the Rufaro Stadium in Harare on Monday afternoon.
Stars striker Rudo Machingura scored five goals as the home side came back from an early deficit to overwhelm their opponents.
The match was played in front of an appreciative FIFA President Sepp Blatter, who was on hand to witness a deluge of goals from early on in front of a capacity crowd.
The hosts were ahead inside eight minutes as Machingura scored after a pass from Tsitsi Mairosi, but Malawi hit back as Linda Kasenda used her skill to pull her side level.
And the Malawians were ahead soon afterwards when Kasenda scored her second, capitalising on a mistake from Zimbabwean defender Eunice Chidanha.
But that was as good as it got for the Malawians as Zimbabwe dominated proceedings from there on in.
Nokhutula Ndlovu brought the home side level with a fine strike, before Talent Mandaza netted from 30-yards with a shot that should have been saved by Malawian keeper Mwase Thoko.
Zimbabwe were further ahead just a minute later as Ndlovu started a finished a great move that saw her dribble past the keeper and finish into an empty net.
Machingura was then teed-up by Ndlovu for the home side's fifth, before she scored a brilliant solo effort as she dribbled past four defenders to make the score line 6-2.
Machingura the capitalised on a great cross from Tsitsi Mairosi to score her fourth, and the rout was complete as Marjory Nyaumwe set-up the former to add her fifth of the day.
The semi-final places in this year's tournament will be decided on Tuesday, though Zimbabwe, South Africa and Tanzania have already booked their places in the Last 4.
Lesotho could join them if they win or draw against Malawi, and Mozambique don't manage an unlikely victory over the rampant Zimbabweans.
The top two sides in each pool advance to the semi-finals on July 7, with the winners there to go head-to-head in the final on July 9. The semi-final losers will play for bronze in a third-place play-off on the same day.
Source: cosafa
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Julia Bic 7 years ago
I was about to post about this! You beat me to it!
I am currently speechless…


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Home Interviews T.H.E Interview – Son Savage
T.H.E Interview – Son Savage
Akshay Bhanawat
Son Savage shared his emotionally charged single 'The River' off of his upcoming album 'Folie à Deux' (Madness of Two).
It is a song that represents the cycle of toxic love patterns so well from the lyrics to the emotion that you feel pouring out of his vocals he creates a safe space of reflection where you feel heard rather than judged.
We caught up with him to learn more about how the name "Son Savage" came about, "The River", upcoming album and more.
Aditya – Hey, Welcome to this edition of T.H.E – Interviews! How's 2021 been for you so far?
Son Savage – Hello and thank you for having me! 2021 has been an absolute dream come true so far, and I'm super stoked to finally be dipping my toes into the music industry again.
Aditya – Right off the bat, I want to ask you the ideation behind your stage (or real) name 'Son Savage'?
Son Savage – As strange as it sounds, the name came to me in a dream. What I love about it is the duality that the name represents. A "son" is a defined person – a cis-man who likely has parents. You can totally paint a picture of a "son". "Savage", on the other hand, is quite abstract and broad. The music itself explores dualities – mixing traditional pop structures with more abstract interpretations of grassroots influences. It does help that this project was also born in probably the most savage years of my life – between COVID and the August 4 Beirut blast which almost wiped me and my entire home city off the face of the Earth last year.
Aditya – 'The River', your latest release gives me a very nostalgic feel, a very 80's vibe with a modern approach. Could we know more about this track?
Son Savage – 'The River' was never developed as a stand-alone track. The entire album, which will be released next month, was developed in a continuous creative train of thought which 'The River' is a part of. Like all the songs on the album, I took a relatively simple pop structure and contrasted it against influences that speak to me on a personal level, and those are usually rooted somewhere in the 60s-80s.
Aditya – What's your creative process like? How do you deal with writer's block?
Son Savage – I don't. I hate forcing myself to make music, so if a song doesn't click on the first go, it's usually a sign that I need to let go of it. My music needs to come organically, naturally, and I usually like to set up the structure of the song in one sitting to ensure a genuine outcome.
Aditya – I'd like to know about your 'Son Savage' persona!
Son Savage – Son Savage is my brain-child and is an amplification of my own personal quirks and ideas. Creating a fresh blank canvas on which I can paint this persona allowed me to truly explore thoughts, ideas and emotions I wouldn't have been able to explore otherwise.
Aditya – Could you brief us through the direction and production of the 'The River' music video?
Son Savage – The music video was directed by one of the most talented creatives that Beirut has to offer – my good friend Bilal Houssami. Seeing as we're friends to begin with, the entire process from creative conceptualization, pre-production, on-set, and post was an entire thrill and that reflects in the fun and light end result that came about – which is truly how we all felt during this entire process.
Aditya – I'm keen to see what your album has to offer, what should the fans expect from your forthcoming album?
Son Savage – The album, titled "Folie à Deux", which is French for "Madness of Two", comprises of 12 songs including 'The River'. Like 'The River', the rest of the album plays around hooky pop melodies, hypnotic synth-work, and a lot of grassroots influences. You're gonna hear a gospel choir on one track, a sax solo on another, guitar solos on a couple of tracks and a lot of experimentation with vocoders and talkboxes. As a body of work, the album explores love as a form of "folie à deux", with each song exploring a different and unique aspect of love, sex, loss and madness.
Aditya – You're back on the release radar after a 6-year hiatus, is it a 'one step back, two steps forward move'?
Son Savage – It's a 1,000 steps forward! I have been so incredibly blessed since the song came out, topping the International Charts on Anghami (which is the MENA region's equivalent of Spotify or Deezer) at number 1 yesterday after debuting at number 5 last week, beating out tracks by Drake, Billie Eilish, Lil Nas X and others. It is also currently the 9th overall song on the full charts (which also includes popular local powerhouses from North Africa and the GCC)
Aditya – You're based in Dubai now, how's the music scene there?
Son Savage – The music scene here is quite timid but evolving. I always believed that the Middle East is a melting pot of cultures – the amount of cultures I grew up exposed to in Beirut is incomparable to anywhere else in the world and I truly feel that the next big international act to make it into the global mainstream will come from somewhere in this region
Aditya – Lastly, what's your all-time favorite disco track and why?
Son Savage – Tough question but I'll have to say "You Should Be Dancing" by the Bee Gees. That entire era of music speaks to me at an existential level, mainly due to the vinyl records I grew up listening to from my dad's collection.
Son Savage
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Campus Ambassador
Actuarial ScienceStatistics for Data Science
Theory of Estimation Or What is Estimation
Ayesha Agarwal	 Feb 22, 2019 0
One of the major applications of statistics is to estimate the unknown population parameter. For example what is Estimation, a poll may seek to estimate the portion of adult residents of a city who are unemployed. The process of providing numerical values to the unknown parameter of the population is known as estimation. The theory of estimation was founded by Prof. R.A. Fisher in a series of fundamental papers round about 1930 and includes some important characteristics and methods of finding good estimators of the unknown population parameter.
Basic Terminologies
Population: A group of individuals under study is called population. The population may be finite or infinite. Eg. All the registered voters in India.
Sample: A finite subset of statistical individuals in a population. Eg. Selecting some voters from all registered voters.
Parameter: The statistical constants of the population such as mean (μ), variance (σ2) etc. Eg. Mean of income of all the registered voters.
Statistic: The statistical constants of the sample such as mean (X̄), variance (s2) etc. In other words, any function of the random sample x1, x2,…, xn that are being observed say, Tn is called a statistic. Eg. Mean of income of selected voters.
Estimator: If a statistic is used to estimate an unknown parameter θ of the distribution, then it is called an estimator. Eg. Sample mean is an estimator of population mean.
Estimate: A particular value of the estimator is called an estimate of an unknown parameter. Eg. Mean income of selected voters is ₹25000 which represents mean income of all the registered voters.
Sampling Distribution: When the total probability is distributed according to the value of statistic then the distribution is said to be sampling distribution. Eg. If we want the average height of a voter, we can randomly select some of them and use the sample mean to estimate the population mean.
Standard Error: The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of a statistic is known as its standard error and is denoted by 's.e.' Eg. If we want to know the variability of the height of voters, then standard error is used.
Now, before discussing about different methods of finding estimates of unknown population parameter, it is important to know the characteristics of a good estimator. Here, "a good estimator" is one which is close to the true value of the parameter as much as possible. The following are some of the criterion that should be satisfied by a good estimator:
Unbiasedness
This is a desirable property of a good estimator. An estimator Tn is said to be an unbiased estimator of γ (θ), where γ (θ) is a function of unknown parameter θ, if the expectation of the estimator is equal to the population parameter, i.e.,
E [Tn] = γ (θ)
Example: If X ~ N (μ,σ2), the sample mean is always an unbiased estimator of the population mean, i.e., E [X̄] = μ
An estimator is said to be consistent if increasing the sample size produces an estimate with smaller standard error (standard deviation of sampling distribution of a statistic). In other words, if the sample size increases, it becomes almost certain that the value of a statistic will be very close to the true value of the parameter. Example: Sample mean is a consistent estimator of the population mean, since as sample size n→∞, the sample means converges to the population mean in probability and variability of the sample mean tends to 0.
There is a necessity of some further criterion which will enable us to choose between the estimators, with the common property of consistency. Such a criterion which is based on the variances of the sampling distribution of estimators is usually known as efficiency.
It refers to the size of the standard error of the statistic. If two statistic are compared from a sample of same size and we try to decide which one a good estimator is, the statistic that has a smaller standard error or standard deviation of the sampling distribution will be selected.
If T1 is the most efficient estimator with variance V1 and T2, any other estimator with variance V2, then the efficiency E of T2 is given by:
[∵ Efficiency and Variances are inversely proportional]
An estimator is said to be sufficient for a parameter, if it contains all the information in the sample regarding the parameter.
If Tn is an estimator of parameter θ, based on a sample x1, x2,…, xn of size n from the population with density f(x,θ), such that the conditional distribution of x1, x2,…, xn given Tn, is independent of θ, then Tn is sufficient estimator for θ.
Methods of Point Estimation
So far we have been discussing the requisites of a good estimator. Now we shall briefly outline some of the important methods of obtaining such estimators. Commonly used methods are:
Method of Moments
Method of Maximum Likelihood Estimation
Method of Minimum Variance
Method of Least Squares
Method of Moments (MoM)
The basic principle is to equate population moments (i.e. the means, variances, etc. of the theoretical model) to the corresponding sample moments (i.e. the means, variances, etc. of the sample data observed) and solve for the parameter(s).
Let x1, x2, …, xn be a random sample from any distribution f(x,θ) which has m unknown parameters θ1, θ2, …, θm, where m ≤ n. Then the moment estimators θ ̂ 1, θ ̂ 2, …, θ ̂ m are obtained by equating the first m sample moments to the corresponding m population moments and then solving for θ1, θ2, …, θm.
Method of Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE)
MLE is widely regarded as the best general method of finding estimators. In particular, MLE's usually have easily determined asymptotic properties and are especially good in the large sample situations. "Asymptotic'' here just means when the samples are very large.
Let x1, x2, …, xn be a random sample from a population with density f(x,θ). The likelihood function of the observed sample at the function of θ is given by:
Notice that the likelihood function is a function of the unknown parameter θ. So different values of θ would give different values for the likelihood. The maximum likelihood approach is to find the value of θ that would have been most likely to give us the particular sample we got. In other words, we need to find the value of θ that maximizes the likelihood function. In most cases, taking logs greatly simplifies the determination of the MLE θ ̂. Differentiating the likelihood or log likelihood with respect to the parameter and setting the derivative to 0 gives the MLE for the parameter.
It is necessary to check, either formally or through simple logic, that the turning point is a maximum. The formal approach would be to check that the second derivative is negative.
It is also known as Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator (MVUE). As the name itself depicts, estimator which is unbiased as well as having minimum variance.
If a statistic Tn based on a sample of size n is such that:
Tn is unbiased
It has the smallest variance among the class of all unbiased estimators
then Tn is called MVUE of θ.
The principle of least squares is used to fit a curve of the form:
where θi's are unknown parameters, to a set of n sample observations (xi, yi); i=1,2,…,n from a bivariate population. It consists of minimizing the sum of squares of residuals,
subject to variations in θ1, θ2, …, θn. The normal equations for estimating θ1, θ2, …, θn are given by:
Confidence Intervals and Confidence Limits
Confidence interval provides an 'interval estimate' for an unknown population parameter. It is designed to contain the parameter's value with some stated probability. The width of the interval provides a measure of the precision accuracy of the estimator involved.
Let xi, i = 1, 2, … n be a random sample of size n from f(x,θ). If T1(x) and T2(x) be any two statistics such that T1(x) ≤ T2(x) then,
P(T1(x) < θ < T2(x)) = 1 – α
where α is level of significance, then the random interval (T1(x), T2(x)) is called 100(1-α)% confidence interval for θ.
Here, T1 is called lower confidence limit and T2 is called upper confidence limit. (1-α) is called the confidence coefficient.
Usually, the value of α is taken as 5% in the testing of hypothesis. Thus, if α = 5%, then there is a 95% chance of the estimate to be in the confidence interval.
Interval estimate = Point estimate ± Margin of Error
The margin of error is the amount of random sampling error. In other words, the range of values above and below the sample statistic.
Margin of Error = Critical Value * Standard Error of the statistic
Here, a critical value is the point (or points) on the scale of the test statistic beyond which we reject the null hypothesis, and is derived from the level of significance α of a particular test into consideration.
Confidence intervals are not unique. In general, they should be obtained via the sampling distribution of a good estimator, in particular, the MLE. Even then there is a choice between one-sided and two-sided intervals and between equal-tailed and shortest length intervals although these are often the same.
So, we have learned what the estimation is, i.e., the process of providing numerical value to unknown population parameter. To test whether an estimate is a good estimator of the population parameter, an estimate should have the following characteristics:
There are different methods of finding estimates such as method of moments, MLE, minimum variance and least squares. Of these methods, MLE is considered as the best general method of finding estimates.
Also, there are two types of estimations, point and interval estimation. Point estimation provides a single value to the estimate, whereas, interval estimation provides confidence interval which is likely to include the unknown population parameter.
Hence, now you have the basic understanding about the theory of estimation.
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Foreign Minister reiterates that Cuba will adhere to protocol after breaking off peace talks Colombia-ELN
Created on Monday, 21 January 2019 12:46 | Hits: 856 |
Tamaño letra:
HAVANA, Cuba, Jan 21 (ACN) Cuba's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Bruno Rodriguez Parrilla, reiterated, through his official Twitter account, that Cuba will act in strict respect for the Peace Dialogue Protocols signed between the Colombian Government and the National Liberation Army (ELN).
An article published this Saturday on the website of the Cuban Ministry of Foreign Affairs states that the announcement of the head of Cuban diplomacy comes after the decision of the Colombian president, Iván Duque, to put an end to negotiations with the ELN and to activate arrest warrants against the negotiators of the Colombian guerrilla stationed in Havana.
In his tweet, Rodriguez stressed that the island will abide by the Protocol signed by the parties, which determines the course of action in the event of a breakdown in the negotiation. The Cuban minister assured that his government will consult with the parties and other guarantors.
He reiterated his condolences to Colombia regarding an attack that took place in Bogotá, the Colombian capital, last Thursday, when a car bomb tried to enter a police facility, but at the time it was going to be checked inside, the driver accelerated and hit a wall, which activated the explosive charge.
In March 2016, the Colombian government, under the presidency of Juan Manuel Santos, and the ELN formally initiated the peace process to end the armed conflict between the parties.
The countries that guaranteed the beginning of this peace process were Ecuador, Venezuela, Brazil, Chile, Norway and Cuba, and the fixed headquarters of the peace negotiations was established in Quito; however, in 2018, Cuba became the headquarters of the process, so the ELN negotiators are in Cuban territory.
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Size of bus and teeth like bananas: 'Terror crocodile' conquered dinosaurs
August 13, 2020 by Nzegwu
A creature even more impressive than the imposing dinosaur? Meet the Deinosuchus, a crocodile-like monster with teeth the size of bananas. The beast hid in the water and devoured any dinosaur that ventured too close to the shore. As stated in the academic journal 'Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'.
The Deinosuchus – which means 'terror crocodile' – belonged to the genus of giant crocodiles, lived about 75 to 82 million years ago, and mainly ravaged North America. An adult specimen could weigh up to 1,300 kilograms and grow up to 12 meters in length, which is almost the same as the length of a bus: it was the largest carnivore in its ecosystem.
This made the Deinosuchus a lot larger than its modern descendant, it also had a much larger skull, which meant it doesn't look exactly like alligators and/or crocodiles. The American alligator – one of the largest reptiles in the world – grows up to 4.5 meters long and weighs up to 350 kilograms.
What the two do have in common is the immense bite force with which they can easily devour their prey. For example, the Deinosuchus may have eaten everything that crossed his path. "Deinosuchuswas a giant who terrorized mighty dinosaurs that came to the waterfront to drink," said vertebrate paleobiologist and research leader Adam Cossette.
"Until now, little was known about the animal. But in our research, we reveal a bizarre, monstrous predator with teeth the size of bananas." Those teeth marks were found on both the shells of turtles and the bones of gigantic dinosaurs.
Three kinds
Furthermore, the American researchers discovered that there were at least three species of Deinosuchus on Earth: Hatcheri, Riograndensis, and Schwimmeri. Two species lived in the west of America, a third species ravaged the Atlantic coastal plain.
And although the crocodile-like dinosaur could easily conquer other dinosaurs, it died out before the definitive end of the dinosaur era. Why is as yet unknown. For this reason, paleobiologist Cossette's research team is continuing the study. In addition, they would like to answer other questions. "There are two big holes at the end of the muzzle," says Cossette.
"These holes only occur in Deinosuchus, and we don't really know what they are for. Follow-up research may help us to unravel this mystery and provide further insight into this special animal," concludes the research leader.
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Solar Panel Cost Guide in Simonton Lake, IN (Jan 2023)
Simonton Lake Solar Installation Cost: $16,959
HOME > SOLAR PANEL COSTS > INDIANA > SIMONTON LAKE
Average Cost of Solar Panels in Simonton Lake
We go over average solar pricing in Simonton Lake.
Currently, the national average cost of solar panels is $2.66 per watt. However, in Simonton Lake, the typical cost of solar panels is $3 per watt. The average Simonton Lake homeowner needs a 9.0-kilowatt system, which would cost about $16,959, or $12,550 after the federal solar tax credit of 30% is applied.
The prices above are just estimates to give you an idea of the cost of solar panels. The actual cost of installing solar panels can vary depending on a few factors, such as how many panels you need, your energy usage and what company you go with. But, after you've paid the initial cost of installation, the return on investment for most homeowners is usually rewarding, with a net average savings of about $18,000 over 20 years on power bills.
Click the button below to get connected to a vetted solar company in your area for a custom quote.
Solar savings over time in Simonton Lake
Top Solar Installers in Simonton Lake
Although you can install solar panels yourself, it involves extra energy and handiness. For that reason, most people choose to go with a solar panel installer. Some solar installers, particularly local ones, can help you make the most of incentives in Simonton Lake, optimizing your ROI.
Working with a licensed solar installer can make going solar easier. Here are our recommendations:
See all of the solar companies in Simonton Lake
Factors that Affect Solar Panel Costs in Simonton Lake
For many Simonton Lake homeowners, the decision to go solar rests on cost. However, the range of solar installation costs can be quite wide in Simonton Lake, with typical prices between $20,000 to $40,000. There are several factors that significantly influence the price you'll pay, which we'll go over below.
When it comes to estimating the price of a solar panel system in Simonton Lake, one of the most important factors is the size of the system you need. Solar systems are sized by kilowatts (kW) and are mainly based on your home's energy consumption, which you can determine by looking at past electricity bills. Your total cost can increase by about $2,680 for each additional kilowatt you need. The brand and type of equipment you get for your solar system can raise or lower the price quite significantly. If you prefer a trusted brand name like Tesla or SunPower, these are often more expensive than other brands. Efficiency also matters. Whether you're opting for high efficiency because you have a small roof or just want maximum energy production, you will be looking at a higher equipment cost, but this can typically lead to more savings over time. Plus, if you want additional equipment like an electric vehicle charger or solar batteries, this will also increase the cost.
Many homeowners find the average cost of solar in Simonton Lake to be prohibitively steep, even if the investment pays off over time. Thankfully, nearly every solar company in the area provides access to financing options. Solar loans greatly decrease upfront costs in most cases, but they also result in paying more over time due to interest. You'll have to consider the long-term cost of loans, including the total interest you'll pay over the length of the loan. If you're only able to get a high-interest loan, then your total can be hundreds or even thousands of dollars more than the principal cost. Making a larger down payment or finding a solar loan with a low interest rate could reduce your costs considerably.
The remaining key cost factor you should keep in mind is the installer you choose. Given the booming popularity of green energy solutions in Simonton Lake, you'll have plenty of options to choose from, but each comes at different price points for labor and equipment. Some companies only sell products with high efficiency and therefore a higher price point — like Maxeon solar panels from SunPower or Tesla Powerwall batteries — so choosing those installers will generally come with an above-average cost. It's best to do some research and go with the company that has the products, warranties and services you want and also fits within your budget.
The company that does your system installation will affect the warranties and brands available to you, and it will also have an impact on your total cost. Since picking a company can be a tough decision, we have some tips to help you, such as:
Contract: Read the contract terms thoroughly to make sure you understand how much it will cost, project completion timeline incentives and warranties.
Warranty: If you're worried about the durability of your solar panel system, ensuring your company offers a 25-year, all-inclusive warranty can give you some peace of mind.
Reputation: The North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) is a well-established certification organization for renewable energy professionals. If your solar panel installer is NABCEP-certified, it likely has a solid reputation and is qualified to do the job well. Another way you can verify your installer's reputation is by reading reviews.
Solar Panel Brands: The type of solar panel you want to get plays a role in which company you should choose, since different companies offer different panels.
EcoWatch's Simonton Lake, IN Solar Cost FAQs
How much does it cost to install solar panels in Simonton Lake?
The average cost of solar panels in Simonton Lake is about $13,400 for a 5-kW system and $26,800 for a 10-kW system before the ITC, but the real cost will depend on certain factors such as the kind of solar panels you want, what size system you need and how much energy you consume.
Cost is a crucial factor to consider, but whether it's the most important for you depends on why you decided to go solar. In areas where rooftop space is limited, efficiency can be more important than the cost. Other factors that are important to take into account are the quality and durability of your solar panels.
How much can I save on power bills after switching to solar?
It is possible to eliminate your electricity bills with solar panels, but for most homeowners throughout Simonton Lake, that will require at least a 10-kW system. Not all homes will have the roof space for that size system, so you'll want to check with a local solar installer to see how many panels can fit on your roof.
How many solar panels should I get to power my home?
The exact number of solar panels you need depends on your household energy consumption and the amount of sunlight your roof gets. You can look at your energy bills for the past year to get an idea of the solar system size you'll need. The average household has to install between 20 and 35 panels to account for their typical energy usage.
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Bob Kulick
BOB KULICK Comments on Kiss Kruise 8 & Future Plans
Since the success of our KISS Kruise 7 & Indy Expo performances, I had hoped that the Kulick Brothers could play more shows together.
Many of you have asked why I will not be appearing on KISS Kruise 8 and give you a repeat performance of last years epic show.
Unfortunately due to a contractual dispute that couldn't be resolved, I will not be on KK8.
However I have 2 Kiss related events coming up:
I will be producing a song for the campers at Paul Stanley's Las Vegas Rock & Roll Fantasy Camp on Oct 6th
I will be appearing at The Hangar Pre Kiss Kruise Party Event On October 30 and I have a special surprise for all you KISS fans !!!
It has been a busy year for me producing artists and bands , writing music and preparing for some major recording projects which are in pre-Production now. I cant wait to share these new projects with all of you!
Also, this past year The Orchard released my first solo cd with 24 guest artists "SKELETONS IN THE CLOSET " to incredibly great reviews!!
I have a video coming out soon of a song I did with David Glen Eisley titled "India".
UK label Cherry Red has reissued my Skull Cd " No Bones About It' , along with another Skull cd title of unreleased songs titled "Now More Than Ever "
Looking forward to seeing you all soon !!!!
Hopefully in the future there will be other opportunities for Bruce and I to share the stage.
Bob Kulick.
BOB KULICK Unleashes His 'Skeletons In The Closet'
Fifty years is a long time to have a career in any type of industry. However fifty years in the cut throat music business is a miracle unto itself. Not to mention a relevant, successful run in not only one but several fields.
Grammy Award winning guitarist / songwriter / producer extraordinaire BOB KULICK began his musical profession at 16 – when most high schoolers are still trying to figure out where they're going in life - appearing on the 1966 album, 'Winchester Cathedral' from the Random Blues Band, the "baby band" that Bob played in that played The Café Wha in New York's Greenwich Village alongside Jimmy James and the Blue Flames (later rechristened Jimi Hendrix). "This was the first club gig I had experienced and it completely changed my world!" recalls the guitarist.
1973 saw Kulick make the connection that he has been associated the most with throughout his career. He auditioned for - and got passed over by - KISS. Instead of being dejected the six stringer aligned himself with the band over the years, playing on the studio material on 'KISS Alive 2.' providing solos on the 'Killers' album, co-writing "Naked City" from 'Unmasked' and guesting on Paul Stanley's 1979 solo album and tour a decade later. He even suggested his brother to the band. "It took multiple tries but we finally got him there!" Bob laughs.
Aside from KISS, Bob has, of course, played with Meat Loaf, Balance, Lou Reed, W.A.S.P., Skull, Murderer's Row and several other bands and studio projects over the years.
Fifty one years after making his recording debut, the well-respected axe slinger has decided it's time to release his first actual solo album, Skeletons in the Closet. Kulick explains, "I started writing new music in 2015 which then turned-into songs co-written with my former Balance bandmate, Doug Katsaros and my brother Bruce. I've had the thought of doing a solo project using some of the musicians I had worked with in the past for some time. Now armed with 4 new original songs my girlfriend (photographer, Julie Bergonz) introduced me to producer Bobby Ferrari at Vegas View Recording and he loved the idea of working with me, the guest artists and the four new songs and that introduction led to the making of this album.
A ten song affair, Skeletons in the Closet is half brand new songs and half material from his storied past. "The idea of doing these new songs / retrospective songs as one CD only came to me after the new original songs were done. Then we added our cover of "Goldfinger" and pulled five of my all-time favourite songs out from my "closet" creating Skeletons in the Closet."
Kicking off with "Rich Man," the uplifting track is the lyrical juxtaposition between what we don't have and being "rich" because we have "you" - a girlfriend, lover or a guitar or whatever it is that makes everything else alright. "Not Before You," co-written with Bob's brother Bruce, is a specific reference to, in this case, a new love. "London," Bob says, "is Jack the Ripper sideways. Our homage to Sweeney Todd and a 6 / 8 tempo and feel that, with Dee Snider's vocal, takes you to that place in London where 'No one hears you scream in the darkness.' Frankie Banali's unique drumming concept helped turn this into a larger than life song. "Goldfinger" is a tongue in cheek tribute to James Bond films - a heavy version of the classic Shirley Bassey song. "Player" is a theme we're all familiar with - getting "played by someone." This is another take on that story. Bob's back catalogue begins its appearance with Murderer's Row's "India" with an Indian / mid-eastern metal double bass drum guitar gallop and with a coral sitar solo played by Kulick. With the title track, Bob states, "I often look to start and / or end recorded songs by setting a mood, vibe or sound effect that 'speaks.' In "Skeletons in the Closet" you can hear the skeleton sounds in the beginning of the song, helping set the dark mood." "Can't Stop the Rock" "was written produced and recorded when David Eisley and I came up with the Sponge Bob song "Sweet Victory." This is another "rock" lyric song but a fun one we came up with which went great with "Sweet Victory" at that time. From Bob's Skull days, "Guitar Commandos" sees him trading lead guitar licks with his brother Bruce. "It's basically a song about the road and touring," he says. Wrapping up the album, "Eyes of a Stranger" is a song about how crazy love is. "The ups and downs of love, ya know, but also an uplifting and driving track to finish things off."
It's said that the best things always take time. With Skeletons in the Closet BOB KULICK drives that expression home.
Musicians appearing on Skeletons in the Closet include:
Lead vocalists – David Glen Eisley, Andrew Freeman, Todd Kerns, Robin McAuley, Dennis St. James, Dee Snider, Vick Wright.
Bassists – Kjell Benner, Bobby Ferrari, Bruce Kulick, Dennis St. James, Rudy Sarzo, Chuck Wright
Keyboardists - Doug Katsaros, Jimmy Waldo
Drummers – Vinnie Appice, Frankie Banali, Chuck Burgi, Scot Coogan, Brent Fitz, Bobby Rock, Jay Schellen, Eric Singer
Skeletons in the Closet lineup song by song:
Todd Kerns - Vocals
Bob Kulick - Guitars
Rudy Sarzo - Bass
Doug Katsaros - Keyboards & Backing Vocals
Vinny Appice - Drums
NOT BEFORE YOU
Robin McAuley - Vocals
Bruce Kulick - Bass
Brent Fitz - Drums
Dee Snider. - Vocals
Bobby Ferrari - Bass
Doug Katsaros - Keyboards and orchestration
Frankie Banali - Drums
Vick Wright - Vocals
Doug Katsaros - Keyboards
Scot Coogan - Drums
Andrew Freeman - Vocals
David Glen Eisley - Vocals
Jimmy Waldo - Keyboards
Chuck Wright - Bass
Jay Schellen - Drums
SKELETONS IN THE CLOSET
CANT STOP THE ROCK
Bob Kulick - Bass
Eric Singer - Drums
GUITAR COMMANDOS
Dennis St James - Vocals
Bruce Kulick - Guitars
Dennis St James - Bass
Chuck Burgi - Drums
Kjell Benner - Bass
Bobby Rock - Drums
David Glen Eisley
Robin McAuley
Jay Schellen
One On One With Mitch Lafon - BOB KULICK
http://www.spreaker.com/user/talkingmetal/1on1-mitch-lafon-141-bob-kulick-kiss-ali
In episode 141 of One On One With Mitch Lafon, guitarist and producer, Bob Kulick, sits down with Mitch to discuss his new book, upcoming EP, working as a ghost musician on KISS' Alive II & Killers albums, the making of the Paul Stanley 1978 solo album, touring with Alice Cooper, the 1989 Paul Stanley solo tour, Balance, Meat Loaf, Motorhead, his brother Bruce Kulick and much much more.
Drummer Allan Schwartzberg co-hosts this episode. Allan is best known to KISS fans for having 'ghost' drummed on KISS' The Elder, Animalize and Asylum albums as well as credited performances on the Gene Simmons and Peter Criss solo albums of 1978. He's also appeared, both credited and uncredited, on multiple Alice Cooper albums.
Quote from the interview:
KISS ALIVE II: "Paul called me and said Ace was dragging."
Feedback from the band on guitar playing during the recording of Alive II: "It doesn't sound like Ace enough. Try to keep it in the ball park."
"I had my own band, Balance. I played with Alice Cooper, Lou Reed, Meatloaf, and all these people. I'm just on this train going through all of these artists."
I'd agreed to play on Gene and Paul's [1978 solo albums], but it became an issue. To have the same lead player on two of the records just defeated the purpose of everybody doing a different thing."
Bruce Kulick on joining KISS: "This was his fate."
For more about BOB KULICK visit:
TWITTER: @BobKulickMusic
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/bob.kulick.75
For more Allan Schwartzberg visit:
Online: http://www.deepdiner.com
Twitter:@ABSchwartzberg
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/allan.schwartzberg
Follow Mitch Lafon on Twitter: @mitchlafon
One On One With Mitch Lafon's Official Twitter is: @1On1WithMitch
And Official Facebook page is: http://www.facebook.com/OneOnOneMitchLafon
Bruce Kulick


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Navigating Your Career in Computing: A Personal Adventure
Leng Tan, Senior Vice President, Oracle
Red Talks - https://www.cs.wisc.edu/cdis-red-talks/
Are you ready to start your career? Startups anyone? Is there life after work? Navigating a career in the fast-moving computer industry can be challenging, but it's never boring. Join us on Leng's personal adventure and hear how she navigated through big corporations and startups. Learn how she rose from being the sole women engineer to Senior Vice President of Engineering and survived to tell the story.
Leng was born in Singapore and came to University of Wisconsin-Madison for her B.S. in Computer Science. She also holds an M.S. in Computer Science from Stanford University. Leng joined Oracle in 1989 as the sole women database kernel developer. Upon returning to Oracle after the dotcom bust, she led Oracle's Self-Managing Database effort that created many patents and widely-adopted products. She is currently the Senior Vice President of Engineering for Oracle's system management products that enable customers to manage Oracle software and hardware.
https://uwmadison.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_S...
Cdis red talks


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Redefining Webster's
February 28, 2011 | by Joshua Kendall
"Burglaries are very common here of late," wrote 19-year-old Daniel Coit Gilman to his sister, Emily, in the spring of 1851. "Several houses and stores have been entered and robbed in the most scientific manner." The Yale junior could not help but admire the ingenuity of the thieves, who studied the accounts of their exploits as reported by the New Haven papers. On one occasion, Gilman observed, after the robbers learned they had missed a plate that had been stashed in a cupboard, "the next night . . . very thankful no doubt for the information, [they] made a second descent upon the premises with . . . a more thorough investigation."
A reverence for the scientific method—wherever it might be found—would fuel the signature achievement of this budding polymath with the distinctive wit. As the first president of Johns Hopkins University, Gilman created the first American research university. And in turn, the university helped escort American scholarship to the international stage.
Photo courtesy of Special Collections and Archives, The Milton S. Eisenhower Library
As an educator, Gilman exerted his greatest impact upon the hard sciences; Gilman's first five hires—Hopkins' original faculty—featured just one man of letters, a classicist, who was surrounded by experts in physics, chemistry, biology, and mathematics. And midway through his quarter-century tenure in Baltimore, he also helped found both the Johns Hopkins Hospital and the School of Medicine. But this "captain of education," as The New York Times described Gilman shortly after his death in 1908, still cared deeply about the humanities. "All sciences are worthy of promotion," the Johns Hopkins president declared in his inaugural address on February 22, 1876. "Or in other words, it is useless to dispute whether literature or science should receive most attention."
Gilman had a particular fondness for the emerging discipline of philology—the branch of literary studies that addresses the origin and use of words as well as affinities between languages. Right from the start, Johns Hopkins University harbored a Philological Association, where faculty discussed linguistic matters at monthly meetings open to the public. In 1880, the university began publishing The American Journal of Philology. "If I should name the languages taught here," Gilman noted in a report to the trustees in 1888, "it would be obvious that language and literature hold their time-honored place."
This word-lover, who had been steeped in Latin and Greek at Yale, did more than just pave the way for a new generation of literary scholarship while at Hopkins. Gilman's hefty resume also includes a stint as a pioneering lexicographer. A decade before coming to Baltimore, this man of science brought the scientific method to America's preeminent dictionary. As the co-editor of the 1864 edition of Webster's American Dictionary of the English Language—the first major revision of Noah Webster's 1828 masterpiece—Gilman was partly responsible for turning what had been a literary endeavor into the evidence-based dictionary as we know it. While this feat has often been obscured by Gilman's numerous accomplishments in the academy, it is no less impressive.
Gilman's interest in dictionaries dated back to his arrival in New Haven in the fall of 1848. Despite its heady science courses, Yale was at that time "a veritable storm-center" of lexicography, he would later recall, as about half of the university's 20 faculty members moonlighted as editors on Webster's Dictionary. After taking a course on eloquence taught by Chauncey Goodrich, the classicist who had replaced Webster as the dictionary's editor-in-chief, Gilman was smitten. By the time he reached Harvard as a graduate student, he toyed with the idea of writing a dictionary of his own.
In Cambridge, Gilman took up the study of geography. Afterward, he headed to St. Petersburg to join the staff of the new U.S. minister to Russia, Thomas Seymour. During his two years in Europe, Gilman toured scientific schools in several countries, reporting on his travels for various American periodicals. After a few months of graduate study in Berlin, Gilman accepted a position as a librarian at Yale. Not long after that return to New Haven in 1855, Goodrich, his former professor, invited him to get into the dictionary business.
At that time, Goodrich and his publisher, the G. & C. Merriam Company of Springfield, Massachusetts, were facing a crisis: Though universally admired and wildly successful, Webster's was in urgent need of a makeover. The definitions for its nearly 100,000 entries were not systematically organized. They lacked literary quotations to illustrate word usage. Even more significant, the 1847 edition, which Goodrich had edited, failed to incorporate the work of German philologists who had been making systematic discoveries about the roots of words since the early 19th century. "[Webster] has literally been undermined by the new researches," asserted Noah Porter, a consulting editor and a member of the Yale faculty, in 1857. "In regard to many words and in respect to whole classes of important roots, he is in error and of no authority to modern scholars." In short, it was high time for English lexicography to be transformed from an art into a science.
Since its birth in the early 18th century, the English dictionary had been primarily a literary endeavor governed by the idiosyncrasies of its creators. The great solo efforts by both Webster and his British predecessor, Samuel Johnson, author of the 1755 Dictionary of the English Language, were as much personal statements as repositories of objective truth. For example, Johnson expressed his pique with patrons by defining "patron" as "a wretch who supports with insolence, and is paid with flattery." Webster sneaked in his own predilections. The fervent Congregationalist defined marriage, for example, as a custom "instituted by God himself for the purpose of preventing the promiscuous intercourse of the sexes."
While Goodrich had already removed Webster's religious beliefs from the definitions, he hadn't tinkered with his fanciful etymologies. As a born-again Christian, Webster had been convinced of the literal truth of the book of Genesis, which asserted that all human beings once spoke the same language. He had spent a decade relating all languages back to the ur-language, which he called Chaldee, of his biblical namesake. Unfortunately, this assumption had led to wild speculations. For example, Webster had concluded that the verb "heat" was related to the Welsh word "cas," meaning hatred, and that the adjective "loud" was derived from the Arabic verb "walada," which means to bring forth. Such derivations ignored the major breakthrough in linguistics that Sir William Jones had made at the end of the 18th century. This Welsh Orientalist was the first to formulate the Indo-European hypothesis, which maintained that a common ancestor language lay behind Latin, Greek, Persian, German, the Romance languages, and Celtic.
In early 1859, Goodrich was ready to get cracking on the revision. To fix the etymologies, he hired the German scholar Carl August Friedrich Mahn. But the frail Goodrich, then nearing 70, could devote no more than two or three hours a day to the project, so he also needed help with the line editing. He would end up leaning heavily on his colleagues on the Yale faculty in general, and on Gilman in particular.
"I understand that the letter A," Goodrich wrote to publishers George and Charles Merriam, on May 26, 1859, "is to be taken up for a commencement by such of these gentlemen (especially Mr. Gilman) as are now ready to commence. This will be done upon a plan marked out by me in conversation with Mr. Gilman."
Gilman's wage for that work was initially a mere 60 cents an hour. But the financially strapped librarian, who had to pay for his assistant out of his own pocket and was struggling to support himself on his library salary of $2,000 a year, was happy to have the additional income. Once Gilman demonstrated his literary prowess, his compensation would rise to the top rate of $1.50 an hour, given to another one of the editors, William Whitney, Yale's professor of Sanskrit and one of America's most distinguished philologists.
Soon Goodrich formalized a chain of command whereby Whitney and Gilman were installed as principal co-editors, responsible for rewriting all the nontechnical definitions. Specialists would handle the scientific terms. The Yale physics professor Chester Lyman was assigned mathematics, physics, and technology, and Yale's internationally renowned zoologist, James Dana, natural history and geology. (Due to a flare-up in his nervous condition, Dana was soon replaced by a young medical student named William Chester Minor. As readers familiar with Simon Winchester's best-seller, The Professor and the Madman, may recall, this is the same lexicographer who, two decades later, would pass on tens of thousands of illustrative quotations to the Oxford English Dictionary's editor—from his cell in England's Broadmoor Asylum.)
After Goodrich's sudden death in February of 1860, Noah Porter reluctantly took over as editor in chief. Conceding that lexicography was "foreign to his special studies," Porter was happy to hand off the bulk of the editing. "Professors William Whitney and Daniel C. Gilman," Porter acknowledged in the preface to the book, published in September 1864, "have labored at the definitions of the principal words, recasting, rearranging, and condensing them, introducing citations, etc."
Thanks to Porter's conscientious co-editors, for the first time, the definitions in Webster's were based on sound philological principles. Whitney and Gilman reorganized the entries from the previous edition to reveal the historical development of a word's significations. And based on a thorough review of eminent English and American authors, they both added new senses and cited thousands of quotations to demonstrate particular usages. As Porter also noted, no previous dictionary contained "so many apt illustrations from so large a variety of writers." For these citations, added Porter, the editors were indebted to a large group of devoted volunteers, "not a few of the most faithful and judicious of whom were ladies."
While it is widely believed that the OED was the first dictionary to employ an army of volunteer readers to supply illustrative quotations, that practice actually began with Webster's. The editors turned to everyone they knew—including friends and family—to comb through the canon of English and American literature. Gilman reached out to his sisters, Emily and Maria. "I have read over your citations from [Oliver] Goldsmith and those from [William] Hazlitt which Maria sent," Gilman wrote to Emily on November 10, 1860. "I think it is on the whole the most valuable series we have received from volunteer assistants except perhaps Mrs. [Noah] Porter's [Thomas] De Quincey which was extraordinarily rich."
After thanking Emily for fishing out several idiomatic expressions during the course of her voracious reading program, the perspicacious wordsmith urged her to keep going: "You must not let the work bore you. It is a great service to us, and I am afraid a great labor to Maria and yourself."
One of the citations from Oliver Goldsmith mentioned in Gilman's letter featured the verb "nail." To illustrate how the 1864 Webster's improved upon the previous edition, consider the updated entry for that word:
1. To fasten with a nail or nails; to unite, close or stud with nails.
The rivets of your arms were nailed with gold. Dryden
2. To fasten, as with a nail, to bind or hold, as to a bargain or acceptance in an argument or assertion; to fix; to catch; to trap.
When they came to talk of places in town, you saw at once how I nailed them. Goldsmith
3. To stop the vent of, as a cannon, with a nail; to spike. Obs.
Below these three definitions, the editors added an explanatory paragraph about a colloquial usage, "to expose the falsehood [of a lie]," which, as they noted, was derived from the practice of shopkeepers who nailed counterfeit money to countertops. While the first and third definitions rework the first three definitions listed in the earlier version, the second definition, the Goldsmith reference, and the supplemental paragraph are entirely new.
Upon its release at the end of the "public disturbances," as the Merriam brothers referred to the Civil War, the monumental 1864 Webster's, which contained definitions for a staggering 114,000 words, elicited raves from nearly every major American literary journal. "Viewed as a whole," Harper's declared, "we are confident that no other living language has a dictionary which so fully and faithfully sets forth its present condition as this last edition of Webster does that of our spoken and written English tongue." The Atlantic Monthly noted, "Briefly, in its general accuracy, completeness, and practical utility, the work is one none who read or write can henceforward afford to dispense with" (italics in original). Even Scientific American was impressed, calling it "a vast treasury of knowledge . . . an encyclopedia in itself."
And the makers of that other dictionary across the pond—then still in the planning stages—took careful note. On account of its innovations, Webster's was the gold standard, which the Oxford English Dictionary, whose first fascicle appeared in 1882, aimed to replace. As he made his way through the alphabet, OED editor James Murray would keep close tabs on the "Webster-ratio"—the size difference between the two books. The New English Dictionary, as Murray's project was originally called, was supposed to be exactly six times as large as the 1864 Webster's. While the OED, the final volume of which wasn't published until 1928, would eventually encompass 10 times as many words, it wouldn't alter the template Webster's had established. Along with his co-editor Whitney, Gilman had succeeded in creating the evidence-based dictionary.
Joshua Kendall, A&S '91 (MA), is author of The Forgotten Founding Father: Noah Webster's Obsession and the Creation of an American Culture (Putnam, 2011).


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BoatUS officer honored for water access efforts
BoatUS assistant vice president of government affairs Ryck Lydecker was honored with a States Organization for Boating Access Outstanding Service Award at the group's annual conference held last week in La Crosse, Wis.
The award is presented to an individual or agency that has made either a one-time or continuing contribution toward improved access on our nation's public waters for boaters and anglers.
Since 2000, Lydecker has been a member and eventually chaired the Sport Fishing and Boating Partnership Council, which strives to support and increase recreational fishing boating opportunities nationwide and promote the social, economic and conservation benefits of recreational fishing and boating.
In 2004, he became chair of the federal Boating Infrastructure Grant Program Review Panel and conducted an evaluation of the program. Originally championed by BoatUS as a way to increase boating access through the building of transient boating facilities around the country, the BIG program is funded through a "user pay, user play" concept - money comes from sales and use taxes paid by boaters and anglers.
Today, Lydecker remains a member of BIG Committee for review of Tier 2 projects such as boat ramps and other launch facilities, and he's also evaluated programs for the US Fish and Wildlife Service and Recreational Boating and Fishing Foundation.
"Ryck is a tireless champion of boating, boating programs and clean water," SOBA awards chairman David Kieffer said in a statement. "He's always willing to help individuals or organizations better understand boating related grant programs and the role they play in keeping our waters clean and accessible to all."


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CNN reporter Andrew Kaczynski's 9-month-old baby dies on Christmas Eve
Hannah Frishberg
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December 25, 2020 5:51pm
Francesca "Bean" Kaczynski tragically lost her fight with cancer and passed away on Christmas Eve this year. GoFundMe
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After bravely and happily spending her short life overcoming genetic hearing loss and fighting a cancer diagnosis, 9-month-old Francesca "Bean" Kaczynski — daughter of CNN journalist Andrew Kaczynski and Wall Street Journal reporter Rachel Louise Ensign — died of complications from cancer on Christmas Eve.
"We're heartbroken to have to announce our beautiful daughter Francesca passed away last night in the arms of her mom and dad," tweeted Kaczynski, who chronicled Bean's battle with cancer on the platform. "There will always be a Bean-sized hole in our hearts for her. We're so grateful to have known her love."
A GoFundMe that was started for "Team Beans" in September has racked up over $115,000. In lieu of flowers, food or gifts of any kind, the family has asked that donations be made in Francesca's honor to a bike-a-thon fundraiser that donates all proceeds to the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Kaczynski also tweeted that people can donate blood or platelets at a Boston Children's Hospital, where Bean was treated with "remarkable love and kindness," he wrote in a Medium post about her passing.
In her nine months on this Earth, Bean showed her self to be an "outgoing, bold and curious baby," a big fan of eating, Elmo and being held close in the evenings, Kaczynski wrote in the heartbreaking article. "A Brooklyn-based Sesame Street fan, Francesca enjoyed taking long walks around New York City and Boston, playing with her toys and balloons, attending speech therapy, and 'petting' (i.e. grabbing) her cat Ryland," he continued. "Her many smiles sent a thrill through the world. She was so generous with them, even when most of the smiles back were covered by masks."
Despite her life being cut short by cancer, Bean managed to spread much joy in her brief time here, including to her doctors and nurses who "would gasp with joy when they saw her smile." She "showed her parents a kind of love they never knew before and they will never forget" and inspired thousands through Kaczynski's heartfelt online updates, which were met with a tidal wave of support, prayers and love.
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Published December 3, 2015 1:36am EST
Detained Greenpeace activists transferred by prison train to St. Petersburg
A Russian police officer guards police vans believed to be transporting Greenpeace activists to a prison in St. Petersburg, Russia, Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2013. Jailed Greenpeace activists have been transferred from Russia's far north to the city of St. Petersburg, officials confirmed. (AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky) (The Associated Press)
A Russian policeman stands as authorities prepare to transfer detained Greenpeace International activists to a prison in St. Petersburg, Russia, Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2013. Greenpeace ship, Arctic Sunrise, was seized by Russian security forces after some activists tried to scale an offshore oil platform. The 30 activists have been charged with hooliganism by the Russian authorities. (AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky) (The Associated Press)
ST. PETERSBURG, Russia – Russian officials say 30 people arrested following a Greenpeace protest at an Arctic oil rig have been transferred to St. Petersburg.
Spokeswoman Svetlana Peskovskaya from the Ministry of Interior's Transport Administration confirmed Tuesday that the 28 activists, a Russian photographer and a British videographer arrived from the northern Russian city of Murmansk in a sealed train wagon
The Greenpeace ship "Arctic Sunrise" was seized by the Russian coast guard after activists staged a protest outside the oil rig belonging to Russia's Gazprom state energy giant on Sept. 18. In the midst of international pressure, Russia dropped piracy charges and the 30 are now charged with hooliganism.
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The Nobel Peace Prize 1960
Albert Lutuli - Explore Facts
Albert Lutuli
Albert Lutuli - Facts
Albert Lutuli - Biographical
Albert Lutuli - Nobel Lecture: Africa and Freedom
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Born:	30 November 1897, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)
Died:	21 July 1967, Stanger, South Africa
Residence at the time of the award: South Africa
Role:	President of the African National Congress, in South Africa
Prize motivation: "for his non-violent struggle against apartheid."
Albert Lutuli received his Nobel Prize one year later, in 1961.
Africa's First Peace Prize Laureate
Twenty-five years after the award of the 1936 Peace Prize to concentration-camp prisoner Carl von Ossietzky, the Nobel Committee for the second time chose a prize-winner who was being persecuted by his own authorities.
The South African chief, teacher and trade unionist Albert Lutuli was elected president of the African National Congress (ANC) liberation movement in 1952. Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolence, he became the spokesman of a campaign of civil disobedience directed against South Africa's policy of racial segregation, and spearheaded several demonstrations and strikes against the white minority government. Together with other opponents of racial segregation, Lutuli was arrested and persecuted, and following the massacre of 69 black demonstrators in Sharpeville in 1960, the ANC was banned.
The choice of Lutuli meant that the Nobel Committee had placed respect for human rights on the agenda, and that it had joined the international movement against apartheid. This was taken a step further in 1984, when Lutuli's countryman Bishop Desmond Tutu won the Nobel Prize for Peace.
Copyright © The Norwegian Nobel Institute
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