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Resources for Christian Study
Below are some tools to help you deepen your walk with the Lord and expand your knowledge of who He is, what He has done, and who He has called you to be.
You can listen to sermons, read articles, and learn about our books. Please feel free to share these resources with those you know who would also glean from it.
Credit Mark Henslee
By Mark Henslee | January 20, 2023
In my life's journey, I'm continually learning and growing. One of the areas that I've been developing in is gaining a better understanding of Father God's heart for His children. He has an enormous heart of love for all of His kids. Through our work with ministers and exposure to various church bodies, I've cried…
By Dallas Henslee | December 30, 2022
"You are the light of the world. A city set on a hill cannot be hidden. Nor do people light a lamp and put it under a basket, but on a stand, and it gives light to all in the house. In the same way, let your light shine before others, so that they may…
By Mark Henslee | October 21, 2022
We were driving down the interstate, having just crossed from Colorado into Kansas shortly before five on a Friday afternoon. Suddenly, we lost power and started blowing smoke out of the tailpipe. My initial thought was, "Oh no! I've got to get safely to the side of the road." The words that came out of…
Preparing for the Storms of Life
By Mark Henslee | September 23, 2022
Every location has its own unique weather patterns, but everywhere you can live will have storms. Some places have hurricanes while others deal with tornadoes. There are places that experience sandstorms and others that get snow storms. The winds will blow, and the storm will rage, at some point, everywhere. As there are storms in…
An Emotional Elijah Experience
By Dallas Henslee | September 2, 2022
When I was younger, we used to say, "Rain, rain, go away. Come again another day." Of course, if we could keep sending the rain away because it was inconvenient, there would be catastrophic results. Elijah's story Consider the story in 1 Kings 17-19. The rain stopped and would not return until Elijah commanded it…
Step By Step I Follow
By Mark Henslee | August 12, 2022
There's a Rich Mullins song, "Sometimes by Step", that I often get running in my head on my journey with God. Part of the chorus says, "Step by step You'll lead me, and I will follow You all of my days." This describes much of our life. We don't know too many steps ahead, sometimes…
When A Blowout is an Answer to Prayer
By Mark Henslee | May 13, 2022
Many refer to April 1st as April Fool's Day and plan practical, and sometimes not so practical, jokes and pranks. We prefer to think of it as just another day in our journey with the Lord. This April 1st, we were closing up the trailer and starting our several thousand mile trek across the country. …
My Mud Hut on Wheels
By Dallas Henslee | March 11, 2022
When I was younger, we visited Heritage Park in Calgary, Alberta. There were parts of the park that I really enjoyed and others that I didn't. I loved the old time candy store and ice cream shop. What kid wouldn't? I didn't love experiencing the sod shack/mud hut by stepping inside. I found it stuffy,…
Don't Beat the Donkey and Other Lessons from Numbers 22
By Mark Henslee | February 18, 2022
There's a story in the Bible about a man named Balaam. You can read the entire story in Numbers chapters 22 through 24. I'll give you a brief summary. Balaam was not an Israelite but was a prophet who had some connection with God. A king hired Balaam to curse Israel. God told Balaam not…
Connecting to the Power for Your Light to Shine
I have a small flashlight that sits on the corner of my desk. It's easy to grab, and located fairly centrally in the trailer. When needed, it will pierce the darkness or illuminate a dark cabinet, so I can see as needed. But there is something about this flashlight that is required to make it…
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"If you've ever been interested in the topic of Spiritual Warfare, local authors Mark and Dallas Henslee have written a book that you just HAVE to read! Well-written, specific and Biblically sound, this book will help you understand the realities of spiritual warfare, and how to fight the battle successfully through the power of Jesus Christ!"
Heather Trost, The Greatest Gift Bookstore
JennyLyne vs the Guinea Hens
A Children's Book on Forgiveness for ages 5-10
Join JennyLyne on her misadventures through a neighbor's garden, laundry line, and mango tree. Through these experiences, JennyLyne learns about Jesus' love in addition to how forgiveness impacts us all. This is the first story in a series of books for children regarding forgiveness. (Fully illustrated, 34 page, paper cover book, 9 x 9 inches)
Reflections: Living Right-Side Up in an Upside-Down World
A Devotional Resource
This is a collection of 52 stories combining real life experiences and spiritual principles. Previously included in our monthly blog distribution, these selections are no longer available on the website as stand alone entries. Purchase your copy to relive your favorite stories with Biblical application.
Available in electronic or paperback formats
Breaking the Burdensome Yoke
Breaking the Burdensom Yoke: A Discipleship Course in Forgiving and Grieving
Forgiving and grieving go beyond theoretical concepts. Know you need to forgive, but you just can't seem to figure out how? Grieving but feel like everyone thinks you should be "over it" by now? This book is for you.
Breaking the Burdensome Yoke walks the reader through the why, what, and how aspects of forgiveness and grief. These are active processes, and yet, we often get stuck along the way. Those that have already read the book are saying things like, "I didn't know I needed to forgive that; This helped me understand my grief better; and Everyone needs this book!"
Behind Enemy Lines
Behind Enemy Lines: A Discipleship Course in Spiritual Warfare
Revised and Expanded Second Edition
We had so many questions from readers that we decided to expand the teaching included in this book. Additionally, you will find a dedicated Question and Answer section in the appendix.
Behind Enemy Lines takes a look at the power of the Holy Spirit and how we walk in victory rather than defeat and how that often creates questions among those we encounter. You will be reminded of your identity in Christ and be guided toward applying biblical principles of doing like Jesus did. You will uncover practical insights for participating in what God is doing in and through His children when they submit to His will.
Why Do We Need to Forgive?
Get your complimentary PDF excerpt of the first chapter of Breaking the Burdensome Yoke: A Discipleship Course in Forgiving and Grieving.
"Before we delve into the process of forgiving, we need to know why we are doing this work. The Lord commanded us to forgive; therefore, we don't have the luxury to dig in our heels and remain in unforgiveness without impeding our relationship with God...Much like the servant in Matthew 18:24, we owed a debt that could not possibly be repaid. Jesus paid our debt through His sacrifice on the the Cross....He expects us to extend to others the same forgiveness that we have received from Him." (Breaking the Burdensome Yoke pp.22-23)
"Forgiveness is a deliberate decision. One chooses to forgive, it doesn't simply occur because you stayed within a certain acceptable range of emotion in reaction to the offense. If you do not choose to surrender the right to be hurt, then by default, you retain the right to be hurt and can use that at any point in the future against the offender. When you choose to retain the right to remain hurt, offended, or wounded, you choose to remain a victim by default. It is very difficult to be both a victim and a conqueror at the same time (Romans 8:37).
Since reconciliation [to the point of restoration of relationship] is not commanded, we can forgive without having to continue to be harmed...." (Behind Enemy Lines, Forgiveness Chapter).
In addition to offering our blogs in print, you can listen to some of our God stories (some would call these testimonies).
Sermons:
Seasons in Psalm 23
Come Let Us Adore Him
A Life Surrendered
Healing Requires Obedience
Tell Your God Stories
Training Seasons
Walking As Children of God
Planning with the Holy Spirit
A Perspective on Church Traditions
Short Stories:
Hearing God on the Trail
Healing Stories
Planning International Travel by Prayer and Faith
Burnout and Restoration
Worship through Flagging
Why Use Flags in Worship?
"Why flags?" Well, because there is Scriptural basis, complimented by abundant symbolism in color and movement, and because worship is part of our spiritual warfare arsenal. Synonyms for flags include banner, sign, signal, standard, standard-bearer, and symbol. While flags as we know them today are not mentioned specifically in Scripture, the present day…
Are Worship Flags Biblical?
Where does the use of praise banners and worship flags come from? Yes, flag worship is biblical, although there is no specific Scripture that commands us to use them in worship today. Think of the flag bearer or standard bearer in biblical times. We can even look to Scripture to see God in a…
We send out monthly newsletters to keep you informed about ministry developments and short personal updates or prayer requests. These are distributed via email to keep our administration costs to a minimum and are delivered to your inbox every 4-6 weeks. We like to keep our inboxes free of clutter, so we promise not to inundate you with material.
If you opt into both newsletters and devotional blogs, you will receive a separate email every 2-3 weeks with thoughts on daily Christian living.
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Blue Fire Legacy Vision January 27, 2023
7th Birthday December 16, 2022
Nomadic November November 15, 2022
Enjoying the Spoils of Autumn October 14, 2022
Season of change ahead "Get ready to run!" And running, we are. September 9, 2022
We're Back! August 4, 2022
From Preacher's Kid to Minister July 6, 2022
Thoughts from the Board June 2022 May 31, 2022
Sabbatical April 11, 2022
BFL in March 2022 March 9, 2022


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Mar 12, 2021 - Technology
Broadband's $7 billion Band-Aid
Margaret Harding McGill
Stimulus money dedicated to paying for internet access — including $7 billion in this week's new law — is likely to prove a short-term Band-Aid on a long-term problem.
Why it matters: The pandemic put a spotlight on the need for internet access to participate in work and school — access that millions of Americans still lack. That need will remain even after the pandemic, and the cash tied to it, recedes.
Driving the news: President Joe Biden on Thursday signed the American Rescue Plan into law, which includes more than $7 billion for schools to use to connect students who lack internet access at home.
Congress' December pandemic relief package created a $3.2 billion Emergency Broadband Benefit that will provide a $50-a-month discount off home internet bills for low-income Americans.
The funding programs will help connect some of the estimated 12 million students who lack the connectivity necessary for distance learning.
Yes, but: They are temporary measures tied to the pandemic, not long-term solutions to close the digital divide. The programs end either soon after the pandemic public health emergency does, or when their money runs out.
What they're saying: "This isn't a problem that's going to go away because of the pandemic or a vaccine," Amina Fazlullah, equity policy counsel for Common Sense Media, told Axios. "Resilient and reliable access to education is an issue that's going to follow us afterwards as we're trying to address learning loss and ensure everyone can catch up."
Between the lines: The new broadband funding programs are focused on what's needed now to help people, but they could set the basis for Congress to create permanent programs.
"I think it would've been really hard for Congress to do something permanent right now," said Evan Marwell, CEO of Education Superhighway. "What I'm hopeful is both of those programs will really show Congress that we need these affordability programs, and they will come back and do permanent legislation in the next year."
What to watch: Democrats in the House and Senate introduced legislation Thursday that would both add funding to the new programs, and provide additional billions to be used for broadband.
House Energy & Commerce Democrats on Thursday introduced a wide-ranging infrastructure bill that includes more than $94 billion in broadband spending.
Similar legislation introduced Thursday by Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.) and House Majority Whip James Clyburn (D-S.C.) includes funding for digital inclusion projects and requires broadband deployment projects to include an affordable service option.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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K-TOWN
Wanna One Evoke Their Dreams in New Single 'Beautiful'
11/13/2017 by Tamar Herman
Wanna One "Beautiful"
Wanna One, the hottest K-pop rookie boy band of 2017, is back with a brand new, "Beautiful" song.
Formed through the second season of the Korean television show Produce 101, Wanna One returned on Monday (Nov. 13) with 1-1=0 (Nothing Without You), an extended version of their debut EP 1x1=1 (To Be One), which peaked at No. 3 on the World Album chart upon its release in August. "Beautiful" is one of four new tracks on the album reissue, fronting the album with its emotive nature.
More mellow than their first single "Energetic," "Beautiful" is a sentimental tune that emphasizes the band's vocalists through its midtempo EDM-pop ballad styling. With woozy synths and a steady beat, the act's 11 singers and rappers evoke longing through the song's expressive lyrics, like the English hook of "I miss you so much."
During a press conference in Seoul on Monday, the group's Hwang Minhyun, who is currently on hiatus from Nu'Est, told reporters that 1-1=0 serves as a prequel to the original album, and reflects how the group has gone from being nearly a dozen separate individuals into one complete act. "When we are one, we finally become full,' Yonhap reports the Wanna One member saying.
As a softer follow up to the band's first EP, 1-1=0 plays up the team's evocative side throughout. Along with "Beautiful," Wanna One's latest features three other new tracks as well as all the songs featured on 1X1=1, along with remixed versions of several songs from the original. "Wanna," a funky EDM ballad, is joined by the bubbly dance track "Twilight" and "Nothing Without You," 1-1=0's harmony-laden intro.
"Beautiful" was released with an extended, 8-minute-long music video. Using the song to propel the storyline, the clip depicts Wanna One's Kang Daniel and Ong Seungwu as brothers separated in childhood searching for one another. After reconnecting, trouble follows the pair and their friends, culminating in ruin for both. A new look for the band, which previously released dance-focused music videos for "Energetic" and 1X1=1 b-side "Burn It Up," the alternate style emphasizes the group's acting, particularly highlighting Ong and member Park Jihoon, both of whom are professional actors as well as singers.
A group formed through viewer voting, Wanna One is immensely popular in Korea. Like their previous album, each of the songs off of 1-1=0 went to the top of the local music charts upon the album's release.
Watch the music video for "Beautiful" below:


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Vivo S1 Global Variant launched with Helio P65, and more, Specifications and Price
by Ravis Sharma
Vivo S1 has launched four months ago in China and now the company has introduced in the global market. Some of the differences also marked in China variant and the global variant. The different battery, processor, display size, and camera changes have done with the global variant. It is now open for pre-order in Indonesia. The device includes a MediaTek Helio P65 SoC, a triple rear camera setup, and a 4,5000 mAh battery. While the China variant has a pop-up selfie camera and the global variant packs a waterdrop-style notch camera.
Vivo S1 Specifications and Features
The Vivo S1 global variant comes with a 6.38-inches Full-HD+ Super AMOLED display with 1080×2340 pixels resolution along with a waterdrop-style notch. It's powered by an octa-core MediaTek Helio P65 SoC coupled with 4GB of RAM and 128GB of internal storage variant. The dual Nano-SIM supported handset runs on Funtouch OS 9 on the top of Android 9 Pie.
In terms of the camera department, it features a triple rear camera setup of a 16MP primary sensor (f/1.78), an 8MP secondary wide-angle lens (f/2.2), and a third 2MP sensor (f/2.4). It also features an LED flash and AI modes like AI Beautify, AI Portrait, PDAF, HDR, etc. On the front side, the device includes a 32MP selfie shooter with an f/2.0 aperture lens along with AI Beautify, AI Face Unlock, and Portrait mode.
The S1 handset includes Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 5, USB-OTG, Micro USB, and GPS, etc as connectivity options. It packs a bigger 4,500 mAh battery and an in-display fingerprint sensor as well. It measures 159.53×75.23×8.13mm and weighs around 179.5 grams.
The Chinese variant handset has been priced at IDR 35,99,000 (Rs.17,700 approx). You can pre-order the device in Cosmic Green and Skyline Blue color options. The device will go on sale from July 23, 2019. It's expected to launch the global variant very soon in India. Additionally, the S1 Pro device also launched in China.
Amazfit GTR Smartwatch launched with two new sizes, 72 days battery life, and more
PUBG Mobile 0.13.5 Beta update brings new weapons, visual improvements, and more
Ravis Sharma
An Android enthusiast who loves to read and write about Android.


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Home > News > 'View from the Chair' - Employing people with disabilities
'View from the Chair' - Employing people with disabilities
Article by Chief Commissioner Geraldine McGahey
View from the Chair article published in The News Letter, 16 March 2021 by Geraldine McGahey, Chief Commissioner, Equality Commission
Making it Work, a new publication from the Equality Commission, is a shot in the arm of positivity just at a time when we need it. It tells the stories of six people with different disabilities who have used employment support services to get back into work – and not just any work at any time, but key workers who have worked or trained during the pandemic.
We produced this in conjunction with NIUSE, the Northern Ireland Union for Supported Employment, as part of our work towards more and better jobs for disabled people, a key priority for the Commission.
At present only 37.3% of disabled people in Northern Ireland have jobs - the lowest figure across all of the UK regions. We also know from Scope research that disabled people make 60% more applications than those without a disability before finding a job. One of the main barriers to employment is preconceived ideas of what disabled workers can't do. As an employer, you're in a position to help change that!
The pool of disabled people seeking work is large and diverse and we know from the employment support organisations that the range of skills and aptitudes is wide. With Making it Work we're aiming to showcase peer achievement and encourage other people with disabilities to see what the work or training opportunities might be for them.
The other side of this equation, though, is you. An employer can provide opportunities for work by using the provisions within the Disability Discrimination Act. You can use positive action measures to help disabled jobseekers into your workplace, for example by using initiatives such as vocational training or reserving a number of jobs only for disabled people. You must also consider the reasonable adjustment duty and our Advice and Compliance team can advise on how to lawfully apply these positive action measures.
If you employ disabled workers, you are not just getting an employee with the skills and abilities to do the job but you are increasing diversity and reflecting your local community in the workplace. Research shows that hiring people with disabilities can bring improvements in profitability, such as profits and cost-effectiveness, turnover and retention, reliability and punctuality, employee loyalty and company image; competitive advantage such as diverse customers, customer loyalty and satisfaction, innovation, productivity, work ethic and safety and an inclusive work culture. Benefits for people with disabilities include improved quality of life and income, enhanced self-confidence, expanded social network, and a sense of community.[i]
Have a look at Making it Work. You'll see employers with an open attitude to employing disabled workers whose real life examples highlight some of the positive action, support and reasonable adjustments that have been put in place. We have plenty of free and confidential advice and guidance available to help employers, just phone us 028 90 500 600 or email enquiries@equalityni.org
Download the pdf publication; Making it Work (3.3mb)
See our guidance on recruiting people with disabilities: www.equalityni.org/RecruitingDisabledPeople
[i] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392591/


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Trump aides deny summit with Putin planned
A billboard showing a pictures of US president-elect Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin is seen through pedestrians in Danilovgrad, Montenegro on Nov 16, 2016.PHOTO: REUTERS
Jan 15, 2017, 1:10 pm SGT
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http://str.sg/4Wmn
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Two top aides to President-elect Donald Trump denied a published report on Saturday (Jan 14) that he is planning to hold a summit with Russian President Vladimir Putin weeks after taking office.
The Sunday Times of London reported that Trump had told British officials that such a summit was being planned, possibly to be staged in the Icelandic capital of Reykjavik. "The story is a fantasy," one Trump aide told Reuters, speaking on condition of anonymity. Another said the report was not true.
Trump, who takes office on Jan 20, has spoken of seeking warmer relations with Russia.
He told the Wall Street Journal on Friday that he would "at least for a period of time" maintain sanctions against Russia put in place by President Barack Obama for cyber hacking.
But Trump suggested to the newspaper that he might lift the sanctions if Russia proved helpful in the fight against Islamic State in Iraq and Syria militants and on other US objectives.
Two of Trump's Cabinet picks, Secretary of State nominee Rex Tillerson and Defense Secretary nominee James Mattis, have signaled a far harsher tone toward Moscow in their Senate confirmation hearings.
US intelligence agencies blame Russia for cyber hacking that interfered with the US presidential election. Trump has said he accepted the intelligence agencies' conclusion.


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Designing a Better Kubernetes Experience for Developers
March 1, 2021 Published by Matthew Clarke, Senior Engineer
TLDR; If you're deploying a service with Kubernetes, you shouldn't have to use all of your cluster management skills just to perform everyday developer tasks (like seeing which pods are experiencing errors or checking autoscaler limits). Backstage Kubernetes simplifies your deployment workflow by connecting to your existing Kubernetes implementation and aggregating the status of all your deployments into a single view — even across multiple clusters in multiple regions.
Navigating the complexity of Kubernetes
If you're building a service today, you're likely deploying it as a container, which is inside a pod, which is inside a cluster (alongside a bunch of other services that don't belong to you), with deployments on different clusters spinning up and down all around the world. It can be hard to keep track of everything.
But despite widespread adoption of Kubernetes, all the tools for navigating this complexity have been focussed on the needs of cluster admins. This can make something as simple as checking the health of your service somewhat complicated.
That's why we built a Kubernetes monitoring tool focussed on the needs of service owners and made it a core feature of Backstage, our open platform for building developer portals. We wanted to make the experience of managing services deployed on Kubernetes easier for all developers.
But first, how did we get here?
The rise of Kubernetes and DevOps
Since its release in 2014, Kubernetes has become one of the most widely adopted and important open source projects. Capabilities like autoscaling and cost optimisation through container scheduling used to be time-consuming and tricky to get right — now they've been democratised.
At the same time, the concept of DevOps has become mainstream. Developers now regularly perform tasks that were traditionally the domain of operations experts.
So, while everyday engineers can do more than ever before, their new powers have also come along with a new set of responsibilities.
New powers, shifting roles
When I first started using Kubernetes, cluster admins and service owners were one and the same: the people who built a cluster were usually the same people who owned the services that ran in the cluster. That's not how it is today. As Kubernetes has achieved widespread adoption there has been a shift in Kubernetes usage as well as a shift in how Kubernetes is managed at the organisation level.
Now organisations tend to have a separate infrastructure team (sometimes not-so-ironically called the "DevOps" team) who build and maintain clusters for the feature developers and service owners. As the teams have become more specialized, the setups have become more advanced. For instance, the infrastructure team might set up Kubernetes clusters in multiple geographic regions in order to reduce end-user latency, wherever the user is in the world.
This is a better experience for the user, and it's an optimization you might not have considered before Kubernetes existed or without a dedicated infrastructure team. But it also comes with productivity costs for the developer.
Frustration also scales
When your deployment environment reaches this kind of complexity and scale, the maintenance overhead for service owners increases. It forces them to use multiple kubectl contexts or multiple UIs just to get an overall view of their system.
It's a small overhead — but adds up over time — and multiplies as service owners build more services and deploy them to more regions. Just checking the status of a service first requires hunting for it across multiple clusters. This can reduce productivity (and patience) company-wide.
Better tools for the job
We believed we could solve the problem through developer tooling. But we soon discovered the available tools weren't suitable, because they:
Don't cater well for deploying to multiple Kubernetes clusters,
Usually require that users have clusterwide permissions, or
Display everything on a cluster and aren't focused on the service the user cares about.
As we often do when we want to solve a problem involving infrastructure complexity, we wondered, why not build a custom plugin for Backstage, our homegrown developer portal?
Backstage Kubernetes: Manage your services, not clusters
Backstage provides vital information from Kubernetes — specifically focussed on the developer's service. At a glance, the developer can see:
The current status of their systems running in Kubernetes
Including information aggregated from multiple clusters/regions
Any errors reported by Kubernetes
How close the system is to its autoscaling limits
Container restarts
A default Kubernetes UI provides a cluster-centric view, including info about software you don't own.
(Source: kubernetes.io)
The Backstage Kubernetes UI provides a service-centric view, showing you the status of your service no matter how many clusters it's been deployed to.
Figures above are for illustrative purposes.
More detail about your deployments is just a click away. You can see autoscaler limits, errors, and the status of individual pods — all at a glance — and without a trip to the CLI.
Instead of spending 20 minutes in a CLI trying to track down which clusters your service has been deployed to, you get all the information you need to know at a glance. You can learn more about these features on the Backstage blog — or watch the demo video below to get an overview.
Everything about your service in one place
As a standalone monitoring tool, we think Backstage Kubernetes can improve the experience of any developer who deploys to Kubernetes. Combined with the other features of Backstage, developers get a complete solution for building and managing their services.
At the core of Backstage is its service catalog, which aggregates information about software systems together so you have a consistent UI and one tool for developers to use. For years, Backstage has provided one place for Spotify's developers to see everything they need to know about their services (APIs, documentation, ownership, etc.). Now that includes the current status of their service, regardless of how many Kubernetes clusters they deploy to.
Now that Backstage is open source, we want to improve on what we have built internally and provide Kubernetes as a core component of Backstage for anyone to contribute to and benefit from.
Future Iteration
As we continue to grow and develop Kubernetes in Backstage with the community, we hope to offer support for Kubernetes resources beyond Deployments and Custom Resource Definitions.
Although at Spotify we currently use GKE extensively, Kubernetes in Backstage communicates directly with the Kubernetes API and is cloud agnostic, accordingly. It will work with other cloud providers, including AWS and Azure, as well as managed Kubernetes services, like Red Hat OpenShift.
To contribute or get more information on Kubernetes in Backstage, join the discussion on Discord!
Ask us anything: Matthew and the Backstage team will be hosting a Reddit AMA on March 3 at 4:00pm GMT. Send questions in r/kubernetes starting March 2.
A version of this article first appeared on The New Stack.
Tags: backend
Strategies and Tools for Performing Migrations on Platform


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Saturday Sparkler: The Connaught Fringe Tiara
The Duchess of Connaught wears her fringe tiara, 1902 [1]
There are many convertible diamond fringe tiaras in royal vaults today, but the fringe tiara of the Connaught family has a long royal history — longer than that of many other tiaras in the collections of various British royals.
Louise Margaret [2]
The first recorded owner of this diamond fringe is the Duchess of Kent, mother of Queen Victoria; she left the tiara to the queen. In 1879, Victoria gave the tiara as a wedding present to her new daughter-in-law, Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia, the new of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn. Princess Louise wore the fringe as a necklace at her wedding, opting to wear a wreath of flowers on her head instead of a tiara (see the photograph at left). She donned the piece as a tiara, however, for one of the most important royal occasions of the early twentieth century: the 1902 coronation of her brother- and sister-in-law, King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra (see the photograph above). On that occasion, she placed the fringe atop a larger jeweled base to give it additional height, likely to complement the height of her coronet (which you can see with the tiara in this picture postcard -- it also features her daughters, Margaret and Patricia).
From Louise Margaret, the tiara was passed to her younger daughter, Princess Patricia of Connaught (who renounced her titles on her marriage to a commoner, becoming Lady Patricia Ramsay). It's safe to say that Louise's elder daughter wasn't much in need of family tiaras to wear. Margaret had married the future King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden and had access to the Bernadotte jewel collection (and the glittering wedding presents she had received in 1905).
Lady Patricia wore the fringe tiara at the 1937 coronation of King George VI; you can see it in this portrait of Patricia with her niece, then Crown Princess Ingrid of Denmark, and Ingrid's husband, the future King Frederik IX. From that point, however, we lose sight of the piece. It was apparently not included in the estate auction of her jewels in 1974. Perhaps it remains with the family today? [3]
NOTES, PHOTO CREDITS, AND LINKS
1. Cropped and edited version of an image in the public domain; source here.
2. Cropped version of an image in the public domain; source here.
3. A version of this post originally appeared at A Tiara a Day in March 2013.
Labels: Saturday Sparkler , united kingdom , Windsor


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London Mayor's �4.7m cash boost to Havering's transport network
Published: 3:59 PM December 16, 2011 Updated: 12:09 PM October 13, 2020
More than �4.7m will be pumped into transport improvements in Havering next year, The Mayor of London announced.
The cash will be spent on road safety, smoothing traffic flow, rejuvenating town centres and better facilities for cycling and walking.
Major projects include:
�300,000 to Romford.
Works will be concentrated in the central part of Romford town centre and will include the removal of street clutter, resurfacing pavements and planting new trees.
It forms part of the Romford Public Realm Masterplan to improve accessibility and get more people walking and cycling in safe and secure surroundings.
�100,000 to the Briar Road Estate, in Harold Hill.
10 Police uncover Rainham chop shop with vehicles worth up to £100,000
The funding will also be used to increase signage to the Estate and tackle anti-social behaviour as part of the wider regeneration of the area.
Works will include resurfacing roads and footways, enhancing parking arrangements and signage to the estate, closing alleyways, planting new trees and improving foot and cycle paths.
�100,000 to improve access to the Learning Village, in Harold Hill.
Works will include replacing street lighting and resurfacing foot and cycle paths.
The funding has been allocated by Transport for London (TfL) through the Local Implementation Plan (LIP) .
Mayor of London, Boris Johnson said: "London is undergoing a neo-Victorian level of investment in its transport network. Every London borough is receiving money that will directly benefit communities, making London an even better place to live and work. We've also cut bureaucracy to make it easier for the boroughs to decide how they want to spend their funding."
The LIP funds hundreds of large and small scale transport projects every year.
Last year in Havering it financed cycle training for 3,000 children and 200 adults, 80 road safety education and training events, 11 improved pedestrian crossings, 12 new accessible bus stops and enabled 54 schools to participate in walking events.


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15.2 Types of Laws Flashcards
It is framed by national civil aviation acts (or legal guidelines), themselves principally aligned with the recommendations or mandatory requirements of the International Civil Aviation Organisation or ICAO. Regulations are sometimes abbreviated as CARS and requirements as CATS.
The particular system that a country is ruled by is commonly decided by its history, connections with other countries, or its adherence to worldwide standards. The sources that jurisdictions undertake as authoritatively binding are the defining features of any authorized system. Yet classification is a matter of form quite than substance, since similar guidelines typically prevail.
The property bought by a standard law spouse shall be split half and half within the occasion of separation. Rights to protecting a household residence and dividing family property are solely granted to legally married couples. A widespread legislation spouse who is the only proprietor of a shared residence may promote or mortgage property with out consent and with out splitting proceeds.
This includes gross sales, purchases, leases, title disputes, landlord-tenant issues, environmental compliance, and foreclosures. The following record isn't meant to be exhaustive. There are numerous smaller apply areas that fall somewhere within these larger areas of legislation (every thing from animal legislation to municipal finance legislation). This is simply meant to be a basic overview of the commonest regulation specializations individuals pursue in legislation school. World Intellectual Property Organization .
Legal scholars
There isn't any easy test to see if a pair qualifies as married under common legislation. Unfortunately, this query of married or not most frequently arises in court. Since the seven-years-to-computerized-marriage idea is only a fantasy, the court's willpower as to whether a common law marriage existed may be sophisticated.
At first, fairness was usually criticised as erratic, that it varied based on the size of the Chancellor's foot. Over time, courts of fairness developed solid rules, particularly under Lord Eldon. Common regulation originated from England and has been inherited by almost each country once tied to the British Empire (except Malta, Scotland, the U.S. state of Louisiana, and the Canadian province of Quebec). In medieval England, the Norman conquest the regulation varied-shire-to-shire, based on disparate tribal customs. The idea of a "frequent legislation" developed during the reign of Henry II during the late twelfth century, when Henry appointed judges that had authority to create an institutionalised and unified system of law "common" to the nation.
After British colonialism, the Hindu tradition, along with Islamic law, was supplanted by the frequent regulation when India turned part of the British Empire. Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore and Hong Kong additionally adopted the widespread regulation. The eastern Asia legal custom displays a singular mix of secular and religious influences. Japan was the primary country to start modernising its authorized system along western traces, by importing components of the French, but largely the German Civil Code.
LAW, STATUTE. The written will of the legislature, solemnly expressed according to the forms prescribed by the structure; an act of the legislature. LAW, POSITIVE. Positive legislation, as utilized in opposition to pure law, could also be considered in a threefold point of view. The universal voluntary law, or these rules which are presumed to be regulation, by the uniform practice of nations in general, and by the manifest utility of the foundations themselves. The conventional legislation, or that which is agreed between specific states by specific treaty, a regulation binding on the parties amongst whom such treaties are in pressure.
For example, if prostitution is against the law, they attempt to make it legal. The historical past of regulation is intently related to the event of human civilizations. Ancient Egyptian law developed in 3000 BC. In 1760 BC King Hammurabi, took historic Babylonian law and organized it, and had it chiseled in stone for the public to see in the marketplace. These legal guidelines grew to become known as the Code of Hammurabi.
Organizations that are part of civil society embrace political events, debating golf equipment, trade unions, human rights organizations, newspapers and charities. The police enforce the felony laws by arresting folks suspected of breaking the legislation.
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3 entries found.
witch hazel (n.)
1540s, probably from Old English wice "Applied generally or vaguely to various trees having pliant branches" [OED], from wican "to bend" (from PIE root *weik- (2) "to bend, to wind") + hæsel, used for any bush of the pine family (see hazel (n.)). The North American bush, from which a soothing lotion is made, was so called from 1670s. This is the source of the verb witch in dowsing.
witch hunt (n.)
1853 in the literal sense (witch-hunting is from 1630s), from witch (n.) + hunt (n.). The extended sense is attested from 1919, American English, later re-popularized in reaction to Cold War anti-Communism.
Senator [Lee S.] Overman. What do you mean by witch hunt?
Mr. [Raymond] Robins. I mean this, Senator. You are familiar with the old witch-hunt attitude, that when people get frightened at things and see bogies, then they get out witch proclamations, and mob action and all kinds of hysteria takes place. ["Bolshevik Propaganda," U.S. Senate subcommittee hearings, 1919]
hat trick (n.)
in the sports sense, 1879, originally in cricket, "taking three wickets on three consecutive deliveries;" extended to other sports c. 1909, especially ice hockey ("In an earlier contest we had handed Army a 6-2 defeat at West Point as Billy Sloane performed hockey's spectacular 'hat trick' by scoring three goals" ["Princeton Alumni Weekly," Feb. 10, 1941]). So called allegedly because it entitled the bowler to receive a hat from his club commemorating the feat (or entitled him to pass the hat for a cash collection), but the term probably has been influenced by the image of a conjurer pulling objects from his hat (an act attested by 1876). The term was used earlier for a different sort of magic trick:
Place a glass of liquor on the table, put a hat over it, and say, "I will engage to drink every drop of that liquor, and yet I'll not touch the hat." You then get under the table; and after giving three knocks, you make a noise with your mouth, as if you were swallowing the liquor. Then, getting from under the table, say "Now, gentlemen, be pleased to look." Some one, eager to see if you have drunk the liquor, will raise the hat; when you instantly take the glass and swallow the contents, saying, "Gentlemen I have fulfilled my promise: you are all witnesses that I did not touch the hat." ["Wit and Wisdom," London, 1860]


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Business Products and Services
A Breakdown of the Average Personal Injury Settlement Amount for Car Accidents
Posted in Legal
Car accidents are more than just a regrettable inconvenience. They can also be emotionally and physically draining too.
Not just that, they can be costly, particularly if injuries sustained in the accident result in unpaid bills, missed rent or mortgage payments, and time off from work.
All these factors combined can severely detriment a person's well-being. However, it's possible to take steps to financial recovery by making a personal injury claim.
So, in this article, we're exploring what the 'average personal injury settlement' actually is. Let's dive in!
Here are some sit up and think statistics for you. There are over 260 million registered vehicles in the US, with 218 million drivers holding a valid driver's license.
In 2015, there were 6.3 million fatal, property, and injury damage crashes in the US.
Before going ahead and choosing a firm to represent you, it's worth having a sense of what the average personal injury settlement is, and how it's calculated.
The average claim settled depends upon several factors, including how severe the driver's injury is, and any injuries incurred by their passengers, the costs of medical bills and the damage to your car.
Is There a Formula?
Short answer: no. That's according to the legal news website Nolo. No two car accidents are, indeed, the same. However, several factors factor an insurance company will consider when assessing a personal injury claim.
It's vital to get the details right, however. There's more about personal injury claims than meets the eye. There are common errors that people make, including focusing just on the physical injuries sustained, not visiting a doctor, and so on.
Calculating an Average Personal Injury Settlement
Typically, an insurance adjuster will look at the financial loss incurred and multiply it by two or three or even more.
Physical pain and psychological damage are also taken into account, but there's no way of knowing what each individual company takes into account and how much weight they give it.
However, it stands to reason that the higher the physical and psychological pain and suffering incurred, the higher the average personal injury settlement is.
Insurance companies will also look at your medical history (prior and current), your age, when you seek medical help, and what the circumstances of the accident were.
It's also worth noting that the trauma of a car accident can be life-changing, and that alone can result in a claim being worth more than an insurance company's estimate.
Further Breakdown
Typically, when adjusters look at the claim, they will take into account the following factors: punitive damages, economic damages, and non-economic damage.
Here are damages that are basically a punishment for what the other driver did, to try to prevent similar actions in the future.
For example, if the driver who caused the accident was drunk, speeding, who ignored road signs or signals, or was distracted, for instance, by using their mobile phone.
It's also worth considering that it may not be as simple as the other driver causing the accident.
For example, if the road conditions were hazardous as a result of poor maintenance, design, or construction, then it may be that federal or local government authority may be responsible.
Also, if it's determined that the accident is a result of a car defect or malfunction that is the responsibility of the car manufacturer or parts manufacturer, they too may form part of a claim.
These represent any financial costs and losses you incurred as a result of the car accident.
This isn't simply lost wages and medical bills, but also property damage, vocational rehabilitation, loss of earning capacity in the future, and any household services you need to use as a result of an accident.
When you're calculating your medical expenses, it's not just about what you have already paid out; it's also what you're going to payout.
For example, will you need future surgeries and treatments, or continued drug treatments? These all have to be added to the economic damages.
Non-Economic Damages
These are harder to calculate but have to be taken into account. We're talking about car accident damage that isn't necessarily visible.
For example, psychological trauma incurred during and after an accident, loss of life enjoyment, inability to have a physical relationship with a partner, and damage to your reputation.
Other Variables
All of the above factors are essential. However, insurance companies also take what we call "other variables" into account when assessing an average personal injury settlement amount.
Was your treatment excessive? By this, we mean that it is rare for an insurance company to attach the full value of medical expenses for physical therapy or chiropractic treatment if they believe that the length of treatment you need might be excessive.
An insurance company will pay attention to when you seek medical help. Was it straight after the accident, or did you begin to complain about symptoms some months after the crash?
Lastly, they'll look at whether or not any injuries you are listing were new and caused by accident, or did the car accident aggravate an existing medical condition.
Find the Right Attorney
A reputable attorney will advise you about the average personal injury settlement you may receive and can negotiate on your behalf, taking the added strain out of claiming such a traumatic event.
It's worth doing some research into who you appoint and look not only at their fees but at their track record, experience, and attention to detail.
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Posts tagged 'Valentine's Day'
Valentine's Day Movie – In the Mood for Love (Wong Kar-Wai, 2000)
I don't really do Valentine's Day. The only nod to cupid was going to see Casablanca (1942) at the movies. And how could I not, as my other half – a huge film buff – hadn't seen it. Since then, we've got a Valentine's tradition of watching romantic movies – but at home – no listening to noisy couples in the cinema or meal surcharges for us canny lovers.
And this year's picture is one of my favourite films – In the Mood for Love (Wong Kar-Wai, 2000). Although the pre-titles warn that this is not going to be a romance with a Hollywood ending…
'It is a restless moment. She has kept her head lowered to give him a chance to come closer. But he could not, for lack of courage. She turns and walks away.'
Set in 1960s Hong Kong, the film depicts the relationship between, secretary Mrs Chan, (Maggie Cheung) and Mr Chow (Tony Leung) who discover that their spouses are having an affair. The elements of repressed desire and social pressures are reminiscent of that classic of unrequited love, Brief Encounter (Lean, 1945). With an unusual twist, In the Mood for Love's couple imagine how their partners began their deceit and rehearse how to confront them, determined not to become like them. However, as Mr Chow says, 'feelings can creep up just like that. I thought I was in control.'
When I first watched the film, I was blown away by its sheer elegance and poignancy. Indeed it would win a place in my top 10 films of all time. Director Wong Kar-Wai (whose oeuvre includes Days of Being Wild (1990) and 2046 (2004) which make up a trilogy of sorts with In the Mood for Love) and his frequent collaborator, cinematographer Christopher Doyle produce a stylish dance of repressed desire, loss and regret.
In an interview Wong Kar-Wai likened In the Mood for Love to "a dance, a waltz between these two characters". Coincidence brings them together but later social mores and repressed desires means they dance past each other. Their lovers' song, Yumeji's Theme, composed by Shigeru Umebayashi, stays with you long after the movie has ended. On re-watching, I found that while I looked forward to the moments when their theme comes in and the 'dance' begins again, it was tinged with a sense of melancholy that they would come achingly close to each other but not quite meet.
A key scene which illustrates the stylistic elements (music, lighting, time shifts, repetition, film noir shading) that recur in the film is when Mr Chow and Mrs Chan pass on the stairs to their apartment.
Mr Chow is shot to left of the screen in film noir shadows, then their theme starts up as Mrs Chan walks down narrow darkly lit steps to get noodles in slow motion. As she returns up the staircase in the dark, the camera slowly lingers on a street light. Mr Chow goes past leaving the viewer unsure if they've seen each other off-screen. A simple visit to the noodle stand becomes a beautiful dance of anticipation and these choreographed scenes recur throughout the film.
In the Mood for Love visualises and plays with memory. Its original Chinese title, also a song from a 1946 film, meaning 'the age of blossoms' or 'the flowery years' is a metaphor for the short-lived time of youth and beauty. Indeed the film shows the transience of love and how we may attempt to hold on to these lost moments. Many of the shots are blurred around the edges, as though we're watching the past unfold through the haze of memory. The slow motion cinematography works to freeze the couple in time as in still photography. This emphasises their loss; as we can only remember those happy moments of the past, not relive them. The colour of the film too is steeped in memory, muted with a warmth like an old 1960s photograph.
Their loneliness is represented through the claustrophobic setting – though close to each other, they are far apart as they cannot express their feelings because of social propriety and their own repressed desires. The Age of Blossoms plays on the radio – a dedication from Mrs Chan's husband – after the cuckolded couple have ended their relationship, signifying the end of her blooming youth. As the Age of Blossoms plays, the camera cuts from Mrs Chan's room to Chow's and back again. Her gossipy landlady tells her it's good to enjoy herself when she's young but not too much – a warning to end her relationship with Mr Chow.
The film slows time down by focusing on simple details, such as the smoke from Chow's cigarette or raindrops, which heightens the emotional tone. Just as the couple are restrained in their affair (their love scene was filmed but edited out), the camera shows restraint by holding back. Their loneliness, distance from each other and from society is shown through the camera work. The camera peeks at the couple from under the bed, from the wardrobe and through bars, shadows and doorways. The camera hangs back in the scenes in the apartment as though we're on the edges of the action.
The viewer often sees characters talking to someone off-screen – showing the separateness between individuals. Mirrors too are used to emphasis the difficulty in making connections (for instance, when the couple get caught in Mr Chow's room together we see them through mirrors).
I would love to watch this lovers' dance unfold in all its lingering detail on the big screen! I hope I've convinced you to watch but if you need more encouragement here's the trailer.
I haven't even mentioned a feature of the film that is breath-taking – the costume design and Maggie Cheung's manifold cheongsams. Look out for a blog coming soon … (The film's fashion is so pitch perfect that even my boyfriend mentioned it!)
I'm keen to hear your thoughts on In the Mood for Love or any other Valentine's Day (or anti-Valentine's) movies you love.


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State of The Nation Address of The President of The Republic of Indonesia at The Annual Session of The People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) of The Republic of Indonesia and The Joint Session of The House of The Representatives of The Republic of Indonesia (DPR) and The Regional Representatives Council (DPD) of The Republic of Indonesia on The Occasion of The 75th Anniversary of The Proclamation of Independence of The Republic Of Indonesia
Dipublikasikan pada 14 Agustus 2020
Kategori: Sambutan
Dibaca: 333 Kali
Assalamu'alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh,
May Peace Be Upon Us All,
Om Swastiastu,
Namo Buddhaya,
Greetings of Virtue.
Distinguished Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia, Bapak KH. Ma'ruf Amin and Ibu Wury Estu Ma'ruf Amin;
Honorable Speaker, Vice Speakers, and Members of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia;
Honorable Speaker, Vice Speakers, and Members of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia;
Honorable Speaker, Vice Speakers, and Members of the Regional Representatives Council of the Republic of Indonesia;
Honorable Chairperson, Vice Chairpersons, and Members of State Institutions;
Distinguished Ibu Hajah Megawati Soekarnoputri, the Fifth President of the Republic of Indonesia;
Distinguished Bapak Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, the Sixth President of the Republic of Indonesia;
Distinguished Bapak Try Sutrisno and Bapak Hamzah Haz;
Distinguished Bapak Muhammad Jusuf Kalla and Ibu Mufidah Jusuf Kalla;
Distinguished Bapak Boediono and Ibu Herawati Boediono;
Distinguished Ibu Hajah Shinta Nuriyah Abdurrahman Wahid;
Excellencies Ambassadors of Friendly Countries and Heads of International Agencies and Organizations;
Distinguished Chairpersons of political parties attending;
Distinguished Ladies and Gentlemen and My Fellow Countrymen,
All these chairs in this assembly room should have been fully occupied with no chair left unused. The past two weeks should have been filled with various competitions and crowds full of joy, and carnivals to celebrate and enliven the 75th Independence Day of the Republic of Indonesia.
Nonetheless, every single thing that we have planned has to be completely changed. All these must not diminish our gratitude in commemorating the 75th Independence Day of Indonesia.
My Fellow Countrymen,
As many as 215 countries, with no exception, are currently facing these hard times amid the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the WHO, as of 13 August, there have been more than 20.4 million cases worldwide with the total number of deaths reaching 744,000 lives. All countries, be it underdeveloped countries, developing countries, or developed countries have been experiencing setbacks due to COVID-19.
The ongoing economic crisis is also the worst in history. In the first quarter of 2020, our economy grew by 2.97% but in the second quarter, the growth contracted by 5.32%. Economies of developed countries even reported a negative growth, even reaching more than minus ten to minus 17-20%. The setbacks experienced by several developed countries can serve as a momentum to catch up. The current economic situation is analogous to a computer crash in which countries are currently facing stagnation. All countries must undergo a brief process of shutdown, restart, and reboot. And all countries have the opportunity to reset all the systems.
I warmly welcome the moral appeals full of wisdom from the Ulemas, religious leaders, and culture bearers to make the momentum of the pandemic as a new awakening, once again, a new awakening, to make a big leap.
This is the time for us to fundamentally renew ourselves, to make a major transformation, to implement grand strategies in the fields of economy, law, governance, social, culture, health and education. We must turn this crisis into an opportunity to make big leaps. At the age of 75, we have emerged as an upper middle income country. And 25 years from now, at the centenary of the Republic of Indonesia, we must achieve great progress and make Indonesia a developed country.
We must undertake fundamental reforms in the way we work. Our readiness and speed are being tested. We had to evacuate Indonesian citizens from the COVID-19 pandemic zone in China. We had to provide hospitals, isolation rooms, medicines, and medical equipment, and uphold discipline in following health protocols. Everything must be done quickly in a very short time.
When the health crisis brings an impact on our economy, we also have to take swift actions, providing social assistance for the people in the forms of staple food assistance, cash assistance, electricity fee discount and subsidy, village cash assistance and salary subsidy. We helped our MSMEs obtain loan restructuring, receive productive presidential social assistance in the form of emergency capital assistance. We also helped them by purchasing their products. We provided assistance for laid-off workers, among others, through social assistance and pre-employment card programs. It was no easy task.
To that end, the Government must quickly change programs. We must adjust working programs with the current situation and we must carry out budget reallocation in a short time. We have issued Government Regulation in Lieu of Law (Perppu) Number 1 of 2020 that has been approved by the House of Representatives (DPR) to become Law Number 2 of 2020, I express my gratitude to the members of the House for the fast work. We have also been in synergy with central bank Bank Indonesia, the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the Deposit Insurance Agency (LPS) to rebuild the economy.
The crisis has forced us to change our way of work, from standard ways to outstanding ways, from ordinary ways to extraordinary ways, from a long and complicated procedure to a smart shortcut, from being procedure-oriented to being result-oriented.
We have to change our mindset and work ethic. Flexibility, speed and accuracy are imperative. Efficiency, collaboration, and the adoption of technology must be prioritized. We must improve our national self-discipline and national productivity. We must take lessons from this crisis. We must not let the crisis bring about setbacks. In fact, we must capitalize on the crisis as a momentum to make a big leap.
We have taken extraordinary measures in the struggle to curb the spread of COVID-19, in treating patients, and in preventing deaths. On behalf of the people, the nation, and the state, I would like to express my gratitude and highest appreciation to doctors and nurses, and health workers at hospitals, laboratories, health clinics, and isolation rooms, as well as to community leaders, volunteers, journalists, personnel of the Indonesian National Defense Forces (TNI) and the Indonesian National Police (Polri) and civil servants at the Central Government and regional governments.
Amid the pandemic, fundamental reforms in the health sector must be accelerated. Disease prevention and a healthy lifestyle must be our top priority. We must also continue strengthening the capacity of our human resources, developing hospitals and health centers, as well as medicine and medical equipment industry. Resilience and capacity of our health service must be improved on a massive scale.
Regarding food security, we must ensure smooth food supply chain from the upstream of production to the downstream of distribution to all regions across the country. Food production efficiency, increasing added value for farmers, strengthening of cooperatives and farmer corporation will continue to be improved.
We are building food estates to strengthen national food reserves, not only in the upstream sector but also in the downstream sector of food product industry. We will no longer adopt manual ways, but will adopt modern technology and the use of digital sophistication, not only for domestic market, but also international market.
We have started to develop food estates in Central Kalimantan and North Sumatra Provinces. And we will continue to develop it in some other regions. It is a synergy between the Government, private sector, and the community as land owners and as workers.
We have been making considerable efforts to establish energy autonomy. In 2019, we managed to produce and use B20 fuel and this year we will start with B30. We have been able to reduce the value of oil imports in 2019.
State-owned oil company PT Pertamina is currently cooperating with researchers who have created the catalyst for green diesel D100, a hundred percent diesel fuel produced from palm oil. Production trial has been accomplished at our two refineries. This will absorb a minimum of a million tons of farmer-produced palm for 20,000 barrels of production capacity per day. The massive downstreaming of raw materials is continuously undertaken. Coal is processed into methanol and gas. Several refineries are being constructed to process crude oil into refined oil, and at the same time they become petrochemical industries that supply high values of products from downstream industry.
Nickel ore is processed into ferro nickel, stainless steel slab, and steel sheet and is developed as the main material for lithium batteries. This will narrow down our current account deficits, increase our employment opportunities, and start tackling fossil energy domination. This will place Indonesia in an even more strategic position in the development of lithium battery, world's electric vehicle, and future technology producer.
We must adopt the same principal in building other industrial estates, including super economic corridor development in the northern coast of Java. Batang Industrial Estate as well as the one in Subang-Majalengka is still being developed in this brief time, designed to attract quality investment that is in synergy with our MSMEs, providing additional significant values for the national economy, and creating employment in a big number.
Similar industrial estates will also be built in various regions all over Indonesia, that is always in synergy with community entrepreneurship and MSMEs, to provide employment opportunities for unemployed young generation and boost equitability of development in all corners of the country.
Consequently, a favorable national ecosystem for the expansion of quality employment opportunity must be established. Regulatory reforms must be carried out. Regulations that are overlapping, complicated and misleading those that are at risk must be put to an end. We dedicate all of these to fair national economy to the interests of workers and job seekers in order to alleviate poverty by providing quality employment opportunity as wide as possible. We want all of them to be employed. We want all of them to prosper.
Productive and innovative national ecosystem cannot grow without favorable legal, political, cultural, and educational ecosystems. High flexibility and simple bureaucracy cannot be exchanged with legal certainty, anti-corruption, and democracy. All policies must be prioritized to become environmentally friendly and promote protection of human rights. Speed and accuracy cannot be exchanged with carelessness and arbitrariness.
The Government always makes efforts of corruption eradication in a serious manner. Prevention efforts must be intensified, through simple, transparent, and efficient governance. And law must be enforced without discrimination.
Upholding democratic values cannot be compromised. Democracy must continue to be practiced without disrupting speed of works and legal certainty, as well as the noble values of our nation. The 2020 regional elections must be conducted with discipline by following health protocols.
The noble values of Pancasila, the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, national unity, cannot be exchanged with anything. We will not provide any room for anyone to pose a threat to them.
National education system must prioritize religious values, as well as develop strong and noble human characters, and to excel in innovation and technology.
I want all technology platforms to boost the transformation to national advancement. The significant role our digital media plays must be directed to build humanity values and national characters.
The media should not be controlled to amass clicks and likes, but must instead be pushed to contribute to humanity and national interests.
Ideology and noble values of the nation may not be exchanged with economic advancement. In fact, economic advancement clearly requires vigorous national spirit. We must be proud of Indonesian products; we must buy domestic products. Indonesia's advancement must be firmly rooted in Pancasila ideology and the nation's culture.
Those great purposes may only be achieved through cooperation among elements of the nation, through mutual cooperation, lending helping hands and reminding each other in goodness and virtue.
Indeed, democracy guarantees freedom, but it is only for freedom that respects other people's rights. No one should be self-righteous, and blame others. No one should think of themselves as the most religious. No one should think of themselves as the most Pancasila-minded. All those feeling self-righteous and obtruding are not morally correct.
We are fortunate that the majority of Indonesian people, from Sabang to Merauke, from Miangas to the Island of Rote uphold solidarity and unity, are tolerant and care for each other, so we can get through these trying times.
We are fortunate and thankful for the support and fast work of the Chairpersons and Members of state institutions, who have taken extraordinary measures in supporting crisis handling and turning it into an opportunity to implement the nation's great strategies.
The People's Consultative Assembly quickly formulates a new program called "MPR Peduli COVID-19 (The People's Consultative Assembly COVID-19 Care)", and also continues to hold dissemination and implementation of Pancasila, and the study of our governance system and constitution.
With a very quick response, the House of Representatives deliberates, approves, and passes Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2020 to become Law to provide legal protection in handling health and economic crisis, and Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2020 to become Law as a legal base to postpone regional elections.
The other running legislative agenda are as follows: Deliberation of Bill on Minerals and Coal Mining, Bill on State Finance Policy and Financial System Stability for Handling COVID-19 Pandemic.
The quick response has also been carried out by the Regional Representatives Council for emergency issues faced by the regions, starting from people economic empowerment through Village-Owned Enterprises, regional competitiveness improvement and health protocol application support, by drafting nine bills initiated by the Regional Representatives Council, and other several agenda in accordance with the respective Regional Representatives Council's duties.
Amid various technical difficulties during pandemic, the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK) is still able to audit and submit 1,180 audit reports (LHP) of 2019 quickly and thoroughly, provide 36,000 recommendations to the Government, and instruct deposit to the state treasury for Rp1.39 trillion. Those hard internal duties did not affect the BPK's agenda to maintain its role as an external auditor for the International Organizations and as a member of the Independent Audit Advisory Committee under the United Nations.
Likewise, the Supreme Court still guarantees the quick trials service during the pandemic, providing virtual trials service through e-court and e-litigasi applications that have accelerated trials other than public and face-to-face trials. In a bid to expand access for justice seekers, the Supreme Court continues to improve post service of legal assistance and modernizes case management through electronic court service. It brings success for the Supreme Court in reducing the number of unsolved cases significantly.
The success of the Supreme Court is thanks to the support of the Judicial Commission, which is in accordance with the commission's authority. The nominations of Supreme Court justice candidates, anti-corruption ad hoc justice candidates, and industrial relations ad hoc justice candidates continue to proceed smoothly. By the same token, the implementation of programs for improving the capacity of justices, court monitoring, investigation and advocacy for justices also continue to advance. From the period of 2019 to June 2020, the Judicial Commission handled 1,584 public reports, of which 225 sanctions were recommended to impose.
The speed and accuracy of the Constitutional Court truly deserve our appreciation. The Constitutional Court continues to improve its governance and the use of electronic services to serve the people in seeking justice. The Constitutional Court has been successful in shortening the time of case settlement for judicial review, from the settlement time of 101 working days per case in 2017, to an average of 59 working days per case. Throughout 2019 to early 2020, the Constitutional Court completed 122 cases of judicial review. In the meantime, the expansions of cooperation at home and abroad continue to be enhanced. The Constitutional Court actively initiates and coordinates various activities at the regional and global levels, so that our legal system can be used as a reference for democracies around the globe.
There are still many big steps that we must take. There are still 25 years left for us to usher in the centenary of the independence day of Indonesia, to build Indonesia that we aspire to be.
Our current goal is not only to escape the pandemic and to get through the crisis. We are taking measures to make a big leap by making the most of the momentum of the ongoing crisis.
The crisis has given us a momentum to catch up, to make a major transformation by implementing grand strategies. Let us resolve fundamental problems that we are facing. We must make a big leap for a significant progress. We must make the most of this crisis. We must simultaneously and concurrently capitalize on this momentum. We must make Indonesia to be on par with other countries. We must make our country become an Advanced Indonesia that we aspire to be.
Long live the Republic of Indonesia!
Long live the Land of Pancasila!
Independence!
I thank you,
Wassalamu'alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh,
Om Shanti Shanti Shanti Om,
Namo Buddhaya.
Jakarta, 14 August 2020
President of the Republic of Indonesia
#Jokowi#Sambutan#Transkripsi
Berita terkait: > Keterangan Pers Presiden RI setelah Peninjauan Lokasi Terdampak Banjir di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, 18 Januari 2021, di Jembatan Mataraman, Kabupaten Banjar, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan > Penandatanganan Kerja Sama dalam rangka Kemitraan Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) dan Perusahaan Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (PMDN) dengan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM), 18 Januari 2021, dari Istana Kepresidenan Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat > Pertemuan Tahunan Industri Jasa Keuangan Tahun 2021, 15 Januari 2021, dari Istana Kepresidenan Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat > Pernyataan Pers Presiden RI terkait Bencana Banjir di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, 15 Januari 2021, di Istana Kepresidenan Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat > Peresmian Pembukaan Rapat Koordinasi Nasional (Rakornas) III Korps Alumni Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam (KAHMI) Tahun 2021, 15 Januari 2021, dari Istana Kepresidenan Bogor, Jawa Barat
Sambutan Terbaru
Penandatanganan Kerja Sama dalam rangka Kemitraan Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) dan Perusahaan Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (PMDN) dengan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM), 18 Januari 2021, dari Istana Kepresidenan Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat
Pertemuan Tahunan Industri Jasa Keuangan Tahun 2021, 15 Januari 2021, dari Istana Kepresidenan Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat
Peresmian Pembukaan Rapat Koordinasi Nasional (Rakornas) III Korps Alumni Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam (KAHMI) Tahun 2021, 15 Januari 2021, dari Istana Kepresidenan Bogor, Jawa Barat
Penandatanganan Kontrak Paket Tender/Seleksi Dini Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Tahun Anggaran 2021, 15 Januari 2021, dari Istana Kepresidenan Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat


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Wagner and Thomas earn Landmark Conference weekly honors
(Posted October 16, 2007)
WAGNER AND THOMAS EARN LANDMARK CONFERENCE WEEKLY HONORS HUNTINGDON, Pa. - Juniata College junior women's volleyball outside hitter Amber Thomas (Ephrata, Pa./Conestoga Valley) and senior field hockey forward Kim Wagner (Middletown, Pa./Middletown) have been named Landmark Conference Players of the Week, for the week ending October 14. Thomas earned the Landmark Conference Women's Volleyball Player of the Week honor for her performance while leading the Eagles to three wins over nationally-ranked opponents last weekend at the University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh Invitational. She was named Tournament MVP after recording 11 or more kills and 10 or more digs in all four matches at the event, including 17-kill performances against #9 Carthage College and #5 UW-Oshkosh. She totaled 61 kills and 57 digs at the two-day tournament, and also tallied six blocks and four aces. The Eagles are currently 24-3 overall and ranked number one in the nation (new poll due out later Tuesday). Juniata also posted a 6-0 mark in conference play, and will be the top seed for the upcoming Landmark Conference Women's Volleyball Championship, which starts October 31. Wagner was named Landmark Conference Field Hockey Offensive Player of the Week after scoring three goals and assisting on two others while leading Juniata to three wins. She scored the first goal of the game and then assisted on Juniata's second goal in a 3-2 Landmark win over the University of Scranton on Saturday in Huntingdon. Earlier in the week, Wagner scored once and had an assist in a 2-0 win over Frostburg State, and found the back of the cage once in Juniata's 3-0 win over Oneonta State. The Eagle field hockey squad, currently ranked 13th in the nation, holds a 13-2 overall record, 4-1 in the Landmark Conference. -30-


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Found 2 collections related to Pennsylvania -- Politics and government -- 1775-1865
Dickinson, John, 1732-1808
John Dickinson papers, 1774-1802
John Dickinson (1732-1808) was an American lawyer and politician. Dickinson authored a series of essays published as Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, the Articles of Confederation, and drafted the Olive Branch... more
John Dickinson (1732-1808) was an American lawyer and politician. Dickinson authored a series of essays published as Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, the Articles of Confederation, and drafted the Olive Branch Petition with Thomas Jefferson. He served as a delegate from Pennsylvania to the First and Second Continental Congresses, and as president of both Pennsylvania and Delaware. The papers consists of letters, 1774-1788 and 1802, from Dickinson; the transcript of an undated address given after his election as president of Pennsylvania; and several autographs. The letters generally relate to political and administrative issues, and include one dated 1774 to Charles Morrison urging him to write his associates in Boston to "avoid Blood or tumults." Other recipients include the Executive Council and Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, the Governor of Connecticut (Jonathan Trumbull), diplomat Arthur Lee, Mathew Carey, and John Vining. One letter to Noah Webster, dated 1786, discusses Webster's writing. less
Sergeant, John, 1779-1852
John Sergeant letters, 1808-1848
John Sergeant (1779-1852) was an American lawyer and politician who served the stateof Pennsylvania as attorney general for Philadelphia; as a member of the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives; as president of the Pennsylvania Board of... more
John Sergeant (1779-1852) was an American lawyer and politician who served the stateof Pennsylvania as attorney general for Philadelphia; as a member of the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives; as president of the Pennsylvania Board of Canal Commissioners; and later as legal counsel to the Bank of the United States. The letters concern various legal matters, predominantly stemming from his private law practice, but with some written in his various political capacities, with several referencing federal banking matters. less


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HomeArtilleryForgotten History: World's Biggest Black Powder Cannon – a 100-Ton Gun
Forgotten History: World's Biggest Black Powder Cannon – a 100-Ton Gun
July 10, 2018 Ian McCollum Artillery, Video 31
The largest muzzleloading black powder cannons ever built were the Armstrong 100-ton guns which saw service with the Italian Navy and with British coastal fortifications on Malta and Gibraltar. They were purchased by the Italians first, to outfit a pair of new super battleships, each vessel having two turrets with two of these guns in each. To avoid being outclassed, the British ordered two guns for installation to protect the Grand Harbor of Malta and two more to protect Gibraltar. Today one survives at each location, and we are visiting the Rinella Battery in Malta, which was built to house one of the Maltese guns.
These guns had a maximum range of 8 miles, and was capable of piercing 15 inches of iron armor at 3 miles. It had a 17.7 inch (45cm) bore fired a 2000 pound (900 kg) shell with a 450 pound (200kg) charge of black powder. The gun itself weighed approximately 102 tons, and with its cradle and a shell the whole assembly came in at 150 tons.
Aside from the massive scale of the piece, the most interesting part of its design is actually the loading machinery. Because of the titanic size of the gun and ammunition, Armstrong designed a fascinating hydraulic reloading facility which makes up the body of the fortress in which the gun is set. A pair of steam engines drove a pair of hydraulic accumulators, which provided hydraulic pressure to move the gun on its carriage, to douse the barrel after firing, to hoist ammunition into position for loading and power a 60-foot (18m) ramrod to mechanically ram the charge and shell into place. Two mirror-image reloading galleries under the fortification operated in turn, giving the gun a sustained rate of fire of 1 round every 6 minutes – at least until its 120-round barrel life was exhausted.
I am grateful for the Malta Tourism Authority's assistance in helping to make this visit and video possible, and would also like to give special thanks to Simon, our awesome reenactor guide!
St Petersburg Cavalry School Mosin Carbine
Dutch Farmers Against the Empire: ZAR Mausers of the Boer War
Sneak Peek at Thorneycroft to SA80 with the Author, Jonathan Ferguson
February 28, 2021 Ian McCollum Book review, bullpup, Video 10
Jonathan Ferguson, author of our newest Headstamp Publishing book "Thorneycroft to SA80: British Bullpup Firearms 1901-2020", has just gotten his advance author's copy of the book! Let's join him to take a look through its […]
Major Fosbery's Automatic Revolver: History and Mechanics
August 9, 2017 Ian McCollum Revolver, Semiauto pistol, Video 17
George Fosbery, V.C., was a decorated British officer with substantial combat experience in India when he decided to design a better sidearm in 1895. True semiautomatic handguns were in their very early stages of development […]
L96A1: The Green Meanie – the First Modern Sniper Rifle
February 16, 2019 Ian McCollum Bolt Action Rifles, Sniper Rifles, Video 24
The Accuracy International Precision Marksman rifle was the winner of the British MoD's competition to replace the L42A1 as the standard British sniper rifle, and was accordingly adopted as the L96A1. It was the vanguard […]
Daweo says:
"(…)Armstrong(…)Italian(…)British(…)"
Selling same weapon pattern for opposing side? This reminded me about:
His Systeme Zaharoff included the use of large bribes to government and military officials and his technique of playing one country off against its neighbour first came to the fore in 1885 when he sold one almost unusable submarine to Greece and then two of the same type to their longstanding rival Turkey in 1886.
from: https://firstworldwarhiddenhistory.wordpress.com/2015/07/22/munitions-8-the-munitions-8-the-strange-and-unendearing-story-of-basil-zaharoff/
However, at least Armstrong gun worked as intended.
Jim west Tex says:
Very VERY cool, Ian! And the old Naval photos I had never seen before with the Italian warships mounting "Monitor" gun turrets!
Hank says:
Very interesting, mega-steampunk, something right out of Jules Verne. But I don't see how the gun was lowered to bring the muzzle in line with those loading ports. Clearly the bore axis of the gun is way higher than those ports. And although the mount ramps downward the gun appears to already be fully forward.
There is animation of loading that gun at wikipedia query:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100-ton_gun#Gallery
hope it will explain how it worked
The video doesn't work for me. 🙁
"video doesn't work for me."
Hmm, although it has .ogv in name, if I am not mistaken, in reality it is .webm file and as such it is somewhat surprising it is not working in your browser. I can't say much more as I do not know which browser you use, but please read page: https://www.webmproject.org/users/ and consider using any browser listed.
Try this one;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eyItmfUO3WA
Steve251 says:
Thanks for that one Ian! Armstrong was a true genius. Selling arms as well as everything else made him a very rich man. His huge country estate is called Cragside in Northumberland and is open to the public. It was known as "the palace of a modern magician" and the sheer variety of his achievements is breathtaking. I was lucky enough to live on the estate for some years and it's a magical place. Bit chilly in the winter though!
According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarke%27s_three_laws
Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.
Cherndog says:
I now appreciate the facility with which breech-loading guns are supported. The mammoth scale, monetary cost, and upkeep of loading tools for this artillery far outweighs any potential benefits apart from scaring would-be pirates into submission… then again, modern pirates aren't the smartest guys on the seas. Sliding block artillery or screw-breech artillery seems to be the better deal. As for strange coastal defenses, try the steam-pulley-cable-driven torpedo. It's considered the first effective actively guided munition ever built.
"Sliding block artillery or screw-breech artillery"
It was known that rifled ordnance provided more accuracy, a greater range and more penetrative power, which was the rationale behind the development and on-board shipping of the breech-loading cannon developed by the company owned by Sir William Armstrong. These weapons, however, were dangerously prone to failure, frequently explosively, and an alternative armament became urgently necessary(…)
from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzzle-loading_rifle#British_Royal_Navy
Thus, reservations about breech-loaded weapons amongst Royal Navy ranks back then is understandable.
Audy Hack says:
Been there on Holiday, and they have a nice collection of other artillery pieces too. Also, a whole bunch of still servicable Martini-Henry rifles, and a nice show including Lancers. Well worth a visit, but then again.. the whole of Malta is.
Kelly Harbeson says:
Let's see. 120 round barrel life. 4 test shots per year. 20 years the barrel would be getting close to its last gasp. Heckuva weapon, however. But a good reminder how quickly the big dog becomes the old dog on the porch.
"old dog on the porch."
Generally, coastal defense guns were often kept in service for long time, also Germans during WWII used great gamut of ancient and/or exotic guns to bolster effectiveness of Atlantikwall, see for example this table:
http://bunkersite.com/panzer/guns/guns-total.php
notice some yet of pre-WW1 vintage (for example 30,5 cm from Radetzky class)
ACN says:
A very good sectional drawing of the Elswick loading system for the 100 ton RML can be found on page 312, Vol XI of the ninth edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica. I know this because I have that very page framed and hanging on my wall! Found in a second-shop a while back. Not sure of its originality but it sure looks good. Well, to me it does.
There are other contemporary pictures of this colossal lump. One, showing a wheeled field piece with the wheels just straddling the barrel!
There is diagram in Wikipedia query:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RML_17.72_inch_gun_diagram.jpg
for ORDNANCE WROT IRON RIFLED MUZZLE-LOADING 17·72 INCH 100 TONS
I am not sure what WROT mean, but if I understand texts correctly, this weapon had progressive rifling (angle is not constant).
I think they meaned wrought-iron.. which would mean that mainly the outer bands are not cast, but hammered, re-heated, and forced over the breechpart were they cool down and shrink. This will reenforce the inner cast partsagainst the force of the explosion. by adding counterpressure in the direction of the core.
charles gloeckner says:
Very interesting – a good historical reference would be the largest gun built in the U.S. during the American Civil War: the 20 inch Rodman Columbiad. This ~ 100 ton cast iron smoothbore muzzleloader fired round (spherical) ammunition only, either shells or shot, using a 100 lb charge of mammoth grain black powder, throwing a 1000 lb shot I believe about 5 miles. If I remember correctly, the idea was that had the war continued, U.S. monitor type ships would be armed with these guns, which would have simply devastated any ironclad afloat in those days.
They were test fired late in the war, but, like these Armstrong guns, never fired in anger.
Another comparable weapon: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Cannon#Perm_Tsar_Cannon
S. Hodgson says:
Thank you Ian. Your Forgotten History videos are a fantastic addition. I will say that I had hopes of seeing a clip of that gun firing, the video thumbnail was a bit of a tease. Keep up the good work
Jack A says:
There are several videos of that gun being fired. Just search up Armstrong 100 ton gun firing.
Keith in England says:
Regarding the Italian sales.
Iirc, Armstrong or the later Vickers Armstrong, had a works on the northern shore of the bay of Naples.
Lorenzo C says:
Armstrong was allowed setting up an industrial complex in Pozzuoli in 1885 as Stabilimenti Meccanici di Pozzuoli, while Vickers formed up a 60/40 joint venture with Terni Steel Mills as the dominant part in 1905, with the main production facility in La Spezia. It would later become OTO Melara.
Six minutes to reload; 20 minutes for the cloud of smoke from 450 lbs of black powder to clear. Sheesh.
Here is a near contemporary illustration showing the loading procedure for this monster. Those Victorian engineers liked to think big and weren't troubled by the size of the task. Private Jones may have thought otherwise. All this in the day of the horse and cart!
https://www.alamy.com/gunnery-carriage-iron-wrought-garrison-moncrieff-gun-
The cost to fire one round was the equivalent of one day's pay for 2,500 soldiers. Source, biography by Henrietta Heald
There is a lot of info on these guns including video of firing them. Just look it up.
spike1984 says:
The 100-ton cannon looks like something that the FF9 airships would use in battle against Garland's legion of Silver Dragons.
Ian Tupper says:
In your youtube video on the gun you wonder why the Army did not scrap the one remai g gun. It was simple the gun was in the middle of Royal Navy range. The range was closed by my farther in 1959. As a schoolboy I used to play on the gun and its little castle
Steven P Robinson says:
The military college I attended, Norwich University in Vermont, has a couple of breech loading Armstrongs in their collection that they have had since just before the American Civil War. I think they are 12 pounders like the pair of James muzzle loaders they also have.
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We have her panegyrics, by St. Aldhelm, in the seventh, and St. Methodius, Patriarch of Constantinople, in the ninth centuries; also a hymn in her honour among the poems of Pope Damasus, and another by St. Isidore of Seville, in Bollandus, p. 596. The Greeks have interpolated her acts; but those in Latin are very ancient. They are abridged by Tillemont, t. 3, p. 409. See also Rocci Pyrrho, in Sicilia Sacra, on Palermo, Catana, and Malta.
The cities of Palermo and Catana, in Sicily, dispute the honour of her birth; but they do much better who, by copying her virtues, and claiming her patronage, strive to become her fellow-citizens in heaven. It is agreed that she received the crown of martyrdom at Catana, in the persecution of Decius, in the third consulship of that prince, in the year of our Lord 251. She was of a rich and illustrious family, and having been consecrated to God from her tender years, triumphed over many assaults upon her chastity. Quintianus, a man of consular dignity, bent on gratifying both his lust and avarice, imagined he should easily compass his wicked designs on Agatha's person and estate by means of the emperor's edict against the Christians. He therefore caused her to be apprehended and brought before him at Catana. Seeing herself in the hands of the persecutors, she made this prayer: "Jesus Christ, Lord of all things, you see my heart, you know my desire-possess alone all that I am. I am your sheep, make me worthy to overcome the devil." She wept, and prayed for courage and strength all the way she went. On her appearance, Quintianus gave orders for her being put into the hands of Aphrodisia, a most wicked woman, who, with six daughters, all prostitutes, kept a common stew. The saint suffered in this infamous place assaults and stratagems against her virtue infinitely more terrible to her than any tortures or death itself. But placing her confidence in God, she never ceased with sighs and most earnest tears to implore his protection, and by it was an overmatch for all their hellish attempts the whole month she was there. Quintianus, being informed of her constancy after thirty days, ordered her to be brought before him. The virgin, in her first interrogatory, told him that to be a servant of Jesus Christ was the most illustrious nobility and true liberty. The judge, offended at her resolute answers, commanded her to be buffeted and led to prison. She entered it with great joy, recommending her future conflict to God. The next day she was arraigned a second time at the tribunal, and answered with equal constancy that Jesus Christ was her life and her salvation. Quintianus then ordered her to be stretched on the rack, which torment was usually accompanied with stripes, the tearing of the sides with iron hooks, and burning them with torches or matches. The governor, enraged to see her suffer all this with cheerfulness, commanded her breast to be tortured, and afterwards to be cut off. At which she made him this reproach: "Cruel tyrant, do you not blush to torture this part of my body, you that sucked the breasts of a woman yourself? "He remanded her to prison, with a severe order that neither salves nor food should be allowed her. But God would be himself her physician, and the apostle St. Peter in a vision comforted her, healed all her wounds,. and filled her dungeon with a heavenly light. Quintianus, four days after, not the least moved at the miraculous cure of her wounds, caused her to be rolled naked over live coals mixed with broken potsherds. Being carried back to prison, she made this prayer: "Lord, my Creator, you have ever protected me from the cradle; you have taken me from the love of the world, and given me patience to suffer: receive now my soul." After which words she sweetly gave up the ghost. Her name is inserted in the canon of the mass in the calendar of Carthage, as ancient as the year 530, and in all martyrologies of the Latins and Greeks. Pope Symmachus built a church in Rome on the Aurelian Way under her name, about the year 500, which is fallen to decay. St. Gregory the Great enriched a church which he purged from the Arian impiety with her relics, which it still possesses. This church had been rebuilt in her honour by Ricimer, general of the Western Empire, in 460. Gregory II built another famous church at Rome, under her invocation, in 726, which Clement VIII gave to the congregation of the Christian doctrine. St. Gregory the Great ordered some of her relics to be placed in the church of the monastery of St. Stephen, in the Isle of Capreae, now Capri. The chief part, which remained at Catana, was carried to Constantinople by the Greek general, who drove the Saracens out of Sicily about the year 1040; these were brought back to Catana in 1127, a relation of which translation, written by Mauritius, who was then bishop, is recorded by Rocci Pyrrho and Bollandus. The same authors relate in what manner the torrent of burning sulphur and stones which issue from mount Aetna, in great eruptions, was several times averted from the walls of Catana by the veil of St. Agatha, (taken out of her tomb,) which was carried in procession. Also that through her inter. cession, Malta (where she is honored as patroness of the island) was pre served from the Turks who invaded it in 1551. Small portions of relics cf. St. Agatha are said to be distributed in many places.
The perfect purity of intention by which St. Agatha was entirely dead to the world and herself, and sought only to please God, is the circumstance which sanctified her sufferings, and rendered her sacrifice complete. The least cross which we bear, the least action which we perform in this disposition, will be a great holocaust, and a most acceptable offering. We have frequently something to offer—sometimes an aching pain in the body, at other times some trouble of mind, often some disappointment, some humbling rebuke, or reproach, or the like. If we only bear these trials with patience when others are witnesses, or if we often speak of them, or are fretful under them, or if we bear patiently public affronts or great trials, yet sink under those which are trifling, and are sensible to small or secret injuries, it is evident that we have not attained to true purity of intention in our patience; that we are not dead to ourselves. We profess ourselves ready to die for Christ, yet cannot bear the least cross or humiliation. How agreeable to our divine spouse is the sacrifice of a soul which suffers in silence, desiring to have no other witness of her patience than God alone, who sends her trials; which shuns superiority and honours, but takes all care possible that no one knows the humility or modesty of such a refusal; which suffers humiliations and seeks no comfort or reward but from God. This simplicity and purity of heart; this love of being hid in God, through Jesus Christ, is the perfection of all our sacrifices, and the complete victory over self-love, which it attacks and forces out of its strongest entrenchments: this says to Christ, with St. Agatha, "Possess alone all that I am."