text:
The Colorado Rockies' 1997 season was the fifth for the Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise located in Denver, Colorado, their fifth in the National League (NL), and third at Coors Field. The team competed in the National League West, finishing in third place with a record of 83–79.  Right fielder Larry Walker won the NL Most Valuable Player Award (MVP), becoming the first Rockies player and Canadian-born player to do so in MLB.

In a season of contrasting dynamics, the Rockies led the NL in attendance, runs scored, batting average, on-base percentage (OBP), and slugging percentage.  However, the club was last in earned run average (ERA), as only Roger Bailey and John Thomson pitched enough innings to qualify for the ERA title and both produced ERAs under 5.00.  Walker, Vinny Castilla, and Andrés Galarraga each hit at least 40 home runs.  Walker led the NL in home runs with 49 and OBP (.452), and the major leagues in on-base plus slugging (1.172), while Galarraga led the NL in runs batted in (140).

Offseason
November 28, 1996: Armando Reynoso was traded by the Colorado Rockies to the New York Mets for Jerry DiPoto.
December 9, 1996: Kirt Manwaring was signed as a free agent by the Colorado Rockies.
January 15, 1997: Juan Uribe was signed as an amateur free agent by the Colorado Rockies.
January 24, 1997: Darnell Coles was signed as a free agent by the Colorado Rockies.
March 26, 1997: Steve Decker was released by the Colorado Rockies.

Regular season
The Rockies commenced the 1997 season on the road.  Larry Walker hit two home runs in the season-opening series against the Reds in Cincinnati, and, on April 5, hit three more versus the Montreal Expos in Montreal for his first career three home run game.  His first week accomplishments included a .440 batting average with six home runs in 25 at bats and the Player of the Week Award for the second time in his career on April 6.  Walker concluded the month of April batting .456 with 41 hits, 29 runs scored, 11 home runs, 29 runs batted in (RBI), seven stolen bases, .538 on-base percentage (OBP), .911 slugging percentage (SLG), and 1.449 on-base plus slugging percentage (OPS).  His 29 runs scored set a major league record for the month of April, until surpassed by Bryce Harper in 2017.  Walker was named NL Player of the Month for the first time.  The Rockies concluded the month of April with a 17–7 record for a .708 winning percentage, their most successful month of 1997.

Perhaps the most famous home run first baseman Andrés Galarraga hit was a mammoth grand slam off Kevin Brown on May 31, which landed 20 rows deep into the upper deck at Florida Marlins' Pro Player Stadium.  It may also be his most debated home run with a distance initially measured at  and then .  At the time, it set a record for both the Rockies and the stadium.  In 2011, ESPN's Home Run Tracker recalculated the distance to .

In the June 20 contest versus the San Diego Padres, Walker collected his 108th hit of the season and the 1,000th of his career while batting against Andy Ashby.

Walker continued to hit near or above .400 in July, when he was selected to play in the All-Star Game.  His remarkable season continued: as late as July 17, he was hitting .402.  The Rockies struggled in the month of July, losing 19 of 27 games for a .296 winning percentage.

Third baseman Vinny Castilla replicated the exact totals in batting average (.304), home runs (40), and RBI (113) as he had produced in 1996, with one fewer game played (159) and one point less in slugging percentage (.547).

The Rockies led the NL in attendance at more than 3.88 million.  They also led the league in runs scored (923), home runs (239), batting (.288), OBP (.357), and SLG (.478).  They were last in ERA at 5.25.

The career season for Walker was 1997, when he hit .366 with 49 home runs, 130 RBI, 33 stolen bases, and 409 total bases, en route to becoming the first Canadian-born and Colorado Rockies player to win the MVP Award in MLB.  Combined with 12 outfield assists, the season remains one of the finest all around performances in recent baseball history. Even more impressively, Walker's breakout season came just one year after various injuries limited him to 83 games and 272 at-bats, although the NL Comeback Player of the Year award went to Darren Daulton.

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Transactions
May 23, 1997: Darnell Coles was purchased by the Hanshin Tigers (Japan Central) from the Colorado Rockies.
June 3, 1997: Aaron Cook was drafted by the Colorado Rockies in the 2nd round of the 1997 amateur draft. Player signed July 13, 1997.
June 3, 1997: Chone Figgins was drafted by the Colorado Rockies in the 4th round of the 1997 amateur draft. Player signed June 9, 1997.
July 27, 1997: Craig Counsell was traded by the Colorado Rockies to the Florida Marlins for Mark Hutton.
August 19, 1997: Eric Young was traded by the Colorado Rockies to the Los Angeles Dodgers for Pedro Astacio.
August 20, 1997: Bill Swift was released by the Colorado Rockies.

Major League debuts
Batters:
Todd Helton (Aug 2)
Pitchers:
Mike DeJean (May 2)
John Thomson (May 11)
Bobby Jones (May 18)
Marshall Z. Richards (Jul 21)

Roster

Game log

|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 1 || April 1 || @ Reds || 11–4 || Smiley (1–0) || Ritz (0–1) || Jarvis (1) || 54,820 || 0–1
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 2 || April 2 || @ Reds || 5–3 || Burba (1–0) || Swift (0–1) || Shaw (1) || 20,210 || 0–2
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 3 || April 3 || @ Reds || 7–1 || Thompson (1–0) || Schourek (0–1) || || 22,660 || 1–2
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 4 || April 4 || @ Expos || 5–4 || Wright (1–0) || Valdes (0–1) || Ruffin (1) || 19,890 || 2–2
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 5 || April 5 || @ Expos || 15–3 || Bailey (1–0) || Cormier (0–1) || || 30,919 || 3–2
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 6 || April 6 || @ Expos || 6–2 || Ritz (1–1) || Bullinger (0–1) || || 15,690 || 4–2
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 7 || April 7 || Reds || 13–2 || Swift (1–1) || Burba (1–1) || Holmes (1) || 48,014 || 5–2
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 8 || April 9 || Reds || 13–4 || Thompson (2–0) || Bones (0–1) || || 50,095 || 6–2
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 9 || April 12 || Expos || 12–8 || Wright (2–0) || Bullinger (0–2) || DiPoto (1) || 50,010 || 7–2
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 10 || April 13 || Expos || 8–3 || Pérez (2–0) || Ritz (1–2) || Daal (1) || 50,029 || 7–3
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 11 || April 14 || Expos || 10–8 || DiPoto (1–0) || Stull (0–1) || Ruffin (2) || 48,011 || 8–3
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 12 || April 15 || @ Cubs || 10–7 || Thompson (3–0) || Foster (0–1) || || 15,496 || 9–3
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 13 || April 16 || @ Cubs || 4–0 || Bailey (2–0) || Castillo (0–3) || || 13,890 || 10–3
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 14 || April 18 || Braves || 14–0 || Glavine (3–0) || Wright (2–1) || || 48,070 || 10–4
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 15 || April 19 || Braves || 8–7 || Neagle (2–0) || Ritz (1–3) || Bielecki (1) || 48,065 || 10–5
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 16 || April 20 || Braves || 9–2 || Holmes (1–0) || Smoltz (2–3) || || 48,155 || 11–5
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 17 || April 22 || Marlins || 13–4 || Bailey (3–0) || Rapp (2–1) || || 48,034 || 12–5
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 18 || April 23 || Marlins || 7–3 || Wright (3–1) || Brown (2–1) || Ruffin (3) || 50,017 || 13–5
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 19 || April 25 || @ Cardinals || 5–4 || Ritz (2–3) || Benes (2–2) || Ruffin (4) || 29,675 || 14–5
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 20 || April 26 || @ Cardinals || 4–2 || Swift (2–1) || Morris (0–1) || Ruffin (5) || 45,681 || 15–5
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 21 || April 27 || @ Cardinals || 6–2 || Osborne (1–2) || Thompson (3–1) || || 30,615 || 15–6
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 22 || April 28 || @ Astros || 7–6 (10) || McCurry (1–0) || Wagner (2–1) || Ruffin (6) || 13,510 || 16–6
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 23 || April 29 || @ Astros || 3–1 || Wall (1–0) || Bailey (3–1) || Hudek (4) || 13,567 || 16–7
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 24 || April 30 || Cubs || 11–5 || Ritz (3–3) || Foster (2–2) || || 48,017 || 17–7
|-

|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 25 || May 1 || Cubs || 5–4 || Swift (3–1) || Castillo (1–4) || Reed (1) || 48,052 || 18–7
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 26 || May 2 || Phillies || 7–4 || Muñoz (1–4) || Thompson (3–2) || Bottalico (6) || 48,031 || 18–8
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 27 || May 3 || Phillies || 7–3 || Wright (4–1) || Portugal (0–2) || || 48,050 || 19–8
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 28 || May 4 || Phillies || 9–0 || Bailey (4–1) || Maduro (2–3) || || 48,107 || 20–8
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 29 || May 5 || Mets || 6–1 || Jones (5–2) || Ritz (3–4) || || 48,036 || 20–9
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 30 || May 6 || Mets || 12–11 || Swift (4–1) || Borland (0–1) || Reed (2) || 48,020 || 21–9
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 31 || May 7 || Pirates || 14–3 || Wilkins (2–0) || Thompson (3–3) || || 48,056 || 21–10
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 32 || May 8 || Pirates || 10–8 || Loaiza (4–0) || Wright (4–2) || Loiselle (2) || 48,050 || 21–11
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 33 || May 9 || @ Phillies || 3–1 || Maduro (3–3) || Bailey (4–2) || Bottalico (7) || 13,564 || 21–12
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 34 || May 10 || @ Phillies || 5–4 (10) || Bottalico (1–1) || Reed (0–1) || || 17,629 || 21–13
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 35 || May 11 || @ Phillies || 3–1 || Schilling (5–3) || Thomson (0–1) || || 21,282 || 21–14
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 36 || May 12 || @ Phillies || 9–2 || DeJean (1–0) || Muñoz (1–5) || || 12,603 || 22–14
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 37 || May 14 || @ Pirates || 15–10 || Wilkins (3–0) || Reed (0–2) || || 11,841 || 22–15
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 38 || May 15 || @ Pirates || 4–3 || Córdova (3–3) || Bailey (4–3) || Rincón (3) || 8,548 || 22–16
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 39 || May 16 || @ Mets || 2–1 || Munoz (1–0) || McMichael (3–4) || Ruffin (7) || 15,261 || 23–16
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 40 || May 17 || @ Mets || 3–1 || Jones (7–2) || Thomson (0–2) || Franco (12) || 23,987 || 23–17
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 41 || May 18 || @ Mets || 10–4 || Kashiwada (1–0) || Ruffin (0–1) || || 22,845 || 23–18
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 42 || May 19 || @ Mets || 4–3 || Lidle (2–0) || McCurry (1–1) || || 14,248 || 23–19
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 43 || May 20 || @ Giants || 6–3 || Van Landingham (2–2) || Bailey (4–4) || Beck (15) || 12,431 || 23–20
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 44 || May 21 || @ Giants || 10–7 || Ritz (4–4) || Rueter (2–1) || Reed (3) || 12,268 || 24–20
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 45 || May 22 || @ Giants || 7–2 || Gardner (6–1) || Thomson (0–3) || || 10,811 || 24–21
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 46 || May 23 || Astros || 8–7 || Jones (1–0) || Wall (1–2) || Reed (4) || 48,127 || 25–21
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 47 || May 24 || Astros || 7–0 || Kile (5–2) || Burke (0–1) || || 48,129 || 25–22
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 48 || May 25 || Astros || 8–5 || Bailey (5–4) || García (2–3) || Munoz (1) || 48,222 || 26–22
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 49 || May 26 || Cardinals || 9–7 || DeJean (2–0) || Petkovsek (2–4) || Reed (5) || 48,043 || 27–22
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 50 || May 27 || Cardinals || 8–6 || Benes (4–4) || Thomson (0–4) || Eckersley (9) || 50,010 || 27–23
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 51 || May 29 || @ Marlins || 6–5 || Holmes (2–0) || Nen (4–2) || Reed (6) || 19,145 || 28–23
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 52 || May 30 || @ Marlins || 4–3 (12) || Hutton (3–1) || DiPoto (1–1) || || 35,731 || 28–24
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 53 || May 31 || @ Marlins || 8–4 || Ritz (5–4) || Brown (5–3) || DeJean (1) || 35,032 || 29–24
|-

|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 54 || June 1 || @ Marlins || 9–2 || Thomson (1–4) || Helling (1–4) || || 41,816 || 30–24
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 55 || June 2 || @ Cardinals || 11–7 || Burke (1–1) || Jackson (1–1) || || 22,653 || 31–24
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 56 || June 3 || @ Cardinals || 15–4 || Morris (3–3) || Jones (1–1) || || 34,038 || 31–25
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 57 || June 4 || Padres || 7–5 || Cunnane (4–1) || Bailey (5–5) || Bochtler (2) || 48,049 || 31–26
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 58 || June 5 || Padres || 9–7 (11) || Reed (1–2) || Burrows (0–1) || || 48,018 || 32–26
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 59 || June 7 || Marlins || 7–5 || Heredia (3–0) || Holmes (2–1) || Nen (16) || 48,052 || 32–27
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 60 || June 8 || Marlins || 7–2 || Burke (2–1) || Leiter (5–4) || DiPoto (2) || 48,055 || 33–27
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 61 || June 8 || Marlins || 9–1 (7) || Fernandez (6–6) || Wright (4–3) || || 48,033 || 33–28
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 62 || June 9 || Braves || 8–3 || Bailey (6–5) || Glavine (6–4) || || 48,047 || 34–28
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 63 || June 10 || Braves || 8–3 || Neagle (9–1) || Ritz (5–5) || || 48,103 || 34–29
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 64 || June 11 || Braves || 9–6 || Thomson (2–4) || Clontz (2–1) || || 48,633 || 35–29
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 65 || June 12 || @ Mariners || 12–11 || Wells (2–0) || Munoz (1–1) || Ayala (4) || 37,948 || 35–30
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 66 || June 13 || @ Mariners || 6–1 || Johnson (10–1) || Wright (4–4) || || 55,980 || 35–31
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 67 || June 14 || @ Athletics || 7–1 || Bailey (7–5) || Wengert (3–4) || || 25,139 || 36–31
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 68 || June 15 || @ Athletics || 5–2 || Prieto (5–4) || Ritz (5–6) || Taylor (13) || 24,333 || 36–32
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 69 || June 17 || Rangers || 10–8 (11) || Patterson (5–3) || Reed (1–3) || || 48,243 || 36–33
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 70 || June 18 || Rangers || 10–9 || Leskanic (1–0) || Wetteland (4–1) || || 43,432 || 37–33
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 71 || June 19 || @ Padres || 8–4 || Bailey (8–5) || Jackson (1–4) || || 19,146 || 38–33
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 72 || June 20 || @ Padres || 5–2 || Ashby (3–3) || Munoz (1–2) || Hoffman (11) || 20,602 || 38–34
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 73 || June 21 || @ Padres || 9–4 || Rekar (1–0) || Bergman (1–2) || || 43,044 || 39–34
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 74 || June 22 || @ Padres || 4–2 || Worrell (3–6) || Ruffin (0–2) || Hoffman (12) || 28,893 || 39–35
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 75 || June 23 || @ Dodgers || 5–3 || Nomo (7–6) || Ritz (5–7) || Hall (1) || 31,076 || 39–36
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 76 || June 24 || @ Dodgers || 6–2 || Holmes (3–1) || Astacio (3–7) || || 45,194 || 40–36
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 77 || June 25 || @ Dodgers || 2–0 || Valdez (4–8) || Burke (2–2) || Hall (2) || 30,963 || 40–37
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 78 || June 26 || Giants || 7–6 || DeJean (3–0) || Foulke (1–2) || Leskanic (1) || 48,301 || 41–37
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 79 || June 27 || Giants || 6–3 || Rueter (5–2) || Thomson (2–5) || Beck (26) || 48,225 || 41–38
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 80 || June 28 || Giants || 9–2 || Ritz (6–7) || Gardner (8–4) || || 48,273 || 42–38
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 81 || June 29 || Giants || 7–4 || Estes (11–2) || Bailey (8–6) || || 48,384 || 42–39
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 82 || June 30 || Angels || 11–7 || DiPoto (2–1) || Gross (1–1) || || 48,359 || 43–39
|-

|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 83 || July 1 || Angels || 4–1 || Finley (4–6) || Burke (2–3) || Percival (10) || 48,235 || 43–40
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 84 || July 2 || @ Rangers || 9–1 || Burkett (6–7) || Thomson (2–6) || || 38,569 || 43–41
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 85 || July 3 || @ Rangers || 8–3 || Oliver (5–9) || Ritz (6–8) || || 38,907 || 43–42
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 86 || July 4 || @ Giants || 4–0 || Estes (12–2) || Wright (4–5) || Beck (28) || 41,566 || 43–43
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 87 || July 5 || @ Giants || 2–1 || Tavárez (2–2) || Munoz (1–3) || Beck (29) || 34,148 || 43–44
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 88 || July 6 || @ Giants || 7–0 || Gardner (9–4) || Burke (2–4) || || 28,252 || 43–45
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 89 || July 10 || Padres || 11–5 || Ashby (5–5) || Burke (2–5) || || 45,833 || 43–46
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 90 || July 11 || Padres || 6–5 (11) || DiPoto (3–1) || Hoffman (3–4) || || 48,053 || 44–46
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 91 || July 12 || Padres || 11–7 || Hamilton (7–3) || Swift (4–2) || Hoffman (17) || 48,179 || 44–47
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 92 || July 13 || Padres || 13–11 || Batchelor (3–1) || McCurry (1–2) || Hoffman (18) || 48,053 || 44–48
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 93 || July 14 || Dodgers || 14–12 (10) || Radinsky (4–1) || Reed (1–4) || Worrell (22) || 48,360 || 44–49
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 94 || July 15 || Dodgers || 6–5 || Park (7–5) || Bailey (8–7) || Worrell (23) || 48,621 || 44–50
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 95 || July 16 || @ Braves || 2–1 || Glavine (10–5) || DiPoto (3–2) || Wohlers (23) || 48,400 || 44–51
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 96 || July 17 || @ Braves || 8–2 || Maddux (13–3) || Swift (4–3) || || 48,024 || 44–52
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 97 || July 19 || @ Cubs || 7–0 || Trachsel (5–7) || Wright (4–6) || || || 44–53
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 98 || July 19 || @ Cubs || 6–5 || Wendell (3–5) || McCurry (1–3) || Rojas (11) || 40,751 || 44–54
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 99 || July 20 || @ Cubs || 9–5 || Leskanic (2–0) || Adams (1–5) || Holmes (2) || 36,861 || 45–54
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 100 || July 21 || @ Expos || 8–4 || Urbina (3–6) || Holmes (3–2) || || 20,540 || 45–55
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 101 || July 22 || @ Expos || 11–9 (12) || Reed (2–4) || Veres (2–3) || || 22,518 || 46–55
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 102 || July 24 || Cubs || 7–1 || Wright (5–6) || Trachsel (5–8) || || 48,294 || 47–55
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 103 || July 25 || Cubs || 9–3 || Castillo (7–9) || Foster (10–6) || || 48,279 || 48–55
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 104 || July 26 || Cubs || 6–3 || Bailey (9–7) || Mulholland (6–10) || Holmes (3) || 48,108 || 49–55
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 105 || July 27 || Cubs || 4–0 || Thomson (3–6) || González (7–4) || || 48,378 || 50–55
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 106 || July 28 || Expos || 3–2 || Pérez (10–6) || Swift (4–4) || Urbina (18) || 48,066 || 50–56
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 107 || July 29 || Expos || 3–0 || Martínez (12–5) || Wright (5–7) || || 48,117 || 50–57
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 108 || July 30 || Expos || 12–6 || Castillo (8–9) || Juden (11–5) || || 48,405 || 51–57
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 109 || July 31 || @ Pirates || 4–1 || Schmidt (6–6) || Bailey (9–8) || Loiselle (16) || 16,654 || 51–58
|-

|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 110 || August 1 || @ Pirates || 7–6 || Reed (3–4) || Rincón (4–5) || DiPoto (3) || 22,657 || 52–58
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 111 || August 2 || @ Pirates || 6–5 || Córdova (8–6) || Swift (4–5) || Loiselle (17) || 32,388 || 52–59
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 112 || August 3 || @ Pirates || 8–4 || Ruebel (3–2) || Reed (3–5) || || 24,989 || 52–60
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 113 || August 4 || @ Phillies || 7–3 || Green (2–1) || Castillo (8–10) || || 15,230 || 52–61
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 114 || August 5 || @ Phillies || 4–2 || Holmes (4–2) || Bottalico (2–4) || DiPoto (4) || 16,428 || 53–61
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 115 || August 6 || @ Mets || 4–0 || Thomson (4–6) || Mlicki (5–8) || || 26,633 || 54–61
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 116 || August 7 || @ Mets || 12–4 || Clark (8–7) || Swift (4–6) || || 29,536 || 54–62
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 117 || August 8 || Pirates || 5–3 || Wright (6–7) || Lieber (6–12) || DiPoto (5) || 48,262 || 55–62
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 118 || August 9 || Pirates || 8–7 || Munoz (2–3) || Rincón (4–6) || || 48,323 || 56–62
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 119 || August 10 || Pirates || 8–7 || Leskanic (3–0) || Wilkins (7–3) || DiPoto (6) || 48,018 || 57–62
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 120 || August 12 || Phillies || 5–0 || Beech (1–7) || Thomson (4–7) || || 48,228 || 57–63
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 121 || August 13 || Phillies || 12–8 || Leiter (8–12) || Wright (6–8) || || 48,491 || 57–64
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 122 || August 15 || Mets || 6–2 || Castillo (9–10) || Reed (10–6) || || 48,308 || 58–64
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 123 || August 16 || Mets || 7–5 || Holmes (5–2) || McMichael (7–10) || DiPoto (7) || 48,311 || 59–64
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 124 || August 17 || Mets || 6–4 || Thomson (5–7) || Mlicki (5–10) || DiPoto (8) || 48,440 || 60–64
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 125 || August 19 || @ Reds || 6–5 || Morgan (5–10) || Wright (6–9) || Shaw (25) || 31,722 || 60–65
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 126 || August 20 || @ Reds || 5–3 || Castillo (10–10) || White (1–1) || DiPoto (9) || 21,968 || 61–65
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 127 || August 21 || @ Astros || 10–4 || Holt (8–9) || Bailey (9–9) || || 22,962 || 61–66
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 128 || August 22 || @ Astros || 9–1 || Kile (17–3) || Thomson (5–8) || || 33,061 || 61–67
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 129 || August 23 || @ Astros || 6–3 || Reed (4–5) || Hudek (0–2) || DiPoto (10) || 32,374 || 62–67
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 130 || August 24 || @ Astros || 3–1 || Hampton (11–8) || Wright (6–10) || || 28,918 || 62–68
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 131 || August 25 || Reds || 7–6 || Martínez (1–0) || Castillo (10–11) || Shaw (26) || 48,143 || 62–69
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 132 || August 25 || Reds || 6–4 || White (2–1) || Hutton (3–2) || Shaw (27) || 48,081 || 62–70
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 133 || August 26 || Reds || 9–5 || DeJean (4–0) || Martínez (1–1) || || 48,063 || 63–70
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 134 || August 27 || Reds || 7–5 || Thomson (6–8) || Remlinger (6–6) || DiPoto (11) || 48,032 || 64–70
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 135 || August 28 || Mariners || 9–5 || Astacio (8–9) || Olivares (6–9) || || 48,422 || 65–70
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 136 || August 29 || Mariners || 6–5 || DiPoto (4–2) || Timlin (3–3) || || 48,178 || 66–70
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 137 || August 30 || Athletics || 4–3 || DiPoto (5–2) || Mohler (1–10) || || 48,308 || 67–70
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 138 || August 31 || Athletics || 10–4 || Holmes (6–2) || Oquist (2–5) || || 48,041 || 68–70
|-

|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 139 || September 1 || @ Angels || 4–1 || Thomson (7–8) || Watson (11–9) || DiPoto (12) || 19,614 || 69–70
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 140 || September 2 || @ Angels || 7–2 || Astacio (9–9) || Dickson (13–7) || Munoz (2) || 18,266 || 70–70
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 141 || September 5 || Cardinals || 11–4 || Castillo (11–11) || Osborne (3–7) || || 48,051 || 71–70
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 142 || September 6 || Cardinals || 10–7 (13) || Eckersley (1–4) || McCurry (1–4) || Petkovsek (2) || 48,017 || 71–71
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 143 || September 6 || Cardinals || 7–6 || Holmes (7–2) || King (3–1) || || 44,288 || 72–71
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 144 || September 7 || Cardinals || 7–4 || Astacio (10–9) || Petkovsek (4–6) || || 48,011 || 73–71
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 145 || September 9 || Astros || 7–4 || Hampton (13–9) || Wright (6–11) || Springer (3) || 48,039 || 73–72
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 146 || September 10 || Astros || 9–7 || Leskanic (4–0) || Magnante (3–1) || DiPoto (13) || 42,321 || 74–72
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 147 || September 12 || @ Braves || 3–1 || Munoz (3–3) || Wohlers (5–6) || DiPoto (14) || 47,772 || 75–72
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 148 || September 13 || @ Braves || 10–6 || Holmes (8–2) || Cather (0–4) || DeJean (2) || 49,097 || 76–72
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 149 || September 14 || @ Braves || 4–0 || Astacio (11–9) || Smoltz (14–12) || || 46,245 || 77–72
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 150 || September 15 || @ Marlins || 7–1 || Wright (7–11) || Fernandez (17–11) || || 19,148 || 78–72
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 151 || September 16 || @ Marlins || 9–6 || Powell (7–2) || DiPoto (5–3) || || 21,990 || 78–73
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 152 || September 17 || @ Padres || 5–4 || Ashby (9–11) || Thomson (7–9) || Hoffman (35) || 15,768 || 78–74
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 153 || September 18 || @ Padres || 7–6 || Menhart (2–2) || Bailey (9–10) || Hoffman (36) || 15,067 || 78–75
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 154 || September 19 || @ Dodgers || 6–4 || Astacio (12–9) || Nomo (13–12) || DiPoto (15) || 53,408 || 79–75
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 155 || September 20 || @ Dodgers || 2–1 || Wright (8–11) || Osuna (3–4) || DiPoto (16) || 45,780 || 80–75
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 156 || September 21 || @ Dodgers || 10–5 || Castillo (12–11) || Martínez (9–5) || || 53,903 || 81–75
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 157 || September 23 || Giants || 7–6 || Holmes (9–2) || Darwin (5–11) || Leskanic (2) || 48,026 || 82–75
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 158 || September 24 || Giants || 4–3 || Hernández (10–3) || Reed (4–6) || || 48,035 || 82–76
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 159 || September 25 || Dodgers || 9–5 || Nomo (14–12) || Astacio (12–10) || || 48,020 || 82–77
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 160 || September 26 || Dodgers || 10–4 || Valdez (10–11) || Wright (8–12) || || 48,016 || 82–78
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;"
| 161 || September 27 || Dodgers || 6–1 || Martínez (10–5) || Castillo (12–12) || || 48,125 || 82–79
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#bfb;"
| 162 || September 28 || Dodgers || 13–9 ||  DeJean (5–0) || Reyes (2–3) || || 48,197 || 83–79
|-

Player statistics

Batting

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Awards, league leaders, and accomplishments

National League leaders

Offensive statistics
 At bats per home run: Larry Walker (11.6)
 Extra base hits: Larry Walker (99) †
 Home runs: Larry Walker (49)
 Offensive win %: Larry Walker (.857) †
 On-base percentage: Larry Walker (.452)
 On-base plus slugging percentage: Larry Walker (1.172) †
 Power–speed number: Larry Walker (39.4)
 Runs batted in: Andrés Galarraga (140)
 Slugging percentage: Larry Walker (.720) †
 Total bases: Larry Walker (409) †
 Wins Above Replacement: Larry Walker (9.8) †
 Notes: † – led MLB.  References:

Defensive statistics
 Assists at third base: Vinny Castilla (323)
 Double plays turned:
 at first base: Andrés Galarraga (176)
 at third base: Vinny Castilla (41)
 all outfielders and at right field: Larry Walker (4)
 at center field: Quinton McCracken (3)
 Fielding percentage:
 at left field: Dante Bichette (.991)
 at right field: Larry Walker (.992)
 at pitcher: Roger Bailey (1.000)
 Putouts for all fielders and at first base: Andrés Galarraga (1,458)
 Range factor per game:
 at first base: Andrés Galarraga (10.23)
 at shortstop: Walt Weiss (4.73)
 Range factor per nine innings:
 at first base: Andrés Galarraga (10.69)
 at shortstop: Walt Weiss (5.22)
 at pitcher: Roger Bailey (3.06)
 References:

Awards
 All-Star Game selectees:
 Andrés Galarraga
 Larry Walker (starter at right field)
 Baseball Digest Player of the Year: Larry Walker
 Colorado Rockies Player of the Year: Larry Walker
 National League Most Valuable Player (MVP): Larry Walker
 National League Player of the Month: Larry Walker (April)
 National League Players of the Week:
 2× Larry Walker (April 6 & September 21)
 Vinny Castilla (April 13)
 Ellis Burks (May 25)
 Dante Bichette (July 27)
 Rawlings Gold Glove at outfield: Larry Walker
 Silver Slugger
 at third base: Vinny Castilla
 at outfield: Larry Walker
 Tip O'Neill Award: Larry Walker

Farm system

LEAGUE CHAMPIONS: Portland

See also

 30–30 club
 List of Colorado Rockies team records
 List of Gold Glove Award winners at outfield
 List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders
 List of Major League Baseball annual putouts leaders
 List of Major League Baseball annual runs batted in leaders
 List of National League annual slugging percentage leaders
 List of Silver Slugger Award winners at third base
 List of Silver Slugger Award winners at outfield

References and notes

References
1997 Colorado Rockies at Baseball Reference
1997 Colorado Rockies team page at www.baseball-almanac.com

Colorado Rockies seasons
Colorado Rockies season
Colorado Rockies season
1990s in Denver


text:
Olgania weld est une espèce d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Anapidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce est endémique de Tasmanie en Australie. Elle se rencontre dans la grotte Weld River Arch.

Description
Le mâle holotype mesure  et la femelle paratype .

Étymologie
Son nom d'espèce lui a été donné en référence au lieu de sa découverte, la grotte Weld River Arch.

Publication originale
 Rix & Harvey, 2010 : The spider family Micropholcommatidae (Arachnida, Araneae, Araneoidea): a relimitation and revision at the generic level. ZooKeys, ,  (texte intégral).

Liens externes

Notes et références

Anapidae
Espèce d'araignées (nom scientifique)
Faune endémique de Tasmanie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Le genre Odontonema regroupe des plantes à fleurs de la famille des Acanthacées originaires d'Amérique.

Liste d'espèces
Selon  :
 Odontonema callistachyum (Schltdl. & Cham.) Kuntze
 Odontonema cuspidatum (Nees) Kuntze
 Odontonema nitidum (Jacq.) Kuntze
 Odontonema tubaeforme (Bertol.) Kuntze

Selon  :
 Odontonema tubiforme

Selon  :
 Odontonema cuspidatum (Nees) Kuntze
 Odontonema nitidum (Jacq.) Kuntze
 Odontonema tubiforme (Bertol.) Kuntze

Notes et références

Liens externes

Genre d'Angiospermes (nom scientifique)
Acanthaceae (Cronquist)
Acanthaceae


text:
Händelser
3 mars - William Fox efterträder George Marsden Waterhouse som Nya Zeelands premiärminister.
8 april - Julius Vogel efterträder William Fox som Nya Zeelands premiärminister.
1 juli - Prince Edward Island blir provins i Kanada.
21 juli - Frederik Stang tillträder som Norges första statsminister.
10 augusti -  Marco Minghetti efterträder Giovanni Lanza som Italiens konseljpresident.
7 november - Alexander Mackenzie efterträder John A. Macdonald som Kanadas premiärminister.

Källor

Fotnoter

Externa länkar


text:
First Sergeant Maximo Yabes (January 29, 1932 – February 26, 1967) born in Lodi, California, was a United States Army soldier who posthumously received the Medal of Honor — the United States' highest military decoration — for his actions near Phu Hoa Dong in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. Yabes distinguished himself when he used his body as a shield to protect others in a bunker, moved two wounded men to a safer position where they could be given medical treatment and destroyed an enemy machine gun position before being mortally wounded.

Early years
Yabes was born in Lodi, California, and at a young age moved with his family to Oakridge, Oregon where he received his primary and secondary education. In 1950, he dropped out of Oakridge High School and joined the United States Army.

Vietnam War
By 1967, Yabes was a First Sergeant with a total of 17 years in the Army.  He was assigned to Company A, 4th Battalion, 9th Infantry, of the 25th Infantry Division in South Vietnam. The division had been stationed at Củ Chi Base Camp, northwest of Saigon since January 1966.

Yabes' company — Alpha Company — was assigned to protect a squad of Army engineers whose assignment was to bulldoze a swath between the village and a plantation.  The objective of this assignment was  to deny the enemy ambushers and snipers the protective cover of the lush jungles.

On February 26, 1967, waves of Vietcong, attacked Company A's position, blowing whistles and laying down deadly automatic weapons fire. The Vietcong, who penetrated the barbed wire perimeter, hurled grenades towards the command bunker. Yabes ran inside the bunker and covered its occupants with his body, all the while receiving wounds from numerous grenade fragments. Yabes then moved to another bunker and with a grenade launcher fired upon the enemy, halting a further penetration of the perimeter. Yabes then assisted two fallen comrades before he noticed an enemy machinegun within the perimeter which threatened the whole position.  Yabes then proceeded to attack the enemy machine gun crew.  He was able to kill the entire crew before falling mortally wounded. 24 American soldiers and over 113 Vietcong were killed in the attack.

Secretary of the Army, Stanley Resor, presented Yabes' wife and children with the Medal of Honor in a ceremony held at the Pentagon in October 1968.

Medal of Honor citation

Citation:
For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. 1st Sgt. Yabes distinguished himself with Company A, which was providing security for a land clearing operation. Early in the morning the company suddenly came under intense automatic weapons and mortar fire followed by a battalion sized assault from 3 sides. Penetrating the defensive perimeter the enemy advanced on the company command post bunker. The command post received increasingly heavy fire and was in danger of being overwhelmed. When several enemy grenades landed within the command post, 1st Sgt. Yabes shouted a warning and used his body as a shield to protect others in the bunker. Although painfully wounded by numerous grenade fragments, and despite the vicious enemy fire on the bunker, he remained there to provide covering fire and enable the others in the command group to relocate. When the command group had reached a new position, 1st Sgt. Yabes moved through a withering hail of enemy fire to another bunker 50 meters away. There he secured a grenade launcher from a fallen comrade and fired point blank into the attacking Viet Cong stopping further penetration of the perimeter. Noting 2 wounded men helpless in the fire swept area, he moved them to a safer position where they could be given medical treatment. He resumed his accurate and effective fire killing several enemy soldiers and forcing others to withdraw from the vicinity of the command post. As the battle continued, he observed an enemy machinegun within the perimeter which threatened the whole position. On his own, he dashed across the exposed area, assaulted the machinegun, killed the crew, destroyed the weapon, and fell mortally wounded. 1st Sgt. Yabes' valiant and selfless actions saved the lives of many of his fellow soldiers and inspired his comrades to effectively repel the enemy assault. His indomitable fighting spirit, extraordinary courage and intrepidity at the cost of his life are in the highest military traditions and reflect great credit upon himself and the Armed Forces of his country.

Honors
First Sergeant Maximo Yabes was buried with full military honors at Fort Logan National Cemetery in Denver, Colorado.

Dozens of individuals, businesses and organizations in Oakridge, Oregon, donated time, money, labor and supplies to build a memorial to honor Yabes. They hired sculptor Tim Outman to create the memorial which features a fountain, a flag pole and a bronze bust with the likeness of Yabes set on a granite pedestal. Engraved on the base are the details of Yabes' Medal of Honor exploits. The memorial is located in Oakridge in the Greenwaters Park.  Greenwaters Park is located on the east side of Oakridge, south of highway 58.  The city of El Paso, Texas also honored Yabes by naming an avenue after him.  His name can be found on panel 15E, line 102 of the Vietnam Memorial Wall in Washington, D.C.

Awards and recognitions
Among Maximo Yabes' decorations and medals were the following:

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Vietnam War
Hispanic Medal of Honor recipients

Notes

Further reading
References to First Sergeant Maximo Yabes exploits can be found in the following books:

External links

1932 births
1967 deaths
American military personnel killed in the Vietnam War
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
American people of Mexican descent
United States Army non-commissioned officers
People from Oakridge, Oregon
People from Lodi, California
Vietnam War recipients of the Medal of Honor
Burials at Fort Logan National Cemetery
United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War


text:
Sojuz 38  byla kosmická loď SSSR z roku 1980, která dopravila na sovětskou orbitální stanici Saljut 6 mezinárodní rusko/kubánskou posádku. Podle katalogu COSPAR dostala označení 1980-075A. Byl to 74. registrovaný let kosmické lodě s lidmi na palubě ze Země. Jejím volacím znakem byl TAJMYR.

Posádka
Dvoučlennou posádku, sedmou mezinárodní v rámci programu Interkosmos tvořili tito kosmonauti:
  Jurij Romaněnko, Rus, 36 roků, druhý let
  Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez z Kuby, 38 roků, první, zároveň poslední let

Průběh letu

Start
Loď odstartovala 18. září 1980 večer z kosmodromu Bajkonur s pomocí rakety Sojuz U. Start se vydařil, loď se dostala na orbitu 195 – 287 km, bez problémů fungoval i zapnutý systém automatického přibližování. K pevnému připojení na zadní spojovací uzel stanice došlo večer 19. září 1980 a krátce po půlnoci SEČ oba kosmonauti přešli do Saljutu 6.
Zde se setkali se čtvrtou základní posádkou stanice, kosmonauty Leonidem Popovem a Valerijem Rjuminem, kteří zde sloužili již téměř půl roku.

V době jejich příletu měla za sebou stanice 3 roky existence na oběžné dráze Země. U jejího předního uzlu byla připojena loď Sojuz 37, se kterou přiletěla předchozí návštěva s kosmonauty Gorbatkem a Pham Tuanem. Ta odletěla v lodi jiné, Sojuzu 36 a svou loď zanechala zde pro potřeby stálé posádky.

Práce na stanici
Mezinárodní návštěva na stanici strávila sedm pracovních dní a během nich provedla celá čtveřice 22 sovětsko-kubánských experimentů různého charakteru. Názvy některých z nich: Cortex, Vision, Balance, Immunidad, Antropometria.

Potom si posádka Sojuzu 38 do své lodi přenesla osobní věci i výsledky experimentů.

Odlet domů
Romaněnko s Méndezem nastoupili 26. září 1980 do své lodě, po několika hodinách se od stanice odpojili a zahájili sestupný manévr. Oddělená kabina s pomocí padákového systému přistála téhož dne asi 175 km od Džeskazganu na území Kazachstánu.

Stanice Saljut 6 zůstala na oběžné dráze Země i se svou stálou posádkou.

Konstrukce Sojuzu
Udaná startovací hmotnost byla 6800 kg vč.200 kg paliva pro manévrování a brzdění. Loď se obdobně jako ostatní lodě Sojuz skládala ze tří částí, kulovité orbitální sekce, návratové kabiny a sekce přístrojové. Měla namontováno spojovací zařízení a padákový systém.

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy

 Web Kosmo
 Web Space

Pilotované lety programu Sojuz
Kosmonautika v roce 1980


text:
Arthur von Hippel (ur. 24 października 1841 w Fischhausen, zm. 26 października 1916 w Getyndze) – niemiecki lekarz okulista, ojciec Eugena von Hippla.

Studiował medycynę na uniwersytetach w Królewcu, Monachium i Berlinie, gdzie otrzymał tytuł doktora nauk medycznych w 1864. Specjalizował się w Pradze, po czym został lekarzem asystentem w Królewcu. w 1879 profesor zwyczajny oftalmologii na Uniwersytecie w Gießen, od 1890 z powrotem w Królewcu. W 1892 otrzymał katedrę na Uniwersytecie w Halle, a w 1901 na Uniwersytecie w Getyndze, gdzie został też dyrektorem nowo utworzonej kliniki ocznej. W 1914 przeszedł na emeryturę.

Arthur von Hippel zajmował się ciśnieniem śródgałkowym, zaburzeniami percepcji barw i krótkowzrocznością. Jest też pamiętany za pionierskie prace dotyczące przeszczepu rogówki – wynalazł specjalny trepan do zabiegów na rogówce.

Linki zewnętrzne
 Catalogus Professorum Halensis

Absolwenci i studenci Uniwersytetu Albrechta w Królewcu
Niemieccy okuliści
Urodzeni w 1841
Zmarli w 1916


text:
Paul Sellew (born 1957) has built a career on his belief in sustainable agriculture. He is the founder and CEO of Little Leaf Farms.

Early life

His first job on his family's nursery paved the way for Sellew's later career path in greenhouse horticulture. While working on the farm, Sellew's first company Earthgro  was inspired by an abundance of organic waste from nearby farms and turning these resources into high quality growing media. He also played professional basketball in Europe and South America for three years.

Career

Three years after graduating from the Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Sellew founded Earthgro, Inc. in 1983. Sellew has also founded and led environmentally conscious companies such as International Process Systems, Environmental Credit Corp., Backyard Farms, and Harvest Power.  Sellew has served on the Board of Directors for the US Composting Council.

In 2015, Sellew founded Little Leaf Farms in Devens, Massachusetts. Built around employing high tech hydroponic greenhouse technology Little Leaf Farms grows millions of pounds of leafy greens each year using rainwater for irrigation, natural sunlight, and producing a product free of chemical pesticides, herbicides and fungicides. Little Leaf Farms now operates greenhouses in both Devens, Massachusetts and McAdoo, Pennsylvania

References

1957 births
Living people
Cornell University alumni


text:
Marka församling var en församling i Skara stift och i Falköpings kommun. Församlingen uppgick 2010 i Mössebergs församling.

Administrativ historik
Församlingen har medeltida ursprung.

Församlingen var till senast 1998 annexförsamling i pastoratet Gökhem, Marka och Sörby som från 1962 även omfattade Vilske-Kleva och Ullene församlingar. Åtminstone från 1998 till 2010 ingick församlingen i Falköpings pastorat. Församlingen uppgick 2010 i Mössebergs församling.

Kyrkor

Marka kyrka

Se även
Marka socken

Källor

Historiska församlingar i Skara stift
Indelningar i Falköpings kommun


text:
Campoplex horstmanniator är en stekelart som beskrevs av Aubert 1977. Campoplex horstmanniator ingår i släktet Campoplex och familjen brokparasitsteklar. Inga underarter finns listade.

Källor

Brokparasitsteklar
horstmanniator


text:
Театральний сквер (називався раніше Олександрівською площею, пізніше — Площею Свободи, Центральним сквером) — сквер у місті Маріуполі, східніше Донецького академічного обласного українського драматичного театру, з усіх боків оточений проїзною частиною проспекту Миру.

На територію скверу розташовані фонтан, дитячий майданчик; наявні декілька видів акацій і кленів, в'язи, кримські сосни, блакитні ялини, ялівець козацький, спірея, вічнозелений самшит, колюча гледичія, берези, липи, дуби, бузок і шовковиця та багато інших рослин.

Історія

Територія сучасного скверу була залишена спеціально незабудованою ще з часів заснування міста. Причиною слугувало те, що стара Марії-Магдалинівська церква була в кепському стані і дуже малою, тому існувала необхідність для виділення місця для будівництва нової. У 1862 році тут була закладена велика трьохпрестольна церква Святої Марії Магдалини, Святого Іоанна Хрестителя і Покрова Пресвятої Богородиці. Церква добудована і освячена лише 1897 року. Побудований храм можна було побачити далеко з моря і служив він своєрідним маяком для рибалок і моряків; підірваний радянською владою в середині 1930-х років.

У 1897 році міська дума Маріуполя прийняла постанову про обов'язкове озеленення вулиць і площ міста. Тоді ж на території майбутнього скверу з'явились перші саджанці акації, грабу, ясену і бузку. Більшість із них не дожили до наших часів, проте, на думку О. А. Шакули, могутній в'яз в південній частині скверу належить до першої посадки.

На початку 20 століття в центрі скверу був облаштований фонтан, що являв собою чашу із скульптурною групою з двох хлопчиків, які прикривали трубу, з якої вверх підносився струмінь води. Під чашею були розміщені бронзові фігури чотирьох жінок, що уособлювали пори року. Бронзові фігури і сама чаша зникли на другий день після окупації міста фашистами 9 жовтня 1941 року.

У сквері над братською могилою покладений пам'ятник бійцям за радянську владу, що загинули в 1920-му році в боях з білогвардійцями. З цієї могили сквер почав поступово перетворюватись на кладовище. Німці, щойно захопивши Маріуполь, у сквері з почестями поховали червоноармійця, який загинув в бою при захисті міста, демонструючи тим повагу до героїзму ворога. Пізніше окупанти почали тут ховати своїх солдатів і офіцерів, які померли від ран і хвороб у госпіталях, які були розташовані в маріупольських лікарнях і школах. Через короткий час у північній частині скверу утворилося ціле кладовище зі стрункими рядами чавунних хрестів. Після відвоювання міста у вересні 1943 року хрести були відправлені на переплавлення, а могили зрівняли із землею.

Наприкінці вересня того ж року в сквері знову відбулися похорони. Цього разу ховали Героя Радянського Союзу Володимира Григоровича Семенишина, який загинув у бою 29 вересня. У березні 1944 року його прах був перенесений у Міськсад, де знайшов свій вічний покій поруч із Героєм Радянського Союзу М. Ю. Лавицьким.

Після закінчення війни на залишках фундаменту Марії-Магдалинівської церкви був побудований круглий  павільйон, який об'єднував кілька торговельних ларьків. Тут продавалися цигарки, тістечка, морозиво, газована вода, пиво тощо.

У 1948 році біля східного входу до скверу була встановлена бетонна фігура Андрія Жданова з піднятою рукою. Із часом монумент почав руйнуватися і в 1960-х роках його місце зайняло гранітне погруддя Жданова, демонтоване у 1989 році під тиском громадськості міста.

Майже одночасно з появою пам'ятника Жданову вхід у сквер із протилежного боку був прикрашений аркою, фото якої було розтиражоване на поштових листівках.

На початку 1950-х років частину скверу за аркою обнесли дощатим парканом; знесли круглий павільйон, і почали рити великий котлован для будівлі театру. До весни 1960 року театр був зведений, останнім штрихом було руйнування арки. Восени того ж року стіни театру були облицьовані білим кримським пісковиком, а 2 листопада відбулося його відкриття.

2000-і

За ініціативою міського голови Юрія Хотлубея і за допомогою ММК імені Ілліча сквер отримав новий вигляд. Пішохідні доріжки і ділянки, не зайняті рослинністю, прикрасили візерунковим покриттям, у центрі скверу встановили фонтан, струмені якого у вечірній час підсвітлюються, змінючими свій колір, ліхтарями.

У сквері розташований меморіал жертвам голодомору та політичних репресій, біля якого щорічно грецька громада міста проводить мітинг-реквієм по загиблим співвітчизникам, жертвам політичних репресій 1937—1938 років.

29 травня 2010 року на території скверу представниками дипломатичних місій 18-ти країн членів Євросоюзу в рамках святкування Дня Європи був закладений Європейський куточок, про що свідчить пам'ятний камінь.

У 2018 була проведена повна капітальна реконструкція.

Примітки

Література
 Буров С. Д.. «Маріуполь. Минуле». Маріуполь. ЗАТ Газета «Приазовский рабочий». 2003. стор. 18—23. ISBN 966-8208-06-04

Парки Маріуполя
Центральний район (Маріуполь)


text:
Sługa Ludu () – ukraińska partia polityczna założona 2 grudnia 2017 roku przez Wołodymyra Zełenskiego. Partia jest sukcesorem Partii Decydujących Zmian (ukr. ). Partia ma taką samą ukraińską nazwę, jak serial Sługa ludu, w którym główną rolę zagrał Zełenski.

Historia
Pierwszym przewodniczącym partii był Iwan Bakanow, w maju 2019 funkcję tę objął Dmytro Razumkow, w listopadzie 2019 – Ołeksandr Kornijenko.

W wyniku przeprowadzonych w marcu i kwietniu 2019 wyborach prezydenckich kandydat partii Wołodymyr Zełenski zdobył w pierwszej turze 5 714 034 głosów (30,24%), przechodząc wraz z dotychczasowym prezydentem Ukrainy, Petrem Poroszenko, do drugiej tury. Zdobył w niej 13 541 528 głosów (73,22%), tym samym został nowym prezydentem Ukrainy.

W wyborach parlamentarnych w 2019 ugrupowanie zdobyło 254 mandaty i jako pierwsze ugrupowanie po 1991, wywalczyło większość bezwzględną w ukraińskim parlamencie.

Program
W programie wyborczym do wyborów parlamentarnych w 2019 r. przedstawia szereg propozycji dotyczących demokracji bezpośredniej, walki z korupcją, otwarciem się na zagranicznych, ukraińskich inwestorów oraz wprowadzeniem "mechanizmu wycofywania posłów, którzy stracili zaufanie wyborców". Partia zobowiązała się również do rozszerzenia współpracy Ukrainy z Unią Europejską i NATO.

Rusłan Stefanczuk, przedstawiciel Zełenskiego w Radzie Najwyższej, ogłosił, że partia wybrała libertarianizm jako swoją podstawową ideologię. 10 listopada 2019 roku nowy lider partii, Ołeksandr Kornijenko, oświadczył, że ideologia partii zostanie zmodyfikowana i że nowym kierunkiem ruchu stanie się coś "pomiędzy liberalizmem a socjalizmem". 13 listopada Dawid Arachamia, wiceprezes partii Sługa Ludu, wyróżnił dwie frakcje w swojej partii: socjalliberalną i libertariańską. W przeddzień wywiadu dla Liga.net Arachamia powiedział, że zmiana ideologicznej orientacji z libertarianizmu na socjalliberalizm była konsekwencją orientacji na masowego wyborcę. 2 lutego 2020 lider partii określił pozycję polityczną Sługi Ludu jako "aktywny centryzm".

Wyniki wyborów

Wybory prezydenckie

Wybory parlamentarne

Uwagi

Przypisy

Partie i ugrupowania na Ukrainie
Wołodymyr Zełenski


text:
Sepultura hace referencia a varios artículos:

 Sepultura, lugar donde se deposita o entierra un cadáver (sinónimo de sepulcro);
 Sepultura de Cristo, lugares propuestos como lugar de enterramiento (sepulcro, tumba o sepultura) de Jesucristo;
 Sepultura de corredor o tumba de corredor, enterramiento megalítico del Neolítico;
 Sepultura (carnero), se usa como sinónimo de fosa común y también de sepulcro.
 Sepulturas de la catedral de San Esteban de Viena, conjunto arqueológico en Viena;
 Sepultura (banda), grupo musical;


text:
Ditmar Jakobs (Oberhausen, 28 augustus 1953) is een (West-)Duits voormalig voetballer die speelde als verdediger.

Carrière
Jakobs maakte zijn debuut voor Rot-Weiß Oberhausen in 1971 en speelde er vier seizoenen en trok toen naar TeBe Berlin. Hij speelde er drie seizoenen en vertrok toen naar MSV Duisburg waar hij twee seizoenen speelde. Vanaf dan tot aan zijn zware blessure die een einde maakte aan zijn carrière speelde hij voor Hamburger SV. De blessure liep hij op door met zijn been te blijven hangen aan een haak die het net op zijn plaats houden, de haak drong diep in zijn been en raakte een paar zenuwen. Daardoor moest hij stoppen met spelen, hij had geluk want een beetje dieper en zijn zenuwen waren definitief over.

Hij speelde 20 interlands voor West-Duitsland waarin hij een keer kon scoren. Hij nam met de West-Duitse ploeg deel aan het WK voetbal 1986.

Erelijst
 Hamburger SV
 Europacup I: 1983
 DFB-Pokal: 1987
 Bundesliga: 1982, 1983

Duits voetballer


text:
Ethel Cooke (Fabens, Texas. 28 de octubre de 1960) es una pintora de nacionalidad estadounidense y nicaragüense que radica en Hermosillo, Sonora. Su obra tiende al experimentalismo, presentándose en múltiples formatos y espacios.

Biografía
Hija de padre estadounidense y madre nicaragüense, Ethel Cooke se muestra desde temprana edad interesada en cine y arte. En 1983 se forma en la facultad de Artes Plásticas de la Tompkins Cortland Community College. Para 1985 se inscribe a los talleres de escultura en la Universidad de Sonora. Su carrera se formaliza al incorporarse a la Asociación Sonorense de Artes Plásticas a los 26 años para convertirse en presidenta del mismo en 1992. Al año 1995 representa al Estado de Sonora en un intercambio cultural con Italia. Al año siguiente obtuvo el premio de adquisición del Concurso Estatal de Artes Plásticas.

Ethel Cooke ha creado murales públicos, esculturas, dibujo y poesía. Ha participado en teatro, escenografía y diseño de vestuario. Es acreedora reconocimientos y fondos gubernamentales. Cuenta exposiciones colectivas e individuales en Estados Unidos, México y  Europa. Resultó becaria de FECAS con el proyecto de "Intervención urbana" y PACMYC con obra mural en el Museo de Culturas Populares e Indígenas de Sonora. Además de su docencia en pintura y dibujo experimental, también fungió como educadora de apreciación del arte a nivel primaria, preparatoria y Universidad.

Distinciones
 Primer lugar en el Concurso Estatal de Artes Plásticas, Sonora 1996.
 Intercambio Cultural Eusebio Francisco Kino, Sonora-Italia en 1995.

Obra
Desde 1985 se desenvuelve pintura también grabado, instalación, escultura y muralismo, siendo su enfoque principal la primera.

Exhibiciones
 "Indígenas" (Dryden, Nueva York, 1985)
 "Introspectiva en Azul" (Hermosillo, 1992)
 "Intentos" (Hermosillo, 1994)
 Yo Miocardio me Confieso" (Taxco, Guerrero, 1995)
 Fariseos I" (Trento, Italia, 1995)
 Verdad o Penitencia" (Hermosillo y Guaymas, 1996)
 "Luna Roja" (México, DF, 1997)
 "Fariseos II" (Hermosillo, 1997)
 Sudarios y Gestaciones (México, DF 2013)
 Resetting (Cd. Obregón, 2015)

Murales
 Guardianes del tiempo, junto con Fernando Saldaña en el Palacio de Gobierno de Sonora.
 En el Museo de Culturas Populares, de Hermosillo, Sonora.
 Murales urbanos en el Banco de Ropa.

Otras participaciones
 Jurado del quinto certamen estatal de dibujo "Ponle color a la democracia" 2011.

Referencias

Pintores de Sonora
Emigrantes estadounidenses hacia México


text:
In monetary economics, the currency in circulation in a country is the value of
currency or cash (banknotes and coins) that has ever been issued by the country's monetary authority less the amount that has been removed. More broadly, money in circulation is the total money supply of a country, which can be defined in various ways, but always includes currency and also some types of bank deposits, such as deposits at call.

The published amount of currency in circulation tends to be overstated by an unknown amount because it does not take into account money that has been destroyed, or held by individuals as a form of security (the proverbial "money under the mattress"), or by coin collectors, domestic or foreign, or which is held in reserve within the banking system, including currency held by foreign central banks as a foreign exchange reserve asset.

Domestic demand for currency
The currency in circulation in a country is based on the need or demand for cash in the community. The monetary authority of each country (or currency zone) is responsible for ensuring there is enough money in circulation to meet the commercial needs of the economy, and releases additional notes and coins when there is a demand for them.

Banks would routinely or exceptionally order cash from the monetary authority to meet anticipated demand, and keep it in reserve in the bank. (The banking regulator would typically determine the banks' reserve requirements, including the minimum proportion of a bank's assets that banks must hold in cash.) When banks no longer believe they need as much cash in reserve they would return the cash to the monetary authority. Subject to directives from the regulator, banks tend to keep their cash reserves as low as is prudently necessary, as banks do not earn interest on it, and incur a cost to keep it securely. (The amount taken out of reserve is available for lending, at interest.) The amount of money needed to be at call varies because of a number of factors. For example, in many countries there is a higher demand at Christmas time when commercial activity is highest. Also, when workers were paid in cash, there was a higher demand for pay-day. There may also be sudden, unexpected surges in demand for cash by individuals during economic panics, which may result in a "run on the bank" as individuals seek to withdraw money from bank accounts. Cash held by banks is counted as part of the currency in circulation.

Cash that is in the hands of individuals and businesses in the community may be needed for routine or exceptional purchases or held in reserve. Nowadays, a large part of everyday transactions is effected using electronic funds transfers, without the use of cash. When a business makes a cash sale, it will keep the cash it receives until it pays it to someone else or deposits it into a bank account, keeping part of it in its "float", in order to give change to customers. A significant part of the cash in circulation is used by and held within the black economy.

Foreign currency reserves

Central banks of many countries hold currency of another country in their foreign exchange reserves, which can include banknotes, deposits, bonds, treasury bills and other government securities. The cash component is counted by the issuing central bank as part of its currency in circulation.

History

Total currency in circulation
In 1990, total currency in circulation in the world passed the equivalent of one trillion United States dollars. After 12 years, in 2002 this figure was two trillion USD, and in 2008 it had increased to four trillion USD. (These figures do not make allowance for inflation or population changes.)

The Bank for International Settlements provides detailed statistics of the worth of banknotes and coins for 18 major currencies used by the member states of the Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI). The table below shows the statistics as of 31 December 2016 in billions of US dollars using the exchange rate at the end of the year. The total value is $4,687 billion.

See also

Business strike - coins intended for circulation (as opposed to commemorative and bullion coins)
Coining
Counterfeit money
List of circulating currencies
Velocity of money

References

Currency


text:
Kharashah (, also Romanized as Kharāshāh, Khorāshā, and Khorāshāh; also known as Khorāshān and Eslāmābād) is a village in Chahardeh Sankhvast Rural District, Jolgeh Sankhvast District, Jajrom County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 655, in 196 families.

References

Populated places in Jajrom County


text:
Il distretto di Nong Wua So (in : หนองวัวซอ) è un distretto (amphoe) della Thailandia, situato nella provincia di Udon Thani.

Altri progetti

Nong Wua So


text:
Kronojord kallades den mark som tillhörde Kronan, alltså staten. Villkoren för jakt, bosättning och skattevillkor reglerades av staten och den kronojord som förblev i statlig ägo kom småningom att omvandlas till de marker som förvaltas av dagens Sveaskog.

Bosättare på kronojord, på ett så kallat kronohemman, hade i regel åborätt och kallades kronobönder. Åborätt innebar en ärftlig arrenderätt på ett kronohemman (ungefär en rätt att hyra ett hemman).

Genom Gustav III och Förenings- och säkerhetsakten fick ofrälse rätt att köpa kronojord (och frälsejord) efter Riksdagen 1789.

Historiska områden
Malingsbo-Klotensområdets 100-åriga historia som kungajaktsområde i Bergslagen grundar sig i att området var kronojord.

Gustav Vasa såg till att all orörd mark automatiskt skulle ses som kronojord, så att fiskerätt, gruvdrift med mera i sådana områden skulle bli kronans.

Svedjefinnarnas etablering på 1600-talet i orörda skogsområden skedde som regel på kronojordar, där bevakningen av vad som hände inte var lika omfattande som de marker där ägaren fanns närvarande. En av anledningarna till etableringen var att Karl IX bjöd in dem dit mot tillfällig skattefrihet för att få mer inkomster till kronan från skattebönder och kronobönder på skattehemman respektive kronohemman.

Se även
 Frälsejord
 Skattejord
 Jordägande
 Avvittring
 Bördsrätt

Svenska staten
Sveriges ekonomiska historia
Sveriges agrarhistoria


text:
Wasselonne is een gemeente in het Franse departement Bas-Rhin (regio Grand Est) en telt 5542 inwoners (1999). De plaats maakt deel uit van het arrondissement Molsheim.

Geografie
De oppervlakte van Wasselonne bedraagt 15,0 km², de bevolkingsdichtheid is 369,5 inwoners per km².

Demografie
Onderstaande figuur toont het verloop van het inwonertal (bron: INSEE-tellingen).

Externe links

Gemeente in Bas-Rhin


text:
Kårberg är en småort i Askersunds kommun belägen i Snavlunda socken cirka 3 km från Skyllberg vid riksväg 50.

Samhället ligger mellan Östersjön (108 m ö.h.) och Fågelsjön (102 m ö.h.) och tillhör Åmmelångens avrinningsområde mot Vättern.

Noter

Se även
 Snavlunda socken

Litteratur
 Fogelberg, Lennart; Kårbergs Hammare 350 år 1638—1988, Snavlunda, Snavlunda hembygdsförening, 1990, BURK-nummer 1620812

Orter i Askersunds kommun
Svenska järnbruk
Småorter i Sverige


text:
Route 386 is a road in Israel that runs from Tzur Hadassah to Jerusalem.

Route

The route begins as a two-lane undivided road in the Judean Mountains at 730 meters above sea level at Tzur Hadassah Junction with Route 375. It travels west-northwest for 2 km. passing Moshav Bar Giora and Nes Harim Junction with Road 3866 where it turns eastward for 1.2 km. and negotiates a hairpin turn. The road then begins a long winding descent, first west, then north, then east, skirting around the west side of the Har Giora Nature Reserve offering scenic views as it descends into the Sorek Valley. At its lowest point of 550 meters, the road passes Jerusalem's largest sewage treatment facility (Sorek).

It then begins a slow northeasterly ascent as it passes Jerusalem's main electrical substation (Sapir Station) and the Sataf Spring Nature Reserve. Turning more easterly, it enters Jerusalem just before passing below Hadassah Hospital and intersects with Route 395 at Kerem Junction. It continues its ascent via Ein Kerem Street through the neighborhood of Ein Kerem travelling southeast, then north, then east until Holland Square adjacent to the Bayit VeGan neighborhood. From this point, Route 386 becomes a boulevard with traffic light controlled intersections.

The road continues northeasterly as Sderot Herzl (Herzl Boulevard), also known as Tzir Herzl (Herzl Axis), the major north-south route on the west side of the city. Along this portion of the route, tracks were laid for the Jerusalem Light Rail, which began operation in August 2011. The road passes Yad Vashem, the Mount Herzl National Cemetery and Sha'arei Tzedek Medical Center. Between Molikovsky Square at Shmuel Beyth Street and Haft Square at HeHalutz Street, northbound traffic may continue through Beit HaKerem along Herzl Boulevard. Southbound traffic, however, is shunted 0.2 km. west along the parallel Mordechai Ish Shalom Street.

After Haft Square, the road travels between the neighborhoods of Kiryat Moshe and Kiryat HaLeom, passing nearby the Kiryat Moshe Interchange of Highway 50 (Begin Expressway). It ends at 800 meters above sea level at Shazar Boulevard at the main western entrance to Jerusalem at the base of the Jerusalem Chords Bridge and the Binyanei HaUma Convention Center.

Junctions

References

386
386


text:
Linsula est le nom donné à une forme d'habitat urbain durant l'Antiquité romaine.

Insula, un terme, de multiples significations
Le sens du mot insula a connu plusieurs évolutions avant de désigner l'« immeuble d'habitation ». De l'étymologie « île » (au milieu de l'eau), on passe à la notion de « parcelle de terrain isolée par des rues » (vici) puis au sens plus précis de « propriété foncière avec des habitations collectives » (par analogie au nom du terrain). Une insula est donc un immeuble d'habitation collectif, apparu tôt dans l'urbanisme de Rome et qui s'y est largement développé.

Dans de nombreux ouvrages, l'insula est un édifice ou un groupe d'édifices délimité par une voie (ambitus) permettant d'en faire le tour.

À cette signification viennent s'en ajouter d'autres ce qui prouve les maints sens du terme.
 « À la fin de la République », pour Cicéron, « insula » a toujours le sens de propriété immobilière que l'on peut louer ou vendre, l'un de ses amis, Marcus Caelius Rufus habitait dans une insula entendue au sens de « bâtiment divisé en appartements de location ».
 À partir du milieu du , la notion d'insula prend le sens d'un édifice divisé en appartements à louer, à des fins rentières, et mis en opposition avec le terme domus qui ne sert qu'à désigner la demeure patronale.
 Les auteurs d'époque impériale continuent d'utiliser le mot insula pour traduire deux réalités : l'îlot et l'immeuble divisé en appartements de location.

Souvent, dans les cas où l'on mentionne les insulae, apparaît l'opposition canonique domus/insula.

Dans les textes juridiques du Bas-Empire romain, le sens d'insula n'est pas équivoque : il s'agit avant tout d'une entité cadastrale, c'est-à-dire fiscale, d'un complexe immobilier d'une certaine dimension formant une propriété unique divisible en sections de taille variable pouvant être louées ou transmises par héritage.

Les insulae sont des blocs architecturalement unitaires mais qui comportent des parties ou portions dont l'extension, les fonctions et la destination peuvent être assez diverses. La distinction insula/domus résulte d'autres passages des textes :  Les différentes parties sont louées à des locataires sous contrat (locatio conductio).

Dans tous ces cas, le terme « insula » ne peut donc pas correspondre à la définition d'un îlot urbain entier. Pendant tout l'Empire, les immeubles de rapport qui, comme on l'a vu, peuvent être qualifiés d'insula, à condition d'en garder à l'esprit les définitions spatiales et juridiques, ne cessèrent de se multiplier.

Archéologie
Les insulae les mieux conservées se trouvent à Rome, au pied du Capitole, et à Ostie.

Histoire

Les insulae sont des structures d'habitation qui apparaissent à la fin du ,  qui atteignaient jusqu'à sept étages selon Pline l'Ancien. Elles se multiplient durant toute la fin de la période républicaine pour devenir une caractéristique du centre urbain de Rome au début de l'Empire romain. Elles sont initialement construites en matériaux légers (pisé ou torchis et bois), plus tard transformées en briques recouvertes si possible d'un enduit, le plâtre.

L'apparition de ces bâtiments
La multiplication du nombre dinsulae dans Rome est due en premier lieu à l'augmentation de la population romaine. Le nombre d'habitants de Rome a en effet été en constante augmentation durant les premiers siècles de l'histoire de la ville, d'une part parce que le taux d'accroissement de la population était exponentiel, d'autre part en raison de phénomènes politiques et économiques comme les lois frumentaires du , la naturalisation de l'Italie ou encore la Pax Romana instaurée par Auguste, et l'extension de l'Empire, qui ont entraîné une hausse de l'immigration.

Ce surcroît de population s'est peu à peu concentré dans le centre urbain de la capitale, et il a fallu loger les nouveaux venus toujours plus nombreux.

D'autre part, si l'on admet que la cité s'étendait sur une superficie de  (), au début de l'Empire, il s'agit d'une surface insuffisante pour loger une population estimée à  d'habitants (soit  au km, trois fois plus que Paris) d'autant plus que tous les secteurs n'étaient pas propices à la construction d'habitations. Il faut en effet exclure en grande majorité tous les lieux réservés aux édifices publics, notamment le Forum, la zone comprise dans le lit du Tibre, trop marécageuse pour être aménagée, toutes les zones de jardins, le Champ de Mars dont les  sont inconstructibles (en tout cas pour tout ce qui concerne l'habitat) par respect pour les dieux.

À partir de l'époque augustéenne, la colline du Palatin devient le domaine réservé de l'empereur et de sa famille. La pression née du besoin d'espace crée donc la nécessité de trouver de nouvelles solutions. En outre, la ville ne peut se développer en largeur. Il est inutile de construire trop à distance du centre social et religieux, car les déplacements sont limités compte tenu de l'inexistence de moyens de transports efficaces. La seule possibilité est donc de construire en hauteur.

Sous Constantin , Rome compte  pour .

Les différents types dinsulae
Sur le plan architectural, on peut distinguer trois grandes catégories dinsulae, bien que la classification reste assez générale et qu'il existe certainement un plus grand nombre de solutions.

Des insulae à tabernae
Dans ces insulae, le rez-de-chaussée est constitué de tabernae (boutiques) et les étages supérieurs sont des appartements loués de façon indépendante. C'est le modèle le plus anciennement attesté et le plus commun. Dans les tabernae, des escaliers mènent à un réduit qui sert de domicile au négociant qui n'est que très rarement propriétaire de la boutique dans laquelle il travaille. Dans tous les cas, qu'il soit travailleur libre ou esclave, le locataire de la boutique n'avait à sa disposition qu'une pièce où toute sa famille vivait, cuisinait, mangeait et dormait. Ces mezzanines n'offraient que peu d'intimité et aucun confort, l'espace dont disposait ses habitants était extrêmement réduit. Une insula de ce genre comporte souvent autant d'entrées que d'unités d'habitation à l'intérieur. On trouve donc en général deux ou trois portes desservant le premier, deuxième et troisième étage.

Les insulae étaient surtout habitées par des personnes de plus basses catégories que ceux qui habitaient dans les domus.

Les insulae sans tabernae
Le second type de bâtiment est représenté par les insulae entièrement constituées d'appartements à louer.

Ce genre dinsulae était beaucoup moins répandu, car les boutiques étaient indispensables à l'économie de la ville. Dans ce cas, le rez-de-chaussée n'est plus réservé aux boutiques mais à des locations privées, ce qui explique que les premières fenêtres soient placées à deux mètres du sol : c'était le seul moyen de préserver l'intimité de ses occupants. Le rez-de-chaussée des immeubles de ce genre était souvent luxueux et occupé par un unique propriétaire. Seules les personnes riches pouvaient se permettre ce type de location dont le prix pouvait atteindre jusqu'à  par an.

Ces appartements avaient le prestige et les avantages d'une maison seigneuriale, et ils sont d'ailleurs désignés sous le nom de domus en opposition aux cenaculae des étages supérieurs.

Les insulae à portique
Le dernier type dinsulae tire sa particularité du fait qu'il est ceint d'un portique. Ce modèle de construction n'est apparu qu'après l'incendie de Rome sous Néron (64). Le but de ces portiques était, si l'on en croit Suétone, de limiter la propagation des feux. Cet appendice qui se greffe sur les façades protégeait les piétons qui faisaient leurs achats dans les tabernae d'éventuelles chutes d'objets, et il constituait une base solide pour la construction de terrasses (solaria).

Vues de l'extérieur, toutes ces insulae présentaient une ressemblance : les étages étaient généralement distribués de manière symétrique, des escaliers permettant d'accéder aux étages supérieurs.  d'édifices, l'accès aux étages les plus élevés se faisait par le biais d'échelles . Les appartements donnant sur les rues les plus larges étaient pourvus de loggias (pergulae) ou de balcons de bois (maenianae), dont on retrouve parfois les poutrelles de soutien encastrées dans les murs. Il arrivait qu'ils soient construits en brique, et reposent sur une série de voûtes en berceau soutenues par de grandes poutres de travertin.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 . Notes de lecture de .
 , Ad summas tegulas. Untersuchungen zu vielgeschossigen Gebäudeblöcken mit Wohneinheiten und insulae im kaiserzeitlichen Rom, Rome, L'Erma Di Bretschneider, 2002.

Articles connexes

 Domus
 Honestiores et humiliores
 Société romaine

Liens externes
 .

Architecture romaine antique
Habitation de la Rome antique
Morphologie urbaine
Histoire urbaine


text:
The office of King's Counsel was established in New Zealand in 1907. During the reign of a male sovereign, appointees are called King's Counsel, and this applied from 1907 to 1952 during the reign of Edward VII (1907–1910), George V (1910–1936), Edward VIII (1936), and George VI (1936–1952). During Elizabeth II's reign (February 1952 – September 2022), new appointees were called Queen's Counsel and living King's Counsel became Queen's Counsel. Forty-three King's Counsel had been appointed before 1952. When King Charles III ascended the throne on 9 September 2022 (New Zealand Time), living Queen's Counsel became King's Counsel.

Appointments in New Zealand can be made annually by the Governor-General acting on behalf of the sovereign. Recommendations are made by the Attorney-General with concurrence by the Chief Justice. When the first ten appointments were made in June 1907 by Chief Justice Robert Stout, two were from Auckland, four were from Wellington, two were from Christchurch, and two were from Dunedin. The first King's Counsel to die was Thomas Joynt on 5 September 1907, less than three months after his appointment; Joynt had been the senior member of the bar in the country. The next round of appointments is expected in October 2022.

Of the 108 years since 1907 (as of 2015), there have been 40 years in which no appointments were made. There have been 282 warrant holders so far.

The first women appointed to the office were Sian Elias and Lowell Goddard in 1988.

List of office holders

The following is a complete list of the office holders, based on the list maintained by the Crown Law Office plus one person (Claude Weston) who, according to the Law Society, is missing on the official list. Another person who is missing from the official list is Justice Warwick Gendall, who took silk in June 1996 and was appointed to the High Court later that year.

References

Lists of office-holders in New Zealand

1907 establishments in New Zealand


text:
Pedavadlapudi is a village in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Mangalagiri mandal part of Mangalagiri Tadepalle Municipal Corporation part of Guntur revenue division.

Geography

Pedavadlapudi is situated to the southeast of the mandal headquarters, Mangalagiri, at . It is spread over an area of .

Demographics
 Census of India, the town had a population of , with 3655 households. The total population constitute,  males and females  —a sex ratio of 996 females per 1000 males. and  children, in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 535 are boys and 555 are girls. The average literacy rate stands at 73.63% with  literates, approximately equal to the state average of 67.41%.

Language and religion
About 70% are Hindus and 30% are Muslims and Christians. The official language in this village is Telugu. Other minor language is Urdu. English is used as medium language in education here.

Governance

Pedavadlapudi gram panchayat is the local self-government of the village. It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member. Pedavadlapudi is a part of Mangalagiri assembly constituency of Andhra Pradesh. The village forms a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region and is under the jurisdiction of APCRDA. The present MLA of the constituency is Alla Ramakrishna Reddy of YSR Congress Party.

After June 2021. Pedavadlapudi was merged into Mangalagiri to form Mangalagiri Tadepalle Municipal Corporation under which the village is divided into three Wards. Elections have to be held here in December 2021 as reports

Economy
Agriculture is the main occupation of the village. Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Private Limited, a bottling entity of Coca-Cola India is situated in the village. For trading and exporting of agricultural products, there exists an Agricultural Market Yard.

Transport
Tenali–Mangalagiri road passes through Pedavadlapudi and the APSRTC buses which operates from Tenali bus station to Manglagiri bus station and Vijayawada, passes through the village. Pedavadlapudi railway station is administered under Vijayawada railway division of South Coast Railway zone and is situated on the mutual line of Howrah-Chennai and New Delhi–Chennai main lines. A new third line was proposed and sanctioned which passes through this village and a new station building also was sanctioned here. A new station building and new platforms are being built in this station to upgrade it
Vijayawada International Airport is about 30 km from this village.
A new outer ring road was sanctioned which passes through this village border.

Education

As per the school information report for the academic year 2018–19, the village has a total of 14 schools. These include 8 Zilla Parishad/MPP and 6 private schools.

Almost the village's literacy rate crosses 65%. A junior college is situated in the village

See also
 List of villages in Guntur district

References

External links

Villages in Guntur district


text:
Heatherdown School, formally called Heatherdown Preparatory School, was an independent preparatory school for boys, near Ascot, in the English county of Berkshire. Set in  of grounds, it typically taught between eighty and ninety boys between the ages of seven and thirteen and closed in 1982.

The school was a leading "feeder school" for Eton College.

Heatherlea
During their first year at the school, boys attended classes in the main school building but at night returned to Heatherlea, a small house set back from the London Road near the Royal Foresters Hotel. Heatherlea typically had around eight boys and two matrons.

Railway
The school had its own miniature steam railway that ran around a substantial area of the grounds. It was set up by Henry May, who ran a garage in Ascot. The railway was used by enthusiasts from outside the school, although boys were regularly recruited as passengers and spectators. The railway had one station, a halt, a tunnel and a turntable.

Notable former pupils

The school's pupils included:
Prince Andrew, Duke of York
Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh
Andrew Russell, 15th Duke of Bedford
David Cameron, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley
Alexander Cockburn, writer
Sir Edward Fielden, pilot and Second World War hero
Giles Goschen, 4th Viscount Goschen
Bryan Guinness, 2nd Baron Moyne
Victor Hely-Hutchinson
George Mountbatten, 4th Marquess of Milford Haven
Lord Ivar Mountbatten
David Niven, actor
William Legge, 10th Earl of Dartmouth
Angus Ogilvy
James Ogilvy
John Eric Drummond, 9th Earl of Perth
Oliver Shepard
David Carnegie, 4th Duke of Fife
George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews
King Jigme Singye Wangchuck, 4th King of Bhutan

According to Francis Elliot and James Hanning's biography of David Cameron, the school was renowned for its academic and sporting excellence.

Closure
The last Headmaster of the School was James V. Edwards. After closing in 1982 for financial difficulty, the buildings were bought by the Licensed Victuallers, in order to set up a junior school. The buildings were eventually demolished in 1989 at which point the site was redeveloped to house both the LVS junior school and the senior school, which moved to Ascot from its previous location in Slough.

See also
 List of boys' schools in the United Kingdom
 Licensed Victuallers' School, now on the school site

References

History of Berkshire
Defunct schools in Bracknell Forest
Educational institutions disestablished in 1982
1982 disestablishments in England
Demolished buildings and structures in England
Buildings and structures demolished in 1989
Winkfield


text:
Bengt Forslund (born 22 June 1932) is a Swedish film producer, screenwriter and production manager. He produced and co-wrote (with Jan Troell) The Emigrants (1971), for which he was nominated for Academy Awards for both Best Picture and Writing Adapted Screenplay. At the 8th Guldbagge Awards he won the Special Achievement award.

Selected filmography
 4x4 (1965)
 The Corridor (1968)
 Made in Sweden (1969)
 The Emigrants (1971)
 Pistol (1973)
 A Handful of Love (1974)
 Gangsterfilmen (1974)
 The White Wall (1975)
 Hello Baby (1976)
 Games of Love and Loneliness (1977)

References

External links

1932 births
Living people
Swedish film producers
Swedish screenwriters
Swedish male screenwriters
Producers who won the Best Film Guldbagge Award


text:
Francisco Maestre Laborde-Bois, o Laborde-Boix, (Valencia, 1872-Ibídem, agosto de 1920) fue un abogado y político español, hermano de José Maestre Laborde-Boix. Fue conde de Salvatierra de Álava póstumamente, por su matrimonio con Dolores Gómez-Medeviela y Pocurrull, quien rehabilitó el título al quedar viuda.

Biografía
Se licenció en Derecho por la Universidad de Valencia. Fue primero concejal y luego Alcalde de Valencia por el Partido Conservador entre 1903 y 1904 y entre 1913 y 1915. Su fuerte carácter y capacidad para enfrentarse a situaciones de conflicto le llevaron a ocupar diversos gobiernos civiles, en circunstancias complejas. En concreto fueron los de Sevilla (julio-diciembre de 1919), Barcelona (diciembre de 1919-junio de 1920) y Cádiz. Durante su etapa en Cataluña, los movimientos obreros y anarquistas, que reclamaban inmediatos cambios sociales, provocaron revoluciones proletarias, también castrenses y burguesas, cuya represión le fue encargada. Esto le creó muchas enemistades. Se instalaría de nuevo en Valencia en 1920. Francisco Maestre falleció en agosto de 1920 tras ser víctima de un atentado anarquista; mientras regresaba a su casa con su esposa y su cuñada, la marquesa de Tejares, después de dar un paseo por el puerto unos desconocidos se acercaron al coche en el que viajaban, y les dispararon.

Referencias

Bibliografía

Alcaldes de Valencia
Alumnos de Derecho de la Universidad de Valencia
Nobles de España del siglo XX
Nobles de la Comunidad Valenciana
Políticos de España de ámbito estatal
Políticos de España del siglo XX
Políticos de la Restauración borbónica
Políticos del Partido Liberal-Conservador de España
Gobernadores civiles de Barcelona
Gobernadores civiles de Cádiz
Gobernadores civiles de Sevilla
Políticos asesinados
Nacidos en Valencia


text:
Kei Koizumi (jap. , Koizumi Kei; * 19. April 1995 in Tokio, Präfektur Tokio) ist ein japanischer Fußballspieler.

Karriere
Kei Koizumi erlernte das Fußballspielen in der Jugendmannschaft von Yokohama F. Marinos sowie in der Schulmannschaft der RKU Kashiwa High School. Seinen ersten Vertrag unterschrieb er 2014 bei Albirex Niigata. Der Club aus Niigata spielte in der höchsten Liga des Landes, der J1 League. Ende 2017 musste der Club als Tabellensiebzehnter in die zweite Liga absteigen. Nach 110 Spielen und vier Toren wechselte er Anfang 2018 zum Erstligisten Kashiwa Reysol nach Kashiwa. Am Ende der Saison 2018 stieg er mit Kashiwa in die zweite Liga ab. Mitte 2019 verpflichtete ihn der Erstligist Kashima Antlers aus Kashima. Für die Antlers stand er 46-mal in der ersten Liga auf dem Spielfeld. Im August 2021 wechselte er zum Ligakonkurrenten Sagan Tosu. Für den Verein aus Tosu bestritt er 41 Erstligaspiele. Im Januar 2023 unterschrieb er einen Vertrag beim ebenfalls in der ersten Liga spielenden FC Tokyo.

Erfolge
Kashima Antlers
 Japanischer Pokalfinalist: 2019

Weblinks

Fußballspieler (Albirex Niigata)
Fußballspieler (Kashiwa Reysol)
Fußballspieler (Kashima Antlers)
Fußballspieler (Sagan Tosu)
Fußballspieler (FC Tokyo)
Fußballspieler (J.League U-22 Auswahl)
Japaner
Geboren 1995
Mann


text:
Thibault de Luxembourg, né vers 1410, décédé le , fut comte de Brienne, seigneur de Fiennes. Il était fils de , comte de Saint-Pol et de Marguerite des Baux.

Union et postérité
Il épousa le  Philippine de Melun, dame de Sottenghien, fille de Jean de Melun, seigneur d'Antoing et d'Epinoy, et eut :
 Guillemette de Luxembourg, mariée avec , seigneur de Commercy, puis mariée en 1478 avec Gilles Harpedanne de Belleville, seigneur de Cosnac.
 Madeleine de Luxembourg, mariée (1° en 1457 à Charles de Ste-Maure de Montgauger comte de Nesle ?), puis 2° le  avec Jacques Chabot, seigneur de Jarnac, Aspremont et Brion : d'où l'amiral Philippe Chabot
 Jacques Ier de Luxembourg (1445-1487), seigneur de Fiennes, époux de Marie de Berlaymont : père de  (1480-1517 ; aussi comte de Gavre par acquisition en 1515 ; x Marguerite de Bruges de La Gruuthuse dame d'Auxi, fille de ), père lui-même de  († 1530) et de l'héritière Françoise de Luxembourg-Fiennes (1496-1557), épouse de  d'Egmont et mère de Lamoral et Marguerite d'Egmont
 Jean de Luxembourg, seigneur de Sottenghien
 François de Luxembourg, vicomte de Martigues : père de François, lui-même père de Sébastien
 Philippe de Luxembourg,1445-1519, évêque du Mans, de Thérouanne, et cardinal, nonce apostolique

Il était beau-frère de , comte du Maine, qui avait épousé Isabelle de Luxembourg en deuxièmes noces, fille de  chevalier de la Toison d'or et de Marguerite des Baux. Thibault de Luxembourg était également frère cadet de Louis de Luxembourg, connétable de France. Son nom vient du fait qu'il était un descendant de 7ème génération de Henri V, comte de Luxembourg, appartenant donc à la branche française de la maison de Luxembourg.

Abbé puis cardinal
Après le décès de sa femme en 1448, Thibault entra dans les ordres, devint abbé d'Igny, monastère cistercien du diocèse de Reims, puis celui de l'abbaye Notre-Dame d'Ourscamp.

Il fut élu évêque du Mans après Martin Berruyer vers 1465. En 1466, le roi  l'envoya auprès du pape  en qualité d'ambassadeur, avec l'archevêque de Lyon  :
Encore fut-il nommé cardinal par le pape  en 1474, et se disposait à recevoir cette dignité, mais décéda au cours de son voyage vers Rome le . Inhumé au Mans, sa plaque mortuaire est située à droite du chœur en la cathédrale Saint-Julien.

Ascendance

Notes et références

sources : histoire de l'église du Mans de Dom Paul Piolin; histoire de la maison de Luxembourg

Références bibliographiques
Joseph Vaesen et Étienne Charavay, Lettres , ,  et sa note , Société de l'histoire de France et Librairie Renouard, Paris 1887 ; d'après Gallia christiana, ,

Thibault de
Comte de Brienne
Naissance en 1410
Décès en septembre 1477
Évêque du Mans
Décès à Rome


text:
Ином Саидов — советский хозяйственный, государственный и политический деятель.

Биография
Родился в 1925 году в городе Бешарык. Член КПСС.

Участник Великой Отечественной войны в составе 93-го гв. самоходного ттп, 55-го стрелкового полка 176-й стрелковой дивизии (II). С 1947 года — на хозяйственной, общественной и политической работе. В 1947—1984 гг. — военрук школы имени Куйбышева Кировского района Ферганской области, партийный работник в Ферганской области, секретарь Кировского райкома КП Узбекистана, второй секретарь Кировского райкома КП Узбекистана, первый секретарь Кировского райкома КП Узбекистана.

Жил в Узбекистане.

Награды и звания
 орден Октябрьской Революции (05.03.1982)
 орден Отечественной войны II степени (06.04.1985)
 орден Трудового Красного Знамени (08.04.1971; 27.12.1976)
 орден «Знак Почёта» (01.03.1965)

Примечания

Первые секретари районных комитетов КП Узбекистана


text:
Richard Bernard Huntley (born 5 January 1949) was an English professional footballer who played as a defender for Sunderland.

References

1949 births
Living people
Footballers from Sunderland
English footballers
Association football defenders
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Cambridge City F.C. players
Dunstable Town F.C. players
English Football League players


text:
Jean-Jacques Durand de Chiloup, né le  à Bourg-en-Bresse et mort le  à Saint-Martin-du-Mont,  est un écuyer, un officier de cavalerie et un homme politique du département de l'Ain de sensibilité royaliste-légitimiste.

Famille

Il est issu de la famille Durand (de Chiloup) dont le blason est :

Son épouse est Sophie Catherine Guillod.

Mandats

Il a été maire de Bourg-en-Bresse du  au . Il est précédemment maire de Saint-Martin-du-Mont de 1805 à 1815 où il est possesseur du château de Chiloup qu'il fait détruire en 1830 pour faire construire en son emplacement la bâtisse actuelle.

Il a également été conseiller général et président du conseil général de l'Ain de 1822 à 1851.

Distinctions

 Il est fait officier de la Légion d'honneur le .

Références

Maire de Bourg-en-Bresse
Conseiller général de l'Ain
Président du conseil général de l'Ain
Personnalité liée à Saint-Martin-du-Mont (Ain)
Naissance en septembre 1768
Naissance à Bourg-en-Bresse
Décès dans l'Ain
Décès en octobre 1852
Décès à 84 ans
Personnalité légitimiste du XIXe siècle
Officier de la Légion d'honneur


text:
The Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians, formerly known as the Stillaguamish Tribe of Washington, is a federally recognized tribe of Stillaguamish people. They are a tribe of Southern Coast Salish indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest located in Washington.

Other Stillaguamish people are enrolled in the Tulalip Tribes.

Name
The name has been used since 1850 to refer to indigenous peoples living along the Stillaguamish River. In 1855, they used the name Stoluck-wa-mish, which is how they sign the Point Elliott Treaty.

Reservation
The Stillaguamish Tribe's trust lands are located in Snohomish County, Washington. The tribe was granted a  reservation by the federal government in 2014.

Government
The Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians is headquartered in Arlington, Washington. They ratified their constitution on 31 January 1953. The tribe is governed by a six-member, democratically elected Board of Directors. As of 1 July 2022 the board was as follows:
 Chairman: Eric White
 Vice Chairman: Jeremy Smith
 Treasurer: Tara Smith
 Secretary: Kadi Bizyayeva
 Member: Gary Tatro
 Member: Stacy White.

The tribe petitioned the US federal government for federal recognition in 1974; it was granted on 7 February 1979.

Language
English is commonly spoken  by the tribe. Formerly tribal members spoke Lushootseed, a Central Salish language. The language is written in the Latin script and a dictionary and grammar have been written in the Lushootseed.

Economic Development
The Stillaguamish Tribal Business Development Department develops and works in partnership with the Board of Directors for the tribe's businesses that include River Rock Tobacco & Fuel and the Angel of the Winds Casino Resort, all located in Arlington.

Notes

References
 Pritzker, Barry M. A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. .

External links
 Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians, official website
 Esther Ross and the Struggle for Stillaguamish Identity, review by Carter Jones Meyer

Coast Salish governments
Native American tribes in Washington (state)
Geography of Snohomish County, Washington
Federally recognized tribes in the United States
Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast


text:
Rafeul perineal este o linie vizibilă, creastă de țesut a corpul uman care se întinde de la anus către perineu. Este prezent atât la bărbați, cât și la femeii apărând din fuziunea pliurilor urogenitale.

La bărbați, această structură se continuă pe linia mediană a scrotului (rafeu scrotal),  urcând spre aspectul liniei mediane posterioare a penisului (rafeu penian). Acesta pătrunde adânc la nivelul scrotului, unde se numește sept scrotal. Este rezultatul unui fenomen de dezvoltare fetală prin care scrotul și penisul se apropie de linia mediană și fuzionează.

S-a susținut că "coasta" din povestea biblică a lui Adam și Eva este de fapt o traducere greșită a eufemismului ebraic biblic pentru baculum (osul penisului) și că îndepărtarea acestuia din Adam în Cartea Genezei este o narațiune de creație pentru a explica absența sa la oameni, precum și prezența rafeului - ca "cicatrice" rezultantă.

Vezi și

 Rafeu
 Linea nigra
 Dezvoltarea embrionară și prenatală a sistemului reproductiv masculin la om

Referințe

Legături externe

Anatomie umană
Aparatul genital masculin
Scrot
Penis


text:
Parathalestris jacksoni är en kräftdjursart som först beskrevs av T. Scott 1898.  Parathalestris jacksoni ingår i släktet Parathalestris och familjen Thalestridae. Arten har ej påträffats i Sverige. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Hoppkräftor
jacksoni


text:
Jan Železný (ur. ok. 1360, zm. 9 października 1430 w Ostrzyhomiu) – biskup Litomyśla w latach 1388–1418, administrator diecezji ołomunieckiej w latach 1416–1418, biskup ołomuniecki w latach 1418–1430, administrator archidiecezji praskiej w latach 1421–1430, biskup Vác w 1430, kardynał.

Życiorys
O jego pochodzeniu i wykształceniu brak jest pewnych informacji. Prawdopodobnie był kanonikiem wyszehradzkim do chwili objęcia diecezji w Litomyślu. 28 kwietnia 1389 przyjął święcenia biskupie. Był przeciwnikiem króla Wacława IV i Jana Husa. W 1401 zwołał synod diecezji w Litomyślu.

W 1416 został wybrany na biskupa ołomunieckiego, ale napotkał na opór arcybiskupa praskiego Konráda z Vechty, który forsował własnego kandydata. Dopiero w 1418 Jan Železný uzyskał papieskie zatwierdzenie. Po usunięciu Konráda z Vechty z funkcji arcybiskupa praskiego 21 lipca 1421 Jan Železný został przez kapitułę wybrany na administratora diecezji. Uczestniczył w walkach z husytami. W 1426 został mianowany kardynałem z tytułem prezbitera S. Ciriaco alle Terme Diocleziane. W 1428 musiał uciekać przed husytami na Węgry, gdzie od króla Zygmunta Luksemburskiego otrzymał biskupstwo Vác.

Bibliografia
 Milan M. Buben, Encyklopedie českých a moravských sídelních biskupů, Praha 2000, s. 141-144.

Biskupi Litomyśla
Biskupi i arcybiskupi ołomunieccy
Biskupi i arcybiskupi prascy
Czescy kardynałowie
Urodzeni w XIV wieku
Zmarli w 1430


text:
"Slow Hands" is a song by American rock band Interpol. It was released as the lead single from their second studio album, Antics (2004), on August 16, 2004 as a digital single and September 13 as vinyl and CD singles. The song was written by Paul Banks, Carlos Dengler, Sam Fogarino, and Daniel Kessler.

Released on September 13, 2004, the song charted at No. 36 on the UK Singles Chart and No. 15 on Billboard magazine's Modern Rock Tracks chart. The song's radio debut was on Los Angeles station KROQ-FM. In Australia, the song was ranked No. 74 on Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2004. In June 2005, it was re-issued as the final single from Antics, charting at No. 44 on the UK Singles Chart.

Music video
The music video for "Slow Hands" was directed by Daniel Levi. It features the band performing the song in an empty sports hall, interspersed with slow-motion shots (playing in reverse) of the members destroying various electrical equipment in front of their performing selves. Towards the end of the video, they become surrounded by rapidly multiplying clones of themselves also performing the song.

In popular culture
The song has appeared in the video games True Crime: New York City, Guitar Hero: Warriors of Rock, and Rocksmith, as well as the Gilmore Girls episode "Tippecanoe and Taylor, Too", the Entourage episode "My Maserati Does 185", the Veronica Mars episode "An Echolls Family Christmas", and a 2008 Armani commercial starring Josh Hartnett.

In 2010, rapper Azealia Banks covered the song and released it on YouTube.

Track listings

Initial UK release
7" OLE6367, CD OLE6362
"Slow Hands" – 3:04
"Slow Hands" (Dan the Automator remix) - CD only  – 4:04
"Slow Hands" (Britt Daniel of Spoon remix) – 3:44

UK reissue
7" OLE6697
"Slow Hands" – 3:04
"Next Exit" (Eden Session) – 3:09
7" OLE6707
"Slow Hands" – 3:04
"Slow Hands" (Eden Session) – 3:09
CD OLE6692
"Slow Hands" – 3:04
"C'mere" (Eden Session) – 3:09

Charts

References

Interpol (band) songs
2004 singles
2005 singles
2004 songs
Matador Records singles
Songs written by Carlos Dengler
Songs written by Paul Banks (American musician)
Songs written by Sam Fogarino
Songs written by Daniel Kessler (guitarist)