text:
Cephalopod egg fossils are the fossilized remains of eggs laid by cephalopods. The fossil record of cephalopod eggs is scant since their soft, gelatinous eggs decompose quickly and have little chance to fossilize. Eggs laid by ammonoids are the best known and only a few putative examples of these have been discovered. The best preserved of these were discovered in the Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay of England. Currently no belemnoid egg fossils have ever been discovered although this may be because scientists have not properly searched for them rather than an actual absence from the fossil record.

Taphonomy

Ammonite eggs in well-aerated sea bottoms probably would have quickly been broken down by scavengers and aerobic bacteria. Fossil evidence supports this general idea since swarms of hatchling ammonitellae fossils are known although there are no associated egg fossils. One of the eggs preserved in the Kimmeridge Clay ammonite egg cluster K1486 bears crystalline phosphate on its surface. Since phosphate is mobile only in organic form this suggests the eggs were already decaying before fossilization. The fact that the ammonite eggs survived decomposition to become fossilized suggests two possibilities. The first is that the eggs were transported from the well-aerated location they were originally laid in to low-oxygen waters near the sea floor. The second possibility is that the eggs were laid in waters whose oxygen abundance varied, possibly by season.

Cephalopod taxa

Ammonoids
Multiple instances of fossil ammonite eggs have been observed in the fossil record. However, prior to 2009 only two credible examples of ammonite eggs had been reported to the scientific literature. The first was an apparent clutch of eggs preserved in the sediment that filled in the living chamber of a harpoceratid dating back to the Toarcian age of the Jurassic period. This specimen was discovered in a concretion incorporated into glacial drift that came from the Baltic region. The ammonite itself was a fully grown individual with a macroconch shell. The second possible example was another adult macroconch of Ceratites from the Muschelkalk of Germany, which dated to the Upper Anisian of the Triassic period. An additional less plausible case has been reported from Kamchatka where an egg clutch was purportedly associated with a Desmophyllites dating back to the early Triassic. However a later summary of ammonite embryos from the same age and location does not mention any eggs being known and Desmophyllites is a Late Cretaceous genus, so this report is not reliable.

The first two possible ammonite egg specimens were found in sediments filling the interior of the body chambers of ammonite shells. Lehmann's specimen from the Lias, reported in 1966, was a pouch of about 50 empty egg capsules lying in the innermost part of a mature macroconch's body chamber. The specimen was not filled with sediment, but rather crystalline calcite. The eggsac had been carbonized completely, destroying its fine detail. Other than the eggs, the specimen does not preserve any of the ammonite's soft parts. The eggs preserved within this shell probably did not belong to the shell's occupant since the eggs probably would have been removed with the rest of the body. The shell itself of Lehmann's specimen belonged to the genus Eleganticeras. The researchers described the other specimen, reported by Muller in 1969 from the Trias, as a "carbonized ghost" that preserved very little detail, not even showing signs of individual egg capsules. Its outline was a similar shape to an axe-head, like Lehmann's. The specimen was within the sedimentary infill of a mature macroconch. There were no sign of any other soft parts. The egg sac is positioned near the opening and oriented in a way that might suggest it was attached to the shell. These specimens have been used to support the contention that macroconch ammonite shells were those of females. Apart from these specimens this would just be a general assumption.

In 2009, Steve Etches, Jane Clarke, and John Callomon reported the discovery of eight clusters of ammonite eggs in the Lower and Upper Kimmeridge Clay of the Dorset Coast in England. The fossil sites were within the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site. The eggs are subspherical to spherical in shape. Some are isolated but some were also found in association with the shells of perisphinctid ammonites. They were interpreted by the researchers as ammonite eggs sacks and are the best preserved specimens of such known to science. The parents of the egg sacks are thought to be two local ammonite genera co-occurring with the eggs, Aulacostephanus and Pectinatites.

The Kimmeridge Clay cephalopod eggs are regarded as ammonite eggs based on "strong" circumstantial evidence. These spawning grounds were sometimes small geographic areas that were used continuously for long periods of time. Ammonite taxa that remained in one place for a long period of time are called  to that place. This leaves the most probable identity of the egglayers as Aulacostephanus and Pectinatites since they were the ammonites eudemic to the region at the time the egg fossils formed. The researchers described the Kimmeridge Clay ammonite eggs as offering "the best insights so far" into the embryonic phase of the ammonite life cycle. Since the Kimmeridge Clay is so thoroughly studied the environment and depositional context is better understood for these ammonite eggs than those reported in the previous two examples. The eggs provide evidence that ammonites had similar life cycles to modern neritic cephalopods.

Belemnoids
Unlike ammonites, no eggs of belemnites are currently known from the fossil record, although Steve Etches, Jane Clarke, and John Callomon have observed that this may be due to a lack of people actually looking for them.

See also

Egg fossil
Fish egg fossil
Reptile egg fossil
Timeline of egg fossil research

Footnotes

References
Etches, S., Clarke, J. and Callomon, J. 2009. Ammonite eggs and ammonitellae from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dorset, England. Lethaia 42(2): 204–217.
Lewy, Z. 1996. Octopods: Nude ammonoids that survived the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary mass extinction. Geology 24(7): 627–630.

.
Prehistoric cephalopods


text:
Андон Златков Томов, известен като Дедо Дончо войвода, Палатски, Арамията и Пиринския цар, е български хайдутин и революционер, петрички войвода на Върховния македоно-одрински комитет и депутат в Народното събрание.

Биография

Дончо Златков е роден в планинското село Палат. Син е на Златко войвода - хайдушки предводител и участник в Кресненско-Разложкото въстание. Завършва четвърто отделение в Дупница, където баща му се преселва. От 1884 година действа с чета из Пирин и Малешевската планина и се занимава главно с разбойничество. Участва в Четническата акция на Македонския комитет през 1895 година. След нея отново се занимава с разбойничество.

Според дееца на Вътрешната организация Христо Силянов:

През 1901 година под въздействие на Стойко Бакалов се присъединява към ВМОК, като преди това според Христо Силянов му е отказано да бъде приет във ВМОРО. Четата му се поддържа с храна, облекло и въоръжение от Кюстендилското македоно-одринско дружество.

През лятото на 1901 година по време на аферата "Мис Стоун", Златков напада четата на Яне Сандански при село Тросково с цел да отвлече американските мисионерки.

Войвода е на чета в Горноджумайското въстание през 1902 година. По време на Илинденско-Преображенското въстание през 1903 година действа с чета в Серския революционен окръг. След въстанието остава в Петричко и продължава борбата с турците и с ВМОРО, с която стига до въоръжени конфликти.

На 1 септември 1912 година Дончо войвода посещава Варна заедно със секретаря си, където пребивава за лечение в Марийнската държавна болница.

През Балканската война от 1912-1913 година Дончо войвода е начело на доброволческа чета № 42, числяща се към Македоно-одринско опълчение с численост 92 четници, действаща в помощ на българската армия в Петричко заедно с четите на Никола Герасимов, Лазар Делев и Тане Николов, а по-късно е зачислен в Първа рота на Четиринадесета воденска дружина. Води сражения при Рупелското дефиле, Сенокос, Градево и други. По едно и също време четите на Дончо Златков и Яне Сандански влизат в Солун.

През 1914 година Златков е избран за народен представител от Струмишки окръг в XVII народно събрание от Либералната партия (радослависти).

Умира на 2 октомври 1918 година в Дупница.

Архивът на Дончо Златков

Архивът на войводата е открит при разрушаването на родната му къща в село Палат. Той е предаден на Окръжния исторически музей в Благоевград през 1971 година. Документите от архива, на брой 1109, са заведени в инвентарните книги на отдел "Възраждане" на музея. Това са писма, бележки, заповеди, записки, списъци, разписки, обръщения, протоколи, окръжни, актове, сметки, сведения и други.

Най-голям е броят на писмата (790) и на бележките (192). Повечето от тях са изпращани от селски ръководители или от войводи на местни чети, като Иван Смоларски, Бакалов, Терзиев и други. Една част от писмата са от ВМОК в София и са с организационен характер. Друга част от писмата и бележките са от местното население. Има и писма, писани от самия Дончо Златков. Важна информация се съдържа в списъците, които са 44 на брой. Между тях има описи за събрани пари, храни, дрехи, оръжие и други. Един от най-ценните документи е Протокол №1 от 12 юли 1905 година от конгрес на Петрички район. Повечето документи сега са реставрирани и консервирани.

Други
С дейността на войводата е свързано името на планинския хребет Дончови караули в Пирин планина.

Външни препратки
 "Разговор на Пловдивския руски вице-консул г. Сергей Андреевич с Дончо войвода в Кюстендил", публикувано в сп. "Сборник от Турските Зверства и Македонското Освободително Дело", книга II, София, 1902 година
 Войвода забранява с декрет разврата на моми

Бележки

Дейци на ВМОК
Български революционери от Македония
Български политици от Македония
Македоно-одрински опълченци
Хора от област Благоевград
Участници в Четническата акция на Македонския комитет
Български политици (1878 – 1918)
Войводи на чети на Македоно-одринското опълчение
Български хайдути от Македония
Починали в Дупница
Български имигранти от Македония в Дупница
Български подофицери
Участници в Горноджумайското въстание

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Caldecote is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, in the district of South Cambridgeshire, England. It lies south of the A428, approximately six miles west of Cambridge and three miles east of Cambourne.

Nearby settlements are Hardwick and Toft to the east, Bourn to the west, Childerley to the north and Kingston to the south. Bourn Airfield lies on the north-west edge of the village.

History
The older part of the village lies to the south, just off the B1046 road and is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. The parish church, St. Michael and All Angels, parts of which date to the 14th century, is in this part of the village. Bourn Brook and the route of the former Oxford and Cambridge Railway run to the south of the village.

Highfields Caldecote
Highfields Caldecote is a newer development in the north of the village. The A428 was converted to a dual carriageway and was opened in 2007, allowing easier access.

The development in Highfields led to a rapid increase in the population of Caldecote from an estimated 800 in 2001 to 1,737 in 2011. It now proudly boasts a  hairdressers, named Caldecutz, and a Social Club.

Economy
The village was home to the headquarters of the Raspberry Pi Foundation, a charity known worldwide for developing the Raspberry Pi computer system.

References

External links

 Caldecote Local History Group
 Caldecote Parish Website
 St Michael and All Angels Website
 Caldecote Scout Group

Villages in Cambridgeshire
Civil parishes in Cambridgeshire
South Cambridgeshire District


text:
Rhacophorus aurantiventris est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Rhacophoridae.

Répartition
Cette espèce est endémique de Taïwan.

Description
Rhacophorus aurantiventris a le dos vert foncé et un ventre rouge-orangé (à l'origine de son nom d'espèce). Certains individus présentent des taches irrégulières blanc-jaunâtre sur le dos.

Publication originale
 Lue, Lai & Chen, 1994 : A New Species of Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Taiwan. Herpetologica, , , .

Liens externes

Notes et références

Anoure (nom scientifique)
Rhacophorinae
Faune endémique de Taïwan


text:
Biografia
Nato e cresciuto a Shreveport, Jericho Brown ha ottenuto la laurea triennale alla Dillard University, la magistrale all'Università di New Orleans e il dottorato di ricerca all'Università di Houston. Ha insegnato all'Università di Houston dal 2002 al 2007, all'Università statale di San Diego nel 2009 e all'Università Emory dal 2013.

Nel 2008 ha pubblicato la sua prima antologia poetica, Please, seguita nel 2014 da The New Testament. Nel 2020 il suo terzo libro, The Tradition, gli è valso il Premio Pulitzer per la poesia. Oltre al Pulitzer, Brown ha ricevuto numerosi altri prestigiosi riconoscimenti, tra cui l'American Book Award (2009), il National Endowment for the Arts (2011), la Guggenheim Fellowship (2016) e il Premio Pulitzer per la poesia per la raccolta The Tradition (2020).

Brown è dichiaratamente gay.

Opere
 Please, New Issues Poetry & Prose, 2008, ISBN 978-1-930974-79-1
 The New Testament, Copper Canyon Press, 2014, ISBN 978-1-55659-457-1
 The Tradition, Copper Canyon Press, 2019, ISBN 9781556594861
 Traduzione italiana: La tradizione, a cura di Antonella Francini, Roma, Donzelli, 2022

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Scrittori statunitensi del XXI secolo
Scrittori afroamericani
Persone che hanno fatto coming out
Vincitori del Premio Pulitzer


text:
Тенги́з Зура́бович Гуда́ва (; 28 ноября 1953, Самтредиа, Грузинская ССР — 16 апреля 2009, Прага, Чехия) — писатель, журналист, редактор Радио Свобода, общественный деятель, диссидент.

Биография
Много лет работал в Русской службе радио «Свобода», вёл программы по правозащитным и национальным темам.

Образование - неоконченное высшее (медико-биолог). Осуждён в 1978 г. за спекуляцию американскими джинсами (4 года). В июне 1986 г. за антисоветскую деятельность приговорен к 7 годам ИТЛ строгого режима и 3 годам ссылки.

В 1987 году освобождён из колонии в Пермской области с условием эмиграции из СССР. Обосновался в США. Участвовал в работе нью-йоркской правозащитной организации Center for Democracy. Вместе с братом, Эдуардом Гудава, и видными диссидентами, живущими на Западе (В. Буковский, Ю. Ярым-Агаев и др.) создал международную организацию Democracy and Independence.

Известен острополемическими статьями, которые публикуются в эмигрантской прессе и интернете.

Автор двух романов, множества рассказов.

Погиб в Праге в результате автокатастрофы.

Литературное наследие
 «Его звали Анжелика». Как сказано в аннотации, «роман соединяет горький тюремный опыт с неуёмной фантазией, сталкивает прозаические описания реальности и стихотворные прорывы за пределы зримого мира. Главный герой романа — андрогинное существо, умеющее превращать страшную явь в подобие фантасмагорического сна, отменять унылые законы тюремных будней и возводить вокруг себя призрачное здание вечного праздника».
 «Хельголанд». О сложной судьбе живущего в Германии диссидента, потерявшего в жизни всё, сбегающего на остров Хельголанд в Северном море. Судьба острова напоминает герою его собственную.

Тексты Гудавы в Интернете
 Тюремные рассказы. Лагуна, повесть
 «Вражьи голоса» заглохли, демократия онемела (статья)
 Новая война. Кто виноват? (статья)

Примечания

Ссылки
 Интервью газете «Русская Германия»
 «Русская Германия»: «Расследование смерти Тенгиза Гудавы продолжается».

Участники проектов Викимедиа
Персоналии:Радио «Свобода»
Погибшие в автомобильных катастрофах
Диссиденты Грузии


text:
Károly Wieland (Budapeste, 1 de maio de 1934 – Alemanha, 30 de maio de 2020) foi um canoísta húngaro especialista em provas de velocidade.

Carreira
Conquistou a medalha de bronze no C-2 1000 m em Melbourne 1956, junto ao seu colega de equipa Ferenc Mohácsi.

Morte
Morreu no dia 30 de maio de 2020 na Alemanha, aos 86 anos.

Canoístas da Hungria
Canoístas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1956
Naturais de Budapeste


text:
Sir Ken Adam, geboren Klaus Hugo Adam (Berlijn, 5 februari 1921 – Londen, 10 maart 2016), was een Brits production designer. Hij schreef in de jaren zestig en zeventig filmgeschiedenis met zijn doordachte en extravagante decors voor de vroege James Bondfilms. Hij won twee Oscars en verschillende andere prijzen en werd voor zijn bijdragen aan de filmindustrie en de Anglo-Duitse relaties in 2003 door koningin Elizabeth geridderd.

Biografie
Als 12-jarige jongen, zoon van de Pruisische cavalerist en zakenman Fritz Adam en Lilli Saalfeld, zag hij in 1933 de Rijksdagbrand vanuit de Tiergarten. Het Joodse gezin Adam vluchtte voor het groeiende nationaalsocialisme in 1934 uit Duitsland naar Groot-Brittannië. Al tijdens zijn schooljaren op het gerenommeerde Französisches Gymnasium in Berlijn en St. Paul's School in Londen viel zijn artistieke talent op bij zijn leraren door zijn levensechte tekeningen van Goethe en Schiller en reproducties van de zelfportretten van Van Gogh. Op aanraden van filmontwerper Vincent Korda koos hij voor een studie architectuur aan het University College London nadat hij in Engeland was gegrepen door expressionistische Duitse films als Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari en Das Testament des Dr. Mabuse van Fritz Lang: "They were so theatrical, these artists who dreamt up these fantastic dreamlike environments, and it struck a note with me — ze waren zo theatraal, de artiesten die deze fantastische droomwerelden tevoorschijn toverden, en dat raakte een gevoelige snaar in mij".

Toen de Tweede Wereldoorlog uitbrak, was hij nog niet genaturaliseerd. Hij nam dienst bij de Royal Air Force en werd zo een van de drie Duitse piloten die tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog onder Britse vlag vlogen. Was hij in Duitse handen gevallen, dan had hij als landverrader terechtgesteld kunnen worden. Bij de strijd in Normandië vloog hij in een Hawker Typhoon bommenwerper. Zijn broer Dennis werd in 1944 de derde Duitse RAF-piloot.

Adam trouwde op 16 augustus 1952 met de Italiaanse artdirector Maria-Letizia Moauro, die hij had ontmoet tijdens filmopnamen op het eiland Ischia. In 1980 maakte hij deel uit van de jury van het Filmfestival van Cannes. In 1999 jureerde hij op het Filmfestival van Berlijn. Ook in 1999 organiseerde het V&A de tentoonstelling Ken Adam - Designing the Cold War.

Adam stond bekend als een goedlachse, intelligente en onderhoudende man met een zwak voor snelle auto's. Hij woonde in de Londense wijk South Kensington maar had ook een huis in Los Angeles. Hij overleed op 95-jarige leeftijd na een korte ziekenhuisopname.

Werk
De eerste baan van Adam in de cinemawereld was die van tekenaar voor de film This Was a Woman van regisseur Tim Whelan uit 1948. Hij kreeg zijn eerste credits als de production designer van de Britse thriller Soho Incident uit 1956. In de jaren 50 vertrok hij naar Hollywood, waar hij als ongecrediteerde assistent meewerkte aan Around the World in 80 Days (1956) en Ben-Hur (1959). De eerste credits als ontwerper in Hollywood volgden met de horrorfilm Night of the Demon van Jacques Tourneur uit 1957. Ook werkte hij mee aan verschillende films van Robert Aldrich. In 1962 werd hij aangetrokken voor de productie van de eerste Bondfilm, Dr. No. In 1964 ontwierp hij het beroemde decor van de War Room in het Witte Huis voor Stanley Kubricks film Dr. Strangelove. Eind jaren 60 bood hem Kubrick hem aan om mee te werken aan zijn volgende project, 2001: A Space Odyssey, maar Adam bedankte voor de eer toen hij ontdekte dat Kubrick samen met de NASA de mogelijkheden van ruimtevaart had onderzocht: "Because I could only function properly with this very powerful computer-like brain of Stanley by knowing as much visually about the subject matter as he did—omdat ik alleen goed kon functioneren bij het krachtige computerbrein van Stanley als ik evenveel van de visuele aspecten afwist als hij". In 1975 werkte hij weer samen met Kubrick aan Barry Lyndon, de film die hem zijn eerste Oscar opleverde.

Ook ontwierp hij de beroemde vliegende auto in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. Deze film uit 1968 werd geproduceerd door hetzelfde team dat verantwoordelijk was voor de eerste Bondfilms.

De eerste film waarin hij samenwerkte met Bondproducer Broccoli was The Trials of Oscar Wilde uit 1960. Na Dr. No ontwierp Adam de decors voor de Bondfilms Goldfinger (1964), Thunderball (1965), You Only Live Twice (1967) en Diamonds Are Forever (1971). Voor de supertanker in The Spy Who Loved Me uit 1977 bouwde hij de grootste sound stage die de wereld tot dan had gezien. Zijn laatste Bondfilm was Moonraker in 1979.

Andere films waar Adam aan mee heeft gewerkt, zijn onder meer The IPCRESS File (1965) en het vervolg daarop Funeral in Berlin (1966), Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969), Sleuth (1972), Salon Kitty (1976), Agnes of God (1985), Addams Family Values (1993) en The Madness of King George (1994). In de late jaren 70 maakte hij nog schetsen voor een nieuwe film van Star Trek, Planet of the Titans, die uiteindelijk nooit gemaakt is. Zijn laatste werk was voor Taking Sides uit 2001.

Prijzen
Adam won twee BAFTA Awards voor Dr. Strangelove (1964) en The IPCRESS File (1965). Ook werd hij genomineerd voor zijn werk aan Goldfinger, Thunderball, You Only Live Twice, Sleuth, Barry Lyndon, The Spy Who Loved Me and The Madness of King George. In 1975 won hij de Academy Award for Best Art Direction voor zijn herschepping van het 18e-eeuwse Engeland in Barry Lyndon. De tweede Oscar volgde in 1994 voor zijn bijdrage aan The Madness of King George. Andere Oscarnominaties waren er voor Around the World in Eighty Days, The Spy Who Loved Me en Addams Family Values. In 2002 won hij een Art Directors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award en in 2003 was hij de eerste winnaar van een Ciak di Corallo op het Ischia Film Festival.

Literatuur
De Britse journalist en onderzoeker van de populaire cultuur Christopher Frayling wijdde drie boeken aan het werk van Adam:
 Moonraker, Strangelove and Other Celluloid Dreams - The Visionary Art of Ken Adam (1999, samen met filmcriticus Philip French), ISBN 978-1870814270;
 Ken Adam: The Art of Production Design (2005), ISBN 0-571-22057-6;
 Ken Adam Designs the Movies: James Bond and Beyond (2008), ISBN 978-0500514146.

Een boek van de Duitse journalist Alexander Smoltczyk is James Bond, Berlin, Hollywood. Die Welten des Ken Adam (2002) ISBN 3-87584-068-2.

Filmmaker
Brits ontwerper
Brits militair in de Tweede Wereldoorlog


text:
Le mardi  est le 220 jour de l'année 1854.

Naissances
 Andrew Van Vranken Raymond (mort le 5 avril 1918), ministre du culte presbytérien Américain
 Lucien Lambeau (mort le ), historien français

Décès
 Zénaïde Bonaparte (né le ), princesse française et altesse impériale
 John Freeman Milward Dovaston (né le ),  poète et un naturaliste

Autres événements
 adoption des Quatre points de Vienne : la Russie renonce à son influence dans les principautés roumaines ; abandonne son projet de protectorat religieux ; accepte la liberté de navigation sur le Danube ; ainsi que la modification de la Convention des Détroits de 1841 (plus de navires de guerre)
 Débarquement des forces britanniques et françaises à la bataille de Bomarsund
 Thomas Jefferson Dryer affirme avoir été le premier à escalader le mont Hood

Voir aussi
 8 août et août 1854


text:
Alatina tetraptera is een tropische kubuskwal uit de familie Alatinidae. De kwal komt uit het geslacht Alatina. Alatina tetraptera werd in 1880 voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Haeckel.

Kubuskwal


text:
Stefan Adolf Mossor, poljski general, * 1896, † 1955.

Glej tudi
 seznam poljskih generalov

Zunanje povezave
 Generals.dk

Rojeni leta 1896
Umrli leta 1955
Poljski generali
Generali Poljske ljudske armade
Veterani druge svetovne vojne
Častniki Vojske Poljske
Veterani prve svetovne vojne


text:
Jan Haude (* 29. Oktober 1981 in Hamm) ist ein deutscher Politiker (Bündnis 90/Die Grünen). Von Februar 2011 bis Februar 2015 war er der Landesvorsitzende der niedersächsischen Grünen.

Leben und Beruf
2001 verließ Haude das Archigymnasium in Soest mit einem Abitur-Abschluss. Anschließend absolvierte er von 2001 bis 2002 ein freiwilliges ökologisches Jahr bei der BUNDjugend Nordrhein-Westfalen. 2002 begann Haude ein Studium der Politischen Wissenschaften und der Wirtschaftswissenschaften an der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg. 2003 wechselte er an die Leibniz Universität Hannover, an der er 2008 ein Studium der Politikwissenschaften und Geschichte mit dem Abschluss Magister Artium beendete.

Von 2007 bis 2011 war er hauptamtlicher Geschäftsführer des GRÜNEN-Stadtverbandes Hannover.

Haude lebt in fester Partnerschaft und ist Vater von zwei Kindern.

Politik
Ab 1996 engagierte sich Haude bei den Jungen Grünen in Soest. In den Jahren 2002 und 2003 war Jan Haude kurzzeitig Mitglied im Bundesvorstand der Grünen Jugend und war im Anschluss in der Grünen Jugend Niedersachsen sowie bei den Grünen Hochschulgruppen Oldenburg und Hannover aktiv. Von 2009 bis zu seiner Wahl zum Landesvorsitzenden war er Landesschatzmeister der GRÜNEN in Niedersachsen.

Weblinks
 Persönliche Homepage

Einzelnachweise

Parteivorsitzender von Bündnis 90/Die Grünen Niedersachsen
Kommunalpolitiker (Niedersachsen)
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Deutscher
Geboren 1981
Mann


text:
Charles Thomas Worsfold Mayo (5 February 1903 – 10 April 1943) was a Canadian-born British cricketer who played six first-class matches for Somerset in 1928.

Educated at Eton College, where he was in the cricket team alongside Gubby Allen, Mayo was a right-handed batsman who featured in the Somerset middle order in six matches in the early part of the 1928 season. He made 35 and 60, his highest score, in his first match against Nottinghamshire at Trent Bridge. And in the next game, against Warwickshire at Edgbaston, he made 48. But he was not successful in his other games and did not appear in first-class cricket again.

He was killed during the North African campaign in the Second World War.

References

1903 births
1943 deaths
People educated at Eton College
English cricketers
Somerset cricketers
Canadian cricketers
Cricketers from British Columbia
Sportspeople from Victoria, British Columbia
British Army personnel killed in World War II
Royal Armoured Corps soldiers
North Somerset Yeomanry soldiers
Canadian military personnel from British Columbia


text:
Betty Boop's Ker-Choo es un corto de animación estadounidense de 1933, de la serie de Betty Boop. Fue producido por los estudios Fleischer y distribuido por Paramount Pictures. En él aparecen Betty Boop, Bimbo y Koko el payaso.

Argumento
Bimbo y Koko están entre los participantes en una gran carrera automovilística. La favorita en la carrera es Betty Boop, pero llega tarde otra vez, y su auto con acento Yiddish no tiene idea de dónde está. Cuando Betty finalmente aparece explica su retraso cantando "I've Got a Cold in My Nose," (Scott Bradley & Joseph Hanna).

Producción
Betty Boop's Ker-Choo es la novena entrega de la serie de Betty Boop y fue estrenada el 6 de enero de 1933.

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

El corto en YouTube.

Betty Boop (serie)


text:
Irina Rimes (născută Irina Rîmeș; ) este o cântăreață și compozitoare din Republica Moldova, care în prezent activează și locuiește în București.

Irina Rimes a devenit cunoscută în Republica Moldova după ce a participat în 2012 la concursul Fabrica de staruri, unde a ajuns până în finală. Ulterior ea s-a mutat în România, unde a încercat să se afirme sub pseudonimul Irra, însă acest proiect nu a avut succes. În 2016 și-a relansat cariera cu piesa "Visele", care a ocupat locul 1 în clasamentele radio din România. Aceasta a fost urmată de alte hituri precum "Ce s-a întâmplat cu noi", "Bolnavi amândoi", "Nu știi tu să fii bărbat" sau "POEM", care au transformat-o pe Irina Rimes într-una dintre cele mai de succes cântărețe din România, cu peste 450 de milioane de vizualizări pe YouTube. Ea a lansat patru albume de studio în calitate de cântăreață: Despre el (2017), Cosmos (2018), Pastila (2020) și Acasă (2022), dar a și compus numeroase cântece pentru alte artiste, printre acestea numărându-se Andra, Inna, Alina Eremia, Raluka sau Antonia.

Începând cu 2018 este unul dintre cei patru antrenori ai emisiunii Vocea României. În 2019 revista Forbes România a inclus-o în topul celor mai de succes tineri din generația "sub 30 de ani".

Viața și cariera

1991–2015: Copilăria și începuturile în muzică

Irina s-a născut la data de 22 august 1991 în raionul Florești și este primul copil al cuplului format din Valentina și Tudor Rîmeș, ea are un frate mai mic, pe nume Vitali. Irina a declarat în interviuri că interesul față de muzică i-a fost stârnit de către familie, în special de către tatăl și bunica sa din linie paternă, despre care artista își amintește că avea o voce foarte bună: "Bunica făcea parte din corul bisericii și țin minte că se așeza pe sobă și ne cânta colinde". Rimes a manifestat înclinație spre scris și compoziție încă de la o vârstă fragedă: "Compuneam poezii de când eram în clasa întâi. Îmi aduc aminte că am învățat să cânt, să scriu și să citesc acasă". Odată cu începerea liceului, artista s-a mutat în Soroca, unde a urmat cursurile Liceului Teoretic "Constantin Stere" până în 2010, iar definitivarea studiilor sale s-a făcut la Academia de Muzică, Teatru și Arte Plastice din Chișinău.

Primele încercări de afirmare ale Irinei în muzică au început în 2009, când tânăra interpretă a înregistrat un duet în limba rusă împreună cu LaYeR, un rapper din Florești, numit "Vremea". Ulterior ea a compus și cântat mai multe cântece pe care le-a încărcat pe platforma YouTube sub numele Irina Remesh, printre acestea numărându-se "Gimme Reason to Believe", "M-ai pierdut" sau "This is My Life". În 2011 Irina se înscrie la selecția moldovenească pentru Eurovision cu piesa "Iluzii deșarte", însă nu se califică în finala concursului. În primăvara anului 2012, Irina participă la emisiunea-concurs Fabrica de staruri, unde impresionează prin interpretări ale unor melodii celebre semnate de Mădălina Manole, Adele sau Alicia Keys. Ea a ajuns până în marea finală a competiției, iar în cadrul său îl cunoaște pe muzicianul Andi Bănică, cel cu care avea să înceapă o lungă colaborare profesională și care avea să îi devină soț. După încheierea emisiunii, Irina relansează piesa "Iluzii deșarte", împreună cu un videoclip, iar melodia devine unul dintre hiturile anului în Moldova; tot în 2012 apare single-ul "Simply Friends", care a intrat în top 3 cele mai difuzate piese din Moldova.

La finalul anului 2012, Irina și Andi vorbeau despre dorința lor de a se muta în România, pentru a-și consolida carierele în muzică. Acest lucru avea să se întâmple câteva luni mai târziu, când Irina a ajuns la o înțelegere cu echipa de producție The Lions Beat, alături de care a început să înregistreze melodii folosind o tehnică "3D, revoluționară". Pentru acest proiect Irina a renunțat la numele Remesh și a început să folosească pseudonimul Irra – primul său single a fost "Earthquake", apărut în octombrie 2013, urmat de "Bleeding You", "Pun pariu pe talent" și "Tune It Up" în 2014. Deși trei dintre aceste melodii au avut parte de videoclipuri, iar Irina a avut apariții televizate, la radio și la Gala Premiilor Radar de Media, proiectul Irra nu s-a dovedit a fi unul de succes. Irina a renunțat la acest proiect și ulterior avea să scrie piese pentru alți artiști. Vorbind mai târziu despre această perioadă, Irina a spus: "Am muncit, am fost și în depresie, am tăcut, nu am cântat deloc, am scris piese, le vindeam cu 300 de euro și artiștilor buni și celor penibili din Republica Moldova doar ca să facem un ban (…) Toate au venit pentru că am muncit, și eu și oamenii de lângă mine."

2016–2017: Succesul cu "Visele" și albumul «Despre el»
Stabilită în București, Irina Rimes a fost remarcată în timpul unei sesiuni de studio de către cântăreața Raluka, care a auzit-o cântând și a fost impresionată de versurile scrise de ea. Raluka, din poziția de asociat al proiectului de management artistic Quantum Music, i-a oferit Irinei sprijin în vederea punerii bazelor carierei sale artistice. Având parte de susținerea echipei Quantum Music, Irina Rimes lansează primul său single în aprilie 2016 – "Visele". Compus de Irina alături de Andi Bănică, cântecul a devenit rapid unul dintre hiturile verii în România, urcând de la o săptămână la alta în clasamentul Airplay 100. La mijlocul lunii octombrie, "Visele" devine cea mai difuzată piesă de la posturile radio din România. În toamna aceluiași an, Irina colaborează cu DJ Sava pe melodia "I Loved You", care avea să devină un hit moderat, ocupând locul douăzeci și patru în România. La finele anului 2016, Rimes lansează trilogia "Iubiri Secrete" – compusă din melodiile "Iubirea noastră mută", "Da' ce tu" și "Haina ta". Deși doar primul dintre cântece a activat în clasamentele de specialitate, ocupând locul 84 în România, toate au beneficiat de videoclipuri cu peste 20 de milioane de vizualizări cumulate pe platforma YouTube. În aceeași perioadă, Irina compunea piese pentru Inna, dar și pentru primul său album de studio. Succesul Irinei a determinat revista Cosmopolitan s-o numească "revelația anului 2016", iar în cadrul celei de-a XV-a ediții a Premiilor Muzicale Radio România, Rimes a primit premiul pentru "Debutul anului 2016"; de asemenea, piesa "I Loved You" i-a adus premiul de "Cea mai bună piesă pop-dance". Media Forest a inclus piesa "Visele" pe locul 13 în topul celor mai bune melodii ale anului 2016.

Succesul și calitatea pieselor scrise de Irina i-au adus rapid colaborări din postura de compozitor cu nume sonore din industria muzicală românească, printre acestea numărându-se Andra, Inna, Alina Eremia sau Antonia. Pe parcursul anului 2017, Irina a continuat să compună melodii pentru albumul său de debut, dar și pentru alți artiști. În același timp ea a căutat să-și solidifice succesul comercial în România prin lansarea mai multor hituri. Melodia "Ce s-a întâmplat cu noi", respectiv colaborarea cu rapperul Guess Who – numită "Cupidon", aveau să devină două dintre cele mai de succes piese ale verii anului 2017, ambele fiind clasate în top 10 de către Media Forest. De asemenea, Rimes a colaborat cu rapperul Killa Fonic pe melodia "Piesa noastră", dar și cu formația Vunk pe single-ul "Stai lângă mine". Deși nu au activat în clasamentele de specialitate, ambele colaborări au strâns peste 10 milioane de vizualizări online. În august Irina lansează o melodie în limba engleză, "My Favourite Man", care ocupă locul 29 în România. În octombrie 2017 apare single-ul "Bolnavi amândoi", care avea să ajungă pe locul 5 în topul Airplay 100, fiind astfel cel mai mare hit al Irinei de după "Visele". În cadrul premiilor Media Music Awards 2017, Irina a câștigat trofeele "Best New Artist", respectiv "ProFM Award".

Pe 17 octombrie 2017 are loc lansarea albumului de debut al Irinei Rimes, intitulat Despre el și distribuit de Global Records. Materialul conține zece piese ale căror versuri și linii melodice au fost create de Rimes; printre acestea se numără hiturile "Visele", "Ce s-a întâmplat cu noi" sau "Bolnavi amândoi". Lansarea albumului a fost însoțită de proiecția unui scurtmetraj cu același nume, care prezintă o poveste de iubire inspirată din trăirile ei. Promovarea materialului "Despre el" s-a făcut prin lansarea de videoclipuri pentru toate piesele incluse pe disc, care au strâns peste 40 de milioane de vizualizări cumulate pe YouTube. După lansarea albumului în cadrul unui eveniment în Hard Rock Cafe din București, Irina Rimes a susținut concerte în câteva dintre marile orașe din România pentru a-l promova.

2018–prezent: Jurat la "Vocea României" și albumul «Cosmos»
În primăvara anului 2018, Irina Rimes revine cu cea de-a doua trilogie din cariera sa – compusă din piesele "Beau", "În locul meu" și "Cel mai bun prieten". Cele trei melodii au beneficiat de videoclipuri de promovare, însă numai "Beau" s-a clasat în topul Airplay 100, pe locul cincizeci și doi. Deși noile melodii nu au avut impactul pieselor precedente în clasamente, ele au strâns peste 18 milioane de vizualizări pe YouTube. De asemenea, hiturile "Cupidon" și "Bolnavi amândoi" aveau să activeze puternic în clasamente și în 2018, fiind incluse de Media Forest pentru al doilea an consecutiv în lista hiturilor verii. De succes avea să se dovedească și colaborarea cu formația The Motans – intitulată "Cel mai bun DJ", care a urcat treptat în toamnă până pe locul 15 în topurile radio din România.

Irina Rimes avea să-și petreacă o bună parte din anul 2018 lucrând la cel de-al doilea album de studio al său, dar și pe platourile de filmare ale emisiunii-concurs Vocea României, unde a fost anunțată ca jurat în luna iunie. În calitate de antrenor, Irina Rimes a condus-o pe Dora Gaitanovici până în finala concursului, unde aceasta a ocupat locul secund. Unul dintre momentele de referință ale sezonului a avut loc în marea finală, unde Irina a cântat alături de Dora single-ul "Nu știi tu să fii bărbat". Melodia a urcat rapid până pe locul 9 în topul celor mai difuzate melodii din România.

Cel de-al doilea album de studio al Irinei Rimes, intitulat Cosmos, a fost publicat pe 10 decembrie 2018 sub egida Global Records. Ca și în cazul primului său album, toate cele doisprezece piese de pe Cosmos au fost scrise de Irina cu ajutorul echipei Quantum Music și a colaboratorilor săi frecvenți precum Alex Cotoi sau Andi Bănică. Discul a fost lansat împreună cu o carte ce poartă același nume și conține o serie de poezii scrise de Irina. Albumul-carte Cosmos a fost lansat în cadrul unui eveniment ce a avut loc la Teatrul Național de Operetă "Ion Dacian" din București, invitată fiind și actrița Maia Morgenstern, care a recitat câteva dintre poeziile incluse în carte.

La începutul lui 2019 Irina a fost numită "Artistul anului" în Basarabia, în cadrul evenimentului Omul Anului 2018, organizat la Chișinău. În februarie artista și-a făcut debutul într-un dublaj de animație, în rolul reginei Watevra Wa'Nabi din Marea Aventura Lego 2. În plan muzical, Rimes a continuat să promoveze albumul Cosmos pe parcursul anului 2019, lansând pe single majoritatea cântecelor incluse pe disc – "Dans", "24:00", "Ce se întâmplă, doctore?", "Nicăieri" și "Dorule" nu au activat în clasamentele oficiale, însă videoclipurile lor au strâns mai mult de 10 milioane de vizualizări cumulate pe YouTube. Mult mai mult succes a avut colaborarea cu formația The Motans, "POEM", care a ocupat locul 1 în topul Airplay 100, devenind astfel cel mai mare hit din cariera Irinei de după "Visele". Alte două colaborări: "Supradoză de dor" (cu Taxi) și "Prea fin, prea dulce" (cu Guz) au fost frecvent difuzate la posturile radio din România.

În vara anului 2019, Rimes a susținut diverse concerte în România, a urcat pe scena Cerbul de aur și a participat la filmările emisiunii Vocea României, unde și-a reluat poziția de jurat. De asemenea, ea a colaborat cu DJ-ul turc Mahmut Orhan pe două piese: "Schhh" și "Hero", dar și cu formația Zdob și Zdub pe cântecul "Sânziene". Single-ul "În palme", lansat în septembrie, a urcat treptat până pe locul 15 în clasamentele oficiale din România. În toamna anului 2019 Irina a pornit în cel de-al doilea turneu național al carierei sale, cu care a vizitat cele mai mari orașe din România; proiectul a fost lansat cu un concert online de 3 ore, urmărit de peste 500.000 de persoane. Artista a încheiat anul printr-o colaborare alături de CUZA, George Hora și Carmen Tănase, numită "Dor de casă".

Cel de-al patrulea album al Irinei Rimes, intitulat Acasă, a fost lansat pe 17 iunie 2022. Albumul cuprinde 16  piese confesiune, vindecătoare și sensibile, compuse de artistă cu compozitori și producători de top din România.

Discografie

Albume
 Despre el (2017)
 Cosmos (2018)
 Pastila (2020)
 Acasă (2022)

Single-uri notabile
 "Visele" (2016)
 "I Loved You" (feat. DJ Sava) (2016)
 "Ce s-a întâmplat cu noi" (2017)
 "Cupidon" (feat. Guess Who) (2017)
 "My Favourite Man" (2017)
 "Bolnavi amândoi" (2017)
 "Cel mai bun DJ" (feat. The Motans) (2018)
 "Nu știi tu să fii bărbat" (2018)
 "POEM" (feat. The Motans) (2019)
 "În palme" (2019)
 "3 inimi" (feat. Carla's Dreams) (2020)
 "Your Love" (feat. Cris Cab) (2020)
 "N-avem timp" (2021)
 "Pentru totdeauna" (feat. Grasu XXL) (2021)
 "Ba ba ba (Inima mea bate)" (2022)

Note

Legături externe

 Irina Rimes pe Facebook
 Irina Rimes pe Instagram
 Irina Rimes pe YouTube

Nașteri în 1991
Nașteri pe 22 august
Cântărețe din secolul al XXI-lea
Cântăreți moldoveni
Cântăreți români
Oameni din raionul Florești
Oameni în viață
Români basarabeni


text:
Les Xiphophoraceae sont une famille d'algues brunes de l'ordre des Fucales.

Liste des genres
Selon  et  :
 genre Xiphophora Montagne, 1842

Notes et références

Références taxinomiques

Famille d'algues brunes (nom scientifique)
Fucales


text:
The Sablauskių Reservoir is a reservoir in Lithuania, in the Akmenė District Municipality. The reservoir is  from Akmenė and  from Alkiškiai. The shores are almost entirely covered in trees and bushes, with the shore itself being very winding. On the northern and eastern parts of the reservoir, there are forested areas. Around the reservoir there are many cultivated fields, a rural tourism homestead can be found here too.

History
The Sablauskių Reservoir was created in 1975 for industrial water supply and in 2007 a 39 kW small hydroelectric power plant was built.

References

Reservoirs in Lithuania
Akmenė District Municipality


text:
Pollachi is the legislative assembly in Coimbatore district, which includes the city, Pollachi. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 123. This assembly constituency is a part of Coimbatore Lok Sabha constituency. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

Madras State

Tamil Nadu

Election results

2021

2016

2011

2006

2001

1996

1991

1989

1984

1980

1977

1971

1967

1962

1957

1952

References

Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu
Coimbatore district


text:
Acantheremus arboreus är en insektsart som beskrevs av Nickle 2001. Acantheremus arboreus ingår i släktet Acantheremus och familjen vårtbitare. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Vårtbitare
arboreus


text:
Gloryette Patricia Clark (* 17. März 1934; † 8. Juni 2014) war eine US-amerikanische Filmeditorin und Drehbuchautorin.

Leben und Werk
Nach dem Abschluss an der Van Nuys High School arbeitete Gloryette Clark zunächst bei Disney und später bei Universal. 1970 begann ihre Zusammenarbeit mit Roy Huggins. Ihre Filmographie als Autorin besteht ausschließlich aus Serien, in denen Huggins eine wesentliche Rolle spielte, wie The Bold Ones: The Lawyers, Alias Smith und Jones,  Detektiv Rockford – Anruf genügt oder Baretta, bei denen sie jeweils auch als Filmeditorin tätig war. Sie war auch an anderen Produktionen von Huggins als Filmeditorin tätig. Dies waren mehrere Fernsehfilme, wie zum Beispiel This Is the West that Was oder The Invasion of Johnson County, aber auch die Serie Hunter. Andere Autoren und Produzenten mit denen sie zusammenarbeitete waren Glen A. Larson (zum Beispiel Alias Smith und Jones und Ein Fall für Professor Chase) und Stephen J. Cannell (zum Beispiel Detektiv Rockford – Anruf genügt, Baretta, Die Schnüffler, The Greatest American Hero,  Hardcastle & McCormick, Das A-Team und Trio mit vier Fäusten). In der Serie Trio mit vier Fäusten trat sie 1984 das einzige Mal in ihrer Karriere als Regisseurin auf – in der Folge 1x06 Diamods Are for Never. Gloryette Clark starb am 8. Juni 2014 an der Parkinson-Krankheit. Sie hinterließ zwei Söhne, elf Enkel und zwei Urenkel.

Filmographie (Auswahl)

Filmeditorin

Drehbuchautorin

Auszeichnung
Bei der Primetime-Emmy-Verleihung 1972 war Gloryette Clark in der Kategorie Bestes Filmediting in einer Serie oder einer einzelnen Folge einer Serie zusammen mit Richard Bracken und J. Terry Williams für The Bold Ones: The Lawyers nominiert. Der Preis ging an Edward M. Abroms für Columbo.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmeditor
Drehbuchautor
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1934
Gestorben 2014
Frau


text:
Alicia Alfonso (1963), es una actriz uruguaya.

En 2010 recibió el premio Florencio a mejor actriz de reparto.

En 2015 le fue otorgado el premio Fraternidad entregado por la filial uruguaya de la B'nai B'rith.

Contrajo matrimonio con Sergio Lazzo, y Massimo Tenuta, es madre de Mariel.

Referencias

Actrices de teatro de Uruguay
Ganadores del premio Florencio
Premio Fraternidad
Uruguayas del siglo XX
Uruguayas del siglo XXI


text:
Oberschelden é um bairro (Stadtteil) da cidade de Siegen, na Alemanha. O mais antigo documento a mencionar a localidade - então uma aldeia independente - data de 24 de fevereiro de 1342. Entre 1966 e 1974, Oberschelden pertenceu à antiga cidade de Eiserfeld, a qual, em 1° de janeiro de 1975, foi encorporada à cidade de Siegen.

Oberschelden é limitada, ao norte, pelo bairro de Seelbach; a leste, pelo centro de Siegen e pelo bairro de Gosenbach; ao sul, pelo bairro de Niederschelden e pelo distrito de Altenkirchen - este pertencente ao estado Renânia-Palatinado; a oeste, pela cidade de Freudenberg. Em 31 de dezembro de 2015, o número de moradores do bairro era de 1 187.

Bairros de Siegen


text:
Голови́нське шосе́ — шосе у Москві, на території районів «Головинський» і  «Войківський» Північного адміністративного округу.

Опис
Бере початок від Ленінградського шосе, на шосе розташований вихід з метро Водний стадіон, закінчується на розі з Нарвською, Виборзькою та Міхалковською вулицею.

Походження назви
Шосе отримало назву від села Головіно.

Об'єкти
 Головинське кладовище
 Храм святих Царських мучеників і всіх новомучеників й сповідників Російських (Російська православна автономна церква)

Примітки


text:
Orry-Kelly was the professional name of Orry George Kelly (31 December 1897 – 27 February 1964), an Australian-American Hollywood costume designer. Until being overtaken by Catherine Martin in 2014, he was the most prolific Australian-born Oscar winner, having won three Academy Awards for Best Costume Design.

Biography

Early life
Orry-Kelly was born in Kiama, New South Wales, Australia, and was known as Jack Kelly. His father William Kelly was born on the Isle of Man and was a gentleman tailor in Kiama. Orry was a name of an ancient king of the Isle of Man. Orry-Kelly was sent to Sydney at age 17 to study banking, and there he developed his interest in theatre.

Move to the U.S.
Orry-Kelly journeyed to New York City to pursue an acting career and shared an apartment in Greenwich Village with Charles Phelps (also known as Charlie Spangles) and Cary Grant, with whom, he wrote, he had an on-again, off-again relationship until the 1930s. A job painting murals in a nightclub led to his employment by Fox East Coast studios illustrating titles. He designed costumes and sets for Broadway's Shubert Revues and George White's Scandals. He served with the United States Army Air Corps during World War II until being discharged for alcohol problems.

Hollywood

After moving to Hollywood in 1932, Orry-Kelly was hired by Warner Bros. as their chief costume designer and he remained there until 1944. He was encouraged to hyphenate his name for film credits in order to appear more exotic. Later, his designs were also seen in films at Universal, RKO, 20th Century Fox, and MGM studios. He won three Academy Awards for Best Costume Design (for An American in Paris, Les Girls, and Some Like It Hot) and was nominated for a fourth (for Gypsy). In addition to his film work he was also a portrait artist and was permitted to undertake private commissions for gowns and ready to wear dresses.

Orry-Kelly worked on many films now considered classics, including 42nd Street, The Maltese Falcon, Casablanca, Arsenic and Old Lace, Harvey, Oklahoma!, Auntie Mame, and Some Like It Hot. He designed for all the great actresses of the day, including Bette Davis, Kay Francis, Ruth Chatterton, Marilyn Monroe, Olivia de Havilland, Katharine Hepburn, Dolores del Río, Ava Gardner, Ann Sheridan, Barbara Stanwyck, and Merle Oberon.

Orry-Kelly was known for his ability to "design for distraction" to compensate for difficult figure shapes. When Orry-Kelly was first assigned to films with Kay Francis they would dissect her parts. She would be dressed in opposition to the role, with the traditional femme fatale or manipulative character in frills and the honest heroine in a tailored, classic suit. Orry-Kelly would apply this aesthetic in the creation of gowns for a number of Bette Davis's characters as well. Orry-Kelly also had the job of creating clothes for the cross-dressing characters played by Tony Curtis and Jack Lemmon in Some Like It Hot. His skill is shown by the fact that while Some Like It Hot was in production, Curtis and Lemmon would go into the ladies' room after eating lunch without being spotted as men. He wrote that when he finished draping Dolores del Río in white jersey, "she became a Greek goddess ... she was incredibly beautiful". The elegant clothes he designed for Bergman's character in Casablanca have been described as "pitch perfect".

In addition to designing, Kelly wrote a column, "Hollywood Fashion Parade", for the International News Service, owned by William Randolph Hearst, during the years of World War II. Kelly's memoirs, entitled Women I've Undressed were discovered in the care of a relative, as a result of publicity surrounding Gillian Armstrong's 2015 documentary on Kelly, Women He's Undressed. The memoir was published for the first time in 2015.

Death
A longtime alcoholic, Orry-Kelly died of liver cancer in Hollywood in 1964 at the age of 66 and was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Hollywood Hills. His pallbearers included Cary Grant, Tony Curtis, Billy Wilder and George Cukor and his eulogy was read by Jack L. Warner. He had no living relatives when he died so his personal effects and Academy Awards were stored by Ann Warner, wife of his friend and former boss, Jack. The Oscars were among the items in an exhibition entitled Orry-Kelly: Dressing Hollywood, at the Australian Centre for the Moving Image in August 2015.

Costume design credits

The Match King (1932)
Frisco Jenny (1932)
20,000 Years in Sing Sing (1932)
Central Park (1932)
Silver Dollar (1932)
I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang (1932)
You Said a Mouthful (1932)
They Call It Sin (1932)
Scarlet Dawn (1932)
Three on a Match (1932)
The Cabin in the Cotton (1932)
The Crash (1932)
One Way Passage (1932)
Tiger Shark (1932)
Life Begins (1932)
Two Against the World (1932)
Crooner (1932)
Winner Take All (1932)
The Rich Are Always with Us (1932)
So Big! (1932)
The Working Man (1933)
Lady Killer (1933)
Son of a Sailor (1933)
Convention City (1933)
The House on 56th Street (1933)
Havana Widows (1933)
Female (1933)
College Coach (1933)
The Kennel Murder Case (1933)
Goodbye Again (1933)
Captured! (1933)
Voltaire (1933)
Mary Stevens, M.D. (1933)
She Had to Say Yes (1933)
The Narrow Corner (1933)
Baby Face (1933)
The Mayor of Hell (1933)
Heroes for Sale AKA Breadline (1933)
The Life of Jimmy Dolan (1933)
Private Detective 62 (1933)
The Silk Express (1933)
Gold Diggers of 1933 (1933)
Ex-Lady (1933)
Lilly Turner (1933)
Picture Snatcher (1933)
Elmer, the Great (1933)
The Adopted Father (1933)
Central Airport (1933)
The Little Giant (1933)
The Mind Reader (1933)
The Keyhole (1933)
Girl Missing (1933)
Blondie Johnson (1933)
Grand Slam (1933)
Mystery of the Wax Museum (1933)
Ladies They Talk About (1933)
42nd Street (1933)
Hard to Handle (1933)
Parachute Jumper (1933)
Employees' Entrance (1933)
The King's Vacation (1933)
Lawyer Man (1933)
Heat Lightning (1934)
Wonder Bar (1934)
As the Earth Turns (1934)
Fashion Follies (1934)
Fashions of 1934 (1934)
Mandalay (1934)
Dark Hazard (1934)
I've Got Your Number (1934)
Bedside (1934)
Hi, Nellie! (1934)
Massacre (1934)
Easy to Love (1934)
The Big Shakedown (1934)
Sweet Adeline (1934)
I Sell Anything (1934)
Murder in the Clouds (1934)
The Secret Bride (1934)
Babbitt (1934)
Flirtation Walk (1934)
I Am a Thief (1934)
Gentlemen Are Born (1934)
Big Hearted Herbert (1934)
The Firebird (1934)
The St. Louis Kid (1934)
Happiness Ahead (1934)
Kansas City Princess (1934)
Madame Du Barry (1934)
A Lost Lady (1934)
The Case of the Howling Dog (1934)
British Agent (1934)
Desirable (1934)
The Dragon Murder Case (1934)
Dames (1934)
Side Streets (1934)
Housewife (1934)
The Personality Kid (1934)
Friends of Mr. Sweeney (1934)
A Very Honorable Guy (1934)
Midnight Alibi (1934)
Return of the Terror (1934)
Here Comes the Navy (1934)
Dr. Monica (1934)
The Circus Clown (1934)
Fog Over Frisco (1934)
The Key (1934)
The Merry Frinks (1934)
Smarty (1934)
He Was Her Man (1934)
Merry Wives of Reno (1934)
Upperworld (1934)
Twenty Million Sweethearts (1934)
Harold Teen (1934)
Registered Nurse (1934)
A Modern Hero (1934)
Gambling Lady (1934)
Jimmy the Gent (1934)
Journal of a Crime (1934)
Stars Over Broadway (1935)
The Payoff (1935)
I Found Stella Parish (1935)
Shipmates Forever (1935)
Personal Maid's Secret (1935)
I Live for Love (1935)
The Goose and the Gander (1935)
Little Big Shot (1935)
Page Miss Glory (1935)
Going Highbrow (1935)
We're in the Money (1935)
The Irish in Us (1935)
Bright Lights (1935)
Broadway Gondolier (1935)
Stranded (1935)
Oil for the Lamps of China (1935)
The Girl from 10th Avenue (1935)
In Caliente (1935)
Go into Your Dance (1935)
The Case of the Curious Bride (1935)
The Florentine Dagger (1935)
Traveling Saleslady (1935)
Gold Diggers of 1935 (1935)
Living on Velvet (1935)
While the Patient Slept (1935)
The Right to Live (1935)
The Woman in Red (1935)
Devil Dogs of the Air (1935)
Bordertown (1935)
Maybe It's Love (1935)
The White Cockatoo (1935)
Dangerous (1935)
The Widow from Monte Carlo (1935)
The Girl from 10th Avenue (1935)
Broadway Hostess (1935)
Miss Pacific Fleet (1935)
Frisco Kid (1935)
Gold Diggers of 1937 (1936)
Three Men on a Horse (1936)
Here Comes Carter (1936)
Polo Joe (1936)
Isle of Fury (1936)
Cain and Mabel (1936)
Give Me Your Heart (1936)
Stage Struck (1936)
China Clipper (1936)
Jailbreak (1936)
Satan Met a Lady (1936)
The White Angel (1936)
Hearts Divided (1936)
Murder by an Aristocrat (1936)
The Golden Arrow (1936)
The Law in Her Hands (1936)
Sons o' Guns (1936)
The Gentleman from Big Bend (1936)
I Married a Doctor (1936)
The Singing Kid (1936)
Snowed Under (1936)
Colleen (1936)
The Walking Dead (1936)
The Petrified Forest (1936)
Freshman Love (1936)
Ceiling Zero (1936)
Hollywood Hotel (1937)
First Lady (1937)
It's Love I'm After (1937)
That Certain Woman (1937)
Confession (1937)
The Singing Marine (1937)
Ever Since Eve (1937)
Another Dawn (1937)
Kid Galahad (1937)
The Go Getter (1937)
Call It a Day (1937)
Marked Woman (1937)
Grand Passion (1937)
Green Light (1937)
Stolen Holiday (1937)
Tovarich (1937)
Comet Over Broadway (1938)
Angels with Dirty Faces (1938)
The Sisters (1938)
Secrets of an Actress (1938)
Four Daughters (1938)
All Rights Reserved (1938)
My Bill (1938)
Women Are Like That (1938)
Jezebel (1938)
On Your Toes (1939)
The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex (1939)
The Old Maid (1939)
When Tomorrow Comes (1939)
Indianapolis Speedway (1939)
Juarez (1939)
Dark Victory (1939)
Women in the Wind (1939)
The Oklahoma Kid (1939)
Wings of the Navy (1939)
King of the Underworld (1939)
The Letter (1940)
A Dispatch from Reuters (1940)
No Time for Comedy (1940)
My Love Came Back (1940)
All This, and Heaven Too (1940)
The Sea Hawk (1940)
'Til We Meet Again (1940)
Virginia City (1940)
The Maltese Falcon (1941)
The Little Foxes (1941)
The Bride Came C.O.D. (1941)
Throwing a Party (1941 short)
Million Dollar Baby (1941)
Affectionately Yours (1941)
The Great Lie (1941)
The Lady and the Lug (1941 short)
The Strawberry Blonde (1941)
Honeymoon for Three (1941)
Casablanca (1942)
George Washington Slept Here (1942)
Now, Voyager (1942)
In This Our Life (1942)
Murder in the Big House (1942)
Always in My Heart (1942)
Kings Row (1942)
Wild Bill Hickok Rides (1942)
The Man Who Came to Dinner (1942)
Old Acquaintance (1943)
Princess O'Rourke (1943)
Watch on the Rhine (1943)
This Is the Army (1943)
Mission to Moscow (1943)
Edge of Darkness (1943)
The Hard Way (1943)
Arsenic and Old Lace (1944)
Mr. Skeffington (1944)
The Adventures of Mark Twain (1944)
The Dolly Sisters (1945)
Conflict (1945)
The Corn Is Green (1945)
Temptation (1946)
London Town (1946)
A Stolen Life (1946)
Mother Wore Tights (1947)
Something in the Wind (1947)
Ivy (1947)
The Shocking Miss Pilgrim (1947)
Rogues' Regiment (1948)
Larceny (1948)
For the Love of Mary (1948)
One Touch of Venus (1948)
Berlin Express (1948)
A Woman's Vengeance (1948)
Night Song (1948)
Undertow (1949)
Once More, My Darling (1949)
Johnny Stool Pigeon (1949)
Take One False Step (1949)
The Lady Gambles (1949)
Caught (1949)
Family Honeymoon (1949)
Harvey (1950)
South Sea Sinner (1950)
Deported (1950)
One Way Street (1950)
Woman in Hiding (1950)
An American in Paris (1951)
Under the Gun (1951)
The Star (1952)
Pat and Mike (1952)
The Lady Says No (1952)
Oklahoma! (1955)
Auntie Mame (1958)
Wonderful Town (1958 television film)
Too Much, Too Soon (1958)
Les Girls (1957)
Some Like It Hot (1959)
The Hanging Tree (1959)
A Majority of One (1961)
Two for the Seesaw (1962)
Gypsy (1962)
The Chapman Report (1962)
Five Finger Exercise (1962)
Sweet Bird of Youth (1962)
Sunday in New York (1963)
Irma la Douce (1963)
In the Cool of the Day (1963)

References

External links

1897 births
1964 deaths
Australian costume designers
Best Costume Design Academy Award winners
American gay artists
LGBT fashion designers
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
20th-century American LGBT people


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WAUR (1550 kHz) is an AM radio station licensed to Somonauk, Illinois. The station is owned and operated by Nelson Multimedia Inc., and currently airs a classic hits format. Additional programming includes local news, high school sports, a weekly fishing and outdoor program, and NASCAR racing.

The studios are located on Washington Street in downtown Morris, the station's original community of license. Previous studio locations include above the old downtown Hornsby's Five and Dime store on Liberty St. In 1977, the studios moved to the 3rd floor of the Baum Building and later to the Business and Technology Center on North Rt. 47 in Morris. WAUR's current sister station is WJDK-FM (95.7) with studios in the same building and a transmitter located between Kinsman and Seneca, Illinois.

Prior to adopting its current classic hits programming, the then-WCSJ had carried Timeless network programming from Citadel Broadcasting until the network's shutdown in February 2010.

External links
WAUR's website

AUR (AM)
Grundy County, Illinois
Radio stations established in 1964
1964 establishments in Illinois


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Emeric Thököly de Késmárk (; ; ; ; 25 September 1657  13 September 1705) was a Hungarian nobleman,  leader of anti-Habsburg uprisings like his father, Count István Thököly, before him. Emeric was Prince of Upper Hungary, an Ottoman vassal state, from 1682 to 1685, and briefly Prince of Transylvania during the year 1690. Having formed an alliance with the Turks, Thököly assisted the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Vienna in 1683 and led the Turkish cavalry at the battle of Zenta. Refusing to surrender to Habsburg Emperor Leopold I, Thököly lost his principality of Upper Hungary and finally retired to Galata, near Constantinople, with large estates granted him by Mustafa II.

Early life

Emeric was born in Késmárk in Royal Hungary (now Kežmarok in Slovakia) on 25 September 1657 as the fifth son of Count István Thököly and Mária Gyulaffy. His father was one of the wealthiest aristocrats in Upper Hungary (in present-day Slovakia); his mother was the granddaughter of Stephen Bethlen, who had been prince of Transylvania in 1630, she was related to three princes of Transylvania. Being his parents' only son to survive childhood, Emeric inherited when he was still a child his mother's estates in the Principality of Transylvania in 1659. His uncle, Count Francis Rhédey, Prince of Transylvania who died in 1667, also bequeathed his domains in Máramaros County to Emeric. A significant part of Emeric's inherited lands were located in Máramaros County. István Thököly persuaded Michael I Apafi, Prince of Transylvania, to make Emeric the ispán (or head) of the county in 1667. Actually, Apafi's influential counselor, Mihály Teleki, administered Máramaros on behalf of the minor ispán.

Emeric started his formal studies at the Lutheran lyceum in Eperjes (now Prešov in Slovakia) in January 1668. Being an intelligent student, he quickly understood the main aspects of Lutheran theology and learnt to write long texts in perfect Latin. He played the role of the king of Hungary in a drama presented at the school in October 1669.

István Thököly was accused of participating in the leading aristocrats' conspiracy against the Habsburg monarch, Leopold I, in 1670. Being concerned about his son's safety, he ordered Emeric to return to Késmárk. They soon moved to Árva Castle (now Orava Castle in Slovakia), which stood near the border of Hungary and Poland. The king's troops laid siege to the fortress and István Thököly died during the siege on 4 December. According to one version of the story of the siege, Emeric escaped from the fortress through a tunnel after his father died and fled first to Poland, then to Transylvania. Other sources say that his father had sent Emeric to Likava Castle before the siege of Árva began, and he fled to Transylvania after learning of his father's death.

In exile

Leopold I's soldiers suppressed all resistance in Royal Hungary. Hundreds of noblemen were dispossessed of their estates; foreign mercenaries replaced the Hungarian troops in the fortresses and started plundering the nearby towns and villages. Leopold I did not respect the fundamental laws of the kingdom and appointed a Directorium to administer Hungary in 1673, led by Johann Caspar von Ampringen, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order. The new government pursued a violent anti-Protestant policy and dozens of Protestant pastors were sentenced to slavery. The persecuted Hungariansexpelled noblemen, ousted soldiers and fugitive serfssought refuge in Ottoman Hungary and the Partium. The refugees, who were called kuruc, made frequent raids against the borderlands of Royal Hungary.

Emeric's patrimony was confiscated, but he remained a wealthy man because he retained his Transylvanian estates. He accepted Mihály Teleki's advice and continued his studies at the Reformed college of Nagyenyed (now Aiud in Romania). Contemporaneous diaries evidence that the handsome young count easily enchanted both men and women.

The envoys of Louis XIV of France and Apafi signed a treaty in Warsaw in May 1677. The French promised to send an annual subsidy to the Kuruc to finance their fight against the Habsburgs. Apafi did not declare war on Leopold I, but promised to secure the professional command of the Kuruc troops and to provide asylum to them in case of defeats. Emeric soon started to urge Apafi to allow him to join the refugees. Louis XIV's envoy, Abbé Dominique Révérend, who met with Imre around that time, described him as "the most powerful lord and the most honest man in Hungary". The princely council appointed Emeric to command the Kuruc army on 26 September. Apafi also authorized him to raise volunteer troops in Transylvania.

Uprising

Emeric and the Transylvanian volunteers joined the Kuruc at Derecske on 27 November 1677. His revenues from his Transylvanian estates enabled him to improve the equipment of the army. According to a new French–Transylvanian treaty, Mihály Teleki was installed as the supreme commander of the Kuruc army on 16 February 1678, but Teleki's appointment did not affect Emeric's actual leadership. The Kuruc and Transylvanian troops assembled near Tasnád (now Tășnad in Romania), before they invaded Royal Hungary in June. Emeric captured the fortresses of Szendrő and Murány in early August.

Teleki and the Transylvanian army attacked Eperjes, but they abandoned the siege as soon as they were informed of the arrival of a relieving army in the middle of the month. Emeric continued the invasion with the support of local Slovak peasants. He captured Igló and Rózsahegy (now Spišská Nová Ves and Ružomberok in Slovakia), and the mining towns along the river Garam (Hron). Besztercebánya (now Banská Bystrica in Slovakia) surrendered without resistance on 10 October. Although he had to abandon the mining towns after he was defeated at Barsszentkereszt (now Žiar nad Hronom in Slovakia) on 1 November, he continued to control 13 counties in Royal Hungary.

Encouraged by promises of help from Louis XIV of France, the anti-Habsburg rebels now rose "pro libertate et justitia", and chose the youthful Thököly as their leader. The war began in 1678. Eastern Hungarian Kingdom and central Hungarian mining towns were soon in Thököly's possession. In 1681, reinforced by 10,000 Transylvanians and a Turkish army under the Pasha of Nagyvárad (today Oradea, Romania), he compelled the Emperor to grant an armistice. In June 1682 he married Croatian countess Jelena Zrinska (in Hungarian: Zrínyi Ilona), the widow of Prince Francis I Rákóczi.

Thököly's distrust of the Emperor now induced him to turn for help to Sultan Mehmed IV, who gave him the title "King of Upper Hungary" (Ķıralı Orta Macar) – partly coinciding with present-day Slovakia – on condition that he pay an annual tribute of 40,000 tallers. In the course of the same year Thököly captured fortress after fortress from the Emperor and extended his dominions to the Vág (Slovak: Váh) river. At the two Diets held by him, at Kassa (today Košice, Slovakia) and Tállya, in 1683, the estates, though not uninfluenced by his personal charm, showed some want of confidence in him, fearing he might sacrifice national independence to the Turkish alliance. They refused therefore to grant him either subsidies or a levy en masse, and he had to take what he wanted by force.

Alliance with the Ottoman Empire

Thököly materially assisted the Turks in the Battle of Vienna in 1683, and shared the fate of the gigantic Turkish army. The Turkish Grand Vizier nevertheless laid the blame for the Turkish defeat in Vienna on Thököly, who thereupon hastened to Edirne to defend himself before the Turkish Sultan. Shortly afterwards, perceiving that the Turkish cause was now lost, he sought the mediation of Polish king John III Sobieski to reconcile him with the Emperor, offering to lay down his arms if the Emperor would confirm the religious rights of the Protestants in Hungary and grant him, Thököly, Upper Hungary (more exactly, 13 northeastern counties of Royal Hungary) with the title of prince. Leopold refused these terms and demanded an unconditional surrender. Thököly then renewed the war. However, the campaign of 1685 was a series of disasters, he was defeated at Prešov (Eperjes) and when he sought help from the Turks at Nagyvárad they seized him and sent him in chains to Edirne (possibly because of his previous negotiations with Leopold), whereupon most of his followers made their peace with the Emperor.

In 1686 Thököly was released from his dungeon and sent with a small army into Transylvania, but both this expedition and a similar one in 1688 ended in failure. The Turks then again grew suspicious of him and imprisoned him a second time. In 1690, however, they dispatched him into Transylvania a third time with 16,000 men, and in September he routed the united forces of Gen. Donat Heissler and Count Mihály Teleki at Zărneşti. After this great victory Thököly was elected prince of Transylvania by the Kereszténysziget (probably Oprişani now) Diet, but could not maintain his position for long against the imperial armies. In 1691 he quit Transylvania altogether. He led the Turkish cavalry at the Battle of Slankamen and served valiantly but vainly against Austria during the remainder of the war, especially distinguishing himself at the Battle of Zenta (1697).

He was excluded by name from the amnesty promised to the Hungarian rebels by the Treaty of Karlowitz (26 January 1699). After one more unsuccessful attempt, in 1700, to recover the principality, he settled down at Galata with his wife. From Sultan Mustafa II he received large estates and the title of count of Widdin. He died in 1705 in İzmit. He is buried in Kežmarok in the mausoleum of the so-called new church.

Legacy
His statue is part of Heroes' Square in Budapest, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
For his 300th death anniversary, his name was given to a street in İzmit. A memorial dedicated to him and his wife is also present in a park in İzmit.

References

Sources

External links
Angelfire.com: Detailed timeline of Hungarian history
Pigault-Lebrun: The history of Tekeli. 1815
MAGYARORSZÁG TÖRTÉNETE I. 17th-century Hungarian people
18th-century Hungarian people  LIPÓT ÉS I. JÓZSEF KORÁBAN (1657–1711). In Szilagyi, Sandor: A magyar nemzet története. [History of the Hungarian nation]. http://mek.oszk.hu/00800/00893/html/

Monarchs of Transylvania
People of the Great Turkish War
1657 births
1705 deaths
People from Kežmarok
Hungarian Lutherans
Hungary under Habsburg rule
Ottoman period in Hungary
17th century in Hungary


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Il volto della battaglia - Azincourt, Waterloo, la Somme è un saggio del 1976 ad opera dello storico militare inglese John Keegan.

Il libro descrive la struttura della guerra in tre periodi - Europa medievale, età napoleonica, prima guerra mondiale - mediante l'analisi di tre battaglie: Azincourt, Waterloo e la Somme. Tutti e tre gli eventi ebbero come protagonisti soldati britannici.

Contenuti
Il lavoro è fortemente innovativo per l'epoca in cui venne pubblicato, perché non esamina le battaglie dalla sola prospettiva dei generali, né si limita ad una pura antologia di aneddoti narrati dall'ultimo soldato semplice. Piuttosto, si concentra sulla dinamica concreta, "operativa", della battaglia, vagliandone al contempo criticamente i luoghi comuni, più o meno leggendari. Per esempio, Keegan mette in dubbio la celebrata efficacia delle cariche di cavalleria nello stesso Medioevo: ad Azincourt, gli arcieri, protetti da leggere armature, piantavano pali nel terreno per ostacolare i cavalli, e perfino la "comune" fanteria - se manteneva saldamente lo schieramento di formazione previsto - poco doveva temere dai cavalieri.

In questa cornice, l'autore passa in rassegna la disposizione delle truppe, l'efficienza di armi e schieramenti, ed altre misure d'importanza tattica. Si immedesima anche nell'esperienza di ciascun combattente (anche se in realtà confessa si non avere una personale pratica nel campo, pur avendo trascorso una vita ad insegnare agli ufficiali in accademia). Pur essendo un'opera veramente valida sotto vari profili, in un certo qual modo risente dell'amor patrio di Keegan, che quasi sempre conclude affermando sostanzialmente la superiorità (soprattutto morale) del combattente inglese rispetto agli avversari.

Sommario

 I. Cose vecchie, tristi, remote
 Una piccola lezione
 L'utilità della storia militare
 Le deficienze della storia militare
 Il "pezzo di battaglia"
 "Uccidere non è un delitto?"
 La storia della storia militare
 La tradizione narrativa
 Verdetto o verità?
 II. Azincourt, 25 ottobre 1415
 La campagna
 La battaglia
 Arcieri contro fanteria e cavalleria
 Cavalleria contro fanteria
 Fanteria contro fanteria
 Il massacro dei prigionieri
 I feriti
 La volontà di combattere
 III. Waterloo, 18 giugno 1815
 La campagna
 Il punto di vista personale
 Le circostanze concrete
 Tipi di combattimento
 Combattimento singolo
 Cavalleria contro cavalleria
 Cavalleria contro artiglieria
 Cavalleria contro fanteria
 Fanteria contro fanteria
 Disgregazione
 Le conseguenze
 I feriti
 IV. La Somme, 1º luglio 1916
 Il campo di battaglia
 Il piano
 I preparativi
 L'esercito
 La tattica
 Il bombardamento
 Gli ultimi preliminari
 La battaglia
 Fanteria contro mitraglieri
 Fanteria contro fanteria
 Panoramica della terra di nessuno
 I feriti
 La volontà di combattere
 Commemorazione
 V. Il futuro della battaglia
 Il campo di battaglia mobile
 La natura della battaglia
 Le tendenze della battaglia
 Durata nel tempo
 Pericoli obiettivi
 Esposizione
 Incidenti
 Difficoltà tecniche
 Il volto disumano della guerra
 L'abolizione della battaglia

Il massacro dei prigionieri di Azincourt

Questa parte del libro contiene alcune delle pagine più acute dell'autore. Converrà ricordare brevemente l'antefatto.

In una fase della battaglia, il re inglese (Enrico V d'Inghilterra) comandò di uccidere i prigionieri di guerra francesi. L'azione – per quanto esecrabile sotto svariati profili – aveva una sensata giustificazione sul piano meramente tattico: vi era stata un'imprevista sortita francese nelle retrovie britanniche (dove tra l'altro si custodivano i catturati, anche se probabilmente il colpo di mano mirava ai carriaggi) e vi era motivo di temere che i prigionieri ne approfittassero per riarmarsi (il terreno era ingombro di ogni sorta di materiale bellico) e riprendere il combattimento (il cui felice esito per Enrico era obiettivamente tutt'altro che acquisito).

Enrico V, nel momento stesso in cui l'emergenza rientrò, comandò in ogni caso che l'uccisione a sangue freddo cessasse (con ciò confermando la natura puramente "utilitaristica" di questa operazione militare, per la quale non fu minimamente biasimato da alcuna autorità civile o religiosa del tempo).

I prigionieri erano quasi esclusivamente "uomini d'arme" (ossia combattenti benestanti, che si potevano permettere un'armatura). Gli inglesi del loro stesso ceto si rifiutarono di eseguire l'ordine regio, per la cui attuazione fu necessario ricorrere ad un manipolo di arcieri, comandati da uno scudiero. Va detto che gli arcieri appartenevano a classi sociali più umili, quando non fossero stati dei veri e propri avanzi di galera.

Analisi psicosociale
Indipendentemente dal fatto che i caduti in questa operazione dovrebbero in realtà essere stati un numero piuttosto limitato (per una serie di ragioni che Keegan individua con spietato realismo, facendo anche riferimento a massacri occorsi in età contemporanea) è interessante soprattutto l'esame che lo scrittore conduce sulle motivazioni del rifiuto opposto dagli "uomini d'arme" suoi antenati.

 Scrupoli religiosi: indubbiamente l'azione di uccidere un "cristiano" disarmato doveva apparire ripugnante, ma la morale del tempo considerava comunque la guerra come una sorta di "zona franca".
 Scrupoli morali in genere: non vi è dubbio che il massacro contraddicesse le regole cavalleresche, cui certamente aderivano, sinceramente, gli uomini d'arme riluttanti.
 Motivazioni venali: il prigioniero che si arrendeva diventava, all'epoca, una sorta di "proprietà privata" del singolo avversario cui si era arreso, il quale (oltre a depredare lo sconfitto) richiedeva un riscatto per concedere la libertà al vinto. Le cronache dell'epoca riferirono, infatti, che i francesi più nobili vennero espressamente esentati dalla strage, ed anzi cenarono con il re inglese la sera stessa. È altrettanto significativa la circostanza che gli arresi troppo malandati o troppo poco abbienti quasi certamente non venivano fatti prigionieri (ma finiti sul posto).

Edizioni

Note

Voci correlate
 La maschera del comando

Volto della battaglia
Volto della battaglia
Volto della battaglia


text:
La nettarinia di Hachisuka (Aethopyga primigenia ()) è un uccello della famiglia Nectariniidae, endemico delle Filippine.

Distribuzione e habitat
È un endemismo ristretto all'isola di Mindanao, dove è abbastanza comune nelle foreste montane al di sopra dei 1.000 m di altitudine.

Conservazione
La IUCN Red List, considerata la relativa frammentazione del suo areale, classifica Aethopyga primigenia come specie prossima alla minaccia (Near Threatened).

Note

Voci correlate
Uccelli delle Filippine

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Nectariniidae


text:
The COVID-19 pandemic in Samoa is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (). The virus was confirmed to have reached Samoa on 18 November 2020. The country reported its second case on 27 November.

In January 2022, Samoa reported several cases in managed isolation among passengers from an Australian repatriation flight, reaching a total of 26 cases by 25 January. In response, the Samoan Government imposed a nationwide lockdown, which was subsequently extended on 25 January 2022.

Background
On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.

The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.

Timeline

January 2020
Travel into Samoa was increasingly restricted in an effort to prevent the spread of COVID-19 into the country. Before entering the country, people were required to have spent at least 14 days in a country free of the virus, as well as complete a medical clearance. On 27 January 2020, the Government of Samoa ordered all travellers entering Samoa to fill in a Special Health Declaration form. The Government also required mainland Chinese travelers to self-isolate themselves for 14 days and discouraged travel to China or other countries affected by COVID-19 virus.

Two Samoan nationals who had briefly stopped in China were placed into quarantine on 28 January for two weeks at the Faleolo District Hospital.

February 2020
On 3 February 2020, four Samoan nationals (three students and a former student) were evacuated from Wuhan aboard a chartered Air New Zealand flight with assistance from New Zealand, Australia, and the Chinese authorities.

On 9 February, eight Samoan nationals travelling from India via Singapore and Fiji were denied entry into Samoa and sent back to Fiji. The Samoan authorities had designated Singapore a high risk country due to the surge in cases there. These Samoans were housed at a hotel in Nadi, Fiji and not allowed to return to Samoa until the next weekend.

On 22 February, Samoa banned all cruise ships from visiting the country. On 29 February, the government announced restrictions on air travel, with the frequency of international flights into Samoa being reduced from 2 March.

March 2020
On 18 March, Samoa reported its first suspected case of the coronavirus, an individual who had traveled from New Zealand. Bodily samples from the person were taken to Melbourne for testing. The patient was placed into isolation at Apia's Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital. Samples were sent to Melbourne for testing, which could take 10-20 working days to return. In response, the Samoan Government required all travelers including Samoan citizens to undergo a medical checkup upon returning. On 20 March, Samoa declared a state of emergency, closing its borders to all but returning citizens.

On 21 March, the Samoan Health Ministry confirmed that eight suspected cases of the coronavirus were being tested. All of these individuals had a prior history of travel or contact with relatives who traveled abroad. On 22 March, Prime Minister Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi announced that the first suspected case of COVID-19 had been cleared of the virus. While he confirmed that six of the eight suspected cases had tested negative for the coronavirus, they were still awaiting test results for the remaining two patients from New Zealand. That same day, Samoa also suspended air travel with Australia and restricted flights from New Zealand.

On 24 March, it was reported that a total of seven suspected cases of the coronavirus were awaiting testing in New Zealand.

On 25 March, Malielegaoi announced that individuals that did not adhere to the COVID-19 restriction would be fined. On 26 March, the Samoan Government introduced lockdown measures including banning fishing boats from entering Samoa and fining businesses that breached the quarantine. Only cargo ships carrying goods and petrol were allowed to enter Samoa.

April 2020
On 11 April, the Samoan Government passed a US$23.6 million relief package to help the country's hotel sector, which had been forced to lay-off 500 hotel workers by the economic fallout of the coronavirus pandemic.
On 15 April, the Samoan Government eased some state of emergency restrictions including reopening inter-islander maritime travel and public transportation with restrictions on operating hours and passengers. Restaurants and markets were allowed to reopen with limited hours. However, social distancing rules and other emergency restrictions remained in force.

On 20 April, Radio New Zealand reported that nearly 300 had been arrested in Samoa for violating the "Covid-19 State of Emergency Orders", which came into force on 21 March. On 14 May, Malielegaoi ruled out the New Zealand Government's proposal for a "Pacific travel bubble" due to the unwillingness of Canberra and Wellington to test travelers and fears of a resurgence of the 2019 measles outbreak in Samoa.

June 2020
On 10 June, Prime Minister Malielegaoi announced the relaxation of lockdown restrictions on religious services, street vendors, weddings, and village matai councils. Street vendors will only be allowed to sell fruits, vegetables, cooked food and certain textiles while selling on footpaths will remain prohibited. Churches must practise two-meters social distancing but major events such as church conferences and national meetings remain prohibited. The new State of Emergency rules also allowed weddings in hotels but limited the guest list to 50 people. Market activities, beach and river excursions are banned on Sunday. There remains a five-person limit on funerals, traditional title bestowals, birthdays, reunions, and opening ceremonies for building.

November 2020
Following the detection of three new cases in American Samoa resulting from sea travel, Samoan authorities have launched an investigation into whether the three infected individuals had disembarked from their container ship Fesco Askold which had docked in Apia's port over the weekend.

On 18 November, Samoa confirmed its first potential case: a sailor who had returned from Auckland, New Zealand the previous week. The sailor had undergone managed isolation. He had tested positive the previous night but subsequently tested negative during a second test. He was cared for at an isolation ward in Tupua Tamasese Motootua Hospital. The sailor subsequently tested negative for COVID-19 during a third nasal swab test and remained under observation. He was part of a contingent of 27 Samoan sailors who had working with the Mediterranean Shipping Company in Europe. The sailors were part of a contingent of 247 passengers who had been repatriated to Samoa on a chartered Air New Zealand flight.

On 24 November, Samoa extended its quarantine period from 14 to 21 days as a result of a spike in COVID-19 cases in California.

On 27 November, Samoa reported its second case in managed isolation, a 70-year-old man who had traveled from Melbourne and Auckland to Apia on the same flight as the first suspected case. It is possible both cases were simply detection of viral fragments from non-contagious historical cases as neither case had symptoms and their close contacts tested negative.

December 2020
On 29 December, Samoa banned travellers from the United Kingdom and South Africa under a new amended travel advisory for repatriation flights. This in response to a discovery of variants of the coronavirus VOC 2020/12/01 and 501.V2 variant which appears to be more contagious than previous variants.

February 2021
A third positive PCR test was returned on 12 February 2021.

March 2021
On 24 March 2021, Dr Take Naseri, the Director-General of Health, confirmed that individuals 18 years old and over would receive the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. However, those aged 85 years and over and with terminal illnesses would not be vaccinated. Samoa had received 79,000 AstraZeneca vaccine doses with the assistance of New Zealand.

May 2021
In early May 2021, Dr Naseri confirmed that Samoa would reopen its borders once 98% of the population had been vaccinated. By 8 May, 10,911 individuals (roughly seven percent of the population) had been vaccinated. A further 55,000 vaccines were expected to reach Samoa in June 2021. Samoan health authorities were in negotiation with New Zealand to procure more AstraZeneca vaccine doses.

August 2021
On 11 August, Samoa Health authorities launched a country-wide door-to-door mass vaccination campaign. The National Emergency Operations Committee also announced that more than half of the eligible population had received their first dose and 22 percent had been fully vaccinated.

January 2022
The Scientific Research Organization of Samoa received new equipment to aid in diagnosis.  International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) had dispatched equipment to countries around the world to enable them to use a nuclear-derived technique to rapidly detect the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 and Samoa was on the list.

On 20 January, Samoa reported ten cases in managed isolation, who had arrived on a Qantas charter flight from Brisbane in Australia. The youngest individual was an 11 month old baby while the oldest individual was 63 years old. Nine passengers were identified as close contacts of the positive cases and went into isolation. In response, the Samoan Government postponed a repatriation flight from New Zealand that was scheduled to depart on 22 January.

By 22 January, the number of COVID-19 positive cases aboard the flight had risen to 15. In response, the Samoan Government imposed a 48-hour lockdown on the country from 6pm on Friday (21 January) to Monday (24 January). Under this state of emergency, all residents except for essential workers were required to stay at home and avoid the roads. Businesses, schools and restaurants were closed while travel and mass gatherings were banned. The Samoan Government also warned that lockdown violators could be fined $2,000.

On 25 January, Samoan Prime Minister Fiame Naomi Mata'afa extended the nationwide lockdown until the night of 27 January after five frontline nurses caring for the infected 15 passengers tested positive for COVID-19. In addition, the Government allowed certain businesses and services including petrol and cashpower outlets, banks, money transfer services, and chemists to open for limited hours between 8am and 2 pm. The Samoa National Emergency Operations Centre's (ECO) chairperson Agafili Shem Leo also confirmed that authorities were investigating rumors that some passengers aboard the Qantas flight were planning to attend a funeral in Samoa. That same day, the Samoan Ministry of Health confirmed 11 new cases in managed isolation, bringing the total number of COVID-19 cases to 26.

On 27 January, Samoa reported one new case, bringing the total number of confirmed case to 27. This case was a passenger from the previous week's flight from Brisbane.

On 29 January, Fiame announced that the country's nationwide lockdown would be lifted due to a lack of COVID-19 community transmissions. Workplaces and businesses were allowed to reopen while public gatherings were limited to 30 people. Only cargo flights were allowed in and out of Samoa.

On 30 January, three new border cases were reported including a four-year-old child in quarantine; bringing the total number of positive cases to 30. Samoa remained on Alert Level 2, having emerged from the nationwide lockdown.

February 2022
On 2 February, the Samoan government confirmed that a managed isolation breach occurred when a nurse and government driver left a managed isolation facility to visit an automatic transfer machine. The Samoan government also confirmed that a nurse had tested positive for COVID-19, bringing the total number of positive cases in managed isolation to 31.

March 2022
On 18 March, Samoa reported 11 new cases including one community case reported the previous day. In response, the Samoan Cabinet activated its zoning policy as part of its National COVID-19 Plan; imposed Level 3 restrictions until 22 March. Under these restrictions, supermarkets, wholesale, small shops, pharmacies, fish and fresh produce markets, and restaurants were only allowed to operate between 8am to 2pm.

July 2022
On 27 August, the Samoan Prime Minister Fiame Naomi Mataafa announced that Samoa had lifted its two-year national COVID-19 state of emergency ahead of its planned reopening of the border on 1 August 2022. She also confirmed that 93.6% of people aged 18 years and over, 92.4% of 12-17 year olds, and 91.4% of 5–11 year olds had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19.

August 2022
On 1 August, Samoa's border reopened to international travel. This announcement was welcomed by tourism operators, Samoa Tourism, and Samoa Airports Chief Silimana'i Ueta Solomona Jr. The first international flight to travel to Samoa following the lifting of border restrictions was a New Zealand Defence Force aircraft carrying a delegation of New Zealand political leaders, officials, civil society leaders, and journalists including Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern.

Statistics

New cases per day

See also
 COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa
 COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania

Notes

References

Samoa
COVID-19 pandemic in Samoa
2020 in Samoa
2021 in Samoa
2022 in Samoa
COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania


text:
Prosopocoilus jenkinsi jenkinsi es una subespecie de coleóptero de la familia Lucanidae.

Distribución geográfica
Habita en Maharashtra, Assam, Bután, Birmania y Tailandia.

Referencias

Jenkinsi jenkinsi
Coleópteros de India
Coleópteros del subcontinente indio
Coleópteros de Birmania
Coleópteros de Tailandia


text:
Paraleptosomatides är ett släkte av rundmaskar. Paraleptosomatides ingår i familjen Leptosomatidae.

Kladogram enligt Catalogue of Life:

Källor

Rundmaskar
Paraleptosomatides


text:
În geometrie, o piramidă (din ) este un poliedru format prin conectarea unei suprafețe poligonale (numită bază) cu un punct (numit vârf sau apex) prin intermediul unor linii.

Piramide cu bazele poligoane regulate
Pot fi mai multe tipuri de piramide după natura bazei:
 triunghiulară, cu baza triunghi
 patrulateră, cu baza patrulater
 pentagonală, cu baza pentagon
 hexagonală, cu baza hexagon

Apoteme ale piramidei regulate
Piramida prezintă mai multe tipuri de apoteme: cea a poligonului care formează baza și cele care sunt înălțimile triunghiurilor care formează fețele laterale ale piramidei. În cazul piramidei regulate drepte toate fețele sunt triunghiuri isoscele congruente, deci toate apotemele fețelor laterale sunt egale.

În cazul unei piramide regulate drepte, apotema piramidei este ipotenuză în triunghiul dreptunghic format de înălțimea piramidei, apotema bazei și apotema piramidei. Așadar, folosind teorema lui Pitagora în acest triunghi dreptunghic se poate afla lungimea apotemei piramidei ca radical din suma pătratelor lungimilor catetelor acestui triunghi dreptunghic al apotemei bazei și a înălțimii piramidei.

Mărimi asociate: arii și volum

Ariile unei piramide regulate drepte
Aria laterală este

unde  este perimetrul bazei, iar  este apotema piramidei.

Aria totală este

unde  este apotema bazei.

Volum
Volumul este

unde  este înălțimea piramidei.

Volumul piramidei este o treime din volumul prismei cu aceeași arie a bazei și aceeași înălțime cu a piramidei. Demonstrarea acestui enunț necesită folosirea principiului lui Bonaventura Cavalieri. Relația este valabilă pentru orice piramidă, regulată sau nu și dreaptă sau nu.

O piramidă care are toate fețele formate din triunghiuri echilaterale se numește tetraedru regulat.

Referințe

Legături externe

  The Uniform Polyhedra

Poliedre prismatoide
Piramide


text:
Akani Simbine (né le  à Kempton Park) est un athlète sud-africain, spécialiste du sprint.

Biographie
Son record sur , qui est aussi le record national, est de  89, réalisé à Székesfehérvar le . Il détient en outre avec Henricho Bruintjies, Simon Magakwe et Ncincihli Titi le record du relais 4 x  sud-africain en  35 depuis les Jeux du Commonwealth de 2014 à Glasgow.

Il participe en 2013 à ses premiers Championnats du monde sur  et réalise  38 (-0,3 m/s) en série.

En tant qu'étudiant en sciences de l'information de l'université de Pretoria, le , en battant le record des championnats universitaires, il égale le record national du  à Gwangju en 9 s 97. Le , il bat son record personnel du  en 20 s 23 en séries des Championnats du monde à Pékin. Le , il bat d'un centième le record du 100 m qu'il co-détenait à Pretoria.

Le , il remporte la médaille de bronze des Championnats d'Afrique sur 100 m en 10 s 05, derrière Ben Youssef Meïté (9 s 95) et Mosito Lehata (10 s 04). Avec le relais, il obtient le titre continental. Le , il bat lors du mémorial István-Gyulai à Székesfehérvár le record national du 100 m, en 9 s 89, en bénéficiant d'un vent de + 1,9 m/s. Dans le même meeting, il améliore également son record personnel du 200 m. À la fin de la saison, il participe aux Jeux olympiques de Rio de Janeiro et se classe cinquième de la finale du  en 9 s 94.

Le , Akani Simbine remporte la médaille d'or des Jeux du Commonwealth de Gold Coast en 10 s 03, devant son compatriote Henricho Bruintjies (10 s 17). Après les Jeux, Simbine réalise par deux fois le temps de 10 s 13, pour terminer  du Golden Gala de Rome et  du Golden Spike Ostrava. Le , en séries du Meeting de Madrid, il court son premier 100 m de la saison sous les 10 secondes, en 9 s 98 (0,0 m/s). En finale, il termine  en 10 s 01 (+ 0,2 m/s) derrière le Chinois Su Bingtian (9 s 91, record d'Asie) et l'Italien Filippo Tortu (9 s 99, record d'Italie). Le , au Meeting de Paris, il améliore son meilleur temps de la saison à 9 s 94, pour terminer  de la course derrière Ronnie Baker (9 s 88), Jimmy Vicaut (9 s 91) et Su Bingtian (9 s 91).

Le , lors des Relais mondiaux, il bat le record d'Afrique du relais 4 x 200 m en 1 min 20 s 42 avec ses coéquipiers Simon Magakwe, Chederick van Wyk et Sinesipho Dambile. Il se classe  des championnats du monde 2019 à Doha sur 100 m en 9 s 93 et  du relais 4 × 100 m, avec un record d'Afrique de  en séries.

Le 6 juillet 2021, Simbine s'impose sur 100 m lors du meeting de Székesfehérvár en 9 s 94, nouveau record d'Afrique et deuxième meilleure performance mondiale de l'année, là même où il avait établi son précédent record personnel sur la distance en 2016. Il remporte quelques heures plus tard le 200 m du meeting en 20 s 25, malgré un vent défavorable.

Lors des championnats d'Afrique de Saint-Pierre il s'incline devant le Kényan Ferdinand Omanyala en  (+4,5 m/s), pour trois millièmes de seconde.

Palmarès

Records

Records personnels

Meilleures performances par année

Notes et références

Liens externes

Sprinteur sud-africain
Coureur de 100 mètres
Relayeur (athlétisme)
Champion d'Afrique d'athlétisme
Champion du Commonwealth d'athlétisme
Naissance en septembre 1993
Athlète (homme) aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2016
Champion du monde universitaire d'athlétisme
Athlète (homme) aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2020


text:
Tomopterus grossefoveolatus  is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zajciw in 1964.

References

Tomopterus
Beetles described in 1964