text:
Uromastyx is a genus of African and Asian agamid lizards, the member species of which are commonly called spiny-tailed lizards, uromastyces, mastigures, or dabb lizards. Lizards in the genus Uromastyx are primarily herbivorous, but occasionally eat insects and other small animals, especially young lizards. They spend most of their waking hours basking in the sun, hiding in underground chambers at daytime, or when danger appears.  They tend to establish themselves in hilly, rocky areas with good shelter and accessible vegetation.

Taxonomy

The generic name (Uromastyx) is derived from the Ancient Greek words ourá (οὐρά) meaning "tail" and -mastix (μάστιξ) meaning "whip" or "scourge", after the thick-spiked tail characteristic of all Uromastyx species.

Species

The following species are in the genus Uromastyx. Three additional species were formerly placed in this genus, but have been moved to their own genus, Saara.

Description
Their size ranges from  (U. macfadyeni) to  or more (U. aegyptia).  Hatchlings or neonates are usually no more than  in length. Like many reptiles, these lizards' colors change according to the temperature and season; during cool weather they appear dull and dark but the colors become lighter in warm weather, especially when basking; the darker pigmentation allows their skin to absorb sunlight more effectively.

Their spiked tail is muscular and heavy, and is able to be swung at an attacker with great velocity, usually accompanied by hissing and an open-mouthed display of (small) teeth. Uromastyx generally sleep in their burrows with their tails closest to the opening, in order to thwart intruders.

Distribution
Uromastyx inhabit a range stretching through most of North and Northeast Africa, the Middle East, ranging as far east as Iran. Species found further east are now placed in the genus Saara. Uromastyx occur at elevations from sea level to well over . They are regularly eaten, and sold in produce markets, by local peoples.

Diet
These lizards acquire most of the water they need from the vegetation they ingest. In the wild they generally eat any surrounding vegetation. When hatching, baby uromastyx eat their own mother's feces as their first meal before heading off to find a more sustainable food source. They do this to establish a proper gut flora, essential for digesting the plants that they eat.

In the wild, adult Malis have been reported to eat insects at certain times of the year, when it is hot and their only food source available would be insects.

Reproduction
A female Uromastyx can lay anywhere from 5 to 40 eggs, depending on age and species.  Eggs are laid approximately 30 days following copulation with an incubation time of 70–80 days.  The neonates weigh  and are about  snout to vent length.  They rapidly gain weight during the first few weeks following hatching.

A field study in Algeria concluded that Moroccan spiny-tailed lizards add approximately  of total growth each year until around the age of 8–9 years.

Wild female uromastyx are smaller and less colorful than males.  For example, U. (dispar) maliensis females are often light tan with black dorsal spots, while males are mostly bright yellow with mottled black markings.  Females also tend to have shorter claws. In captivity female U. (dispar) maliensis tend to mimic males in color. Maliensis are, therefore, reputably difficult to breed in captivity.

Consumption by humans
Uromastyx maliensis, known as "ḍabb" () by peninsular Arabs, is historically consumed as food by some of the bedouin population of the Arabian peninsula, mainly those residing in the interior and eastern regions of Arabia. This lizard used to be considered an "arabian delicacy". It is recorded that when an Uromastyx was brought to the Islamic prophet Muhammad by Bedouins, Muhammad did not eat the lizard but Muslims were not prohibited by him from consuming it; thus Muhammad's companion Khalid bin Walid consumed the lizard.

In Judaism, this lizard is traditionally identified as the biblical tzav, one of the 8 "creeping" animals forbidden for consumption that impart ritual impurity. The Torah states: "The following shall be impure for you among the creeping animals that swarm upon the earth: The weasel, and the mouse, and the dab lizard (tzav) of every variety; and the gecko, and the land-crocodile, and the lizard, and the skink, and the chameleon" (Leviticus 11:29-30).

Captivity
Uromastyx are removed from the wild in an unregulated manner for the pet and medicinal trade in Morocco, despite their protected status in the country; conditions of the animals while being sold is often extremely poor and overcrowding is common. Historically, captive Uromastyx had a poor survival rate, due to a lack of understanding of their dietary and environmental needs. In recent years, knowledge has significantly increased, and appropriate diet and care has led to survival rates and longevity approaching and perhaps surpassing those in the wild. With good care, they are capable of living for over 25 years, and possibly as old as 60.

See also
Animals in Islam

References

External links

 Information on some Uromastyx species
 A digital library source from the University of Texas at Austin
 Detailed Uromastyx Care Sheet
 Uromastyx.eu
 Dr. Doug Dix Uromastyx Page
 The UroWiki

Reptiles of Africa
Reptiles of the Middle East
Lizard genera
Taxa named by Blasius Merrem
Reptiles as pets


text:
"To nie ja!" (; "It wasn't me!"; often rendered without the exclamation mark) was the  entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994, performed in Polish by Edyta Górniak. This marked Poland's debut at the contest, and consequently the first time that the Polish language had been used in a contest entry. The song achieved second place in the Eurovision final – at the time the highest ever placing attained by a debut song (even in , Switzerland won with their second song of the night). It was released as a single in English as "Once in a Lifetime".

The song is a dramatic ballad, with Górniak describing herself as having an "easy world" – seemingly one of easy distinctions between good and bad. She sings that she is not Eve, referring to the Biblical character, and asking for her listener not to blame her for the sins of that figure, and to accept her for who she really is.

Overview
In 1984, composer Stanisław Syrewicz was in Chicago to demonstrate a composition to another composer named Pawel Oczątkowo, to be used by an American band upon the release of their album.

Ten years later, singer Edyta Górniak, while in London, contacted Jacek Cygan to write the lyrics to the music, that she had heard and had won her heart. She said that it should be understandable to people who do not know Polish. It was picked as first Polish representative at Eurovision.

At Eurovision

The result stood as the most successful first-time entry in contest history, until the ballad "Molitva" performed for  by Marija Šerifović won the Eurovision Song Contest 2007. 's entry in the 2004 contest also placed second. At the same contest,  entrant Friderika, making her country's début with "Kinek mondjam el vétkeimet?" placed fourth,

Górniak was threatened with disqualification after singing the second half of the song in English during the dress rehearsal watched by the national jury members. An English-language version was later recorded, titled "Once in a Lifetime", with lyrics by Graham Sacher.

The song was performed twenty-fourth on the night, following 's Youddiph with "Vyechniy stranik" and preceding 's Nina Morato with "Je suis un vrai garçon". At the close of voting, it had received 166 points, placing second in a field of twenty five.

It was succeeded as the Polish representative in the 1995 contest by Justyna with "Sama".

English version

The English version "Once in a Lifetime" was released as Górniak's debut single and was featured on her debut album Dotyk. It features Górniak telling her lover that their relationship is a "once in a lifetime" event. The original Polish version also appears as the B-side of the single.

The single cover includes pictures by photographer Marlena Bielińska. The cover artwork was designed by Debi Ani Design Associates.

Music video

Two videos were made, one for the Polish version and another for the English version. "To nie ja" starts with Górniak singing on a dark stage surrounded by smoke and blue light. Inserts of her singing in the recording studio occur throughout the video. For "Once in a Lifetime", Górniak wears yellow clothes in front of a white background, while the camera shows her from different perspectives.

Track listing
 "Once in a Lifetime" (3:00)
 "To nie ja" (3:00)

Certifications

References

Polish-language songs
1994 singles
Edel AG singles
Eurovision songs of Poland
Eurovision songs of 1994
1994 songs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Conde, do latim comes, comitis, que significa companheiro, (feminino: condessa) é um título nobiliárquico existente em muitas monarquias, sendo imediatamente superior a visconde e inferior a marquês.

Inicialmente, na Idade Média, era o senhor conde feudal, dono de um ou mais castelos e de terras denominadas condado, mas posteriormente, a partir do século XIV, o título nobiliárquico foi utilizado apenas como grau de nobreza.

Origem remota
Inicialmente era um título militar do Baixo Império Romano, associado à autoridade militar e civil, do cônsul, que, mais tarde, passou aos bárbaros, assim designando seus principais colaboradores e seus representantes. Embora esta seja a origem dos primeiros títulos de conde, isto não compete com a realidade, visto que o Império Romano decaiu há mais de 1500 anos, dando início à Idade Média. Desde o século V, o feudalismo passou a vigorar e posteriormente foi iniciado o renascentismo.

A partir do começo da Idade Média no século V
Os condes fazem parte da nobreza e, portanto, da elite da sua nação. Inicialmente, na Idade Média, era o senhor feudal, dono de um ou mais castelos e de terras denominadas condado, mas posteriormente, a partir do século XIV, o título nobiliárquico foi utilizado apenas como grau de nobreza.

Os condes, a partir do século XIV, como a sociedade passou a organizar-se em estados, os nobres que moravam em castelos foram pouco a pouco mudando-se para as cidades, mudando-se para palacetes urbanos, formando cortes de nobres.

Os condes, já no século XVII, praticavam ofícios elitistas e alguns desses nobres detinham propriedades rurais. Na sua maioria, descendiam da nobreza antiga.

O conceituado Henrique da Gama Barros afirma que, em Portugal, a partir de meados do século XII, os condes leoneses eram nomeados pelos monarcas. No início da Terra Portuguesa, o título não foi usado pois competiam aos nobres que detinham o título de rico-homem, sendo este o único título nobiliárquico utilizado até o , as funções públicas do antigo conde leonês. Verifica-se que a partir do  o título foi usado com mais frequência, mas como grau de nobreza, sem que por isso lhe estivesse adstrito o exercício de qualquer função pública.

Na Inglaterra atual exemplos de famosos são Conde Spencer e os Conde e a Condessa de Wessex. A falecida Diana, Princesa de Gales era filha do oitavo conde Spencer, cuja linhagem familiar é nobre e inicia-se no ano de 1300. Os condes Spencer são descendentes da Casa de Stuart. E a Condessa de Wessex, Sofia Helena Rhys-Jones é a esposa do príncipe  Eduardo. Conde de Wessex e filho mais novo da rainha Isabel II do Reino Unido e Felipe, Duque de Edimburgo. Eles se casaram em 1999 e ela trabalhou até 2002 em relações públicas, atualmente auxiliando Eduardo em deveres oficiais. O casal têm dois filhos: Luísa Windsor. Nascida em 2003 e Jaime, Visconde Severn, nascido em 2007.

Em Portugal, o Conde de Oeiras conhecido como Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, se encontra na lista de celebres personagens que possuíam este título nobiliárquico. O Conde de Mafra, conhecido como o Conde Melo, o recebeu da Maria II de Portugal e o manteve na sua linhagem genealógica. Semelhantemente, os membros da Ordem do Caminha, guardadores e protetores da Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha que se encontra na Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo e as demais versões espalhadas pelo mundo, recebem uma condecoração de alto prestígio e distinção social.

Atualmente  Sua Alteza Real, o príncipe Guilherme, Duque de Cambridge, segundo na linha de sucessão ao trono britânico, é neto do conde Spencer. O filho mais velho do conde Spencer recebe o título de "Visconde Althorp", de Great Brington em Northamptonshire até a morte do pai, quando passa a ser o conde Spencer. Eles são muito ricos e influentes.

Listas de condados
 Lista de condados em Portugal.
 Lista de condados do Império do Brasil.

Bibliografia

 Tratado juridico das pessoas honradas : escrito segundo a legislação vigente à morte dªEl-Rei D. João VI. - Lisboa : Impr. de Lucas Evangelista, 1851. - 122, III, [3] p. ; 16 cm

Títulos de nobreza
Condes


text:
Lanny Barby (ur. 29 sierpnia 1981 w Montrealu) – frankokanadyjska modelka i aktorka filmów pornograficznych, występująca także pod pseudonimem Lani Barbi, Lanni Barbi, Lannie Barbi, Lannie Barbie, Lanny Barbie, Lanny Barby i Lanie.

Życiorys

Kariera
Dorastała w Montrealu w Kanadzie, w prowincji Quebec. Po raz pierwszy została zauważona podczas swojego występu w klubie nocnym jako striptizerka. Jej kariera w branży porno rozpoczęła się "5 sekund po 18. urodzinach" w niskobudżetowym filmie World Sex Tour 24: Canada (2001). Podpisała potem kontrakt z kilkoma firmami, w tym Vivid Entertainment LLC.

Występowała też ze swoją siostrą przyrodnią Kimberly Franklin, a także z takimi aktorami porno jak: B. Skow, Jules Jordan, Bobby Vitale (2001), Lexington Steele (2001), Erik Everhard (2002), John Strong (2002), Mark Davis (2003), Darren James (2003), Brian Surewood (2003), Jon Dough (2003), Jay Ashley (2003), Nacho Vidal (2003), Barrett Blade (2004), Brett Rockman (2004), Mark Anthony (2004), Ben English (2004), Scott Nails (2004), Alex Rox (2004), Toni Ribas (2004), Mr. Pete (2005), Mick Blue (2005), Kurt Lockwood (2005), Tommy Gunn (2005), Benjamin Brat (2005), Evan Stone (2005), Mark Wood (2005), Evan Seinfeld (2006), Jean Val Jean (2006) i James Deen (2007).

Pracowała jako fotomodelka dla Suze Randall. W czerwcu 2003 została ulubienicą miesiąca magazynu "Penthouse". Trafiła też na okładki takich czasopism jak "Club" czy "Hustler".

W 2009, po zakończeniu kariery w branży porno, powróciła do Kanady. Brała też udział w kampaniach reklamowych i teledyskach, a także regularnie pojawiła się w kanadyjskiej telewizji.

Życie prywatne
W latach 2004–2005 była związana z aktorem Tomem Sizemore'em. 5 marca 2005 poślubiła amerykańskiego gwiazdora porno Juliána Ríosa, rozwiedli się w 2007.

Nagrody i nominacje

Przypisy

Kanadyjskie modelki
Kanadyjskie aktorki pornograficzne
Ludzie urodzeni w Montrealu
Urodzeni w 1981


text:
Wolfgang Tiefensee (born 4 January 1955) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He was the Federal Minister for Transport, Building and Urban Development in the grand coalition cabinet led by Angela Merkel between 2005 and 2009. Since 2014, he has been the State Minister of Economy, Science and the Digital Society in the government of Thuringia's Minister-President Bodo Ramelow.

Career
Originally an electrical engineer, Tiefensee turned to politics in 1989, during the democratization process of the German Democratic Republic. He became a member of the SPD in 1995.

Mayor of Leipzig, 1998–2005
Tiefensee was elected mayor of Leipzig in 1998, and was re-elected with 67.1% of the vote in April 2005. Before 2005, he declined offers of a position in the federal government, stating his place was in Leipzig.

As mayor, he put great effort into Leipzig's bid to host the 2012 Olympic Games. While Leipzig unexpectedly won the campaign to tender the German bid, the middle-sized city did not get past the first round of the international competition, which was in fact won by London.

In 2002, Tiefensee was part of the 15-member commission that developed the so-called Hartz reforms, a set of recommendations to reform the German labour market as part of chancellor Gerhard Schröder's Agenda 2010. Later that year, following the 2002 federal elections, he declined Schröder's offer to join his government.

Role in national politics
In 2007, Tiefensee chaired talks following which EU transport ministers agreed unanimously to end talks with a private consortium contracted to develop the Galileo satellite navigation system and to spend €2.4 billion ($3.2 billion) to build it themselves instead.

Also during his tenure as Germany's transport minister, Tiefensee announced the little-known architect Francesco Stella as the winner of a competition to find an architectural design for the controversial reconstruction of the Berlin Stadtschloss in 2008.

In 2012, Tiefensee succeeded Garrelt Duin as spokesperson of the SPD parliamentary group on economic affairs. In the negotiations to form a Grand Coalition of chancellor Angela Merkel's Christian Democrats (CDU together with the Bavarian CSU) and the SPD following the 2013 federal elections, he was part of the SPD delegation in the working group on economic policy, led by Ilse Aigner and Hubertus Heil.

Career in state politics
Tiefensee resigned from his seat in parliament when he became State Minister of Economy, Science and the Digital Society in the government of Thuringia's Minister-President Bodo Ramelow in 2014. As one of the state's representatives at the Bundesrat, he serves on the Committee on Cultural Affairs and on the Committee on Economic Affairs.

In early 2018, Tiefensee was elected chairman of the SPD in Thuringia, succeeding Andreas Bausewein. He was confirmed in the November 2018 party conference.

In May 2020, Tiefensee announced that he would not stand in the next Thuringian state election but instead resign from active politics by the end of the parliamentary term.

Other activities

Regulatory agencies
 Federal Network Agency for Electricity, Gas, Telecommunications, Post and Railway (BNetzA), Alternate Member of the Advisory Board (2009-2013), Member of the Advisory Board (since 2014)

Corporate boards
 Germany Trade and Invest (GTAI), Member of the Supervisory Board
 Thüringer Aufbaubank (TAB), Ex-Officio Chairman of the Supervisory Board (since 2014)
 Landesentwicklungsgesellschaft Thüringen (LEG), Ex-Officio Chairman of the Supervisory Board (since 2014)
 Carl Zeiss Foundation, Ex-Officio Member of the Board (since 2014)
 KfW, Ex-Officio Member of the Supervisory Board (2005-2009)

Non-profit organizations
 Business Forum of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, Member of the Political Advisory Board (since 2018)
 Friedrich Ebert Foundation (FES), Member of the Board of Trustees
 Gegen Vergessen – Für Demokratie, Chairman (since 2012)
 German Association for Small and Medium-Sized Businesses (BVMW), Member of the Political Advisory Board
 Institute for Germany Studies (IDF), Ruhr University Bochum, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Wittenberg Center for Global Ethics, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Sepsis-Stiftung, Member of the Board of Trustees
 German Association for Small and Medium-Sized Businesses (BVMW), Member of the Political Advisory Board (2009-2015)

Personal life
Tiefensee, whose father was the musician and conductor Siegfried Tiefensee, is also known for playing the cello, a talent that he successfully incorporated into Leipzig's Olympic bid. His brother, , is a Catholic priest and was professor of theology at the University of Erfurt from 1997 to 2018.

References

External links

1955 births
Living people
People from Gera
People from Bezirk Gera
German Roman Catholics
Ministers of the Thuringia State Government
Transport ministers of Germany
Construction ministers of Germany
Mayors of Leipzig
Members of the Bundestag for Saxony
Members of the Bundestag 2013–2017
Members of the Bundestag 2009–2013
Members of the Bundestag for the Social Democratic Party of Germany


text:
Бернгард Олег Эдгардович (, Мюнхен, Германская империя — , Екатеринбург, Россия) — уральский художник-пейзажист. Член АХРР (Ассоциации художников революционной России) с 1928 года, член Союза художников СССР с 1932 года.

Биография
Родился 7 июля 1909 года в Мюнхене, в семье театрального художника Эдгара Бернгарда, русского подданного, и известной польской пианистки Ванды Тшаске.

В 1914 году, с началом Первой Мировой войны, в Германии усилились антирусские настроения и семья была вынуждена эмигрировать в Швейцарию, а затем, через Англию, Норвегию, Финляндию — в Петроград.

В 1916 году Ванда Антоновна приняла приглашение дирекции Екатеринбургского музыкального училища провести ряд концертов, а позже осталась в Екатеринбурге и более 30 лет, с января 1917 года, работала в училище преподавателем по классу фортепиано. В Екатеринбурге Олег Бернгард получил начальное образование и учился по классу виолончели в музыкальной школе. Тем не менее, юношу больше привлекала не музыка, а рисование — он с упоением пишет сцены битв и рыцарские доспехи. Собрав детские рисунки Олега, мать показала их преподавателю художественной школы А. А. Арнольдову, который взялся обучать мальчика. В художественной школе Олег получил начальные знания в области реалистического рисунка.

В 1924 году Бернгард поступает в Уральское художественно-промышленный техникум и тогда же знакомится с И. К. Слюсаревым, известным уральским пейзажистом, у которого будет изучать основы пейзажной живописи. Также в 1920-е обучался в индивидуальных мастерских И. К. Слюсарева, Л. В. Туржанского, О. Е. Машкевича. Именно Слюсарев познакомил Олега с Леонардом Викторовичем Туржанским, которого художник позже вспоминал тёплыми словами: «Он много помог мне. У него я учился пониманию цвета, он заставил меня почувствовать жизнь природы. Никогда я не думал, что стану пейзажистом, а после Туржанского, я уже не представлял себе другой жизни».

Закончив обучение, в 1928 году был принят в члены Ассоциации художников революционной России (АХРР), объединявшей в своих рядах всех художников-реалистов. Член Союза художников СССР с 1932 года (1942—1958 Нижнетагильского отделения Свердловской организации, с 1958 Свердловского союза художников).

В 1928—1936 годах работал художником мастерских «Новый фронт», «Урал — Художник», издательства «УралОГИЗ», газеты «Уральский рабочий», в 1930-е по проектам О. Бернгарда перестроено здание для Уральского геологического музея, оформлен свердловский «Пассаж». В 1941—1942 годы был участником выпусков «Окон ТАСС», агитвитрин «В бой за Родину». В 1942 году был признан «социально опасным по национальному признаку», мобилизован в Трудармию и направлен на Кирпичный завод в Нижний Тагил.

В 1942—1945 годах был художником политотдела Тагилстроя — Тагиллага НКВД (трудармия), тиражной газеты «Сталинская Стройка». В 1945—1953 годах — художником Нижнетагильского драматического театра и Театра кукол.

С 1947 по 1956 год работал преподавателем Нижнетагильского училища прикладного искусства. Среди его учеников заслуженные художники России П. С. Бортнов и Л. Г. Зудов. В 1952 году совместно с художниками В. П. Елисеевым, А. А. Кудриным, А. В. Киприяновым принял участие в создании настенной росписи «Сказы Бажова» во Дворце культуры Нижетагильского металлургического завода. Принимал участие в создании НТГМИИ и художественно-производственных мастерских, сотрудничал с Нижнетагильским краеведческим музеем.

В 1958 году был реабилитирован, вернулся в Свердловск. Совершил творческие поездки на Волгу, Чусовую и Уфу, на Северный и Южный Урал, на Кавказ и в Крым.

Скончался 8 июля 1999 года в Екатеринбурге. Похоронен на Сибирском кладбище.

Участие в выставках

городских Свердловск, Нижний Тагил, в том числе всех основных 1940—1950-х,

 1945 — Нижнетагильских художников;
 1947 — Художественная;
 1957 — Произведений нижнетагильских художников;
 1959 — Дворец культуры НТМК,
 1972 — 250-лет Нижнему Тагилу;
 1972 — К юбилею П. П. Бажова;
 1976 — «Тагил в произведениях художников»;
 1980 — 25 лет мастерских;
 1981 — «Пейзаж в творчестве уральских художников»;
 1999 — «Рождественские дары»;
 2003 — 60 лет НТГО ВТОО «СХР»;
 2012 — 70 лет НТГО ВТОО «СХР»

 областная 1928 — Свердловск,
 1951 — передвижная тагильских и свердловских художников;
 1957 — Произведений свердловских художников;
 1959 — Областная художественная;

а также многих 1930−1990 — зональные
 1964 — «Урал социалистический», Свердловск

республиканские 1954−1956,

 зарубежных 1991, социалистический реализм советского искусства, Турин, Италия;
 1992, искусство России от соцреализма до современности, Каракас, Венесуэла

персональные 1970, 2009 — НТМИИ, Нижний Тагил;

1999, 2004, 2009 — Екатеринбург;

персональные — 1970, НТМИИ, Нижний Тагил;

1999, Екатеринбург

Награды
Премия комитета по делам искусств РСФСР за спектакль Нижнетагильского театра кукол «Огневушка-поскакушка» по сказу П. П. Бажова

Коллекции
Нижнетагильский МИИ, Екатеринбургский МИИ, НТМЗ «Горнозаводской Урал», Дом офицеров УралВО/Екатеринбург, Галерея «ДА»(Дом актёра)/Екатеринбург, Башкирском государственном художественном музее им. М. В. Нестерова, Уфа, в музеях и частных собраниях Австрии, Великобритании, Венесуэлы, Германии, Франции, Италии, Чехии, Канады, США.

В 2009 году, по случаю 100-летия мастера, Союзом филателистов при участии Почты России, была выпущена серия из семи конвертов и открытки со спец гашением «1909—2009» и один конверт собственно от Почты России.

Галерея

Примечания

Литература
 Художники Урала. Бернгард Олег Эдгардович
 Ирина Денисова «Жил-был художник», г. Нижний Тагил, 1999 год
 Ярков С. П. Бернгард Олег Эдгарович // Екатеринбург : энциклопедия. — Екатеринбург, 2002. — С. 47—48.
 Живые краски Урала : [Бернгард О. Э.] // Уральский следопыт. — 1971. — № 2. — Вкл. л. между с. 48—49.
 О. Э. Бернгард // Календарь-справочник Свердловской области. 1969. — Свердловск, 1968. — С. 108—109. — [Год рождения 07.06 1909, переезд в Екатеринбург в 1916 г.].
 Бернгард О. Э. Выставка работ художника : каталог / Свердл. отд-ние Союза худож. СССР ; предисл. Я. Шаповалова. — Свердловск, 1959. — 15 с. : ил.

Умершие в Екатеринбурге
Выпускники Свердловского художественного училища
Художники СССР
Художники России
Похороненные на Сибирском кладбище (Екатеринбург)


text:
William Morton (20 de junho de 1880 — 21 de março de 1952) foi um ciclista canadense que participava em competições de ciclismo de pista.

Nos Jogos Olímpicos de 1908 em Londres, ele ganhou a medalha de bronze, juntamente com Walter Andrews, William Anderson e Frederick McCarthy, na prova de perseguição por equipes. Também competiu nos 5000 m e dos 100 km, sendo eliminado na primeira rodada, assim como na velocidade, nos 660 jardas e em tandem.

Naturais de Leeds
Ciclistas olímpicos do Canadá
Ciclistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1908
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1908
Medalhistas olímpicos do ciclismo
Ciclistas de pista


text:
Purificação ritual é uma característica de muitas religiões. O objetivo destes rituais é remover quaisquer impurezas especificamente definidas antes de se desenvolver um tipo particular de a(c)tividade, especialmente antes da adoração de uma divindade. Esta impureza ritual não é, todavia, idêntica à impureza física costumeira, tal como nódoas de sujeira; não obstante, todos os fluidos corporais são geralmente considerados ritualmente impuros, e algumas religiões reservam tratamento especial para o sêmen e sangue menstrual, encarados como particularmente impuros.

A maioria destes rituais existiam muito antes que se soubesse que micróbios causam doenças, e têm papel de destaque desde os mais antigos sistemas religiosaos conhecidos do Oriente Próximo. Alguns escritores comentam que as semelhanças entre ações de limpeza, manifestadas por aqueles que sofrem de TOC e os dos ritos de purificação religiosos, apontam para uma origem comum no comportamento de cuidar da aparência manifestados por primatas. Outros autores, contudo, vinculam estes rituais a tabus primitivos.

Cristianismo

Batismo

O Batismo é um rito de passagem, feito normalmente com água sobre o iniciado através da imersão, efusão ou aspersão. Perdoando automaticamente o fiel de qualquer pecado cometido anteriormente.

Reconciliação ou Penitência

É a confissão dos pecados a um sacerdote, que aplica a penitência para, uma vez cumprida, propiciar a reconciliação com Cristo. Por outras palavras, é o sacramento que dá ao cristão católico a oportunidade de reconhecer as suas faltas e, se delas estiver arrependido, ser perdoado por Deus.

Do ponto de vista formal, o confessante se ajoelha perante um sacerdote, o confessor, e a ele declara que pecou, que deseja confessar o que fez e pedir a Deus que perdoe os seus pecados.

Após ouvi-lo, cabe ao sacerdote oferecer as suas palavras de conselho, de censura, de orientação e conforto ao penitente, recomendando a penitência a ser cumprida.

Unção dos enfermos

A unção dos enfermos é o sacramento pelo qual o sacerdote reza e unge os enfermos para estimular-lhes a cura mediante a fé, ouve deles os arrependimentos e promove-lhes o perdão.

Espiritismo

Para o espiritismo as pessoas são purificadas pelo processo de reencarnação.

Os homens reencarnam porque é da Lei de Progresso que exista o aperfeiçoamento constante. Mas chega um dia em que não mais é preciso encarnar – é quando o Espírito atingiu o cume da evolução, quando não precisa mais da matéria para evoluir. Ele chegou então à condição de Espírito puro, ou seja, depurado das imperfeições que nos caracterizam até atingirmos esse nível evolutivo. Mas, até que se torne Espírito puro, a criatura humana precisa da matéria para aprender e adquirir os valores intelectuais e morais que se incorporarão ao ser imortal.

Como o Espírito não consegue aprender tudo o que é necessário para tornar-se um Espírito puro em uma única encarnação, ele recebe de Deus a graça de continuar em outras vidas o que apenas começou na primeira. Daí serem necessárias muitas e muitas encarnações para terminar o aprendizado

Ligações externas

 Pureza e Impureza Ritual no Judaísmo por Baruch HaShem.
 O Antigo Testamento e a Sexualidade por Francolino J. Gonçalves.
 Os Regulamentos do Fiqh por S. H. Al Musawi.
 O ponto da carne por Denis Russo Burgierman.

Conceitos religiosos
Teologia espiritual
Teologia dos sacramentos

Rituais


text:
Diarra Traoré (1935 – 8 July 1985) was a Guinean soldier and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Guinea briefly in 1984 as a member of a junta led by Lansana Conté. In 1985, after Traoré attempted a coup d'état against President Conté, Conté had him executed.

Career
Traoré received his military training at the French school in Fréjus. After Guinea gained its independence in 1958, he was first given command of the garrison at Koundara, then the Futa Jalon region. However, President Ahmed Sékou Touré did not trust him, so he was discharged from the army.

Traoré became a regional governor, being moved around regularly to various postings. In the late 1970s, he joined the Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG, Parti Démocratique de Guinée).

At the death of Ahmed Sékou Touré in March 1984, on 3 April, Traoré supported a coup d'état led by Lieutenant Colonel Lansana Conté. The coup ousted interim President Louis Lansana Beavogui and the PDG. Conté made himself President and appointed Traoré Prime Minister. Conté, Traoré and others governed as a junta—the Military Committee of National Recovery (CMRN).

A few months later, however, Conté demoted Traoré to Minister of State for National Education. On 4 July 1985, Traoré attempted to overthrow Conté, who was attending a summit in Togo, but was quickly thwarted by loyal troops. Traoré went into hiding, but Conté's forces swiftly captured him and showed him on television being brutally assaulted. Traoré and about one hundred other military personnel, many of them also Malinké, were executed.

See also
 List of heads of government of Guinea
 Politics of Guinea

References

1935 births
1985 deaths
Executed politicians
Executed prime ministers
Executed military personnel
Executed Guinean people
20th-century executions by Guinea


text:
Winter Challenge (Зимний Вызов) – компьютерная игра, спортивный симулятор Зимних Олимпийских игр. Несмотря на этот факт, игра была издана без какой-либо поддержки Международного Олимпийского комитета и других олимпийских организаций. Игра была выпущена для Sega Mega Drive и для DOS в 1991 году.

Виды спорта, доступные в игре
 Санный спорт
 Скоростной спуск
 Лыжные гонки
 Бобслей
 Конькобежный спорт
 Гигантский слалом
 Биатлон
 Прыжки на лыжах с трамплина

Режимы игры
В игре существует режим обучения, в котором можно принять участие в одном соревновании, в качестве одиночного игрока. После завершения можно пойти снова, вернуться в главное меню, или смотреть повтор вашего спортивного выступления.

Также существует режим турнира, в котором можно создавать до 10 игроков и играть за них.

Можно выбирать имя игрока, и страну, за которую он выступает (доступна сборная СССР).

Игровой процесс
Большинство игр заключается в использовании стрелок для перемещения игрока, и кнопок В и С для выполнения определенных действий, таких как стрельба, бег и торможение. Оценки игрокам, как и в реальном спорте, назначаются в основном за время прохождения дистанции, за исключением прыжков с трамплина (за максимальное расстояние) и биатлон (за время и точность стрельбы).

Внешние ссылки
 Games: Winter Challenge

Спортивные симуляторы
Компьютерные игры 1991 года
Игры для DOS
Игры для Sega Genesis/Mega Drive
Симуляторы лыж
Симуляторы фристайла
Симуляторы бобслея


text:
Jackie Butler (born March 10, 1985) is an American former professional basketball player. He attended McComb High School in McComb, Mississippi, and transferred to Coastal Christian Academy in Virginia Beach for his final high school season.

Butler skipped college and declared for the 2004 NBA draft, but was not selected. He joined the Great Lakes Storm of the Continental Basketball Association (CBA), and won Rookie of the Year whilst also being named to the All-CBA First Team. Butler signed with the New York Knicks in February 2005. In July 2006, he signed with the San Antonio Spurs, whom he won the 2007 NBA Finals with.

Early life and high school career
Butler was born in McComb, Mississippi and attended McComb High School and originally committed to play at Mississippi State University but failed to qualify academically. He enrolled at Laurinburg Institute in North Carolina for academic purposes but he departed after a reported altercation with a teammate. He then transferred to Coastal Christian Academy prep school in Virginia Beach. Although he wanted to sign with the University of Tennessee in 2004, he decided to declare for the 2004 NBA draft, the first player that year to do so.

Professional career

Great Lakers Storm (2004–2005)
Butler went undrafted in the 2004 NBA draft and signed as a free agent with the Minnesota Timberwolves. He was then cut training camp. Butler began the 2004–05 season with the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) where over 40 games with the Great Lakes Storm he averaged 18.1 points, 10.7 rebounds, and 1.5 blocks per game. He was named the CBA Rookie of the Year and selected to the All-CBA First Team.

New York Knicks (2005–2006)
On February 27, 2005, Butler signed with the New York Knicks for the rest of the 2004–05 NBA season, scoring ten points over three games. He later was drafted in the 2005 AAPBL draft.  However, the league folded soon thereafter.

When Larry Brown was hired as the New York Knicks' head coach, it was unclear what sort of role Butler would have. After the preseason, Brown publicly commented on how happy he was with Butler, and considered him his fourth rookie (after Channing Frye, Nate Robinson, and David Lee). After a rocky start, Butler was soon praised as being the Knicks' best center, with Eddy Curry and Jerome James having disappointing starts to their Knicks careers.  For the 2005–06 NBA season Butler played in 55 games averaging 13.5 minutes, 5.3 points (54.4% field goal accuracy) and 3.3 rebounds per game.  He earned US$641,748 with the Knicks.

San Antonio Spurs (2006–2007)
In July 2006, Butler signed a three-year, US$7 million contract with the San Antonio Spurs.  He was considered a long-term project.  Spurs coach Gregg Popovich said on October 26, 2006, "most of his playing time in the initial part of the season is going to be in practice, learning what a work ethic is day in and day out and what it takes to play at this level." Butler never played with the Spurs during the 2007 NBA Playoffs, but the Spurs won the 2007 NBA Finals.

On July 12, 2007, the Spurs traded Butler and the rights to Luis Scola to the Houston Rockets for Vasileios Spanoulis, a 2009 second-round draft pick and cash. He played on the Rockets' 2007 summer league team, but was waived in the 2007–08 NBA preseason (October 2007).

Career statistics

NBA

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| New York
| 3 || 0 || 1.7 || 1.000 || — || 1.000 || .0 || .0 || .3 || .0 || 3.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| New York
| 55 || 0 || 13.5 || .544 || — || .753 || 3.3 || .5 || .3 || .6 || 5.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"| †
| style="text-align:left;"| San Antonio
| 11 || 2 || 9.4 || .457 || — || .900 || 2.0 || .5 || .2 || .0 || 3.7
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 69 || 2 || 12.3 || .539 || — || .775 || 3.0 || .4 || .3 || .4 || 5.0

References

External links

NBA biography of Butler

1985 births
Living people
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Mississippi
Centers (basketball)
McDonald's High School All-Americans
New York Knicks players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
People from McComb, Mississippi
San Antonio Spurs players
Undrafted National Basketball Association players


text:
DMAX é um canal de televisão por cabo e satélite que transmite uma grande variedade de programas culturais especializado em homens. DMAX é operado por Discovery Networks Deutschland em Free-to-air para Alemanha, Itália, Áustria e Suíça. Embora o canal esteja amplamente disponível em todo o resto da Europa.

DMAX está disponível nos satélites 1H, 1L, e 3A da SES Astra e ASTRA Platform Service, a empresa irmã da SES Astra.

DMAX tem como origem o canal alemão XXP que teve as suas emissões de 2001 a 1 de Janeiro de 2006. Discovery Communications comprou a estação mudando-lhe o nome e programação para aventura e descobrimentos, carros e tecnologia, divulgação científica, bricolage e viagens. DMAX não incluí futebol nem programas eróticos. O seu director general é Patrick Hörl.

Espanha

Em Espanha foi lançado Discovery MAX a 12 de Janeiro de 2012.

Ligações Externas

dmax.de


text:
Franciszek Józef Potulski (ur. 17 czerwca 1943 w Gdyni) – polski polityk, nauczyciel, działacz partyjny i związkowy, poseł na Sejm II, III i IV kadencji, były wiceminister edukacji.

Życiorys
Ukończył w 1962 gdańskie technikum łączności, a 1967 studia na Wydziale Matematyczno-Fizycznym Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Od 1967 związany ze Związkiem Nauczycielstwa Polskiego, wchodził w skład władz regionalnych tej organizacji. Od 1970 do rozwiązania należał do Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej. Od 1967 do 1973 pracował jako asystent na Politechnice Gdańskiej, a w latach 1974–1983 był etatowym pracownikiem aparatu PZPR. Następnie do 1995 był zatrudniony jako nauczyciel. Pełnił funkcje wicedyrektora VIII Liceum Ogólnokształcącego w Gdańsku (1983–1984) oraz dyrektora Zespołu Szkół Ogólnokształcących nr 5 w Gdańsku (1984–1991 i 1992–1997). Od 1991 do 1992 uczył matematyki w Zespole Szkół Ogólnokształcących nr 10 w Gdańsku.

W 1991 bezskutecznie kandydował do Sejmu z listy SLD. Od 1993 do 2005 sprawował mandat posła na Sejm II, III i IV kadencji z ramienia Sojuszu Lewicy Demokratycznej z okręgów gdańskich: nr 11 i nr 25. W latach 1990–1999 należał do SdRP (do 1991 przewodniczył jej w Gdańsku, a następnie był wiceprzewodniczącym i od 1996 do 1997 wiceprzewodniczącym jej rady wojewódzkiej), z którą przystąpił następnie do partii SLD. W rządzie Leszka Millera pełnił od 2003 do 2004 funkcję sekretarza stanu w Ministerstwie Edukacji Narodowej. Po 2005 wrócił do działalności związkowej jako rzecznik prasowy pomorskiego okręgu ZNP, w 2006 zasiadł też w prezydium rady wojewódzkiej OPZZ. Ponadto w latach 2005–2007 wykładał matematykę w Wyższej Szkole Społeczno-Ekonomicznej w Gdańsku, a w 2006 został jej wykładowcą w Grudziądzkiej Szkole Wyższej. Był również wykładowcą prawa oświatowego w Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego i Sportu w Gdańsku, a także w gdańskiej szkole wyższej Ateneum.

W 1998 został wybrany na radnego sejmiku pomorskiego I kadencji. W 2005, 2007, 2011 i 2015 kandydował ponownie do Sejmu, w 2014 do rady miejskiej w Gdańsku, a w 2018 na radnego województwa. W 2008 został powołany do Rady Edukacji Narodowej, organu doradczego przy minister Katarzynie Hall.

Otrzymał odznaki: "Za Zasługi dla Gdańska" (1977) i "Zasłużonym Ziemi Gdańskiej" (1978).

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Absolwenci Wydziału Matematyki, Informatyki i Mechaniki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Członkowie Związku Nauczycielstwa Polskiego
Działacze PZPR
Politycy SdRP i SLD
Posłowie z okręgu Gdańsk
Radni sejmiku województwa pomorskiego
Wiceministrowie edukacji III Rzeczypospolitej
Wykładowcy Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego i Sportu im. Jędrzeja Śniadeckiego w Gdańsku
Ludzie urodzeni w Gdyni
Urodzeni w 1943
Polscy nauczyciele matematyki


text:
Bostel ist ein Ortsteil der Stadt Celle in Niedersachsen, der nordöstlich des Stadtzentrums liegt.

Geschichte
Bostel wurde erstmals 1060 urkundlich erwähnt und gehörte zum Kirchspiel Groß Hehlen. Durch einen Großbrand wurde der Ort 1751 fast vollständig zerstört.

Am 1. Januar 1973 wurde Bostel in die Kreisstadt Celle eingegliedert.

Politik

Ortsrat
Der Ortsrat, der die Ortsteile Bostel, Altenhagen und Lachtehausen vertritt, setzt sich aus sieben Mitgliedern zusammen. Die Ratsmitglieder werden durch eine Kommunalwahl für jeweils fünf Jahre gewählt.

Bei der Kommunalwahl 2021 ergab sich folgende Sitzverteilung:

Ortsbürgermeister
Ortsbürgermeister ist Hans-Martin Schaake (Einzelbewerber).

Religion
Die evangelisch-lutherischen Christen gehören zur Kirchengemeinde Groß Hehlen und damit zum Kirchenkreis Celle, die römisch-katholischen Christen zum Bistum Hildesheim.

Baudenkmale
 Liste der Baudenkmale in Celle#Bostel

Literatur
 Friedrich W. Schoof: Das alte Kirchspiel Groß Hehlen. Celle, 1989

Weblinks
 Bostel auf der Webseite der Stadt Celle

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Landkreis Celle
Geographie (Celle)
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Celle)
Ersterwähnung 1060
Gemeindeauflösung 1973


text:
Lycosa interstitialis är en spindelart som först beskrevs av Embrik Strand 1906.  Lycosa interstitialis ingår i släktet Lycosa och familjen vargspindlar.

Artens utbredningsområde är Algeriet. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Vargspindlar
interstitialis


text:
Уильям Манчестер (, полное имя William Raymond Manchester; 1922—2004) — американский писатель, биограф и историк.

Автор книги-бестселлера «» (1967) об убийстве Джона Кеннеди, которая была написана по поручению семьи Кеннеди.

Биография
Родился 1 апреля 1922 года в Эттлборо, штат Массачусетс, рос в городе Спрингфилде этого же штата.

Его отец служил в морской пехоте США во время Первой мировой войны. После смерти отца и нападения японцев на Пёрл-Харбор, Уильям Манчестер также поступил на службу в морскую пехоту. Поступил в школу Officer Candidate School, получив звание капрала, был отправлен в Гуадалканал в 1944 году для дальнейшего обучения. Надеясь служить в Европе, Уильям Манчестер оказался на Тихоокеанском театре военных действий. Он служил в заключительной стадии войны на острове Окинава, был тяжело ранен 5 июня 1945 года, повышен в звании до сержанта и в июле этого же года был награжден медалью «Пурпурное сердце».

После демобилизации, в 1945 году Манчестер работал копирайтером в газете Daily Oklahoman, прежде чем продолжить своё гражданское образование. В 1946 году он получил степень бакалавра в Массачусетском государственном колледже ( Massachusetts State College), а в 1947 году получил степень магистра в Университете Миссури.

в 1947 году Уильям Манчестер перешел на работу в качестве репортера The Baltimore Sun. Там он познакомился с журналистом Генри Менкеном, который стал его другом и наставником, а также предметом магистерской диссертации Манчестера и первой книги Disturber of the Peace («Нарушитель мира»).

В 1955 году Манчестер стал сотрудником Уэслианского университета и редактором Wesleyan University Press, проведя остаток своей карьеры в университете. В 1959—1960 учебном году он был стипендиатом факультета Центра перспективных исследований Уэслиана (Center for Advanced Studies of Wesleyan). Позже он стал адъюнкт-профессором истории, почетным адъюнкт-профессором и постоянным писателем университета.

Был удостоен ряда американских наград в области литературы.

27 марта 1948 года женился на Джулии Браун Маршалл (Julia Brown Marshall), и у них был один сын и две дочери.

После смерти его жены в 1998 году Манчестер перенес два инсульта. В 2001 году награждён Национальной гуманитарной медалью США. Умер 1 июня 2004 года в Мидлтауне, штат Коннектикут и был похоронен на городском кладбище
Indian Hill Cemetery.

Сочинения

 Убийство президента Кеннеди = The Death of a President. — М.: Терра-Книжный клуб, 1998.

 Манчестер У.,  Уинстон Спенсер Черчилль. Защитник королевства. Вершина политической карьеры. 1940—1965 = The Last Lion Winston Spencer Churchill: Defender of the Realm: 1940—1965. — М.: Центрполиграф, 2016. — 1184 с.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт
 William Manchester
 William Manchester Biography
 William Raymond Manchester

Историки США
Писатели США
Участники Второй мировой войны
Выпускники Университета Массачусетса в Амхерсте
Выпускники Миссурийского университета
Преподаватели Уэслианского университета
Военные писатели США
Награждённые Национальной гуманитарной медалью США


text:
Esta é uma lista de unidades federativas do Brasil por malha rodoviária em pista dupla, que é a extensão da malha rodoviária pavimentada total em pista dupla no ano de 2015 de acordo com o Anuário CNT do Transporte 2016.

Classificação

Classificação por unidade federativa

Classificação por região

Ver também
Autoestrada
Transporte rodoviário no Brasil
Lista de rodovias do Brasil
Lista de unidades federativas do Brasil por cobertura de esgotamento sanitário
Lista de unidades federativas do Brasil por renda per capita
Lista de unidades federativas do Brasil por segurança alimentar
Lista de unidades federativas do Brasil por incidência da pobreza
Lista de unidades federativas do Brasil por mortalidade infantil

Pista dupla
Transporte rodoviário no Brasil
Listas de transporte do Brasil


text:
Las , oficialmente en japonés , es el archipiélago más meridional de Japón. Con una superficie estimada en 4700 km², es la patria del idioma ryukyuense y del karate. Antiguamente formó parte del Reino de Ryūkyū. Este archipiélago ha sido reclamado por China con el nombre de Lu-Chu. Las islas están en el límite que se usa habitualmente para diferenciar el mar de China Oriental y el mar de Filipinas, aunque generalmente se consideran incluidas en su mayoría en el mar de China Oriental.

La isla de Okinawa es la principal de este conjunto.

Geografía

Los principales grupos e islas del grupo de las Ryūkyū (islas Nansei), con los nombres geográficos japoneses actuales, son las siguientes:

 Islas Satsunan (la mitad norte):
 Islas Ōsumi con:
 Tanegashima, Yakushima, Kuchinoerabujima y Mageshima, en el noroeste del grupo;
 Takeshima, Iojima y Kuroshima, en el noreste del grupo;
 Islas Tokara (Shichi-tō): Kuchinoshima, Nakanoshima, Gajajima, Suwanosejima, Akusekijima, Tairajima, Kodakarajima y Takarajima;
 Islas Amami: Amami Ōshima, Kikaigashima, Kakeromajima, Yoroshima, Ukeshima, Tokunoshima, Okinoerabujima y Yoronjima;
 Ryūkyū Shotō (la mitad meridional):
 Islas Okinawa (el grupo central o las Ryukyu propiamente dichas): isla de Okinawa (también conocida como. Okinawa continental, Okinawa hontō), Kumejima, Iheyajima, Izenajima, Agunijima, Iejima y Iwo Tori Shima (Iōtorishima);
 Islas Kerama: Tokashikijima, Zamamijima, Akajima y Gerumajima;
 Islas Daito: Kitadaitō, Minami Daitō y Oki Daitō;
 islas Sakishima (otras islas adicionales):
 Islas Miyako: Miyakojima, Ikema, Ogami, Irabu, Shimoji, Kurima, Minna y Tarama;
 Islas Yaeyama: Iriomote, Ishigaki, Sotobanari, Taketomi, Kohama, Kuroshima, Aragusuku, Hatoma, Yubujima, Hateruma y Yonaguni;
 Islas Senkaku (reclamadas por la República Popular China y la República de China): Uotsurijima, Kubajima, Taishojima, Kitakojima y Minamikojima.

Notas:
 En algunos de los nombres de isla, los sufijos «—jima»,«—shima» y «gashima »se pueden intercambiar, omitir o anexar, ya que significan «isla». En general, las islas se enumeran de norte a sur siempre que es posible.
 «Shotō» se sustituye por «islas» en la lista a excepción de Ryūkyū Shotō (琉球 诸岛), ya que la denominación «islas Ryukyu» ya existe en español. El término japonés se refiere sólo a las islas que componen la Prefectura de Okinawa, mientras que la denominación en español (e inglés) se refiere a toda la cadena de islas comprendida entre las islas de Kyushu y Taiwán.
 Ryukyu Retto (琉球 列岛) se refiere a lo que fue el territorio del antiguo reino, que son las islas Amami, islas de Okinawa, islas Miyako y las islas Yaeyama.

Historia
Existió un Reino de Ryūkyū independiente que ocupaba la mayor parte de las islas desde Yonaguni, en el sudoeste, hasta Amami Oshima, al norte. En el siglo XVII obtuvo el estatus de reino tributario del emperador chino (el cual teóricamente debía ir en su auxilio de haber sido necesario). En 1609, una expedición que partió de Satsuma, en Kyushu, conquistó el reino. Después, los reyes de Ryūkyū pasaron a prestar tributo también al emperador japonés.

En 1879, el gobierno Meiji del Japón anunció la anexión de las islas. China se opuso, por lo que el expresidente de los Estados Unidos, Ulysses S. Grant, fue llamado para mediar entre las partes, decidiéndose finalmente a favor del Japón.

Finalizada la Segunda Guerra Mundial en 1945, el archipiélago fue administrado por los Estados Unidos. Las islas del grupo Amami fueron devueltas al Japón en 1953 y son parte de la prefectura de Kagoshima. El resto del archipiélago, a excepción de la isla de Okinawa, fue entregado en 1967. Okinawa volvería a soberanía japonesa más tarde, en 1972. La administración estadounidense dotó de emisiones de sellos propias al archipiélago desde 1949 hasta que de nuevo volvieron a usar franqueo japonés, a partir del 15 de mayo de 1972.

Notas

Prefectura de Kagoshima
Prefectura de Okinawa


text:
Lillington Township is one of 13 townships in Harnett County, North Carolina, United States. The township had a population of 4,573 according to the 2000 census. It is a part of the Dunn micropolitan area, which is also a part of the greater Raleigh–Durham–Cary combined statistical area as defined by the United States Census Bureau.

Geographically, Lillington Township occupies  in central Harnett County.  The only incorporated municipality within Lillington Township is the Town of Lillington, the county seat of Harnett County.  Several other unincorporated communities, though, are located in Lillington Township, including Harnett and Shawtown.

Townships in Harnett County, North Carolina
Townships in North Carolina


text:
Lo Que Me Haces Sentir is the fourth studio album by Mexican singer Zemmoa, released digitally and on vinyl on 2021.

Background
Produced by Juan Soto, Fernando Burgos from Hello Seahorse!, Martin Grinfeld, Imanol González, America Fendi and Zemmoa.

Zemmoa presented her new singles at Chicago's National Museum of Mexican Art's Sonido 18 Fest celebrated at Harrison Park next to Girl Ultra, Mi Sobrino Memo, and Sussie 4.

On the album, Zemmoa includes "Te Quiero" and her piano-only version, "Te Quiero Mucho", which she interprets as a bolero.

Zemmoa shared that her favorite song from this album is "Nota De Voz", inspired by the poems from Pita Amor and "Los amorosos" by Jaime Sabines.

Singles

Velocidad
In 2021 she presented her song "Velocidad", which is the first single from the fourth album Lo Que Me Haces Sentir and in her video she drives around Mexico City in her red convertible car that ends up in flames.

Ya Te Vi
Her second video from this album is «Ya te vi» featuring Nomi Ruiz where they are playing cards until they find The Devil (Tarot card) symbolizing a toxic relationship.

Pendejo
In her video "Pendejo" she features some of her friend performing a lip sync of her song while protesting against transphobia, misogyny, patriarchy and machismo; Alejandra Quesada, Alexis De Anda, Luisa Almaguer, Andy Walrus Perrilla Mirreyna, Agustina Quinci,  Burbiculo, Dani Tormento, Derretida, Giselle Elias Karam, Enriqueta Arias, Jessy Bulbo from Las Ultrasonicas, Juliette Kovac, Miss Loreto, Hababy LaGuapiss, Laura De Ita, Miss Mara, Dany Torres NegraConda, Noa Sainz, Marian Ruzzi, Melon Rivas, Ophelia Pastrana, Paulina Barceinas, Pambo, rRoxymore, Rohl Sánchez, Miley Sayrus, Sarah Fanelli, Tamerlane and Vanessa Zamora.

Mi Amor Soy Yo
In her song Mi Amor Soy Yo features Tessa Ía (Camila Sodi's sister) and the high-energy duet Trans-X which samples El Cóndor Pasa (song) while having at sleepover or slumber party at her parents house in Cuernavaca.

Los 12 Pasos
Her video "Los 12 pasos" references the Time Warp (song) from Rocky Horror Picture Show and an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting.

El Trono
The music video for "El Trono" has a funky rhythm similar to Grace Jones and she dances in front of a king's throne and a Mona Lisa painting with the face of Gloria Trevi.

Como La Primera Vez
In her video "Como La Primera Vez" featuring Valentina (drag queen) contestant from RuPaul's Drag Race (season 9) and the transgender DJ and Mexican producer America Fendi.

La Música Puede Llevarte
Her new song "La Música Puede Llevarte" has some Dream pop influences from Jessica 6 (band), chillout, TR/ST and  Beach House.

Track listing

Personnel
 Zemmoa – piano, lyrics, vocals
 Nomi Ruiz – lyrics, vocals
 Tessa Ía – vocals
 Valentina (drag queen) – vocals
 America Fendi – vocals
 Fernando Burgos – music
 Tomas Jackson – bass
 Kmaron – guitar
 Pascal Langurand Trans-X – keytar

Appearances
Zemmoa at the National Museum of Mexican Art, Chicago in 2018.

To celebrate 15 years of her musical career, she announced the tour "Lo Que Tour Me Haces Sentir", at Foro Indie Rocks with Mancandy, Manu NNa and Amelia Waldorf.

References

2021 albums
Spanish-language albums


text:
Archeologia gender, archeologia płci kulturowej – orientacja badawcza współczesnej archeologii, zajmująca się badaniem ról społecznych i kulturowych pełnionych przez kobiety i mężczyzn w dawnych społeczeństwach, na podstawie źródeł archeologicznych.

Archeologia gender wyodrębniła się w latach osiemdziesiątych XX w., w krajach anglosaskich i skandynawskich, w reakcji na feministyczną krytykę tradycyjnej archeologii. Stoi na stanowisku, że płeć kulturowa jest jednym z zasadniczym kryteriów różnicującym jednostki, a archeologia dotychczas pomniejszała jej rolę, bądź też była nastawiona androcentrycznie.

Archeologia gender zajmowała się głównie określeniem relacji między płcią biologiczną, a płcią kulturową na podstawie znalezisk archeologicznych, czyli stwierdzeniem jakiego rodzaju artefakty łączą się z dającymi się zidentyfikować pod względem płciowym szczątkami ludzkimi (określaniem materialnych korelatów płci kulturowej). Innym obszarem zainteresowań było opisywaniem przemian ról męskich i kobiecych na podstawie źródeł archeologicznych, czy analiza roli kobiet w przemianach społecznych. Wiele prac ma też charakter metodologiczny – krytykując tradycyjną archeologię ze stanowiska archeologii postprocesualnej.

Zobacz też
 gender studies

Przypisy

Teoria i metodologia archeologii
Gender studies


text:
Early Morning Spire is an  mountain summit located in North Cascades National Park, in Skagit County of Washington state. The peak lies  west-northwest of Dorado Needle,  north-northwest of Eldorado Peak and  southeast of Perdition Peak. It can be seen from  the North Cascades Highway, west of Marblemount at a road pullout alongside the Skagit River. The first ascent of the peak was made in 1971 by Richard Emerson and Tom Hornbein via the Southwest Face. They made a chilly bivouac near the summit, which is how the peak's name came to be. Precipitation runoff  from the mountain drains into Marble Creek, a tributary of the Cascade River.

Climate

Early Morning Spire is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift). As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.

Geology

The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, spires, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.

The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.

During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured and shaped the landscape. A small unnamed glacial remnant lies on the southeast aspect of Early Morning Spire, and the Marble Creek Glacier lies to the north. The U-shaped cross section of the river valleys are a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

Climbing Routes

Climbing Routes on Early Morning Spire

 Southwest Face -
 Southeast Face -
 North Route -

References

External links

North Cascades National Park National Park Service
 Aerial photo of Early Morning Spire: PBase

Mountains of Washington (state)
North Cascades National Park
Mountains of Skagit County, Washington
North Cascades
North American 2000 m summits


text:
Karush–Kuhn–Tucker-villkor (eller KKT-villkor) är ett villkor som måste vara uppfyllt för att en punkt ska vara en optimallösning till ett optimeringsproblem. Villkoret är nödvändigt men inte tillräckligt, det vill säga om villkoret är uppfyllt så behöver det inte betyda att punkten är optimum. Dock är det säkert att optimum uppfyller villkoret så en punkt som inte uppfyller villkoret kan inte vara optimum.

Villkoren

Antag att man har en funktion som ska minimeras med vissa bivillkor.

I sådana fall uppfyller en tillåten punkt som är funktionens optimum (punkten x*) följande villkor:

Där koefficenterna . Endast aktiva bivillkor ska påverka, så:

Det vill säga, antingen är koefficienterna noll eller så är bivillkoret aktivt.

Källor

Optimeringslära
Matematiska och kvantitativa metoder (nationalekonomi)

de:Konvexe Optimierung#Karush-Kuhn-Tucker-Bedingungen


text:
Fuentes de Oñoro es un municipio y localidad española de la provincia de Salamanca, en la comunidad autónoma de Castilla y León. Se integra dentro de la comarca de Ciudad Rodrigo y la subcomarca del Campo de Argañán. Pertenece al partido judicial de Ciudad Rodrigo.

Su término municipal está formado por los núcleos de población de Colonia de la Estación, Fuentes de Oñoro y Nuevo Poblado, ocupa una superficie total de 57,19 km² y según el padrón municipal elaborado por el INE en el año , cuenta con  habitantes.

Es colindante con la localidad portuguesa de Vilar Formoso, siendo el principal puesto fronterizo entre España y Portugal.

Símbolos

Escudo

El escudo heráldico que representa al municipio fue aprobado el 9 de octubre de 1955 con el siguiente blasón:

Bandera

La bandera municipal fue aprobada el 23 de agosto de 1996 con la siguiente descripción textual:

Geografía

Ubicación
Integrado en la comarca de Ciudad Rodrigo, subcomarca de Campo de Azaba, se sitúa a 116 kilómetros de la capital provincial. El término municipal está atravesado por la Autovía de Castilla (A-62), donde tiene su punto final, y por la carretera N-620, que llega hasta la frontera portuguesa.

El relieve del municipio es predominantemente llano, con numerosas dehesas y pequeños arroyos. La altitud oscila entre los 819 metros al sureste (cerro San Cristóbal) y los 712 metros a orillas de alguno de los arroyos. El pueblo se alza a 747 metros sobre el nivel del mar.

Mapa del término municipal

Transportes
Es un importante núcleo desde un punto de vista de comunicaciones. Por una parte, se encuentra atravesado por la carretera N-620, principal vía de comunicación de Portugal con Europa. Así mismo, la Estación de Fuentes de Oñoro es un importante enclave ferroviario.

Demografía

Según el Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Fuentes de Oñoro tenía, a 31 de diciembre de 2018, una población total de 1188 habitantes, de los cuales 626 eran hombres y 562 mujeres. Respecto al año 2000, el censo refleja 1396 habitantes, de los cuales 672 eran hombres y 724 mujeres. Por lo tanto, la pérdida de población en el municipio para el periodo 2000-2018 ha sido de 208 habitantes, un 15% de descenso.

El municipio se divide en tres núcleos de población diferenciados. De los 1188 habitantes que poseía el municipio en 2018, Nuevo Poblado contaba con 588, Colonia de la Estación con 385 y Fuentes de Oñoro con 215.

Historia

La fundación de Fuentes de Oñoro se remonta a la Edad Media, obedeciendo a las repoblaciones efectuadas por los reyes leoneses en la Alta Edad Media, quedando encuadrado dentro del Obispado de Ciudad Rodrigo tras la creación de este por el rey Fernando II de León en el , dentro del Campo de Argañán.

Fuentes de Oñoro pertenece a una de las fronteras más antiguas de Europa, llamada La Raya, concretamente este tramo de la frontera actual fue definido en 1297 por el Tratado de Alcañices. El reconocimiento de Fuentes de Oñoro viene dado por su condición de puesto fronterizo con la más importante aduana hispano-portuguesa.

Durante la primavera de 1811, en el marco de la Guerra de Independencia, tuvo lugar la Batalla de Fuentes de Oñoro, en la cual los ejércitos Británicos-portugueses comandados por Wellington entablaron combate con los ejércitos franceses del Mariscal Masséna.

En la División territorial de España en 1833, realizada por Javier de Burgos, Fuentes de Oñoro quedó integrado en la provincia de Salamanca, dentro de la Región Leonesa.

La historia del municipio cambió completamente con la creación del tramo ferroviario Salamanca-Vilar Formoso y la apertura de la Estación de Fuentes de Oñoro  el 25 de mayo de 1886.

Administración y política

Elecciones municipales

Alcaldes

Evolución de la deuda viva

El concepto de deuda viva contempla solo las deudas con cajas y bancos relativas a créditos financieros, valores de renta fija y préstamos o créditos transferidos a terceros, excluyéndose, por tanto, la deuda comercial.

En 2014, la deuda viva municipal por habitante en Fuentes de Oñoro ascendía a 743,75 €.

Oñorenses ilustres
Uno de sus habitantes más conocidos fue Alfonso Navalón, periodista y ganadero, quizá el cronista más polémico del . Tenía un gran conocimiento del toro, y en función del comportamiento del animal trató de juzgar casi siempre a los toreros

Otro con más o menos reconocimiento fue Ángel Luis Piñel, futbolista, que comenzó su carrera en 1967 jugando en la U. D. Las Palmas. En 1970 se pasó a las filas del Elche C. F., donde pasó una temporada hasta que fichó por el C. E. Sabadell F. C. En 1972 se fue al Córdoba C. F., club que dejó al año siguiente para incorporarse al Real Sporting de Gijón.

Véase también

 Campo de Azaba
 Batalla de Fuentes de Oñoro
 Comarca de Ciudad Rodrigo

 Campo de Argañán
 Provincia de Salamanca
 Municipios de la provincia de Salamanca

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Ayuntamiento de Fuentes de Oñoro

Municipios de la provincia de Salamanca
Localidades de la provincia de Salamanca
Municipios de España fronterizos con Portugal


text:
Linia kolejowa Norymberga-Bamberg - niemiecka linia kolejowa łącząca Norymbergę z Bamberg przez Fürth, Erlangen, Forchheim, w Bawarii. Jest to północna część linii Ludwig-Süd-Nord-Bahn. Jest to jeden z ważniejszych szlaków komunikacyjnych wzdłuż doliny Regnitz. Od zjednoczenia Niemiec stała się ważną linią w połączeniach dalekobieżnych. Po otwarciu szybkiej kolei Norymberga-Erfurt planowany jest wzrost ruchu na linii.

Norymberga-Bamberg
Transport w Bawarii


text:
«HAPPINESS -WINTER MIX-» es el 18º sencillo de la banda japonesa GLAY. Salió a la venta el 1º de enero de 2000.

Canciones
HAPPINESS-WINTER MIX-
MISERY (GLAY EXPO'99 SURVIVAL LIVE VERSION)
 Kokodewanai, Dokoka e (GLAY EXPO'99 SURVIVAL LIVE VERSION)
HAPPINESS-WINTER MIX- (instrumental)

Enlaces externos
 http://www.glay.co.jp/

Sencillos de 2000
Sencillos de Glay
Canciones en inglés


text:
Indonesia competed at the 2022 ASEAN Para Games in Surakarta, Indonesia. Originally scheduled to take place in 2021, The games were planned amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam, posing logistical challenges in organizing the event.

Originally scheduled to be held from 17 to 23 December 2021, games were cancelled in October 2021 after the 2021 Southeast Asian Games was postponed to May 2022 due to the pandemic.

Medal summary

Medal by sport

Medal by date

Medalists

Archery

In the 2022 ASEAN Para Games, the Indonesian archery team will field 12 athletes.

Athletics

Badminton

Men

Women

Mixed

Blind Judo

Cerebal Palsy Football

Chess

Goalball

Sitting volleyball

Indonesia will be participating in the men's and women's tournament, sending a total of 16 players in Sitting volleyball.

Men's tournament

Group play

Women's tournament

Group play

Powerlifting

Swimming

Table tennis

Wheelchair basketball

Men's tournament

Group play

Bronze medal match

Wheelchair tennis

References

ASEAN Para Games
2022 ASEAN Para Games
Indonesia 2022
ASEAN Para Games, 2022


text:
A number of vessels of the Royal Danish Navy have borne the name Peter Tordenskjold, after Peter Tordenskjold.

  , a frigate, in service 1854-1872.
 , a torpedo ram, in service 1882-1908.
 , a  , in service since 1982-2009.

References

Royal Danish Navy ship names


text:
Rocketcrash is the first material released by The Mushroom River Band.  It was recorded and released in 500 copies under the band's own label, Tea Pot Records in 1999.

Track listing
"Twin Lyrics #1"
"Super Insomnia"
"B.M."
"Loser's Blues"

The Mushroom River Band albums
1999 EPs


text:
A 4914 Pardina (ideiglenes jelöléssel 1969 GD) a Naprendszer kisbolygóövében található aszteroida. A Félix Aguilar Obszervatórium fedezte fel 1969. április 9-én.

Kapcsolódó szócikkek
 Kisbolygók listája (4501–5000)

Jegyzetek

A Naprendszer kisbolygói


text:
De ronde groene erwt is een landbouwerwt en diende als eiwitrijke grondstof voor de veevoederindustrie. Tegenwoordig wordt hiervoor de sojaboon veelal gebruikt.

In 1950 bedroeg het areaal ronde groene erwten in Nederland 7500 ha, in 1980 2400 ha. In 1984 breidde het areaal weer uit tot 5200 ha en was het in 1989 6700 ha. In 2000 is de teelt bijna verdwenen.

De rassen van de landbouwerwt staan in de Gemeenschappelijke rassenlijst voor landbouwgewassen van de EU onder de benaming Pisum sativum L. partim voedererwt. Bekende rassen waren Rondo C.B., Ascona, Finale en Solara.

De ronde groene erwt wordt nog wel als veevoer voor geheleplantsilage geteeld.

Externe link
 LG-seeds ronde groene erwt

ronde groene erwt
Peulvrucht
Cultuurgewas


text:
Сер Пітер Лорд (; * 1 січня 1953, Бристоль, Велика Британія) — британський аніматор. Один з засновників анімаційної студії Aardman Animations. Командор Ордена Британської Імперії (2006).

Свою кар'єру в кіно почав у віці 47 років режисером у пластиліновому анімаційному фільмі «Втеча з курника» (2000).

Посилання
 Peter Lord / IMDb

Британські аніматори
Лауреати премії «Оскар»
Командори ордена Британської імперії


text:
Apolysis pulchra är en tvåvingeart som först beskrevs av Axel Leonard Melander 1946.  Apolysis pulchra ingår i släktet Apolysis och familjen svävflugor.

Artens utbredningsområde är Kalifornien. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Svävflugor
pulchra


text:
Ana Comnena Angelina era filha do imperador bizantino  e de Eufrósine Ducena Camaterina e a primeira imperatriz-consorte de Niceia, esposa do imperador Teodoro I Láscaris entre 1204 e 1212.

História
O seu primeiro casamento foi com o sebastocrator Isaac Comneno, um sobrinho-neto do imperador Manuel I Comneno. Tiveram uma filha, Teodora Angelina, que se casou com Ibanco da Bulgária. Pouco depois de o pai de Ana se ter tornado imperador, em 1195, Isaac Comneno foi enviado para combater a Revolta da Valáquia e da Bulgária. Foi capturado, transformado em peão entre as facções rivais valáquias e búlgaras, e morreu posto a ferros.

O seu segundo casamento foi com Teodoro Láscaris, que viria a tornar-se imperador de Niceia, e foi celebrado como duplo casamento no início do ano de 1200 (a irmã de Ana, Irene, era noiva de Aleixo Paleólogo). Ana e Teodoro tiveram três filhas e dois filhos:
 Nicolau Láscaris (m.  1212)
 João Láscaris (m.  1212)
 Irene Lascarina, que se casou primeiro com o general Andrónico Paleólogo e posteriormente com João III Ducas Vatatzes, imperador de Niceia
 Maria Lascarina, que se casou com o rei Bela IV da Hungria
 Eudóxia Lascarina, prometida a Roberto de Courtenay, mas que se casou antes de 1230 com Anseau de Cayeux, o governador latino da Ásia Menor

Ver também

Bibliografia

K. Varzos, I genealogia ton Komninon (Tessalónica, 1984).
O city of Byzantium: annals of Niketas Choniates tr. Harry J. Magoulias (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1984) em especial as páginas 255–258 e 280.

Família Ângelo
Dinastia lascarina
Família Comneno
Família Ducas
Imperatrizes de Niceia
Bizantinos do século XIII
Mulheres do século XII
Mulheres do século XIII
Princesas bizantinas


text:
Šabat ha-gadol (hebrejsky: שבת הגדול), Velký šabat, je poslední šabat před svátkem Pesach. Jeho název "velký" je odvozen z několika různých tradic.

 Tur a Šulchan Aruch uvádí, že se tím připomíná "velký" zázrak, kterým Bůh ochránil Židy o tomto šabatu v příběhu vyjití z Egypta: Když Židé tento den dostali příkaz připravit si beránka pro pesachovou oběť, Egypťané na to nijak nezareagovali, přestože pro ně beran byl posvátným zvířetem.
 Abudarham uvádí, že tento šabat Židé vykonali první micvu a stali se tak "velkými" (= dospělými), tak jako se při bar micva 13letý chlapec stává "velkým" tím, že začíná plnit micvy.
 Podle Maharšala je důvodem označení to, že v haftaře na tento Šabat, (Malachijáš 3, 4-24), se píše: Hle, Já pošlu proroka Elijáše dříve, než přijde velký a strašný den Hospodinův. Tato haftara byla vybrána právě kvůli svému mesianistickému zabarvení, neboť podle některých tezí má k vykoupení Izraele dojít ve stejném období, v jakém došlo k vykoupení z Egypta.
 Rabi Ja'akov Ornštejn uvádí, že označení "velký" má odlišit "opravdový" šabat od následujícího svátku Pesach, který je v biblickém verši také označen jako "šabat".
 Existují domněnky, podle kterých zde byla inspirace z křesťanského prostředí, a to z bílé soboty, poslední před Velikonocemi.
 Některá rabínské zdroje označují poslední šabat předcházející ostatním poutním svátkům rovněž jako šabat ha-gadol; nemusí se tedy vztahovat nutně jen na šabat před Pesachem.
 V synagogách se o tomto šabatu konají přednášky "velkých" rabínů týkající se odstraňování chamecu a košerování domácnosti. Označení "šabat ha-gadol" by podle tohoto výkladu znamenalo "šabat velkého" (= učence). (Tento výklad podporuje i skutečnost, že šabat je v hebrejštině femininum a zde má adjektivum v mužském rodě.)
 V aškenázských obcích je zvykem číst po modlitbě mincha větší pasáž z pesachové hagady, týkající se vyjití z Egypta. Uvádí se, že tyto dodatky k obvyklým modlitbám způsobují, že lidem se šabat zdá dlouhý, "velký".
 Uvádí se, že ženy měly ve zvyku péct na tento šabat "velké" bochníky chleba, aby spotřebovaly zbývající chámec.

Reference

Židovské svátky


text:
Virgin 17 was a French music video and TV show television network owned by the MCM Group, a subsidiary of Lagardère Active. It was available through digital terrestrial television (DTT).

The channel was created for the launch of DTT and modeled after MCM, another channel owned by Lagardère Active. It initially had the working title "iMCM", but before launch it was named after the radio station Europe 2, and was then renamed Virgin 17 on 1 January 2008 (along with the radio station which became Virgin Radio France)
From 1 September 2010, Virgin 17 changed its name to Direct Star. This change was intended by the Bolloré Group "for the sake of the uniform group" .

The TV channel had been broadcast free-to-air via satellite Hot Bird 8 (13°E) up to 2007-11-21. Now it's Viaccess encrypted and available to TPS subscribers as well as on Internet television.

Virgin 17 was replaced on 1 September 2010 by Direct Star.

History
Created by MCM Group, a subsidiary of Lagardère Active for TNT on the model of its music channel MCM cable and Canalsat. It is initially presented under the name of MCM during the summer of 2002 because of the hearing of the MCM Group before the Superior council of audio-visual to obtain a frequency on TNT. The project was then renamed to be presented under the name Europe 2 TV during the second hearing before the CSA on 14 December 2004. This choice aims to capitalize on the fame of the eponymous music radio Europe 2, better known to the general public than MCM. Although bearing the same name, its musical editorial line is totally different from its radio format. 19 years after the TV6 experience, the CSA chose a free musical channel and retained the Europe 2 TV project on 19 July 2005 for broadcasting on TNT.

The channel began broadcasting on TNT channel 17 on 17 October 2005 at 5:17 pm. It targets an audience aged 15 to 34. Its specifications require it to devote 75% of its antenna to musical programs (clips, concerts, variety shows) with a few documentaries. Reality TV does not take long to make its appearance with Next. Regular meetings are scheduled with themed evenings: "Live" on Mondays, "Kidding" on Tuesdays, "Sexy" on Wednesdays, "Girls" on Thursdays, "SF" on Fridays, "Animated" on Saturdays and "Hit " Sundays. New and older series are also on the air.

Ranked last of the TNT channels in terms of audience and wishing to reach a wider audience to compete with NRJ 12, Lagardère Active decided in the summer of 2007 to rename its brands Europe 2 in radio and television by the emblematic brand of the publisher British musical Virgin with whom he is already associated in the Virgin Megastore stores in France. On 17 July 2007, the CSA gave its agreement to change the name of Europe 2 TV to Virgin 17, but the authorization is subject to several conditions: the chain's logo must not be confused with those of products or services which include in their name the Virgin brand and the ban on advertising for the Virgin group and any references to Virgin products on the air. However, the CSA authorizes the use of the Virgin international logo.. Europe 2 TV changed its name on 1 January 2008 at midnight by ending its programs with the title Happy Ending by Mika, followed by a video message from Richard Branson, the boss of the Virgin Group, celebrating the birth of Virgin 17. Virgin 17 is broadcast in Belgium from January 4, 2010 to replace MCM Belgique which disappeared on December 31, 2009 on VOO and Numericable.

On 18 March 2010, Bolloré group, already owner of Direct 8, announced that it had entered into exclusive negotiations with Lagardère Active for the purchase of Virgin 17. On 10 June 2010, the two groups signed a final agreement to sell the channel at a price of €70 million, excluding the takeover of staff (20 people) and part of the programs. July 12, 2010, the CSA gives its agreement for this repurchase. Yannick Bolloré, future general manager of the channel, indicates that it will be called Direct Star and announces its intention to keep the musical format of the channel and even to "strengthen the place of music in the first and second part of the evening" in a "more urban and contemporary" universe. Bolloré group appoints Christophe Sabot (former manager at NRJ and Virgin 17) as director of the channel and the Direct Star website goes live on August 16, 2010.

Virgin 17 stopped broadcasting on 30 August 2010 at around 11:59 p.mm with highlights from the channel.

References

External links

MCM Group
Defunct television channels in France
Television channels and stations established in 2002
Television channels and stations established in 2005
Television channels and stations established in 2008
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2010
2002 establishments in France
2005 establishments in France
2008 establishments in France
2010 disestablishments in France
French-language television stations


text:
Gödöllő beschreibt:

 die ungarische Stadt, siehe Gödöllő
 das Schloss in der Stadt, siehe Schloss Gödöllő,
 die frühere Verwaltungseinheit in Ungarn, siehe Kleingebiet Gödöllő
 den heutigen Kreis in Ungarn, siehe Kreis Gödöllő


text:
Neverthought Films is an independent video production company created in 2003 by Danny Bourque. The name was inspired by his first short film, Neverthought, which was completed in 2001 and went on to screen at the Reel Teens Film Festival in New York City. The first film to bear the label "Neverthought Films" was the short film Hitchhiker, which premiered at the Edgeworks Short Film Festival in Corpus Christi, Texas in 2003 and went on to win the Performing Arts - Filmmaking scholarship sponsored by Golden Key.

The film Chthonia won first place at the 2005 Broadcast Educators Association Festival for a short film script and also won the Best Narrative Film award at Sul Ross State University's WestFest 5 Film Festival.

Commode Creations won the 2007 Slamdance Film Festival's Global Audience Award and aired in its entirety on the Independent Film Channel.

In addition to independent filmmaking, Neverthought Films also produces short corporate videos and television commercials. One such commercial, "Richard Spacey Saves the Day," won Neverthought Films two Telly Awards in 2007.

External links
Official Neverthought Films Website

Filmography
Super Badass Action Hero (2014)
The Toaster That Toasted The Golden Toast (2008)
Flat Daddy (2007)
ExEgEsIs (2006)
Creating Frankenstein's Creature (2005)
Chthonia (2004)
Commode Creations (2004)
Hitchhiker (2003)
Neverthought (2001)

Film production companies of the United States


text:
Курсруа́ () — муніципалітет у Франції, у регіоні Гранд-Ест, департамент Об. Населення —  осіб (2011).

Муніципалітет розташований на відстані близько 90 км на південний схід від Парижа, 90 км на південний захід від Шалон-ан-Шампань, 55 км на захід від Труа.

Історія

До 2015 року муніципалітет перебував у складі регіону Шампань-Арденни. Від 1 січня 2016 року належить до нового об'єднаного регіону Гранд-Ест.

Демографія

Розподіл населення за віком та статтю (2006):

Економіка

Посилання

 Курсруа на сайті французького Національного інституту географії
 [ Розташування муніципалітету Курсруа на мапі Франції та сусідні муніципалітети]

Див. також
 Список муніципалітетів департаменту Об

Примітки

Муніципалітети департаменту Об


text:
Blue Coat Systems, Inc., was a company that provided hardware, software, and services designed for cybersecurity and network management. In 2016, it was acquired by and folded into Symantec. In 2019 was, as part of Symantec Enterprise division, sold to Broadcom.

The company was known as CacheFlow until 2002.

The company had "a broad security portfolio including hardware, software and services." The company was best known for web gateway appliances that scan internet traffic for security threats, authenticate users and manage encrypted traffic, as well as products to monitor and filter employee internet activity. It also produced consumer products, such as parental control software. The company's products were initially sold to internet service providers, but later products were intended for large companies.

History
In March 1996, the company was founded as CacheFlow, Inc. in Redmond, Washington by Michael Malcolm, a computer scientist and professor at the University of Waterloo, Joe Pruskowski, and Doug Crow. The company initially raised $1 million in seed money from a dozen angel investors.

The company's goal was to develop appliances that would increase website speed by storing frequently accessed web data in the cache.

In October 1996, Benchmark Capital purchased 25% of the company for $2.8 million, equivalent to a price of 87.5 cents per share. By February 1997, the company had raised $5.1 million. In December 1997, U.S. Venture Partners acquired 17% of the company for $6 million.

In 1997, the company moved its headquarters to Silicon Valley.

In January 1998, the company released its first product, the CacheFlow 1000. It cached website objects that users were likely to use repeatedly, to increase load speed. In October 1999, the CacheOS operating system was released.

In April 1998, the company released the CacheFlow 100.

In mid-1998, during the dot-com bubble, the company made its first sales, earning just $809,000 over three months, and investors started pushing for an initial public offering (IPO).

In March 1999, Technology Crossover Ventures invested $8.7 million for 7% of the company, equivalent to a price of $4.575 per share.

In September 1999, the company released the CacheFlow 500, with a list price of $9,995. A competitive review of caching appliances in PC Magazine gave the CacheFlow 500 Editor's Choice. The editor said it had "excellent performance", a "plug-and-go" setup, and "good management tools". The review noted that its "most noteworthy features" were its DNS caching and object pipelining techniques, which allowed page data to be delivered in parallel, rather than sequential, streams.

In early November 1999, Marc Andreessen invested $3.1 million in shares, at a price of $11.04 per share.

On November 19, 1999, during the peak of the dot-com bubble, the company became a public company via an initial public offering, raising $132 million. Shares rose fivefold on its first day of trading. However, the company was not profitable and its product was unproven. At that time, the company had $3.6 million in revenue and $6.6 million in losses in the prior 3 months. The company had initially hoped to price its shares at $11-13 each and raise $50 million but due to strong demand, it priced its shares at $26 each. One month later, they traded as high as $182 each.

In 1999, board of directors member Andrew Rachleff of Benchmark Capital, an investor, brought in Brian NeSmith, who had just sold his company, Ipsilon Networks, to Nokia for $120 million, as chief executive officer.

In 2000, it introduced the CacheFlow Server Accelerator product family, which offloads content delivery tasks from web servers. Tests by Network World found the Server Accelerator 725 increased website load speed eight-fold. The CacheFlow Client Accelerator 600 product family was also introduced in 2000. It was the company's first product family for corporate networks, caching Web or multimedia content directly on the corporate network.

Revenues grew from $7 million in 1998, to $29 million in 1999 and $97 million in 2001. It already had 25% of the overall market for caching and 35% of the caching appliance market  and was still not profitable.

In March 2000, the company integrated its products with those of Akamai Technologies.

In May 2000, the company updated CacheFlow OS to cache multimedia content, including RealNetworks' RealSystem, Microsoft's Windows Media and Apple's Quicktime formats.

In June 2000, the company acquired Springbank Networks, an internet device company, for $180 million.

In December 2000, the company acquired Entera, a digital content streaming company, for $440 million.

In 2001, new features specifically for streaming media were introduced under the name "cIQ".

Later in 2001, the company was renamed to Blue Coat Systems to focus on security appliances and simultaneously released the SG800. The appliance sat behind corporate firewalls to filter website traffic for viruses, worms and other harmful software. It had a custom operating system called Security Gateway and provided many of its security features through partners, like Symantec and Trend Micro.

The company lost 97% of its value from October 2000 to March 2001 as the dot-com bubble burst. The company continued to lose money. By 2002, several competing internet caching companies had abandoned the market, due to slow adoption of caching technology and most of CacheFlow's revenues came from its IT security products.

In February 2002, the company closed its Redmond, WA office and laid off about 60 workers there. Around a dozen Redmond workers were offered transfers to the Sunnyvale, CA office.

In April 2002, the company launched fifth version of its operating system. The Security Gateway 600/6000 Series was the company's newest product family. It had a range of security features, such as authentication, internet use policies, virus scanning, content filtering, and bandwidth restrictions for streaming video applications.

In August 2002, the company started adding IT security features.

Also in August 2002, the company changed its name to Blue Coat Systems. The new name was intended to evoke the image of a police officer or guard. It then focusing on internet security appliances. Its products were primarily used to control, monitor and secure internet use by employees. For example, a company could limit employee access to online gaming and video streaming, as well as scan attachments for viruses.

The shift in focus was followed by smaller losses and revenues at first and eventually company growth. Losses in 2002 after the rename were $247 million, about half of the prior year's losses.

By 2003, the company had 250 employees and $150 million in annual revenue.

In 2003, 3 new products were introduced for small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) with 50, 100 or 250 users in bundles with Websense; and Secure Computing, although the Websense partnership was later at least partially dismantled and the two vendors were "slinging mud at each other" in the VAR community. This was followed by a second generation of the ProxySG product family, which added security features for instant messaging. A review in eWeek said the new ProxySG line was effective and easy to deploy, but the ongoing maintenance fees were expensive.

In October 2003, the company acquired Ositis Software, maker of antivirus appliances, for $1.36 million.

In July 2004, the company acquired Cerberian, a URL filtering company, for $17.5 million.

In 2005, the company introduced an anti-spyware appliance called Spyware Interceptor and the following year it announced upcoming WAN optimization products. This was followed by SSL-VPN security appliances to secure remote connections.

In 2005, the company was profitable for the first time.

In 2006, the company introduced a free web-tool, K9 Web Protection, that can monitor internet traffic, block certain websites, identify phishing scams. In a November 2008 review, PC World gave it 4.25 out of 5 stars.

In March 2006, the company acquired Permeo Technologies, an end point security company, for $60 million.

In June 2006, the company acquired NetCache assets from NetApp, which were involved in proxy caching, for $30 million.

In June 2008, the company acquired Packeteer, engaged in WAN optimization, for $268 million.

In 2009, the company introduced a plugin for PacketShaper to throttle applications such as Spotify. A review of the PacketShaper 12000 in IT Pro gave it four out of five stars. The review said that "you won't find superior WAN traffic management anywhere else," but "the hardware platform could be more up to date considering the price."

In November 2009, the company went through a restructuring that included layoffs of 280 of its 1,500 employees and the closing of facilities in Latvia, New Jersey and the Netherlands.

In February 2010, the company acquired S7 Software Solutions, an IT research and development firm based in Bangalore, for $5.25 million.

In August 2010, Michael J. Borman was named president and CEO of the company.

In August 2011, CEO Michael Borman was fired for failing to meet performance goals and was replaced with Greg Clark.

In December 2011, Thoma Cressey Bravo acquired the company for $1.3 billion.

In March 2012, David Murphy was named chief operating officer and president of the company.

In December 2012, the company acquired Crossbeam Systems, maker of the X-Series of security appliances.

In May 2013, the company acquired Solera Networks, involved in big data security.

In December 2013, the company acquired Norman Shark, an anti malware firm.

In 2014, Elastica's technology was incorporated into Blue Coat products, with its Audit subscription service being merged into the Blue Coat Appfeed in the ProxySG gateways.

In June 2015, the company acquired Perspecsys, involved in cloud security.

Also in March 2015, the company integrated technologies from its acquisitions of Norman Shark and Solera Networks to create a cloud-based product family called the Global Intelligence Network.

Also in March 2015, the company pressured security researcher Raphaël Rigo into canceling his talk at SyScan '15. Although Raphaël's talk did not contain any information about vulnerabilities on the ProxySG platform, the company still cited concerns that the talk was going to "provide information useful to the ongoing security assessments of ProxySG by Blue Coat." The canceling of the talk was met with harsh criticism by various prominent security researchers and professionals alike who generally welcome technical information about various security products that are widely used.

In March 2015, Bain Capital acquired the company from Thoma Bravo for $2.4 billion. Bain indicated that it hoped to launch another IPO and several months later, anonymous sources said the company was looking for investment banks for that purpose.

In August 2015, the company launched the Alliance Ecosystem of Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) to share information about IT security threats across vendors and companies. Its first channel program was started that March and the Cloud Ready Partner Program was announced the following April.

In November 2015, the company acquired Elastica, involved in cloud security, for $280 million.

By 2015, the company had $200 million in annual profits and about $600 million in revenues, a 50% increase from 2011.

On June 2, 2016, the company once again filed plans for an initial public offering. However, on June 13, 2016, the company abandoned its IPO plans and announced that Symantec agreed to acquire the company for $4.65 billion. The acquisition was completed on August 1, 2016 and the company's products were integrated into those of Symantec.

Blue Coat CEO Greg Clark was named CEO of Symantec and Blue Coat COO Michael Fey was named president and COO of Symantec.

Use by repressive regimes
Blue Coat devices are what is known as a "dual-use" technology, because they can be used both to defend corporate networks and by governments to censor and monitor the public's internet traffic. The appliances can see some types of encrypted traffic, block websites or record website traffic.

In October 2011, the U.S. government examined claims made by Telecomix, a hacktivist group, that Syria was using Blue Coat Systems products for internet censorship. Telecomix released 54GB of log data alleged to have been taken from 7 Blue Coat web gateway appliances that depict search terms, including "Israel" and "proxy", that were blocked in the country using the appliances. The company later acknowledged that its systems were being used in Syria, but asserted the equipment was sold to intermediaries in Dubai for use by an Iraqi governmental agency.

Despite the systems consistently sending "heartbeat" pings directly back to Blue Coat, the company claimed not to be monitoring the logs to identify from which country an appliance is communicating. Blue Coat announced that it would halt providing updates, support and other services for systems operating in Syria. In April 2013, the Bureau of Industry and Security announced a $2.8 million civil settlement with Computerlinks FZCO, a Dubai reseller, for violations of the Export Administration Regulations related to the transfer to Syria of Blue Coat products.

The company's devices were also used to block the public from viewing certain websites in Bahrain, Qatar, and U.A.E., among others. By 2013, Citizen Lab had published 3 reports regarding the company's devices being found in countries known for using technology to violate human rights. It identified 61 countries using Blue Coat devices, including those known for censoring and surveilling their citizens' internet activity, such as China, Egypt, Russia, and Venezuela. However, "it remains unclear exactly how the technologies are being used, but experts say the tools could empower repressive governments to spy on opponents."

See also

 Kaleidescape

References

1996 establishments in Washington (state)
1999 initial public offerings
2016 mergers and acquisitions
Business ethics
Software companies established in 1996
Software companies disestablished in 2016
Cyber-arms companies
Computer security software companies
Content-control software
Defunct software companies of the United States
Defunct companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Dot-com bubble
International information technology consulting firms
Server appliance
Gen Digital acquisitions


text:
Розріз цвиклівської свити малиновецької серії — геологічна пам'ятка природи місцевого значення, створена 04.09.1982 р. рішенням ОВК № 278 для збереження унікальних стратиграфічних профілів осадових порід. Повна назва пам'ятки  — розріз цвиклівської свити малиновецької серії (сокільська i бершанівська підсвита).

Пам'ятка знаходиться на північно-східній околиці с. Слобідка-Малиновецька. Охороняється розріз кремнієвих відкладів сеноманського ярусу крейдової системи. Наверху спостерігається переслоювання товщі неогенового вапняку з кремнієм. Цінність представляє неостратотип канилівської свити силуру. Загальна площа пам'ятки становить 2.1 га.

Примітки

Геологічні пам'ятки природи Хмельницької області
Природно-заповідний фонд Кам'янець-Подільського району
Природоохоронні об'єкти, засновані 1982
Території природно-заповідного фонду, що входять у Смарагдову мережу


text:
Chopper Command is a horizontally scrolling shooter released by Activision for the Atari 2600 in June 1982. It was written by Bob Whitehead.

Gameplay

In Chopper Command, the player controls a military helicopter in a desert scenario protecting a convoy of trucks. The goal is to destroy all enemy fighter jets and helicopters that attack the player's helicopter and the friendly trucks traveling below, ending the current wave. The game ends when the player loses all of his or her lives or reaches 999,999 points. A radar, called a Long Range Scanner in the instruction manual, shows all enemies, including those not visible on the main screen.

The player's helicopter is destroyed if it collides with an enemy aircraft or a truck (which would destroy the truck as well) or if it is shot by an enemy bullet.  The enemy bullet splits in two one going up and one going down.  Using the "A" difficulty level results in a slower player shot.

Each enemy helicopter is 100 points and each enemy jet is 200 points.  After each wave, bonus points are awarded for remaining trucks.

A player who achieved 10,000 points could send in a photo of the TV screen and receive a "Chopper Commandos" patch.

Reception
Richard A. Edwards reviewed Chopper Command in The Space Gamer No. 56. Edwards commented that "It is well-done, but if you wish to avoid another arcade shooting match, even if it has nice sound and graphics, then pass it up."

Computer and Video Games magazine reviewed the game in 1989, giving it an 83% score and noting it was very similar to Defender. Brett Weiss referred to it as "Defender in the desert".

Chopper Command won "Best Action Video Game" at the 4th annual Arkie Awards.

Legacy
Chopper Command can be found on the Activision Anthology.

See also

List of Atari 2600 games
List of Activision games: 1980–1999

References

External links
Chopper Command at Atari Mania
Chopper Command at AtariAge

1982 video games
Activision games
Atari 2600 games
Atari 2600-only games
Helicopter video games
Horizontally scrolling shooters
Video games developed in the United States


text:
Oleg Mikhaïlovitch Vinogradov (en ) est un danseur, chorégraphe et maître de ballet russe né à Léningrad le .

Élève de l'école de danse de Léningrad, il devient danseur de caractère à Novossibirsk de 1958 à 1965, où il monte ses premiers ballets qui font forte impression sur les jeunes chorégraphes russes. Engagé comme chorégraphe au Kirov (devenu par la suite Théâtre Mariinsky) de 1968 à 1972, puis au Théâtre Maly de 1973 à 1977, il est nommé chorégraphe en chef au Kirov en 1977.En 1978, il réalise une version du ballet Paquita pour le Ballet du Kirov qui sera dansée à l'Opéra de Paris entre 1980 et 2001.

Auteur de nombreux ballets, il invite aussi d'autres chorégraphes à étoffer le répertoire du Kirov, tels que George Balanchine, Jerome Robbins, Roland Petit ou Maurice Béjart.

Accusé de corruption, il est forcé de quitter son poste fin 1995 et est remplacé par Makharbek Vaziev.

Note

Liens externes

Danseur russe du XXe siècle
Chorégraphe russe
Maître de ballet
Troupe du Mariinsky
Danse classique
Danse moderne
Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres
Artiste du peuple de l'URSS
Lauréat du prix du Komsomol
Étudiant de l'Académie russe des arts du théâtre
Naissance en août 1937
Naissance à Léningrad


text:
Cristiada may refer to:
 Cristiada, an armed uprising in Mexico; see Cristero War
 Cristiada (film), a film about the uprising