text:
El canal Kurnool-Cuddapah és un canal de reg i abans de transport a Andhra Pradesh, Índia. Surt de la resclosa de Sunkesula al riu Tungabhadra, a uns 27 km abans de la ciutat de Kurnool i recorre 306 km pels districtes de Kurnool i de Cuddapah fins a arribar al Penner, on hi ha una resclosa al punt d'unió, i per tant la ciutat de Kudapa (Cuddapah).

Fou construït a partir de 1858 per la companyia "Madras Irrigation and Canal Company"; tenia grans projectes encoratjats per Sir A. Cotton però aviat va caure en problemes financers i encara que va acabar el canal no en va començar cap més. Es va acabar el 1882, i les deficiències de construcció, la manca d'aigua, el recórrer territoris fèrtils on l'aigua no era imprescindible, i altres factors el van convertir en un fracàs.

Referències

Kurnool
Geografia d'Andhra Pradesh

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Sujata Mohapatra (née à Balasore le ) est une célèbre danseuse et enseignante classique indienne du style odissi. Elle est notamment reconnue pour sa rigueur enseignante et, comme danseuse, pour sa grâce. Elle a contribué à la renaissance et à la popularisation de la danse Odissi, suivant notamment les traces de son beau-père .

Jeunesse et débuts
Elle a commencé à apprendre la danse odissi dès son plus jeune âge avec son maître (gourou) Sudhakar Sahu. À Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, en 1987, elle s'est formée à l'Odissi Research Center. C'est ensuite avec un autre et illustre maître Kelucharan Mohapatra (1926-2004) l'un des plus fameux danseur et enseignant de l'odissi qu'elle s'est perfectionnée. Elle a épousé , son fils qui est lui aussi un danseur renommé, leur fille Preetisha Mohapatra est elle aussi une danseuse odissi.

Carrière
Sous la direction de Kelucharan Mohapatra, son style de danse a évolué et elle a été préparée pour devenir l'une des toutes premières danseuses odissi de sa génération. Sujata Mohapatra se produit en Inde et dans d'autres pays en tant que soliste et elle est membre influente de la troupe de danse Srjan, fondée par son beau-père.

Sujata Mohapatra est une enseignante reconnue de l'art de la danse odissi. Elle est la directrice de Srjan (Odissi Nrityabasa), une institution reconnue fondée par Guru Kelucharan Mohapatra. Elle est par ailleurs titulaire d'un Master en littérature 'Odia literature de l'Utkal University et a effectué des travaux de recherche au centre de recherche d'odissi.

Citation
 « Si un jour on ne pratique pas, on le sait soi-même; si un deuxième jour on ne pratique pas, alors le gourou le sait; si pour un troisième jour on ne le fait pas, on ne pratique pas, alors le public le sait. »

Prix et récompenses
 Nritya Choodamani de Krishna Gana Sabha, Chennai, 2014
 Prix Mahari, Fondation Pankaj Charan
  prix Sanjukta Panigrahi, Chitra Krishnamurthi de Washington DC
 Prix Aditya Birla Kala Kiran, Mumbai
 Prix de la Fondation Raaza, Delhi
 Nritya Ragini, Puri, 2002
 Prix Baisakhi
 Prana Natta Samman
 Abhi Nandika, Puri, 2004
 Bheemeshwar Pratikha Samman, 2004
 Raaza Puruskar, 2008
 Artiste de haut niveau de Doordarshan Artiste de catégorie exceptionnel en ICCR

Liens externes

 Inauguration de l'Odissi Dance Institute Guru Keerti Srjan
 Plusieurs vidéos sur IndVid
 Odissi Dance Company

Références

Naissance en juin 1968
Naissance en Odisha
Danseuse indienne
Chorégraphe indien


text:
Tarja Kaarina Halonen (; born 24 December 1943) is a Finnish politician who served as the 11th president of Finland, and the first woman to hold the position, from 2000 to 2012. She first rose to prominence as a lawyer with the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK), and as the Prime Minister's parliamentary secretary (1974–1975) and a member of the City Council of Helsinki (1977–1996). Halonen was a Social Democratic Party member of parliament from 1979 until her election to the presidency in 2000. She also served as a minister at the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health from 1987 to 1990, as Minister of Justice from 1990 to 1991, and as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1995 to 2000.

Halonen was an extremely popular president, with her approval ratings reaching a peak of 88 percent in December 2003. She was re-elected in 2006, defeating National Coalition Party candidate Sauli Niinistö in the second round by 51% to 48%. Ineligible to run in the 2012 presidential elections because of term limits, Halonen left office on 1 March 2012 and was succeeded by Niinistö.

Widely known for her interest in human rights issues, Halonen served as the chairperson of the Finnish LGBT rights organization Seta in the 1980s, and she actively participated in the discussion of issues such as women's rights and the problems of globalization during her presidency. In 2006, she was mentioned by various commentators as a potential candidate for the United Nations Secretary-General selection, but she denied an interest at that time, stating that she wanted to finish her term as president before thinking about other career options.<ref>

Honours

National honours
 Finland: Former Grand Master Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Liberty
 Finland: Former Grand Master Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the White Rose
 Finland: Former Grand Master Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion

Foreign honours
 Austria: Grand Star of the Order of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
 Belgium: Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold I
 Brazil: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Southern Cross
 Chile: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit
 Croatia: Grand Cross of the Order of King Tomislav
 Denmark: Knight of the Order of the Elephant
 Denmark: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Dannebrog
 Estonia: Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
 Estonia: Collar of the Order of the White Star
 France: Grand Cross of the Order of the Legion of Honour
 Germany: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Special Class
 Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer
 Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of Honour
 Iceland: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Falcon
 Italy: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
 Japan: Knight Grand Cordon with Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum
 Kazakhstan: Grand Collar of the Order of the Golden Eagle
 Latvia: Commander Grand Cross with Chain of the Order of the Three Stars
 Liberia: Grand Cross of the Order of the Pioneers of Liberia
 Lithuania: Grand Cross with Chain of the Order of Vytautas the Great
 Luxembourg: Knight of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
 Netherlands: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the House of Orange
 Norway: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of St. Olav
 Qatar: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the  Order of Merit
 Poland: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Eagle
 Portugal: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Prince Henry
 Romania: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Star of Romania
 Russia: Recipient of the Medal of Pushkin
 Saudi Arabia: Grand Cross of the Order of Abdulaziz al Saud
 Senegal: Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion
 Slovakia: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Double Cross
 Slovenia: Member of the Decoration for Exceptional Merits
 Spain: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
 Sweden: Member with Collar of the Royal Order of the Seraphim
 Sweden: Commander Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Polar Star

Awards
 Canada: 2014 Fray International Sustainability Award given by FLOGEN Star Outreach
 University of Helsinki, Faculty of Philosophy, 2010
 Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 2010
 Theatre Academy Helsinki, 2009
 Umeå University, Sweden, 2009
 University of Minnesota Duluth, 2008
 Helsinki University of Technology, 2008
 Yerevan State University, 2005
 University of Tartu, 2004
 University of Bluefields, 2004
 University of Turku, 2003
 Finlandia University, 2003
 Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2002
 Eötvös Loránd University, 2002
 University of Kent, 2002
 Ewha Womans University, 2002
 Helsinki School of Economics, 2001
 University of Helsinki, Faculty of Law, 2000

In popular culture
A long-running joke, which stems from the recurring segment "Conan O'Brien Hates My Homeland", is that American talk show host Conan O'Brien resembles Tarja Halonen. After joking about this for several months (which led to his endorsement of her campaign), O'Brien travelled to Finland, appeared on several television shows and met President Halonen. The trip was filmed and aired as a special.

Halonen also appears as an animated character in the political satire TV series The Autocrats.

See also
 List of national leaders
 Club of Rome

References

Notes

External links

 Halonen, Tarja Kaarina
 Tarja Halonen & Seta
 Social-democratic party of Finland
 Tarja Halonen in The Presidents of Finland

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1943 births
Living people
Politicians from Helsinki
Social Democratic Party of Finland politicians
Presidents of Finland
Ministers of Justice of Finland
Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Finland
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1979–83)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1983–87)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1987–91)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1991–95)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1995–99)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1999–2003)
21st-century Finnish women politicians
Female foreign ministers
20th-century Finnish lawyers
Finnish Lutherans
Finnish women lawyers
LGBT and Lutheranism
Finnish LGBT rights activists
Women government ministers of Finland
Women presidents
University of Helsinki alumni

Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Finland
Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star
First Class of the Order of the Star of Romania
Grand Collars of the Order of Prince Henry
Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur
Grand Crosses of the Order of Honour (Greece)
Grand Crosses of the Order of Prince Henry
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Cross of Liberty
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Dannebrog
Grand Crosses of the Order of the House of Orange
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania
Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Grand Crosses with Golden Chain of the Order of Vytautas the Great
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Falcon
Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Recipients of the Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
Recipients of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
Recipients of the Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
Recipients of the Medal of Pushkin
Recipients of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Recipients of the Order of Prince Henry
Recipients of the Order of the House of Orange
Recipients of the Order of the Lion of Finland
Recipients of the Order of the Falcon
Recipients of the Order of Vytautas the Great
Female justice ministers
Women members of the Parliament of Finland
Finnish women diplomats
Candidates for President of Finland
Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 1st Class
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
Female heads of state
Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class
Finnish women activists


text:
A Montanan is a resident of the state of Montana, US.

The word may also refer to:
Montanan (magazine), the University of Montana's alumni magazine
SS Montanan, a cargo ship


text:
Postmix (auch Post-Mix) ist eine Methode zum Ausschank von – üblicherweise kohlensäurehaltigen – Erfrischungsgetränken. Beim Zapfen wird das gekühlte Leitungswasser mit oder ohne CO2 mit Aromen gemischt.

Bei Postmixsystemen kommen üblicherweise spezielle Getränkesirupe zum Einsatz, welche meist in Mehrweggebinden oder Bag-In-Box-Verpackungen ausgeliefert werden. Vor dem Servieren wird der Sirup im richtigen Verhältnis (meist 1:4 bis 1:16) mit gefiltertem, geschmacksneutralisiertem sowie gekühltem, und je nach Getränk auch mit Kohlensäure versetztem, Wasser vermischt. Dies geschieht in der Regel über Druck auf den KEG-Behälter, elektromagnetische Dosierpumpen oder Wasserstrahlzumischer.

Ein Postmixsystem ist vom Aufbau her aufwendiger als ein Premixsystem, daher gibt es wesentlich mehr Komponenten. Die Diffuser und Mischtrichter müssen täglich gereinigt werden. Der Vorteil von Postmixsystemen ist jedoch, dass ein Bruchteil der Lagerkapazität benötigt wird, da ausschließlich Sirup und Kohlensäure gelagert werden müssen und das Wasser aus dem öffentlichen Netz entnommen werden kann. Nachteilig sind jedoch höhere Anschaffungs- und Wartungskosten. Außerdem kann sich der Geschmack der Getränke gemäß dem örtlichen Trinkwassergeschmack ändern.

Quellen
 Post-Mix AG, Wallisellen
 Pepsi MidAmerica: Premix or postmix
 Mark Pendergrast: For God, Country and Coca-Cola, New York, 1993

Erfrischungsgetränk
Gastronomie als Thema


text:
Moulay Bouchta (en árabe مولاي بوشتى) es una ciudad de la provincia de Taunat, en la región de Fez-Mequinez, Marruecos. Según el censo de 2014 tiene una población de  habitantes.

Referencias

Localidades de la provincia de Taunat
Comunas de la provincia de Taunat


text:
Les Domitii Ahenobarbi sont une branche de la gens des Domitii. Elle tire son nom dAhenobarbus'' c'est-à-dire « barbe d'airain » ou « barbe rousse ». Elle a laissé l'Autel de Domitius Ahenobarbus, œuvre actuellement au musée du Louvre. Elle donne naissance à l'empereur Néron.

 Cnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, consul en -192 ;
 Cnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, consul suffect en -162 ;
 Cnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, consul en -122 ;
 Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, consul en -94 ;
 Cnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, consul en -96 ;
 Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, consul en -54 ;
 Cnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, consul en -32 ;
 Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, seul fils du précédent épousa Antonia Major, fille de Marc Antoine et d'Octavie et consul en -16 ;
 Cnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, fils du précédent, père de Néron ;
 Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus dit Néron''', fils du précédent; cinquième empereur de Rome, dernier de la dynastie des julio-claudiens.

pl:Ahenobarbus


text:
La ville américaine de  est située dans le comté de Cassia, dans l'Idaho.

Histoire
La localité s'est d'abord appelée Marshfield. Son nom actuel date de 1916 et provient de l'amalgame du nom de deux familles de résidents, Dethles et Cloughly.

Démographie

Lors du recensement , sa population s'élevait à .

Source

Notes et références

Liens externes

Municipalité dans l'Idaho
Comté de Cassia


text:
Biografia
Dopo un periodo di studio presso Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole e lavori a Bologna,  a Firenze e a Pisa si trasferì, attorno al 1720, a Piacenza e poi ancora a Parma, dove realizzò numerose opere.

A Piacenza i suoi lavori sono presenti in diverse chiese, San Giorgio Sopramuro, San Dalmazio, San Giuseppe delle Carmelitane, San Vincenzo, San Giovanni in Canale; a Parma nell'Oratorio delle Grazie, in Duomo, in Sant'Uldarico, nella Santissima Annunziata.

Spiccano nella produzione dell'artista, per quantità e qualità, i suoi affreschi eseguiti a Lodi presso il sontuoso palazzo Pitoletti Fontana; nella chiesa di San Francesco, dove il Santo di Assisi si libra in aria incorniciato da una scenografica architettura di colonne tortili; e presso il salone antico della Biblioteca dello storico Collegio San Francesco.

Decorò anche diversi palazzi a Parma, Sala Baganza (PR) e Sissa (PR). Lavorò poi a Genova (Palazzo Spinola), in cui abitò dal 1729 al 1736, per poi trasferirsi a Mondovì ove visse gli ultimi anni della sua vita. Lo vediamo attivo al Castello di Rivoli (To) dove affresca la volta dell'Atrio con la scena del matrimonio di Bacco e Arianna. Nel Santuario della Madonna di caravaggio a Codogno dipinse due pale d'altare che raffigurano la Presentazione di Maria al tempio e il Transito di San Giuseppe.

Bibliografia
 Rita Dugoni, Sebastiano Galeotti in "Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani" 51 (1998)
Rita Dugoni, Sebastiano Galeotti (Firenze 1675 – Mondovì 1741), Torino 2001.
Marco Horak, Un dipinto di Sebastiano Galeotti in S. Agata a Rivergaro, in "Panorama Musei" Anno XXIV n. 2 - agosto 2019

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni


text:
Юрій Андрійович Красін (, Пенза, СРСР) — радянський і російський соціолог і політолог, фахівець в галузі соціальної філософії та політичної теорії. Доктор філософських наук, професор, головний науковий співробітник Інституту соціології РАН, керівник відділу аналізу соціально-політичних процесів ІС РАН, Почесний доктор Інституту соціології РАН, академік Російської академії природничих наук, член Президії Академії політичної науки.

Науковій громадськості відомий працями з теоретичних проблем суспільних трансформацій (соціальні революції, реформаційні процеси, суспільно-політичні рухи).

Життєпис

Закінчив філософський факультет Ленінградського державного університету в 1952 році. У 1955 році захистив кандидатську дисертацію за темою «Закономірності переростання буржуазно-демократичної революції в соціалістичну в Росії».

У 1965 році отримав ступінь доктора філософських наук. Тема дисертації: «Ленін і проблеми марксистської теорії соціальної революції». Має вчене звання професора з 1967.

 1952—1960 — викладач, доцент кафедри філософії Ленінградського педагогічного інституту імені А. І. Герцена;
 1960—1963 — доцент Інституту підвищення кваліфікації викладачів суспільних наук при Московському університеті;
 1963 — старший науковий співробітник Інституту філософії АН СРСР (нині Інститут філософії РАН);
 1964 — захистив докторську дисертацію по темі "В. І. Ленін і проблеми марксистської теорії соціалістичної революції ".
 1963—1975 — консультант міжнародного відділу ЦК КПРС, одночасно професор МГУ;
 1975—1987 — професор, керівник кафедри, проректор з науки Академії суспільних наук при ЦК КПРС;
 1987—1991 — ректор Інституту суспільних наук при ЦК КПРС;
 1991—1992 — генеральний директор Фонду соціально-політичних досліджень;
 1992—2011 — директор Центру соціальних програм, дослідник, радник Горбачов-Фонду;
 З 1999 по 2005 — координатор російсько-канадського проекту Університет Калгарі — Горбачов-Фонд з проблем публічної політики.
 З 2009 по 2013 — професор кафедри світової політики і міжнародних відносин Російського державного гуманітарного університету.
 З 1993 — по наш час керівник Відділу аналізу соціально-політичних процесів Інституту соціології РАН.

Наукова діяльність

В області теорії соціальної революції Красін обґрунтував ідею історизму в підході до феномену революції і його теоретичного осмислення. Революція як одноразовий різкий злам соціально-політичного ладу виникає в тих суспільствах, де відсутні механізми еволюційного вирішення внутрішніх протиріч. Для капіталізму — це рання стадія його розвитку, якій притаманні гострі соціально-класові антагонізми. Ускладнення суспільної системи підвищує витрати революційних переворотів і створює передумови для консенсусних способів вирішення протиріч. З'явилися зрушення в співвідношенні революції і реформ, соціальна революція поступово набуває рис еволюційного процесу глибокого реформування існуючої системи. Логіка розвитку теорії революції розкривається в монографіях і наукових статтях Красіна на основі аналізу змінювалися реалії капіталізму і світу в 1960—1980 роки XX століття. Теорія розглядається крізь призму реальної практики світових громадських рухів, з якої автор був добре знайомий багато в чому завдяки практично-політичній роботі в Міжнародному відділі ЦК КПРС.

Красін заснував і протягом ряду років керував постійно діючим всесоюзним теоретичним симпозіумом з проблем світового революційного процесу, організованим АОН при ЦК КПРС на базі республіканських і міжобласних партійних шкіл. З 1977 по 1988 рік проведено 14 засідань симпозіуму в Москві, Ленінграді, Києві, Мінську, Ташкенті, Алма-Аті, Новосибірську. Матеріали дискусій авторизовані і видані для службового користування. Вони ще чекають свого вивчення. Симпозіум став свого роду лабораторією теоретичної думки, яка до певної міри відшкодовувала вченим (особливо з периферії) дефіцит інформації і творчого середовища, генерувала свіжі ідеї в публічний простір.
Красін Ю. А. обґрунтував концепцію демократичної реформації російського суспільства і висунув ідею, що перехід України до ринкової економіки та демократичного ладу, ініційований перебудовою (1985—1991 рр.), охоплює цілу епоху глибокої трансформації суспільства, боротьби і взаємодії суперечливих тенденцій, чергування руйнівних, творчих і застійних стадій розвитку. Результат реформації не визначений і залежить від здатності суспільства консолідуватися в пошуку адекватних способів і форм перетворень. Демократична реформація в Росії наштовхується на авторитарні тенденції, які мають глибоке історичне коріння, які підтримуються руйнівними наслідками радикал ліберальних експериментів форсованого насадження ринку.

Слабкість і нестійкість російської демократії — в нерозвиненості громадянського суспільства. Становлення інфраструктури громадянськості в країні відбувається повільно і здебільшого приймає корпоративний характер, що лише посилює авторитарні тенденції. Серед сценаріїв політичного розвитку Росії на середньострокову перспективу найбільш ймовірно — домінування помірно авторитарної влади («м'який авторитаризм»), яка застосовує жорсткі заходи для забезпечення цілісності країни, мобілізації ресурсів та підтримки суверенітету Росії.
В рамках російсько-канадського проекту «Університет Калгарі — Горбачов-Фонд» Красіна Ю. А. був розроблені наступні питання публічної сфери і публічної політики:

 в науковий обіг були введені і специфіковані для російських умов поняття «публічна сфера» і «публічна політика»; розкриті зміст і функції публічної сфери в суспільстві, що трансформується;
 витлумачений сенс публічної політики як політики, що виражає публічний інтерес і формується через суперечливе взаємодія держави, громадянського суспільства і бізнесу;
 намічені напрямки пошуку відповідей на основні виклики публічній політиці (адміністративно-бюрократичний, корпоративний, радикально ліберальний), позначені контури коридору можливостей розширення і демократизації російської публічної сфери як арени громадської рефлексії.

У ряді праць Красіна аналізуються політичні аспекти інноваційної модернізації російського суспільства. Ця тема розглядається в контексті переходу людства до якісно нового інноваційного типу розвитку (ІТП). Дана характеристика ІТП, показано, що інноваційна модернізація відповідає інтересам Росії. Це вимагає від неї великої напруги енергії і волі для розвитку людського і соціального капіталу, що пов'язане з вирішенням ключових соціально-політичних проблем російського суспільства (рівність-нерівність, демократія-авторитаризм, глобалізація-суверенітет). Для цього необхідна модернізація політичної системи суспільства. Росії притаманне протиріччя між потребою в прориві до ІТП і перешкоджають йому тенденціями (надлишкова нерівність і розшарування суспільства, авторитарні тенденції, «одержавлення» громадянського суспільства, дефіцит енергії самодіяльності і самоорганізації). Модернізація — імператив, тому що випливає з логіки розвитку російського суспільства. Але можливі й альтернативи, які можуть привести до застою, деградації і навіть розпаду країни.
Поточний проект (з 2007 р): «Протиріччя суспільної свідомості і російська політична система». Основним задумом проекту є дослідження особливостей сучасної соціальної доктрини в 1992-96 рр. в Центрі соціальних програм Горбачов-Фонду.

Тоді Красіним була висловлена думка, що сьогодні соціальна реальність настільки складна і антиномічна, що жодна з традиційних ідеологічних доктрин не може претендувати на цілісну і несуперечливу картину соціуму. Найбільш повне бачення соціальної дійсності складається як перманентний синтетичний процес взаємодії «видінь» з різних соціальних і цивілізаційних позицій.
У поточному проекті ця робота продовжена. Сьогодні суспільну свідомість під впливом кардинальних змін в світі відчуває «шокове потрясіння». Сьогоднішня російська свідомість — гібрид минулого і майбутнього. Поряд з успадкованими від минулого консервативними структурами свідомості виникають нові, орієнтовані на свідоме регулювання життєдіяльності та довкілля (ноосфера). Перехід до ІТП породжує запит на креативність, на людину-творця, на новий гуманізм. Як би не були різноманітні інтереси та погляди різних об'єднань і спільнот людей, за ними завжди стоять потреби і запити, інстинкти і потенціал людини як такої.

За відмінностями ховається — спільний знаменник родової властивості. Це дає підставу для усвідомлення інваріантності базових цінностей людської спільноти і, перш за все, основного постулату — людина є найвища цінність. Новий гуманізм дозволяє розширити рамки громадянськості до всесвітніх масштабів; розробити глобальну модель цілісного «світу світів», соціуму, що живе за принципом: «єдність в різноманітті».
Красін Ю. А. є членом Міжнародного редакційної ради «Вісника Інституту соціології», членом редколегії журналу «Світова економіка і міжнародні відносини».
Автор понад 600 наукових праць, в тому числі 25 монографій.

Сфери наукових інтересів

 демократія і громадянське суспільство
 публічна сфера і публічна політика
 реформація російського соціуму
 інноваційний тип розвитку і модернізація російського суспільства
 глобалізація та світова політика
 плюралізм суспільної свідомості і новий гуманізм

Нагороди і премії

 Лауреат Державної Премії СРСР
 Лауреат премії Ломоносова МДУ

Ордени

 «Знак Пошани»,
 Дружби Народів,
 медалт «За трудову доблесть»,
 медаль «Ветеран праці»

Наукові нагороди

 Срібна медаль ім. Питирима Сорокіна,
 Медаль ім. Г. Шахназарова «За внесок в політичну науку»
 Сертифікат Правління Видання Who is Who in the World за видатні досягнення в своїй сфері діяльності (2013).

Книги

 Ленинская теория социалистической революции. — Л., ЛГПИ им. А. И. Герцена, 1960. (Учёные записки. Т. 220)
 Мирное сосуществование — форма классовой борьбы. М., Политиздат, 1961
 Идеи непримиримы. М., 1963
 Мирное сосуществование и борьба за всеобщий мир. М., изд. МГУ, 1965
 «Социология революции» против революции. М., Политиздат, 1966
 Ленин, революция, современность. М., Наука, 1967.
 Проблемы революции и современность. М., 1967
 Главная революционная сила в цитаделях капитализма. М., 1971
 Диалектика революционного процесса. М., 1972
 Социология революции. Марксистская оценка (на англ. яз.). М., 1972.
 Мировой революционный процесс. М., Знание, 1975
 Революцией устрашенные. Критический очерк буржуазной концепций социальной революции, М., Политиздат, 1975.
 Теория социалистической революции: ленинское наследие и современность. М., Мысль, 1977
 Лейбзон Б. М. Революционная теория и революционная политика. М., Политиздат, 1979
 Международное коммунистическое движение как предмет изучения. М., 1980
 Революционный процесс современности. Теоретические очерки, М., Политиздат, 1981.
 Интернациональное и национальное в мировом революционном процессе. М., 1986
 В. И. Ленин и проблемы социальной революции современности. М., 1987.
 (в соавт. с Галкиным А. А.) Критика российского авторитаризма. М., 1995.
 Галкин А. А. Сильная демократия — альтернатива авторитаризму. М., 1996
 (в соавт. с Галкиным А. А.) Россия на перепутье. Авторитаризм или демократия: варианты развития // М., 1998.
 (в соавт. Галкиным А. А.), Россия: Quo vadis?- М.: Институт социологии РАН, 2003. ISBN 5-89697-071-4
 (соавтор и редактор), Публичная политика в России // Альпина Бизнес Букс, М., 2008.
 (соавтор и соредактор), Социальное неравенство и публичная политика // М., 2007
 Метаморфозы российской реформации. Политологические сюжеты. М., 2009.
 (соавтор и редактор) Альтернативы развития. Россия между модернизацией и деградацией. Политологические очерки — М.: Институт социологии РАН, 2013. ISBN 978-5-89697-223-5
 Российская реформация: параметры, противоречия, перспективы. Saarbrucken, Lambert Academic Publishing, 2015.

Статті

 Идеологический плюрализм и метаидеология нового гуманизма // Вестник Института социологии. 2015. № 12.
 Модернизация социума: западный модерн или социокультурная спецификация. Российский Кавказ: проблемы, поиски, решения / Изд. «Аспект Пресс», 2015.
 Идеология в трансформирующемся мире: штрихи к новому видению // Полис. Политические исследования. 2014. № 6.
 Гуманизм, модернизация, интеллигенция // Вестник РГГУ, № 7, 2014;
 Демократия в эпоху «большого переформатирования». Дорога к свободе. М.:ЛЕНАНД, 2013,
 Модернизация общества и новый гуманизм. Научный и общественно-политический альманах — «Развитие и экономика», № 8, декабрь 2013;
 Модернизация российского общества: соотношение экономики и политики // Власть. 2010. № 2.
 Инновационное развитие и политическая система России // Полития, 2010, № 3-4.
 Социология и политология: общая судьба, общие заботы // Политические исследования. 2008. № 5.
 Социалистическая идея, проекция в XXI век // Россия в глобальном мире: социально-политические проблемы, М., 2008.
 О конфликте цивилизаций и практических шагах к устойчивому миру миров // От диалога цивилизаций к сотрудничеству и интеграции (на рус. и англ. яз.), М., 2006.
 (в соавт. с Галкиным А. А.), Культура толерантности перед вызовами глобализации // Социологические исследования. 2003. № 8.
 Национальные интересы: миф или реальность? // Свободная мысль, 1996, № 3.
 В поисках социальной доктрины // Обозреватель-Observer, 1994, № 16-17.
 Кризис марксизма и место марксистской традиции в истории общественной мысли // Свободная мысль, 1993, № 1.
 Долгий путь к демократии и гражданскому обществу // Полис, 1992, № 5-6.
 Политические аспекты социологии // Социологические исследования, 1979, № 1.
 Некоторые вопросы методологии политического мышления // Международные отношения, политика и личность, М., 1976.

Посилання

http://www.isras.ru/pers_about.html?id=130
http://www.isras.ru/publ_mainlist.html?id=130
http://morapn.ru/krasin-yurij-andreevich/
http://academpolit.ru/
http://ecsocman.hse.ru/text/16147375/
http://www.isras.ru/publ.html?id=3013
https://web.archive.org/web/20171210172941/http://www.isras.ru/oas-pp.html

Випускники Санкт-Петербурзького університету


text:
In carriera ha vinto un titolo WTA, e nei tornei del Grande Slam vanta una semifinale a Wimbledon 2010, colta grazie a una sorprendente vittoria nei quarti sull'allora numero 2 al mondo Venus Williams. In seguito a tale risultato ha raggiunto il suo best ranking alla posizione 31 della classifica WTA. Ha ottenuto inoltre due quarti di finale: agli Open di Francia 2016 e agli US Open 2020; in questi ultimi è risultata essere la prima tennista nella storia a giungervi senza essere presente in classifica, causa ritiro nel 2017 per infortunio e, successivamente, per maternità.

Carriera

2005-2007: esordi
Cvetana Pironkova fa il suo esordio nel circuito WTA nel maggio 2005 prendendo parte al torneo di Istanbul, dove sorprendentemente arriva fino in semifinale.

Nel gennaio del 2006 la bulgara fa il suo esordio in un torneo dello Slam partecipando all'Australian Open e venendo eliminata al secondo turno dall'americana Laura Granville. Successivamente al Torneo di Wimbledon batte al primo turno la tedesca Anna-Lena Grönefeld ma al secondo viene sconfitta dalla giovane polacca Agnieszka Radwańska. A novembre ottiene il suo best-ranking WTA piazzandosi al 62º posto.

Nel 2007 la giovane bulgara viene eliminata in tutti i tornei dello Slam al primo turno.

2008-2009

Nel mese di gennaio disputa il Torneo di Sydney, ma viene eliminata al primo turno da Dominika Cibulková. All'Australian Open batte al primo turno Vol'ha Havarcova, ma al secondo turno viene sconfitta da Svetlana Kuznecova. Nel mese di maggio riesce ad arrivare fino ai quarti di finale degli Internazionali BNL d'Italia. In questa circostanza batte Ana Ivanović e Viktoryja Azaranka prima di essere sconfitta da Anna Čakvetadze. Al Roland Garros viene eliminata al secondo turno dalla spagnola Anabel Medina Garrigues. Termina l'anno al numero 46 del ranking WTA.

Nel gennaio 2009 raggiunge i quarti di finale del torneo di Hobart.
Agli Australian Open supera al primo turno Karolina Šprem ma al secondo è costretta ad arrendersi a Marion Bartoli. Al torneo di Marbella viene battuta al primo turno da Roberta Vinci. Viene battuta da Jill Craybas al primo turno sia agli Open di Francia che al Torneo di Wimbledon.

2010: semifinale a Wimbledon e best ranking
La giovane bulgara apre l'anno partecipando alle qualificazioni del torneo di Sydney perdendo al primo turno contro Anna-Lena Grönefeld. All'Australian Open esce al secondo turno contro Shahar Peer. A febbraio disputa le qualificazioni per entrare nei main-draw di Parigi e Dubai ma in entrambe le occasione non ci riesce perché battuta da Dar'ja Kustova e da Tamira Paszek. Nel mese di marzo gioca in nord America ad Indian Wells e a Miami ma non ottiene risultati degni di nota. Dati gli scarsi risultati disputa un torneo ITF a Fort Walton Beach in cui viene eliminata in semifinale.

Ad aprile esce al secondo turno delle qualificazioni a Barcellona contro Sílvia Soler Espinosa. A Stoccarda viene eliminata da Jelena Janković al secondo turno per 2–6 2–6 dopo che al primo era riuscita ad eliminare Margalita Čachnašvili. A maggio non riesce ad entrare nei tabelloni principali dei tornei di Roma e Madrid perché battuta già nelle qualificazioni. Successivamente riesce ad arrivare ai quarti di finale del torneo di Varsavia, ma viene sconfitta dalla rumena Alexandra Dulgheru. Al Roland Garros viene battuta al primo turno dalla belga Justine Henin in due set.

Nel mese di giugno ottiene la sua migliore prestazione in un torneo del Grande Slam a Wimbledon, dove, dopo aver passato i primi quattro turni battendo anche la n. 11 del torneo Marion Bartoli (6-4 6-4), è approdata ai quarti di finale. Qui ha battuto la numero 2 al mondo Venus Williams con un netto 6-2 6-3, accedendo per la prima volta ad una semifinale Slam, dove però ha perso contro la russa Vera Zvonarëva 6-3 3-6 2-6. Alla fine del torneo ha raggiunto la posizione 31 del ranking, suo miglior piazzamento.

A luglio partecipa al torneo di Palermo ma esce al secondo turno contro Jill Craybas anche a causa di un infortunio. A fine mese torna a giocare al torneo di Istanbul ma perde al secondo turno contro Anastasija Rodionova.

Agli US Open la bulgara batte al primo turno la ceca Renata Voráčová per 6-3, 6-4 ma al secondo esce contro la lussemburghese Mandy Minella.

A fine settembre al torneo di Tokyo Cvetana supera al primo turno la giapponese Ayumi Morita ma al secondo viene eliminata da Roberta Vinci. Ad ottobre prende parte al torneo di Pechino ma esce al primo turno contro Marija Šarapova. La Pironkova gioca il suo ultimo torneo dell'anno a Mosca, ma viene eliminata al secondo turno da Dominika Cibulková.

La Pironkova chiude l'anno al numero 35 della classifica WTA.

2011-2012

Cvetana gioca il suo primo torneo della stagione a Hobart, ma perde al primo turno contro la cinese Peng Shuai. All'Australian Open la Pironkova perde al secondo turno contro la rumena Monica Niculescu. All'Open di Francia la bulgara perde contro Gisela Dulko al secondo turno.

A Wimbledon la Pironkova conferma in parte le buone prestazioni dell'anno precedente arrivando fino ai quarti di finale. Batte la giovane italiana Camila Giorgi in due set per 6-2, 6-1, al secondo turno elimina la croata Petra Martić per 6-1, 6-4, al turno successivo batte Vera Zvonarëva per 6-2, 6-3 (vendicandosi della sconfitta dell'anno prima) e in seguito elimina nuovamente al quarto turno Venus Williams per 6-2, 6-3. Infine, ai quarti viene superata da Petra Kvitová per 3-6, 7-6, 2-6.

Nel luglio 2011 la bulgara partecipa al torneo di Palermo. In tale occasione batte al primo turno Anna Tatišvili e al secondo turno Sorana Cîrstea ma viene battuta ai quarti di finale da Flavia Pennetta.

Successivamente gioca il torneo di Cincinnati ma esce al primo turno contro Christina McHale. Agli US Open la Pironkova supera al primo turno Virginie Razzano ma perde al secondo contro Peng Shuai.

Nel mese di ottobre al torneo di Tokyo perde al secondo turno contro Vera Zvonarëva. La settimana successiva perde al primo turno del torneo di Pechino contro Samantha Stosur.

La bulgara chiude la stagione al numero 46 del ranking WTA.

La Pironkova inizia la stagione prendendo parte alla Hopman Cup, torneo esibizione riservato a squadre nazionali miste, insieme a Grigor Dimitrov. Al Torneo di Wimbledon 2012 viene lodata dalla stampa per il suo miglioramento e padronanza della pallina, soprattutto contro la numero uno del mondo Marija Šarapova al secondo turno, anche se verrà da quest'ultima sconfitta. Invece agli US Open 2012 raggiunge gli ottavi di finale, venendo eliminata da Ana Ivanović con il punteggio di 0-6 4-6.

2013-2014: primo titolo in carriera

La bulgara inizia la stagione 2013 perdendo ai quarti di finale del torneo di Hobart contro la tedesca Mona Barthel. All'Australian Open perde al primo turno contro Romina Oprandi.

Al Torneo di Wimbledon la Pironkova viene eliminata agli ottavi di finale dalla polacca Agnieszka Radwańska dopo aver eliminato precedentemente: Anastasija Pavljučenkova, Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová e Petra Martić.

La bulgara inizia la stagione 2014 ottimamente arrivando, da qualificata, ad aggiudicarsi il Torneo WTA Premier di Sydney, primo trofeo della carriera. In tale circostanza batte, partendo dalle qualificazioni, nell'ordine: Ayumi Morita, Maryna Zanevs'ka, Shahar Peer, Sorana Cîrstea, Varvara Lepchenko, Sara Errani, Petra Kvitová e, in finale, Angelique Kerber. Agli Australian Open batte al primo turno Sílvia Soler Espinosa, ma esce al secondo turno sconfitta da Samantha Stosur. A Doha viene estromessa al secondo turno da Annika Beck. A Linz fa una buona prova dove sconfigge la wild-card Moser e approfitta del ritiro della canadese, numero uno del seeding, Eugenie Bouchard prima di cedere in 3 set alla Knapp.

2015-2019: quarti di finale al Roland Garros e ritiro
Inizia la stagione al torneo di Brisbane dove viene sconfitta al primo turno da Carla Suárez Navarro per 3-6 6-2 6-1.

Agli Open di Francia 2016 riesce ad arrivare per la prima volta ai quarti di finale, estromettendo, in ordine: Sara Errani, Johanna Larsson, Sloane Stephens e Agnieszka Radwańska, per poi essere sconfitta da Samantha Stosur per 4-6 66-7.

In seguito, la sua presenza nel tennis diventa sempre più scarsa, fino ad arrivare al 2017, anno in cui dà alla luce un figlio e si ritira dalle competizioni per dedicarsi alla famiglia.

2020: ritorno in campo e in un quarto di finale Slam
Dopo una gravidanza e quasi tre anni di stop, ritorna in campo agli US Open 2020 grazie al ranking protetto. Qui si impone al primo turno su Ljudmila Samsonova per 6-2 6-3 e poi, a sorpresa, sulla due volte campionessa Slam Garbiñe Muguruza per 7-5 6-3. In seguito, estromette Donna Vekić per 6-4 6-1 e Alizé Cornet con il punteggio di 6-4 65-7 6-3. Accede, in questo modo, ai quarti di finale: i primi a New York e i primi dopo più di 4 anni dall'ultima volta (Open di Francia 2016). Qui affronta la testa di serie numero 3 e sei volte campionessa del torneo Serena Williams, perdendo per 6-4 3-6 2-6. Alla fine del torneo rientra in classifica, alla posizione 156.

Segue poi il secondo Slam stagionale, il Roland Garros, dove riceve una wild card per accedere direttamente al tabellone principale. Al primo turno incontra la tedesca Andrea Petković, che sconfigge con un doppio 6-3, mentre nel secondo beneficia del ritiro di Serena Williams per un infortunio, accedendo direttamente al terzo turno. Qui viene sconfitta in tre set da Barbora Krejčíková (7-5 4-6 3-6).

2021
Pironkova apre la stagione qualificandosi per il tabellone principale degli Australian Open, grazie alle vittorie su Kyōka Okamura (6-0 6-1), Han Na-lae (6-0 3-6 6-1) e Margarita Gasparjan (6-3 7-5). Viene però estromessa al primo turno da Hsieh Su-wei (5-7 2-6).

In seguito, partecipa allo Yarra Valley Classic di Melbourne, sfruttando il ranking protetto: la bulgara esordisce con una vittoria ai danni di Ljudmila Samsonova, per 6-2 6-1 e al secondo turno batte Donna Vekić (testa di serie nº9), con lo score di 1-6 6-4 6-2, approdando agli ottavi di finale: qui affronta Serena Williams e, come successo agli US Open l'anno prima, la bulgara cede all'americana (1-6 4-6).

Prende poi parte nel mese di marzo al Miami Open, dove elimina alle qualificazioni Caty McNally (7-6 7-6) e Vol'ha Havarcova (6-0 6-3). Nei sessantaquattresimi di finale sconfigge Marta Kostjuk per 7-64 3-6 6-3 e poi affronta Aryna Sabalenka, perdendo 6-0 3-6 69-7.

Disputa in seguito il Roland Garros partendo dalle qualificazioni, ma viene fermata dalla svizzera Susan Bandecchi. A Wimbledon non riesce a superare le qualificazioni, ma viene ripescata come lucky loser, perdendo al primo turno contro Julija Putinceva (3-6 1-6). Segue l'ultimo Slam stagionale, gli US Open, dove Pironkova accede direttamente al tabellone principale, trovando al primo turno Dar'ja Kasatkina, testa di serie numero 25, perdendo per 6-2 6-1.

Caratteristiche tecniche
Principali caratteristiche tecniche della Pironkova sono un gioco con la mano destra e l'esecuzione del rovescio a due mani.

Statistiche WTA

Singolare

Vittorie (1)

Statistiche ITF

Singolare

Vittorie (6)

Sconfitte (7)

Risultati in progressione

Singolare

Note
 1 Il Dubai Tennis Championships e il Qatar Ladies Open di Doha si scambiano frequentemente lo status tra evento Premier ed evento Premier 5.
 2 Nel 2014 il Toray Pan Pacific Open ha cambiato lo status in evento Premier ed è stato sostituito dal Wuhan Open come evento Premier 5.

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni


text:
Unilever Sri Lanka is a Sri Lankan consumer goods company located in Colombo. It is wholly owned by Unilever, a British multinational consumer goods company. Its products include food, beauty products, personal care, pharmaceuticals, and baby products. Unilever Sri Lanka was established in 1938 as Lever Brother Ceylon Limited. In 1972, it was renamed Unilever Sri Lanka. The company has been ranked as Most Valuable and Strongest Brand and Most Respected Entity. The company has over two dozen brands that are market leaders in Sri Lanka since the 1940s. Unilever operates from a factory complex in an industrial zone of Horana since 2012. About 96% of the company's products are manufactured locally, and more than twenty of its brands are exported outside Sri Lanka.

Awards
Unilever Sri Lanka's largest factory facility, in Horana, is ISO 9001-certified. It manufactures up to 200 products, covering fourteen brands.
In 2015, the company won the SLIM Brand Excellence award.
Unilever Sri Lanka has developed a plastic-free, environmentally friendly packaging system. It was awarded the first eco-friendly baby product SLS certification in 2020.

Unilever Sri Lanka brands

See also
 List of food companies
 List of largest companies in Sri Lanka

References

External links

1938 establishments in Ceylon
Food and drink companies of Sri Lanka
Privately held companies of Sri Lanka


text:
Panzer Elite ist eine Militärsimulation, die 1999 in Deutschland erschien. Sie wurde vom Softwareunternehmen Wings Simulations entwickelt und von Psygnosis vertrieben. Nach dem Verkauf von Wings Simulations an JoWooD gab es das Spiel nochmals als Special Edition. Im Jahr 2006 erschien der Nachfolger Panzer Elite Action.

Panzer Elite
Das Spiel ist eine Panzersimulation, die Schlachten in Nordafrika, Italien und der Normandie im Zweiten Weltkrieg nachbildet. Es kann jeweils die deutsche oder alliierte Seite gewählt werden. Als Panzerkommandant beginnt man seine Kampagne in Nordafrika (Tunesien) und wird durch Schlachten geführt, die sich an realen Verläufen orientieren. Wichtig ist, dass man als Chef eines Panzerzuges neben der Taktik zu Felde auch die Versorgung zwischen den Schlachten im Auge hat.

Spielkonzeption
Panzer Elite besteht in der Schlacht aus 3D-Objekten und in den Rast-Sequenzen aus drei animierten 2D-Kulissen je nach Land (Afrika: Wüstenlager, Italien: Stadtkreuzung, Normandie: Feldweglager). In diesen Kulissen wird der Nachschub und die Reparatur jeweils mit Mausklicks auf die Objekte erledigt. Die Nachschubsituation hängt von den Schlachtergebnissen beziehungsweise dem Kriegsverlauf ab. Wichtige Kriegsereignisse und Änderungen werden durch Filme aus Archivmaterial eingeblendet. Im Gegensatz zu heutigen Simulationen wurden einzelne Soldaten in der Schlacht als animierte 2D-Objekte (ähnlich wie Pappkameraden) dargestellt. Nur die Fahrzeuge und Häuser wurden als 3D-Modelle erstellt.

Special Edition
Nach der Übernahme von Wings Simulations durch JoWood wurde eine Special Edition des Spiels auf den Markt gebracht, die zusätzlich eine Afrika-Modifikation mit britischen Truppen enthielt, die von Fans erstellt wurde.

Panzer Elite Action

2006 erschien das mehr auf Action ausgelegte Spiel Panzer Elite Action. Wenig später folgte der Nachfolger Panzer Elite Action: Dunes of War.

Weblinks

Computerspiel 1999
Panzersimulation
Windows-Spiel
Zweiter-Weltkrieg-Computerspiel


text:
Robert Peake der Ältere (ca. 1551 bis 1619) war ein englischer Maler unter Elizabeth I. und Jakob I. Im Jahr 1604 wurde er zum offiziellen Porträtisten des Thronfolgers, Henry Frederick Stuart, Prince of Wales, ernannt. Ab 1607 teilte er sich mit John de Critz den gleichen Posten bei König Jakob I. Peake wird oft als "der Ältere" apostrophiert, um ihn von seinem Sohn, dem Maler William Peake (ca. 1580–1639), und von seinem Enkel, Sir Robert Peake (ca. 1605–1667), zu unterscheiden.

Peake war der einzige in England gebürtige Maler einer Gruppe von vier Künstlern, deren Intention sich stark ähnelte. Die anderen waren De Critz, Marcus Gheeraerts der Jüngere sowie der Miniatur-Maler Isaak Oliver. Diese Maler spezialisieren sich zwischen 1590 und um 1625 auf farbenprächtige Ganzfigur-Kostümstücke, die im England dieser Zeit einzigartig waren.  Es ist nicht immer möglich, die Urheberschaft für die vielen Porträts genau zu bestimmen, so ähnlich waren sich Peake, De Critz, Gheeraerts und ihre Assistenten in ihrer Malweise.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Maler (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Engländer
Geboren im 16. Jahrhundert
Gestorben im 17. Jahrhundert
Mann


text:
Ross McCall (born 13 January 1976) is a Scottish actor best known for his roles as T-5 Joseph Liebgott in the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers (2001) and Matthew Keller in the hit series White Collar. He played the child version of Freddie Mercury in the music video for the Queen single "The Miracle".

Career
McCall was born in Port Glasgow to John and Maggie McCall but was raised in England from the age of 7, when his family relocated to Kent. His older brother, Stuart, is a policeman in Sussex. His father was a fire chief and his mother was a nurse. His parents later amicably divorced. Both live in England. His first notable screen role was at the age of 13 when he appeared as Freddie Mercury in the 1989 music video for the Queen song "The Miracle". In 1993, he was featured in BBC children's television series The Return of the Borrowers.

In 2001, McCall acted in the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers. Years later, in 2005, Ross co-starred in the independent drama film Green Street (2005) and later reprised his role as Dave in the 2009 straight-to-video sequel Green Street 2: Stand Your Ground. He then played Kenny Battaglia in the television series Crash, on the Starz network.

In 2008, McCall co-starred in an After Dark Horrorfest film, Autopsy. On 23 February 2010, he appeared as a guest star on White Collar in the episode "Bottlenecked" as Matthew Keller, an old rival of lead character Neal. He reprised the role in Episode 14 of Season 2, Episodes 9-11 of Season 3 and Episodes 2-6 of Season 6. On 1 June 2010, he appeared as a guest star on Luther. Serving Up Richard, shot at the Sunset Gower studios in LA, was released in 2011. He also had a recurring role as Ron Clark on 24: Live Another Day.

In June 2016, McCall released a short documentary detailing his trip to the Faroe Islands, and his support of Sea Shepherd's campaign, 'Operation Sleppið Grindini'. In the documentary, he interviewed several locals about their views on the controversial traditional pilot whale drive hunt known as the 'Grindadrap'. He also interviews several Sea Shepherd volunteers stationed in the Islands monitoring the activities of the hunters.

Personal life
McCall and his brother were raised in the Roman Catholic faith.

McCall was engaged to American actress Jennifer Love Hewitt, with whom he guest starred in an episode of Ghost Whisperer. On 5 January 2009, People magazine reported that Hewitt called off their engagement in late 2008.

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
People from Port Glasgow
People educated at Redroofs Theatre School
20th-century Scottish male actors
21st-century Scottish male actors
Scottish male film actors
Scottish male television actors
Scottish expatriates in the United States
Scottish Roman Catholics


text:
Azerbaijani nationality law is regulated by the Constitution of Azerbaijan, as amended; the Citizenship Law of Azerbaijan and its revisions; and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, an Azerbaijani national. The legal means to acquire nationality, formal legal membership in a nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as citizenship. Nationality describes the relationship of an individual to the state under international law, whereas citizenship is the domestic relationship of an individual within the nation. Some countries use the terms nationality and citizenship as synonyms, despite their legal distinction and the fact that they are regulated by different governmental administrative bodies. Colloquially, as in most former Soviet states, citizenship is often used as a synonym for nationality, because nationality is associated with ethnicity. Azerbaijani nationality is typically obtained under the principle of jus sanguinis, i.e. by birth to parents with Azerbaijani nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country, or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalization.

Acquiring Azerbaijani nationality
Nationality in Azerbaijan is typically acquired by birth to an Azerbaijani or later in life through naturalization.

By birth
Until the 2014 amendment changed nationality requirements, jus soli, birth in Azerbaijan was the primary basis for acquiring nationality. A reversal of that policy was prompted by fears of the actions of neighboring post-Soviet spaces and challenges to Azerbaijani sovereignty. If both parents of a child born in Azerbaijan are foreigners or if one parent is a foreigner and the other is stateless or unknown, the child is not considered to be Azerbaijani. Those who can acquire nationality by birth include:

 Children born anywhere to at least one parent who is an Azerbaijani national; or
 Children born in Azerbaijan, if both parents are stateless.

By naturalization
Foreigners can apply for naturalization in Azerbaijan provided that they have continuously resided in the country, being absent no more than three months, for at least five years from the issuance of a permanent residency permit or confirmation of refugee status. General provisions are that applicants have a legal income, have sufficiency in the Azerbaijani language, and respect the laws of the country. Applications for naturalization must be submitted to the State Migration Service () in Baku. Documentation must be presented to confirm that the applicant meets the residency requirements, has paid any taxes due to the state, has a certificate from the Ministry of Education verifying language proficiency, and documents which confirm the current nationality. Minor children follow the nationality of their parents, thus if a parent naturalizes and the child is under fourteen years old, the child automatically becomes Azerbaijani as long as both parents agree, or in the case that one parent is stateless. Naturalization is not allowed if the person has participated in activities that could damage the state, its territory or security, or the health, morality, or public order of the country; if they have been accused of attempting to overthrow or change the systems of the state or social order; or if they have participated in terrorism or activities that would foment hostility on the basis of race, religion, or ethnic superiority. The President of Azerbaijan is the final authority on who is admitted as a national of the country. Those who are admitted as nationals must swear that they have no civic obligations outstanding to other states and take an oath of allegiance. Other persons who can acquire nationality by naturalization include:

 Foundlings or orphans whose parents are unknown, after an administrative process;
 Adoptees of Azerbaijani nationals upon completion of a legal adoption if requested;
 Children between the ages of fourteen and eighteen who consent to be naturalized at the time that their  parents are naturalized;
 Children who did not gain Azerbaijani nationality when their parent(s) nationality changed, through an administrative procedure;
 Persons who are current residents of Azerbaijan and who were nationals of Azerbaijan or the Azerbaijan SSR or who were born in the country prior to the 1998 Citizenship Act coming into force, but who did not gain nationality under the Act and have remained in the country;
 Refugees or forced migrants who entered the country between 1988 and 1992, through an administrative procedure;
 Persons with exceptional skill in the arts or culture, science, sport, or technology, whose contributions may be beneficial to the country may naturalize without meeting naturalization requirements; or
 Persons who the state deems to be of special interest or those who have rendered significant service to the nation may naturalize without meeting other requirements.

Loss of nationality
Azerbaijani are allowed to renounce their nationality, provided that comply with registration processes. The government may oppose if the applicant has outstanding civic obligations to the state, persons, or legal entities, or is involved in a criminal proceeding. Nationals can be denaturalized for obtaining other nationality; for serving in the government administration or armed services of a foreign country; for committing crimes against the state or state security; for actions related to religious extremism or terrorism including recruitment; or for fraud, misrepresentation, or concealment in acquiring nationality. Loss of nationality involves a legal proceeding in Azerbaijan, rather than being a process of the operation of law. Persons who have previously lost their Azerbaijani nationality may repatriate as long as they meet the requirements to naturalize.

Dual nationality
Azerbaijan does not recognize dual nationality and it can be grounds for criminal prosecution. Persons who acquire another nationality are required to notify the authorities within thirty days or risk denaturalization and/or payment of fines under the Criminal Code.

Visa requirements

In 2017, Azerbaijani citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 62 countries and territories, ranking the Azerbaijani passport 74th in the world according to the Visa Restrictions Index.

History
Humans have been present in the territory now known as Azerbaijan since Paleolithic times. From the ninth century BC semi-nomadic Scythian peoples began settling in the region and within a century, the Medes, an ancient Persian people, had conquered the southern part of what is Azerbaijan. For much of the history of the territory, was ruled by successive Persian Empires. The Median Empire was defeated in the region by Cyrus the Great in the sixth century BC and then in the fourth century BC by Alexander the Great, who called the area Caucasian Albania (or Albanoi)  and retained the Persian satraps as governors. In ancient Persia the king had absolute authority as the administrator of his subjects and armies, the giver of law, and the supreme judge of the empire. The centralized government of the empire was divided into satrapies, or provinces, for ease of management and taxation. Local satraps had no control over the military forces in their region to prevent them diluting the power of the ruler, but they managed the civilian administration over the areas for which they governed. Ethnic groups had legal autonomy to regulate their own internal conflicts. Rulers were responsible for security in the realm and management of the economy. In exchange for protection, Persian subjects paid taxes and owed loyalty to the king and his leadership. Marriage in the period was cum manu meaning the wife was legally incapacitated and under the control of her husband.

When Alexander's Macedonian Empire collapsed, Caucasian Albania became a vassal state of the Seleucid Empire in the second century BC. Between the fourth and third centuries BC the union of tribes throughout the Caucasus formed the Kingdom of Albania. Roman annexation of Albania occurred between the first and third centuries AD, but as Rome declined, Persia re-established vassalage over the kingdom, first through the Parthian Empire and then its successor, the Sasanian Empire. By the forth century, the Sasanians and Byzantine Empire, successor state to Rome, were in conflict which caused a gradual decline and the eventual collapse of the Sassanid empire in the last half of the seventh century. At that time, Arabs brought Islam to the area and annexed Arran, as they called the former territory of Caucasian Albania, to the Abbasid Caliphate. Arabic rule continued through the eleventh century. In the Islamic state, subjects were defined by religious allegiance and loyalty to a ruler was as a result of his membership in the confessional community and his religious position, meaning that religious and political principles and offices were inseparable. Leaders served as religious and administrative authorities, teaching doctrine and acting to settle disputes, maintain order, and provide economic benefits to their communities. In exchange, subjects were committed to the leader and the defense of Islam. Women were required to have a guardian, either their father, a relative, or the sultan, who gave her in marriage. After marriage, she was required to be obedient to her husband's authority over her.

From the ninth century, the Shirvanshah Kingdom became dominant in the northeastern region of the territory lasting through the sixteenth century. The Kingdom was strongly influenced by the Turko-Persian Seljuk Empire, which had invaded in the eleventh century from Central Asia and ended the dominance of Arab rule. The Mongol Empire invaded in the thirteenth century, subjugating the Shirvanshah Kingdom to the Il Khanate, when the Mongols divided their empire in 1256. The Il Khanate returned the region to Islamic practices but with predominant Persian cultural influences, which were retained by the Turko-Mongol Timurid Empire which was dominant between 1370 and 1405. Upon the collapse of the Timurids, two successive Turkic tribes ruled the area until it was returned to Persian dominance under the Safavid Empire in 1501. The Safavids were the predominant power in the area until 1722.

Persian, Ottoman, and Russian conflicts (18th–19th centuries)
From the beginning of the eighteenth century, conflict emerged between the Safavids and Ottoman Empire for control of the territory. These struggles weakened the Safavid Empire, which then came under attack by the Russian Empire. In 1722, Peter the Great led a campaign that established Russian dominance in the Northern Caucuses, including the northern part of Arran. Though the Persians retained control over the southern regions of Arran successive wars resulted in continuous loss of territory to the Russians and by 1828 all remaining Persian possessions in the Caucasus had been ceded to Russia. In Russia, persons residing in the territory of the empire were known as "poddanstvo" (subjects) and were under obligation of absolute subjection to the Tsar until 1917. Subjects were neither allowed to emigrate nor naturalize in a foreign state. The policy emphasized the collective nature of the community, which was jointly responsible to pay tax, provide labor, and share in the harvest to the landlord and state. Foreigners could not enter the country without the approval of the Tsar and were restricted to reside in specific areas and wear identifying clothing.

Groups which were prohibited from becoming Russian subjects included Dervishes, Jesuits, Jews, and married women, unless their spouse was Russian. Treaties and trade agreements defined the extraterritorial jurisdiction of foreigners residing in the nation and gave foreigners special privileges, like exemptions from paying taxes, the right to practice their religion, and freedom of movement. From 1721, the only requirement for naturalization of foreigners in the Russian Empire changed from conversion to Russian Orthodoxy to swearing an oath of allegiance to the Tsar. The following year a decree was issued which confirmed that sons born in Russia to foreigners in service to the Tsar were automatically subjects of Russia. Russian policy on territorial annexation up to 1860 was that all persons living in such a territory automatically were conferred Russian nationality, but the rights of citizenship of these groups varied based upon ethnicity, religion, and social status.

From 1864, naturalization required a five-year residency. Persons who were in service of the nation, who invested funds that benefited Russia, or who had unique ability or scientific knowledge could acquire nationality with a reduced residency period. Children born to foreigners in Russian territory could choose to acquire Russian nationality within one year of reaching majority, if they had been educated and grew up in Russia. Russian women who married foreigners were no longer Russian subjects and foreign women who married Russians automatically became Russian upon solemnization of a religious marriage. In 1879, Article 7 of the  which was signed at the end of the Russo-Turkish War, set a precedent for annexation thereafter, establishing that residents could choose which nationality they wished to have after annexation terms were agreed upon. Persons who failed to express a desire within the allotted time frame to retain their existing nationality would automatically become Russian. An update to the nationality statutes in 1899 provided that children born anywhere to Russian parents automatically became Russian.

War and independence (1905–1920)
While the 1905 Russian Revolution did not spark an independence movement among the peoples in Arran, it did mark the start of the rise of political activity and ethnic identification. Upon the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917, however, the provincial council declared the independence of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in 1918. The Republic was backed by the Ottoman Empire and Ottoman troops remained in the territory until World War I ended, when they were replaced in late 1918 by British forces. In August 1918, the Azerbaijans passed the Act on Subjecthood, which defined subjects as those who were maternally descended from an Azerbaijani. One year later, the country passed a Law on Citizenship, which bestowed blanket nationality upon any former Russian subject who had been born in Azerbaijan. The statute did not permit dual nationality.

Soviet Azerbaijan (1920–1991)
In April 1920, the Red Army backed by supporters in the Azerbaijani Communist Party invaded the country. Though the government attempted to form a union with Persia, it was unable to come to terms and in September signed a treaty with Russia granting Russia control over its economy, foreign affairs, and military. In 1922, the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic was joined with the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic and Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic to form the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, which lasted until 1936 and was then separated into its constituent states. In 1924, the Soviet Union created a unitary nationality for all inhabitants of the various socialist republics. It presumed that anyone residing within the territory prior to enactment of the statute was automatically a Soviet national, unless they were able to prove otherwise. Under its terms, a child born to at least one parent who was a national of one of the Soviet republics was automatically a national of that republic, as well as the federation. If the parents were residing abroad at the birth of the child, the parents could chose to have Soviet nationality or other nationality. Neither marriage nor naturalization of one party automatically impacted a spouse or children; however, if both parents changed their nationality or renounced Soviet nationality children under the age of fourteen followed the parental nationality.

Each Soviet republic was allowed to determine who was eligible for naturalization in their territory. Naturalization gave them Soviet nationality, but did not automatically grant the rights of citizenship other republics. Renunciation of nationality was allowed upon obtaining permission from the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union. Nationals could be denaturalized for obtaining dual nationality, leaving federation territory without permission, or by a court order as a punishment for crime. An amendment (Law 581) in 1925 provided that persons who had been granted amnesty for service in the White Army and prisoners of war who had served in the Tsarist or Red Army who were abroad and failed to register with the Soviet Federation were deprived of their nationality, but could apply to be reinstated through naturalization. The mass denaturalizations of Russian people living abroad resulted in approximately 1.5 million stateless persons who were unable to acquire nationality in their places of residence under restrictive policies implemented globally in the interwar years.

In 1930, a resolution was passed specifying that all people within Soviet territory who did not prove that they were nationals of a foreign state were to be recognized as Soviet. In 1938 a new Soviet Nationality Law was passed to conform with the provisions of the 1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union. Under its terms, the soviet republics no longer defined nationality within their borders. Instead, nationality was acquired under the specifications of the Soviet law. Soviet passports indicated with which republic a national was affiliated and change of permanent residence automatically changed the state affiliation. The 1938 nationality law did not specify that nationality was acquired at birth through a Soviet parent and made no provisions for foundlings, leaving the possibility open that a child could be born stateless. It affirmed that those who had previously acquired Soviet nationality by being subjects of the Russian Empire and those who acquired it under prior laws remained nationals unless they had previously been denaturalized. It specified that persons who were permanent residents in Soviet territory but were foreigners without proof of other nationality were considered to be stateless, a reversal of the previous policy that they were automatically assumed to be Soviet. As a consequence, their children would also be stateless, unless they were allowed to naturalize upon reaching majority. In 1939, a resolution was passed which confirmed that laws which had previously been enacted but which countered the 1938 provision for statelessness were no longer valid.

A 1944 change to the Family Code repealed the right of a woman to sue for the father's identity and nationality to be bestowed upon a child born out of wedlock. The 1944 decree effected all applicable codes, making acquisition of nationality for an illegitimate child derivative of its mother. The result of the statute was that if the mother was stateless or foreign, the child, even if its father was known was unable to be a Soviet national. A decree in 1945 modified the provision slightly, determining that if the parents married the child could be recognized by its father on an equal footing as children born within the marriage. The age of the child was immaterial and their nationality became automatic, as if from birth. In 1977, the Soviet Union adopted a new constitution, which contained nationality provisions in Chapter 6, reaffirming that persons of any of the constituent states of the Union were Soviet nationals. A new nationality statute was created in 1978, which incorporated all previous legislation for acquiring nationality. It expressly prohibited both dual nationality and extradition of a Soviet national to a foreign state. The final Soviet nationality statute was adopted in 1990 and went into effect on 1 January 1991. Under its terms, children acquired nationality by being born to parents who were Soviet nationals. It was primarily notable for codifying, rather than leaving the grounds for denaturalization up to the discretion of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. These included service to a foreign state or military, failure to register with a consulate while residing abroad, and falsifying information to obtain nationality. The law also changed the final authority on nationality decisions, moving the power to approve or deny from the Presidium to the president.

On 23 September 1989, the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic declared its sovereignty, meaning that Soviet legislation was subordinated to that of Azerbaijan. Subsequently, on 26 June 1990, the Azerbaijan SSR issued a Citizenship Act acknowledging that those who previously were Azerbaijani remained Azerbaijani. Children born anywhere to Azerbaijani nationals acquired nationality at birth. Children born in the territory or born abroad to at least one parent who was a permanent resident of Azerbaijan also automatically became nationals, as did children born in Azerbaijan whose parents were stateless or unknown. The law contained no requirements for naturalization other than the filing of an application and taking of an oath of allegiance, but specified that applications could be rejected by the President of Azerbaijan for various actions that might harm the country. Nationals could renounce their nationality, if the state agreed that it would not be against the interests of the country and could repatriate upon application. Denaturalization was based upon a decision by authorities that a national was serving in the military or government administration of a foreign nation, was permanently residing abroad for more than five years, had acted in a manner to damage state interest or security, or had acquired nationality through fraud.

On 2 September 1991, the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast declared its independence from the Soviet Union, though legally it was part of Azerbaijan which was followed 18 October by an independence declaration for Azerbaijan. Under the terms of the proposed constitution, adopted with the independence declaration and awaiting approval through a plebiscite, as of 1 January 1992, anyone who was a registered resident in Azerbaijan on that date was automatically conferred nationality. Persons who were of Azerbaijani descent, who were not residing in the country on the effective date were not granted nationality. Afterward, anyone born in the territory of Azerbaijan or to at least one Azerbaijani parent acquired Azerbaijani nationality, but dual nationality was barred. On 10 December a referendum confirmed that 99.89 percent of the voters in Nagorno-Karabakh favored independence. The Soviet Union officially ended on 26 December and the fifteen former Soviet republics became independent nations. Azerbaijan's referendum on independence was held three days later on 29 December, and approved by 95 percent of the voters.

Post-independence (1991–present)
In 1995, the new constitution was adopted. Nationality continued to be defined by birth in the territory or to an Azerbaijani, but removed the possibility that Azerbaijani could be deprived of their nationality. Specifically, Article 52 of the constitution stated that persons born in Azerbaijani territory acquired nationality. A new nationality act was passed in 1998, which provided that those who derived nationality based on residency in 1992 must have maintained a residency in Azerbaijan through the effective date of the 1998 statute. In other words, if they had left the country, arrived after 1 January 1992, or failed to maintain their residency registration, Azerbaijani nationals could lose their nationality, if they did not apply for nationality within one year of the effective date, 30 September 1999, of the law. Article 5 provided specifically that refugees who had arrived in the territory between 1 January 1988 to 1 January 1992 became automatic nationals. However, there were no provisions for persons living in the break-away state of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic to acquire Azerbaijani nationality. Equal weight was given to jus soli and jus sanguinis as a means to acquire nationality. Meaning children born anywhere to nationals of Azerbaijan (Article 11) and children born in Azerbaijan to stateless (Article 12) or unknown (Article 13) parents, acquired nationality at birth. Naturalization required a five year residency and fluency in the Azerbaijani language, but prohibited anyone from obtaining nationality if they would pose a threat to the health of the country, public order, or state security. Marriage had no effect on nationality, nor did dual nationality.

In 2008, an amendment to the naturalization procedure clarified that the five-year residency period had to be continuous from the date of issuance of the residency permit and that residency had to be both legal and permanent; that applicants had to have a legal income; and that they must comply with the legislation of the country. Those provisions could be waived for persons who had skills that could contribute to the nation, such as those who had exceptional ability in cultural performance, science, sport, or technology. On 30 May 2014, a major shift to descent in acquiring nationality from birth was introduced by an amendment to the nationality laws. Invasions of neighboring post-Soviet spaces and fear of challenges to Azerbaijani sovereignty, led to more restrictive provisions. Birth in the territory under the new law barred children from acquiring nationality if the parents were foreigners, or if one parent was a foreigner and the other was stateless. The change eliminated providing a birth certificate as adequate grounds for acquiring nationality. In addition, the amendment introduced conditions under which nationality could be lost for acquiring dual nationality without informing the state, for serving in a government or military of a foreign country, for committing actions which were construed to be harmful to the Azerbaijani state, or for acquiring nationality through fraud. These changes conflicted with the provisions of the constitution which granted unconditional jus soli and the inability of the state to deprive Azerbaijani of their nationality.

A procedural amendment of 2 July 2014, provided that conflicts in national legislation were to be resolved according to international legal standards and that the Azerbaijan Service and Assessment Network was tasked with providing the necessary certification for verifying parental affiliation to establish the nationality of a child born to Azerbaijani parents. Further changes to the nationality law were made on 30 December 2014, and included that persons fourteen and older who repatriated were required to take an oath of allegiance, as was anyone who naturalized. On 18 March 2015, the Cabinet of Azerbaijan, passed the "Rules for Establishment of the Citizenship of the Republic of Azerbaijan", to make provisions for the recognition of persons as Azerbaijani. It established an administrative procedure for certain persons to acquire nationality even if they lacked the necessary documents. It applied to persons who were nationals of Azerbaijan or the Azerbaijan SSR or who were born in the country prior to the 1998 Citizenship Act coming into force, but who did not gain nationality under the Act and had not left the country; children born in the country whose parent(s) had renounced Azerbaijani nationality before the child's majority; children who had not acquired Azerbaijani nationality when their parents naturalized; foreign or stateless children adopted by an Azerbaijani national; children born in the territory to unknown parents; or persons who were refugees (or forced migrants) and entered the country between 1988 and 1992. The Citizenship Act was amended again on 30 September 2015, which specified that nationality could be restored by the president under the provisions of the constitution and could be lost by a determination of the court. Other changes were made on 4 December 2015, providing that nationality could be lost for actions of religious extremism or terrorism.

In 2016, the constitution was amended after a plebiscite to remove Article 53 which did not allow the state to deprive Azerbaijani of their affiliation to the state, but it did not amend Article 52, the right to unconditional jus soli. On 24 June 2016 the nationality statute was amended to include confirmation of refugee status as a valid means for establishing when residency began. On 31 May 2017 a procedural amendment required that nationality documents conform to the stipulations of the Act on Document Duty. On 1 February 2018 an amendment to the Citizenship Act was introduced in an attempt to rectify the issue of persons who arrived in Azerbaijan after 1 January 1992 from other former Soviet republics and who had Soviet passports at that time. When these documents ceased to be recognized in 2005, those residents of Azerbaijan had no identification documents but were not officially recognized as stateless. The amendment of Article 14 allowed a court to evaluate the circumstances and establish statelessness to allow acquisition of nationality through naturalization. A change to the nationality statute, made on 1 October 2018, rearranged the provisions in Article 15, for persons who wished to restore their nationality. An amendment, made on 1 February 2019, required a national identity document to substantiate the nationality of minors under age fifteen or a certification from the Azerbaijan Service and Assessment Network and another on 1 May 2020, added a 30-day provision for notification of the authorities upon acquiring dual nationality to prevent loss of nationality.

See also

Azerbaijani passport
List of Azerbaijani generals
Migration policy of Azerbaijan
Visa policy of Azerbaijan

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links
 Texts of the Azerbaijani law on citizenship
Azerbaijani law on citizenship

Nationality law
Law of Azerbaijan


text:
Major-General Sir Randle Guy "Gerry" Feilden  (14 June 1904 – 27 October 1981) was a general officer in the British Army. During the Second World War he was the Deputy Quartermaster General (DQMG) of the 21st Army Group in the North-West Europe Campaign of 1944–45. After the war he became the Senior steward of the Jockey Club. He is commemorated by the annual Feilden Stakes at Newmarket Racecourse.

Biography
Randle Guy Feilden was born on 14 June 1904, the son of Major Percy Henry Guy Feilden, the son of Lieutenant General Joseph Feilden and his wife the Honorable Dorothy Louisa Brand, the daughter of Henry Brand, 2nd Viscount Hampden. He had a younger brother, Cecil Henry Feilden, and a younger sister, Dorothy Priscilla Feilden. He was educated at Eton and the University of Cambridge.

Feilden was commissioned into the Coldstream Guards in 1925 as a second lieutenant. He was nicknamed "Gerry" and was always referred to by this name. He was promoted to lieutenant on 14 December 1928. On 22 October 1929 he married Mary Joyce Ramsden, the daughter of Sir John Frescheville Ramsden, 6th Baronet. They had three children: Randle Joseph, Cecil Roderick and Andrew James Feilden. He was aide de camp to the general officer commanding the London District, Major General Bertram Sergison-Brooke, from 1 March 1934 to 1 October 1937, and as such participated in the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth on 12 May 1937. He was promoted to captain on 29 December 1936. After this appointment, he became adjutant of the 1st Battalion, Coldstream Guards.

In 1939, Feilden became a staff captain, and then brigade major, on the staff of the 7th Guards Brigade, part of Major General Bernard Montgomery's 3rd Division. Montgomery had him transferred to his 3rd Division headquarters (HQ) staff as Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General (DAQMG). After Montgomery assumed command of V Corps in July 1941, he brought Feilden onto his corps staff as Assistant Quartermaster General (AQMG). In 1941, Feilden became assistant adjutant and quartermaster general (AA&QMG) of the newly formed Guards Armoured Division. He was promoted to major on 14 December 1942. He then became Deputy Quartermaster General (DQMG) at Home Forces HQ. He was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 2 June 1943.

When the 21st Army Group was formed in 1943, Feilden joined its staff as DQMG (Maintenance and Army Equipment). Since he was well known to Montgomery, he survived the purge of the staff when Montgomery took over in December 1943. As the Major General Administration (MGA), Miles Graham, was usually with the Main 21st Army Group HQ, Feilden was normally the senior officer at the Rear 21st Army Group HQ. He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 28 September 1944, and was promoted to major general on 23 January 1945. A request from Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten for Feilden to be posted to Allied Land Forces South East Asia was declined by Montgomery, and Feilden remained with 21st Army Group.

For his services, Feilden was mentioned in despatches on 9 August and 8 November 1945, and was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 24 January 1946. He also received foreign awards, including being made an officer of the United States Legion of Merit on 13 March 1945, and a Grand Officer of the Netherlands Order of Orange Nassau with Swords on 14 May 1948. After the war, Feilden was Quartermaster General (QMG) of the British Army of the Rhine from 1945 to 1946, and then Vice QMG at the War Office from 1947 until his retirement from the Army in 1949.

In 1952, Feilden became a steward of the Jockey Club, and went on to become chief steward. He became a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in the 1953 Coronation Honours. As senior steward he was responsible for the introduction of starting stalls, and arranged for the Jockey Club to be given a royal charter in 1970 by Queen Elizabeth II, the first to be granted to any sporting body. He was chairman of the Turf Board from 1965 to 1967, and became High Sheriff of Oxfordshire in 1971, and a deputy lieutenant on 24 January 1975. He lived at Old Manor House, Minster Lovell, Oxfordshire, where he died on 27 October 1981. An annual horse race, the Feilden Stakes, was named in his memory in 1982.

References

Bibliography

External links
Generals of World War II

1904 births
1981 deaths
British Army major generals
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British Army generals of World War II
Coldstream Guards officers
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Deputy Lieutenants of Oxfordshire
Foreign recipients of the Legion of Merit
High Sheriffs of Oxfordshire
Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau
People educated at Eton College
Horse racing administrators


text:
Strzygowska Kolonia – kolonia w Polsce położona w województwie kujawsko-pomorskim, w powiecie włocławskim, w gminie Chodecz.

W latach 1975–1998 miejscowość należała administracyjnie do województwa włocławskiego.

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 TERYT

Chodecz (gmina)


text:
Bradford County is the name of two counties in the United States:

 Bradford County, Florida
 Bradford County, Pennsylvania


text:
Lincoln (Линкълн) е марка американски луксозни автомобили, произвеждани от Ford Motor Company. През 2011 г. обемът на продажбите от подразделението в САЩ възлиза на 85 643 автомобила. Автомобилите с тази марка се продават в САЩ, Канада, Мексико, страните от Близкия изток. През 2014 г. Lincoln започва да доставя автомобили на китайския пазарк.

Lincoln Motor Company е основана в 1917 г. в Детройт от Хенри М. Лиланд, който преди това основава и Cadillac. Първоначалното предназначение на Lincoln е производството на двигатели за авиацията. Компанията е кръстена на 16-ия президент на САЩ – Абрахам Линкълн. След Първата световна война Лиланд има идеята за производство на луксозни автомобили, но финансови затруднения го принуждават да продаде компанията, която е закупена през 1922 г. от Хенри Форд, който я прави клон на Ford Motor Company.

Lincoln има традицията и опита да създава коли за американските президенти. Първата такава кола е за Франклин Рузвелт през 1939 г. Следват Труман, Айзенхауър и Кенеди. Последният е смъртоносно ранен, пътувайки в Lincoln Continental convertible.

Източници

Форд


text:
Das Nayar-Tempelschwert ist ein Schwert aus Indien.

Beschreibung
Das Nayar-Tempelschwert hat eine gerade, am Ort gebogene, zweischneidige Klinge. Die Klinge wird vom Heft breiter und ist im vorderen Bereich sichelförmig gebogen. Der Ort ist abgerundet oder spitz gearbeitet. Auf der Klinge ist meist eine verzierte Zwinge aus Messing angebracht, die zur besseren Befestigung von Klinge und Heft dient. An der Klinge und am Heft sind oft Bohrungen angebracht die zur Befestigung von kleinen Glöckchen dienen. Bei den meisten Exemplaren sind diese Glöckchen nicht mehr erhalten. Das Heft besteht oft aus Metall und ist in der Art des Khanda oder anderer gebräuchlicher, indischer Heftformen gestaltet. Der Knauf ist scheibenförmig. Das Schwert wird fast ausschließlich für religiöse- oder zeremonielle Zwecke benutzt, obwohl es von der Machart her voll kampffähig ist. Das Nayar-Tempelschwert wird von der Kaste der Nayar in Indien benutzt.

Einzelnachweise

Literatur
 R. Shamms Mortier: Creating weaponry and accessories in 3D. Verlag Morgan Kaufmann, 2001, ISBN 0-12-508203-7, S. 187.
 Hamburgisches Museum für Völkerkunde und Vorgeschichte: Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Völkerkunde in Hamburg. Kommissionsverlag von Lucas Gräfe & Sillem, 1981, S. 128.
 Anthony Curtis: Lyle Official Antiques Review 2000. Verlag Penguin Group (USA), 1999, ISBN 0-399-52545-9, S. 76.

Weblinks

 Nayar Temple Sword bei Oriental Arms
 Nayar Temple Sword bei Oriental Arms
 Nayar Temple Sword bei Oriental Arms
 Nayar temple Sword bei Christies/London
 Nayar Temple sword bei Live Auctioneers

Schwert


text:
Terrapene ornata luteola (tortuga de caixa del desert) és una de les dues subespècies de Terrapene ornata. Es distribueix des de la regió del Trans-Pecos de Texas, Nou Mèxic, i el sud-est d'Arizona cap al sud a Sonora i Chihuahua a Mèxic, on viu en zones àrides i en praderies obertes. Es tracta d'una tortuga omnívora, s'alimenta de la vegetació nativa, d'insectes, i algunes vegades de carronya.

No té la quilla elevada de Terrapene carolina, i els colors són apagats pel seu camuflatge al desert. Els colors de les tortugues madures són més moderats que els colors dels joves. La majoria, però no totes, les tortugues mascles tenen l'iris de color vermell. Altres característiques dels mascles són els plastrons còncaus, la cua més gruixuda amb la claveguera més a prop de la punta, i les potes i la part posterior amb grans i corbades urpes a l'interior que s'utilitzen per subjectar la closca de la femella durant l'aparellament. Les tortugues del desert hivernen a l'hivern, sortint a l'abril per començar a buscar una parella. La posta es porta a terme del maig al juliol i produeix de dos a vuit ous i la incubació dura al voltant de setanta dies. Poden viure 25 anys o més.

Els mascles són sexualment madurs normalment als 8-9 anys, però en captivitat s'han conegut de tan sols 2 anys. Les femelles normalment requereixen 10-11 anys per a aconseguir la maduresa sexual. La seva època de reproducció dura entre el març i el maig, i els llocs de posta s'elegiran a partir del juny fins al juliol. Els mascles seran sexualment actius des del moment en què surten de la hibernació fins al setembre o a l'octubre. Els mascles solen barallar-se de forma agressiva amb altres mascles. Els ous triguen una mitjana de 70 dies a descloure's.

Bibliografia

 Desert Box Turtle. Terrapene ornata luteola. Pima County Species Fact Sheet. http://www.pima.gov/CMO/SDCP/species/fsheets/vuln/dbt.html

Enllaços externs

 Information from the Arizona Sonoran Desert Museum
 Closeup photo of four-year-old male Desert Box Turtle

Ornata Luteola


text:
Прости-Здорово-Ёль (Прости-Здорова-Ёль) — река в России, протекает в Республике Коми. Устье реки находится в 10 км по правому берегу реки Исакова. Длина реки составляет 15 км. Слева принимает приток Прощай-Здорово-Ёль. Устье находится в урочище Дозмер.

Данные водного реестра
По данным государственного водного реестра России относится к Двинско-Печорскому бассейновому округу, водохозяйственный участок реки — Печора от водомерного поста у посёлка Шердино до впадения реки Уса, речной подбассейн реки — бассейны притоков Печоры до впадения Усы. Речной бассейн реки — Печора.

По данным геоинформационной системы водохозяйственного районирования территории РФ, подготовленной Федеральным агентством водных ресурсов:
 Код водного объекта в государственном водном реестре — 03050100212103000064365
 Код по гидрологической изученности (ГИ) — 103006436
 Код бассейна — 03.05.01.002
 Номер тома по ГИ — 03
 Выпуск по ГИ — 0

Примечания

Притоки Исаковы
Реки района Печора


text:
12. Mistrzostwa Afryki w Lekkoatletyce – ogólnoafrykańskie zawody lekkoatletyczne, które zostały zorganizowane w lipcu 2000 roku w Algierze.

Rezultaty

Mężczyźni

Kobiety

Bibliografia

2000 w lekkoatletyce
2000
Lekkoatletyka w Algierii
2000 w Afryce
Sport w Algierze


text:
Kazimierz Tkaczuk pseud. "Sęp" (ur. ?, zm. 7 kwietnia 1950 koło Toczysk Podbornych) – żołnierz ZWZ-AK, podoficer Zrzeszenia Wolność i Niezawisłość, sierżant 6 Partyzanckiej Brygady Wileńskiej, żołnierz wyklęty.

Życiorys
Kazimierz Tkaczuk był z zawodu kowalem, był uczestnikiem kampanii wrześniowej 1939 roku. W czasie wojny był żołnierzem ZWZ i AK. Po wojnie pozostał w konspiracji. W 6 Wileńskiej Brygadzie (WiN) był żołnierzem w oddziale Józefa Małczuka "Brzaska".

Siódmego kwietnia 1950 roku, w wyniku donosu agenta UB Czesława Białowąsa "Małachowskiego", grupa operacyjna KBW w sile dwóch batalionów, okrążyła oddział "Brzaska" obozujący w lesie koło wsi Toczyski Podborne. Dziewięciu partyzantów początkowo wycofało się w głąb lasu, a po dwóch potyczkach z grupą szturmową KBW podjęło próbę przebicia. Poległ "Brzask" i sierż. Kazimierz Tkaczuk "Sęp", a nazajutrz żołnierze KBW odnaleźli rannego kolejnego partyzanta – Arkadiusza Pieniaka "Arkadka", który ostrzelał ich z pistoletu, a następnie popełnił samobójstwo. Reszta oddziału, dowodzona przez Adam Ratyńca "Lamparta" w nocy przedarła się przez okrążenie KBW.

Upamiętnienie
W Wysokiem Mazowieckim odsłonięto pomnik upamiętniający Kazimierza Kamieńskiego, oficerów i żołnierzy 6 Wileńskiej Brygady. Wśród poległych wymieniony jest również Kazimierz Tkaczuk.

Postanowieniem prezydenta RP Lecha Kaczyńskiego z 9 listopada 2007 roku "za wybitne zasługi dla niepodległości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej" Kazimierz Tkaczuk został pośmiertnie odznaczony Krzyżem Komandorskim Orderu Odrodzenia Polski, a przekazanie orderu rodzinie odbyło się 11 listopada tego samego roku w czasie uroczystości z okazji Narodowego Święta Niepodległości.

Życie rodzinne
Kazimierz Tkaczuk, gdy decydował się na przyłączenie do podziemia antykomunistycznego, był wdowcem, zostawił 2-letniego syna u rodziny.

Przypisy

Członkowie Związku Walki Zbrojnej
Odznaczeni Krzyżem Komandorskim Orderu Odrodzenia Polski (III Rzeczpospolita)
Uczestnicy kampanii wrześniowej (strona polska)
Urodzeni w XX wieku
Zmarli w 1950
Żołnierze 6 Wileńskiej Brygady (WiN)
Żołnierze Armii Krajowej
Żołnierze oddziałów podziemia antykomunistycznego polegli w walkach (1944–1956)


text:
Tricky Brains (), also known as The Ultimate Trickster, is a 1991 Hong Kong comedy film written and directed by Wong Jing, who also co-stars in the film. The film stars Andy Lau, Stephen Chow, Rosamund Kwan, Chingmy Yau, Ng Man-tat and Waise Lee.

Plot
Jing Koo or Koo Jing (Stephen Chow) is a self-proclaimed Trick Expert who has a wide range of tricks at his disposal, including many practical jokes and some more serious tricks which are even capable of driving a person insane. He uses such tricks to accomplish whatever requests his clients give him. When he is hired by Macky Kam (Waise Lee) to ruin the relationship between Che Man-kit (Andy Lau), an honest employee who works at the same company as Macky, and Lucy Ching (Rosamund Kwan), the company president's daughter whom Macky is romantically interested in, Jing sets up an act to get in the Che household as Kit's long lost younger brother Che Man-jing. Kit is suspicious of Jing at first, but is later convinced that Jing really is his brother and decides to treat him better. He gets Jing to work in the same company and introduces him to Lucy and her friend, Banana Fung (Chingmy Yau), who later on becomes interested in him.

From here Jing attempts to embarrass Kit in front of Lucy at every turn, which includes having Kit drink a cola can dosed with 'irresistible aphrodisiac', a medicine that makes the victim unable to control his sexual desires, but Kit cleverly avoids all of Jing's tricks (without suspecting him). It isn't until a contract-signing event which Kit is responsible for that Jing succeeds, in which he makes everyone from his company leave the room and assaults the other party. As a result, Kit is fired. Seeing this, his father Yan Che (Ng Man-tat) also quits the company despite his retirement only a few months away.

That night, Jing prepares to leave the house, but is given a surprise 'birthday' party by his 'brother' and 'father', which moved him deeply. When Macky contacts Jing and asks him to target Kit yet again, he flat out refuses. Banana overhears the conversation and seeks out the Trick Expert who is actually Jing's true identity. She insists that he target Macky to avenge Kit, and promises that she would marry him in return. Jing and Banana go to meet Kit and his father and tell them the truth. They are furious at first, but eventually accept Jing's help.

Jing takes Yan to his office to discuss plans, but they are confronted by a man who claims himself to be the Ultimate Trick Expert. He is hired by Macky to guard his party where he would propose to Lucy. Kit, Jing and Yan infiltrate the party and search for Lucy. They manage to have Kit propose to Lucy before Macky's men find and pursue them. Jing has an intense showdown with the Ultimate Trick Expert using tricks and comes out victorious by blowing him away with a paint bazooka. Meanwhile, Kit is seized and forced to drink a whole bottle of 'irresistible aphrodisiac', however the overdose causes him to become incredibly strong and muscular instead. He easily subdues Macky and his men, then proceeds to ask Lucy's father for permission to marry her, which he readily agrees.

As Jing and Yan happily watch the scene of Kit and Lucy kissing, Banana approaches Jing and reminds him of their promise. Jing takes Banana to his mother, who was waiting outside, but Yan recognises her as Man-yuk, a one-night stand of his many years ago. The last plot twist is revealed that Jing is, in fact Yan's son and Kit's brother, before the credits roll.

Cast

See also
The Tricky Master, another film directed by Wong Jing centering around trickery

References

External links
 Tricky Brains at chinesemov.com
 Tricky Brains at Hong Kong Cinemagic

1991 films
1990s Cantonese-language films
1991 comedy films
Hong Kong slapstick comedy films
Films directed by Wong Jing
Films set in Hong Kong
Films shot in Hong Kong
1990s Hong Kong films


text:
El Trio per a piano núm. 2 en sol major, Op. 1 núm. 2, de Ludwig van Beethoven, és un trio per a piano, violí i violoncel compost entre 1793 i 1795. Fou publicat l'octubre de 1795 per Artaria a Viena en el conjunt dels tres Trios Op. 1. Estan dedicats al príncep Karl von Lichnowsky, un dels primers mecenes del compositor a Viena i antic alumne de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

Presentació de l'obra
Més serè que el Trio núm. 1, el Trio núm. 2 presenta una introducció en adagio escrita a l'estil de Haydn. El tercer moviment, un scherzo, mostra una idea innovadora característica de Beethoven.

Consta de quatre moviments i la seva execució dura aproximadament 32 minuts:
 Adagio, en compàs 3/4 — Allegro vivace, en compàs 2/4, sol major (462 compassos)
 Largo con espressione, en compàs 6/8, mi major (124 compassos)
 Scherzo. Allegro, en compàs 3/4, sol major (130 compassos)
 Finale. Presto, en compàs 2/4, sol major (455 compassos)

Referències

02


text:
Вепрянка — река, левый приток реки Хмара. Длина 10 километров. Площадь водосбора 35 км². Начинается в нескольких километрах западней деревень Дмитриевка и Шаталово Починковского района Смоленской области. Протекает на северо-запад через заброшенные деревни Корогодово и Медведовка. Имеет притоки слева ручьи Прузенька и Средняя.

На карте к Плану Генерального Межевания Смоленской Губернии 1790 года считается, что Вепрянка впадает в Прузеньку, а не наоборот, как сейчас, причём Прузенька названа Митюлевкой.

В списке населённых мест Смоленской Губернии от 1868 года Вепрянка названа Неведомкой.

Название происходит от слова вепрь — свиной самец, кабан.

Примечания

Источники

Притоки Хмары
Реки Починковского района Смоленской области


text:
Lina Krhlikar, née le  à Ljubljana, est une handballeuse slovène.

Carrière sportive
Après avoir évolué dès l'âge de 18 ans dans le club de sa ville natale, elle a été engagée en 2011 par le Handball Cercle Nîmes puis la saison suivante au Cercle Dijon Bourgogne. En 2013, elle signe au club de HBC Celles-sur-Belle en N1. Elle rejoint ensuite le championnat d'Allemagne, où elle évolue actuellement au sein du .

Lina Krhlikar fait partie de l'équipe de Slovénie.

Clubs
  RK Krim Mercator Ljubljana : avant 2008
  RK Celeia Zalec : 2008-2009
  Rocasa Ace Gran Canaria : 2009-2011
  Handball Cercle Nîmes : 2011-2012
  Cercle Dijon Bourgogne : 2012-2013
  HBC Celles-sur-Belle : 2013-2014
   : 2014-2015
   : depuis 2015

Palmarès

Sélection nationale

Liens externes

Notes et références

Handballeuse internationale slovène
Naissance en juin 1989
Joueuse du RK Krim
Joueuse du HBC Nîmes
Joueuse de la Jeanne d'Arc Dijon Handball
Joueuse du HBC Celles-sur-Belle