text:
De Piratenpartij Duitsland (Duits: Piratenpartei Deutschland) (kortweg Piraten) is een Duitse politieke partij die op 10 september 2006 werd opgericht, gebaseerd op het model van de Zweedse Piratpartiet. De partij is onderdeel van de internationale beweging van piratenpartijen en is tevens lid van de Pirate Parties International. Sinds 2011 is de partij erin geslaagd zetels te verkrijgen in vier Duitse deelstaatparlementen (Berlijn, Saarland, Sleeswijk-Holstein en Noordrijn-Westfalen). In 2014 werd er een zetel gewonnen voor het Europees Parlement.

De vroegere federale voorzitter Sebastian Nerz ziet de partij als een sociaal-liberale partij voor fundamentele rechten, die meer politieke transparantie wil.

Partijprogramma
De partij is voorstander van het burgerlijk recht op informatieprivacy en van hervormingen van het auteursrecht, het onderwijs, genetische octrooien en drugsbeleid.

De partij verzet zich tegen de ontmanteling van burgerrechten in telefonie en op Internet, in het bijzonder het Europese beleid van het gegevensopslag en de Duitse censuurwet met betrekking tot internet genaamd Zugangserschwerungsgesetz. Tevens verzet de partij zich tegen kunstmatige monopolies en diverse maatregelen van toezicht op burgers.

Zij probeert in het bijzonder een verbeterde transparantie van de overheid te bevorderen door open bronbestuur uit te voeren en in API's te voorzien om elektronische inspectie en controle van overheidsverrichtingen door de burger toe te staan.

Geschiedenis

De partij werd opgericht op 10 september 2006. De partijleider is Sebastian Nerz sinds 14 mei 2011. Vorige leiders waren Dirk Hillbrecht, Christof Leng, en Jens Seipenbusch.

In februari 2009 werd de woordvoerder van Hohenstein en wethouder in Strausberg Jens Knoblich lid van de partij. In juni 2009 verliet het Bondsdaglid Jörg Tauss de SPD om zich aan te sluiten bij de Piratenpartij nadat de Zugangserschwerungsgesetz was goedgekeurd. Hij verliet de partij echter in 2010 toen hij werd veroordeeld voor het bezit van kinderporno. In augustus 2009 werd Herbert Rusche, een van de oprichters van de Duitse Groene Partij en het eerste openlijk homoseksuele lid van het parlement in Duitsland, lid van de Piratenpartij. In april 2012 had de partij meer dan 24.000 leden.

Verkiezingsresultaten

Duitse federale verkiezingen van 2009
Op 27 september 2009 kreeg de piratenpartij 2,0% (845.904 stemmen) van de stemmen in de Duitse federale verkiezingen van 2009, waardoor de partij geen zetels behaalde in de Bondsdag. Dit was echter het beste resultaat onder de partijen die niet de kiesdrempel van 5% haalden. Onder de mannelijke kiezers die voor de eerste keer gingen stemmen haalde de partij 13%.

Op grond van de verkiezingsuitslag in 2009 voldoet de partij aan de voorwaarden voor het ontvangen van de overheidssubsidie. Voor 2009 kreeg de partij €31.504,68, een bedrag dat gelijk is aan dat van de particuliere bijdragen. De berekening is gemaakt op basis van de totale ontvangst van de partij in 2008 (de bovengrens van overheidssubsidie voor een partij is €840.554,5).

Europese Parlementsverkiezingen
De partij kreeg 229.117 stemmen bij de Europese Parlementsverkiezingen van 2009, 0,9% van de stemmen, maar niet genoeg voor de kiesdrempel van 5%. Tijdens de Europese Parlementsverkiezingen van 2014 kreeg de partij 1.4% van de stemmen. De kiesdrempel voor Europese verkiezingen gold vanaf dat jaar niet meer, en Julia Reda won hierdoor een zetel in het Europees Parlement.

Duitse deelstaatverkiezingen en gemeentelijke verkiezingen

Op 30 augustus 2009 kreeg de piratenpartij 1,9% van de stemmen in de Saksische deelstaatverkiezingen van 2009. Op dezelfde dag kreeg de partij een zetel in elke gemeente in de lokale verkiezingen van Münster en Aken, hoewel de kandidaten van de partij slechts in enkele kiesdistricten van beide steden meededen.

De steun voor de piratenpartij varieert tussen de verschillende deelstaten. Bij de deelstaatverkiezingen van 2009 kreeg de partij in Sleeswijk-Holstein 1,8% van de stemmen, in Noordrijn-Westfalen kreeg ze in datzelfde jaar 1,5% van de stemmen, maar in de deelstaat Hessen werd slechts 0,5% van de stemmen behaald. De partij nam niet deel aan de deelstaatverkiezingen van 2009 in Brandenburg en Saarland.

De partij kreeg 2,1% van de stemmen in de Hamburgse deelstaatverkiezingen van 2011, niet genoeg om zetels in het staatsparlement te krijgen. In de Baden-Württembergse deelstaatverkiezingen van 2011 had de partij hetzelfde resultaat. In de deelstaatverkiezingen te Saksen-Anhalt ontving ze in 2011 1,4%, in Rijnland-Palts 1,6% van de stemmen.

In de Berlijnse deelstaatverkiezingen van 2011, met 8,9% van de stemmen, zijn de piraten er in voor de eerste keer in geslaagd om de 5%-drempel te halen en zetels (15 van de 141 zetels in het Abgeordnetenhaus) in een Duits deelstaatparlement te winnen. Dit kwam als een verrassing: de partij had maar 15 kandidaten op de kieslijst. In maart 2012 kregen de piraten 7,4% van de stemmen en daarmee 4 zetels in de Landdag van Saarland, op 6 mei 2012 werden 6 zetels behaald in de Landdag van Sleeswijk-Holstein en op 13 mei 2012 20 van de 235 zetels in de Landdag van Noordrijn-Westfalen

In de peilingen van 2012 was een sterke groei van de partij te zien, de partij stond herhaaldelijk op 11% tot 13% in de peilingen, waardoor ze hoger stond dan de FDP en Die Linke, en af en toe ook dan de Groenen.

Duitse politieke partij
Piratenpartij (Duitsland)


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Robert "Councillor" Carter III (February 28, 1728 – March 10, 1804) was a lawyer and planter from the Northern Neck of Virginia, in what became the United States. For two decades he sat on the Colonial Virginia Governor's Council. After the American Revolutionary War, and influenced by his Baptist faith, Carter began what became the largest manumission and release of enslaved African Americans in North America in the 74 years prior to the American Civil War. By a deed of gift filed with Northumberland County on September 5, 1791, and related documents filed in Westmoreland County in subsequent years, Carter began manumitting 500 slaves from his plantations in his lifetime. He also settled many of them on land he gave them.

Early life and education
Carter was born into one of the First Families of Virginia, as a grandson of Virginia land baron Robert "King" Carter of Corotoman. In 1732, both his father and grandfather died within four months of each other, leaving the young boy in the care of his uncles Charles and Landon Carter, as well as his mother. In 1735, she remarried to John Lewis of Warner Hall in Gloucester County.

Although his uncles had been sent to England for their education, young Robert was sent to the College of William and Mary, beginning with preparatory classes since he was only nine years old. In 1749 he reached legal age and received his inheritance.
After crossing the Atlantic Ocean to Liverpool with Lawrence Washington, Carter traveled to London, where he and Philip Ludwell Lee started legal studies at the Inner Temple.

Family life

In 1754, Carter married Frances Ann Tasker, daughter of former Maryland governor Benjamin Tasker. They ultimately had seventeen children, of whom eight daughters and four sons reached adulthood. The successful marriage seemed to settle Carter, who began to pay attention to his vast landholdings, as well as politics.

Early career

Carter returned to Virginia in 1751 where he was admitted to the bar. He took up residence at Nomony Hall. This was his preferred spelling for his inherited plantation on the Northern Neck. Nominy or Nomini are more commonly used today, as in the highway marker noting the plantation site.  He also became a local justice of the peace for Westmoreland County in 1752; the county justices of that era also jointly administering the county. However, Carter was unsuccessful in at least two campaigns to become one of the county's two (part-time) representatives in the House of Burgesses.

In 1758, using his in-laws' connections with the Board of Trade, Carter secured an appointment by King George II to the Virginia Governor's Council.  When George III succeeded his grandfather in 1760, Carter was reappointed to the post, which served as the colony's appellate court as well as advised on executive matters. Carter purchased a house in Williamsburg from his cousin Robert Carter Nicholas Sr. and moved his growing family there in 1761. Carter also began reading voraciously, as well as socializing with the city's top intellectuals, including Governor Fauquier, George Wythe, William Small, John Blair and young Thomas Jefferson a classmate of Carter's.

Patriotism

At first loyal to his King, Carter expressed support for the Crown during the period of popular rejoicing that accompanied news of George III's repeal of the Stamp Act, but Parliament passed additional laws obnoxious to colonial interests, and by 1772 the new Governor Dunmore exacerbated tensions. That year, Carter moved his ailing family (having lost three young daughters to unknown illnesses within 11 months) back to Nomony Hall on the Northern Neck, announcing his retirement from public life. Carter never appeared in the Governor's Council minutes (other than as present) after it voted to allow slaveholders or local authorities to punish slaves without due process. Moreover, rather than educate his sons at the College of William and Mary, Carter hired Philip Fithian as tutor.

Carter concentrated his efforts on trade, including ironworks, a textile factory, and a flour mill, in addition to draining swamps around Nomony and diversifying crops at all his plantations. Although publicly neutral, Carter honored the continental boycott declared in 1774, and in 1775 joined Richard Corbin in expressing the council's concern about rumors of British marines being stationed at Williamsburg. Carter declined to give the loyalty assurances Dunmore required, and Dunmore dissolved the council in 1776. The following summer, Carter gave a loyalty oath to the new Commonwealth of Virginia. Although Carter declined political offices mentioned by Patriot friends, he began supplying provisions and bayonets to the American cause in the Revolution, so British ships raided his plantations near the Potomac river.

Slaveholding and spiritual seeking

Although his great-grandfather John Carter had freed slaves in his will (as well as provided homesteads and livestock for them), the colony of Virginia made individual manumission illegal in the year Carter's father and grandfather died. It was not authorized again until 1783. King Carter had greatly expanded the institution of slavery in Virginia, by purchasing many from ships to work on his plantations. He owned more than a thousand slaves upon his death. King Carter gave his grandson Robert III his first slave (a girl) when the infant was three months old. By the time he came of legal age in 1749, Robert Carter III owned  of land and 100 slaves.

Although Carter sold land and some slaves to pay his debts in 1758, he did not purchase more slaves (unlike George Washington and other neighbors). He became known among his neighbors for his humane treatment of the enslaved workers in this region. Carter rarely whipped slaves, or allowed them to be whipped, let alone scarred them, although he whipped his own children, particularly his eldest son Robert Bladen. Carter's plantations had roughly double the rate of slave population increase as others in the state. Carter was particularly moved by the example of Governor Fauquier, who in his will allowed his slaves to choose their masters.

When Carter became a co-administrator of his father-in-law's estate, he (with the support of Daniel Dulany) delayed scheduling a sale of the slaves of Bel-Air plantation, since that would break up families. But his delays led to more than 18 years of litigation with his Tasker in-laws.

Conversion

Carter became known for his religious freethinking and support of Dissenters even before the Revolution. He resigned from the Cople Parish Church vestry in 1776. During the following year he had a mystical experience while feverish from a smallpox inoculation. This prompted further spiritual seeking, from composing his own prayer for God to "have pity upon all Jews, Turks, Infidels & Hereticks", to making trips to attend services and hear from Quaker, Methodist, Presbyterian and Baptist preachers (all classified as dissenters), and investigating Arminianism and perhaps Catholicism (although these pursuits were illegal in Virginia at the time, where the Anglican Church was the state established church).  On September 6, 1778, the Rev. Lewis Lunsford baptised Carter by immersion in Totuskey Creek. Carter scandalized neighbors further by joining Morattico Baptist Church, which had a mixed congregation of white and black, free and slave. In this period, most elite planters still belonged to the Anglican Church. Carter knew he risked persecution, for Eleazar Clay, another wealthy man, had his life threatened after such conversion. During the three weeks preceding his own baptism, Carter attended two different services that were attacked by armed mobs that included Revolutionary War veterans. His wife Frances Ann Tasker Carter, who was declared an invalid in October 1779 after the birth of their 16th child, moved to Bladensburg, Maryland for health reasons. She converted to the Baptist faith there a year before her death in 1787.

Meanwhile, Carter became a prominent Baptist, serving on its General Association, financing the foundation of several churches in the Northern Neck, and corresponding with eminent ministers. The noted Methodist missionary and anti-slavery activist Francis Asbury also lodged at Nomony Hall at least twice after Carter's Baptist conversion.

Carter believed human slavery immoral, and tried to pass his beliefs to his children. However, his eldest son, Robert Bladen (although an admirer of the poet Phyllis Wheatley), at least twice sold young female slaves against his father's wishes. He also gambled and incurred such large debts that when Robert Bladen fled to England in 1783, his father was compelled to liquidate not only lands, but also slaves and thus break up families, in order to pay off his son's debts. In 1785 his son-in-law John Peck sold slaves whom Carter had given to his daughter Anne Tasker Carter as a dowry before the couple married and moved northward. Carter gave his remaining daughters dowries that did not include human property.

In February 1786, Carter decided to send his youngest sons George and John Tasker Carter to the new Baptist university in Rhode Island (what is now Brown University). He wrote to its minister president James Manning:
I beg leave to appoint you their Foster Father intimating that my desire is that both my Said Sons shd. be active Characters in Life ... The prevailing Notion now is to Continue the most abject State of Slavery in this [Virginia] Common-Wealth – On this Consideration only, I do not intend that these my two Sons shall return to this State till each of them arrive to the Age of 21 years.

In November 1788, Carter sent three daughters to live with Baptist friends in Baltimore, instructing their hosts "Girls are not to act by a Maid, but by themselves." But he also sent a slave as barter for their room and board.

During the 1780s, some Baptists began to segregate their meetings. After the Baptist Ketocton Association of churches passed a motion that hereditary slavery was "contrary to the word of God," and Morattico Baptist Church changed its rule to allow only free male members to vote on church issues, tumult rocked the General Committee. Carter's wife had died and the grieving widower responded to the changes by drafting a charter for Yeocomico Church that required egalitarian voting. He left Morattico for the splinter congregation, signing its charter below the signatures of several slaves. Carter unsuccessfully ran for a position in the Virginia Ratification Convention. While struggling with several bouts of illness, he was cared for by his daughter Sarah Fairfax Carter. He postponed her proposed marriage to Richard Bland Lee, perhaps because of the suitor's pro-slavery ideas.

Carter continued to host spiritual seekers, including a "Mr. Moyce," who in January 1788 introduced him to the writings of Emanuel Swedenborg, a Scandinavian aristocrat, scientist and mystic who had developed followers in London. Carter began to request copies of his writings from business correspondents. In December 1789, Carter believed he "died", perhaps another religious experience tinged by illness. In 1790, Carter wrote British Baptist elder John Rippon, "the toleration of slavery indicates very great depravity of mind." He also criticized ministers who offered universal redemption, but only "partial Election before Creation". In the nineteenth century, as some Virginia Baptist churches became more accommodating of slavery, it began to grow in the number of members. In 1790 it claimed 20,000 members in Virginia; a decade later, well after the disestablishment of the Anglican Church, it had become Virginia's second largest sect.

Manumission

In the years after the Revolutionary War, Virginia's legislature (having barred the slave trade in 1778) passed several laws sympathetic to freeing slaves, although it did not pass a law legalizing manumission until 1782, and throttled many petitions for wider emancipation. Numerous slaveholders in the Chesapeake Bay area freed their slaves, often in their wills (like Quaker John Pleasants) or deeds, and noted principles of equality and Revolutionary ideals as reason for their decisions. The number of free African Americans increased in the Upper South from less than one percent before the Revolution, to 10 percent by 1810. In Delaware, three-fourths of the slaves had been freed by 1810. In the decade after the act's passage, Virginians had freed 10,000 slaves, without visible social disruptions. The price of slaves reached a 20-year low as the percentage listed as "black, tithable" (i.e. slaves) fell below 40%, the lowest point in the century. However, Virginia's courts sidestepped issuing appellate decisions ratifying emancipation until 1799, and the methodology of within-life emancipation was not established.

Carter hoped Virginia's legislature would pass a gradual emancipation plan, as did New York and New Jersey. His neighbor Ferdinando Fairfax published one such plan in a Philadelphia-based journal, and Quaker Warner Mifflin presented petitions to Congress to do the same, but James Madison buried the proposals in committee.  In early 1791, Carter refused to rent a plantation to Charles Mynn Thruston, a Revolutionary veteran and Anglican minister, with whose racial views he disagreed. His Baptist friend John Leland left Virginia after a final anti-slavery sermon, which Carter copied in full into his journal.

Carter nonetheless began a personal program of gradual manumission of slaves on his many plantations. He announced his plan on August 1, 1791, and began a new legal process by recording a Deed of Gift in Northumberland County on September 5, 1791. Since the manumission law required a five shilling fee, and Carter had plantations and slaves in several Virginia counties, he corresponded with the Westmoreland County clerk (where he resided) and followed up by filing manumission papers at the Westmoreland County court sessions the following February, May, July and August. His actions were resisted by his son-in-law John Peck, and various overseers and white tenants of his estates. Carter designed the gradual program to reduce the opposition of slave-owning white neighbors, but he failed to gain their support. He refused tenants' requests to relocate slave breeding women in order to circumvent the Deed of Gift. That winter Carter was shunned, although he sought help from fellow slavery opponents, including George Mason (who declined to help and cited his own age and infirmity). By the filings of February 27, 1793, Carter was ahead of his own planned schedule. Moreover, he refused to relocate freed blacks, and began offering them wages to work for him. He also offered some grants and tenancies, sometimes dispossessing obstreperous white tenants. Carter began investigating relocating to the District of Columbia. He leased Nomony plantation and its servants to his son J.T. on April 26, 1793 (expressly conditional to the Deed of Gift).

Then, before the next Westmoreland court session, perhaps victimized by mob action such as tar-and-feathers, Carter and his daughters fled by ship with Negro George and Negro Betty to Baltimore (on May 8, 1793). He never returned, despite numerous entreaties from family and friends. The meetinghouse used by the Yeocomico Baptist Church burned down six months after Carter left; Carter saved an unsigned complaining letter (which he believed from Thruston) that compared the Deed of Gift to fire destroying neighbors' houses.

Later life and death

Upon reaching Baltimore, Carter was told that his son Robert Bladen Carter had died in London, nine days after being assaulted by a city sheriff trying to collect gambling debts. Carter joined the congregation of James Jones Wilmer, an Episcopal priest receptive to Swedenborg's views, bought a small house on Green Street, and began attending many religious meetings. Before leaving Nomony Hall, Carter locked his books and papers in the library, and gave the only key not to his son J.T., but to a wandering Baptist preacher named Benjamin Dawson. Dawson proved a corrupt debt collector, but a diligent abolitionist, duly securing legal papers from Carter in Baltimore and filing them in Westmoreland  and other counties to free slaves. Carter made provision for his relatives, allocating them land, but not the slaves who were the subject of the Deed of Gift. On July 26, 1797, upon learning from Dawson that attorney John Wickham doubted the legal validity of the power of attorney which allowed Dawson to file further manumission papers, Carter executed an agreement selling Dawson his remaining slaves for the nominal sum of a dollar. Dawson duly filed this with the Westmoreland clerk, despite suffering a beating by Carter's son-in-law Spencer Ball.

Carter spent the last decade of his life issuing manumission papers pursuant to his recorded program, writing letters in support of freed slaves whose papers had been stolen, and contemplating religious and political issues. Carter lent money to Baltimore to build its city hall, negotiated with the Bank of the United States, and donated money to refugees from Saint Domingue, who fled the Haitian Revolution. Carter thought he had lived too long—mourning his daughter Anne's death in childbirth in 1798, and the deaths of Rev. Lunsford and his son-in-law John Maund in Caroline County, Virginia the following year. In 1803, the year before his death, Carter wrote his daughter Harriet L. Maund, "My plans and advice have never been pleasing to the world."

Citizen Robert Carter (as he preferred to be called) died in his sleep, unexpectedly, on March 10, 1804. His son and executor, George, brought the body back to Nomony and buried his father in the garden. The same day that George announced his father's death, he bought slaves for Nomony, in order to replace those his father had freed over his objection.

On April 3, 1805, Rev. Thruston, acting as judge of Frederick County, Virginia, refused to allow Dawson to record the scheduled deed for emancipation for that year, perhaps because of George Carter's objection. But on March 24, 1808, the Virginia Court of Appeals upheld Dawson's objection, declared the county court had erred, and authorized liberation of the slaves illegally held in bondage. Dawson continued to free sons and daughters born to Carter's slaves after 1791, as did Thomas Buck and John Rust after 1826.

See also

 Robert Carter I
 Carter's Grove
 Slavery in the United States
 George Wythe

References

Works cited

 Baptists in America in A General History of the Baptist Denomination in America, and Other Parts of the World.

External links
 Robert Carter III at Encyclopedia Virginia
  Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice
 Nomini Hall Slave Legacy Project:Chronicling the Descendants of the Slaves freed by Robert Carter III at Nomini Hall
 Guide to the Robert Carter letter books and day books, 1771-1804 and undated, Duke University
 McLaughlin, Eliott C., "Like Washington and Jefferson, he championed liberty. Unlike the founders, he freed his slaves", CNN.com, September 5, 2021.

1728 births
1804 deaths
American people of English descent
American planters
American Swedenborgians
Robert III
College of William & Mary alumni
Politicians from Baltimore
People from Westmoreland County, Virginia
People of Virginia in the American Revolution
Virginia Governor's Council members
Year of birth uncertain
History of slavery in Virginia
American slave owners
Tasker family

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Henry Edmund Olufemi Adefope (Kaduna, 15 de marzo de 1926-11 de marzo de 2012) fue un general nigeriano que ocupó la cartera de Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores y miembro de Comité Olímpico Internacional de 1985 a 2006 y miembro honorario del Comité Olímpico Internacional desde 2007.

Biografía
Henry Adefope era hijo de Alice Adefope y Chief Adefope. Estudió en la CMS Grammar School de Lagos y la Universidad de Glasgow, licenciándose en medicina en 1952. Trabajó como doctor de 1953 a 1963 y fue luego comisionado en el ejército nigeriano en 1963. Alcanzó el rango de General y ocupó el cargo de Director de Servicios Médicos. De 1975 a 1978, ocupó la cartera de Ministro de Trabajo y de 1978 a 1979 como Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores, ambos en el gabinete de la administración militar del general Olusegun Obasanjo.

Adefope ocupó cargos en diferentes administraciones de deportes, incluidos el de Presidente Comité Olímpico de Nigeria de 1967 A 1976 y como vicepresidente de la Federación de los Juegos de la Commonwealth de 1974 a 1982. En 1985 fue elegido como miembro del Comité Olímpico Internacional. Mientras estuvo con el COI, ha sido miembro de las comisiones que seleccionaron las ciudades anfitrionas de 2000 y 2004. Fue investigado aunque exhonerado en el en el escándalo de apuestas de los Juegos de Invierno de 2002. He became an IOC Honorary Member in 2006.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 IOC member profile

Diplomáticos de Nigeria
Ministros de Nigeria
Militares de Nigeria
Embajadores de Nigeria
Alumnado de la Universidad de Glasgow
Miembros del Comité Olímpico Internacional
Médicos de Nigeria


text:
Tado Jurić (Orašje, 27. srpnja 1979.) profesor je demografije, političkih znanosti i povijesti na Hrvatskom katoličkom sveučilištu i vanjski suradnik Fakulteta Hrvatskih studija na odsjeku Hrvatskog iseljeništva i demografije. Autor je više monografija iz područja demografije i politologije.

Obrazovanje i profesionalna karijera
Tado Jurić doktorirao je 2012. godine na Sveučilištu Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg i Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München političke znanosti disertacijom: "Bosnien und Herzegowina, Serbien und Kroatien auf dem Weg zur EU-Mitgliedschaft" [Bosna i Hercegovina, Srbija i Hrvatska na putu u punopravno članstvo u EU – komparativna analiza razvoja državnosti i procesa europeizacije"]
(mentori: prof. dr. Heiner Bielefeldt, UN-ov povjerenik za ljudska prava i prof.dr. Marie- Janine Calic, dekanica Historicum LMU München).

Diplomirao je 2003. godine Njemački jezik i književnost i Povijest na Filozofskom fakultetu u Osijeku, Sveučilište J. J. Strossmayera. Poslijediplomski studij Advanced Master of European Studies, Regionalna suradnja i integriranje u Europsku Uniju, završio je 2008. godine na Sveučilištu J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku i Sveučilištu u Karlsruheu.

Prvi i drugi državni ispit za nastavu u državnim školama u Bavarskoj, SR Njemačka, II. stupanj (srednja škola) za predmete njemački jezik i književnost i povijest položio je Münchenu 2015./2016.

Objavio je prvo empirijsko istraživanje o suvremenom hrvatskom iseljeništvu 2017. godine te preko 40 znanstvenih radova na njemačkom, engleskom i hrvatskom jeziku te se usavršavao u SR Njemačkoj i SAD-u.

Kao regionalni stručnjak citiran je u brojnim europskim, i hrvatskim i regionalnim medijima: The Guardian, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Deutsche Welle , Le Monde, Kleine Zeitung, DPA, Globus, Večernji list, Jutarnji list, HRT.

Radio je u Bavarskoj od 2009. do 2013 kao koordinator hrvatske nastave u inozemstvu. Od 2015. profesor je demografije, političkih znanosti i povijesti na Hrvatskom katoličkom sveučilištu i vanjski suradnik Fakulteta Hrvatskih studija na odsjeku Hrvatskog iseljeništva i demografije. 2021. godine izabran je u višeg znanstvenog suradnika u interdisciplinarnom polju društvene znanosti/humanističke znanosti: Politologija/Povijest.

Područja znanstvenog rada su mu Digital Demography, Digital Humanities, Big Data, migracije iz Hrvatske i Jugoistočne Europe.

Znanstvena karijera
Na Filozofskom fakultetu u Osijeku izabran je 2014. za znanstvenog novaka – asistenta.

Na Hrvatskom katoličkom sveučilištu izabran je 2016. u znanstveno-nastavno zvanje docenta, nakon što je od strane Nacionalnog vijeća za znanost, visoko obrazovanje i tehnološki razvoj izabran u znanstveno zvanje znanstveni suradnik u interdisciplinarnom području znanosti (društvene i humanističke znanosti).

2021. Nacionalno vijeće za znanost, visoko obrazovanje i tehnološki razvoj izabralo ga je u znanstveno zvanje viši znanstveni suradnik u interdisciplinarnom području znanosti (društvene i humanističke znanosti).

Voditelj je znanstvenog projekta "Analiza uzroka, motiva i karakteristika iseljavanja hrvatskih obitelji u Njemačku", Hrvatsko katoličko sveučilište (2018. – 2022.) te je vodio još dva istraživačka projekta stranih zaklada: Konrad-Adenauer-Zaklada Njemačka: "Praćenje migracija pristupima digitalne demografije" (2019.-2021.) te "Komparacija iseljeničkih valova: gastarbajterske i suvremene migracije" (2020.-2021.).

Bio je gostujući profesor tijekom 2021. na kolegiju Digital Humanities na Sveučilištu u Grazu Karl-Franzens-Universität.

Član je Internacionalne akademije nauka i umjetnosti BiH.

Djela

Knjige
 Jurić, Tado. Gastarbeiter Millennials. Exploring the past, present and future of migration from Southeast Europe to Germany and Austria with approaches to classical, historical and digital demography. Verlag Dr. Kovač. Hamburg. 2021. ISBN 978-3-339-12208-7
 Jurić, Tado. Iseljavanje Hrvata u Njemačku. Gubimo li Hrvatsku? (Emigration of Croats to Germany. Are we losing Croatia?) ŠK, Zagreb 2018. ISBN:  978-953-0-60041-6
 Luković, T.; Jurić, T.; Piplica, D. Zarobljeno društvo & makronacionalni sustav, korupcija i demografija. Redak. Split. 2022.
 Jurić, Tado.  Westbalkan-Erweiterung der EU, Europäisierungsprozess in Bosnien und Herzegowina, Serbien und Kroatien. Hamburg. Verlag Dr. Kovač. 2013. ISBN 10: 3830073771 / ISBN 13: 9783830073772
 Jurić, Tado; Komušanac, Monika; Krašić, Wolly. 2022. Gastarbajterska iseljenička poema – od stvarnosti do romantizma. Zbornik radova znanstveno-stručnog skupa. Zagreb, 19. i 20. listopada 2020. Fakultet Hrvatskih studija. Sveučilište u Zagrebu i Hrvatsko katoličko sveučilište.

Udžbenici
 Jurić, Tado. 2017. Get to Know Our Homeland. Udžbenik za hrvatsku nastavu u inozemstvu - englesko govorno područje, Zagreb. 2017.
 Jurić, Tado. 2016. Upoznajmo domovinu. München/Zagreb. ISBN: 978-953-294-162-3

Vanjske poveznice
 Google Schoolar: https://scholar.google.hr/citations?user=LW_m1r0AAAAJ&hl=en
 CROSBI: https://www.bib.irb.hr/pregled/znanstvenici/342660
 Academia.edu: https://unicath.academia.edu/TadoJuric
 Researchgate.net: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tado-Juric
 Demografski blog: http://www.gastarbeitery.de/

Izvori

Demografi
Hrvatski znanstvenici


text:
Phyllis (minor planet designation: 556 Phyllis) is a minor planet orbiting the Sun. It is an S-type asteroid with a diameter of 38 km and a geometric albedo of 0.185. Based on photometric observations between 1998 and 2006, it has a synodic rotation period of 4.293 ± 0.001 hours. The asteroid is named after Phyllis, a character in Greek mythology.

References

External links

Vesta asteroids
Phyllis
Phyllis
S-type asteroids (Tholen)
S-type asteroids (SMASS)
19050108


text:
Успанов — фамилия; имеет женскую форму Успанова.
 Успанов, Жолдыбай Тюльматович (род. 1958) — проректор по науке и международным связям, кандидат юридических наук, профессор и Академик МАИН.
 Успанов, Кабаш Распаевич (1914—1970) — советский казахский политический и общественный деятель.


text:
Жа́рникова () — присілок у складі Каргапольського району Курганської області, Росія. Входить до складу Долговської сільської ради.

Населення — 91 особа (2010, 140 у 2002).

Національний склад населення станом на 2002 рік: росіяни — 92 %.

Примітки

Джерела

Посилання
 На Вікімапії

Населені пункти Каргапольського району
Присілки Курганської області


text:
Legnica Airport in Poland serves the town of Legnica (106,000 inhabitants, 500,000 nearby Okręg Miedziowy/ Copper Basin conurbation of Legnica, Głogów, Lubin and Polkowice). It is a former military airport (runway length 1600 m, width 40 m) located in the town centre. Expansion would be a costly proposition since a nearby railway line would need to be rerouted into an underground tunnel, and even after that because of the short runway the airfield would only be really useful as a city airport, akin to Mannheim Airport or London City Airport.

History
Before World War II, the airport operated as a hub for Zeppelins. After the war, it was taken over by the Soviet Armed Forces (its Northern Group of Forces) and used for military purposes until the early 1990s.

Airport infrastructure
There is a railroad line near the terminal that can be used for passenger service.

References

External links
 Official website
 Legnica airport flight arrivals

Defunct airports in Poland
Buildings and structures in Legnica


text:
Mario Lega (né le 20 février 1949 à Lugo, Émilie-Romagne en Italie) est un ancien pilote professionnel de Grand Prix de vitesse moto. Il a remporté le championnat du monde FIM  en 1977 en tant que membre de l'équipe de course d'usine Morbidelli.

Il est détenteur d'un curieux record : il est en effet, parmi les différents pilotes titrés en championnat du monde, le coureur à avoir remporté le moins de courses, n'ayant remporté que le seul Grand Prix de Yougoslavie en 1977.

C'est aussi la première fois qu'un pilote est titré en ayant couru sur deux marques différentes. Il pilotait en effet une Yamaha privée avant d'intégrer l'écurie Morbidelli pour remplacer Paolo Pileri.

Carrière en course
Mario Lega fait ses débuts dans le championnat italien des cadets en 1966, courant d'abord avec une Italjet puis avec une Minarelli. Devenu junior en 1970, il remporte le Championnat d'Italie de la catégorie l'année suivante, avec une Yamaha TD 250. Promu senior pour la saison 1972, il fait également cette année-là ses débuts en Championnat du Monde, abandonnant au GP des Nations en "quart de litre". À la fin de la saison, Lega est  du championnat italien .

Carrière en Grand Prix Moto

En 1973 : le "centaure de Romagne" tel qu'il est surnommé, est engagé par l'écurie Diemme. Cette année-là, il obtient ses premiers points au Championnat du Monde, avec comme meilleur résultat la  place au GP de Yougoslavie en .

1974 : L'année suivante, il remporte le titre de Champion d'Italie 1974 en  et la deuxième place aux Grand Prix des Nations derrière Giacomo Agostini, toujours en 350.

1975 : Une chute au Paul Ricard, début 1975, marque le début d'une période de crise des résultats avec seulement une  place en 250 (Italie) et une  en 350 (Yougoslavie).

1976 : Il ne participe pas au « Continental Circus » de toute l'année.

Retour en 1977 : La crise dure jusqu'en 1977, date à laquelle il est engagé par Morbidelli pour remplacer Paolo Pileri, blessé au GP d'Autriche. Le contrat avec le constructeur basé à Pesaro ne portait initialement que sur trois courses (GP des Nations, France et Espagne), mais a été prolongé grâce aux bons résultats de Lega, qui se hisse en tête du classement 250 à l'issue de ces courses. Cette période faste se confirme en Yougoslavie où il remporte sa  et unique course en championnat du monde de vitesse moto en  (son moteur casse en ). Les Morbidelli sont intouchables ici et Mario Lega remporte donc ce GP devant Katayama et . C'est également la première victoire de Morbidelli en 250. L'autre machine, pilotée par Pileri de retour en GP, a cassé.

Grâce ensuite aux podiums obtenus en Belgique, en Suède et en Tchécoslovaquie, Lega devient champion du monde de la catégorie .

En 1977, en catégorie  il remporte seulement une belle  place au GP des Nations à Imola derrière le Sud-Africain Alan North qui gagne là le seul Grand Prix de sa carrière.

1978 : La saison 1978 est une saison moins réussie pour le pilote de Lugo, seulement septième au classement du championnat  remporté par un autre Sud-Africain, Kork Ballington sur sa Kawasaki KR. En  il ne marque qu'un seul point en Italie pour sa  place.

En 1979 : Lega ne participe plus aux championnats de vitesse. Il fait une tentative en Championnat d'Europe d'endurance, faisant équipe avec  sur une Ducati, obtenant la  place du classement final. À la fin de la saison, il se retire de la compétition, poursuivant sa profession - jamais interrompue même pendant son engagement en tant que pilote officiel Morbidelli - à la SIP (Société Italienne pour l'Exercice des Télécommunications).

Il commente actuellement les courses de MotoGP pour la Gazzetta dello Sport et est moniteur de conduite.

Résultats en Grand Prix Moto
Système de points de 1968 à 1993 :

Notes et références

Champion du monde de vitesse moto
Naissance en février 1949
Pilote de moto italien


text:
Ниже в хронологическом порядке перечислены картины чешского художника Альфонса Мухи.

Примечания

Муха


text:
Mohiuddin Faroque was a Bangladeshi art director, production designer and actor. He won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Art Direction seven times for the films Bosundhora (1977), Dumurer Phool (1978), Pita Mata Santan (1991), Padma Nadir Majhi (1993), Dukhai (1997), Meghla Akash (2001) and Obujh Bou (2010).
He died on April 17, 2020.

Selected films

As an actor
 Itihaas - 2002

As a director
 Rajlokkhi Srikanto - 1987
 Padma Nadir Majhi - 1993

As an art director

Awards and nominations
National Film Awards

References

External links

Bangladeshi actors
Bangladeshi directors
Best Art Direction National Film Award (Bangladesh) winners
Bangladeshi art directors
Year of birth missing
2020 deaths


text:
Джеймс Генри Сесил Коллинз (; 23 марта 1908, Плимут — 4 июня 1989, Лондон) — английский художник-визионер, в начале творческого пути испытывал влияние сюрреализма, а также творчества Уильяма Блейка.

Биография
Родился в Плимуте, работал слесарем на фирме, находящейся в Девонпорте. С 1924-го по 1927 год учился в школе искусств Плимута. В 1927-м году Коллинз выиграл стипендию в Королевском колледже искусств, где он учился в течение четырех лет, после чего он выиграл приз Уильяма Ротенштейна.

В 1931-м году художник женился на Элизабет Рамсден, ученице Генри Мура. Брак явился поворотный моментом для Коллинза, направляя его художественные вкусы к духовным ценностям.
В 1935-м году в Лондоне, в галерее Блумсбери состоялась его первая персональная выставка. В следующем году две картины Коллинза экспонировались на Международной сюрреалистической выставке в Лондоне,
хотя позже он отверг определение себя как художника-сюрреалиста, отказался от рационального мира, но в то же время не разделял склонность к подсознательному и иррациональному. Несмотря на это, его картины можно трактовать в метафизическом смысле.
В 1959-м году в галерее Уайтчейпел в Лондоне состоялась большая ретроспективная выставка из 227-и работ художника.
С 1951-го по 1975 год преподавал в Центральной школе искусств. Одной из его учениц была скульптор и живописец Джинджер Гилмор.
В 1973-м году он завершил икону Божественного Света для алтаря собора в Чичестере.
В 1981-м году Радио BBC транслировало о нем программу в серии Беседы с художниками с Эдвардом Люси-Смитом в качестве ведущего.
В 1988-м году он был избран членом Королевской Академии художеств.
В 1989-м году состоялась ретроспективная выставка в галерее Тейт, которая окончательно утвердила его статус как художника, так и учителя.
В честь столетия со дня рождения Сесила Коллинза был создан портрет в виде мозаики, сложенной в виде слова, гласящей: «В празднование Сесила Коллинза — художника-визионера и педагога», который состоит из изображений почти ста человек, в том числе кураторов, галерейных работников, кинематографистов, писателей, критиков, музыкантов, друзей, коллег, моделей и студентов.

Выставки
 1935 — Галерея Блюмсбери, Лондон, Англия
 1936 — Международная выставка сюрреализма — Новые галереи Барлингтона, Лондон, Англия
 1942 — Музей изобразительных искусств, Толидо, США
 1948 — Новые картины Сесил Коллинз — Галерея Лефевр, Лондон, Англия
 1950 — Новые картины — Галерея Хеффер, Кембридж, Англия
 1951 — Галерея Лестер
 1953 — Общество художников росписи на стене
 1953 — Музей Ашмола, Оксфорд
 1954 — Художественный совет, Лондон
 1956 — Галерея Лестер
 1959 — Галерея Уайтчейпел, Лондон
 1961 — Галерея Зигос, Афины, Греция
 1964 — Международная выставка Карнеги, Питтсбург, США
 1965 — Артур Тус и сыновья
 1967 — Галерея Кран Кальман
 1971 — Вклад Великобритании в сюрреализм — Галерея Хамет, Лондон, Англия
 1972 — Ретроспективная выставка рисунков, картин, акварели, гуаши и живописи 1936—1968-х гг.
 1981 — Новые работы — Энтони д'Оффей, Лондон, Англия
 1981 — Эстампы Сесила Коллинза — Галерея Тейт, Лондон, Англия
 1983 — Плимут, Центр искусств
 1984 — Галерея Фестиваль, Алдебург
 1988 — Последние картины — Энтони д'Оффей, Лондон, Англия
 1989 — Галерея Тейт, Лондон

Библиография
 The Gates of Silence (Grey Walls Press, 1944) by Wrey Gardiner with drawings by Cecil Collins
 The Vision of the Fool (Grey Walls Press, 1947)
 Cecil Collins: Painter of Paradise (1979) by Kathleen Raine
 In Celebration of Cecil Collins: Visionary Artist and Educator (2008) compiled and edited by Nomi Rowe
 The Magic Mirror: Thoughts and Reflections on Cecil Collins (2010) by John Stewart Allitt
 Meditations, Poems, Pages from a Sketch Book, by Cecil Collins, (Golgonooza Press, 1997)
 The Vision of the Fool and other Writings, by Cecil Collins, enlarged edition, (Golgonooza Press, 2002)
 ''Cecil Collins, The Artist as Writer and Image Maker, by Brian Keeble, (Golgonooza Press, 2009)

Примечания

Ссылки
 К 100-летию ГМИИ им. А. С. Пушкина. «Уильям Блейк и британские визионеры»
 Cecil Collins at the Tate Gallery
 Artist's £1m works left to the nation (BBC News — 2 March 2001)
 Eye of the Heart. The paintings of Cecil Collins. 1978. Arts Council England film collection
  Рисунки и акварели британских художников XX века в Эрмитаже

Художники Англии


text:
Novouptino (; , Yañı Opto) is a rural locality (a selo) in Novotroitsky Selsoviet, Chishminsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 33 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Geography
Novouptino is located 21 km south of Chishmy (the district's administrative centre) by road. Alexandrovka is the nearest rural locality.

References

Rural localities in Chishminsky District


text:
Dies ist eine Liste von Klöstern in Magdeburg:

 Prämonstratenserkonvent Magdeburg
 Kloster Unser Lieben Frauen
 Mauritiuskloster (Magdeburg)
 Kloster Mariae Magdalenae (Magdeburg)
 Lorenzkloster (Magdeburg)
 Dominikanerkloster Magdeburg
 Augustinerkloster Magdeburg
 Kreuzhof (Magdeburg)
 Hieronymushaus Magdeburg
 Agnetenkloster (Magdeburg)

Siehe auch:

 Kloster Berge bei Magdeburg

!
Magdeburg


text:
La National Road 71 (N71) è una strada irlandese nazionale di livello secondario che collega Cork a Killarney nella contea di Kerry nel Sud-Ovest della Repubblica d'Irlanda.

La strada prende origine a Cork, capoluogo dell'omonima Contea e prosegue verso Nord-Ovest attraversando i villaggi di Innishannon, Bandon, Clonakilty, Skibbereen, Bantry e Glengarriff. La strada a questo punto sale verso il Caha pass ed attraverso il Turner's Rock Tunnel entra nella contea di Kerry proseguendo verso Kenmare. L'ultimo tratto della N71 collega Kenmare a Killarney e fa parte del Ring of Kerry, celebre anello turistico stradale. Il tratto tra Kenmare e Killarney è la principale via di raggiungimento di molte attrazioni turistiche tra cui il passo di Moll's Gap, il punto panoramico di Ladies View e il Lago Leane.

Note

Altri progetti

N71


text:
Un cryptosystème est un terme utilisé en cryptographie pour désigner un ensemble composé d'algorithmes cryptographiques et de tous les textes en clair, textes chiffrés et clés possibles (définition de Bruce Schneier).

Cette dénomination est toutefois ambiguë, car très souvent associée à la cryptographie asymétrique avec l'utilisation d'une clé privée et d'une clé publique pour les opérations de chiffrement et de déchiffrement. Le  déconseille fortement l'utilisation de ce terme pour remplacer « système cryptographique » :

   $ cryptosystem
      (D) ISDs SHOULD NOT use this term as an abbreviation for
      cryptographic system. (For rationale, see: crypto.)

Quelques cryptosystèmes
L'exemple le plus connu de cryptosystème est RSA mais il en existe bien d'autres, parmi lesquels :

 le cryptosystème de ElGamal ;
 le cryptosystème de Rabin ;
 le cryptosystème de Merkle-Hellman ;
 le cryptosystème de Paillier ;
 les cryptosystèmes à courbe elliptique.

Références

Primitive cryptographique


text:
Israël nam deel aan het Eurovisiesongfestival 1990 in Zagreb, Joegoslavië.
Het was de 16de deelname van Israël aan het festival.
De nationale omroep IBA was verantwoordelijk voor de bijdrage van Israël voor 1990.

Selectieprocedure

Over de selectieprocedure van Israel voor 1990 is niets meer bekend.

In Zagreb
In Joegoslavië trad Israël als tiende van 22 landen aan, na Noorwegen en voor Denemarken. Het land behaalde een 18de plaats, met 16 punten.

België  en  Nederland gaven respectievelijk 0 en 4 punten aan deze inzending.

Gekregen punten

Finale

Punten gegeven door Israël

Finale
Punten gegeven in de finale:

1990
Land op het Eurovisiesongfestival 1990


text:
Pararoseburia es un género de bacterias gramnegativas de la familia Lachnospiraceae. Actualmente sólo contiene una especie: Pararoseburia lenta. Fue descrita en el año 2022. Su etimología hace referencia a parecido a Roseburia. El nombre de la especie hace referencia a lenta. Es anaerobia estricta, en forma de bacilo ligeramente curvado y móvil. Temperatura de crecimiento entre 30-37 °C, óptima de 37 °C. Forma colonias circulares y secas en agar M2GSC tras 3 días de incubación. Sensible a vancomicina, tetraciclina, gentamicina, azitromicina, estreptomicina, polimixina, kanamicina, clindamicina, penicilina, cefoperazona, ciprofloxacino, amoxicilina, bacitracina y ampicilina. Resistente a eritromicina, rifampicina, cefexime y claritromicina. Se ha aislado de las heces de un adulto sano.

Referencias

Lachnospiraceae


text:
Destruktor je v objektovém programování metoda, která je zavolána při likvidaci instance své třídy v paměti počítače.

Při likvidaci instance třídy (objektu) by mělo dojít k uvolnění všech zdrojů, se kterými objekt pracoval. To může programátor zajistit právě pomocí destruktoru. Podobně jako lze pomocí konstruktoru zajistit alokaci prostředků při vytváření objektu.

Destruktor nemá návratovou hodnotu a žádné parametry. Nemá-li třída destruktor, překladač vytvoří implicitní destruktor.

Související články
 Konstruktor

Objektově orientované programování


text:
Arantxa Rus and Tamara Zidanšek were the reigning champions, but chose not to participate.

Erin Routliffe and Kimberley Zimmermann won the title, defeating Natela Dzalamidze and Kamilla Rakhimova in the final, 7–6(7–5), 4–6, [10–4].

Seeds

Draw

Draw

References

External Links
Main Draw

Internazionali Femminili di Palermo - Doubles
2021 Doubles


text:
Bocholt er en by i Tyskland nordvest i delstaten Nordrhein-Westfalen med cirka 75.000 indbyggere. Byen ligger i kreisen Borken, 4 km fra grænsen til Holland.

Historie

Bocholt blev først nævnt i skriftlige kilder i 779, da Karl den store vandt et slag mod sakserne i nærheden. Bosætningen er sandsynligvis meget ældre end dette. Biskop Dietrich III von Isenburg fra Münster gav Bocholt byrettigheder i 1222.

Henvisninger

Byer i Nordrhein-Westfalen
Hanse


text:
Weibel M/1932 — экспериментальный датский ручной пулемёт, разработанный в 1932 году в качестве дополнения для состоявшего на вооружении пулемёта Мадсен.

Боепитание пулемёта осуществлялось из коробчатых магазинов на 20 патронов. Патрон — 7×44 мм. Построено 2 прототипа. Благодаря промежуточному патрону и возможности выбора режима огня Weibel M/1932 нередко относят к ранним образцам штурмовых винтовок.

См. также
 Список пулемётов

Примечания

Ссылки

Ручные пулемёты
Пулемёты Дании
Появились в 1932 году в Дании


text:
In questa lista sono raccolti i calciatori che hanno rappresentato in almeno una partita la Nazionale di calcio dell'Argentina.

Nel conteggio sono considerate solo le partite ufficiali tra Nazionali maggiori.

Statistiche aggiornate al 13 dicembre 2022.

Note

Bibliografia

Collegamenti esterni

Argentina


text:
The Negros Occidental Provincial Board is the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial legislature) of the Philippine province of Negros Occidental.

The members are elected via six provincial board districts, coextensive with the legislative districts of Negros Occidental, each sending two members to the provincial board; the electorate votes for two members, with the two candidates with the highest number of votes being elected. The Vice Governor of Negros Occidental is the ex officio presiding officer, elected with the Governor. As ex officio presiding officer, he only votes to break ties.

List of members
An additional three ex officio members are the presidents of the provincial chapters of the Association of Barangay Captains, the Councilors' League, the Sangguniang Kabataan
provincial president; the municipal and city (if applicable) presidents
of the Association of Barangay Captains, Councilor's League and Sangguniang Kabataan, shall elect amongst themselves their provincial presidents which shall be their representatives at the board.

Current members
These are the members after the 2022 local elections and 2018 barangay and SK elections:

 Vice Governor: Jeffrey P. Ferrer (NUP)

Past members

Vice Governors

1st District Board Members
City: Escalante, San Carlos City
Municipalities: Calatrava, Salvador Benedicto, Toboso
Population (2015): 375,006

2nd District Board Members
City: Cadiz, Sagay City
Municipality: Manapla
Population (2015): 355,832

3rd District Board Members
City: Silay City, Talisay City, Victorias City
Municipalities: Enrique B. Magalona, Murcia
Population (2015): 461,284

4th District Board Members
City: Bago, La Carlota City
Municipalities: Pontevedra, Pulupandan, San Enrique, Valladolid
Population (2015): 376,791

5th District Board Members
City: Himamaylan City
Municipalities: Binalbagan, Hinigaran, Isabela, La Castellana, Moises Padilla
Population (2015): 438,139

6th District Board Members
City: Kabankalan City, Sipalay City
Municipalities: Candoni, Cauayan, Hinoba-an, Ilog
Population (2015): 490,209

Philippine Councilors League President
These are members representing a group of elected councilors from the twelve City Councils and nineteen Municipal Councils of Negros Occidental.

Liga ng mga Barangay President
These are members representing a group of elected barangay chairpersons from 31 ABC councils of Negros Occidental.

Sangguniang Kabataan Federation President
These are members representing a group of elected SK chairpersons from 31 SK Federation councils of Negros Occidental.

See also
 Negros Oriental Provincial Board

References

Provincial boards in the Philippines
Politics of Negros Occidental


text:
Larquebisbat de Luxemburg (francès: Archidiocèse de Luxemburg, alemany: Erzdiözese Luxemburg; flamenc: Erzdiözees Lëtzebuerg; llatí: Archidioecesis Luxemburgensis) és una seu de l'Església Catòlica a Luxemburg, immediatament subjecta a la Santa Seu. Al 2016 tenia 425.000 batejats sobre una població de 576.000 habitants. Actualment està regida per l'arquebisbe Jean-Claude Hollerich, S.J..

Territori
L'arxidiòcesi comprèn tot el Granducat de Luxemburg.

La seu arxiepiscopal és la ciutat de Luxemburg, on es troba la catedral de Nostra Senyora. Al territori es troben l'ex abadia nullius de Sant Maurici i Maure a Clervaux i l'abadia d'Echternach, l'església de la qual té el rang de basílica menor.

El territori s'estén sobre 2.586 km², i està dividit en 275 parròquies, agrupades en 5 regions pastorals i 14 vicariats: Bettembourg, Clervaux, Diekirch, Echternach, Esch-sur-Alzette, Grevenmacher, Koerich, Luxemburg Est, Luxemburg Oest, Mersch, Ospern, Remich, Vianden i Wiltz.

Història

Cristianisme primitiu
El cristianisme es va estendre a Luxemburg des de la ciutat de Trier, per les carreteres romanes. L'organització episcopal de la zona es va iniciar a finals del  amb Euchaire i Màxim de Trier, i a principis del , Materne de Colònia. La cristianització de les zones rurals només va arribar molt després. Les poblacions rurals van romandre estranyes al cristianisme malgrat les illes disperses a Arlon, Bitburg, Altrier i Dalheim. A finals del , l'Església va ser separada del poder que tenien els nous francs arribats, dedicats al culte d'Odin.

Després del baptisme del rei franc Clovis I, els pobles francs van estar oberts al cristianisme en teoria, però el paganisme va subsistir en regions remotes i només va morir durant els dos segles següents.

Sota els carolingis, la reorganització de l'església franca es va iniciar i l'evangelització de la zona de Luxemburg va ser facilitada pel reconeixement oficial del cristianisme. Missioners provinents d'Aquitània, Irlanda i Anglaterra hi van ajudar.

El treball d'aquests missioners es va complementar amb la fundació de monestirs als segles  i : l'abadia de Sant Maximí a Trier (633), Stavelot-Malmedy (650), Andagium (687). Andagium es va convertir en l'abadia de Saint-Hubert quan les restes de Sant Hubert, bisbe de Lieja i patró de les Ardenes, es van traslladar allà el 824. Al voltant del 690, Saint Leodouin va fundar l'abadia de Mettlach, mentre que el 722, Bertha, germana de Carles Martel, va fundar l'abadia de Prüm, amb l'ajut de monjos d'Echternach.

A la part germànica de la regió, l'obra de Willibrord va tenir una importància primordial. Willibrord, anglosaxó originari de Northumbria, va néixer cap al 657 i es va pronunciar a l' abadia benedictina de Ripon. Cap al 690, viatjà amb diversos companys al sud de Frisia. Va ser bisbe el 695 i va establir la seva seu episcopal a Utrecht. El 698 va venir a Trier. Irmine, abadessa d'Oeren a prop de Trier, li va concedir terres a Echternach i possessions a Badelingen, Batzen, Osweiler i una vinya a Vianden. Willibrord va realitzar noves construccions a Echternach, i va fundar l'abadia d'Echternach, dedicada a educar monjos segons la regla benedictina. Va ser enterrat a Echternach el 739 i després va ser vist com a sant nacional.

L'abadia d'Echternach va veure un desenvolupament extraordinari i va continuar gaudint de protecció dels governants després de la mort del seu fundador. La seva influència espiritual i artística el convertiria en un dels monestirs més importants d'Occident. Va produir manuscrits, textos sants il·luminats, que es van començar a dispersar a partir del . El contingut de la seva biblioteca es va estimar en 7.000 articles en els moments de la fi de l'Antic Règim. Els pillatges dels revolucionaris francesos i la fugida dels monjos cap a Alemanya, portant amb ells els seus tresors que després van vendre, van fer que les obres de l'art religiós medieval de l'abadia es dispersessin fins avui a les biblioteques de Nuremberg, Bremen, Trier, Darmstadt, Hamburg, El Escorial i París.

Segle XIII: regnat d'Ermesinde
En el regnat de la comtessa Ermesinda al , es van fundar a Luxemburg diversos establiments religiosos, com el convent de Marienthal a prop de Mersch, un convent de penitents a l'altiplà de Saint-Esprit, un monestir cistercenc de Bonnevoie, els canonges regulars de St. Augustine a Houffalize, un hospital dels trinitaris a Bastogne i un convent a Clairefontaine-lez-Arlon.

Segles  i : Països Baixos espanyols
Els jesuïtes van estar presents a Luxemburg des del 1594 i, a causa de la seva tasca, el territori gairebé no es va veure afectat per la Reforma. Van promoure la veneració de la Mare de Déu, com a "Mare de Déu de Luxemburg" i "Consoladora dels Afligits" (Consolix Afflictorum), en temps de pesta i guerra. Va ser escollida patrona de la ciutat (1666) i del ducat de Luxemburg (1678). Aquesta devoció continua fins als nostres dies en forma de pelegrinatge nacional, l'Octava, que se celebra cada any durant dues setmanes en el període posterior a la Pasqua.

El Consell Provincial (Conseil provincial) exercia funcions en el domini eclesiàstic. Luxemburg tenia la particularitat que els bisbes, les autoritats eclesiàstiques, residien fora del territori. Els seus actes no podrien obtenir la força de la llei sense l'aprovació del Consell, en forma de "placet". El Consell solia aprofitar-ho per conservar el control de la reforma catòlica i per obligar els bisbes estrangers a reconèixer la seva autoritat. Al principi, era necessari per a actes papals i episcopals, però finalment un clergue estava obligat per a qualsevol acte jurídic. En determinades zones, el Concili va exercir un dret de censura sobre l'església, com per exemple a les àrees de visites dels bisbes o dels seus representants, butlles papals i episcopals i cartes pastorals, observacions de festes religioses i cites a les parròquies. Durant els conflictes amb Trier, la resistència del Consell va evitar que l'arquebisbe de Trier cobrés impostos al clergat luxemburguès.

Des del , el governador de Luxemburg havia hagut de consultar la noblesa, el clergat i la burgesia, especialment quan es demanaven diners: això va evolucionar fins als estaments provincials de Luxemburg. Pel que fa al clergat, les fonts contemporànies esmenten específicament els sires prélats, ja que eren només les grans abadies que es representaven, com a propietaris de grans dimensions. Es tractava de l'abadia de Sant Maximí de Trier, que es trobava fora de Luxemburg, però posseïa molta terra al territori, així com les abadies d'Echternach, Munster, Orval i Saint-Hubert i el priorat de Houffalize. No es va representar el clergat secular i els monestirs més petits.

Luxemburg estava en aquest moment dividit entre sis diòcesis, dues de les quals van assumir la part del lleó del ducat: l'arxidiòcesi de Trèveris i la diòcesi de Lieja; les altres eren les diòcesis de Metz, Verdun, Reims i Colònia.

El clergat secular en aquest moment vivia una vida generalment poc violenta, vivia en la pobresa i estava poc educat. Pel que fa al clergat regular, hi va haver una profunda decadència que va afectar els antics i establerts monestirs com el d'Echternach (benedictins), Saint-Hubert (benedictins), Orval (cistercencs), Altmünster (benedictins), així com més establiments recents. Igual que a la resta dels Països Baixos dels Habsburg, la situació de l'Església catòlica a Luxemburg era precària: el nombre de clergues que bevien o mantenien relacions era elevat, i els feligresos eren sovint deixats a si mateixos, sense instrucció de religioses regulars, i convertit a la superstició. El nombre de proves de bruixeria dels segles  i  fou corresponent alt.

Segle XVIII: Habsburg austríac
Al , el clergat a Luxemburg no va poder prendre cap decisió substancial sense el consentiment de l'estat. La pràctica del placet va permetre al govern exercir una mesura de control sobre els actes eclesiàstics. Cap ordre ni carta pastoral, ja fos del papa o del bisbe, no es podia publicar al ducat sense el consentiment del Conseil de Luxemburg. Les candidatures a una parròquia o benefici no podrien tirar endavant sense el consentiment de les autoritats civils.

La situació del clergat secular, especialment a les zones rurals, no era especialment saludable. Els més afavorits van ser educats a les facultats de teologia de Lovaina, Trier o Colònia; els altres van rebre la seva formació d'un rector de la parròquia, que els hauria ensenyat alguns elements de llatí, filosofia i teologia. El rang social dels sacerdots variaria molt segons la seva situació financera.

Els recursos del clergat es derivaven de delmes, ingressos de taxes per batejos, matrimonis i enterraments i ingressos del bouvrot, terra que els clergues rurals van explotar com a agricultors de conreus o bestiar.

Molts d'ells exercien la funció de "curé-notaire", redactant contractes de matrimoni i testaments per als seus feligresos. Aquesta funció, definida el 1586 per Felip II, estava particularment present al ducat de Luxemburg, que va quedar minvat per les grans distàncies i la pobra xarxa urbana. Aquests clergues sense parròquia es van veure obligats a acontentar-se amb els ingressos del treball com a vicaris parroquials, sagristans o com a professors d'escola. Aquests clergues, mal educats i vivint modestament, eren un reflex de la societat luxemburguesa rural, pobra i supersticiosa.

El clergat regular gaudia d'un prestigi més elevat que el clergat secular. Es va concentrar a les abadies d'Echternach, Munster, Saint-Hubert i Orval. Les abadies eren grans propietaris al , i van construir les seves pròpies foses; els abats, a més del seu paper espiritual, també van exercir un paper polític i industrial. Nicolas Spirlet (1715-1794), l'últim abat de Saint-Hubert, especialitzat en produir canons exportats a l'Amèrica Revolucionària.

Després de les reformes de Josep II, es van suprimir els ordes contemplatius, mentre que els grans monestirs van desaparèixer a la Revolució Francesa. Orval va ser l'únic que després es va tornar a fundar, el 1927.

Abans de la Revolució Francesa, la part sud del territori de l'actual arxidiòcesi pertanyia a la diòcesi de Trèveris (aleshores arquebisbat) i la part nord a la diòcesi de Lieja.

Segle  i fins avui
Després del Congrés de Viena de 1815, que va elevar Luxemburg al rang de Gran Ducat en unió personal amb la corona dels Països Baixos. Amb la butlla Qui Christi Domini del 29 de novembre de 1801, amb la que Pius VII reorganitzava les circumscripcions eclesiàstiques catòliques de la Primera República Francesa, el territori de Luxemburg passà a formar part de la diòcesi de Metz.
El 1823 el papa Pius VII va unir el territori a la diòcesi de Namur.

Amb l'assoliment de la independència estatal, l'església luxemburguesa quedà autònoma de la belga i de l'alemanya.
A partir del 25 de desembre de 1833, la zona va ser confiada a un sacerdot, exercint de prefecte apostòlic, que es va convertir en el seu primer vicari apostòlic, quan el 2 de juny de 1840, per efecte del breu Ubi universalis Ecclesiae del papa Gregori XVI, el territori va esdevenir un vicariat apostòlic, jurisdicció normalment encapçalada per un bisbe titular. Es va convertir en una diòcesi de ple dret el 27 de desembre de 1870 per efecte del breu In hac Beati Petri del papa Pius IX., sense ser incorporada a cap província eclesiàstica.

Després de les dissolucions de la Revolució Francesa, es van fundar nous ordres i congregacions monàstiques al  i principis del . Algunes d'aquestes encara continuen fent tasques socials i educatives fins avui, a més d'estar actives en l'àmbit pastoral i contemplatiu: germanes de l'orde de Santa Elisabeth, germanes de Sant Francesc de la Divina Misericòrdia, germanes de la doctrina cristiana, germanes del Pobre Nen Jesús, laics carmelites, benedictins de l'adoració perpètua del Santíssim Sagrament; Redemptoristes, frares de caritat, sacerdots del Sagrat Cor, benedictins a Clervaux, etc.

El 4 d'agost de 1937 cedí una porció del territori a benefici de l'erecció de l'abadia territorial de sants Maurici i Maur de Clervaus, suprimida el 1946 i el territori tornà a quedar integrat al de la diòcesi luxemburguesa.

Durant la Segona Guerra Mundial, quan Luxemburg va ser ocupat per l'Alemanya nazi, l'Església Catòlica va estar relativament en silenci. No va adoptar cap posició pública respecte al destí dels jueus o del règim nazi. D'una banda, el bisbe, Joseph Laurent Philippe, estava postrat per culpa d'una malaltia i, per tant, no es trobava en cap estat en l'oposició activa. D'altra banda, el bisbe no volia antagonitzar encara més els ocupants i posar en perill la ja fràgil vida religiosa de l'Església, fortament restringida durant la guerra. El bisbe Philippe, però, es va negar a reunir-se amb la direcció nazi i va preparar-se en cas que el seu càrrec quedés vacant.

L'Església va veure amenaçada la seva existència ja que va ser expulsada de la vida pública per les polítiques antireligioses dels nazis: es van prohibir esdeveniments religiosos públics com la celebració d'Octava o la processó de ballar, es van dissoldre les organitzacions cristianes, l'educació religiosa a les escoles era abolida i es va posar en marxa la prohibició de les ordres religioses.

Al mateix temps, l'administració de la diòcesi va seguir sent una de les poques institucions luxemburgueses que es van mantenir intactes durant la guerra, tot i que això va estar en dubte durant un temps, i les autoritats d'ocupació van considerar la deportació del bisbe.

L'església catòlica de Luxemburg va intentar adaptar-se a les exigències modernes mitjançant el quart sínode diocesà de Luxemburg (1972-1981), després del Concili Vaticà II (1962-1965). L'Església volia establir un nivell de diàleg amb l'obertura cap a la cultura moderna i al món.

El 23 d'abril de 1988 va ser elevat al rang d'arxidiòcesi, immediatament sotmesa a la Santa Seu, mitjançant la butlla Sicut homines del papa Joan Pau II.

La creació del Consell d'Esglésies cristianes el 1997 va indicar un cert èmfasi en l'ecumenisme entre esglésies cristianes.

L'actual arquebisbe de Luxemburg, des del 12 de juliol de 2011, és Jean-Claude Hollerich.

Situació
L'arxidiòcesi no és una seu metropolitana, car no té sufragànies.

A finals de 2010, l'arxidiòcesi va estimar la seva pertinença en 396.500 persones, sobre una població total de 502.000 habitants, i va informar que tenia 275 parròquies, 151 sacerdots diocesans, 56 sacerdots religiosos, 6 diaques permanents, 70 germans religiosos i 566 germanes religioses. No obstant això, el nombre de catòlics que acudeixen a la missa està en declivi, com es reflecteix en les amalgamacions de les parròquies i en les deconsagracions d'esglésies.

L'estat i l'Església catòlica de Luxemburg mantenen una relació on es reconeixen l'autonomia mútua, tot i que mantenen diferents formes de cooperació. Aquesta cooperació es regeix per la Constitució de Luxemburg i per diverses lleis i convencions. Hi ha un cert grau de col·laboració en els sectors educatius i solidaris entre ambdós actors: l'Església ofereix educació religiosa a les escoles públiques, les escoles privades estan parcialment finançades per l'Estat. L'estat també paga els sous dels ministres de les principals esglésies cristianes així com de la comunitat jueva.

Actualment s'està discutint el desestabliment de l'Església a Luxemburg, pel qual l'Estat deixaria de responsabilitzar-se financerament de l'Església.

Una enquesta de 1996 (no censal) va reportar als catòlics el 88%, inclosa la família reial; Protestants i un 1% similar; altres religions 1%; cap religió 9%; cap resposta 1%.

Cronologia arxiepiscopal
 Johann Theodor van der Noot † (25 de desembre de 1833 - 8 de novembre de 1841 renuncià)
 Jean-Théodore Laurent † (1 de desembre de 1841 - 10 de juliol de 1856 renuncià)
 Nicolas Adames † (7 de maig de 1848 - 27 d'octubre de 1883 renuncià)
 Johannes Joseph Koppes † (28 de setembre de 1883 - 29 de novembre de 1918 mort)
 Pierre Nommesch † (8 de març de 1920 - 9 d'octubre de 1935 mort)
 Joseph Laurent Philippe, S.C.I. † (9 de setembre de 1935 - 21 d'octubre de 1956 mort)
 Léon Lommel † (21 d'octubre de 1956 - 13 de febrer de 1971 jubilat)
 Jean Hengen † (13 de febrer de 1971 - 21 de desembre de 1990 jubilat)
 Fernand Franck (21 de desembre de 1990 - 12 de juliol de 2011 jubilat)
 Jean-Claude Hollerich, S.J., dal 12 de juliol de 2011

Estadístiques
A finals del 2016, la diòcesi tenia 425.000 batejats sobre una població de 576.000 persones, equivalent al 73,8% del total.

Notes

Bibliografia
 Breu Ubi universalis Ecclesiae, a Bullarium pontificium Sacrae congregationis de propaganda fide, tomo V, Romae 1841, p. 192 (traduzione in francese in: Journal historique et littéraire, Tome VII, pp. 550-553.)
 Breu In hac Beati Petri, a Pii IX Pontificis Maximi Acta. Pars prima, Vol. V, Romae 1871, p. 239
 Butlla Sicut homines

Bibliografia addicional
 Kreins, Jean-Marie. Histoire du Luxembourg. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2010. 5th edition.
 The Catholic Church in Luxembourg - an historical overview

Enllaços externs
 Anuari pontifici del 2017 i anteriors, publicat a www.catholic-hierarchy.org a la pàgina Archdiocese of Luxembourg
 Pàgina oficial de l'arxidiòcesi
 Esquema de la diòcesi a www.gcatholic.org
 Foto de la Catedral a Luxembourg

Arquebisbats
Bisbats erigits al segle XIX
Diòcesis immediatament subjectes a la Santa Seu
Aquebisbat de Luxemburg


text:
Jane Grey – nobile inglese, regina d'Inghilterra e d'Irlanda
 Jane Grey – attrice teatrale e cinematografica
 Jane Grey – schooner britannico


text:
Musica
Radio Active – album di Fuzzy Haskins.
Radio Active – album di Pat Travers.
Radio:ACTIVE – album dei McFly.

Televisione
Radio Active – serie televisiva canadese trasmessa dal 1998 al 2001.

Altro
Radio Active – videogioco del 1994.

Pagine correlate
Radioactive


text:
This is a list of greenstone belts

Africa

Burkina Faso
Hounde greenstone belt
Boromo greenstone belt

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kilo-Moto

Angola
Lufico - Cabinda
Cassinga

South Africa
Barberton greenstone belt
Pietersberg greenstone belt

Tanzania
Kilimafedha greenstone belt
Lake Victoria Greenstone Belt
Nzega Greenstone Belt

Zimbabwe
Belingwe Greenstone Belt
Gweru-Shurugwi Greenstone Belt
Harare greenstone belt
Bindura-Shamva greenstone belt
Wedza Greenstone belt
Bulawayo-Bubi Greenstone belt
Makaha Greenstone Belt
Beatrice Greenstone Belt
Dindi Greenstone Belt
Mt Darwin Greenstone Belt

Eurasia

Russia
Kostomuksha greenstone belt

Finland
Central Lapland Greenstone Belt (Lapland)
Tipasjärvi-Kuhmo-Suomussalmi greenstone belt

Norway
Mauken greenstone belt

Oceania
Harris greenstone belt (Australia)
Jack Hills greenstone belt (Australia)
Norseman-Wiluna greenstone belt (Australia)
Saddleback greenstone belt (Australia)
Southern Cross greenstone belt (Australia)
Yandal greenstone belt (Australia)
Yalgoo-Singleton greenstone belt (Australia)

North America

Canada
Abitibi greenstone belt (Quebec/Ontario)
Bird River greenstone belt (Manitoba)
Ecstall Greenstone Belt (British Columbia)
Ennadai greenstone belt (Saskatchewan)
Flin Flon greenstone belt (Manitoba/Saskatchewan)
Hope Bay greenstone belt (Nunavut)
Hunt River greenstone belt (Newfoundland and Labrador)
Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt (Quebec)
Red Lake greenstone belt (Ontario)
Rice Lake greenstone belt (Manitoba)
Swayze greenstone belt (Ontario)
Temagami Greenstone Belt (Ontario)
Yellowknife greenstone belt (Northwest Territories)

Greenland
Isua greenstone belt (Southwestern Greenland)

United States
Elmers Rock greenstone belt (Wyoming)
Franciscan Assemblage (California)
Rattlesnake Hills greenstone belt (Wyoming)
Seminoe Mountains greenstone belt (Wyoming)
South Pass greenstone belt (Wyoming)

South America

Brazil
Santa Rita greenstone belt

Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil
Northern Guiana Shield greenstone belt

References

Greenstone belts


text:
Grupo Antolin ist ein multinationaler Automobilzulieferer aus Spanien, der für die Fahrzeugindustrie Innenraumteile entwickelt und herstellt. Gegründet wurde das Unternehmen in den 1950er Jahren als erstes Unternehmen der Antolin-Familie im spanischen Burgos.

In den 1990er Jahren begann das Unternehmen, neue Produktionsstätten im Ausland zu gründen. 2014 ist der Konzern bereits in 25 Ländern produktiv tätig mit 86 Produktions- und 25 technisch-kommerziellen Standorten sowie 15.400 Mitarbeitern bei einem Gesamtumsatz von 2,25 Milliarden Euro. Im Januar 2012 übernahm Grupo Antolin die französische Gruppe CML Innovative Technologies mitsamt Standorte und Belegschaft; 2015 folgte die Übernahme der Interiors Sparte von Magna und verdoppelte damit den Umsatz.

Vorstandsvorsitzender des Konzerns ist Jesús Pascual Santos; Ehrenvorsitzender ist José Antolin Toledano.

Einzelnachweise

Automobilzulieferer
Gegründet 1950
Produzierendes Unternehmen (Spanien)
Unternehmen (Kastilien und León)
Burgos


text:
La Resolució 628 del Consell de Seguretat de les Nacions Unides, aprovada per unanimitat el 16 de gener de 1989 després d'observar un acord entre Angola i Cuba quant a la retirada de les tropes cubanes d'Angola i l'l'Acord Tripartit entre Angola, Cuba i Sud-àfrica, el Consell dona la benvinguda a ambdós acords, emfatitzant la seva importància en termes de pau i seguretat internacional.

La resolució expressa el seu ple suport als acords, i crida a totes les parts implicades i altres estats membres afectats a ajudar a aplicar la resolució. També demana al secretari general, Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, que mantingui el Consell ben informat de la implementació de la resolució.

Referències

Vegeu també
 Llista de resolucions del Consell de Seguretat de les Nacions Unides 601 a la 700 (1987 - 1991)

Enllaços externs
  Text de la Resolució a UN.org

Resolucions del Consell de Seguretat de les Nacions Unides de 1989
Resolucions del Consell de Seguretat de les Nacions Unides sobre la guerra de la frontera de Sud-àfrica
Resolucions del Consell de Seguretat de les Nacions Unides sobre Angola
Relacions internacionals de Cuba


text:
Sakari Tapani Lehto, född 26 december 1923 i Åbo, död 30 juni 2006 i Kimito, var en finländsk industriman.

Lehto blev student 1941, ekonom 1945, avlade högre rättsexamen 1948 och blev efter tjänstgöring som hovrättsauskultant vicehäradshövding 1951. Han var sekreterare vid Arbetsgivarnas i Finland centralförbund 1949–1952, innehade olika befattningar vid Yhtyneet Paperitehtaat Oy 1952–1964 och var verkställande direktör i Finlands industriförbund 1964–1971 samt verkställande direktör i Oy Partek Ab 1972–1987. Han var andre handels- och industriminister och utrikeshandelsminister 1975–1976. Han publicerade några böcker om ledarskap samt memoarer, Muistikuvia ja merkintöjä (1996). Han tilldelades ministers titel 1977.

Källor

Finländska företagsledare
Finlands ministrar
Finländska innehavare av ministers titel
Personer från Åbo
Födda 1923
Avlidna 2006
Män


text:
Galeruca artemisiae is een keversoort uit de familie bladkevers (Chrysomelidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd in 1856 gepubliceerd door Wilhelm Gottlob Rosenhauer.

artemisiae


text:
William Lacy Clay Sr (born April 30, 1931) is an American politician from Missouri.  As Congressman from Missouri's first district, he represented portions of St. Louis in the U.S. House of Representatives for 32 years.

Early life and family
Clay was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Luella S. (Hyatt) and Irving Charles Clay. He graduated from Saint Louis University in 1953.  Clay served in the United States Army from 1953 to 1955, and he was a St. Louis alderman from 1959 to 1964. Clay served 105 days in jail for participating in a civil rights demonstration in 1963. Prior to entering Congress, Clay held jobs first as a real estate broker and later as a labor coordinator. He worked for the union of St. Louis city employees from 1961 to 1964 and then with a steamfitters union local until 1967.

Clay married Carol Ann Johnson in 1953. They had three children, including William Lacy Clay Jr., who would succeed his father in the U.S. House. The Clay family were parishioners at the predominantly Black St. Nicholas' Catholic Church in St. Louis.

Politics

Clay was elected to the House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1968. He became an advocate for environmentalism, labor issues, and social justice. In 1993, Clay voted for the Family and Medical Leave Act. From 1991 until the Democrats lost control of Congress in 1995, Clay chaired the House Committee on the Post Office and Civil Service. In 2000, he retired from the House and his son, Lacy, succeeded him.

Honors
In 1996, the William L. Clay Center for Molecular Electronics (now the Center for Nanoscience) was dedicated in his honor on the campus of the University of Missouri-St. Louis.

Clay is also the founder of the William L. Clay Scholarship and Research Fund, which awards college scholarships to high school seniors living in Missouri's first congressional district. The Fund, which is a 501(c)3 organization, has awarded scholarships since 1985.

Poplar Street Bridge, which connects St. Louis, Missouri, and East St. Louis, Illinois, was renamed on October 7, 2013, Congressman William L. Clay Bridge.

William L. Clay has a star and biographical plaque on the St. Louis Walk of Fame.

Works
Clay has written several works of non-fiction.

To Kill or Not to Kill: Thoughts on Capital Punishment (1990)
Just Permanent Interests: Black Americans in Congress, 1870–1991 (1992)
Racism in the White House: A Common Practice of Most United States Presidents (2002)
Bill Clay: A Political Voice at the Grass Roots (2004)  Designed by Steve Hartman of Creativille, Inc. Creativille, Inc. - Be Simple. Be Passionate. Be Creative.
The Jefferson Bank Confrontation (2008)

See also

List of African-American United States representatives

References

External links
Biographic sketch at U.S. Congress website
The History Makers
The William L. Clay Scholarship and Research Fund

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1931 births
Living people
Activists from St. Louis
African-American members of the United States House of Representatives
African-American United States Army personnel
African-American people in Missouri politics
African-American Catholics
American trade unionists
Businesspeople from St. Louis
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Missouri
Members of the St. Louis Board of Aldermen
Military personnel from Missouri
Politicians from St. Louis
Saint Louis University alumni
American civil rights activists
United States Army soldiers
Writers from St. Louis
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people
Members of Congress who became lobbyists


text:
Mizo craft refers to as Mizoram handicrafts, is a  traditional art and techniques of the inhabitants of Mizoram state, prominently known as the "Songbird of the North east". Its people are collectively known as Mizo. Mizo craftsmanship exists since ancient period. Its artisans use simple tools designed to produce traditional products. Handloom, cane and bamboo weaving are the core elements of its handicraft identity.

Background
The traditional art of Mizo people creates several varieties of bamboo and cane products such as flower vase, baskets and utensils. Traditional furniture and hats using various craft material are among other craft products of the state. Mizo artisans, group or a single individual works independently to produce handmade items by using weaving methods. Artisans use raw material of bamboo to create traditional ornaments which is mostly used by Mizo women on special occasions such as marriage ceremony or festivals. Besides producing bamboo baskets, Indian economic census covered that Mizo artisans create cane stool, gourd crafts, and pottery across its districts and subdivisions.

See also
Mizo culture
Mizo literature
Darkhuang

References

Culture of Mizoram
Indian handicrafts


text:
Sceloporus cozumelae är en ödleart som beskrevs av  Jones 1927. Sceloporus cozumelae ingår i släktet Sceloporus och familjen Phrynosomatidae. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Fjällbärande kräldjur
cozumelae


text:
Ceratias tentaculatus är en fiskart som först beskrevs av Norman, 1930.  Ceratias tentaculatus ingår i släktet Ceratias och familjen Ceratiidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Marulkartade fiskar
tentaculatus


text:
John Henry Clanfergael Buckler (1 April 1906 – 30 October 1936) was a British actor. He was the son of the actor Hugh Buckler and his wife, actress Violet Paget, about whom little is known.

Biography

As a child, Buckler spent some years in England, before joining his parents in Australia in 1914.

Buckler made his Broadway debut in 1925 as an English Reporter in The Green Hat that was based on the novel by Michael Arlen. He entered Hollywood films in 1934 and appeared in two MGM films David Copperfield (1935) and Tarzan Escapes as Captain Fry (1936).

Buckler and his father were driving together in a heavy rain storm when their car skidded off the road into Malibou Lake, California. Both men died.

Filmography

References

External links

1906 births
1936 deaths
English male film actors
People from Cape Town
20th-century English male actors
British expatriate male actors in the United States
Road incident deaths in California


text:
The North Fork Smith River is a  tributary of the Smith River in Douglas County in the U.S. state of Oregon. It begins in the Central Oregon Coast Range near Roman Nose Mountain and flows generally southwest to meet the larger river  from its confluence with the Umpqua River at Reedsport.  The entire course of the North Fork lies within the Siuslaw National Forest.

Recreation
The North Fork supports populations of cutthroat trout and steelhead suitable for sportfishing. Bank access is good where land owners allow it, but anglers often prefer drift fishing from boats. Watercraft can be launched from near bridge crossings and taken out above the rapids at Culvert Hole, about  from the river mouth.

The North Fork Smith Trail, open all year, runs along the North Fork for  through a forest of old-growth Douglas firs to Lower Kentucky Falls along Kentucky Creek. There it connects to the  Kentucky Falls Trail, which follows the creek through old-growth to Upper Kentucky Falls. Lower Kentucky Falls is a  twin fall at the confluence of the river and the creek.

Tributaries
Named tributaries of the North Fork Smith River from source to mouth are Jump, Sheep Herder, and Kentucky creeks. Then the Middle Fork North Fork Smith River and the West Branch North Fork Smith River followed by Paxton, Harlan, Sulphur, Chapman, Georgia, and McKinney creeks. Then come Edmonds, Johnson, Dry, Straddle, and Railroad creeks.

See also
 List of rivers of Oregon

References

External links
Trail map –United States Forest Service
Umpqua Watershed Council

Rivers of Oregon
Rivers of Douglas County, Oregon
Oregon Coast Range


text:
Justin Carl Blackmon (born January 9, 1990) is a former American football wide receiver. He played college football at Oklahoma State, where he was twice recognized as a consensus All-American, before being drafted by the Jacksonville Jaguars fifth overall in the 2012 NFL Draft. With the Jaguars, he was suspended for the first four games of the 2013 season for violating the NFL's substance abuse policy before being suspended indefinitely for another violation later that year and has not played since.

Early years
Blackmon was born in Oceanside, California.  He attended Plainview High School in Ardmore, Oklahoma, where he was a four-sport star in football, basketball, baseball and track. In football, he earned SuperPrep All-America honors as a senior after receiving 61 passes for 1,547 yards with 14 touchdowns, rushing for 152 rushing yards with two scores and returning four interceptions for touchdowns, leading his team to a 12–1 record. In basketball, he was the conference MVP as a junior.

Blackmon also lettered once in track & field. At the 2008 Oklahoma State T&F Championships, he captured the state title in the long jump with a leap of 7.01 meters (22 ft, 10 in), while also placing second in the high jump event, with a leap of 1.98 meters (6 ft, 6 in). After spending the summer working on his 400-meter dash technique, he was challenged by his coach to run under 50 seconds, and he was clocked at 49.2. Regarded as a three-star recruit by Rivals.com, Blackmon was listed as the No. 91 wide receiver prospect in the class of 2008. Colorado and Missouri were among the programs seeking his signature.

College career

Blackmon received an athletic scholarship to attend Oklahoma State University, where he played for coach Mike Gundy's Oklahoma State Cowboys football team from 2008 to 2011.  He was redshirted as a true freshman in 2008, and quickly earned a starting position in 2009.  He was named the 2010 Big 12 Offensive Player of the Year, the first receiver to earn the honor.  He was awarded the Fred Biletnikoff Award as the nation's top receiver, and was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American.  Blackmon also holds the NCAA records for most consecutive games gaining 100 yards or more and most games gaining 200 yards or more. Statistically, Blackmon caught 111 passes for 1,782 yards and 20 touchdowns in 12 games during the 2010 season and also added a pair of scores with a 69-yard run and a blocked punt return.

Blackmon finished the 2011 regular season with 121 catches for 1,522 yards and 18 touchdowns. He led the Big 12 in receiving and ranked second nationally in both receptions per game and total receptions. His 15 touchdown catches led the league and represented the third-highest total in the nation.  Following his 2010 sophomore season, he was recognized as a unanimous first-team All-American.  Despite the extreme defensive game plans geared specifically at stopping him, he emerged as the Biletnikoff Award winner as the nation's top receiver for the second consecutive season; former Texas Tech receiver Michael Crabtree is the only other player to win the Biletnikoff Award twice. At the 2012 Fiesta Bowl, Blackmon caught 8 passes for 186 yards and 3 touchdowns. After the game, he declared for the 2012 NFL Draft. He was also named the 2012 Fiesta Bowl offensive MVP.

Statistics

Source:

Professional career

Blackmon decided not to participate in any workouts at the NFL Combine, instead performing at Oklahoma State's Pro Day. He was considered the best wide receiver in the 2012 NFL Draft and predicted to go early in the first round. He has been compared to Anquan Boldin and Terrell Owens. He was drafted by the Jacksonville Jaguars with the fifth pick in the first round of the draft. Jacksonville traded up with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers to draft him, exchanging their number seven selection and a fourth round pick for Tampa Bay's spot. Blackmon was the highest drafted player from Oklahoma State since Barry Sanders in 1989.

Blackmon scored his first career touchdown on November 4, 2012 against the Detroit Lions. On November 18, in a game against the Houston Texans, Blackmon had seven receptions for 236 yards. The 236 yards were third-most for an NFL rookie, the most since Jerry Rice as well as the second-most in a game in franchise history, trailing only 291 yards by Jimmy Smith in a September 2000 game at the Baltimore Ravens. Blackmon combined with Andre Johnson (273 yards on 14 receptions) to have the most receiving yards in a game by two players on different teams. Blackmon finished his 2012 season with 64 receptions and 865 yards receiving, both of which led all NFL rookies. Blackmon also led all rookie receivers in first downs. His 81-yard touchdown reception against Houston was the longest pass completion to any rookie.

Legal issues and suspension
On June 3, 2012, Blackmon was arrested for driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol in Stillwater, Oklahoma and was released from custody later that day. On April 20, 2013, Blackmon received a four-game suspension by the NFL for violating the league's substance abuse policy.  In July, he underwent groin surgery. The Jaguars placed him on the PUP list in which he missed training camp and the start of the preseason. Blackmon returned to the active roster and practiced on August 12, however he missed the first four games of the regular season due to his suspension. In his first game back, he caught 5 passes for 136 yards and a touchdown. In his next game, against the Denver Broncos, he recorded 14 catches for 190 yards. On November 1, during the Jaguars' bye week, he was suspended indefinitely without pay for again violating the NFL's Policy and Program for Substances of Abuse. He would have been eligible to apply for reinstatement prior to the 2014 season.

On May 2, 2014, Jaguars general manager David Caldwell announced that it was unlikely that Blackmon would join the team for the 2014 season. Blackmon was arrested following a traffic stop on July 23, 2014 in Edmond, Oklahoma for possession of marijuana. On October 1, 2014, Jaguars head coach Gus Bradley said Blackmon had voluntarily checked into a 90-day program, adding that he had completed nearly half of his commitment, was doing very well and learning a lot. On May 10, 2015, Blackmon was reportedly denied reinstatement by the NFL, effectively ending his 2015 season. In August 2015, Jaguars general manager David Caldwell said that the Jaguars did not expect Blackmon to play for them again, adding that the team had not heard from him for some time. That same month Blackmon was added to the Toronto Argonauts' "confidential" negotiating list before the NFL disallowed it due to his suspension.

On December 19, 2015, Blackmon was arrested for DUI in his hometown of Ardmore, Oklahoma. He pleaded guilty to DUI, and in August 2016 was sentenced to one year in jail, which was suspended pending the completion of one year of probation. He was also fined $1,000 and ordered to undergo 100 hours of community service. If he ever decided to play again, he would have to go through a two-month vetting process after applying for reinstatement. Despite this, Caldwell said at the time of Blackmon's arrest that the Jaguars had no intention of releasing him. Blackmon reportedly completed the terms of his probation in August 2017.

Statistics

See also
 List of NCAA major college football yearly receiving leaders
 List of NCAA Division I FBS career receiving touchdowns leaders

References

External links

 Jacksonville Jaguars bio
 Oklahoma State Cowboys bio

1990 births
Living people
All-American college football players
American football wide receivers
Oklahoma State Cowboys football players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
Sportspeople from Oceanside, California
Players of American football from California
People from Ardmore, Oklahoma


text:
Ruth Buchanan (born 1980) is a contemporary Aotearoa New Zealand artist of Te Āti Awa, Taranaki, and European decent. Buchanan was born in New Plymouth and grew up in Wellington. She lives and works in Berlin.

Education
Buchanan graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts from the Elam School of Fine Arts, Auckland, in 2002. She completed a Master of Fine Arts at the Piet Zwart Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands in 2007. From 2008-09 she was a researcher at the Jan van Eyck Academie in Maastricht, Netherlands.

In 2012 she was Artist in Residence at Colin McCahon House in Auckland, and in 2015 and 2016 she was the Govett-Brewster Aotearoa New Zealand Artist in Residence.

Career
Buchanan has exhibited extensively in Europe and in New Zealand. She was represented by Hopkinson Mossman, a contemporary art gallery in New Zealand from 2011-20. In 2018 she was awarded Aotearoa's Walters Prize for her groundbreaking project BAD VISUAL SYSTEMS first shown at Adam Art Gallery, working closely with Judith Hopf and Marianne Wex. She works across exhibition making, writing, design, publishing, and teaching. Her work draws out the contested and dynamic relationship between the body, power, language and the archive. This process of contesting often relates closely to the types of relationships that standardised infrastructures, such as archives, libraries, and museums create between our bodies and society at large and actively asks how these relationships could be otherwise. In 2023 Buchanan moved with her family to New Zealand to take up the role of Director Kaitohu of Artspace Aotearoa in Auckland.

References

External links
Studio Ruth Buchanan
Evacuation Tapes
The Friction in the Collection

Living people
21st-century New Zealand artists
New Zealand women artists
Elam Art School alumni
1980 births
Te Āti Awa people
Taranaki (iwi)
People from New Plymouth


text:
Métrophane de Byzance (? - 326) fut l'évêque de Byzance de 306 à 314.

Il a peut-être pris sa retraite de son épiscopat mais n'est décédé qu'après 326. Selon la tradition, l'empereur Constantin Ier lui aurait décerné le titre honorifique de patriarche; cependant, Byzance n'est devenue la capitale de l'Empire qu'en 330 (date à laquelle elle a été rebaptisée Nouvelle Rome ou Constantinople), et le siège n'a été élevé au rang de patriarcat qu'en 451. Métrophane n'a pas pu participer au premier Concile œcuménique, qui s'est tenu à Nicée, en raison de son âge et de sa mauvaise santé. Il envoya à la place Alexandre, son premier presbytre, un honnête homme qu'il destinait à sa succession.

Métrophane a été canonisé saint, et est vénéré à la fois dans l'Église orthodoxe orientale et dans l'Église catholique romaine. Son jour de fête est le 4 juin. Son prédécesseur en tant qu'évêque de Byzance était Probus, fils de Dometius, et Métrophane pourrait avoir été le fils de Probus.

Source

Patriarche de Constantinople
Évêque du IVe siècle


text:
"Thinking About You" is the first single from Norah Jones' 2007 album Not Too Late. It was her first single to enter the Billboard Hot 100 in 4 years, since "Don't Know Why".

Background and composition
Jones wrote "Thinking About You" in 1999 with Ilhan Ersahin, her then-bandmate in Wax Poetic. She said the song had "always been in the back of my mind", but she thought it was too much of a pop song for her and preferred if someone else were to record it.  She recorded a version of it for her second album, Feels like Home (2004), but according to her it sounded "too country-rock". According to the producer, she "found a way to make it work" during the recording of Not Too Late.

Critical reception
Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic picked the song among the best tracks on the album, calling it a "wonderful laid-back soul". Sia Michel from Entertainment Weekly called it a "safety-net single", with its sexy, cocktail-party swing, the tune could be her first real radio hit since 'Don't Know Why'." Neil Spencer from The Observer commented that the song "looks like a conscious attempt not to scare the punters." Tom Woods called it "a lovely pop song, with nostalgic lyrics." Tyler Fisher from Sputnikmusic commented that the song is "a western jazz hybrid in the truest sense, with very country-styled melodies from the organ and Wurlitzer, but the jazzy horn section provides great countermelodies."

Track listing

CD single
Europe
"Thinking About You"
"2 Men"
"Wish I Could"

Commercial release and chart performance
Released in the United States on December 5, 2006 (see 2006 in music), "Thinking About You" was one of the first songs by a major artist to be available for paid digital download in mp3 format. The single entered the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 at number eighty-two in early February 2007, becoming Jones's first chart entry since "Don't Know Why" (2002). It was also her second single to appear on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It peaked at number seventy in Germany.

Music video
The music video, directed by Ace Norton, was filmed on a soundstage at Steiner Studios in Brooklyn, New York with a cast of eight people, including Jones. According to videostatic.com, it contains elements from some of Norton's previous videos — for Peter Walker's "What Do I Know" (the "within the within" effect),  Death Cab for Cutie's "Someday You Will Be Loved" (the animated heart) and Death Cab for Cutie's "Crooked Teeth" (the Claymation). The video premiered on December 19, 2006.

Cover versions
Irma Thomas recorded the song for her 2008 album Simply Grand.  Jones performed as a guest pianist on the recording.

Charts

References

2006 singles
Norah Jones songs
Songs written by Norah Jones
2006 songs
Blue Note Records singles