text:
Warren Gamaliel Harding (1865. november 2. – 1923. augusztus 2.) az Amerikai Egyesült Államok 29. elnöke 1921. március 4-től haláláig. Életében Harding volt az egyik legnépszerűbb amerikai elnök, ám halála óta nevéhez fűződő több botrány került nyilvánosságra és tépázta meg történelmi megítélését, és ma az egyik legrosszabb amerikai elnökként tartják számon.

Harding szinte egész életét Ohióban töltötte. Karrierje a The Marion Star kisvárosi napilap megvásárlásával kezdett felemelkedni, amelyből Harding sikeres újságot csinált. 1899-ben megválasztották Ohio szenátusába, négy évvel később pedig kormányzóhelyettesnek. 1910-ben elvesztette az ohiói kormányzói választásokat, de 1914-ben bekerült az amerikai szenátusba. Az 1920-as elnökválasztás során Harding a Republikánus Párt színeiben indult, ám a jelöltállító gyűlésig nem tartották esélyes jelöltnek. A legesélyesebbnek tartott Leonard Wood tábornok nem tudta azonban megszerezni a konvenció delegáltjainak támogatását. Harding támogatása fokozatosan nőtt a delegáltak körében, akik a tizedik szavazás során végül Hardingot választották pártjuk elnökjelöltjének. A novemberi választáson toronymagas győzelmet aratott a demokrata James M. Cox és a szocialista Eugene V. Debs fölött. Megválasztásakor Harding lett az első hivatalban lévő szenátor, aki elnök lett.

Élete

Ifjúkora
Ohio államban született, szülei családi farmján, amely a Corsica nevet viselte. Apja, George Tryon Harding orvos volt. Anyját Phoebe Elizabeth Dickersonnak hívták. Őseit tekintve angolok, skótok, írek és hollandok leszármazottja volt. Egy állítólagos afrikai ős miatt, gyerekkorában "niggernek" csúfolták, ami egész életére kihatással volt. Barátságos és szívélyes emberként ismerték, ám sokak szerint ezen tulajdonságaival súlyos hibáit, gyengeségét és belső bizonytalanságát palástolta.

Az Ohio állambeli Central College-ban fejezte be tanulmányait, majd számos sikertelen munka (tanítás, jogi pálya) után újságíró lett. 1884-ben saját újságot vásárolt két barátjával. A Star című napilapot harminc éven át vezette. Már itt megmutatkozott gyengesége. A harminc év alatt egyetlenegy alkalmazottat sem bocsátott el szerkesztőségéből.

Családja
1891-ben házasodott meg. Felesége egy vezető bankár lánya,  Florence Mabel King lett, akit több nővel is megcsalt. Egyikük Carrie Phillips a család közös barátjának a felesége (levelezésüket dokumentálták is), a másik egy nála harmincegy évvel fiatalabb nő Nan Britton volt. Utóbbi egy Elzabeth Ann Blaesing nevű lánynak adott életet 1919-ben, és 1927-ben írott könyvében Hardingot nevezte meg apaként. Az apaságnak némileg ellentmondott, hogy Hardingnak sem feleségétől, sem korábbi szeretőjétől nem született gyermeke, és feltételezték nemzésképtelenségét. 2015-ben a Harding család leszármazottai megkeresték Britton unokáját, James Blaesinget, és DNS tesztet csináltattak. Az eredmények kimutatták, hogy Harding unokaöccsének lánya és fia Blaesing unokatestvérei, és bebizonyosodott, hogy Elizabeth valóban Harding vér szerinti gyereke volt. Ezen kívül Harding mostohaapja volt felesége előző házasságában született fiának, Marshall Eugene DeWolfe-nak.

Politikai pályafutása
1915-ben szülőállama (Ohio) szenátora lett, amely hivatalt 1921-ig töltötte be. Ebben a minősítésben nem tűnt túlzottan ki. Szónokként gyengének mutatkozott, bár állítólag ő nevezte el az alkotmány létrehozóit (köztük Washingtont) alapító atyáknak.

Amikor 1920-ban a Republikánus pártban , a politikai ellentétek miatt, egyik nevesebb jelölt sem tudta megszerezni a szükséges szavazati arányt, segítője, Daugherty támogatókat gyűjtve a chicagói Blackstone Hotelben megszavaztatta jelöltnek Hardingot. Ekkor hirdette meg a párt, az amerikanizmus jelszavát, melyet Boies Penrose pennsylvaniai szenátor az alábbiak szerint jellemzett:  "Átkozott legyek, ha tudom mi ez, de remekül lehet majd szavazatokat szerezni a választásokon."

Az elnökválasztások történetében Hardingot az eddigi legmagasabb aránnyal választották meg elnökké. A szavazatok 61%-át (16 143 407 népi és 404 elektori) kapta. Legfőbb ellenfele, a demokrata párti James Cox 35%-ot (9 130 328 népi, 127 elektori) ért el. Két kisebb riválisa, az akkor éppen börtönben lévő Eugene V. Debs (szocialista) és a farmer-munkáspárti Parley Christensen elenyésző eredményt ért el.

Harding kabinetje a következő tagokból állt:
Alelnök: Calvin Coolidge
Külügyminiszter: Charles Evans Hughes
Pénzügyminiszter: Andrew Mellon
Hadügyminiszter: John Weeks
Főügyész: Harry Daugherty
Postamester: Will Hays (1921-22), Hubert Work (1922-23), Harry New (1923)
Haditengerészeti miniszter: Edwin DenbyMezőgazdasági miniszter: Henry WallaceKereskedelmi miniszter: Herbert HooverKormányzatának legfontosabb külpolitikai sikereként a washingtoni konferenciát szokták említeni. A két évig (1921-22) tartó folyamat végén az Egyesült Államok, Nagy-Britannia, Franciaország, Japán és Olaszország aláírt egy tíz évre szóló megállapodást, amelyben korlátozták a haditengerészet fejlesztését. Szintén ezen a konferencián jött létre egy négyhatalmi (amerikai-brit-francia-japán), majd egy kilenchatalmi (az előzőek kiegészülve Belgiummal, Hollandiával, Portugáliával és Kínával) paktum, amelyben a következő tíz évre biztosították a Csendes-óceán békéjét.

Belpolitikájában az 1921-ben létrehozott Költségvetési Hivatallal ért el számottevő hatékonyságot. Ez működésének első évében másfél millió dollárt takarított meg. Továbbá személyesen intézett olyan dolgokat, mint az 1922-es évben megnyitott mezőgazdasági konferencia; a sztrájkoló szénbányászok szakszervezete és a munkaadók közötti tárgyalások. Ilyen téren kiemelkedő sikert a vasúti munkások sztrájkjánál ért el, ahol előbb a kongresszushoz fordult támogatásért, majd az igazságügyi minisztérium bevonásával sikerült a békés kiegyezést kieszközölnie. Elnökként Harding emelt szót elsőként délen a faji megkülönböztetés ellen. Az alabamai Birminghamban az alábbiakat fejtette ki:

Kormányzásának kudarcai közé sorolják, hogy például törvénybe akart iktatni egy lincselési törvényt, amellyel azonban a kongresszus és a szenátorok nem foglalkoztak. Szerencsétlen lépéssel megvétózta a volt katonáknak szánt rendkívüli osztalék törvényét. Ezzel szemben támogatta a szükség vámtörvényt, majd a Fordney-McCumber-féle vámtörvényt. Utóbbi soha nem látott mértékben növelte meg a kereskedelmi vámokat.

Kabinetjének rosszul megválasztott, korrupt tagjai Harry M. Daugherty főügyész, Albert B. Fall belügyminiszter nagyban hozzájárultak elnökségi kudarcaihoz. Utóbbi arról lett nevezetes, hogy az amerikai kabinet első olyan tagja volt aki korrupció miatt börtönbe került. Ennek oka az volt, hogy átadta magánvállalkozók részére az Elk Hillsen és a wyomingi Teapot Dome-ban felhalmozott, a haditengerészet részére szánt üzemanyagkészleteket, amelyekért hatalmas összegeket kapott. Daugherty – aki segítette Hardingot elfoglalni az elnöki széket – pedig vesztegetési pénzeket fogadott el. Irányában, 1923-ban Kongresszusban javaslatot tettek vád alá helyezésre. Ebben az évben Daugherty titkára Jesse Smith főbe lőtte magát. Hasonlóképpen cselekedett Charles Cramer a Veteránok Hivatalának főtanácsosa, akinek helyére Harding ugyancsak rosszul választotta meg azt Charles Forbest, aki magánszemélyek számára eladta a veteránok számára felhalmozott orvosi eszközöket és gyógyszereket.

 Halála
Mivel a kongresszus nem támogatta elképzelését, hogy Amerika csatlakozzon a Népszövetség nemzetközi törvényszékéhez, előadóútra indult a társadalom támogatásának megszerzése céljából, azonban már akkor is szívpanaszoktól és emésztési zavaroktól szenvedett és az utazás annyira kimerítette, hogy San Francisco Palace Hoteljében váratlanul meghalt. Mint később kiderült: halálos agyvérzés érte. Halálának okát sokan kétségbe vonták. Egyesek öngyilkosságot, mások idegenkezűséget (a felesége mérgezte meg) feltételeztek. Mindkettő változat hátterében az állt, hogy az elnök elkerülje a vád alá helyezést a kormányzati korrupció miatt. Ezen feltevésekre azonban nem találtak alátámasztó bizonyítékot. Helyét alelnöke, Calvin Coolidge foglalta el.

 Elődök és utódok

 Jegyzetek

 Források
 Andor László: Amerikai politika a 20. században'' (Változó Világ 21., Budapest, 1999)
Hahner Péter: Az Egyesült Államok elnökei, Maecenas kiadó, 2006

Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok elnökei
Anglo-amerikaiak
Skót-ír-amerikaiak
1865-ben született személyek
1923-ban elhunyt személyek
Ohio állam szenátorai


text:
Potschinok () ist eine russische Kleinstadt mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) in der Oblast Smolensk. Sie ist Verwaltungszentrum des gleichnamigen Rajons der Oblast.

Lage
Potschinok liegt gut 400 km westlich von Moskau am Rande des Smolensker Hügellandes, am Ufer des rechten Sosch-Nebenflusses Chmara. Die Entfernung zur nördlich gelegenen Gebietshauptstadt Smolensk beträgt rund 50 km, weitere benachbarte Städte sind Jelnja und Roslawl. Etwa 50 km südwestlich von Potschinok verläuft die Grenze zwischen Russland und Belarus.

Geschichte
Potschinok wurde 1868 als Stationssiedlung an der neu verlegten Eisenbahnlinie Roslawl–Smolensk angelegt. Der Ortsname entstammt einem in dieser Gegend zuvor bestandenen kleinen Dorf, dessen Name im Smolensker Gebiet als Dorfname sehr weit verbreitet ist. Im altrussischen Sprachgebrauch bedeutet er so viel wie "neu gegründete Siedlung".

Bis Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts entwickelte sich der Ort schnell zu einem Handelsumschlagsplatz für regionale landwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse. 1924 wurde Potschinok Rajonzentrum, und zwei Jahre später erfolgte die Stadternennung. Von Juli 1941 bis September 1943 war die Stadt im Zweiten Weltkrieg unter Kontrolle der deutschen Wehrmacht. In Potschinok lebten zu der Zeit 280 Juden, das war weniger als 10 % der Bevölkerung. Die Juden, die nicht fliehen konnten, wurden in einem Gebäude ghettoisiert und am 21. April 1942 ermordet.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Anmerkung: Volkszählungsdaten

Wirtschaft
Die gegenwärtige Industrielandschaft der Stadt beschränkt sich weitgehend auf Betriebe, die mit der Landwirtschaft und der Verarbeitung deren Erzeugnisse in Verbindung stehen.

Persönlichkeiten
 El Lissitzky (1890–1941), Maler, geboren in Potschinok
 Alexander Twardowski (1910–1971), Dichter, geboren nahe Potschinok

Literatur
 Pochinok, in: Guy Miron (Hrsg.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust. Jerusalem : Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5, S. 602

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Potschinok auf mojgorod.ru (russisch)
 Geschichte von Potschinok (russisch)
 Das Heimatmuseum von Potschinok (russisch)

Ort in der Oblast Smolensk
Gegründet 1868
Stadtrechtsverleihung 1926
Ghetto

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Integralne części wsi w Polsce
 Wg TERYT jest ich 2
 Gradów – część wsi Miłochowice w woj. dolnośląskim, w pow. milickim, w gminie Milicz
 Gradów – część wsi Wikcinek w  woj. mazowieckim, w pow. sochaczewskim, w gminie Nowa Sucha


text:
Queen's College (QC) is a coeducational institution located in Nassau, Bahamas, operating under the auspices of the Bahamas Conference of the Methodist Church. Founded in 1890, Queen's College is the oldest private school in the Bahamas.

Structure

Queen's College consists of three sections: the early learning centre, a primary school and a high school. The school offers Advanced Placement courses, A+ certification, Advanced Subsidiary courses, SAT II course, and MOUS (Microsoft Office User Specialist Certification) certificates.

History

In 1871, Queen's College opened its doors under the name The Bahamas Wesleyan Propriety Institution. The school's first principal was George Terry. From 1890 to 1925, the school continued under the guidance of S. B. Wilson and his successors, including Rev. Leonard Edge (1903–1908).

In 1925, Rev Richard P. Dyer took up the appointment as headmaster, a position he which held until 1959. Dyer was succeeded by Geoffrey Litherland (1959–64), Neville Stewart (1964–71), and Hayden Middleton (1971–79).

By the late 1960s, the school's population had grown to more than 2,000 students. The first Bahamian administrator of Queen's College, Yvonne Noronha, was appointed vice principal of the college and headmistress of the primary school in 1978. This was followed by the appointment of Charles Sweeting in 1979. Sweeting served as principal until 1993.

Vice Principal Philip Cash was appointed principal in 1993 and served until he died in June 1997. In November 1997, Andrea Gibson became the first woman principal and served until 2019. Virginia Minnis was appointed head of the early learning centre in September 1999 and was the first Bahamian to serve in this post.

The school's current principal is Rev Henry Knowles, who has held the position since 2019.

Sports

The Comets, the school sporting team, has won awards in basketball, volleyball, swimming, track & field, and soccer. For years, Queen's College has placed second in the Bahamas Association of Independent Secondary Schools (BAISS) Track and Field Championship. In 2015, the Comets secured their first victory over the St. Augustine's College (SAC) Big Red Machines, who were on a 20+ year winning streak.

Administration
As of 2014:

Principal: Ms. Andrea Gibson
Early Learning Centre Administration: Mrs. Virginia Minnis, Head of Section
Primary School Administration: Sylvia Beneby, Vice Principal, Head of Primary School, Angela Culmer, Deputy Head
Primary School Curriculum Coordinator: Alexia Tsavoussis
Early Years Curriculum Coordinator: Antja Humes
High School Administration: Shawn Turnquest, Vice Principal – Head of High School

House system

Queen's College has four houses: Dyer, Heath, King, and Rogers. This system is used primarily for student classification in sporting events and as a merit system up to the high school level. It is then used to place students into home room classes, where students remain until graduation. It is also used to decide which students go to BAISS.

Extra-curricular activities
Clubs and societies include but is not limited to:

 The SPARC (Students Pursuing Advanced Rigorous Courses) Programme
 The Student Christian Movement
 The Student Representative Council
 The Anchor Club
 The Key Club
 The Junior Cooperative Credit Union
 The Interact Club
 The Debating Society (encompassing The Model United Nations debate)
 The People to People International Student Chapter
 The Teacher Cadets Club
 The Modern Languages Club
 The Governor General's Youth Awards
 The Queen in Me Club
 The Drama Club
 The Chess Club
 The Guitar Club
 Feeding the 5000
 Cheerleading
 Band
 French Praise Team
 School Choir
 Junkanoo Squad

Through Queen's College's extra-curricular involvement, students have become involved with organizations such as Resources and Education for Autism and Related Challenges (REACH), the AIDS Foundation of the Bahamas, and the Special Olympics Committee of the Bahamas.

Students of the college have volunteered in improving the living conditions and recognition of hurricane victims.

Notable alumni
Durward Knowles, Olympic sailor
Sir Leonard Knowles, first Chief Justice of The Bahamas
Keva Eldon Bethel, educator
Mychal Thompson, NBA basketball player
Jackie Edwards, long jumper
Allison Martlew, musician
Culture, rapper/musician
Hon. Obie Wilchcombe, Member of Parliament, West End & Bimini
Hon. Glenys Hanna Martin, Member of Parliament, Englerston & Chairwoman, Progressive Liberal Party
Sen. Hon. Henry Alexander L. Storr, Senator, & Deputy chairman, Progressive Liberal Party

References

External links

 QC Alumni & Friends website
 QC PTA website

Schools in the Bahamas
Methodist schools in the Caribbean
Educational institutions established in 1890
Nassau, Bahamas
1890 establishments in the British Empire


text:
Dialekt joński – jeden z głównych dialektów klasycznego języka greckiego, rozpowszechniony w okresie klasycznym na obszarze południowo-zachodniej Azji Mniejszej (w historycznej Jonii), na Cykladach, Sporadach Północnych, Eubei, a także części wysp przybrzeżnych Azji Mniejszej, m.in. na Chios i Samos. W swoim wczesnym stadium zaświadczonych już w grece archaicznej okresu homeryckiego – obok dialektu eolskiego stanowi podstawę języka Iliady i Odysei. W okresie hellenistycznym był stopniowo wypierany przez grekę koine, stanowi substrat dla rozwiniętego z niej w okresie bizantyjskim języka pontyjskiego. W literaturze okresu klasycznego dialekt joński pojawia się m.in. w części dzieł Sofoklesa i Ajschylosa, a także utworach epickich i wczesnej historiografii (np. u Herodota), nawiązujących do greki homeryckiej. Najbardziej zbliżony do dialektu attyckiego, wraz z którym tworzy zespół jońsko-attycki.

Cechy charakterystyczne

Fonetyka
W zakresie fonetyki do charakterystycznych cech dialektu jońskiego należą między innymi:

 wymowa pierwotnego  (ā) konsekwentnie jak  (ē) (w przeciwieństwie do dialektu attyckiego także w przypadku tzw. a purum, to jest po  /e/,  /i/ oraz  /r/), np. joń.  (prēgmata), att.  (prágmata) – "sprawy". Analogicznie attyckie - (ai) w końcówkach fleksyjnych (z  purum) odpowiada jońskiemu  (ē), np. joń.  (ēmérē), att.  (hēmérai) – "dni" itp.
 zanik aspirowanych głosek, np.  (f/ph) →  (p):  (afiknéomai, att.  /afiknúmai/) →  (apiknéomai) – "przybywam" albo "dochodzę (do czegoś)"
 w większości przypadków przejście protogreckiej spółgłoski labiowelarnej // do // przed samogłoskami tylnymi (w dialekcie attyckim nastąpiło przejście w takim wypadku do //), np. joń.  (ókōs), att.  (hópōs) – "aby", "żeby"
 stopniowy zanik przydechu mocnego (spiritus asper): joń.  (íkkos), att.  (híppos) – "koń"

Od dialektu attyckiego dialekt joński odróżnia się ponadto między innymi wymową:

  (ō) często zamiast  (u), np. joń.  (ón), att.  ún – "więc"
  (u) często zamiast  (o), np. joń.  (únoma), att.  (ónoma) – "imię", "nazwa"
  (ss) zawsze zamiast  (tt), np. joń.  (glōssa), att.  (glōtta) – "język"

Gramatyka
Cechy charakterystyczne dialektu jońskiego w zakresie gramatyki:

 celownik liczby mnogiej I i II deklinacji przyjmuje końcówkę - (-si), np. joń.  (gnōmēsi), att.  (gnōmais) – "osądom", "opiniom"
 dopełniacz liczby mnogiej I deklinacji przyjmuje końcówkę - (-eōn) zamiast  (-ōn), np. joń.  (ēmeréōn), att.  (hēmerōn) – "(tych) dni"
 rzeczowniki III deklinacji z końcowym - (-is) w mianowniku przyjmują w dopełniaczu liczby pojedynczej końcówkę - (-ios), np. joń.  (pólios), att.  (póleōs) – "(tego) miasta".
 znacznie rzadsze użycie form kontrahowanych niż w dialekcie attyckim

Zobacz też
 dialekt attycki
 dialekt dorycki
 dialekt eolski
 dialekty arkadyjsko-cypryjskie
 język grecki
 język grecki klasyczny
 język nowogrecki

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Korusowie, Agnieszka i Kazimierz, Hellenike glotta. Podręcznik do nauki języka greckiego, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa–Kraków 1998

Dialekty języka greckiego


text:
David Kindt (1580 – 26 February 1652) was a German painter in the Baroque style; known primarily for portraits and religious works.

Biography
He was born in Hamburg. His father was the painter Johan, or Jan, Kindt (died 1608), who had fled from religious persecution in the Duchy of Brabant. Nothing is known of his childhood or education, although it is presumed that he learned painting from his father, and his early work is in the style of the Flemish Masters. By 1604, he was receiving orders from many of the notable families of Hamburg. The following year, he was given full Bürgerrechte and was married to Anna Lange, daughter of the Procurator fiscal, Johannes Lange. They had nine children, but only two survived into adulthood. One, Hieronymus (1612-1685), also became an artist, but his works have not been identified.

That same year, he was named a Master Of Painting and acquired his first apprentice; a young man named Leonhardt Schers (died 1650/51), about whom nothing is now known. In 1608, Schers broke his contract, resulting in litigation that dragged on until 1621. Kindt must have had a busy workshop, however, as he was able to support two other apprentices; Bastian Kerch, also forgotten, and Conradt (Cordt) Weyer (died 1628), who is known only from his address in municipal documents.

In 1613, he was commissioned to make two maps of the Elbe. The following year saw him involved in a restoration project at the Maria-Magdalenen-Kloster (now the ), where he worked on two paintings of Adolf IV of Holstein; one showing him in full armor and the other as a monk in a sarcophagus. He became a  in the Civil Guard in 1625. Four years later, he became an  (public spokesman) for the Painter's Guild.

In 1631, he received a commission for four life-size portraits of Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp and his wife, Duchess Marie Elisabeth of Saxony, which necessitated spending several months at Schloss Gottorf in Schleswig. He resigned the office of Bürgerkapitän in 1637, and that of Ältermann the following year. He owned several houses in Hamburg; one at what is now the Gerhart-Hauptmann-Platz.

He died in 1652 in Hamburg and was interred at St. Nicholas' Church, which was largely destroyed during World War II. In 1929, a street was named after him in the Barmbek-Nord district.

References

Further reading
 Alfred Lichtwark: "David Kindt" in Das Bildnis in Hamburg, Vol. 1, Kunstverein in Hamburg, 1898
 Harry Schmidt: "Der Hamburger Maler David Kindt". In: Zeitschrift des Vereins für Hamburgische Geschichte, Vol. 23, 1919 Online
 Harry Schmidt: "Noch einmal David Kindt". In: Zeitschrift des Vereins für Hamburgische Geschichte, Vol.29, 1928 Online
 Maike Bruhns: "Kindt, David". In: Der neue Rump. Lexikon der bildenden Künstler Hamburgs, Altonas und der näheren Umgebung, Wachholtz, Neumünster 2013

External links

 David Kindt @ Hamburger Persönlichkeiten, Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte

1580 births
1652 deaths
17th-century German painters
German portrait painters
German people of Flemish descent
Artists from Hamburg


text:
Eckart Suhl, född den 20 april 1943 i Hamburg, Tyskland, är en västtysk landhockeyspelare.

Han tog OS-guld i herrarnas landhockeyturnering i samband med de olympiska sommarspelen 1972 i München.

Referenser

Källor

Externa länkar
Sports-reference.com

Västtyska landhockeyspelare
Västtyska olympiska guldmedaljörer
Olympiska guldmedaljörer 1972
Tävlande vid olympiska sommarspelen 1968 från Västtyskland
Tävlande i landhockey vid olympiska sommarspelen 1968
Tävlande vid olympiska sommarspelen 1972 från Västtyskland
Tävlande i landhockey vid olympiska sommarspelen 1972
Män
Födda 1943
Levande personer
Idrottare från Hamburg


text:
Der Coupe d'Europe 1963/64 ist ein Dreiband-Mannschaftsturnier im Karambolagebillardsport. Die 6. Auflage fand vom 4. bis zum 7. Juni 1964 in Kiel statt.

Turniermodus
Gespielt wurde eine Finalrunde mit fünf Mannschaften.

Geschichte
Erstmals bei ihrer vierten Teilnahme gewann der B.V. Van den Brandt Waalwijk aus den Niederlanden den Coupe d'Europe.

Qualifikationsspiele für die Endrunde in Kiel

Finalrunde in Kiel

Abschlusstabelle 1963/64

1964
Coupe dEurope 1963/64
Billardturnier in Deutschland
Sportveranstaltung in Kiel


text:
Химе́нес () — муниципалитет в Мексике, штат Коауила, с административным центром в одноимённом городе. Численность населения, по данным переписи 2020 года, составила .

Общие сведения
Название Jiménez дано в честь одного из участников войны за независимость Мексики генерала .

Площадь муниципалитета равна 2201 км², что составляет 1,45 % от площади штата, а наивысшая точка — 402 метра, расположена в поселении Эль-Аламо.

Он граничит с другими муниципалитетами штата Коауилы: на севере с Акуньей, на юго-востоке с Пьедрас-Неграсом, на юге и западе с Сарагосой, а на востоке проходит государственная граница с США.

Учреждение и состав
Муниципалитет был образован в 1875 году, в его состав входит 114 населённых пунктов, самые крупные из которых:

Экономическая деятельность
По статистическим данным 2000 года, работоспособное население занято по секторам экономики в следующих пропорциях:
 сельское хозяйство, скотоводство и рыбная ловля — 25,5 %;
 промышленность и строительство — 55,7 %;
 торговля, сферы услуг и туризма — 18 %;
 безработные — 0,8 %.

Инфраструктура
По статистическим данным 2010 года, инфраструктура развита следующим образом:
 электрификация: 95,9 %;
 водоснабжение: 73,9 %;
 водоотведение: 71 %.

Фотографии

Источники

См. также
 Муниципалитеты Коауилы
 Портал:Мексика

Муниципалитеты Коауилы


text:
Li Jing, em chinês simplificado: 李敬, (23 de fevereiro de 1970) foi um ginasta que competiu em provas de ginástica artística pela China.

Li iniciou sua carreira competitiva em 1988, aos dezoito anos de idade, no Campeonato Nacional Chinês, no qual fora o quinto colocado. No mesmo evento do Pacific Championships, saiu-se campeão. No ano seguinte, participou de sua estreia mundial, no Campeonato de Stuttgart, na Alemanha. Nele, conquistou quatro medalhas: por equipes foi o terceiro colocado, no concurso geral, superado pelos soviéticos Igor Korobchinsky e Valentin Mogilny, foi o medalhista de bronze. Nos aparelhos, saiu-se vitorioso das barras paralelas e como o medalhista de bronze do cavalo com alças.

Em 1990, conquistou seis medalhas em uma etapa da Copa do Mundo de sete disputáveis. Nesse mesmo ano, estreou nos Jogos Asiáticos, na edição de Pequim. Na ocasião, foi o primeiro colocado do individual geral, ao superar o compatriota Li Xiaoshuang, e por equipes.

Entre 1991 e 1993, o ginasta somou mais seis medalhas as suas conquistas em edições do Campeonato Mundial e estreou em Olimpíadas, na edição espanhola de Barcelona, da qual saiu com duas medalhas de prata - equipe e argolas. Em 1994, participou de sua última competição antes da aposentadoria - Os Jogos Asiáticos de Hiroshima, no Japão, nos quais conquistou o ouro na disputa por equipes e o ouro da barra fixa, ao superar o companheiro de equipe Huang Liping.

Ver também
 Federação Internacional de Ginástica
 Outras biografias

Ligações externas

Ginastas artísticos da China


text:
Dukat is a fictional character from the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. A member of the fictional Cardassian species, he is introduced as the former overseer of the series' namesake space station but goes on to become the leader of his species' governing body, the Cardassian Union. At times an enemy while at others an ally of Benjamin Sisko, Dukat appears in 35 of the series' 176 episodes. He was portrayed by Marc Alaimo throughout. Dukat became a fan favorite among Star Trek fans and he is widely considered to be one of the most iconic villains in the Star Trek franchise.

Creation and role
The Cardassians were introduced to the Star Trek universe in the Next Generation episode "The Wounded". In that episode, Marc Alaimo played a Cardassian named Macet. While the similarities between Macet and Dukat were never explained when Dukat was cast for Deep Space Nine, the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine relaunch novel Demons of Air and Darkness features Macet, who explains to Kira Nerys, "Skrain Dukat was my cousin."

Dukat played a versatile role throughout the series and was often a nuanced character. In the words of Deep Space Nine co-executive producer Ronald D. Moore, "I don't think of him as being completely evil through and through ... He can be charming. He can be generous. He can do the right thing. All of that somehow makes his 'evil' actions all the more despicable, because we know that there was the potential in there for him to be a better person." Ultimately, despite the character's versatility, "Dukat is a bad guy. A very bad guy." Indeed, StarTrek.com describes him as "the most complex and fully developed villain in Star Trek history".

Appearances
Prior to the start of the series, Dukat held the military title of Legate (Admiral) and was the head of the Cardassian occupation government of the planet Bajor as well as commander of the Cardassian-built station originally named Terok Nor (which would become known as Deep Space Nine under the Federation). When the Cardassians are forced to withdraw, he is demoted to Gul (equivalent to Captain). Due to this background, Dukat's early appearances range from being anti-heroic to antagonistic. In his debut appearance in the pilot episode "Emissary", he takes a Cardassian warship to Deep Space Nine to demand from the new Starfleet-appointed commander Benjamin Sisko one of the recently discovered Orbs of the Bajoran Prophets.

In "Cardassians", Dukat is at the center of a conspiracy which his exiled Cardassian enemy Elim Garak and Dr. Julian Bashir are trying to unravel. In "Civil Defense" he tries to blackmail the crew of Deep Space Nine when they cannot disarm an accidentally-triggered Cardassian counter-insurgency program. He is allied with the main Starfleet characters against the Maquis rebels in "The Maquis" and "Defiant" and against the Klingons when they invade Cardassia in "The Way of the Warrior".

In the season 4 episode "Indiscretion", Kira Nerys accompanies Gul Dukat on a search for a lost Cardassian starship, where it is revealed he is trying to track down and kill his illegitimate half-Bajoran daughter Tora Ziyal. He ultimately resolves to take her home with him. The follow-up episode "Return to Grace" shows Dukat being disgraced with the Cardassian military as a result of this move, reduced to commanding a freighter with Ziyal and his deputy Damar. With Kira's help, Dukat commandeers a Klingon Bird Of Prey and sends his government their battle plans. When he hears that the Cardassian government still wants to negotiate with the Klingons, he decides to use his new ship to launch a one-man war against the Klingon Empire, leaving Ziyal with Kira at Deep Space Nine. In this capacity he helps Sisko, Miles O'Brien, Odo, and Worf infiltrate the Klingon Empire in the season five premiere "Apocalypse Rising".

Dukat's character returned to being a more antagonistic role in season five's "By Inferno's Light", where he is revealed to have negotiated Cardassia's joining The Dominion, becoming head of the Union's government in the process. He leads an invasion force which recaptures Deep Space Nine in the season finale "Call to Arms", effectively starting the Dominion War and retaking his old command.

Dukat loses the station again in the sixth season episode "Sacrifice of Angels", where Damar kills Ziyal in retaliation for having helped the Federation. Mentally broken, Dukat is easily captured by Starfleet. He escapes their custody when he and Sisko are marooned in "Waltz", during which Dukat experiences hallucinations of Kira, Damar, and Weyoun, comes to accept his hatred for the Bajorans, and swears vengeance on all Bajor before escaping. Toward this end, Dukat allies himself with—and is for a short time possessed by—the Pah-wraiths, archenemies of the Bajoran Prophets, and renders the latter's Orbs useless, killing series character Jadzia Dax in "Tears of the Prophets".

Dukat returns in season seven at the head of the cult of the Pah-wraiths in "Covenant", but he is quickly disgraced in front of his followers by Kira and goes into hiding again. In "Penumbra", he seeks Damar's help to find a surgeon to make him look like a Bajoran. In this guise, he convinces Kai Winn to join him in his efforts to free the Pah-wraiths from their imprisonment in the Bajoran Fire Caves in "Strange Bedfellows", even when she discovers his true identity in "The Changing Face of Evil." Their plan is put into action in the series finale "What You Leave Behind", where the Pah-wraiths choose him as their emissary instead of Winn. Sisko, emissary of the Prophets, arrives to stop him and at Winn's advice shoves himself, the Pah-wraiths' holy book, and Dukat into the burning fire caves, sealing Dukat in the Fire Caves with the Pah-wraiths forever.

Reception
In 2009, IGN ranked Dukat as the 15th best character of Star Trek overall, calling the character a complicated and nuanced "bad guy". They note the character's morality in "Indiscretion" as well as his introduction in the Deep Space Nine premiere, "Emissary".

In 2016, Screen Rant rated Dukat as the 8th best character in Star Trek overall as presented in television and film. Time magazine rated Gul Dukat the fourth best villain of the Star Trek franchise in 2016.

In 2018, CBR ranked Gul Dukat the 3rd best recurring character of all Star Trek.

References

External links

 Gul Dukat at StarTrek.com

Cardassians
Television characters introduced in 1993
Fictional cult leaders
Fictional dictators
Fictional warlords
Fictional mass murderers
Fictional rapists
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine characters
Fictional characters who have made pacts with devils


text:
The Idle Rich is a 1914 American silent film produced by Sid Films and distributed by Warner's Features. It was directed by Sidney Olcott with Valentine Grant and Arthur Donaldson in the leading roles.

Cast
 Valentine Grant
 Arthur Donaldson
 James Vincent
 Sidney Olcott

Production notes
The film was shot in Florida.

External links

 The Idle Rich website dedicated to Sidney Olcott

1914 films
American silent feature films
Films directed by Sidney Olcott
1914 drama films
American black-and-white films
Silent American drama films
1910s American films


text:
The Seattle Cup is a traveling trophy awarded to the winner of the annual men's college soccer match between Seattle University and the University of Washington. Washington leads the all-time series, 44–8–5. The cup was first awarded in 2016.

In the event of a draw, the cup remains in the possession of the school holding it prior to the match. The cup is presented to the winning team by the Washington Athletic Club and the 101 Club.

The rivalry has seen more media attention ever since Seattle U has reinstated its men's soccer program at the NCAA Division I level and has been competitive in the NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament.

Match results

See also
 Milwaukee Cup and Rowdies Cup, two similar city cup tournaments

References

College soccer rivalries in the United States
College soccer rivalry trophies in the United States
1967 establishments in Washington (state)
Recurring sporting events established in 1967
Seattle Redhawks men's soccer
Washington Huskies men's soccer
Soccer in Seattle


text:
Гран-при Австрии 1981 года — одиннадцатый этап чемпионата мира по автогонкам в классе Формула-1 сезона 1981 года. Прошёл на трассе Остеррайхринг в Австрии. Соревнования состоялись 16 августа 1981 года.

Гонка
В гонке приняли участие 24 гонщика из 28 заявившихся. Со старта лидерство захватил Жиль Вильнёв, но смог продержаться только один круг и сошёл на 11-м. Ален Прост пролидировал в гонке со 2 по 26 круг, на котором сошёл из-за поломки подвески. С 27 круга в лидеры вышел Рене Арну, но на 39 круге его обогнал Жак Лаффит и победил в гонке.

|}

 Поул: Рене Арну — 1:32,018
 Лучший круг: Жак Лаффит — 1:37,620

Примечания

Ссылки

Гран-при Австрии


text:
Lowline are an indie band from Manchester, England.

History
Lowline formed in their home town of Manchester in late 2007 releasing their first single "Monitors" through 1234 Records early 2008 with producer Owen Morris. Both "Monitors" and the follow up single "Sound Of Music" (also produced by Morris) reached number 6 in the UK Indie charts.

The band formed after a chance meeting at a fall show. With a similar predilection for Krautrock and post-punk including The Chameleons, The Clash and Echo and The Bunnymen, the band soon won a reputation as 'the black sheep' of the Manchester music scene – eschewing traditional venues preferring to set up their own shows in semi-derelict warehouses in Salford and Ancoats.  Lowline soon counted Morris as well as Mani and Nick McCabe among their supporters.

With two Morris-produced, self-released singles selling out by word of mouth, subsequent airplay by Radio One's Zane Lowe and Huw Stephens, as well as playlists on XFM and 6Music, tours with The Enemy, The Happy Mondays and The Charlatans followed as did a burgeoning interest from record labels. Left contemplating the band's future, the members collectively decided to leave the UK for a hectic touring schedule of Europe, the proceeds of which were used to finance recording themselves and on their own terms.

The band toured extensively across Europe and the UK before returning to Manchester to start their Deaf Radio label facilitating their own album release.

The band released their debut album Lowline in 2011 through their own label Deaf Radio. The album was recorded in Stockport and was produced by George Shilling. The album consists of 12 tracks and 2 bonus tracks-including a Jagz Kooner remix of opening track "Disko Killers".

Their track "Outside" taken from the album was made "Single of the Week" on iTunes in The United States helping the album climb to number 20 in iTunes USA Alternative chart and maintain a position in the top 30 for over a week. All this culminating in the band being named "iTunes USA Alternative Breakthrough Artist of the Year" for 2011.

Releases

Singles
 "Monitors" (1234 Records 2008)
 "Last Chance" (1234 Records 2008) B-Side
 "Sound Of Music" (1234 Records 2008)
 "Wait For Them to Run" (1234 Records 2008) B-Side
 "Gun In My Side" (1234 Records 2009)
 "Gun In My Side" (Joe & Will Ask? Remix) (1234 Records 2008) B-Side

Lowline (Album, 2011)
 Disko Killers
 Monitors
 All your Scars
 Here I Lie
 Blinded
 Outside
 Gun In My Side
 Lost Touch
 Army Of Youth
 Black Eye
 Sound Of Music
 Wait For Them To Run

 Bonus tracks
 Suicide
 Disko Killers (Jagz Kooner Remix)

The Howler (EP, 2013)
 The Howler
 Sally Sledgehammer
 My Head Explodes
 Bury My Soul (feat. Nick McCabe)
 Last One Standing

Reviews
 "More Manchester greats" NME
 "Another Manchester success story and their latest stars" The Sun
 "Arguably the most exciting new band to have emerged from Manchester in recent times." The Guardian

Lineup
 Robbie Rush (Guitar/Vocals)
 Andy Hewitt (Guitar/Backing Vocals)
 Mikey Hosker (Bass)
 Sam Clarke (Drums)

References

External links

 Live4Ever presents Lowline

British indie pop groups


text:
Événements
 Thomas Wedgwood apporte une contribution majeure à la technique photographique en proposant une méthode chimique visant à copier les images visibles sur un support permanent (il s'agit de recouvrir un papier d'une couche de nitrate d'argent, à l'exposer à la lumière ambiante avec l'objet à reproduire placé devant, puis à le conserver dans une chambre noire) ; le physicien Humphry Davy, ami de Wedgwood, publie un article détaillant cette procédure dans la revue de la Royal Institution à Londres.

Naissances
 8 avril : Jules Itier, photographe français, mort le .
 20 mai : David Octavius Hill, photographe écossais, mort le .
 25 juin : Sarah Louise Judd, photographe américaine, moret le .
 2 août : Louis Désiré Blanquart-Evrard, chimiste, imprimeur et photographe français, mort le .
 18 août : Félix-Jacques Moulin, photographe français, mort le .
 Vers 1802 :
 Lorenzo Suscipj, photographe italien, mort en .

Notes et références

Chronologie de la photographie
Photographie


text:
Linia kolejowa nr 569 – zelektryfikowana, jednotorowa linia kolejowa łącząca przystanek Radkowice z przystankiem Brzeziny.

Linia stanowi łącznicę między linią kolejową nr 8 a linią kolejową nr 73 i umożliwia przejazd pociągów z/do Sędziszowa w/z kierunku Nidy, bez konieczności zmiany czoła pociągu na stacji Sitkówka Nowiny.

Przypisy

Linie kolejowe w Polsce


text:
Spilosoma nigroundulata är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Nitzschke 1935. Spilosoma nigroundulata ingår i släktet Spilosoma och familjen björnspinnare. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Björnspinnare
nigroundulata


text:
Andrey Vasilyevich Balashov   (; 22 March 1946 – 21 October 2009) was a Russian sailor. He won a silver medal in the Finn class at the 1976 Summer Olympics and bronze medal in the same class at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

References
 Andrey Balashov's profile at Sports Reference.com

1946 births
2009 deaths
Sportspeople from Saint Petersburg
Russian male sailors (sport)
Soviet male sailors (sport)
Olympic sailors of the Soviet Union
Sailors at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Finn
Sailors at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Finn
Olympic silver medalists for the Soviet Union
Olympic bronze medalists for the Soviet Union
Olympic medalists in sailing
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics


text:
Cirrhilabrus apterygia — вид окунеподібних риб родини губаневих (Labridae).

Поширення
Вид поширений на сході Індійського океану на рифах Роулі і Скотта біля узбережжя Західної Австралії. Трапляється на глибині 30-40 м.

Опис
Дрібна рибка, завдовжки до 8 см. У нього відсутні черевні плавці. Самці мають довгий загострений хвіст.

Примітки

Губаневі
Тварини, описані 1983


text:
Генри ДюПре Лабушер (; 9 ноября 1831, Лондон — 15 января 1912, Флоренция) — английский политический деятель и публицист. Широко известен внесением Поправки Лабушера, или раздела 11 английского Акта 1885 года о поправках к уголовному законодательству, которая сделала возможным привлекать мужчин, уличенных даже в исключающем анализм гомосексуальном взаимодействии, к уголовной ответственности (поправка была отменена после принятия Акта о половых преступлениях 1967 года).

Биография
Родился 9 ноября 1831 года в Лондоне. Племянник политика и своего тёзки Генри Лабушера (1798—1869).

Недолго служил секретарем посольства.

С 1865 года по 1868 года и вновь с 1880 года член палаты общин, где занимал видное положение, как один из наиболее энергичных и блестящих представителей радикальной группы либеральной партии. Противник тройственного союза и горячий сторонник союза Англии с Францией, Лабушер не раз ставил в затруднительное положение консервативный кабинет лорда Солсбери, после того как последний с 1888 года стал обнаруживать тяготение к тройственному союзу.

В области внутренней политики Лабушер являлся убежденным и настойчивым проводником идеи вмешательства государства в сферу регулирования рабочего вопроса и демократических реформ в политическом строе Англии. Особенное впечатление производили речи Лабушера по вопросу о добавочном содержании принцам крови, а также серия его предложений в пользу коренной реформы верхней палаты.

Лабушер энергично поддерживал Чарльза Брэдлоу в его борьбе по вопросу о присяге и в 1889 году принимал деятельное участие в разоблачении подлога со стороны Пиггота в процессе издателя «Times» против Парнелля. Во время общих выборов 1892 года он способствовал торжеству гладстонианцев и при образовании кабинета Гладстона едва не сделался его членом. Неудача его приписывалась нежеланию королевы Виктории видеть Лабушера в составе министерства, хотя в эпоху газетных разоблачений по этому предмету Гладстон нашел нужным принять всецело на себя ответственность за непредоставление ему министерского портфеля.

С 1877 года редактировал и издавал газету «Truth» (Правда). Из более ранних произведений Лабушера особенное впечатление произвели письма его из Парижа в эпоху осады пруссаками, печатавшиеся в «Daily News».

В период войны с бурами в 1899—1902 годах был энергичным противником политики, приведшей к войне, выражал сочувствие бурам и желал им победы. Несмотря на ожесточенную агитацию против него, переизбран в 1900 году в палату общин. Объявил, что на выборах 1906 года своей кандидатуры не выставит.

Последние годы жил во Флоренции. Умер 15 января 1912 года.

Примечания

Литература
 Э. Пименова. «Политические вожди современной Англии» (СПб., 1904).

Источник

Выпускники Кембриджского университета
Выпускники Тринити-колледжа (Кембридж)
Политики по алфавиту
Государственные деятели Великобритании


text:
Cephalorrhynchus és un gènere de plantes amb flor de la família de les asteràcies.

Taxonomia
 Cephalorrhynchus albiflorus
 Cephalorrhynchus aucheri
 Cephalorrhynchus brassicifolius
 Cephalorrhynchus candolleanus
 Cephalorrhynchus chitralensis
 Cephalorrhynchus confertus
 Cephalorrhynchus cypricus
 Cephalorrhynchus freyniana
 Cephalorrhynchus glandulosus
 Cephalorrhynchus gorganicus
 Cephalorrhynchus hispidus
 Cephalorrhynchus kirpicznikovii
 Cephalorrhynchus kossinskyi
 Cephalorrhynchus kotschyi
 Cephalorrhynchus microcephalus
 Cephalorrhynchus picridiformis
 Cephalorrhynchus polycladus
 Cephalorrhynchus rechingeranus
 Cephalorrhynchus saxatilis
 Cephalorrhynchus soongoricus
 Cephalorrhynchus subplumosus
 Cephalorrhynchus takhtadzhianii
 Cephalorrhynchus talyschensis
 Cephalorrhynchus tuberosus

Referències

Enllaços externs
 Asteraceae
 Flora of Iran
 Imatges - Flora of Israel

Cicòries


text:
The Council of Constance was a Roman Catholic Ecumenical Council held between 1414-1418 in the town of Constance in southern Germany. It marked the ending of the western schism that had plagued the church for the previous decades when the church was divided between two rival claimants to the papacy, one in Rome and the other in Avignon. The council was held largely to resolve this dispute. On the same occasion, however, it also discussed the writings and preachings of John Wycliffe and Jan Hus, both of whom were condemned by the council.

The Council enacted a number of canons that were henceforth included in the church's canon law, which punished Catholics with excommunication if they subscribed to various heresies named at the Council. These canons remained in legal force for centuries; the modern code of canon law replaced them.

Excommunications related to John Wycliffe's writings
 any Catholic who preaches, teaches or holds to the teachings of the books of John Wycliffe
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: '1. Just as Christ is God and man at the same time, so the consecrated host is at the same time the body of Christ and true bread. For it is Christ's body at least in figure and true bread in nature; or, which comes to the same thing, it is true bread naturally and Christ's body figuratively.'
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: '2. Since heretical falsehood about the consecrated host is the most important point in individual heresies, I therefore declare to modern heretics, in order that this falsehood may be eradicated from the church, that they cannot explain or understand an accident without a subject. And therefore all these heretical sects belong to the number of those who ignore the fourth chapter of John: We worship what we know.'
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 3.  'I boldly foretell to all these sects and their accomplices that even by the time Christ and all the church triumphant come at the final judgment riding at the trumpet blast of the angel Gabriel, they shall still not have proved to the faithful that the sacrament is an accident without a subject.'
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 4. Just as John was Elias in a figurative sense and not in person, so the bread on the altar is Christ's body in a figurative sense. And the words, This is my body, are unambiguously figurative, just like the statement "John is Elias".
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 5. The fruit of this madness whereby it is pretended that there can be an accident without a subject is to blaspheme against God, to scandalise the saints and to deceive the church by means of false doctrines about accidents.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 6. Those who claim that the children of the faithful dying without sacramental baptism will not be saved, are stupid and presumptuous in saying this.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 7. The slight and short confirmation by bishops, with whatever extra solemnised rites, was introduced at the devil's suggestion so that the people might be deluded in the church's faith and the solemnity and necessity of bishops might be believed in the more.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 8. As for the oil with which bishops anoint boys and the linen cloth which goes around the head, it seems that this is a trivial rite which is unfounded in scripture; and that this confirmation, which was introduced after the apostles, blasphemes against God.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 9. Oral confession to a priest, introduced by Innocent [33 ] , is not as necessary to people as he claimed. For if anyone offends his brother in thought, word or deed, then it suffices to repent in thought, word or deed.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 10. It is a grave and unsupported practice for a priest to hear the confessions of the people in the way that the Latins use.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 11. In these words, You are clean, but not all are, the devil has laid a snare of the unfaithful ones in order to catch the Christian's foot. For he introduced private confession, which cannot be justified, and after the person's malice has been revealed to the confessor, as he decreed in the law, it is not revealed to the people.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 12. It is a probable conjecture that a person who lives rightly is a deacon or a priest. For just as I infer that this person is John, so I recognise by a probable conjecture that this person, by his holy life, has been placed by God in such an office or state.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 13. The probable evidence for such a state is to be taken from proof provided by the person's deeds and not from the testimony of the person ordaining him. For God can place someone in such a state without the need of an instrument of this kind, no matter whether the instrument is worthy or unworthy. There is no more probable evidence than the person's life. Therefore, if there is present a holy life and catholic doctrine, this suffices for the church militant. (Error at the beginning and at the end.)
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 14. The bad life of a prelate means that his subjects do not receive orders and the other sacraments. They can receive them from such persons, however, when there is urgent need, if they devoutly beseech God to supply on behalf of his diabolical ministers the actions and purpose of the office to which they have bound themselves by oath.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 15. People of former times would copulate with each other out of desire for temporal gain or for mutual help or to relieve concupiscence, even when they had no hope of offspring; for they were truly copulating as married persons.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 16. The words, I will take you as wife, are more suitable for the marriage contract than, I take you as wife. And the first words ought not to be annulled by the second words about the present, when someone contracts with one wife in the words referring to the future and afterwards with another wife in those referring to the present.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 17. The pope, who falsely calls himself the servant of God's servants, has no status in the work of the gospel but only in the work of the world. If he has any rank, it is in the order of demons, of those who serve God rather in a blameworthy way.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 18. The pope does not dispense from simony or from a rash vow, since he is the chief simoniac who rashly vows to preserve, to his damnation, his status here on the way. (Error at the end.)
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 19. That the pope is supreme pontiff is ridiculous. Christ approved such a dignity neither in Peter nor in anyone else.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 20. The pope is antichrist made manifest. Not only this particular person but also the multitude of popes, from the time of the endowment of the church, of cardinals, of bishops and of their other accomplices, make up the composite, monstrous person of antichrist. This is not altered by the fact that Gregory and other popes, who did many good and fruitful things in their lives, finally repented.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 21. Peter and Clement, together with the other helpers in the faith, were not popes but God's helpers in the work of building up the church of our lord Jesus Christ.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 22. To say that papal pre-eminence originated with the faith of the gospel is as false as to say that every error arose from the original truth.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 23. There are twelve procurators and disciples of antichrist: the pope, cardinals, patriarchs, archbishops, bishops, archdeacons, officials, deans, monks, canons with their two-peaked hats, the recently introduced pseudo-friars, and pardoners.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 24. It is clear that whoever is the humbler, of greater service to the church, and the more fervent in Christ's love towards his church, is the greater in the church militant and to be reckoned the most immediate vicar of Christ.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 25. Whoever holds any of God's goods unjustly, is taking the things of others by rapine, theft or robbery.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 26. Neither the depositions of witnesses, nor a judge's sentence, nor physical possession, nor inheritance, nor an exchange between persons, nor a gift, nor all such things taken together, confer dominion or a right to anything upon a person without grace. (An error, if it is understood as referring to sanctifying grace.)
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 27. Unless the interior law of charity is present, nobody has more or less authority or righteousness on account of charters or bulls. We ought not to lend or give anything to a sinner so long as we know that he is such, for thus we would be assisting a traitor of our God.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 28. Just as a prince or a lord does not keep the title of his office while he is in mortal sin, except in name and equivocally, so it is with a pope, bishop or priest while he has fallen into mortal sin.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 29. Everyone habitually in mortal sin lacks dominion of any kind and the licit use of an action, even if it be good in its kind.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 30. It is known from the principles of the faith that a person in mortal sin, sins mortally in every action.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 31. In order to have true secular dominion, the lord must be in a state of righteousness. Therefore, nobody in mortal sin is lord of anything.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 32. All modern religious necessarily become marked as hypocrites. For their profession demands that they fast, act and clothe themselves in a particular way, and thus they observe everything differently from other people.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 33. All private religion as such savours of imperfection and sin whereby a person is indisposed to serve God freely.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 34. A private religious order or rule savours of a blasphemous and arrogant presumption towards God. And the religious of such orders dare to exalt themselves above the apostles by the hypocrisy of defending their religion.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 35. Christ does not teach in scripture about any kind of religious order in antichrist's chapter. Therefore, it is not his good pleasure that there should be such orders. The chapter is composed, however, of the following twelve types: the pope, cardinals, patriarchs, archbishops, bishops, archdeacons, officials, deans, monks, canons, friars of the four orders, and pardoners.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 36. I infer as evident from the faith and works of the four sects—which are the caesarean clergy, the various monks, the various canons, and the friars-that nobody belonging to them is a member of Christ in the catalogue of the saints, unless he forsakes in the end the sect which he stupidly embraced.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 37. Paul was once a pharisee but abandoned the sect for the better sect of Christ, with his permission. This is the reason why cloistered persons, of whatever sect or rule, or by whatever stupid vow they may be bound, ought freely to cast off these chains, at Christ's command, and freely join the sect of Christ.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 38. It is sufficient for the laity that at some times they give tithes of their produce to God's servants. In this way they are always giving to the church, even if not always to the caesarean clergy deputed by the pope or by his dependents.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 39. The powers that are claimed by the pope and the other four new sects are pretended and were diabolically introduced in order to seduce subjects; such are excommunications by caesarean prelates, citations, imprisoning, and the sale of money rents.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 40. Many simple priests surpass prelates in such power. Indeed, it appears to the faithful that greatness of spiritual power belongs more to a son who imitates Christ in his way of life than to a prelate who has been elected by cardinals and similar apostates.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 41. The people may withhold tithes, offerings and other private alms from unworthy disciples of Christ, since God's law requires this. The curse or censure imposed by antichrist's disciples is not to be feared but rather is to be received with joy. The lord pope and bishops and all religious or simple clerics, with titles to perpetual possession, ought to renounce them into the hands of the secular arm. If they stubbornly refuse, they ought to be compelled to do so by the secular lords.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 42. There is no greater heretic or antichrist than the cleric who teaches that it is lawful for priests and levites of the law of grace to be endowed with temporal possessions. The clerics who teach this are heretics or blasphemers if ever there were any.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 43. Temporal lords not only can take away goods of fortune from a church that is habitually sinning, nor is it only lawful for them to do so, but indeed they are obliged to do so under pain of eternal damnation.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 44. God does not approve that anyone be judged or condemned by civil law.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 45. If an objection is made against those who oppose endowments for the church, by pointing to Benedict, Gregory and Bernard, who possessed few temporal goods in poverty, it may be said in reply that they repented at the end. If you object further that I merely pretend that these saints finally repented of their falling away from God's law in this way, then you may teach that they are saints and I will teach that they repented at the end.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 46. If we ought to believe in sacred scripture and in reason, it is clear that Christ's disciples do not have the authority to exact temporal goods by means of censures, and those who attempt this are sons of Eli and of Belial.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 47. Each essence has one suppositum, following which another suppositum, equal to the first, is produced. This is the most perfect immanent action possible to nature.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 48. Each essence, whether corporeal or incorporeal, is common to three supposita; and the properties, the accidents and the operations inhere in common in all of them.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 49. God cannot annihilate anything, nor increase or diminish the world, but he can create souls up to a certain number, and not beyond it.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 50. It is impossible for two corporeal substances to be co-extensive, the one continuously at rest in a place and the other continuously penetrating the body of Christ at rest.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 51. Any continuous mathematical line is composed of two, three or four contiguous points, or of only a simply finite number of points; and time is, was and will be composed of contiguous instants. It is not possible that time and a line, if they exist, are composed of in this way. (The first part is a philosophical error, the last part is an error with regard to God's power.)
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 52. It must be supposed that one corporeal substance was formed at its beginning as composed of indivisibles, and that it occupies every possible place.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 53. Every person is God.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 54. Every creature is God.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 55. Every being is everywhere, since every being is God.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 56. All things that happen, happen from absolute necessity.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 57. A baptised child foreknown as damned will necessarily live long enough to sin in the holy Spirit, wherefore it will merit to be condemned for ever. Thus no fire can burn the child until that time or instant.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 58. I assert as a matter of faith that everything that will happen, will happen of necessity. Thus if Paul is foreknown as damned, he cannot truly repent; that is, he cannot cancel the sin of final impenitence by contrition, or be under the obligation not to have the sin.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 1. The material substance of bread, and similarly the material substance of wine, remain in the sacrament of the altar.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 2. The accidents of bread do not remain without their subject in the said sacrament.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 3. Christ is not identically and really present in the said sacrament in his own bodily persona.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 4. If a bishop or a priest is in mortal sin, he does not ordain or confect or consecrate or baptise.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 5. That Christ instituted the mass has no basis in the gospel.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 6. God ought to obey the devil.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 7. If a person is duly contrite, all exterior confession is superfluous and useless for him.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 8. If a pope is foreknown as damned and is evil, and is therefore a limb of the devil, he does not have authority over the faithful given to him by anyone, except perhaps by the emperor.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 9. Nobody should be considered as pope after Urban VI. Rather, people should live like the Greeks, under their own laws.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 10. It is against sacred scripture for ecclesiastics to have possessions.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 11. No prelate should excommunicate anyone unless he first knows that the person has been excommunicated by God; he who does so thereby becomes a heretic and an excommunicated person.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 12. A prelate excommunicating a cleric who has appealed to the king or the king's council is thereby a traitor to the king and the kingdom.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 13. Those who stop preaching or hearing the word of God on account of an excommunication issued by men are themselves excommunicated and will be regarded as traitors of Christ on the day of judgment.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 14. It is lawful for any deacon or priest to preach the word of God without authorisation from the apostolic see or from a catholic bishop.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 15. Nobody is a civil lord or a prelate or a bishop while he is in mortal sin.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 16. Secular lords can confiscate temporal goods from the church at their discretion when those who possess them are sinning habitually, that is to say sinning from habit and not just in particular acts.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 17. The people can correct sinful lords at their discretion.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 18. Tithes are purely alms, and parishioners can withhold them at will on account of their prelates' sins.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 19. Special prayers applied by prelates or religious to a particular person avail him or her no more than general prayers, if other things are equal.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 20. Whoever gives alms to friars is thereby excommunicated.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 21. Whoever enters any religious order whatsoever, whether it be of the possessioners or the mendicants, makes himself less apt and suitable for the observance of God's commands.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 22. Saints who have founded religious orders have sinned in so doing.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 23. Members of religious orders are not members of the Christian religion.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 24. Friars are bound to obtain their food by manual work and not by begging
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 25. All are simoniacs who bind themselves to pray for people who help them in temporal matters.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 26. The prayer of someone foreknown as damned profits nobody.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 27. All things happen from absolute necessity.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 28. Confirming the young, ordaining clerics and consecrating places have been reserved to the pope and bishops because of their greed for temporal gain and honour.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 29. Universities, places of study, colleges, degrees and academic exercises in these institutions were introduced by a vain pagan spirit and benefit the church as little as does the devil.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 30. Excommunication by a pope or any prelate is not to be feared since it is a censure of antichrist.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 31. Those who found religious houses sin, and those who enter them belong to the devil.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 32. It is against Christ's command to enrich the clergy.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 33. Pope Silvester and the emperor Constantine erred in endowing the church.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 34. All the members of mendicant orders are heretics, and those who give them alms are excommunicated.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 35. Those who enter a religious or other order thereby become incapable of observing God's commands, and consequently of reaching the kingdom of heaven, unless they leave them.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 36. The pope with all his clerics who have property are heretics, for the very reason that they have property; and so are all who abet them, namely all secular lords and other laity.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 37. The Roman church is Satan's synagogue; and the pope is not the immediate and proximate vicar of Christ and the apostles.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 38. The decretal letters are apocryphal and seduce people from Christ's faith, and clerics who study them are fools.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 39. The emperor and secular lords were seduced by the devil to endow the church with temporal goods.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 40. The election of a pope by the cardinals was introduced by the devil.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 41. It is not necessary for salvation to believe that the Roman church is supreme among the other churches.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 42. It is ridiculous to believe in the indulgences of popes and bishops.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 43. Oaths taken to confirm civil commerce and contracts between people are unlawful.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 44. Augustine, Benedict and Bernard are damned, unless they repented of having owned property and of having founded and entered religious orders; and thus they are all heretics from the pope down to the lowest religious.
 all Catholics who subscribe to this article of John Wycliffe: 45. All religious orders alike were introduced by the devil.

Other Excommunications
 anyone who, while attending the council, uses idle stories, jokes, engages in stubborn disputes or raises his voice too loudly is punished with a 3-day excommunication
 any priest who offers the Eucharist under both species (bread and wine) to laypersons is excommunicated  (at this time period, only the bread was offered to laity, see article Communion under both kinds)
 any person, even should he be a cardinal or a pope, is automatically excommunicated if he engages in simony by buying a position in the church

References

Excommunication


text:
El triángulo mediano de un triángulo (de referencia), es aquel cuyos lados son iguales y paralelos a las medianas de su triángulo de referencia. El área del triángulo mediano es  del área de su triángulo de referencia, y el triángulo mediano del triángulo mediano es semejante al triángulo de referencia del primer triángulo mediano con un factor de escala de .

Referencias

Bibliografía
Roger A. Johnson: Advanced Euclidean Geometry. Dover 2007, , pp. 282–283
Claudi Alsina, Roger B. Nelsen: Charming Proofs: A Journey Into Elegant Mathematics. MAA, 2010, , p. 165
Árpad Bényi, Branko Ćurgus: "Outer Median Triangles". In: Mathematics Magazine, Vol. 87, No. 3 (June 2014), pp. 185–194 (JSTOR)

Enlaces externos

Tipos de triángulos


text:
Corruption in Vietnam is pervasive and widespread, due to weak legal infrastructure, financial unpredictability, and conflicting and negative bureaucratic decision-making. Surveys reveal that while petty corruption has decreased slightly throughout the country, high-level corruption has significantly increased as a means of abuse of political power. Corruption is a very significant problem in Vietnam, impacting all aspects of administration, education and law enforcement.

Vietnam is an authoritarian one-party state under the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV). The party claims that corruption has moved up the political agenda in the country, and the legal framework for tackling corruption has become "better developed". However, political academics have cited that such efforts are likely a cover for a political purge between factions of the party.

Vietnam also scores one of the highest rates in terms of bribery practices – the rate citizens have paid a bribe to key public institutions over the past 12 months, at 65%, is second only to India with 69%. Corruption is considered an obstacle for doing business in Vietnam, and the use of facilitation payments are widespread when dealing with frontline civil servants in all levels of society.

Ranking
Transparency International's 2021 Corruption Perception Index ranks the country 87th out of 180 countries with a score of 39/100, where a lower score corresponds to a widespread perception of corruption in the public sector. It is below average for the region.

Pervasiveness of corruption in Vietnam
Vietnam is a developing country of about 96 million people. Due to the international view of corruption in Vietnam, in 2020, foreign direct investment (FDI) in Vietnam stands at only US$28.5 billion, far below its ASEAN neighbours.

Anti-corruption efforts
The Vietnamese government has claimed that it has taken efforts to combat corruption, although its effects remain to be seen.

Officials implicated by the anti-corruption campaigns in Vietnam
 Đinh La Thăng: former Minister of Transport, former Communist Party Secretary of Ho Chi Minh City, and former member of the Politburo.
 Nguyễn Đức Chung: former Major General of the Vietnam People's Public Security and Vietnamese politician. He is a former Chairman of the Hanoi People's Committee.
 Nguyễn Thanh Long: Minister of Health from July 2020 to his removal from the Communist Party of Vietnam in June 2022 for involvement in the Việt Á corruption scandal.
 Trịnh Xuân Thanh: Former Vietnamese politician and businessman. He is the former head of the state-owned Petrovietnam Construction Joint Stock Corporation (a subsidiary of Petrovietnam), and the former Deputy-Chairman of the Provincial People's Committee of Hậu Giang.
 Nguyễn Xuân Phúc: Former President of Vietnam implacated in the Việt Á scandal. Resigned on January 23 2023
 Dương Bá Thanh Dân: Director of the Department of Medical Supplies at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, in the Southeastern Province of Ninh Thuan, and his employee Nguyễn Đăng Đức.
 Đào Hữu Long: Director of Thua Thien Hue Provincial Registration Center.

See also

 PMU 18 scandal
 Việt Á scandal
 Crime in Vietnam

References

External links
 Vietnam Corruption Profile from the Business Anti-Corruption Portal

Vietnam
Politics of Vietnam
Crime in Vietnam by type
Society of Vietnam


text:
Ercole Graziani l'Aîné, dit Ercolino, né en 1651 à , une frazione de Budrio et mort le  à Bologne, est un peintre et graveur baroque italien.

Biographie
Ercole Graziani naît près de Bologne en 1651, dans le village de Mezzolara. Il devient un peintre de sujets religieux et travaille notamment à Rome, à la basilique Sainte-Marie-Majeure, et à Florence, où il réalise les peintures sur la façade du dôme de la cathédrale Santa Maria del Fiore. À Bologne, il travaille aux palais Pepoli et , tandis qu'il travaille sur le Palazzo Orazio à Venise. Il est connu pour avoir réalisé le blason sur les portiques de nombreux palais.

Il n'est pas un parent ou de la famille d'Ercole Graziani le Jeune, peintre né en 1688 et mort en 1765. Il a comme élève Carlo Giuseppe Carpi.

Œuvres
Avec Giuseppe Maria Mazza, il décore les alcoves du Palazzo Bianconcini en 1704.

La Libération de saint Pierre, huile sur toile, , vendue par Christie's en 2000 pour  (USD).

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Liste de peintres italiens

Bibliographie
 .

Liens externes

Peintre italien du XVIIIe siècle
Peintre italien du XVIIe siècle
Peintre baroque italien
Graveur italien du XVIIIe siècle
Graveur italien du XVIIe siècle
Graveur baroque
Naissance en 1651
Naissance à Budrio
Naissance dans les États pontificaux
Décès en juin 1726
Décès à Bologne
Décès dans les États pontificaux


text:
Corneilhan è un comune francese di 1.607 abitanti situato nel dipartimento dell'Hérault nella regione dell'Occitania.

Società

Evoluzione demografica

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Comuni dell'Hérault


text:
John Bubenheim Bayard (11 August 1738 – 7 January 1807) was a merchant, soldier, and statesman from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He achieved the rank of colonel while serving with the Continental Army, and was a delegate for Pennsylvania to the Congress of the Confederation in 1785 and 1786. Later he was elected as mayor of New Brunswick, New Jersey.

Early life
John Bubenheim Bayard was born on 11 August 1738 to James Bayard (1717–1780) and the former Mary Asheton (b. ca. 1715) at Bohemia Manor, Cecil County, Maryland.  He had a twin brother, James Asheton Bayard (1738–1770).

Their father James was the youngest son of Samuel Bayard (1675–1721), who was born in New Amsterdam, and Susanna Bouchelle (1678–1750), both of French Huguenot ancestry. James Bayard was educated at West Nottingham Academy under the tutelage of the Rev. Samuel Finley, who later became the 5th President of Princeton University.

Family
Bayard's paternal line were French Huguenots who escaped France through the Netherlands. His 2x great-grandfather, Samuel Bayard (d. ca. 1647), the son of the Rev. Balthazar Bayard, married Ann Stuyvesant, the daughter of the Rev. Balthazar Stuyvesant, in the Netherlands in 1638.  After Samuel Bayard's death, she brought their four children, of which Petrus Bayard (d. 1690), John Bayard's great-grandfather, was the eldest, to New Netherland with her brother Peter Stuyvesant in 1647. In 1698, John Bayard's grandfather, Samuel Bayard (1675–1721), moved to Maryland and established a plantation known as Bohemia Manor in Cecil County. It remained the seat of the family for several generations of the Bayard family.

Career
In 1755, John Bayard moved to Philadelphia and became a merchant. He entered the business world in the counting-room of a merchant, John Rhea. He began making his own investments in shipping voyages, prospered, and became one of the leaders in the merchant community. When he joined his own firm, it was named Hedge & Bayard. In 1765 Bayard signed the non-importation agreement in protest of the Stamp Act, even though it hurt his own business. By 1766, he had become one of the leaders of the Philadelphia Sons of Liberty.

Revolutionary War
Bayard was elected to the convention of Pennsylvania in July 1774, and re-elected in 1775. This group was originally the revolutionary counter to the official assembly, but eventually replaced it as the legislature for the new government. When regiments were raised for the defense of Philadelphia in 1775, Bayard became Colonel of the second regiment. In 1776, when the convention had become a constitutional assembly, he was named to the Committee of Safety. In March 1777, he became a member of the state's Board of War, and the Speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly, and was re-elected in 1778.

In the meantime, Hedge & Bayard was contracted with the Continental Congress to supply the Continental Army. Bayard fitted out a ship sent out as a privateer. But, in the fall of 1777, the British occupied Philadelphia. Bayard moved his family to a farm at Plymouth. After getting them settled, he took to the field with his regiment. They fought at the Battles of Brandywine, Germantown, and Princeton. Bayard was cited by General Washington for his gallant leadership in the Battle of Princeton.

In 1781, Bayard became head of the Board of War, and as such joined the state's Executive Council. Under Pennsylvania's 1776 constitution this was a kind of combination of the roles of a governor's cabinet and the state Senate. In 1785 he was elected to the Congress of the Confederation, the successor of the Continental Congress. He served there in 1785 and 1786, attending their meetings in New York, then the temporary seat of government. In 1787, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.

Later life
By 1788, Bayard had settled most of the debts he had run up during the war. He was forced to sell the estate in Maryland to another branch of the family, and closed down his Philadelphia business. He built a new home in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and moved there in the expectation of retiring. But in 1790, he was elected mayor of New Brunswick. Then, for many of his remaining years he sat as the judge in the court of common pleas for Middlesex County. He died at home in New Brunswick, New Jersey, on January 7, 1807, and is buried in the First Presbyterian Churchyard there.

Personal life
In 1759, he married Margaret Hodge (1740–1780), the daughter of Andrew Hodge (1711–1789), sister of Andrew Hodge and Hugh Hodge, and the aunt of Rev. Charles Hodge (1797–1878), in Philadelphia. Before her death in 1780, the couple had several children, including:

 James Ashton Bayard (1760–1788), who graduated from Princeton in 1781, and who married to Eliza Rodgers, daughter of Dr. John Rodgers, a trustee of Princeton from 1765 to 1807.
 Andrew Bayard (1762–1833), who graduated from Princeton in 1779, and who married a daughter of Col. Charles Pettit
 John Murray Bayard (1766–1823), who married Margaret Carrick.
 Samuel Bayard (1766–1840), who graduated from Princeton in 1784, and who married Martha Pintard, daughter of Lewis Pintard and Susan Stockton (sister of Richard Stockton)
 Jane Bayard (1772–1851), who married Andrew Kirkpatrick (1756–1831)
 Nicholas Serl Bayard (1774–1821), who in 1798 married Anna Livingston Bayard (d. 1802), the daughter of Nicholas Bayard (1736–1798) and Catherine Livingston (1743–1775). The latter was the daughter of Peter Van Brugh Livingston and his wife. After Anna's death in 1802, he married Esther McIntosh, the daughter of Gen. Lachlan McIntosh and the former Sarah Threadcraft.
 Margaret Bayard (1778–1844), who married Samuel Harrison Smith (1772–1845) in 1800 and became a published writer. She is best known for her posthumously published memoir, The First Forty Years of Washington Society (1906), drawn from her letters to family and friends.
 Anna Bayard (1779–1869), who married Samuel Boyd.

The household was enlarged after the couple adopted the three orphaned children of John's twin brother, James Asheton Bayard I (1738–1770). He had married Margaret Hodge's sister Ann, who also died young. Two young nephews and a niece joined the John Bayard household in 1770: John H. Bayard (1762–1820), Jane Bayard (b. 1765), and James Asheton Bayard II (1767–1815). He  graduated from Princeton in 1784.

In 1781, shortly after the death of his first wife Margaret, Bayard remarried, to Mary (née Grant) Hodgson (d. 1785). She was a widow of John Hodgson of South Carolina.

After Mary's death in 1785, Bayard married for the third and final time to Johannah White (d. 1834), sister of General Anthony Walton White (1750–1803), sister-in-law of William Paterson (1745–1806), and granddaughter of Lewis Morris (1671–1746), the Chief Justice of New York from 1715 to 1733 and Governor of New Jersey from 1738 to 1746. She survived him and died on June 26, 1834, in New Brunswick, New Jersey. Neither of the later marriages had surviving children.

Descendants

Through his eldest son, James Bayard, he was the grandfather of two, James Asheton Bayard and Anthony Walton Bayard (1737–1860).

Through his second son, Andrew Bayard, he was the grandfather of six, Sarah Bayard, John Bayard (1795–1869) (a founder of the Philomathean Society at the University of Pennsylvania), Elizabeth Bayard, Theodosia Bayard, James Bayard, and Charles Bayard.

Through his third son, John Murray Bayard, he was the grandfather of Jane Bayard (who married A. H. Stevens).

Through his fourth son, Samuel Bayard, he was the grandfather of seven, Rev. Dr. Lewis Pintard Bayard (1791–1840), Susan Bayard, Maria Bayard, Samuel John Bayard (1801–1878) (who married Jane Ann Winder Dashiel, the parents of Gen. George Dashiell Bayard (1835–1862)), William Marsden Bayard (1803–1863), Juliet Elizabeth Bayard (1806–1865) (who married William Augustine Washington II (1804–1830), son of William A. Washington), and Caroline Smith Bayard (1814–1891) (who married Albert Baldwin Dod (1805–1845)).

Through his fifth child, Jane Bayard Kirkpatrick, he was the grandfather of Mary Ann Kirkpatrick, John Bayard Kirkpatrick (1795–1864), George Littleton Kirkpatrick (1797–1859), Jane Eudora Kirkpatrick (who married Rev. Dr. Jonathan Cogswell in 1837, the parents of Jane Emily Searle Cogswell who married James Grant Wilson in 1869), Elizabeth Kirkpatrick, Sarah Kirkpatrick, and Charles Kirkpatrick.

Through his sixth child, Nicholas Serl Bayard, he was the grandfather to Nicholas James Bayard (1799–1879) (who married Sarah Harris, Sarah Glen, and Eliza Hand née King (1808–1883)), Jane Bayard (who married Rev. James Leighton Wilson), and Margaret Esther Bayard (who married Rev. James Read Eckard, the parents of Leighton Wilson Eckard who married Bessie Schofield).

Through his seventh child, Margaret Bayard Smith, he was the grandfather of Julia Smith, Susan Smith, John Bayard Harrison Smith, and Anne Smith.

Through his eight and youngest child, Anna Bayard Boyd, he was the grandfather of Bayard Boyd (1815–1904) (who married Manette Lansing (1817–1904)), Elizabeth Boyd, Anna Boyd, and Isabella Boyd.

See also
List of mayors of New Brunswick, New Jersey
Bayard family

External links
Bayard's Congressional biography

References

1738 births
1808 deaths
Members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Continental Congressmen from Pennsylvania
18th-century American politicians
Mayors of New Brunswick, New Jersey
John
Politicians from Philadelphia
Huguenot participants in the American Revolution
Burials in New Jersey
People from Chesapeake City, Maryland
People of colonial Pennsylvania
Members of the American Philosophical Society


text:
Supriya Routray (born 12 June 1990) is an Indian footballer who plays as a midfielder for the India women's national football team. She was part of the team at the 2012 SAFF Women's Championship and 2015–16 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament. She played for Gokulam Kerala FC in Indian Women's League.

Honours

India
 SAFF Women's Championship: 2010, 2012, 2014
 South Asian Games Gold medal: 2016

Rising Students Club
Indian Women's League: 2017–18

Gokulam Kerala
Indian Women's League: 2019–20

Odisha
 Senior Women's National Football Championship: 2010–11
 National Games Silver medal: 2022

Railways
 Senior Women's National Football Championship: 2015–16

References

1990 births
Living people
People from Cuttack
Footballers from Odisha
Women's association football midfielders
India women's international footballers
Sportswomen from Odisha
Indian women's footballers
Gokulam Kerala FC Women players
Indian Women's League players
South Asian Games gold medalists for India
South Asian Games medalists in football
21st-century Indian women


text:
Badgam (ook gespeld als Budgam) is een stad en "notified area" in het Indiase unieterritorium Jammu en Kasjmir. Het is de hoofdplaats van het gelijknamige district Badgam.

Demografie
Volgens de Indiase volkstelling van 2001 wonen er 15.932 mensen in Badgam, waarvan 69% mannelijk en 31% vrouwelijk is. De plaats heeft een alfabetiseringsgraad van 68%.

Plaats in Badgam


text:
Tolkien – krater uderzeniowy na powierzchni Merkurego, o średnicy 50 km. Ma współrzędne planetograficzne: .

Krater nazwano na cześć angielskiego filologa i pisarza J.R.R. Tolkiena, autora m.in. powieści Władca Pierścieni. Nazwa krateru została zaproponowana przez zespół naukowy misji MESSENGER i zaaprobowana przez Międzynarodową Unię Astronomiczną 6 sierpnia 2012.

Bibliografia

Kratery merkuriańskie
Związane z twórczością J.R.R. Tolkiena


text:
Patronyme

 Alfred Vulpian (1826-1887), physiologiste et neurologue français.

Toponyme

 Rue Vulpian, voie française du  de Paris.


text:
Vespa bicolor est un insecte hyménoptère de la famille des Vespidae, une espèce de frelon.

Description
C'est l'une des espèces de frelons les plus petites. Les ouvriers mesurent entre 15 et  de long, les mâles entre 19 et 23 et les reines peuvent atteindre . L'abdomen est de couleur jaune et un large triangle noir spécifique est visible sur le thorax.

Répartition
Cette espèce est présente en Asie méridionale, de l'Inde à la Thaïlande, jusque dans le sud de la Chine.

Synonymes
 Vespa citriventris Buysson, 1905
 Vespa lutea Coquebert, 1804

Notes et références

Liens externes

Vespidae


text:
Youssouf Koné (Bamako, 5 de julio de 1995) es un futbolista maliense que juega de defensa en el A. C. Ajaccio de la Ligue 1. Es internacional con la selección de fútbol de Malí.

Trayectoria

Comenzó su carrera deportiva en el Lille O. S. C., con el que debutó el 2 de marzo de 2014, en un partido de la Ligue 1 frente al A. C. Ajaccio.

Durante la temporada 2017-18 estuvo cedido en el Stade de Reims, en la Ligue 2, regresando a final de temporada al Lille.

Olympique de Lyon

Tras jugar la temporada 2018-19 con el Lille, fichó por el Olympique de Lyon.

Después de un año en Lyon, se marchó cedido al Elche C. F., club recién ascendido a la Primera División de España. El 1 de febrero de 2021 el club ilicitano rompió el contrato de cesión y se marchó cedido hasta el final de temporada al Hatayspor de la Superliga de Turquía.

Tras ese año en el extranjero, en el curso 2021-22 regresó al fútbol francés para jugar en el E. S. Troyes A. C. De cara al siguiente fue prestado al A. C. Ajaccio.

Selección nacional

Fue internacional sub-20 con la selección de fútbol de Malí, antes de convertirse en internacional absoluto el 6 de septiembre de 2016, en un partido de clasificación para la Copa Africana de Naciones de 2017 frente a la selección de fútbol de Benín.

Con la selección sub-20 quedó tercero en la Copa Mundial de Fútbol Sub-20 de 2015.

Clubes

Referencias

Futbolistas de Malí
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol sub-20 de Malí
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol de Malí
Futbolistas del Lille Olympique Sporting Club
Futbolistas del Stade de Reims
Futbolistas del Olympique Lyonnais
Futbolistas del Elche Club de Fútbol en los años 2020
Futbolistas del Hatayspor
Futbolistas de la Espérance Sportive Troyes Aube Champagne
Futbolistas del Athletic Club Ajaccien


text:
Das Konvent der Barmherzigen Schwestern vom hl. Vinzenz von Paul im vierten Grazer Gemeindebezirk Lend ist eine Niederlassung der Barmherzigen Schwestern (Töchter der christlichen Liebe) vom Hl. Vinzenz von Paul FdC (BHS/TdchL).
Die Kirche zur Unbefleckten Empfängnis ist die Klosterkirche.

Unmittelbar neben dem Konvent befinden sich das österreichische Provinzhaus und Kloster der Lazaristen.

Geschichte der Niederlassung
1841 wurde von Maria Josefa, Gräfin Brandis, mit Unterstützung der Barmherzigen Schwestern München, eine Niederlassung gegründet, und ihnen wurde das Zivilkrankenhaus übergeben.
Der Konvent war Provinzialat der Provinz Graz, seit 2004 war er Sitz der Provinz Graz-Salzburg, zusammen mit den Barmherzigen Schwestern Salzburg/Schwarzach, und seit 2011 ist er Sitz der Provinz Graz-Mitteleuropa, zusammen mit den Niederlassungen in Ungarn, Rumänien und der Krankenhausbetreuung Istanbul.

Heute umfasst die Niederlassung (in der ganzen Diözese Graz-Seckau):
 Konvent und Provinzhaus Graz-Lend, Provinzialat, mit Ausbildungsgemeinschaft Haus St. Josef und Exzerzitienhaus
 Luisenheim Graz-St. Leonhard (Internat)
 Betreuung am Kindergarten Mariengasse der Caritas, Graz
 Maria Rast in Dult Gratkorn (Alten- und Erholungsheim für die Schwestern)
 Schulverein Dobl (Volks- und Hauptschule, GmbH);
 Betreuung an der Pfarre St. Margarethen an der Raab (Pfarrhaushalt, Pfarrarbeit)
 Betreuung an der Pfarre Wundschuh (Kirchendienst)

Konvent der Barmherzigen Schwestern
Das Klostergebäude wurde von 1856 bis 1858 nach den Plänen Karl Schaumburgs erbaut. Wie die Kirche wurde es im Zweiten Weltkrieg schwer beschädigt und wieder aufgebaut. Zu Beginn der 1960er Jahre erfolgten Um- und Neubauten. Das Konvent umschließt einen Innenhof, in welchem die Kirche steht. Im Marienhaus befindet sich eine Kapelle zur Unbefleckten Empfängnis mit einem spätgotischen Holzkruzifix von Tilman Riemenschneider (1480–1483).

Das Gebäude Mariengasse 12 steht unter .

Kirche Unbefleckte Empfängnis
In nächster Nachbarschaft zur Lazaristenkirche steht die Kirche der Barmherzigen Schwestern. Die Kirche ist der unbefleckten Empfängnis geweiht und wurde im Jahr 1860 nach den Plänen des Architekten Karl Schaumburg erbaut. Bei Bombentreffern im Jahr 1944 blieben nur die neoromanischen Türme der Hauptfassade verschont. Der zerstörte Kirchenraum wurde in den zwischen 1952 und 1954 nach den Plänen von Karl Lebwohl als schlichte Staffelhalle neu aufgebaut. Die Türme sind von Spitzhelmen gekrönt. Diverse Sandsteinfiguren vom Künstler Josef Papst zieren die Kirche. Am Tympanonrelief befinden sich Darstellungen des heiligen Josef von Nazaret mit dem Jesuskind und Johannesknaben aus der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts.

Der Kircheninnenraum besteht aus drei Schiffen und vier Jochen mit Apsis. An der mit Mosaiken geschmückten Chorwand steht eine Statue der Maria Immaculata von Jakob Gschiel aus dem Jahr 1859. Der Tabernakel ist mit einer Emailarbeit vom Künstler Franz Rogler versehen. Die Reliefs stammen von Johann Franz und die Holzfiguren der Heiligen Joseph und Vinzenz von Paul wurden von Jakob Geschiel gefertigt. Die Kreuzwegbilder wurden von Anton Hafner und die Sandsteinfiguren der zwölf Apostel von Josef Papst gestaltet.

In der Gruftkapelle, die der Schmerzhaften Mutter geweiht ist, befindet sich ebenfalls eine Sandsteinfigur von Papst, die den auferstandenen Christus darstellt (1956). Die vierjochige Kapelle ist mit einem spätbarocken Kruzifix und einer Pietà aus Sandstein ausgestattet.

Die Kirche steht ebenfalls unter .

Weitere Baudenkmäler

Ebenfalls unter Denkmalschutz stehen die .

Weblinks

 Barmherzige Schwestern vom hl. Vinzenz von Paul Graz
 Barmherzige Schwestern vom heiligen Vinzenz von Paul - Provinz Österreich, Referat für die Kulturgüter der Orden, kulturgueter.kath-orden.at
 Horst Schweigert: Graz (= Die Kunstdenkmäler Österreichs. = Dehio-Handbuch Graz. = Dehio Graz.). Neubearbeitung. Schroll, Wien 1979, ISBN 3-7031-0475-9, S. 156 f.

Einzelnachweise

Konvent Barmherzige Schwestern
Kloster (19. Jahrhundert)
Genossenschaft der Töchter der christlichen Liebe vom heiligen Vinzenz von Paul
Kloster in der Steiermark
Barmherzige Schwestern
Dekanat Graz-Ost
Bauwerk des Historismus in Graz
Erbaut in den 1860er Jahren
Baudenkmal (Steiermark)
Bauensemble in Graz
Pflege und Betreuung in Österreich


text:
The Côte d'Or is a limestone escarpment in Burgundy, France of the same name of the department which was formed around it. It stretches from Dijon in the north to the river Dheune to the south, overlooking the valley of the Saône to the east.

The east-facing slope of the Côte d'Or is home to some of the greatest names of Burgundy wine, such as Gevrey-Chambertin, Clos de Vougeot, Meursault and Montrachet. The northern half, the Côte de Nuits, produces red wine almost exclusively. The Côte de Beaune, around Beaune in the south, produces a mix of white wine and red wine. The Route des Grands Crus (Route Nationale 74) runs along the foot of the ridge and is popular with tourists.
Scientists have not yet conclusively determined what factors cause the few small parcels of land on the Côte d'Or to produce superlative wines.

History
The area was settled by the Celts, and there is considerable evidence of Roman occupation in the area.  Later it came under the influence of the Dukes of Burgundy, with the Cistercians from Cîteaux Abbey playing a prominent role in the development of the vineyards.

Geology
If the Paris hydrological and geological basin is viewed as a saucer with Paris at its centre, the Côte d'Or may be seen as a segment of its south-eastern rim; the counterpart of the chalk cliffs of the Pays de Caux, on the English Channel coast to the north-west. The River Seine rises near the Côte d'Or and enters the sea near the Pays de Caux, having passed through Paris.

The Côte d'Or scarp arises where a broad, relatively shallow graben has formed as a result of an interaction between the forces raising the alpine ridges and the Massif Central. The Jurassic limestone contributes the chemically basic component of the mixture of requirements for a good vineyard, while the scarp provides the drainage and aspect.

At the Côte d'Or, the middle and upper Jurassic rocks overlook the Oligocene, Pliocene and Quaternary rocks of the plain through which the Saône flows southward towards the Mediterranean Sea. The côte therefore forms part of the watershed between northern and southern Europe. On the far side of the plain rise the Jura Mountains, for which the Jurassic period was named.

Comblanchien stone
Near Nuits-Saint-Georges, part of the middle Jurassic limestone has been metamorphosed into marble. The metamorphism seems to have arisen from the volcanic disturbances in the already existing (Variscan) Massif Central, set off by the Alpine orogeny. The Massif Central is represented locally by its northern extension, the Morvan, which lies between Nevers and the Côte d'Or.

There is a famous vein of fine-grained marble called Pierre de Comblanchien extending from the village of Comblanchien, just south of Nuits-Saint-Georges. The quarries lie in the Côte north and south of the village, overlooking Route Nationale 74.  The stone comes in a variety of shades, from beige to the pink of bindweed (Convolvulus). It is not susceptible to frost damage  and is capable of accepting a polish.

See also
Burgundy wine
French wine

References

Further reading
  A bit out of date, and doesn't cover all of Burgundy, but is still the definitive guide. An updated version covering the whole region is due in early 2008.
  Also in the process of being replaced, in two volumes - the book covering the outlying regions is due in late 2007, the Côte d'Or presumably in late 2008.
  Foreword by Michael Broadbent, again a little out of date but good coverage of the top domaines.
  Good inexpensive introduction to the region, and up to date.
  An inexpensive introduction to the Côte d'Or and the most up to date.

External links
 thewinedoctor.com  A great overview of the geography and wines of Burgundy.
 The Burgundy Report Good descriptions of the vineyards and vintages.

Burgundy wine
Landforms of Côte-d'Or
Wine regions of France
Escarpments of Europe