text:
Lewski (bulgarisch: Левски) ist eine Stadt in Nordbulgarien. Sie liegt 43 km östlich der Stadt Plewen, im äußersten Südostzipfel der Oblast Plewen.

Während der osmanischen Herrschaft über Bulgarien (bis 1878) trug der Ort den türkischen Namen Karağaç (deutsch: "Schwarze Ulme"). 1897 wurde der Ort dann nach dem bulgarischen Nationalhelden Wasil Lewski (1837–1873) benannt. 1945 wurde der Ort zur Stadt ernannt. Er war das erste Dorf in Bulgariens, das nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg zur Stadt ernannt wurde.

Gemeinde Lewski

Lewski ist das administrative Zentrum der gleichnamigen Gemeinde Lewski. Die Gemeinde erstreckt sich über 414 km² und umfasst neben Lewski die Dörfer Asenowzi, Asparuchowo, Boschurluk, Balgarene, Warana, Gradischte, Isgrew, Kosar Belene, Maltschik, Obnowa, Stescherowo und Trantschowiza. Die 13 Orte der Gemeinde hatten 2005 eine Bevölkerung von 25.607.

Durch die Gemeinde verläuft die Fernverkehrsstraße Sofia-Plewen-Russe-Warna.

Durch Lewski verläuft die Bahnstrecke Sofia-Warna und Sofia-Russe. In Lewski zweigt die Bahnstrecke Lewski-Lowetsch-Trojan ab und die Bahnstrecke Lewski-Swischtow.

Geografie

Die Stadt liegt in der bulgarischen Donautiefebene, 40 km südlich der Donau. die Stadt liegt im Tal des Ossam-Flusses.

Geschichte

Die Region war bereits seit dem Altertum besiedelt. Es wurden Reste von prähistorischen Siedlungen gefunden, sowie aus der Römerzeit und Nekropolen, Römerstraßen und archäologische Funde aus der Frühzeit des Christentums und aus dem Mittelalter.

In der Nähe des Dorfes Balgarene ist eine alte Steinbrücke zu besichtigen – die "Römerbrücke".

Wirtschaft

In der Region sind traditionell die nahrungsmittelverarbeitende Industrie, der Maschinenbau und die Leichtindustrie vertreten. Nach der Einführung der Marktwirtschaft in Bulgarien (1990) erlebte die Wirtschaft, wie in ganz Bulgarien, eine schwere Krise. Seit dem Jahr 2000 belebt sich die Wirtschaft wieder und die Investitionen nehmen zu.

Persönlichkeiten
 Georgi Milanow (* 1992), Fußballspieler
 Ilija Milanow (* 1992), Fußballspieler

Weblinks

 Website der Gemeinde Lewski (bulg.)

Ort in der Oblast Plewen


text:
Gerd Schaller, né à Bamberg en 1965, est un chef d'orchestre allemand.

Carrière
Gerd Schaller a étudié la musique à l'école supérieure de musique de Würzburg et la médecine à Université Friedrich-Alexander d'Erlangen-Nuremberg.
Il obtient son premier poste à l'Opéra de Hanovre en 1993. Nommé chef principal au Théâtre de Brunswick en 1998, il est ensuite directeur général de la musique à l'Opéra de Magdebourg, de 2003 à 2006. Musicien indépendant depuis 2006, il est chef invité de nombreuses formations, principalement en Allemagne mais aussi en République tchèque, en Pologne et en Roumanie.
Gerd Schaller dirige les œuvres du répertoire allemand et italien, dont Richard Wagner, Richard Strauss, et Giuseppe Verdi.
En 1990, il crée le Festival d'été d'Ebrach en Franconie, dont il est toujours le directeur artistique. Cette manifestation musicale est organisée en collaboration avec le studio de Franconie de la Radio bavaroise (Bayerischer Rundfunk).
En 2008, il fonde l'orchestre Philharmonie Festiva, constitué de membres des célèbres Münchner Bachsolisten auxquels se joignent des musiciens issus d'autres orchestres d'Allemagne et des pays voisins.

Enregistrements de Bruckner
Gerd Schaller doit sa renommée à son intégrale des symphonies d'Anton Bruckner, dont certaines versions n'avaient jamais été enregistrées, pour le label Profil - Edition Günter Hänssler. Ken Ward, rédacteur en chef de The Bruckner Journal, évoque un « petit miracle musical ». Pour le critique David Hurwitz, Schaller « est incontestablement un excellent chef brucknérien » et son enregistrement de la Cinquième  Symphonie est absolument sans « aucun faux pas ». À propos de l'enregistrement des Quatrième, Septième et Neuvième Symphonies, de Bruckner, les rédacteurs du site AllMusic notent : « Les interprétations de ces trois symphonies enregistrées en public par Gerd Schaller et l'orchestre Philharmonie Festiva sont de tout premier ordre, avec une grande attention accordée aux détails et une maîtrise des tempi qui impulse cette musique et lui confère sa cohérence. »

En 2016, Gerd Schaller a été sélectionné à l'unanimité par la Bruckner Society of America en tant que récipiendaire de la médaille d'honneur "Julio Kilenyi" en reconnaissance pour son plaidoyer pour la musique du compositeur.

BRUCKNER2024
BRUCKNER2024 vise à interpréter toutes les symphonies dans toutes les versions, y compris les rares versions intermédiaires, et à les enregistrer sur CD d'ici le 200e anniversaire du compositeur Anton Bruckner. Il s'agit d'un projet de coproduction entre Gerd Schaller, la Philharmonie Festiva, le Bayerischer Rundfunk - Studio Franken, le label de CD Profil Edition Günter Hänssler et l'Ebracher Musiksommer. La base du projet est le cycle Bruckner enregistré par Gerd Schaller et la Philharmonie Festiva, principalement dans l'église abbatiale de l'ancien monastère cistercien d'Ebrach depuis 2007, qui est progressivement complété par des enregistrements d'autres versions et le 4 septembre 2024 pour le 200e anniversaire du compositeur Anton Bruckner devrait être terminé.

Gerd Schaller et l'achèvement de la Neuvième symphonie de Bruckner (2016)
Le dernier mouvement de la Neuvième Symphonie de Bruckner est resté inachevé. Gerd Schaller a reconstitué la fin de l'œuvre à partir des notes du compositeur, en tenant compte de tous les brouillons disponibles, y compris les plus anciennes esquisses. Sur la base des manuscrits originaux, il s'est efforcé combler le maximum de lacunes de la partition. Sa version « achevée » compte 736 mesures. Puisant dans son expérience de direction d'orchestre et sa parfaite connaissance des techniques de composition de Bruckner, Gerd Schaller a pu compléter les manuscrits et autres documents fragmentaires et enregistrer l'intégrale des onze symphonies du compositeur, de sorte que même les passages dont la matière musicale n'est pas totalement originale sont dans un style brucknérien reconnaissable.

À la tête de l'orchestre Philharmonie Festiva, il a dirigé la première de sa version du finale le  dans le cadre du Festival estival d'Ebrach.[12] Enregistré en direct, ce concert à l'église abbatiale du monastère d'Ebrach a donné lieu à un double CD. Pour le critique Ralph Moore, cette interprétation « se mesure aux meilleures, grandement rehaussée par un arrangement d'une richesse et d'une complexité extraordinaires, fruit d'une élaboration quasi alchimique de la masse d'ébauches et de fragments laissés par Bruckner. Même sans le finale, l'événement était considérable ; l'ajout de Schaller en fait un inoubliable souvenir musical. » Il conclut : « Schaller relie les bribes de partition laissées par Bruckner avec une logique musicale sans faille. Les dix dernières minutes de cette exécution resteront à jamais un des plus grands moments musicaux de ma vie. » Pour Bruckner Insiders : « Le son et l'interprétation étaient sublimes » et, plus loin : « Certaines tentatives antérieures d'achèvement du  mouvement s'étaient avérées stylistiquement inadéquates [...]. Mais pas la version de Schaller. Non seulement elle est immédiatement à la hauteur de l'œuvre mais elle réserve la surprise d'un finale déchaîné. Mieux encore, cette nouvelle version présente une « Reprise » à laquelle personne d'autre ne s'était risqué alors qu'elle apparaît bel et bien dans les esquisses de Bruckner. La magnifique coda de Schaller, avec son spectaculaire développement, offre une sorte de rétrospective des thèmes des symphonies de Bruckner mais remaniés et cités de manière indirecte. Selon le témoignage du médecin de Bruckner, ce dernier lui avait joué au piano sa version du finale et le praticien avait remarqué le chevauchement de thèmes extraits des précédentes symphonies. En reprenant cette idée dans la coda, Gerd Schaller donne une formidable crédibilité à sa démarche. »

Dans The Bruckner Journal, Ken Ward évoque ainsi l'objectif du chef : « La structure et la portée du finale, tel qu'il le conçoit, ont guidé Schaller dans son travail de reconstitution d'une version jouable, à partir des fragments et premières ébauches de Bruckner. Le chef a tenu à souligner ce point au cours de nos entretiens. Il n'a jamais eu la prétention de réaliser la version définitive, encore moins de suivre une approche sèchement académique. Son objectif était de retrouver la cohérence musicale et spirituelle de l'héritage de Bruckner. »

La fugue du dernier mouvement est un élément essentiel de ce travail : concentrée à l'extrême, la tension du contrepoint conduit à l'apogée du matériau thématique du début de la symphonie, transposé en majeur, et introduit une rétrospective polythématique de tous les mouvements (comme dans la Huitième symphonie). Ward écrit à ce propos : « Le déroulement de la fugue était parfait. Non seulement la tension ne se relâchait pas mais elle redoublait d'intensité. La réexposition du thème des cors en triolet (là où s'arrêtent les bifeuillets achevés de Bruckner) continue, se développe puis s'apaise. »

Puisant thèmes et motifs dans diverses œuvres de Bruckner, Gerd Schaller achève la coda du dernier mouvement sous forme d'une rétrospective compositionnelle en utilisant des éléments constitutifs de symphonies précédentes, d'œuvres chorales symphoniques et des références thématiques d'autres mouvements de la Neuvième.

Précisions techniques sur l'achèvement de la Neuvième de Bruckner par Gerd Schaller

Instrumentation : bois par trois (flûtes, hautbois, clarinettes en si bémol, bassons) ; cuivres : 8 cors en fa (cors 7 et 8 : également en si bémol ; cors 5-8 alternent avec les tubas wagnériens : 2 tubas ténor en si bémol et 2 tubas basse en fa) ; 3 trompettes en fa ; trombones alto, ténor et basse, tuba contrebasse ; timbales ; cordes (violon I / II, alto, violoncelle, contrebasse).

Minutage des mouvements:
Feierlich, Misterioso : 25:54 (567 mesures)
Scherzo. Bewegt, lebhaft - Trio. Schnell : 10:58 (250/264 mesures)
Adagio. Langsam, feierlich : 23:00 (243 mesures)
Finale. (Bewegt, doch nicht zu schnell) : 24:40 (736 mesures)

Transcription pour orgue de Schaller du Neuvième de Bruckner, y compris la version du Finale (révisée en 2020)
En 2020, il a arrangé la  symphonie d'Anton Bruckner, y compris le dernier mouvement qu'il a terminé, pour orgue et l'a joué lui-même sur l'orgue principal de l'ancienne église abbatiale cistercienne d'Ebrach. Le Bayerischer Rundfunk (Studio Franken) a produit l'enregistrement, le CD a été publié en 2021 par Profil Edition Günter Hänssler. Le travail de Gerd Schaller a été guidé par les compositeurs d'orgue français du  siècle Alexandre Guilmant, Louis Vierne et Charles Marie Widor, qui ont tous écrit des sonates pour orgue et des symphonies pour l'instrument. Dans le Bruckner Journal, Ken Ward écrit: "Mais ce que Schaller a créé à partir du  de Bruckner est une« symphonie d'orgue »- non pas comme un médiocre substitut à la vraie chose, mais comme une œuvre à considérer en parallèle de l'original".

Œuvres rares
La discographie de Gerd Schaller fait la part belle aux œuvres rares du répertoire d'opéra et de concert, comme en témoignent de nombreux premiers enregistrements : La reine de Saba et Merlin de Karl Goldmark; Fedra de Johann Simon Mayr avec la Norddeutsche Rundfunk - Radio de l'Allemagne du Nord; la Grande Messe de Johann von Herbeck.
L'enregistrement de Merlin a reçu le Prix ECHO Klassik 2010 du « meilleur enregistrement d'opéra de l'année ( siècle) ». Le Requiem de Franz von Suppé, enregistré en direct, a fait l'objet d'un CD mais aussi d'une diffusion radiophonique et télévisuelle.
Gerd Schaller a dirigé diverses productions scéniques d'opéras parmi lesquelles Wozzeck d'Alban Berg, Hérodiade de Jules Massenet, La ville morte d'Erich Wolfgang Korngold  et L'Affaire Makropoulos de Leoš Janáček.

Direction d'orchestre
Gerd Schaller a dirigé les formations suivantes :
Bachsolisten, Munich
Kapellsolisten (solists) de la Staatskapelle de Dresde
Meiningen Hofkapelle
Orchestre de chambre philharmonique de Bamberg
Opéra de Hanovre
Orchestre de la radio de Munich
Orchestre du Théâtre national de Brunswick
Orchestre du Théâtre Wielki de Varsovie
Orchestre national de Basse-Saxe, Hanovre
Orchestre philharmonique George Enescu, Bucarest
Orchestre symphonique de la radio de Bucarest, Roumanie
Orchestre Philharmonique de la radio NDR
Orchestre symphonique de la radio de Prague
Orchestre philharmonique de Magdebourg
Orchestre symphonique de Nuremberg
Orchestre symphonique du Théâtre national de Prague

Discographie

Enregistrements des symphonies d'Anton Bruckner
Symphonies complètes, Messe no 3, Psaume 146, Pièces avec orgue – PH17024 (2018)
Symphonie en fa mineur (1863) – PH 15004 (2016)
Symphonie  – version viennoise 1891 – PH19084 (2019)
Symphonie  – version de Linz, 1866 (édition Carragan) – PH12022 (2012)
Symphonie en ré mineur (1869) – PH15035 (2015)
Symphonie  – version de 1872 (édition Carragan) – PH12022 (2012)
Symphonie  – version de 1874 (édition Carragan), premier enregistrement – PH12022 (2012)
Symphonie  – version de 1890 (édition Schalk) – PH18002 (2018)
Symphonie  – version de 1874 (édition Nowak) – PH22010 (2021)
Symphonie  – version de 1878/80 - PH11028 (2011)
Symphonie  – version de 1878/80 avec le finale « Volksfest » (fête populaire) – PH13049 (2013)
Symphonie  – PH14020 (2014)
Symphonie  – PH14021 (2014)
Symphonie  – PH11028 (2011)
Symphonie  – variantes intermédiaires de 1888 (édition Carragan), premier enregistrement ; Musique funèbre « À la mémoire d'Anton Bruckner » composée par Otto Kitzler, orchestrée par Schaller, premier enregistrement mondial – PH13027 (2013)
Symphonie  – reconstruction du finale par William Carragan dans la révision de 2010 – PH11028 (2011)
Symphonie  – reconstruction du finale par Gerd Schaller 2016 – PH16089 (2016)
Symphonie  – reconstruction du finale par Gerd Schaller dans la révision de 2018 – PH18030 (2018)
Symphonie  arrangé pour orgue – reconstruction du finale par Gerd Schaller dans la révision de 2020 – PH21010 (2021)

Enregistrements avec le Chœur Philharmonique de Munich
Karl Goldmark : Merlin, premier enregistrement - PH09044 (2009)
Franz von Suppé : Requiem - PH12061 (2012)
Johann Ritter von Herbeck : Grande messe, premier enregistrement - PH15003 (2015)
Anton Bruckner : Messe , Psaume 146, Pièces avec orgue– PH16034 (2016)

Autres enregistrements
Ludwig van Beethoven : Symphonie  - PH15030 (2015)
Ludwig van Beethoven : Symphonie  - PH15030 (2015)
Ludwig van Beethoven : Symphonie  - PH15030 (2015)
Karl Goldmark : Symphonie  « Noces de campagne » - PH10048 (2011)
Franz Schubert : Symphonie « Inachevée » en si mineur D759, dans la version en quatre mouvements de William Carragan, premier enregistrement - PH12062 (2012)
Franz Schubert : « Grande » Symphonie en do majeur D944 - PH12062 (2012)

Références

Liens externes

 Site Web d'Gerd Schaller

Naissance à Bamberg
Naissance en 1965
Chef d'orchestre allemand

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Mi Casa, Su Casa é o primeiro álbum da banda de rock brasileira, Penélope. Lançado em 1999, com o selo Sony Music, o álbum vendeu 50 mil cópias, número expressivo para uma banda de rock feminino em uma cena inexistente na época. Teve como sucesso as músicas "Holiday", "Teen", "Circo" e "Namorinho de Portão", tema da novela Malhação, em 2000.

Faixas
Mi casa, su casa
Naqueles dias
Namorinho de Portão
Jr.
Abrigo
Der Mond
Circo
O ponto
1/2
Teen
Holiday
Sombreado
Harold
Tão Seu (Ao Vivo)

Ver também

 Telefone

Álbuns de estreia de 1999
Álbuns de rock


text:
La línea 178 de la EMT de Madrid une la Plaza de Castilla con Montecarmelo.

Características
El 25 de septiembre de 2004 se estableció una línea provisional de Servicio Especial (SE entre Plaza Castilla y Montecarmelo a través de la Autovía de Madrid a Colmenar Viejo) Al año, en noviembre de 2005, se crea esta línea 178 al suprimirse el Servicio Especial, ampliando la cobertura a todo el PAU y la parte norte de Mirasierra. Comparte origen y destino con la línea 134 pero esta es más directa, usando la autovía M-607 en vez de atravesar el Barrio del Pilar.

En diciembre de 2009 se reubicó su cabecera en Plaza de Castilla en la isla 4 del intercambiador, situada en superficie.

Frecuencias

Recorrido y paradas

Sentido Montecarmelo
La línea inicia su recorrido en la dársena 47 de la terminal de superficie del intercambiador de Plaza de Castilla. Desde aquí sale al Paseo de la Castellana en dirección norte, circulando por el mismo hasta el final e incorporándose a la autovía M-607 girando a la izquierda.

La línea recorre esta autovía hasta la salida de Mirasierra, donde toma la travesía de la Costa Brava, que va a parar a la calle de la Costa Brava. A continuación circula por esta calle hasta girar a la derecha por la calle del Monasterio de las Huelgas, calle por la que sale de Mirasierra y entra en Montecarmelo.

Al final de la calle Monasterio de las Huelgas, la línea gira a la derecha para circular por la Avenida del Monasterio de Silos, que recorre hasta el final, tomando la Avenida del Monasterio de El Escorial, donde tiene su cabecera.

Sentido Plaza de Castilla
La línea empieza su recorrido en la Avenida del Monasterio de El Escorial, circulando por ésta hasta girar a la izquierda por la Avenida del Santuario de Valverde. Recorre esta avenida hasta el final, girando a la izquierda de nuevo por la Avenida del Monasterio de Silos, que abandona en la siguiente intersección girando a la derecha por la calle de Monasterio de las Huelgas.

A través de esta calle, la línea sale de Montecarmelo y entra en Mirasierra girando a la izquierda por la calle Costa Brava. Desde este punto, y hasta la cabecera, el recorrido de vuelta es igual al de ida pero en sentido contrario aunque sin pasar por la travesía de la Costa Brava, ya que se incorpora directamente de la calle a la carretera.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página web oficial de la Empresa Municipal de Transportes de Madrid

178


text:
Mimi puede referirse a:

 Irma Angélica Hernández Ochoa (1962-), conocida como Mimí, cantante cantante, compositora, actriz, y presentadora de televisión mexicana.
 Mimi (2014), serie de televisión surcoreana.
 HMS Mimi, lancha motora de la Royal Navy.
 (1127) Mimi, asteroide.
 Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument (MIMI), instrumento de la sonda Cassini.


text:
Jouko Yrjö Nikkanen (Kanneljärvi, 31 de dezembro de 1914 – Suoniemi, 18 de novembro de 1985) foi um atleta finlandês de lançamento de dardo.

Lançadores de dardo da Finlândia


text:
(3680) Sasha es un asteroide perteneciente al cinturón de asteroides, descubierto el 28 de junio de 1987 por Eleanor F. Helin desde el Observatorio del Monte Palomar, Estados Unidos.

Designación y nombre
Designado provisionalmente como 1987 MY. Fue nombrado Sasha en homenaje a la tribu celta de los Condrusos de la Galia Bélgica.

Véase también
 Lista de asteroides del (3601) al (3700)
 Cuerpo menor del sistema solar

Referencias

Asteroides del cinturón principal
 Objetos astronómicos descubiertos por Eleanor F. Helin
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos desde el Observatorio Palomar
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos en 1987
Wikiproyecto:Asteroides/Artículos de asteroides


text:
The sixth season of The Golden Girls premiered on NBC on September 22, 1990, and concluded on May 4, 1991. The season consisted of 26 episodes.

Broadcast history
The season originally aired Saturdays at 9:00-9:30 pm (EST) on NBC from September 22, 1990 to May 4, 1991.

Episodes

References

External links

Golden Girls (season 6)
1990 American television seasons
1991 American television seasons


text:
Victoria Boydell (* 20. Jahrhundert) ist eine britische Filmeditorin.

Leben
Victoria Boydell wurde ab Anfang der 1990er Jahre zur Schnitt-Assistentin ausgebildet, nach einigen Jahren wurde sie als eigenständige Filmeditorin aktiv. Für ihre Arbeit beim Kriegs-Dreiteiler Die Besatzer (2009) wurde sie für einen BAFTA Award, BAFTA TV Craft Award und RTS Craft & Design Award nominiert. Für den Historien-Dreiteiler Große Erwartungen (2011) wurde sie für einen BAFTA Award und einen RTS Craft & Design Award nominiert. Ihr Schaffen für Film und Fernsehen umfasst mehr als 50 Produktionen.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1996: Hard Men
 1999: Wonderful You (Miniserie, 7 Folgen)
 2001: Jagd auf den Schatz der Riesen (Jack and the Beanstalk: The Real Story) (Fernsehfilm)
 2006: Streets of London – Kidulthood (Kidulthood)
 2006: Krakatoa: The Last Days
 2008: Hush
 2009: Die Besatzer (Occupation)
 2011: Random
 2011: The Awakening
 2011: Große Erwartungen (Great Expectations)
 2012: Broken
 2012: Blood – You Can't Bury The Truth
 2013: Dido Elizabeth Belle (Belle)
 2013: The Wrong Mans – Falsche Zeit, falscher Ort (The Wrong Mans, Fernsehserie, 1 Folge)
 2015: Best Exotic Marigold Hotel 2 (The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel)
 2015: London Spy (Miniserie, 5 Folgen)
 2017: Der Stern von Indien (Viceroys House)
 2018: Slaughterhouse Rulez
 2019: The Last Vermeer
 2020: Die Kinder von Windermere (The Windermere Children)
 2021: Die Täuschung (Operation Mincemeat)
 2023: Rye Lane

Weblinks

Filmeditor
Brite
Geboren im 20. Jahrhundert
Frau


text:
Greven links der Ems war von 1894 bis 1952 eine Gemeinde im damaligen Landkreis Münster in der Provinz Westfalen bzw. ab 1946 in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Die Gemeinde umfasste das links der Ems gelegene Umland der Stadt Greven. Ihr Gebiet gehört heute zur Stadt Greven im Kreis Steinfurt.

Geografie

Die Gemeinde Greven links der Ems besaß zuletzt eine Fläche von 51 km². Sie bestand aus den drei Bauerschaften Aldrup, Herbern und Westerode. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg entstand im Nordwesten der Gemeinde die Siedlung Reckenfeld.

Geschichte
Die Gemeinde wurde am 1. Oktober 1894 aus ländlichen Teilen der Stadt Greven gebildet und dem Amt Greven zugeordnet. Am 10. August 1952 wurde die Gemeinde wieder in die Stadt Greven eingegliedert.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Einzelnachweise

Geographie (Greven)
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Kreis Steinfurt)
Gemeindegründung 1894
Gemeindeauflösung 1952


text:
El Tour d'Antalya 2020 fou la tercera edició del Tour d'Antalya. La cursa es desenvolupà entre 20 i el 23 de febrer de 2020 amb un recorregut de 552,9 km dividts en quatre etapes. La cursa formava part del calendari UCI Europa Tour 2020 amb una categoria 2.1. El vencedor fou el britànic Max Stedman (Canyon DHB-Soreen), que fou acompanyat al podi per Kenneth Van Rooy (Sport Vlaanderen-Baloise) i Alessandro Fancellu (Kometa-Xstra Cycling Team), segon i tercer respecitvament.

Equyips participants
L'organització va decidir convidar a 29 equips, un UCI WorldTeam, cinc UCI ProTeams, vint-i-un equips continentals i dues seleccions nacionals:

Etapes

Etapa 1

Etapa 2

Etapa 3

Etapa 4

Classificacions

Classificació general

Classificació per punts

Classificació per punts

Classificació per equips

Referències

Enllaços externs
 Web oficial

Competicions ciclistes del 2020
Competicions ciclistes turques


text:
Barbican Press is an independent publishing house launched in 2013 by Martin J. Goodman for "innovative novels that are just too edgy for the mainstream but allow people to break all bounds and find a unique voice."

Its titles include Kate Horsley's The Monster's Wife, shortlisted for Scottish First Book of the Year 2014., Brian W. Lavery's The Headscarf Revolutionaries, and DD Johnston's The Secret Baby Room.

References

Publishing companies of England
Publishing companies established in 2013


text:
Little Italy, Connellsville is an area on the west side of Connellsville, in Fayette County, Pennsylvania.

History
Between 1880 and 1930, a flood of immigrants from Italy and many other European countries arrived in Connellsville, Pennsylvania, and its  vicinity, primarily to work in the coal, coke, steel, and locomotive industries.  Many of the Italian immigrants, mainly from the regions of Campania (cities of Naples and Avellino), Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria and Sicily, settled in the neighborhoods of the west side of what is now known as the city of Connellsville. Originally, the part of Connellsville west of the Youghiogheny River was incorporated as the borough of New Haven, but by a charter of 1909, New Haven was annexed by the city of Connellsville.  The neighborhood, formerly known as "New Haven Hill," and now as "West Side Hill," was heavily populated by Italian immigrants, and their Italian-American descendants.  Because of this, the area has earned the title "Little Italy."  In the Roman Catholic tradition, the neighborhood has a patron saint, that being Saint Rita of Cascia (IT:Santa Rita da Cascia).

Location
Little Italy in Connellsville is formally bounded by West Crawford Avenue to the south, Maple Street to the north, North 12th Street to the west, and West Crawford Avenue (which makes a 90 degree angle) to the south, though the Italian-American population has always had a strong presence beyond the formal boundaries, including Brookvale, Trotter, Hickory Bottom, Robinson Falls, Limestone Hill, and the lower West Side, where one of the most central places of the Italian-American culture in Connellsville is situated: Saint Rita of Cascia Roman Catholic Church (La Chiesa Cattolica Romana di Santa Rita da Cascia), located at the merging of South 2nd Street and South 1st Street.

Note: There is also a strong Italian-American presence in the city's Association Grounds and North End neighborhoods, on the east side of the Youghiogheny River.

Festivals

Annual Italian festival
Each year on the weekend prior to the Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel (La Beata Vergine di Monte Carmelo), the church hosts its annual Italian festival, known famously throughout the city as "Saint Rita's Street Fair."  There, you will find traditional Italian delicacies, such as cavatelli, manicotti, pasta fagioli, sausage and peppers, pizza, and fried dough (zeppole), as well as other festivities, such as games of chance, bingo, a large 50/50 drawing, and traditional Italian and Italian-American music.  Thousands of people from all over come each year to enjoy the festivities.

Annual West Side Hill Italian Bash
Every year in July, Little Italy on West Side Hill in Connellsville, is the scene of a large festival to celebrate the Italian American heritage, known as the "Annual West Side Hill Italian Bash."  The celebration is held on Banning Avenue, between North 11th Street and North 10th Street.  Highlights include a flag raising and singing of the Italian National Anthem, Il Canto degli Italiani, commonly known as "Inno di Mameli," to signify the commencement of the festival, traditional Italian food, wine sampling, selections by the Molinaro Band (formerly the Royal Italian Band), a 50/50 drawing, traditional Italian music, a prize raffle, and a display of fireworks, to signify the end of the celebration.

Italian feast days
Similar festivals are also celebrated on popular Italian Feast Days, such as the Feast of Saint Rita of Cascia (La Festa di Santa Rita da Cascia), which is held on May 22nd, the Feast of Saint Anthony of Padua (La Festa di Sant'Antonio di Padova), which is celebrated on June 13th, and the Feast of Our Lady of the Hill (La Santissima Madonna del Colle)*, which coincides with the Feast of Our Lady of Sorrows (La Santissima Madonna Addolorata), and is celebrated on September 15th.

The Feast of Saint John the Baptist (La Festa di San Giovanni Battista), which is celebrated on June 24th, the Feast of Saint Rocco (La Festa di San Rocco), which is celebrated on August 16th, and the Feast of Saint Amato (La Festa di Sant'Amato), which is held on September 30th, are also popular amongst the Italian-Americans of Connellsville, especially amongst those whose ancestors originated in the Avellino province of Italy.

The Feast of Madonna del Colle (Our Lady of the Hill) originated in Lenola, Italy. This is also the town where the founder of the Molinaro Band, Giovanni Molinaro, was born. His brother Michael brought the tradition to America when he emigrated in 1913. The band has been led by members of the Molinaro family for 96 years and is currently under the direction of Henry F. (Angelo) Molinaro. Henry has also directed the St. Rita's choir for the past 55 years.

Geography of Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Italian-American culture in Pennsylvania
Little Italys in the United States


text:
Molly Wheaton McGreevy (June 11, 1936 – November 1, 2015)  was an American actress and later ordained priest, known for her role as Polly Longworth on the daytime television soap opera Ryan's Hope.

Biography
Born Mary Wheaton Paine and called "Molly", she was the daughter of Hugh Eustis Paine, Sr. (died 1973) and Helen Clirehugh Duncan Paine. Her grandfather was the paper manufacturer and banker Augustus G. Paine, Jr. from New York City.

She first married stockbroker Thomas J. McGreevy of Kansas City, Missouri. Together they had three daughters, Pamela, Jessica, and Barbara. The couple divorced in the early 1970s, and she subsequently married Earl Hindman, a film and television actor who played detective Bob Reid on Ryan's Hope and Wilson Wilson Jr. on Home Improvement. One of her first movies was Shoot It Black, Shoot It Blue in 1974, in which she played a salesgirl. She subsequently appeared in the recurring role of wealthy Rae Woodard's gossipy society pal Polly Longworth in Ryan's Hope from 1977 to 1981.

She became an ordained Episcopal priest in the 1980s. She worked at the Church of St. Luke in the Fields, Greenwich Village for many years, ministering to AIDS patients. She and Hindman later moved to Stamford, Connecticut, where she worked as associate rector of St. Francis' Church until her retirement. Hindman died in Stamford in 2003. In 2008, she moved to a senior community near Rochester, New York. She died on November 1, 2015, aged 79.

References

External links

1936 births
American television actresses
2015 deaths
American Episcopal priests
20th-century American Episcopalians
20th-century American women
21st-century American women


text:
Monochamus nigrovittatus är en skalbaggsart som beskrevs av Stefan von Breuning 1938. Monochamus nigrovittatus ingår i släktet Monochamus och familjen långhorningar.

Artens utbredningsområde är Sierra Leone. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Långhorningar
nigrovittatus


text:
Ibilola Amao is a Nigerian engineer, principal consultant of Lonadek Services (United Kingdom and Nigeria) and consultant for the vision 2020 initiative. She received several awards such as most active women business enterprise IWEC 2016, Energy Institute Champion 2016, C3E international woman of distinction Award, Access Bank "W" 100, and the 2019 Forbes Africa rising star Award. She was a Vital Voices (VV) GROW fellow, a member of vv100 and a WEConnect international fellow. Ibilola was also the co-founder of the cedar STEM and entrepreneurship hub.

Ibilola is a member of the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN), panel of judges for the Royal Academy of Engineering UK Africa prize, and institute of Director's programmes committee. She is the chairperson for the industry advisory team, a chartered member of the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) and a fellow of the Energy Institute (EI), UK. She specializes in civil and structural engineering; engineering technology and innovation; and was involved in the actualization of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development (NOGICD) guidelines passed into law on 22 April 2010. As a STEM entrepreneur, she focuses on youth empowerment and increasing the participation of women in STEM professions dominated by men in Nigeria.

Early life and education

Ibilola is one of the six children born to a Nigerian highway engineer. She obtained her O levels from queens school, Ibadan, Nigeria and left for London where she acquired a first class honours degree in civil and structural engineering from Queen Mary college, University of London. Afterwards, she got a PhD in computer-aided design and draughting from Bradford University, United Kingdom. After her PhD, she trained as a PPL engineer for three years. She also attended Manchester Business School, United Kingdom. She returned to Nigeria from England in 1991 for the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) program in Abuja, Nigeria. Ibilola, born into a royal family, married a Yoruba man from Ibadan, Nigeria, in 1994 on her return to Nigeria. Her union of 27 years produced three children.

Career
Upon return to Nigeria from England, Ibilola worked with university of Lagos as an associate lecturer with professor Ibidapo Obe. Then, she proceeded to a one-year National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) program during which she started and founded lonadek in 1991. After her NYSC, she worked with National Engineering and Technical Company (NETCO) in 1992 where she trained the first 67 engineers recruited by Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) for NETCO. She left NETCO in 2003 to build lonadek into a consultancy services company to cater for sustainable asset development and maintenance through qualitative local participation.

Ibilola sat on the Lagos State Technical and Vocational Education Board as the chairperson of the industry advisory team. This afforded her the opportunity to work on bridging the gap between the industry and the academia, empowering students with industry sort skills through internship placement opportunities.

Awards and nominations
Ibilola was recognized with the Vital Voices (VV) 100 women in entrepreneurship award and nominated as a global ambassador mentee in 2017 by the Vital Voices (VV) foundation founded by Hillary Clinton.  In 2020, her contribution to advancing the role of women in the energy sector was acknowledged with the C3E international woman of distinction award at the 11th clean energy ministerial program.
In 2022, Ibilola was inducted as a fellow of the Nigerian Academy of Engineering, the induction was announced by the President of the academy.

References

Living people
Nigerian women engineers
Nigerian civil engineers
Alumni of the University of Bradford
Alumni of Queen Mary University of London
Alumni of the Manchester Business School
Academic staff of the University of Lagos
Nigerian consultants
Queen's School, Ibadan alumni
People from Ibadan
Nigerian social entrepreneurs
Nigerian women business executives
Year of birth missing (living people)


text:
El Zorro, la espada y la rosa (The Sword and the Rose) is a Spanish-language telenovela based on Johnston McCulley's characters. Telemundo aired it from February 12 to July 23, 2007. This limited-run serial shows the masked crusader as a hero torn between his fight for justice and his love for a beautiful woman. Telemundo president Don Browne called this show "without doubt the best production offered on Hispanic television in the United States today."

This series was produced by Telemundo, Sony Pictures Television International (SPTI) and RTI Colombia. This series was filmed in Colombia.

It was the network's most successful series of 2007 and its biggest seller in international syndication. Sony Pictures Television International (SPTI) has asked Telemundo to produce a sequel.

Plot summary
The melodrama loosely follows the retcon of Zorro from the 2005 novel by Isabel Allende, yet also uses the major characters from the 1950s Disney series. It shows a fantastic, ahistorical version of colonial Los Angeles full of romance, royal intrigue, and witchcraft, even polygamy.  The city is populated with gypsies, slaves, clerics, cannibals, conspirators, rebellious Indians and Amazon warriors, along with Spanish settlers, soldiers, pirates and mestizo peasants.

The hero, Don Diego de la Vega, adopts the secret identity of Zorro, the masked avenger. Instead of being a Spaniard, however, Diego is now a mestizo born in the 1790s to a white father, Don Alejandro de la Vega, and his wife, a Native American warrior named Toypurnia, who was given the name Regina when she married Alejandro.

Diego learned his acrobatics and fencing skills in Spain, under the tutelage of a great sword master.  Remembering the injustices he saw as a child, he returned to his family's California hacienda.  Now he lives as both a nobleman and a vigilante, fighting imperialist oppression.  He is backed by the brotherhood of Zorro, a secret society called the Knights of the Broken Thorn.

Since this is a telenovela, much of the drama focuses on romantic melodrama and family intrigue.  Here, Zorro falls in love with a beautiful young widow, Esmeralda Sánchez de Moncada.  She arrives in California with her sister Mariángel Sánchez de Moncada and her father, Fernando Sánchez de Moncada, the newly appointed governor—and villainous dictator—of Los Angeles.

The hero must challenge a host of evildoers, branding them with the distinctive Zorro "Z" – made from three swift scratches.  The story arc focuses on mysteries concerning Esmeralda's long-lost mother and the man whose atrocities changed Diego's life forever.  Their resolution threatens to shake the Spanish Empire.

In this story Don Diego is sexually active.  Much of the show spotlights the two sisters whom he allegedly impregnates outside of wedlock.  One of these women is Esmeralda, who winds up imprisoned, starved and tortured.  The other, Mariángel, plots to steal the de la Vega fortune

From Telemundo's promotional copy:
"At heart, Zorro is not different from other men in his need to love and to be loved, his desire to fall in love and form a family, and his ambition to find the ideal woman. Will he obtain them?"

The opening sequences show a shot of Diego looking at his mask.  "Tú y yo estamos enamorados de la misma mujer," he says. The epigram translates to: "You and I are in love with the same woman."

Episodes
Episode 1
The series begins with showing Esmeralda Sánchez de Moncada being forced to marry a wealthy old man by her father. The groom dies at the altar immediately after the marriage in completed. She then leaves for Los Angeles with her violent father Don Fernando, half-sister Mariángel, beloved aunt Almudena and her father's hunchbacked accountant Olmos.

In Los Angeles, Don Diego de la Vega, alias Zorro, spends the night with the local judge's daughter before leaving with one of the Judge's journals. From the journal he discovers the future arrival of a governor, Don Fernando Sánchez de Moncada. Elsewhere in the hacienda his aunt María Pía de la Vega, is horrified to learn her former fiancé, Fernando, is going to return.

Months later on the night of the welcome party for the new governor Esmeralda, choosing not to go to the party to pretend to be a loving daughter, runs into Zorro near the city prison. Their medallions got tangled and the two are forced to look into each other eyes, immediately feeling the spark.

Episode 2
Zorro and Esmeralda fight off the soldiers, escape and then separate. But they have accidentally switched medallions. Once Zorro realizes this he returns to look for Esmeralda as Diego.

In the party three couples meet each other; Diego's father Alejandro and Almudena are reacquainted, Fernando and María Pía experience an awkward face to face again moment, and Mariángel and the local police commander Montero are introduced and straight away attracted to each other.

Two Indian siblings, Yumalay and Jacó, realize that the new governor is the same man who murdered their family years ago. Including their sister, Regina, who was also Diego's mother and Alejandro's wife.
Three Roma called Jonás, Azucena, and Renzo discuss Esmeralda and her mother, Sara Kalí. Unbeknownst to Esmeralda her mother, who she knew as Mercedes, is still alive and has been locked up in the local prison ever since she gave birth to Esmeralda.

Episode 3
Esmeralda tells her aunt about the night's adventures while taking a bath. Once her aunt has left her room Zorro appears from the window. Esmeralda and Zorro soon end up in a passionate kiss and change medallions. Once Diego returns to his Zorro-cave he reflects on his feelings towards Esmeralda, while Esmeralda does the same in her home.

Fernando arrives home, disturbing Mariángel and Montero, who are locked in a passionate embrace.  Both of them hide before he can see who it was. Mariángel is seen by Olmos, who is seen by Fernando.  Since Olmos is in love with Mariángel, he lies to Fernando and casts suspicion upon Esmeralda.  Following Fernando goes to Esmeralda's room and cruelly beats her.

Almudena doctors Esmeralda's wounds received from Fernando's beating.  Esmeralda reflects that her father has inflicted deep emotional scars over the years.  She does not understand why he hates her so much.  Almudena tries to explain it with saying her father has suffered a lot in his life, but Esmeralda points out that he doesn't treat Mariángel the same way.  Almudena is the only person who cares about her.

The gypsies find a way to communicate with Sara Kalí with the help of a rat. They tell her they've finally found her daughter and discover she is being held in the dungeons of the prison wearing an iron mask.

Esmeralda overhears her aunt and Fernando discussing and discovers he is not really her father. She returns to her room, now understanding why he hates her so much.  Esmeralda picks up her medallion and remembers what she was told about her destiny.  She realizes that her mother may still be alive.  While taking a walk the next day she is approached by Azucena and Renzo.

Episode 4
Azucena and Renzo kidnap Esmeralda and take her to the Traveller camp and the Roma present her with flowers.  When Diego learns of Esmeralda's plight, he sets out to rescue her as Zorro.

Yumalay and Jacó try to kill Fernando, but instead Jacó is killed. Fernando chases after Yumalay and briefly catches up with her.  She spooks his horse with magic and flees.  Fernando swears that they must find her so that he can find out why she wants to kill him.  He declares that he will kill all of those savages.

Olmos tells Mariángel that he feels guilty about the events of last night.  Mariángel threatens to tell her father of Olmos stealing money from him should Olmos say anything about what really happened.

Fernando is furious that Esmeralda has been abducted — furious with Esmeralda.  Alejandro arrives and suggests that they form a search party.  Fernando is less than enthusiastic.

Cast

Main cast
Christian Meier as Don Diego de la Vega \ Zorro main hero, known as the Zorro, Don Alejandro's son, Regina's son, Almudena's stepson, Mariangel's ex-husband, Esmeralda's husband
Marlene Favela as Esmeralda Sánchez de Moncada main heroine, Mercedes' daughter, Fernando's stepdaughter, Mariangel's half-sister, Almudena's niece, Ricardo's ex-wife, Don Diego's wife
Vilma Vera as Hermana Carola sister of Almudena, aunt of Bernardo and Diego
Arturo Peniche as Fernando Sánchez de Moncada antagonistic protagonist, later good. Governor, Mariángel's father, Esmeralda's stepfather, in love with Maria Pia
Osvaldo Ríos as Don Alejandro de la Vega  Military General, Don Diego's father, Esmeralda's father-in-law, Almudena's husband
Erick Elías as Renzo Roma, in love with Esmeralda, later with Ana Camila
Héctor Suárez Gomís as Capitán Anibal Pizarro Military Captain, Ricardo's accomplice, villain, in love with Catalina
Andrea López as Mariángel Sánchez de Moncada not capable of love, second most evil villain, obsessed with Don Diego, Ricardo's lover
Harry Geithner as Comandante Ricardo Montero de Avila  Military Commander, enemy of "Zorro", most evil villain, obsessed with Esmeralda, Mariangel's lover
Jorge Cao as Padre Tomás Villarte priest, mentor of Zorro, secretly in love with Maria Pia
Natasha Klauss as Sor Ana Camila Suplicios troubled nun, in love with Renzo
César Mora as Sargento Juvenal Garcia sergeant, very fond of alcohol. This character is based on the Sergeant Garcia from Disney's 1950s television series.
Lully Bosa as Almudena Sánchez de Moncada sister of Fernando, aunt of Esmeralda and Mariángel, wife of Don Alejandro
Raúl Gutierrez as Olmos Berroterran de la Guardia hunchback, Fernando's secretary, villain, in love with Mariangel
Andrea Montenegro as María Pía de la Vega sister of Don Alejandro, in love with Fernando
Ricardo González as Bernardo mute, manservant of Don Diego
Luigi Ayacardi as Tobias del Valle y Campos dandy
 as Jonás Traveller, father of Renzo
Ana Bolena Meza as Sara Kalí / Mercedes Mayorga de Aragon mother of Esmeralda, Fernando's ex-wife
Adriana Campos as Yumalay / Guadalupe - Toypurnia / Regina de la Vega  Indian, in love with Don Alejandro / Deceased wife of Don Alejandro and mother of Don Diego.
Margarita Giraldo as Azucena Roma, mother of Renzo
Marilyn Patiño as Catalina Tobias del Valle y Campos' wife, Pizarro's lover, Mariángel's friend
Juan Pablo Barragán as Mambo Cristian de Castellón gipsy, brother of Duque
Natalia Bedoya as Laisha Romani, wife of MiguelTalú Quintero as Ramona Jacinto's sisterCarmen Marina Torres as Dolores (probably a slave) nanny of Don DiegoSupporting cast
 Talu Quintero
 Jose Saldarriaga
 Fernando Corridor
 Alberto Saavedra
 Orlando Valenzuela .... Miguel - gypsy David Noreña
 Alejandro Tamayo
 Catalina Vela
 Alejandra Guzmán
 Lina Angarita
 Adriana Martin
 Nicolas Niño
 Anderson Barbosa
 Jesus David Forero
 Mauricio Bravo
 Jaime Rayo
 Julian Alvarez
 Gabriel Gonzalez
 Ivelyn Giró .... María Luísa Burgos de Castilla - Queen of Spain Teresa Gutiérrez .... La Marquesa Carmen Santillana de la Roquette - the Marquessa  Didier van der Hove .... Santiago Michelena - friend of Diego, ex-lover of Mariángel El Francés .... Tornado - Zorro's horse Valentina Acosta .... Selenia

Supporting characters
 Aaron, the exorcist
 Agapito, the barber/surgeon/undertaker
 Aguirre, the soldier
 Alejandro, Elena and Fernanda, children
 Alfonso, the suitor
 Camba, the slave
 Catalina, Mariángel's friend
 Don Enrique de Castilla y León - King of Spain
 Fulgencio, the soldier
 Hermes, the prisoner
 Jacobo Almagro de Castellón, Duke of Albatroz
 Javier, the gypsy
 Juan, the guard of horses
 Judge Quintana
 Leroy, the soldier
 Macario, the soldier
 Maestro Abelardo Samaniego de Villarte
 Mejias, the soldier
 Miguel, the gypsy
 la mujer de la rosa (the lady of the rose)
 Selenia, the witch
 The Kala-Kala, a tribe of cannibals White Buffalo, the grandmother of Diego

ProductionZorro began filming on November 8, 2006, in Bogotá, Villa de Leyva and Cartagena, Colombia.
Telemundo and RTI Colombia developed the show with Sony Pictures Television International (SPTI), while CPT Holdings is listed as copyright holder.  Venezuelan screenwriter Humberto "Kiko" Olivieri, a fan of Disney's Zorro, developed the story.  Cardinal Olivieri, a supporting character on the show, has the same last name.

Telemundo aired this novela with English subtitles on the default closed captioning channel, CC1.  The network normally broadcast translations on CC3, which is not available on many older TV sets.  It also expanded two weeks of March episodes to 90 minutes and several episodes in May were extended to 75 and 90 minutes.

On June 22, Telemundo announced Zorro is in its final chapters.  After the July 23 finale, La Esclava Isaura expanded into its time slot.
This series is also known as Zorro: La Telenovela and Zorro: La Novela.Changes
The originally-announced storyline began with Don Diego as the protege of a great English knight, Sir Edmund Kendel. He returns home to California to find his land under dictatorship, then taking up Zorro's mantle. When the show aired, it was the Moncada family that arrived in California, with Esmeralda having become a rich widow.

Theme songSee also Amor Gitano Beyoncé and Alejandro Fernández performed Amor Gitano (Gypsy Love), a flamenco-pop track commissioned by Sony for the series. According to the label's translation, Fernández sings, "I'm your gypsy, your pilgrim. I'm your thief, I'm going to love you even if they tear my heart out." Since Beyoncé does not speak Spanish, she sang the lyrics phonetically.  The single hit number one on Spain's singles chart.

International airingsZorro averaged 635,000 core viewers during March 2007 on Telemundo. The audience jumped 28 percent from February in the network's key demographic, Hispanic adults from age 18 to 49.  Overall, the show has had Nielsen ratings of around 0.6, with a 1 share. The network considered expanding the serial's run, but decided against it.Zorro has been sold to broadcasters in 43 countries.  Telemundo and Sony split the international rights, with Sony holding the rights for Latin America.  On February 26, 2007, the show started airing in Colombia on Caracol TV.

In Romania, Zorro debuted on Acasa TV on March 5, 2007.  The pilot episode aired with hard English subtitles in the USA on Universal HD.  It premiered in Argentina on March 26, 2007, on Telefé.

In Spain, the telenovela aired on Antena 3TV weekdays at 16hrs from Monday 27 April 2007 where it achieved moderate success in the tough "second Primetime" afternoon slot.

In Brazil, the telenovela debuted on May 28, 2007, at TV Record, dubbed in brazilian portuguese.

In the Philippines, Zorro aired on ABS-CBN from September 10, 2007, to March 19, 2008, weekday afternoon at 3:30pm.

In Puerto Rico, the telenovela officially started airing on Telemundo on October 2, 2007, and in Finland on January 10, 2008, Nelonen

In Lithuania, the telenovela started in January, 2008.

In Bulgaria, the telenovela officially started airing on April 15, 2008, on BTV and started airing on October 9, 2012, on bTV Lady.

In Serbia, the telenovela officially started airing on June 23, 2008, on RTV Pink.

In Hungary: August 25, 2008

In Poland since September 1, 2008 on TV Puls

In People's Republic of China:since October 31, 2008 on CCTV-8

In Slovenia, started on November 3, 2010, on POP TV

References

External links

Telemundo International Zorro page (in English, requires Flash)
Telenovela World (bilingual)
Canal Caracol Zorro'' page (in Spanish)

2007 telenovelas
2007 American television series debuts
2007 American television series endings
2007 Colombian television series debuts
2007 Colombian television series endings
Colombian telenovelas
RTI Producciones telenovelas
Spanish-language American telenovelas
Telemundo telenovelas
Television series by Universal Television
Television series by Sony Pictures Television
Television shows set in Los Angeles
2000s Western (genre) television series
Zorro television series
2000s Colombian television series
Sony Pictures Television telenovelas


text:
Bernd Klaus Wiesberger, född 8 oktober 1985 i Wien, är en österrikisk professionell golfspelare som spelar för LIV Golf och på PGA European Tour. Han har tidigare spelat bland annat på PGA Tour, Asian Tour och Challenge Tour.

Wiesberger har vunnit åtta European-vinster, två Asian-vinster och två Challenge-vinster. Hans bästa resultat i majortävlingar är en delad 15:e plats vid 2014 års PGA Championship och delad 16:e plats vid 2017 års US Open. Wiesberger kom också på delad tolfte plats vid 2017 års The Players Championship.

Han deltog också vid 2021 års Ryder Cup, det räckte dock inte till seger.

Referenser

Män
Födda 1985
Levande personer
Idrottare från Wien
Österrikiska golfspelare
Österrikiska idrottare under 2000-talet
Spelare på PGA European Tour
Spelare på Challenge Tour
Spelare på Asian Tour
Spelare på PGA Tour
Spelare för LIV Golf


text:
Prelát Ambrož Martin Štrbák O.Praem. (* 6. dubna 1972) je opat premonstrátského kláštera v Jasově, donedávna jediný, v současnosti jeden z dvou opatů na území Slovenska a druhý nejmladší opat na světě. Je docentem katedry hudby pedagogické fakulty Katolické univerzity v Ružomberku a externím spolupracovníkům katedry katechetiky a pedagogiky teologické fakulty. Je autorem několika publikací.

Stručný životopis
Řeholní roucho přijal dne 13. listopadu 1991 a první řeholní sliby složil 13. srpna 1993. Na kněze byl vysvěcen 20. června 1997. Za jasovského opata byl na období šesti let zvolen 7. července 2009. Opatskou benedikci přijal z rukou Jeho Excelence Mons. Aloise Tkáče, dne 30. srpna 2009 za přítomnosti generálního opata Thomase Handgrätigera O.Praem. V roce 2015 byl potvrzen v opatské funkci na další období. Volbě byl přítomen generální opat Handgrätiger a strahovský opat Michael Josef Pojezdný, O.Praem.

Vedle své opatské funkce je od roku 2013 také ředitelem Premonstrátského gymnázia v Košicích, zřízeného jasovským opatstvím.

Reference

Externí odkazy

 Tisková zpráva o benedikci
 Fotografie z benedikce

Narození v roce 1972
Slovenští římskokatoličtí duchovní
Premonstráti
Narození 6. dubna
Žijící lidé
Muži


text:
Karel Hynek Mácha (ur. 16 listopada 1810 w Pradze, zm. 6 listopada 1836 w Litomierzycach) – czeski pisarz i poeta. Najbardziej znany przedstawiciel czeskiego romantyzmu.

Życiorys
Urodził się 16 listopada 1810 roku w Pradze na Maléj Stranie. Matka pochodziła z muzykalnej rodziny. Ojciec, po przybyciu ze wsi do czeskiej stolicy, początkowo pracował jako pomocnik młynarza, później został sklepikarzem.

W latach 1824–1830 uczył się w miejskim gimnazjum (niemieckim). W domu mówiono po czesku. Po zdaniu matury rozpoczął studia filozoficzne w Pradze. W 1836 roku ukończył studia prawnicze i rozpoczął praktykę w kancelarii adwokackiej w Litomierzycach.

Miał stosunkowo częste problemy z policją, ponieważ spotykał się i pomagał polskim powstańcom. Był zachwycony rewolucją francuską. Jego wielką pasją było podróżowanie i zwiedzanie miast. Już w czasie swoich studiów podejmował liczne wyprawy do północnych Czech, w Karkonosze i do Wenecji. Zakochał się w Marince Štichovéj, która niebawem zmarła. Po jej śmierci napisał tragedię Márinka. Grał w Teatrze Kajetańskim (Kajetánské Divadlo), w grupie teatralnej skupionej wokół aktora, reżysera i autora sztuk teatralnych Josefa Kajetána Tyla (1808 – 1856) (z jego sztuki Fidlovačka pochodzi czeski hymn narodowy Kde domov můj (Gdzie mój dom)). W Teatrze Kajetańskim poznał Eleonorę Šomkovą. Ze związku narodził się nieślubny syn. Macha postanowił szybko przygotować się do ślubu. Nie zdążył zrealizować tego zamiaru, zmarł przedwcześnie 6 listopada 1836 roku. Bezpośrednią przyczyną śmierci było wyziębienie organizmu, do którego doszło podczas gaszenia pożaru. W akcie zgonu odnotowano, że przyczyną było zapalenie płuc, możliwe jednak, że w rzeczywistości zmarł na tyfus albo cukrzycę. Pogrzeb odbył się w dniu planowanego ślubu.

Inspiracje
Mácha już jako student czytał wszystko co znalazło się w zasięgu jego ręki, od rycerskich romansów po dzieła sobie współczesne. Inspiracje czerpał m.in. z dzieł Szekspira, Goethego, Byrona, Hájka i Herdera. Ważnym elementem występującym w jego dziełach jest przyroda. Macha jako awanturnik chętnie podróżował po kraju. W Máju inspiracją stała się dla niego przyroda wokół zamku Bezděz. Pierwsze wiersze tworzył po niemiecku, później pisał w obydwu językach, u schyłku życia tworzył po czesku.

Twórczość

Wiersze
 Versuche des Ignac Macha (Próby Ignacego Machy),
 Hoffnung (Nadzieja),
 Svatý Ivan (Święty Jan),
 Na hřbitově (Na cmentarzu),
 Hrobka králů a knížat českých (Grobowiec królów i książąt czeskich).

Proza
 Krkonošská pouť (Karkonoska podróż),
 Obrazy ze života mého (Obrazy z mojego życia) – zbiór opowieści składających się z elementów autobiograficznych,
 Kat – początkowo miała to być tetralogia o zamkach (Křivoklad, Valdek, Karlův Týn, Vyšehrad), pozostało jedynie pierwsze dzieło. Akcja powieści rozgrywa się w czasach panowania Wacława IV. Kat jest przyjacielem i przyszywanym bratem Wacława IV. Czuje urazę, ponieważ nie został wybrany królem,
 Klášter Sázavský (Klasztor Sazawski) – nieukończona powieść,
 Večer na Bezdězu (Wieczór na Bezdiezu) – akcja mało znacząca, ujmujące wewnętrzne stany autora,
Cikáni (Cyganie),
 Márinka (Marynka) – tragedia romantyczna.

Dramat
 Bratři (Bracia),
 Král Fridrich (Król Fryderyk),
 Bratrovrah (Bratobójca),
 Boleslav (Bolesław).

Liryka
 Mnich,
 Návrat (Powrót),
 Máj – liryczno-epickie dzieło z nierozwiniętą akcją, obejmuje 4 pieśni i 2 intermezza. Najbardziej znany utwór Máchy. Pierwsze wydanie ukazało się w kwietniu 1836 roku.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Linki zewnętrzne
 Karel Hynek Macha

Czescy dramaturdzy XIX wieku
Czescy poeci XIX wieku
Czescy prozaicy XIX wieku
Pisarze niemieckojęzyczni
Pisarze związani z Pragą
Pochowani na Cmentarzu Wyszehradzkim w Pradze
Sonetyści
Urodzeni w 1810
Zmarli w 1836
Ludzie urodzeni w Pradze


text:
Labour Standards (Non-Metropolitan Territories) Convention, 1947 is  an International Labour Organization Convention.

It was established in 1947 with the preamble stating:
Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals concerning the application of international labour standards in non-metropolitan territories,...

Ratifications
The treaty has been ratified only by the United Kingdom in 1950 and Australia in 1973. Australia has subsequently denounced the treaty, making it currently in force only for the United Kingdom.

External links
Ratifications.

International Labour Organization conventions
Treaties concluded in 1947
Treaties entered into force in 1974
Treaties of the United Kingdom
1947 in labor relations


text:
Deh Barm () is a village in Ahmadabad Rural District, in the Central District of Firuzabad County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 839, in 170 families.

References

Populated places in Firuzabad County


text:
Dnipro (en ) ou Dniepr (en ) — jusqu'en 1926 Ekaterinoslav ou Iekaterinoslav, de 1926 à 2016 Dnipropetrovsk (retranscrit de l'ukrainien) ou Dniepropetrovsk (retranscrit du russe) — est une ville d'Ukraine et la capitale administrative de l'oblast de Dnipropetrovsk. Sa population, en diminution, s'élevait à  en 2016 contre  en 1989 à l'époque soviétique. Son agglomération est la troisième du pays, avec plus de  d'habitants. Dnipro, réputée pour ses constructions aéronautiques, possède de nombreux espaces verts, d'immenses parcs, notamment le long du fleuve Dniepr qui traverse la ville du nord au sud.

Toponymie
De sa fondation en 1776 à 1796 et de 1802 à 1926, la ville porte le nom de « Iekaterinoslav » ou « Ekaterinoslav » (en russe et ) en l'honneur de . Durant le règne de son fils Paul , de 1796 à 1802, la ville était connue comme « Novorossiisk » (en ). En 1926, le pouvoir soviétique rebaptise la ville en « Dnipropetrovsk » (retranscription de l') ou « Dniepropetrovsk » (retranscription du ), célébrant le fleuve et le révolutionnaire Grigori Petrovski. En vertu de la loi sur la décommunisation du pays, la ville est rebaptisée « Dnipro » (en ) en .

Géographie
Dnipro est située sur les bords du fleuve Dniepr, au sud du pays.

Géologie
C'est une ville de la plaine d'Europe orientale, située au sud-est du bouclier ukrainien, au sein du bassin Pripiat-Dniepr-Donetsk.

Le socle cristallin comporte surtout du granite et de la magmatite de l'Archéen moyen, entrecoupés de lits de gneiss à biotite et d'amphibolites.

La vieille-ville de Dnipro se dresse en rive droite, pour partie sur le , tandis que la rive gauche s'étend dans les . La divagation du lit mineur du Dniepr est contenue par un promontoire de la rive gauche du fleuve, dans le quartier Samarski qui se rattache au plateau d'Azov.

Le territoire communal est ponctué d'un chapelet d'îles et de presqu'îles, dont la plus célèbre est l'Île aux monastères. La rive droite du fleuve est séparée de l'Île aux monastères par un canal de dérivation long de , le canal de l'Archimandrite. La ligne de chemin de fer Merefa-Chersonèse franchit le fleuve à cet endroit par un pont en arc multiple long de .

Climat
Selon la Classification de Köppen, le climat de Dnipro est un climat continental à méditerranéen mais lors des rares périodes de sécheresse, il présente les caractères d'un climat semi-aride, situation comparable à celles de Yreka en Californie ou Reno au Nevada. Dans la vallée du Dniepr, l'humidité grimpe sensiblement. Les températures sont plus fraîches, avec une moyenne annuelle de , des hivers froids ( - ) et un gel très fréquent ( de gel par an en moyenne). La neige tombe en moyenne  an, mais les fortes chutes sont rares. L'été est chaud, toutefois adouci par l'altitude de la ville (températures maximales d'environ ). Les records de température sont de  (été 1950) et de  (hiver 1955). Au cours du  la température moyenne a monté de .

Démographie

La ville a enregistré en 2012 un taux de natalité de  () contre  en 2011 (pour ). Conséquence d'un taux de mortalité urbain parmi les plus élevés du pays, qui était de  en 2012 () contre un taux de  en 2011 (), la ville est passée sous la barre du million d'habitants en 2011.

Structure par âge
  : 14,2 %  ( et )
  : 69,7 %  ( et )
  et plus : 16,1 %  ( et ) (2016 officiel)

Histoire

Du Moyen Âge à l'« hetmanat » cosaque

Vers 750, les territoires situés à l'est de la ville tombèrent sous la domination du khaganat des Khazars, tout en formant le foyer du réseau commercial des Radhanites (c'est ainsi que l'on désignait les marchands juifs qui, du  au , assuraient le trafic de marchandises entre les pays d'Occident et le monde musulman et même avec l'Inde et la Chine), réseau qui fut l'un des piliers de la puissance des Juifs au sein du khaganat des Khazars. À l'ouest, les Magyars établis depuis environ l'an 600 apr. J.-Chr. dans le bassin de la Volga s'étaient portés vers 900 apr. J.-Chr. dans la région comprise entre la vallée du Dniestr et celle du Dniepr, pays qu'eux-mêmes appelaient Etelköz (litt. le pays d'entre-deux-fleuves), aux confins orientaux du khaganat des Khazars, dont ils étaient tributaires. Ils fusionnèrent avec les Kabars (trois tribus qui s'étaient rebellées contre les Khazars) puis, par suite de la poussée conjuguée des Petchénègues, cavaliers venus de la steppe eurasienne, et de leurs alliés Bulgares, il émigrèrent à l'ouest vers les Carpathes sous le règne du tsar Siméon .

Du  au  la route commerciale entre Scandinavie et la Porte d'Or traversait la région (au passage du Dniepr) ; c'était l'une des plus importantes routes commerciales d'Europe orientale.

À la chute du khaganat des Khazars, le pays fut occupé par les cavaliers Petchénègues, puis par les Coumans, enfin par les Mongols de la Horde d'or. Après le démembrement de la Horde d'Or, la région de Dnipropetrovsk devint aux  un refuge pour les Ruthènes fuyant la Pologne-Lituanie : là, ils purent créer des États cosaques autonomes, qui par la suite se fédérèrent en un « Hetmanat » (voir l'article Cosaques Zaporogues). Les Cosaques s'opposèrent à l'hégémonie polonaise et se défendirent contre les multiples raids des Tatars de Crimée.

De l'alliance russe à 1917

La conclusion de l'alliance des Cosaques avec la Russie, à la fin du , mit un frein à l'expansion de l'Empire ottoman en Ukraine orientale. Une fois l'influence de l'Empire ottoman éteinte au nord de la mer Noire, au terme de la guerre russo-turque de 1787-1792, un programme d'annexion systématique des terres conquises au sud, le « Projet grec » de la tsarine Catherine la Grande, entra en application. Sous la direction du prince Grigori Potemkine, il y fut instauré le Gouvernement de Nouvelle Russie, dont la capitale, fondée en 1776, reçut le nom de « Iekaterinoslav » en hommage à la souveraine. En 1805, on y dénombrait  (dont ).

De 1802 à 1925, la ville fut la capitale du gouvernement de Iekaterinoslav, une division territoriale et administrative de l'Empire russe. Au , l'arrivée du chemin de fer depuis la Russie centrale vers la péninsule de Crimée offrit à cette ville une croissance démographique et industrielle rapide.

La ville à l'heure soviétique

Conséquence de l'étatisation de l'agriculture imposée par Staline, la grande famine de 1933 (le Holodomor) fut marquée par plusieurs cas de cannibalisme. À cette époque, plusieurs millions d'Ukrainiens périrent de faim.

Au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la ville subit d'énormes dégâts et les habitants juifs furent exécutés en masse par les forces d'occupation allemandes : pour la seule journée du ,  furent massacrés. Le principal responsable de ces massacres est l'officier SS Friedrich Jeckeln. Lorsqu'à l'automne 1941 la disette en ville eut pris fin, le ministre de l'Alimentation du Reich, Herbert Backe, proclama, par l'« avis  pour l'URSS » de l' (), l'instauration de tickets de rationnement.

Pendant la période soviétique, son activité industrielle reposait sur la production d'armements, notamment de missiles (usine Ioujmach). Ville fermée, son accès était alors interdit aux étrangers. Deux Stalags, les  et 460, avaient été établis en ville en 1949 pour surveiller les prisonniers allemands. Les plus malades étaient soignés à l'hôpital 5905.

Après la victoire sur l'Allemagne nazie, la ville fut le théâtre de travaux de reconstruction et reprit son développement industriel et sa croissance démographique, au point que dans les années 1980, Dnipro dépassa le million d'habitants.

Depuis l'indépendance de l'Ukraine
Depuis la dislocation de l'URSS, .

Le , plusieurs attentats à la bombe, frappant les quartiers les plus fréquentés de la ville, ont fait au moins vingt-neuf victimes. Les attentats n'ont pas été revendiqués.

Depuis 2012, le russe est devenu la seconde langue officielle de l'oblast et donc de la ville elle-même.

En mai 2016, dans le cadre de la loi de décommunisation, la ville prend le nom de Dnipro.

Économie
Depuis l'époque soviétique, la ville s'est imposée comme un centre important de l'industrie aéronautique : elle abrite le siège de la compagnie aérienne Dniproavia et du bureau d'études Ioujnoïe, qui a produit entre autres les missiles Dnepr, R-16 (qui fut le premier missile balistique intercontinental soviétique) et plusieurs autres missiles balistiques. La ville est aussi le siège de la société Ioujmach, associée à Ioujnoïe, constructeur de fusées mais aussi d'autobus, de matériel agricole, de trolleybus, d'éoliennes et de satellites.

Les motrices Dniepropetrovsk ont équipé plusieurs lignes ferroviaires d'Union soviétique.

Transports

Le tramway d'Ekaterinoslav a été ouvert le . Au moment de son ouverture, il s'agissait du troisième système de tramway de l'Empire russe (ses prédécesseurs étaient le tramway Kiev et les tramways de Nijni Novgorod. La construction et l'exploitation ont été assurées par la Société belge Tramways électriques d'Ekaterinoslaw. À à la fin de 1897, deux millions de personnes avaient été transportées. Le système de tramway original était basé sur voie 1000 mm et comprenait 3 lignes de tramway depuis l'avenue Catherine la Grande. (le nom moderne est l'avenue Dmytro Yavornytskyi). Dnipro est desservie par une ligne de métro de six stations et par un aéroport international la reliant à des villes européennes (Vienne, Moscou, Thessalonique…) et moyen-orientales (Istanbul, Tel-Aviv, Dubaï, Bakou…).

Elle dispose de la gare de Dnipro.

Architecture

La ville est largement dominée par l'architecture de l'époque stalinienne.

Culture
 Synagogue de la Rose d'Or.
 Musée d'Art de Dnipro.
 Église Sainte-Catherine de Dnipro, classée
 Musée d'histoire de Dnipro.
 Musée de la maison de Dmytro Yavornytsky.
 L'Opéra de Dnipro.
 Le théâtre académique dramatique et comique de Dnipro.

Personnalités

 Helena Blavatsky (1831-1891), fondatrice de la théosophie
 Lioudmila Stal (1872-1939), révolutionnaire russe et soviétique, journaliste, féministe
 Vadim Chernoff (1887-1954), artiste-peintre
 Moses Schönfinkel (1889-1942), mathématicien soviétique
 Oleksiy Fedorov (1901-1989), résistant soviétique
 Gregor Piatigorsky (1903-1976), violoncelliste russe puis américain
 Victor Kravtchenko (1905-1966), transfuge soviétique
 Boris Sagal (1917-1981), réalisateur et producteur américain
 Alexandre Matrosov (1924-1943), Héros de l'Union soviétique
 Leonid Kogan (1924-1982), violoniste soviétique
 Ilya Kabakov (°1933), artiste conceptuel russe
 Viktor Tchepijny (°1934), compositeur russe de problèmes d'échecs
 Ivan Koulitchenko (°1955), maire de la ville de 2000 à 2014
 Ioulia Tymochenko (°1960), femme politique ukrainienne
 Ina Belous (°1960), artiste ukrainienne
 Inessa Kravets (°1966), athlète soviétique
 Yevhen Braslavets (°1966), navigateur, champion olympique
 Ihor Matviyenko (°1971), navigateur, champion olympique.
 Serhiy Lebid (°1975), athlète ukrainien
 Tatiana Navka (°1975), patineuse russe
 Oleksiy Lukashevych (°1977), athlète ukrainien
Anastassia Karlovitch (1982), joueuse d'échec et journaliste
 Julia Obertas (°1984), patineuse russo-ukrainienne
 Tatiana Volosozhar (°1986), patineuse ukrainienne
 Grigori Petrovski, qui travailla dans la ville et y eut des activités politiques, fut le représentant de l'Ukraine au sein du Soviet suprême de l'URSS. La ville a porté le nom de Petrovsk entre 1926 et 1957 en son honneur par aphérèse (Dnipropetrovsk / Petrovsk)
 Eugen Tripolsky (°1962), maître international d'échecs
 Iouri Mechkov (1945-2019), homme politique ukrainien
 Victor Mirkin (1909-1944), résistant français, Compagnon de la Libération.

Jumelages

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 HK Dneprovskie Volki Dnepropetrovsk, club de hockey de la ville
 BC Dnipro, club de basketball de la ville
 SK Dnipro-1, club de football de la ville
 FK Dnipro (1918-2019), ancien club de football de la ville

Liens externes

  Cartes topographiques
  Héraldique ukrainienne

Notes et références

Ville en Ukraine

Division administrative fondée en 1776
Changement de nom de ville dans l'Histoire


text:
«Вечір на Івана Купала» — український художній фільм-драма кіностудії ім. Олександра Довженка 1968 року. Варіації на теми оповідань Миколи Гоголя та українських народних казок. Режисер — Юрій Іллєнко.

Займає 33-ю позицію у списку 100 найкращих фільмів в історії українського кіно.

Сюжет
На одному хуторі жив молодий бідний селянин Петро, що підробляв у багатого хазяїна Коржа. Він закохався в доньку хазяїна, а дівчина відповіла хлопцю взаємністю. Але батько категорично відмовляється віддавати доньку заміж за батрака. Петро з горя йде в шинок, де зустрічається з бродягою Басаврюком, якого місцеві вважають дияволом у людській подобі. Басаврюк пропонує Петрові угоду — хлопець допоможе бродязі, а натомість той підкаже, як Петрові отримати красуню в дружини…

В ролях
 Лариса Кадочникова — Пидорка
 Борис Хмельницький — Петро
 Юхим Фрідман — Басаврюк
 Дмитро Франько — Корж
 Борислав Брондуков — ряджений
 Михайло Іллєнко — ряджений
 Віктор Панченко — ряджений
 Давид Яновер — пан
 Костянтин Єршов — піп
 Джемма Фірсова (Мікоша) — відьма
 С. Підлісна
 Микола Силіс — шинкар
 Сашко Сергієнко — Івась
 В епізодах: І. Вихристюк, Георгій Дюльгеров, Людмила Колесник, В. Лисицин, В. Лемпорт, Н. Манзій, С. Михай, І. Мілютенко, В. Саунін, М. Чинкуров, Сергій Якутович; сліпі та вершники — жителі села Бучак

Творча група
 Сценарист та режисер-постановник: Юрій Іллєнко
 Оператор-постановник: Вадим Іллєнко
 Ескізи художника В. Левенталя
 Композитор: Леонід Грабовський
 Звукооператор: Леонід Вачі
 Художники-постановники: Петро Максименко, Валерій Новаков
 Художник-декоратор: Микола Терещенко
 Художник по костюмах: Лідія Байкова
 Розпис декорацій: В. Лемпорт, Єлизавета Миронова
 Режисер: Людмила Колесник
 Оператор: Вілен Калюта
 Художник-гример: Яків Грінберг
 Редактор: Юрій Пархоменко
 Монтажер: Наталія Пищикова
 Асистенти режисера: Емілія Іллєнко, Л. Кустова, І. Мілютенко, Георгій Дюльгеров
 Асистенти оператора: О. Найда, Майя Степанова, Ю. Тимощук
 Асистент художника: Сергій Бржестовський
 Художник комбінованих зйомок: Володимир Цирлін
 Оператор комбінованих зйомок: Г. Сигалов
 Директор картини: Давид Яновер

Джерела

Посилання

 Вечір на Івана Купала (1968) VHSRip // YouTube
 У ніч на Івана Купала

Фільми СРСР 1968
Екранізації фентезійних літературних творів
Фільми Української РСР
Фільми кіностудії імені Олександра Довженка
Фільми-драми СРСР
Екранізації творів Миколи Гоголя
Фентезійні фільми України
100 найкращих фільмів в історії українського кіно
Українські фільми 1968


text:
A brit birodalmi tevés alakulatok emlékműve (Imperial Camel Corps Memorial) egy első világháborús emlékmű Londonban, amely a Közel-Keleten harcoló tevés alakulatok hősi halottjainak állít emléket. Alkotója Cecil Brown volt.

Története
A tevés alakulatokat, amelyek valójában teveszállítású gyalogosalakulatok voltak, 1916 januárjában hozták létre a britek. Először négy függetlenül tevékenykedő századot alakítottak ki, amelyek egyenként 130 emberből álltak, később pedig négy zászlóaljból álló ezreddé fejlesztették. Az egység a háború végére elérte a 4150-es létszámot, a teveállomány pedig a 4800-at. Az alakulatban britek, ausztrálok és új-zélandiak szolgáltak, elsősorban a palesztinai és Sínai-félszigeti harcokban vettek részt.

Az emlékmű egy 180 centiméter magas, szögletes kőoszlop, amelynek a tetején egy bronzplasztika áll. Utóbbi egy tevén ülő katonát ábrázol. A kőoszlopon két bronzplaketten háborús jelenetek láthatók, illetve másik két táblán az alakulat 347 elesett katonájának neve olvasható. Feltüntették azokat a csatákat is, amelyekben a tevés alakulat harcolt.

Az emlékművet 1921. július 22-én leplezte le Philip Chetwode tábornok, aki számos csatában irányította a nemzetközösségi alakulatokat a Közel-Keleten. A Temzéhez közel, a Victoria Embankment Gardensben áll. 1999-ben a westminsteri városi tanács felújíttatta.

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text:
Gibson Brands, Inc. (formerly Gibson Guitar Corporation) is an American manufacturer of guitars, other musical instruments, and professional audio equipment from Kalamazoo, Michigan, and now based in Nashville, Tennessee. The company was formerly known as Gibson Guitar Corporation and renamed Gibson Brands, Inc. on June 11, 2013.

Orville Gibson started making instruments in 1894 and founded the company in 1902 as the Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Mfg. Co. Ltd. in Kalamazoo, Michigan, to make mandolin-family instruments. Gibson invented archtop guitars by constructing the same type of carved, arched tops used on violins. By the 1930s, the company was also making flattop acoustic guitars, as well as one of the first commercially available hollow-body electric guitars, used and popularized by Charlie Christian. In 1944, Gibson was bought by Chicago Musical Instruments (CMI), which was acquired in 1969 by Panama-based conglomerate Ecuadorian Company Limited (ECL), that changed its name in the same year to Norlin Corporation. Gibson was owned by Norlin Corporation from 1969 to 1986. In 1986, the company was acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman. In November 2018, the company was acquired by a group of investors led by private equity firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts.

Gibson sells guitars under a variety of brand names and builds one of the world's best-known guitars, the Gibson Les Paul. Gibson was at the forefront of innovation in acoustic guitars, especially in the big band era of the 1930s; the Gibson Super 400 was widely imitated. In 1952, Gibson introduced its first solid-body electric guitar, the Les Paul, which became its most popular guitar to date—designed by a team led by Ted McCarty.

In addition to guitars, Gibson offers consumer electronics through the Gibson Pro Audio division, which includes KRK.

On May 1, 2018, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, and announced a restructuring plan to return to profitability by closing down unprofitable consumer electronics divisions such as Gibson Innovations. The company exited Chapter 11 bankruptcy in November 2018.

In January 2020, the company launched Gibson TV, an online television network focused on guitars and music culture.

History

Beginnings

Orville Gibson patented a single-piece mandolin design in 1898 that was more durable than other mandolins and could be manufactured in volume. Orville Gibson began to sell his instruments in 1894 out of a one-room workshop in Kalamazoo, Michigan. In 1902, the Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Mfg. Co. Ltd. was incorporated to market the instruments. Initially, the company produced only Orville Gibson's original designs. The company moved into the Gibson, Inc. Factory and Office Building in 1917. Orville died in 1918 of endocarditis (inflammation of the inside lining of the heart chambers and valves).

The following year, the company hired designer Lloyd Loar to create newer instruments. Loar designed the flagship L-5 archtop guitar and the Gibson F-5 mandolin that was introduced in 1922, before leaving the company in 1924. In 1936, Gibson introduced its first "Electric Spanish" model, the ES-150, followed by other electric instruments like steel guitars, banjos and mandolins.

Following Loar, Guy Hart was the next major figure to influence the company. Musician-writer Walter Carter called the next two decades "The Guy Hart Era" and spelled it out in his definitive history of the company: .

"Guy Hart ran Gibson from 1924-1948 -- the most important period in the company history since the debut of Gibson instruments at the turn of the century and, moreover, the period of greatest innovation for the guitar since the emergence of the six-string guitar in the late 1700s. As the guitar rose to prominence, so did Gibson. Under Hart's management, Gibson developed the Super 400 … still considered the best of their kind … the flattop line and the SJ-200 [that] put Gibson in a class by itself [and] Gibson's prominent place in the electric guitar market."

During the global economic depression of the 1930s Hart "kept the company in business and kept the paychecks coming for the workers," in part by introducing a line of high-quality wooden toys. "And as the country began its economic recovery in the mid 1930s, he ... opened new markets overseas." Then in the 1940s he led the company though World War II by converting the factory to wartime production, winning an Army-Navy "E" award for excellence. After the war he returned the factory to instruments before he retired.

During World War II, instrument manufacturing at Gibson slowed due to shortages of wood and metal, and Gibson began manufacturing wood and metal parts for the military. Between 1942–1945, Gibson employed women to manufacture guitars. "Women produced nearly 25,000 guitars during World War II yet Gibson denied ever building instruments over this period," according to a 2013 history of the company. Gibson folklore has also claimed its guitars were made by "seasoned craftsmen" who were "too old for war."

In 1944, Gibson was purchased by Chicago Musical Instruments. The ES-175 was introduced in 1949. Gibson hired Ted McCarty in 1948, who became President in 1950. He led an expansion of the guitar line with new guitars such as the "Les Paul" guitar introduced in 1952, endorsed by Les Paul, a popular musician in the 1950s. The guitar was offered in Custom, Standard, Special, and Junior models.

In the mid-1950s, the Thinline series was produced, which included a line of thinner guitars like the Byrdland. The first Byrdlands were slim, custom built, L-5 models for guitarists Billy Byrd and Hank Garland. Later, a shorter neck was added. Other models such as the ES-350T and the ES-225T were introduced as less costly alternatives. In 1958, Gibson introduced the ES-335T model. Similar in size to the hollow-body Thinlines, the ES-335 family had a solid center, giving the string tone a longer sustain.

In the 1950s, Gibson also produced the Tune-o-matic bridge system and its version of the humbucking pickup, the PAF ("Patent Applied For"), first released in 1957 and still sought after for its sound.

In 1958, Gibson produced two new designs: the eccentrically shaped Explorer and Flying V. These "modernistic" guitars did not sell initially. It was only in the late 1960s and early 70s when the two guitars were reintroduced to the market that they sold  well. The Firebird, in the early 60s, was a reprise of the modernistic idea, though less extreme.

Modernization
In the late 1950s, McCarty knew that Gibson was seen as a traditional company and began an effort to create more modern guitars. In 1961 the body design of the Les Paul was changed due to the demand for a double-cutaway body design. The new body design then became known as the SG (for "solid guitar"), due to disapproval from Les Paul himself. The original Les Paul design returned to the Gibson catalog in 1968.

On December 22, 1969, Gibson parent company Chicago Musical Instruments was taken over by the South American brewing conglomerate ECL. Gibson remained under the control of CMI until 1974 when it became a subsidiary of Norlin Musical Instruments. Norlin Musical Instruments was a member of Norlin Industries which was named for ECL president Norton Stevens and CMI president Arnold Berlin. This began an era characterized by corporate mismanagement and decreasing product quality.

Between 1976 and 1984, production of Gibson guitars was shifted from Kalamazoo to Nashville, Tennessee. The Kalamazoo plant kept going for a few years as a custom-instrument shop, but was closed in 1984; several Gibson employees led by plant manager Jim Duerloo, plant superintendent Marv Lamb and J.P. Moats established Heritage Guitars in the old factory, building versions of classic Gibson designs.

The company was within three months of going out of business before it was bought by Henry E. Juszkiewicz, David H. Berryman, and Gary A. Zebrowski in January 1986. Gibson's wholesale shipments in 1993 were an estimated $70 million, up from $50 million in 1992. When Juszkiewicz and Berryman took over in 1986, sales were below $10 million. New production plants were opened in Memphis, Tennessee, as well as Bozeman, Montana. The Memphis facility is used for semi-hollow and custom shop instruments, while the Bozeman facility is dedicated to acoustic instruments.

Since 2007
Gibson purchased Garrison Guitars in 2007. In mid-2009, Gibson reduced its work force to adjust for a decline in guitar industry sales in the United States.

In 2011, Gibson acquired the Stanton Group, including Cerwin Vega, KRK Systems and Stanton DJ. Gibson then formed a new division, Gibson Pro Audio, which will deliver professional grade audio items, including headphones, loudspeakers and DJ equipment. In June 2020, Cerwin Vega Inc. acquired Cerwin Vega from Gibson. On May 21, 2021, Stanton was sold to inMusic.

Gibson announced a partnership with the Japanese-based Onkyo Corporation in 2012. Onkyo, known for audio equipment and home theater systems, became part of the Gibson Pro-Audio division. In 2013, Gibson acquired a majority stake in TEAC Corporation. In 2014, Gibson acquired the Woox consumer electronics brand from Royal Philips. In October 2017, Gibson announced plans to relocate its Memphis operations to a smaller location and plans to sell the Memphis property. Gibson opened its Memphis facility 18 years before, which occupies just a portion of a massive 127,620 square foot complex. According to the Memphis Daily News, Gibson plans to search for a new facility for its Memphis operations and will stay in the current spot for the next 18 to 24 months. The facility, which sits across from the FedExForum along South B.B. King Boulevard, is expected to list for $17 million.

Since its opening, the Gibson Memphis shop mostly focused on building hollow and semi-hollowbody guitars, such as the famed ES series. Presumably, this shuffling of assets was meant to address Gibson's well-publicized financial troubles.

Gibson issued a press release about the move, with former CEO Henry Juszkiewicz stating:
"We are extremely excited about this next phase of growth that we believe will benefit both our employees, and the Memphis community. I remember when our property had abandoned buildings, and Beale Street was in decline. It is with great pride that I can see the development of this area with a basketball arena, hotels, and a resurgent pride in the musical heritage of the great city of Memphis. We continue to love the Memphis community and hope to be a key contributor to its future when we move nearby to a more appropriate location for our manufacturing based business, allowing the world the benefit of our great American craftsmen."
In December 2017, the Gibson Guitar Factory building in downtown Memphis was sold to Somera Road, an investment company in New York. Two years later Gibson closed the Memphis factory and moved hollow-body production to Nashville. It also moved its Nashville headquarters to Cummins Station in 2019. Gibson also started shipping Murphy Lab guitars through its Murphy Lab Division of the Gibson Custom Shop in March 2021. The opening of this division was announced in December 2019.

Bankruptcy
On May 1, 2018, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.  As part of its debt restructuring, the company closed and liquidated the unprofitable Gibson Innovations division, which was focused on selling audio equipment outside of the U.S., allowing Gibson to focus on its most profitable ventures, such as musical instruments. The production of Gibson and Epiphone branded guitars was not interrupted by the bankruptcy. Additionally, $135 million was provided by existing creditors to provide liquidity to maintain existing operations.

Later that year Juszkiewicz stepped down as CEO and assumed the role of consultant, and a new management team was put in place. The company exited Chapter 11 bankruptcy in November 2018.

Record label
In July 2021, Gibson announced the launch of Gibson Records, a record label focused on releasing "guitar-centric music, across genres", with their first album being the upcoming fourth studio album from Slash feat. Myles Kennedy & The Conspirators, 4.

Legal actions

Origin of "lawsuit guitars"
In 1977, Gibson sued Hoshino Gakki/Elger Guitars for copying the "archtop" headstock. The lawsuit was settled out of court, and Ibanez replaced the headstock with a revised design.

In 2000, Gibson sued Fernandes Guitars in a Tokyo court for allegedly copying Gibson designs. Gibson did not prevail.

PRS
Gibson also sued PRS Guitars in 2005, to stop them from making their Singlecut model. Initially successful, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit reversed the lower court's decision and ordered the dismissal of Gibson's suit against PRS.

FWS raids & Lacey Act violation
Gibson's factories were raided in 2009 and 2011 by agents of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). In November 2009, authorities found illegally imported ebony wood from Madagascar. A second raid was conducted in August 2011, during which the FWS seized wood imports from India that had been mislabeled on the US Customs declaration. Gibson Guitar Corp. filed a motion in January 2011 to recover seized materials and overturn the charges, which was denied by the court.

The United States Department of Justice found emails from 2008 and 2009 in which Gibson employees discussed the "gray market" nature of the ebony wood available from a German wood dealer—who obtained it from a supplier in Madagascar—as well as plans to obtain the wood. It filed a civil proceeding in June 2011, the first such case under the amended Lacey Act, which requires importing companies to purchase legally harvested wood and follow the environmental laws of the producing countries regardless of corruption or lack of enforcement. Gibson argued in a statement the following day that authorities were "bullying Gibson without filing charges" and denied any wrongdoing. Arguing against the federal regulations and claiming that the move threatened jobs, Republicans and Tea Party members spoke out against the raids and supported Juszkiewicz.

The case was settled on August 6, 2012, with Gibson admitting to violating the Lacey Act and agreeing to pay a fine of $300,000 in addition to a $50,000 community payment. Gibson also forfeited the wood seized in the raids, which was valued at roughly the same amount as the settlement. However, in a subsequent statement Gibson maintained its innocence with Juszkiewicz claiming that "Gibson was inappropriately targeted" and that the government raids were "so outrageous and overreaching as to deserve further Congressional investigation."  Juszkiewicz continued to state, "We felt compelled to settle as the costs of proving our case at trial would have cost millions of dollars and taken a very long time to resolve."

Gibson reclaimed some wood stock that was confiscated during the raids, and produced a new series of guitar marketed to draw attention to the raids and seizures.

In the midst of the controversy, conservative commentators alleged that the raid was a politically motivated act of retaliation by the Obama administration, as Juszkiewicz had frequently donated to Republican politicians.  Chris Martin IV, the CEO of Gibson competitor C.F. Martin & Co., had donated over $35,000 to the Democratic National Committee and Democratic candidates in the same time period.  Though Martin featured several guitars in its catalog made with the same Indian wood as Gibson, but with correct documentation filed, the company was not subjected to a raid.

Paper Jamz
Gibson filed a lawsuit November 18, 2010, in Federal court, the Central District of California, against WowWee USA and their Paper Jamz battery operated guitar toys charging trademark infringement. The lawsuit claimed the Paper Jamz toy guitars copied the looks of some of Gibson's famous guitars, the Gibson Les Paul, the Gibson Flying V, the Gibson Explorer, and the Gibson SG. On December 21, 2010 Gibson was granted a request for an injunction against WowWee and retailers in the United States which were selling Paper Jamz guitars: Walmart, Amazon, Big Lots stores, Kmart Corporation, Target Corporation, Toys "R" Us, Walgreens, Brookstone, Best Buy, eBay, Toywiz.com, and Home Shopping Network (HSN) The case was dismissed with prejudice (dismissed permanently) January 11, 2011 by Federal Judge R. Gary Klausner.

Kiesel Guitars
Gibson sent a cease and desist letter to Kiesel concerning two models that Kiesel makes—the ultra V and the 'California Singlecut.' According to Jeff Kiesel, Vice President of Kiesel, the letter claims that Kiesel's design infringes upon the Flying V design of Gibson.

Warwick/Framus
German manufacturer Warwick was sued by Gibson with the claim that one of the models sold under the 'Framus' brand imitated the Flying V and that customers were being misled due to this. Gibson sought a stop on the sales of these guitars and also stated that "Warwick was unfairly exploiting the reputation of Gibson Guitars." The Hamburg regional court initially ruled in favour of Gibson in 2017. However, successive judgements from the Higher Regional Court and the Federal Supreme Court in November 2020 and September 2021 dismissed Gibson's lawsuits.

Dean Guitars
Gibson sued Dean Guitars in 2019 over trademark infringement related to several guitar shapes and names. The ruling in 2022 found that the Dean V, Dean Z, and Dean Gran Sport body shapes, as well as the Dovetail headstock design and the "Hummingbird" and "Moderne" names were infringing on Gibson's designs. The judgement awarded Gibson $4,000 in damages, far short of the $7 million alleged by Gibson.

Instruments

Gibson also owns and makes instruments under brands such as Epiphone, Kramer, Maestro, Steinberger, and Tobias, along with the ownership of historical brands such as Kalamazoo, Dobro, Valley Arts, and Baldwin (including Chickering, Hamilton, and Wurlitzer). It also owned Slingerland Drum Company but it was sold to Drum Workshop in November 2019. Gibson relaunched Kramer Guitars at Winter NAMM 2020 on January 16. Icon, Baretta, Pacer, Focus , and SM-1 are in the original collection with the modern collection including Assault, Striker , Nite-V, and Bass. The artists collaborations for the relaunched Kramer Guitar includes Tracii Guns 'Gunstar Voyager,' the Charlie Parra 'Vanguard' and the Dave Sabo 'Snake-Baret.

Gibson has long made authorized copies of its most successful guitar designs, under the Epiphone brand name. They are less expensive than those bearing the Gibson name. A former competitor, Epiphone, was purchased by Gibson in 1957 and now makes competitively-priced Gibson models, such as the Les Paul and SG, sold under the Epiphone brand, while continuing to make Epiphone-specific models like the Sheraton, Sorrento, and Casino.  In Japan, Orville by Gibson once made Gibson designs sold in that country. Gibson has sought legal action against those that make and sell guitars Gibson believes are too similar to their own.

In 1977, Gibson introduced the serial numbering system in use until 2006. An eight-digit number on the back shows the date when the instrument was produced, where it was produced, and its order of production that day (e.g., first instrument stamped that day, second, etc.). An exception is the year 1994, Gibson's centennial year; many 1994 serial numbers start with "94", followed by a six-digit production number. As of 2006, the company used seven (six since 1999) serial number systems, making it difficult to identify guitars by their serial number alone. The Gibson website provides a book to help with serial number deciphering.

In 2006, Gibson introduced a nine-digit serial number system replacing the eight-digit system used since 1977, but the sixth digit now represents a batch number.

In 2003, Gibson debuted its Ethernet-based audio protocol, MaGIC, which it developed in partnership with 3Com, Advanced Micro Devices, and Xilinx. Replacing traditional analog hook-ups with a digital connection to "satisfy the unique requirements of live audio performances". This system requires a special pickup, and cabling is provided by a standard Cat-5 Ethernet cable.

The Gibson "self-tuning guitar", also known as a "robot model", an option on some newer Les Paul, SG, Flying V and Explorer instruments, tunes itself in about two seconds using robotics technology developed by Tronical GmbH. Under the tradename Min-ETune, this device became standard on several models in 2014.

In 2013, Gibson introduced the Government Series of Les Paul, SG, Flying V, Explorer and ES-335 guitars which were constructed solely of tonewood the US government seized but later returned to Gibson after the resolution of the company's Lacey Act violation in 2011. The guitars were finished in "government grey" and also featured decorations which intended to draw attention to the issue of government. A year later in 2014, Gibson released the Government Series II of guitars, which were essentially the same as the first series, only finished in a new color: "government tan".

In 2021, Gibson acquired the iconic electric guitar amplifier brand, Mesa Boogie.

Factories

All Gibson-brand guitars are currently made at two facilities, depending on the type of guitar.  Electric guitars such as the Gibson Les Paul, Gibson ES-335, and the Gibson SG are made in Nashville, Tennessee.  Until 2019, Semi-acoustic guitars, such as the Gibson ES Series, were made in Memphis, Tennessee, but that operation moved to Nashville during the company's restructuring as they emerged from bankruptcy protection.

Full acoustic guitars such as the Gibson J Series are made in Bozeman, Montana. In 2021-2022, Gibson expanded the Bozeman facility from  to . The new expansion will be providing 100-200 new job opportunities in the area. The Factory itself has been in Bozeman since the 1980's.

While all Gibson branded guitars have always been built in the United States, either at these two or other prior facilities, other brands owned by the Gibson corporation may be made in other facilities, such as Epiphone-branded guitars, which are mostly built in a facility in Qingdao, China.

Below are some of the facilities used to produce Gibson instruments, along with years of their operation:

See also
 David Harvey (luthier)
 Eden of Coronet guitar
 Jim Triggs (luthier)
 Lloyd Loar (luthier)
 List of Gibson players

Footnotes

References

External links

Gibson Guitars Database

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Banjo manufacturing companies
Guitar manufacturing companies of the United States
Bass guitar manufacturing companies
Guitar amplifier manufacturers
American companies established in 1902
Manufacturing companies established in 1902
1902 establishments in Michigan
Manufacturing companies based in Tennessee
1902 in music
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2018
Mandolin makers
Bozeman, Montana
Nashville, Tennessee
Kalamazoo, Michigan
Memphis, Tennessee