text:
L'Hypo Group Tennis International 1991 è stato un torneo di tennis giocato sulla terra rossa. È stata l'11ª edizione dell'Hypo Group Tennis International, che fa parte della categoria World Series nell'ambito dell'ATP Tour 1991. Si è giocato a Genova in Italia, dal 17 al 23 giugno 1991.

Campioni

Singolare

 Carl-Uwe Steeb ha battuto in finale  Jordi Arrese 6-3, 6-4

Doppio

 Marcos Górriz /  Alfonso Mora hanno battuto in finale  Massimo Ardinghi /  Massimo Boscatto 5–7, 7–5, 6–3

Collegamenti esterni

ATP Tour 1991


text:
Biografia

Janinet è considerato dalla critica artistica uno dei più importanti incisori a colori francesi e si mise in evidenza per le sue innovazioni tecniche, quali l'acquatinta in quadricromia, oltreché per lo stile caratterizzato dall'intensità dei colori.

Figlio d'arte, Janinet si formò artisticamente frequentando dal 1772 l'Accademia Reale e sin dai suoi esordi, con l'opera Ritratto di Maria Antonietta, il suo nome diventò celebre nel suo Paese.

Per realizzare le sue opere, Janinet prese spunti dai lavori di pittori olandesi e francesi, quali Hubert Robert, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Jean-Baptiste Greuze, oltreché dai disegni di Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand.

Tra i suoi lavori più significativi, si possono citare Le Baiser de l'amour e Le Satyre impatient.

Janinet realizzò le illustrazioni dei Costumi e Annali dei grandi teatri parigini e partecipò a numerose edizioni del Salon al Museo del Louvre.

Durante la Rivoluzione francese Janinet cambiò le sue fonti di ispirazione e le tematiche dei suoi lavori riguardarono gli eventi storici e politici parigini e di Versailles.

Janinet, durante la sua carriera artistica, studiò anche materie scientifiche, quali la chimica e la fisica e si impegnò nella progettazione di aerostati.

La figlia di Janinet, Sophie, seguì le orme artistiche del padre.

Note

Bibliografia

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Waynesboro est le nom de plusieurs localités aux États-Unis :
 Waynesboro, une localité, chef-lieu du comté de Burke en Géorgie,
 Waynesboro (Mississippi) (population: 5 197 habitants)
 Waynesboro (Pennsylvanie) (population: 9 614 habitants)
 Waynesboro (Tennessee) (population: 2 153 habitants)
 Waynesboro (population : 21 454 habitants), une localité de Virginie,


text:
Lance Rozeboom (born May 31, 1989) is an American soccer player.

Career

College and Amateur
Rozeboom spent his entire college career at the University of New Mexico.  In his freshman year in 2008, he made 16 appearances for the Lobos, but didn't record a goal or an assist that year.  In 2009, he made started all 20 games for the Lobos and finished with a goal and an assist each.  His lone goal came in the first round of the 2009 NCAA College Cup against the University of Portland.  Unfortunately, New Mexico would end up losing that match 2–1 in extra time.  Rozeboom went on to be named Second team All-Mountain Pacific Sports Federation, Academic All-MPSF and ESPN the Magazine Academic All-District VI First Team in 2009.  In 2010, he started all 20 games for the Lobos and finished with two goals and two assists on his way to being named First Team All-MPSF and Third Team All-West.  In 2011, he started all 22 games and finished with three goals and two assists on his way to being named First-Team All-MPSF, First-Team All-Far West and was named to Top Drawer Soccer's Top 100 list (No. 37).

Rozeboom also played three years with Des Moines Menace in the USL Premier Development League.

Professional
On January 17, 2012, Rozeboom was drafted in the second round (26th overall) of the 2012 MLS Supplemental Draft by D.C. United.  After an impressive preseason, he signed a professional contract with the club on March 7.  On March 23, Rozeboom suffered a Torn ACL during training and was ruled out for the rest of the season.  He was released from the club on February 27, 2013, without making a single appearance for the club.

On March 20, 2013, Rozeboom joined USL Pro club Rochester Rhinos for the 2013 season.  He made his professional debut on April 13 in a 3–0 defeat to VSI Tampa Bay FC.

On November 17, 2014, it was announced Rozeboom have moved to new USL Pro franchise Austin Aztex.

On December 18, 2015, Rozeboom and fellow Austin teammate Fernando Timbó were signed by Ottawa Fury FC of the North American Soccer League. He was re-signed for the 2017 season as the team jumped to the United Soccer League and latter named the third captain in team history.

Rozeboom signed with fellow USL club Tampa Bay Rowdies on January 8, 2018.

Career statistics

References

External links
New Mexico Lobos bio

1989 births
Living people
American soccer players
Association football midfielders
Austin Aztex players
D.C. United draft picks
D.C. United players
Des Moines Menace players
Expatriate soccer players in Canada
Miami FC players
New Mexico Lobos men's soccer players
North American Soccer League players
Ottawa Fury FC players
People from Linn County, Iowa
Rochester New York FC players
Soccer players from Iowa
Tampa Bay Rowdies players
USL Championship players
USL League Two players
National Independent Soccer Association players


text:
Flávio de Rezende Carvalho (1899–1973) was a Brazilian architect and artist.

Biography
Carvalho was educated in France from 1911 to 1914, and then in Newcastle-upon-Tyne until 1922, attending the King Edward the Seventh School of Fine Arts and Durham University's Armstrong College. In Newcastle he obtained degrees in both civil engineering and fine art. Carvalho returned to São Paulo in 1922, joining a local construction firm, before designing his own buildings and creating numerous artworks. In all his diverse practice he was influenced by the writings of Sigmund Freud and of the social anthropologist James Frazer.

Career
Carvalho was noted for his experimental architectural designs, such as a 1928 scheme for the Governor's Palace in São Paulo, which offered a militaristic version of modernist architecture. "According to Carvalho, his design for the Palácio responded to the decade-long buildup to [Brazil's] Revolution of 1930"; after the upheaval of the 1920s, which included labor unrest and several politically-motivated revolts, Carvalho's design implied that "the seat of government would have to be militarily defensible." Carvalho's drawings for the Palácio show a contiguous cluster of variously sized, low-slung prisms, rising toward a central vertical slab. Architectural historian Lauro Cavalcanti writes that, Carvalho's "freedom and lack of commitment to rigid dogmas led him to create a personal language that mixed styles, references and construction techniques." This openness has also made that Carvalho has been hailed as pivotal figure in activating discussions about the relationship and overlaps between art and architecture. Conversely, art historian Adrian Anagnost argues that Carvalho's "design proposals and performative actions foregrounded the potential of modern architecture and urban planning principles to act as spatial checks on the raw power of Brazil's emergent urban crowds"; and that this stance was "rooted in a deep antipathy toward non-elites, rather than an emancipatory collectivity."

Carvalho frequently courted controversy in his time, creating various "performances" before the term was coined. In 1931, he walked in the opposite direction of a Corpus Christi parade in São Paulo, driving the crowd into a riotous state, which he later justified as an "experiment" in crowd psychology. This work, the Experiência n. 2 has come to be understood as an early work of performance art, but it could also be understood in terms of Surrealist provocation that comments on the contested structures of political and religious authority in São Paulo following the Revolution of 1930.

In late 1932, Carvalho cofounded the Clube dos Artistas Modernas (CAM; Club of Modern Artists) in São Paulo along with other artists including Emiliano Di Cavalcanti. The CAM was intended as a bohemian space with a small art library and a bar. Its diverse events included live drawing sessions; occasional exhibitions; lectures on Brazilian folklore, Antropofagic poetry, proletarian art, Russian politics, and the plight of children on cocoa plantations in Bahia; and performances of samba, tango, Afro-Brazilian macumba, Russian ballet, Japanese martial arts, and classical chamber music. The class and racial mixing of the audiences at CAM events brought the venue to the attention of Brazil's morals police, who placed the Club under surveillance to root out leftists. In 1933, Carvalho wrote the provocative play Dance of the Dead God to be performed at the modernist Teatro da Experiência (Experimental Theater) at CAM, with spatial design by Carvalho and fellow CAM artists including Tarsila do Amaral and Lívio de Abramo, but the play was shuttered by the morals police after three showings due to the São Paulo government's desire to "limit spaces where cross-class and cross-race political alliances might develop, since the Bailado foregrounded Afro-Brazilian and mixed-race performers within an avowedly vanguard space that catered to mixed-class crowds."

Carvalho's other architectural designs include the Main House at Capuava Ranch in rural São Paulo State and a modernist residential complex at Alameda Lorena in the Jardim Paulista neighborhood of São Paulo.

Amongst Carvalho's most noted works is the 1947 series of drawings in charcoal on paper Tragic Series, which depicted the death of his mother.

As an artist Carvalho represented Brazil at the 1950 Venice Biennial.

Carvalho could regularly be seen female clothing, ostensibly as part of a performance art piece he dubbed the New Look in 1956, and his provocations were rediscovered by a later generation of artists interested in performance, including Hélio Oiticica.

References

Alumni of Armstrong College, Durham
1899 births
1973 deaths
Brazilian performance artists
Brazilian architects
Brazilian expatriates in France
Brazilian expatriates in the United Kingdom


text:
I peggiori anni della nostra vita può riferirsi a:

I peggiori anni della nostra vita film italiano del 1949 diretto da Mario Amendola
I peggiori anni della nostra vita film spagnolo del 1994 diretto da Emilio Martínez Lázaro


text:
La squadra britannica di Fed Cup (Great Britain Fed Cup team) rappresenta la Gran Bretagna nella Fed Cup, ed è posta sotto l'egida della Lawn Tennis Association. Tenniste inglesi, scozzesi e gallesi possono essere selezionate per la squadra, mentre le nordirlandesi sono selezionabili insieme alle tenniste della Repubblica d'Irlanda nella squadra irlandese.

La squadra partecipa alla competizione dal 1963, anno della prima edizione, non riuscendo tuttavia mai a conquistare il titolo ma perdendo ben quattro finali nel 1967, 1971, 1972 e 1981, rispettivamente contro Stati Uniti, Australia, Sudafrica e ancora Stati Uniti.

Risultati

2010-2019

Voci correlate
 Fed Cup
 Squadra britannica di Coppa Davis

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Tennis
Gran Bretagna
Tennis nel Regno Unito


text:
Frank Denby was a British gymnast. He competed in the men's team event at the 1908 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
British male artistic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts of Great Britain
Gymnasts at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing


text:
Kackrow, , ist ein Ortsteil der Gemeinde Kolkwitz im Südosten des Landes Brandenburg. Bis zur Eingliederung nach Krieschow-Wiesendorf am 1. Januar 1972 war Kackrow eine eigenständige Gemeinde.

Lage
Kackrow liegt in der Niederlausitz, etwa zehn Kilometer südöstlich von Vetschau und elf Kilometer südwestlich des Cottbuser Altmarktes. Umliegende Ortschaften sind Limberg im Norden, Glinzig und Putgolla im Nordosten, Hänchen im Osten, die zur Stadt Drebkau gehörenden Ortsteile Leuthen im Südosten sowie Koschendorf und Illmersdorf im Süden, der Vetschauer Ortsteil Brodtkowitz im Westen sowie Krieschow im Nordwesten.

Kackrow liegt an einer Gemeindestraße, die nach Limberg führt. Unmittelbar südlich des Ortes verläuft die Bundesautobahn 15, die Landesstraße 49 von Lübbenau nach Cottbus liegt drei Kilometer nördlich von Kackrow. Östlich des Ortes fließt das Koselmühlenfließ, welches die östliche Gemarkungsgrenze Kackrows bildet.

Geschichte
Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wurde Kackrow im Jahr 1446. Die Schreibweise des Ortsnamens lautete damals Kackerow, der Name stammt aus der sorbischen Sprache und bezieht sich auf die Lage des Dorfes an einem "niedrigen und struppigen Gehölz". Der Ort liegt in einer sehr waldreichen Gegend.

Laut der Topographisch-statistischen Übersicht des Regierungsbezirks Frankfurt a. d. O. aus dem Jahr 1844 gab es in Kackrow in diesem Jahr 23 Wohngebäude, der Ort hatte damals 154 Einwohner. Der Ort gehörte zur Gemeinde Wiesendorf und war nach Krieschow eingepfarrt. Im Jahr 1867 wurde ein Gesindehaus in Kackrow erwähnt. Der Ort hatte damals 169 Einwohner. Kackrow war früher ein rein sorbischsprachiges Dorf. Arnošt Muka zählte für seine Statistik über die Sorben der Lausitz 136 sorbischsprachige Einwohner bei insgesamt 140 Einwohnern. In der folgenden Zeit ging der Anteil sorbischsprachiger Einwohner in Kackrow stark zurück, Ernst Tschernik ermittelte 1956 einen sorbischsprachigen Anteil von nur noch 7,6 %.

Beim Wiener Kongress im Jahr 1815 wurden nach der Niederlage des Königreiches Sachsen Gebietsabtretungen an das Königreich Preußen beschlossen, die auch Kackrow betrafen. Danach lag die Gemeinde im Landkreis Cottbus im Regierungsbezirk Frankfurt in der Provinz Brandenburg. Nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges wurde die Gemeinde Kackrow Teil der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone und später der DDR. Bei der Kreisreform am 25. Juli 1952 kam das Dorf an den Kreis Cottbus-Land im Bezirk Cottbus, wo Kackrow am 1. Januar 1972 nach Krieschow eingemeindet wurde. Nach der Wende wurde der Kreis Cottbus-Land in Landkreis Cottbus umbenannt. Im Zuge der Kreisreform Brandenburg 1993 kam die Gemeinde Krieschow mit ihren Ortsteilen Kackrow und Wiesendorf in den Landkreis Spree-Neiße und wurde zeitgleich nach Kolkwitz eingemeindet.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Persönlichkeiten
 Friedrich Wilhelm Nevoigt (1859–1937), Fabrikant, wurde in Kackrow geboren

Weblinks
 Kackrow auf der Seite der Gemeinde Kolkwitz

Nachweise

Ort in der Niederlausitz
Ort im Landkreis Spree-Neiße
Geographie (Kolkwitz)
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Spree-Neiße)
Ersterwähnung 1446
Gemeindeauflösung 1972


text:
Cyrtopodium punctatum är en orkidéart som först beskrevs av Carl von Linné, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av John Lindley. Cyrtopodium punctatum ingår i släktet Cyrtopodium, och familjen orkidéer. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Orkidéer
punctatum


text:
Schweinitzer Fließ is a river in Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It flows into the Schwarze Elster near Jessen (Elster).

See also
List of rivers of Brandenburg
List of rivers of Saxony-Anhalt

Rivers of Brandenburg
Rivers of Saxony-Anhalt
Rivers of Germany


text:
Флаг Тавдинского городского округа — официальный символ муниципального образования «Тавдинский городской округ» Свердловской области Российской Федерации.

Флаг утверждён 24 апреля 2003 года как флаг муниципального образования Тавдинский район (после муниципальной реформы — Тавдинский городской округ) и внесён в Государственный геральдический регистр Российской Федерации с присвоением регистрационного номера 1171.

Описание
«Прямоугольное полотнище с соотношением сторон 2:3, разделённое по вертикали на две равные полосы: зелёную и красную. По центру полотнища помещено изображение фигур районного герба: ладья со щитом и скачущий лось, выполненные белым, жёлтым и чёрным цветами. Обратная сторона зеркально воспроизводит лицевую».

Обоснование символики
Лось и ладья со щитом Ермака служат напоминанием об истории освоения края русскими поселенцами. Ладья, кроме того, символизирует ту роль, которую играла река Тавда как транспортная артерия, обеспечивающая сообщение между собственно Россией (красная полоса) и Сибирью (зелёная полоса). Фигура скачущего лося говорит о лесных богатствах округа, силе и независимости его обитателей.

Примечания


text:
Les langues italiques sont une branche de la famille des langues indo-européennes. Elles regroupent les langues sabelliques et les langues latino-falisques. Le vénète et le sicule sont souvent rattachés aux langues italiques.

Les langues italiques doivent leur nom à la région où ces langues étaient parlées, l'Italie. Les peuples parlant ces langues sont eux-mêmes dénommés Italiques.

La langue italique la plus importante historiquement fut le latin, langue du Latium et de la Rome antique devenue celle de l'Empire romain, et dont l'évolution produisit le groupe des langues romanes. Supplantées par le latin, toutes les autres langues italiques se sont éteintes sans laisser de descendance actuelle.

Classification interne
 Langues italiques
langues sabelliques (ou osco-ombriennes)
 osque, parlé dans la région centre-méridionale de la péninsule italienne
 samnite
 marse
 marrucin
 pélignien
 vestinien
 sabin
 èque
 volsque
 ombrien (à ne pas confondre avec le dialecte italien actuel)
 sud-picène
 lucanien
 langues latino-falisques (ou italo-falisques)
 falisque parlé au nord de Rome
 latin parlé dans le centre-ouest de l'Italie, étendu ensuite à tout l'Empire romain.
langues romanes
 vénète (hypothèse fréquente) et liburnien
 sicule (hypothèse fréquente)

Histoire

Les locuteurs italiques n'étaient pas originaires d'Italie, mais y immigrèrent vers 1500 av. J.-C. (voir culture apenninique), probablement des Alpes dinariques dans les Balkans (voir culture de Vučedol). Avant cette migration, l'Italie était peuplée de groupes peut-être indo-européens tels que les Ligures mais difficilement identifiables avec certitude.

Les langues italiques sont attestées pour la première fois par des inscriptions latines des  ou , en alphabet vieil italique, fondé sur l'alphabet grec. Ces langues furent influencées par l'étrusque et le grec.

Avec l'expansion de Rome, le latin parlé fortement imprégné des autres idiomes italiques devint la langue italique la plus importante, tandis que les autres déclinèrent et disparurent tout à fait aux alentours du . Les langues romanes commencèrent ainsi à naître du latin vulgaire.

Le vénète, autrefois classé plus souvent parmi les langues illyriques, est davantage connu aujourd'hui à travers des nombreuses inscriptions incluant des phrases complètes. Il apparaît que cette langue est très proche des autres langues italiques, et la plupart des linguistes modernes n'hésitent pas à le classer dans cette branche.

 a également montré que l'anthroponomie de la zone nord-ouest de l'ancienne province romaine d'Illyrie (qu'il appelle « nord-adriatique »), soit le pays du peuple liburne, fait partie d'un espace anthroponymique plus vaste, comprenant l'ensemble du pays vénète, l'Istrie, et allant jusqu'aux Alpes orientales. La zone anthroponomymique contiguë, qu'il appelle « dalmato-pannonienne », correspondant aux pays des Dalmates et des Iapodes à l'époque de la conquête romaine et se prolongeant jusqu'en Pannonie, a également de nombreux traits communs avec la première.
Ces découvertes dessinent un tout nouveau visage aux langues italiques, dont le territoire se prolongerait jusqu'en Europe centrale.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Bernard Sergent, Les Indo-Européens, Payot, Paris, 1995.

Articles connexes
 linguistique
 liste de langues
 langues par famille
 langues indo-européennes
 Italo-celtique

Liens externes

Langue indo-européenne


text:
El término Mauricio Martínez puede hacer referencia a:

 Mauricio Martínez, actor y cantante mexicano;
 Mauricio Jaramillo Martínez, abogado y político colombiano;
 Mauricio Martínez, futbolista argentino;
 Mauricio Martínez Zambrano, poeta chileno;
 Mauricio Martínez, futbolista venezolano;


text:
Der Name Cypern ist:
Die veraltete Bezeichnung einer Insel im östlichen Mittelmeer, siehe Zypern
Ein Trivialname der Pflanzenart Prunus domestica subsp. insititia, siehe Kriechenpflaume.


text:
Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for All and None (), also translated as Thus Spake Zarathustra, is a work of philosophical fiction written by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche; it was published in four volumes between 1883 and 1885. The protagonist is nominally the historical Zoroaster.

Much of the book consists of discourses by Zarathustra on a wide variety of subjects, most of which end with the refrain, "Thus spoke Zarathustra". The character of Zarathustra first appeared in Nietzsche's earlier book The Gay Science (at §342, which closely resembles §1 of "Zarathustra's Prologue" in Thus Spoke Zarathustra).

The style of Zarathustra has facilitated varied and often incompatible ideas about what Zarathustra says. Zarathustra's "[e]xplanations and claims are almost always analogical and figurative". Though there is no consensus with what Zarathustra means when he speaks, there is some consensus about that which he speaks. Thus Spoke Zarathustra deals with ideas about the Übermensch, the death of God, the will to power, and eternal recurrence.

Origins

Nietzsche was born into, and largely remained within, the Bildungsbürgertum, a sort of highly cultivated middleclass. By the time he was a teenager, he had been writing music and poetry. His aunt Rosalie gave him a biography of Alexander von Humboldt for his 15th birthday, and reading this inspired a love of learning "for its own sake". The schools he attended, the books he read, and his general milieu fostered and inculcated his interests in Bildung, or self-development, a concept at least tangential to many in Zarathustra, and he worked extremely hard. He became an outstanding philologist almost accidentally, and he renounced his ideas about being an artist. As a philologist he became particularly sensitive to the transmissions and modifications of ideas, which also bears relevance into Zarathustra. Nietzsche's growing distaste toward philology, however, was yoked with his growing taste toward philosophy. As a student, this yoke was his work with Diogenes Laertius. Even with that work he strongly opposed received opinion. With subsequent and properly philosophical work he continued to oppose received opinion. His books leading up to Zarathustra have been described as nihilistic destruction. Such nihilistic destruction combined with his increasing isolation and the rejection of his marriage proposals (to Lou Andreas-Salomé) devastated him. While he was working on Zarathustra he was walking very much. The imagery of his walks mingled with his physical and emotional and intellectual pains and his prior decades of hard work. What "erupted" was Thus Spoke Zarathustra.

Nietzsche has said that the central idea of Zarathustra is the eternal recurrence. He has also said that this central idea first occurred to him in August 1881: he was near a "pyramidal block of stone" while walking through the woods along the shores of Lake Silvaplana in the Upper Engadine, and he made a small note that read "6,000 feet beyond man and time".

A few weeks after meeting this idea, he paraphrased in a notebook something written by Friedrich von Hellwald about Zarathustra. This paraphrase was developed into the beginning of Thus Spoke Zarathustra.

A year and a half after making that paraphrase, Nietzsche was living in Rapallo. Nietzsche claimed that the entire first part was conceived, and that Zarathustra himself "came over him", while walking. He was regularly walking "the magnificent road to Zoagli" and "the whole Bay of Santa Margherita". He said in a letter that the entire first part "was conceived in the course of strenuous hiking: absolute certainty, as if every sentence were being called out to me".

Nietzsche returned to "the sacred place" in the summer of 1883 and he "found" the second part".

Nietzsche was in Nice the following winter and he "found" the third part.

According to Nietzsche in Ecce Homo it was "scarcely one year for the entire work", and ten days each part. More broadly, however, he said in a letter: "The whole of Zarathustra is an explosion of forces that have been accumulating for decades".

In January 1884 Nietzsche had finished the third part and thought the book finished. But by November he expected a fourth part to be finished by January. He also mentioned a fifth and sixth part leading to Zarathustra's death, "or else he will give me no peace". But after the fourth part was finished he called it "a fourth (and last) part of Zarathustra, a kind of sublime finale, which is not at all meant for the public".

The first three parts were initially published individually and were first published together in a single volume in 1887. The fourth part was written in 1885 and kept private. While Nietzsche retained mental capacity and was involved in the publication of his works, forty-five copies of the fourth part were printed at his own expense and distributed to his closest friends, to whom he expressed "a vehement desire never to have the Fourth Part made public". In 1889, however, Nietzsche became significantly incapacitated. In March 1892 the four parts were published in a single volume.

Zarathustra
In the 1888 Ecce Homo, Nietzche explained what he meant by making the Persian figure of Zoroaster the protagonist of his book:
Thus, "[a]s Nietzsche admits himself, by choosing the name of Zarathustra as the prophet of his philosophy in a poetical idiom, he wanted to pay homage to the original Aryan prophet as a prominent founding figure of the spiritual-moral phase in human history, and reverse his teachings at the same time, according to his fundamental critical views on morality. The original Zoroastrian world-view interpreted being on the basis of the universality of the moral values and saw the whole world as an arena of the struggle between two fundamental moral elements, Good and Evil, depicted in two antagonistic divine figures [Ahura Mazda and Ahriman]. Nietzsche's Zarathustra, in contrast, puts forward his ontological immoralism and tries to prove and reestablish the primordial innocence of beings by destroying philosophically all moralistic interpretations and evaluations of being".

Synopsis

First part
The book begins with a prologue which sets up many of the themes that will be explored throughout the work. Zarathustra is introduced as a hermit who has lived ten years on a mountain with his two companions, an eagle and a serpent. One morning – inspired by the sun, which is happy only when it shines upon others – Zarathustra decides to return to the world and share his wisdom. Upon descending the mountain, he encounters a saint living in a forest, who spends his days praising God. Zarathustra marvels that the saint has not yet heard that "God is dead".

Arriving at the nearest town, Zarathustra addresses a crowd which has gathered to watch a tightrope walker. He tells them that mankind's goal must be to create something superior to itself – a new type of human, the Übermensch. All men, he says, must be prepared to will their own destruction in order to bring the Übermensch into being. The crowd greets this speech with scorn and mockery, and meanwhile the tightrope show begins. When the rope-dancer is halfway across, a clown comes up behind him, urging him to get out of the way. The clown then leaps over the rope-dancer, causing the latter to fall to his death. The crowd scatters; Zarathustra takes the corpse of the rope-dancer on his shoulders, carries it into the forest, and lays it in a hollow tree. He decides that from this point on, he will no longer attempt to speak to the masses, but only to a few chosen disciples.

There follows a series of discourses in which Zarathustra overturns many of the precepts of Christian morality. He gathers a group of disciples, but ultimately abandons them, saying that he will not return until they have disowned him.

Second part
Zarathustra retires to his mountain cave, and several years pass by. One night, he dreams that he looks into a mirror and sees the face of a devil instead of his own; he takes this as a sign that his doctrines are being distorted by his enemies, and joyfully descends the mountain to recover his lost disciples.

More discourses follow, which continue to develop the themes of the death of God and the rise of the Übermensch, and also introduce the concept of the will to power. There are hints, however, that Zarathustra is holding something back. A series of dreams and visions prompt him to reveal this secret teaching, but he cannot bring himself to do so. He withdraws from his disciples once more, in order to perfect himself.

Third part
While journeying home, Zarathustra is waylaid by the spirit of gravity, a dwarf-like creature which clings to his back and whispers taunts into his ear. Zarathustra at first becomes despondent, but then takes courage; he challenges the spirit to hear the "abysmal thought" which he has so far refrained from speaking. This is the doctrine of eternal recurrence. Time, says Zarathustra, is infinite, stretching both forward and backward into eternity. This means that everything that happens now must have happened before, and that every moment must continue to repeat itself eternally.

As he speaks, Zarathustra hears a dog howl in terror, and then he sees a new vision – a shepherd choking on a black serpent which has crept into his throat. At Zarathustra's urging, the shepherd bites the serpent's head off and spits it out. In that moment, the shepherd is transformed into a laughing, radiant being, something greater than human.

Zarathustra continues his journey, delivering more discourses inspired by his observations. Arriving at his mountain cave, he remains there for some time, reflecting on his mission. He is disgusted at humanity's pettiness, and despairs at the thought of the eternal recurrence of such an insignificant race. Eventually, however, he discovers his own longing for eternity, and sings a song in celebration of eternal return.

Fourth part
Zarathustra begins to grow old as he remains secluded in his cave. One day, he is visited by a soothsayer, who says that he has come to tempt Zarathustra to his final sin – compassion (mitleiden, which can also be translated as "pity"). A loud cry of distress is heard, and the soothsayer tells Zarathustra that "the higher man" is calling to him. Zarathustra is alarmed, and rushes to the aid of the higher man.

Searching through his domain for the person who uttered the cry for help, Zarathustra encounters a series of characters representative of various aspects of humanity. He engages each of them in conversation, and ends by inviting each one to await his return in his cave. After a day's search, however, he is unable to find the higher man. Returning home, he hears the cry of distress once more, now coming from inside his own cave. He realises that all the people he has spoken to that day are collectively the higher man. Welcoming them to his home, he nevertheless tells them that they are not the men he has been waiting for; they are only the precursors of the Übermensch.

Zarathustra hosts a supper for his guests, which is enlivened by songs and arguments, and ends in the facetious worship of a donkey. The higher men thank Zarathustra for relieving them of their distress and teaching them to be content with life.

The following morning, outside his cave, Zarathustra encounters a lion and a flock of doves, which he interprets as a sign that those whom he calls his children are near. As the higher men emerge from the cave, the lion roars at them, causing them to cry out and flee. Their cry reminds Zarathustra of the soothsayer's prediction that he would be tempted into feeling compassion for the higher man. He declares that this is over, and that from this time forward he will think of nothing but his work.

Themes

Scholars have argued that "the worst possible way to understand Zarathustra is as a teacher of doctrines". Nonetheless Thus Spoke Zarathustra "has contributed most to the public perception of Nietzsche as philosophernamely, as the teacher of the 'doctrines' of the will to power, the overman and the eternal return".

Will to power

Nietzsche's thinking was significantly influenced by the thinking of Arthur Schopenhauer. Schopenhauer emphasised will, and particularly will to live. Nietzsche emphasised Wille zur Macht, or will to power.

Nietzsche was not a systematic philosopher and left much of what he wrote open to interpretation. Receptive fascists are said to have misinterpreted the will to power, having overlooked Nietzsche's distinction between Kraft ("force" or "strength") and Macht ("power" or "might").

Scholars have often had recourse to Nietzsche's notebooks, where will to power is described in ways such as "willing-to-become-stronger [Stärker-werden-wollen], willing growth".

Übermensch

It is allegedly "well-known that as a term, Nietzsche's Übermensch derives from Lucian of Samosata's hyperanthropos". This hyperanthropos, or overhuman, appears in Lucian's Menippean satire Κατάπλους ἢ Τύραννος, usually translated Downward Journey or The Tyrant. This hyperanthropos is "imagined to be superior to others of 'lesser' station in this-worldly life and the same tyrant after his (comically unwilling) transport into the underworld".
Nietzsche celebrated Goethe as an actualisation of the Übermensch.

Eternal recurrence

Nietzsche included some brief writings on eternal recurrence in his earlier book The Gay Science. Zarathustra also appeared in that book. In Thus Spoke Zarathustra, the eternal recurrence is, according to Nietzsche, the "fundamental idea of the work".

Interpretations of the eternal recurrence have mostly revolved around cosmological and attitudinal and normative principles.

As a cosmological principle, it has been supposed to mean that time is circular, that all things recur eternally. A weak attempt at proof has been noted in Nietzsche's notebooks, and it is not clear to what extent, if at all, Nietzsche believed in the truth of it. Critics have mostly dealt with the cosmological principle as a puzzle of why Nietzsche might have touted the idea.

As an attitudinal principle it has often been dealt with as a thought experiment, to see how one would react, or as a sort of ultimate expression of life-affirmation, as if one should desire eternal recurrence.

As a normative principle, it has been thought of as a measure or standard, akin to a "moral rule".

Criticism of religion
Nietzsche studied extensively and was very familiar with Schopenhauer and Christianity and Buddhism, each of which he considered nihilistic and "enemies to a healthy culture". Thus Spoke Zarathustra can be understood as a "polemic" against these influences.

Though Nietzsche "probably learned Sanskrit while at Leipzig from 1865 to 1868", and "was probably one of the best read and most solidly grounded in Buddhism for his time among Europeans", Nietzsche was writing when Eastern thought was only beginning to be acknowledged in the West, and Eastern thought was easily misconstrued. Nietzsche's interpretations of Buddhism were coloured by his study of Schopenhauer, and it is "clear that Nietzsche, as well as Schopenhauer, entertained inaccurate views of Buddhism". An egregious example has been the idea of śūnyatā as "nothingness" rather than "emptiness". "Perhaps the most serious misreading we find in Nietzsche's account of Buddhism was his inability to recognize that the Buddhist doctrine of emptiness was an initiatory stage leading to a reawakening". Nietzsche dismissed Schopenhauer and Christianity and Buddhism as pessimistic and nihilistic, but, according to Benjamin A. Elman, "[w]hen understood on its own terms, Buddhism cannot be dismissed as pessimistic or nihilistic". Moreover, answers which Nietzsche assembled to the questions he was asking, not only generally but also in Zarathustra, put him "very close to some basic doctrines found in Buddhism". An example is when Zarathustra says that "the soul is only a word for something about the body".

Nihilism
It has been often repeated in some way that Nietzsche takes with one hand what he gives with the other. Accordingly, interpreting what he wrote has been notoriously slippery. One of the most vexed points in discussions of Nietzsche has been whether or not he was a nihilist. Though arguments have been made for either side, what is clear is that Nietzsche was at least interested in nihilism.

As far as nihilism touched other people, at least, metaphysical understandings of the world were progressively undermined until people could contend that "God is dead". Without God, humanity was greatly devalued. Without metaphysical or supernatural lenses, humans could be seen as animals with primitive drives which were or could be sublimated. According to Hollingdale, this led to Nietzsche's ideas about the will to power. Likewise, "Sublimated will to power was now the Ariadne's thread tracing the way out of the labyrinth of nihilism".

Style

The nature of the text is musical and operatic. While working on it Nietzsche wrote "of his aim 'to become Wagner's heir'". Nietzsche thought of it as akin to a symphony or opera. "No lesser a symphonist than Gustav Mahler corroborates: 'His Zarathustra was born completely from the spirit of music, and is even "symphonically constructed"'". Nietzsche The length of paragraphs and the punctuation and the repetitions all enhance the musicality.
The title is Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Much of the book is what Zarathustra said. What Zarathustra says

Nietzsche would often appropriate masks and models to develop himself and his thoughts and ideas, and to find voices and names through which to communicate. While writing Zarathustra, Nietzsche was particularly influenced by "the language of Luther and the poetic form of the Bible". But Zarathustra also frequently alludes to or appropriates from Hölderlin's Hyperion and Goethe's Faust and Emerson's Essays, among other things. It is generally agreed that the sorcerer is based on Wagner and the soothsayer is based on Schopenhauer.

The original text contains a great deal of word-play. For instance, words beginning with über ('over, above') and  ('down, below') are often paired to emphasise the contrast, which is not always possible to bring out in translation, except by coinages. An example is untergang (lit. 'down-going'), which is used in German to mean 'setting' (as in, of the sun), but also 'sinking', 'demise', 'downfall', or 'doom'. Nietzsche pairs this word with its opposite übergang ('over-going'), used to mean 'transition'. Another example is übermensch ('overman' or 'superman').

Reception

Nietzsche considered Thus Spoke Zarathustra his magnum opus, writing:

In a letter of February 1884, he wrote:

To this, Parkes has said: "Many scholars believe that Nietzsche managed to make that step". But critical opinion varies extremely. The book is "a masterpiece of literature as well as philosophy" and "in large part a failure".

The style of the book, along with its ambiguity and paradoxical nature, has helped its eventual enthusiastic reception by the reading public, but has frustrated academic attempts at analysis (as Nietzsche may have intended). Thus Spoke Zarathustra remained unpopular as a topic for scholars (especially those in the Anglo-American analytic tradition) until the latter half of the 20th century brought widespread interest in Nietzsche and his unconventional style.

The critic Harold Bloom criticized Thus Spoke Zarathustra in The Western Canon (1994), calling the book "a gorgeous disaster" and "unreadable". Other commentators have suggested that Nietzsche's style is intentionally ironic for much of the book.

Influence

Memorial

 Text from Thus Spoke Zarathustra (Zarathustra's roundelay) constitutes the Nietzsche memorial stone that was erected at Lake Sils in 1900, the year Nietzsche died.

Musical

19th century
 "Zarathustra's Roundelay" was set as part of Gustav Mahler's Third Symphony, originally under the title What Man Tells Me, or alternatively What the Night Tells Me (Of Man).
 Richard Strauss composed the tone poem Also sprach Zarathustra, which he designated "freely based on Friedrich Nietzsche".

20th century
Frederick Delius based his major choral-orchestral work A Mass of Life (1904–5) on texts from Thus Spoke Zarathustra. The work ends with a setting of "Zarathustra's Roundelay" which Delius had composed earlier, in 1898, as a separate work.

Political

In 1893, Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche returned to Germany from administrating a failed colony in Paraguay and took charge of Nietzsche's manuscripts. Nietzsche was by this point incapacitated. Förster-Nietzsche edited the manuscripts and fostered affiliations with the Nazis. The Nazis issued durable military editions of Zarathustra to soldiers.

Visual
Between 1995 and 1997 Lena Hades created a series of oil paintings, or "visual metaphors", based on and named after the book.

Film
"Thus Spoke Zarathustra" by Nietzsche, Film, 97 minutes, (1993), Parts I - III of the Kaufmann Translation, with English Subtitles, by Ronald Gerard Smith, Distributed by Films for the Humanities and Sciences (2012 - 2019).

English translations

The first English translation of Zarathustra was published in 1896 by Alexander Tille.

Common (1909)
Thomas Common published a translation in 1909 which was based on Alexander Tille's earlier attempt.

Kaufmann's introduction to his own translation included a blistering critique of Common's version; he notes that in one instance, Common has taken the German "most evil" and rendered it "baddest", a particularly unfortunate error not merely for his having coined the term "baddest", but also because Nietzsche dedicated a third of The Genealogy of Morals to the difference between "bad" and "evil". This and other errors led Kaufmann to wonder whether Common "had little German and less English".

The German text available to Common was considerably flawed.

From Zarathustra's Prologue:

Kaufmann (1954) and Hollingdale (1961)
The Common translation remained widely accepted until more critical translations, titled Thus Spoke Zarathustra, were published by Walter Kaufmann in 1954, and R.J. Hollingdale in 1961.

Clancy Martin states the German text from which Hollingdale and Kaufmann worked was untrue to Nietzsche's own work in some ways. Martin criticizes Kaufmann for changing punctuation, altering literal and philosophical meanings, and dampening some of Nietzsche's more controversial metaphors. Kaufmann's version, which has become the most widely available, features a translator's note suggesting that Nietzsche's text would have benefited from an editor; Martin suggests that Kaufmann "took it upon himself to become [Nietzsche's] editor".

Kaufmann, from Zarathustra's Prologue:

Hollingdale, from Zarathustra's Prologue:

Oxford University Press

Parkes (2005)
Graham Parkes describes his own 2005 translation as trying to convey the musicality of the text.

Del Caro (2006)
In 2006, Cambridge University Press published a translation by Adrian Del Caro, edited by Robert Pippin.

Further reading

Selected editions

English
Thus Spake Zarathustra, translated by Alexander Tille. New York: Macmillan. 1896.
Thus Spake Zarathustra, trans. Thomas Common. Edinburgh: T. N. Foulis. 1909.
Thus Spoke Zarathustra, trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Random House. 1954.
 Reprints: In The Portable Nietzsche, New York: Viking Press. 1954; Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. 1976
Thus Spoke Zarathustra, trans. R. J. Hollingdale. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. 1961.
Thus Spoke Zarathustra, trans. Graham Parkes. Oxford: Oxford World's Classics. 2005.
 Thus Spoke Zarathustra, trans. Clancy Martin. Barnes & Noble Books. 2005.
Thus Spoke Zarathustra, trans. Adrian del Caro and edited by Robert Pippin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2006.
Thus Spake Zarathustra, trans. Michael Hulse. New York Review Books. 2022.

German
Also sprach Zarathustra, edited by Giorgio Colli and Mazzino Montinari. Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag (study edition of the standard German Nietzsche edition).
 Also sprach Zarathustra (bilingual ed.) (in German and Russian), with 20 oil paintings by Lena Hades. Moscow: Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences. 2004. .

Commentaries and introductions

English
 Nietzsche's 'Thus Spoke Zarathustra': Before Sunrise (essay collection), edited by James Luchte. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. 2008. .
 Higgins, Kathleen. [1987]. 2010. Nietzsche's Zarathustra (rev. ed.). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
 OSHO. 1987. "Zarathustra: A God That Can Dance". Pune, India: OSHO Commune International.
OSHO. 1987. "Zarathustra: The Laughing Prophet". Pune, India: OSHO Commune International.
 Lampert, Laurence. 1989. Nietzsche's Teaching: An Interpretation of Thus Spoke Zarathustra. New Haven: Yale University Press.
 Rosen, Stanley. 1995. The Mask of Enlightenment: Nietzsche's Zarathustra. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2004.
 Seung, T. K. 2005. Nietzsche's Epic of the Soul: Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books.

German
 Naumann, Gustav. 1899–1901. Zarathustra-Commentar (in German), 4 vols. Leipzig: Haessel.
 Zittel, Claus. 2011. Das ästhetische Kalkül von Friedrich Nietzsches 'Also sprach Zarathustra'''. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann. .
 Schmidt, Rüdiger. "Introduction" (in German). In Nietzsche für Anfänger: Also sprach Zarathustra – Eine Lese-Einführung.
 Zittel, Claus: Wer also erzählt Nietzsches Zarathustra?, in: Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte 95, (2021), 327–351.
See also
 Faith in the EarthGathas (Hymns of Zoroaster)
 Influence and reception of Friedrich Nietzsche
 Nietzsche and Buddhism
 Nietzsche on the Manusmriti (Ancient text, otherwise known as Mānava-Dharmaśāstra or Laws of Manu'').
 Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche

References

Notes

Citations

External links

 Also sprach Zarathustra at Nietzsche Source
 Project Gutenberg's etext of Also sprach Zarathustra (the German original)
 Project Gutenberg's etext of Thus Spake Zarathustra, translated by Thomas Common

1883 German novels
Anti-Christian sentiment in Europe
Books by Friedrich Nietzsche
Books critical of Christianity
Ethics books
German philosophical novels
Philosophy of religion literature


text:
Ос — многозначный термин:

 Ос — коммуна в норвежском фюльке (области) Акерсхус.
 Ос или Ос. — книга пророка Осии.

Реки
  — река во Франции.
 Ос (приток Мурга) — река в Германии.

Персоналии
 Ос, Георг Якоб Иоганн ван (1782—1861) — нидерландский художник.
 Ос, Питер Герардус ван (1776—1839) — нидерландский художник.
 Ос, Питер Фредерик ван (1808—1892) — нидерландский художник.
 Ос, Роальд (1928—2012) — норвежский конькобежец, олимпийский чемпион 1960 года.
 Ос, Хавьер де (род. 1940) — испанский филолог, профессор.

ла Ос

Аббревиатура
 Операционная система — комплекс управляющих и обрабатывающих программ.
 Оптическая система — совокупность оптических элементов.
 ОС (очень старый) — советская и российская маркировка коньяка, означающая, что срок выдержки дистиллятов не менее двадцати лет.
 ОС (латиницей) — оригинальный персонаж (аббревиатура от английского Original character).

См. также
 Ван Ос
 ОС — многозначная аббревиатура.
 OS (значения) — многозначная аббревиатура.
 Ос-Марсийон — коммуна во Франции, департамент Атлантические Пиренеи.
 Осс — город и община в Нидерландах, провинции Северный Брабант.


text:
Птит-Тер () — острова в Атлантическом океане, к юго-востоку от основной части Гваделупы. Острова Птит-Тер необитаемы, и административно входят в состав коммуны Ла-Дезирад французского заморского департамента Гваделупа.

География
Острова Птит-Тер представляют собой 2 острова — Тер-де-Бас (1,17 км²) и Тер-де-О (0,31 км²), и группу небольших коралловых рифов . Общая площадь островов составляет около 1,48 км².

Территория островов является охраняемым заповедником с сентября 1998 года. Из редких животных, обитающих на островах, следует отметить антильскую игуану (около 9500 особей). Острова Птит-Тер также являются важным пунктом в миграциях перелётных птиц и морских черепах, где они откладывают свои яйца. Общая площадь резервата Réserve naturelle nationale des Îles de la Petite-Terre, охватывающего острова и окружающую их часть морского пространства (842 га), составляет 9,9 км².

Галерея

Ссылки

Острова Атлантического океана
Малые Антильские острова
География Гваделупы
Заповедники Франции


text:
Farsund város és község Norvégia déli Sørlandet földrajzi régiójában, Vest-Agder megyében, a Skagerrak tengerszoros partján.

A község területe 262 km², népessége 9392 (2008. január 1-jén). Területben a megye egyik legkisebb, de ugyanakkor egyik legnépesebb községe. A lakosság Frasund városon kívül főképp Vanse és Vestbygda falvakban összpontosul.

Farsund községet 1838-ban hozták létre (lásd: formannskapsdistrikt), bár kereskedelmi központi státusszal már 1795-től rendelkezett. 1965-ben beleolvadtak Herad, Lista és Spind községek.

Délen a tenger, északon Kvinesdal, illetve északon és keleten Lyngdal községek határolják.

Bár nem nagy község, Vest-Agder megye legtekintélyesebb mezőgazdasági területeivel rendelkezik: 26 km² szántója, 88 km² erdője és 17 km² édesvízi területe van.

Jegyzetek

Külső hivatkozások
Farsund község honlapja (norvégül)

Vest-Agder megye községei


text:
Arne Dahl: Misterioso är en svensk drama-thriller från 2011 som är regisserad av Harald Hamrell med Malin Arvidsson, Irene Lindh, Claes Ljungmark och Magnus Samuelsson i huvudrollerna. Filmen är en filmatisering av författaren Jan Arnalds roman Misterioso, skriven under pseudonymen Arne Dahl. Filmen är producerad av Filmlance International. Arne Dahl: Misterioso visades på SVT 1 den 27 och 28 december 2011 och släpptes på video den 4 januari 2012.

Handling
Efter att en rad högt uppsatta svenska finansmän plötsligt har börjat mördas fler nätter i följd inrättar rikskriminalen en specialenhet, A-gruppen där kriminalkommissarie Jenny Hultin (Irene Lindh) är chef, bestående av sex poliser från hela landet för att lösa morden. Men trots att mördaren inte lämnar några bevis alls kvar på mordplatsen så är Arto Söderstedt (Niklas Åkerfelt) från början inne på att det kan handla om en ensam galning som utfört morden, medan andra spår leder mot Baltikum. Så i sökandet efter bevis åker Viggo Norlander (Claes Ljungmark) till Estland för att träffa polischefen Kalju Laikmaa.

Om filmen
Misterioso är den första av fem filmatiseringar av Arne Dahls böcker som är inspelade 2011-2012. De övriga fyra är Ont blod, Upp till toppen av berget, De största vatten och Europa Blues.

Därefter följde en andra omgång filmatiseringar med start 2015.

Rollista
Malin Arvidsson - Kerstin Holm
Irene Lindh - Jenny Hultin
Claes Ljungmark - Viggo Norlander
Magnus Samuelsson - Gunnar Nyberg

Shanti Roney - Paul Hjelm
Matias Varela - Jorge Chavez
Niklas Åkerfelt - Arto Söderstedt

Externa länkar
SVT-artikel om Arne Dahl: Misterioso

Svenska miniserier från 2010-talet
Svenska kriminalserier
TV-seriestarter 2011
TV-serieavslutningar 2011
Stockholm i fiktion
Sverige i fiktion
Tallinn i fiktion
Svenska TV-serier baserade på böcker
TV-program i SVT


text:
Die NStB – Sedletz bis Hohenmauth waren die ersten Dampflokomotiven der k.k. Nördlichen Staatsbahn (NStB) Österreich-Ungarns.

Die sechs Lokomotiven wurden von der Wiener Neustädter Lokomotivfabrik 1842 geliefert.
Diese Fahrzeuge waren die ersten Lokomotiven, die von der Wiener Neustädter Lokomotivfabrik gebaut wurden, wobei die Kessel im Eisenwerk Sessler in Krieglach gefertigt wurden.
Auch der Eisen- und Metallguss wurde in fremden Gießereien in Auftrag gegeben.
Die kupfernen Heizrohre wurden von einer Wiener Neustädter Kupferschmiede angefertigt.

Die Wiener Neustädter Lokomotivfabrik räumt in ihrer Denkschrift anlässlich der 4000. gefertigten Lokomotive selbst ein, dass "bei so bescheidenen Hilfsmitteln" mit diesen Maschinen "ein durchgreifender Erfolg nicht erzielt wurde".

Die NStB gab ihnen die Namen SEDLETZ, FLORENZ, PLASS, CAROLINENTHAL, HOHENSTADT und HOHENMAUTH und die Betriebsnummern 1–6.

Sie waren nach Vorbild der 2A-Lokomotiven von William Norris in Philadelphia gefertigt.

Als 1855 die NStB an die Staats-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft (StEG), einer privaten Eisenbahngesellschaft Österreich-Ungarns, verkauft wurde, erhielten die Maschinen die Betriebsnummern 2–7.
Sie wurden vor 1873 ausgemustert.

Literatur

Triebfahrzeug (Nördliche Staatsbahn)
Dampflokomotive Achsfolge 2A
Schienenfahrzeug (Wiener Neustädter Lokomotivfabrik)


text:
Atatürk's cult of personality was started during the life of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and continued by his successors after his death in 1938, by members of both his Republican People's Party and opposition parties alike, and in a limited amount by himself during his lifetime in order to popularize and cement his social and political reforms as a founder and the first President of Turkey. Pro-PKK, British journalist, Alexander Christie-Miller, has described it as the "world's longest-running personality cult".

Overview
Following the defeat and partitioning of the Ottoman Empire by the Allies in the aftermath of World War I, Mustafa Kemal led the Turkish National Movement through a War of Independence against Greece, Armenia, France, Britain, and other invading countries. Under his leadership, the Republic of Turkey was declared in 1923, and he was honoured with the name Atatürk ("Father of the Turks") by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in 1934.  His other titles include Great Leader (Ulu Önder),  Eternal Commander (Ebedî Başkomutan), Head Teacher (Başöğretmen), and Eternal Chief (Ebedî Şef).

Atatürk's memory remains a major part of Turkish politics and society into the 21st century. Almost every city in Turkey has streets named for him, and statues of him are commonly found in city squares, schools, and public offices, the latter two of which feature his portrait. The phrase Ne mutlu Türküm diyene (How happy is the one who says "I am a Turk"), which Atatürk used in his speech delivered for the 10th Anniversary of the Republic in 1933, is used widely in Turkey and is often seen along with his statues. It continues to be part of the compulsory Student Oath, though it was removed between 2013 and 2018. It was once again removed in 2021.

Atatürk's cult of personality is sometimes compared to those of authoritarian rulers of Central Asian countries, such as Nursultan Nazarbayev and Saparmurat Niyazov, but differs significantly in light of Atatürk's democratic and progressive reforms in Turkey and because most of the statues and memorials of him were erected after his death. For example, before the 1950s, only the incumbent President of Turkey's image appeared on Turkish currency, but Prime Minister Adnan Menderes (1950–1960), in a political blow to rival President İsmet İnönü, passed a law to restore the late Atatürk's image on the currency in order to deny İnönü's image appearing instead. Menderes's government, although opposed to Atatürk's Republican People's Party (which served as the opposition party in Parliament to Menderes's Democrat Party government), moved his body to a mausoleum 15 years after his death in 1953. It also passed a law in 1951 that criminalized insulting "Atatürk's memory."

The Economist wrote in 2012 that his personality cult "carpets the country with busts and portraits of the great man" and that this has been "nurtured by Turkey's generals, who have used his name to topple four governments, hang a prime minister and attack enemies of the republic." According to this British weekly, "hard-core Islamists despise Ataturk for abolishing the caliphate in 1924 and expunging piety from the public space. They feed rumours that he was a womaniser, a drunk, even a crypto-Jew."

A 2008 article in National Identities also discussed Atatürk's ubiquitous presence in the country:

Law on Atatürk
Turkish Law 5816 ("The Law Concerning Crimes Committed Against Atatürk") was passed 13 years after Atatürk's death on July 25, 1951, by Prime Minister Adnan Menderes's government, and protects "Atatürk's memory" from being offended by any Turkish citizen.
In 2011, there were 48 convictions for "insulting Atatürk" and insulting Atatürk's memory is punishable by up to three years in jail. The law has been interpreted in a very broad way, covering not only the protection of Atatürk's memory, but also of his legacy. Charges have been brought in domestic proceedings against persons who challenge the official, very positive, assessment of the first years of the Republic of Turkey and Atatürk's role.

Statues
The first statue of Atatürk was sculpted in 1926 in the Sarayburnu district of Istanbul by Austrian sculptor Heinrich Krippel. Today, statues of Atatürk can be found all over Turkey.

See also
 Kemalism
 Atatürk's Reforms

References

Bibliography
Copeaux, Etienne, ″La transcendance d'Atatürk″, in Mayeur-Jaouen Catherine (ed.), Saints et héros du Moyen-Orient contemporain, Paris, Maisonneuve et Larose, 2002, pp. 121–138.

Mandel, Mike, and Zakari, Chantal, The State of Ata. The Contested Imagery of Power in Turkey, Eighteen Publications, Boston, 2010, 256-xvi p.

Cult of personality
Turkish culture
Politics of Turkey
Cults of personality
Kemalism
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk


text:
Der Dorrer-Gletscher ist ein Gletscher in der antarktischen Ross Dependency. Von den nordöstlichen Hängen der Queen Elizabeth Range fließt er unmittelbar südlich des Mount Heiser in östlicher Richtung zum Lowery-Gletscher.

Der United States Geological Survey kartierte ihn anhand eigener Tellurometervermessungen und Luftaufnahmen der United States Navy aus den Jahren von 1960 bis 1962. Das Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names benannte ihn 1966 nach dem deutschen Glaziologen Egon Dorrer (* 1934), der im Rahmen des United States Antarctic Research Program von 1962 bis 1963 und von 1965 bis 1966 auf dem Ross-Schelfeis tätig war.

Weblinks
  (englisch)
 Dorrer Glacier auf geographic.org (englisch)

Gletscher im Transantarktischen Gebirge
Queen Elizabeth Range


text:
Neurofibromina può riferirsi a due differenti proteine:

 Neurofibromina 1 coinvolta nella patogenesi della neurofibromatosi di tipo 1
 Neurofibromina 2 o merlina, coinvolta nella patogenesi della neurofibromatosi di tipo 2


text:
Descartes er et stærkt nedslidt nedslagskrater på Månen. Det befinder sig i det forrevne sydligt-centrale højland på Månens forside og er opkaldt efter den franske matematiker og filosof René Descartes (1596 – 1650).

Navnet blev officielt tildelt af den Internationale Astronomiske Union (IAU) i 1935.

Omgivelser
Sydvest for Descarteskrateret ligger Abulfedakrateret.

Karakteristika
Kraterranden omkring Descartes er kun bevaret på visse strækninger og mangler helt mod nord. Krateret "Descartes A" ligger over den sydvestlige rand. Kraterbunden indeholder adskillige kurvede højderygge, som er koncentriske med de bevarede ydre vægge mod nordvest og sydøst.

En del af den ydre rand omfatter et område, som har højere albedo end den omgivende overflade. Målinger foretaget af Clementine-månesonden viste, at dette var en magnetisk anomali—den stærkeste på Månens forside. Dette magnetfelt kan afbøje partiklerne i solvinden og dermed forhindre den underliggende overflade i at blive mørkere på grund af påvirkning herfra.

Omkring 50 km nord for krateret var landingsstedet for Apollo 16. Det ujævne terræn omkring landingsområdet betegnes af og til som Descartes-højlandet eller Descartes-bjergene.

Satellitkratere

De kratere, som kaldes satellitter, er små kratere beliggende i eller nær hovedkrateret. Deres dannelse er sædvanligvis sket uafhængigt af dette, men de får samme navn som hovedkrateret med tilføjelse af et stort bogstav. På kort over Månen er det en konvention at identificere dem ved at placere dette bogstav på den side af satellitkraterets midte, som ligger nærmest hovedkrateret. Descarteskrateret har følgende satellitkratere:

Se også
 Månekratere – Liste over kratere på Månen
 Navne på Månens have – Liste over have på Månen

Navigation

Måneatlas

Se også
 Reiner Gamma

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

Bibliografi

Kratere på Månen


text:
Ołeh Serhijowycz Danczenko, ukr. Олег Сергійович Данченко (ur. 1 sierpnia 1994 w Zaporożu) – ukraiński piłkarz, grający na pozycji pomocnika.

Kariera piłkarska

Kariera klubowa
Wychowanek klubu Metałurh Zaporoże, barwy którego bronił w juniorskich mistrzostwach Ukrainy (DJuFL). 16 kwietnia 2011 rozpoczął karierę piłkarską w Dynamo Chmielnicki. W lutym 2012 przeszedł do Czornomorca Odessa. Na początku grał w drużynie młodzieżowej i rezerw, a 22 marca 2014 debiutował w podstawowym składzie klubu. 29 lutego 2016 podpisał kontrakt z Szachtarem Donieck, ale pozostał w Czornomorcu już na prawach wypożyczenia. 23 czerwca 2017 został wypożyczony do Anży Machaczkała. 31 maja 2018 opuścił klub z Rosji. 31 stycznia 2019 został wypożyczony do Jeniseju Krasnojarsk. 15 czerwca 2019 podpisał kontrakt z Rubinem Kazań.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Urodzeni w 1994
Ludzie urodzeni w Zaporożu
Ukraińscy piłkarze
Piłkarze Dynama Chmielnicki
Piłkarze Czornomorca Odessa
Piłkarze Szachtara Donieck
Piłkarze Anży Machaczkała
Piłkarze Jeniseju Krasnojarsk
Piłkarze Rubinu Kazań


text:
Sacriportus was een antieke plaats in de Italische regio Latium. Het lag op het grondgebied van de huidige gemeente Colleferro.

Sacriportus lag aan de bovenloop
van de Tolerus (Sacco) aan de Via Labicana tussen Praeneste en Signia. In het voorjaar van 82 v.Chr. werd hier het leger van Gaius Marius minor op vernietigende wijze door Lucius Cornelius Sulla verslagen. Marius vluchtte daarop naar Praeneste.

Noten

Bronvermelding

Literatuur
 , art. Sacriportus, in NP 10 (2001), col. 1203.

Romeinse stad in Italië


text:
Terry Newton (7 November 1978 – 26 September 2010) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England and Lancashire, and at club level for the Leeds Rhinos (Heritage No. 1278), the Wigan Warriors (Heritage No. 931), Bradford Bulls (Heritage No. ) and Wakefield Trinity Wildcats (Heritage No. 1275), and was one of a handful of players to feature in each of the first 15 seasons of Super League. In February 2010, he was given a two-year ban after being one of the first sportsmen to have tested positive for human growth hormone. He was found hanged in his home seven months later.

Playing career

Leeds Rhinos
Newton joined the Leeds Rhinos after a protracted transfer from amateur team Wigan St Judes, after Warrington had claimed they had also signed the young Newton. Terry missed his first year of Academy rugby due to the problem however when he finally joined in March 1996 he made an immediate impact. He made his début for the Leeds Rhinos against the Sheffield Eagles at Headingley in April 1996 and by 1997's Super League II, he was a regular in the team making 26 appearances in 1997 and scoring 2-tries. His progression continued in 1998, despite going on loan to Bramley for a month, he still played in the Grand Final team at Old Trafford before playing arguably his best season at the club in 1999. The Leeds Rhinos had signed Great Britain  Lee Jackson, and Newton's opportunities looked limited, however coach Graham Murray came up with a game plan that used both to their maximum potential. Newton, with his no nonsense direct play would start games with Jackson coming on off the bench to carve teams open. He played for Leeds Rhinos at  in their 1998 Super League Grand Final defeat by Wigan Warriors. Newton gained two caps in the 1998 Great Britain v New Zealand test series whilst at Leeds Rhinos. Newton won international honours with two caps for England against France in October 1999. He played 83 times for Leeds Rhinos and scored 6-tries.

Wigan Warriors
Newton joined the Wigan Warriors, and he made his début on Boxing Day 1999 against St. Helens. He was a prolific try scorer for the Wigan Warriors, scoring over a dozen tries in each of his first two seasons. Newton played for the Wigan Warriors at  in their 2000 Super League Grand Final loss against St. Helens. He played for England in 2001 against Wales. He also played for the Wigan Warriors at  in their 2001 Super League Grand Final loss to the Bradford Bulls. Terry would surely have represented Great Britain in the 2001 Ashes series had it not been for a broken arm suffered in the Wigan Grand Final defeat by Bradford Bulls at Old Trafford. Newton signed a 4-year extension to his Wigan Warriors contract during August 2002. Newton won caps for Great Britain while at the Wigan Warriors in 2002 against Australia (sub), in 2003 against Australia (3 matches), in 2004 against Australia (3 matches), and New Zealand. He played much of the 2003's Super League VIII despite needing a knee operation. He decided to put the operation back to the end of the year because the club was suffering an injury crisis at the time. He was rewarded for his efforts when he was included in the 2003 Super League 'Dream Team'. Newton played for the Wigan Warriors at  in the 2003 Super League Grand Final which was lost to the Bradford Bulls. He made his return to the Great Britain squad for the 2003 Ashes series, despite needing a knee operation. Newton was selected in the Great Britain team to compete in the end of season 2004 Rugby League Tri-Nations tournament. In the final against Australia he played at  in the Lions' 44–4 loss. At the Wigan Warriors, Newton featured in three Super League Grand Finals, and was on the losing side on each occasion.

Bradford Bulls
Newton moved to the Bradford Bulls for the start of the 2006 season as part of a swap deal involving Mickey Higham. While at the Bradford Bulls he played for Great Britain in 2006 against New Zealand (2 matches), New Zealand (sub), and Australia (2 matches), and in 2007 against New Zealand. He was a consistent performer for the Bradford Bulls, but the club did not feature in a major final during his time there. He was allowed to leave the club following the expiry of his contract at the end of the 2009 season. Newton signed for Wakefield Trinity Wildcats following the expiry of his contract at the Bradford Bulls.

Wakefield Trinity Wildcats
On 22 February 2010 Newton was banned for two years by the UK Anti-Doping Agency (UKAD) after failing a drug test on 24 November 2009. He was just two games into a 2-year deal that he had signed with Wakefield Trinity Wildcats, but the contract was cancelled. The father of two young girls became a pub licensee following his ban.

Death
On 26 September 2010, Newton was found hanged in a house on Harswell Close in the Orrell district of Wigan. A later post mortem found traces of cocaine, amphetamines and the steroid nandrolone within his system, prescription anti-depressants, and consumption of alcohol, all of which could have impaired his judgement. Newton had left several notes stating he wanted to die. Coroner Jennifer Leeming recorded an open verdict.

Statistics

Club career

Representative career

References

External links
Statistics at wigan.rlfans.com
(archived by web.archive.org) Bradford profile
(archived by web.archive.org) 2001 Ashes profile
Newton looking to hit Hull early

1978 births
2010 deaths
2010 suicides
Bradford Bulls players
Bramley RLFC players
Doping cases in rugby league
England national rugby league team players
English rugby league players
English sportspeople in doping cases
Great Britain national rugby league team players
Lancashire rugby league team players
Leeds Rhinos players
Rugby league hookers
Rugby league players from Wigan
Suicides by hanging in England
Wakefield Trinity players
Wigan Warriors players


text:
La liste des évêques et archevêques de Boiano recense les noms des évêques et archevêques qui se sont succédé sur le siège épiscopal de Boiano en Italie depuis la fondation du diocède de Boiano au  comme suffragant de l'archidiocèse de Bénévent. En 1927, le siège du diocèse est transféré à Campobasso et le diocèse est renommé en diocèse de Boiano-Campobasso. En 1973 il est élevé au rang d'archidiocèse et devient métropolitain en 1976. En 1982, il change de nom pour devenir archidiocèse de Campobasso-Boiano.

Évêques de Boiano
 ? (vers 1061)
 Adalbert (Albert, Oberto) (1074 - 1095)
 Bernard (1105 - ?)
 Adam (1119 - ?)
 Robert (1149 - ?)
 André  (1179 - ?)
 Pierre (1189 - ?)
 Matteo (1195 - ?)
 Rinaldo (1206 - ?)
 Poliziano (1215 - ?)
 Jean (1225 - ?)
 Joseph (1244 - ?)
 Palmerio (1252 - ?)
 Jean (1277 - ?)
 Guillaume (1291 - ?)
 Angelo (1314 - ?)
 André II (vers 1322)
 Bernerio Dohonella (vers 1337)
 Angelo Lupara (1345 - 1364)
 Berardo da Castiglione (13 septembre 1364 - ?)
 Guglielmo (1390 - ?)
 Carlo (1396 - 1412)
 Jean (1412 - 1412)
 Nicolò Offeri (1413 - 1423) (administrateur apostolique)
 Nicolò Sanframondi (1423 - 1428)
 Pietro Urio, O.P. (1428 - 1431)
 Raimondo degli Ugotti, O.S.B.I. (1431 - 1439)
 Andrea de Veroli (1439 - 1452)
 Jacopo Di Monte (1452 - 1458)
 Antonio da Teramo (1458 - ?)
 Odo degli Odoni (1486 - 1489)
 Silvio Pandoni (? - 1519)
 Franciotto Orsini (1519 - 1523) (administrateur apostolique)
 Valentino Franco (1523 - 1549)
 Pirro Franco (1549 - 1572)
 Carlo Carafa (1572 - 1608)
 Fabrizio Degli Afflitti (1608 - 1613)
 Pietro Paolo Eustachi (1613 - 1622)
 Ottaviano Garzadori (1622 - 1624)
 Fulgenzio Gallucci, O.S.A. (1624 - 1632)
 Pietro de Filippi (1633 - 1640)
 Filippo de Sio, O.F.M. (1641 - 1651)
 Petronio Veroni, O.S.A. (1652 - 1653)
 Celestino Bruni, O.S.A. (1653 - ?)
 Giuseppe Protospatario (1664 - ?)
 Antonio Graziani (1666 - 1684)
 Francesco Antonio Giannone (1685 - 1708)
 Angelo Rendina (1708 - 1716)
 Nunzio de Baccari (1718 - 1736 ?)
 Domenico Antonio Manfredi (1738 - ?)
 Bernardo Cangiani (1746 - ?)
 Nicolò Rossetti (1774 - ?)
 Sedisvakanz
 Taddeo Garzilli (Garzillo) (1828 - 1834)
 Giuseppe Riccardi (1836 - 1855)
 Lorenzo Moffa, O.F.M. (1855 - ?)
 Anastasio Laterza, O.C.D. (1871 - 1879)
 Francesco Maccarone (1879 -  ?)
 Felice Gianfelice (1897  - 1916)
 Alberto Romita (1917 - 1927)

Évêques de Boiano-Campobasso
 Alberto Romita (1927 - 1939
 Secondo Bologna (1940 - 1943)
 Alberto Carinci (1948 - 1973)

Archevêques de Boiano-Campobasso
 Alberto Carinci (1973 - 1977)
 Enzio d'Antonio (1977 - 1979)
 Pietro Santoro (1979 - 1982)

Archevêques de Campobasso-Boiano
 Pietro Santoro (1982 - 1989)
 Ettore Di Filippo (1989 - 1998)
 Armando Dini (1998 - 2007)
 , C.S.S. (2007 -)

Campobasso-Boiano

Religion au Molise
Campobasso


text:
Charles C. Green was an American rancher and politician from Arizona.  He served a single term in the Arizona House of Representatives during the 3rd Arizona State Legislature, followed by a single term in the Arizona State Senate during the 4th Arizona State Legislature.

Biography
Green was born in 1868.  In 1885 Green was involved in the hotel business in Cleveland, Ohio.  He moved to Arizona in October 1886.  Green married Nannie Barkley on October 12, 1892.  The couple had five children, four daughters, Julia, Frances, Alleen, Helen, and one son, C. Baird.  In 1895 Green purchased the Holstein Dairy Farm.  In the early 1900s Green owned a ranch outside of Phoenix, Arizona, in the Cartwright area.  In 1910, he and two partners opened up the Glendale Hay & Gray Company.

In 1911, Green ran for one of the seats on the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors.  In 1915 Green was one of the charter members of the United Produce Growers' Association of Phoenix.  Green helped form and served as the first president of the Maricopa Farm Improvement Association, also known as the Farmers' Union.

In 1916 he was selected to run on the Republican ticket for the Arizona House of Representatives, and was elected in November.  In 1918, Green ran for the State Senate, along with the incumbent, fellow Republican H. B. Wilkinson.  The pair won by a large majority in the November election.  He was appointed to the Maricopa County Highway Commissioner in 1919, but forced to resign from it in 1920 due to state constitutional requirements, since he was simultaneously serving in the State Legislature.  He did not run for re-election in 1920.

In 1922, Green moved his family from Glendale to Phoenix.  This was followed by a move to Mesa in 1923.  In 1928, Green once again ran for the State House of Representatives.  While unopposed in the Republican primary, he lost in the general election to C. M. Brimhall.  In 1929, Green was appointed by the Mesa City Council to the position of city farmer.  The city's farm consisted of approximately 1400 acres.  He remained in that position until July 1931, when he resigned.  Green died in Phoenix on December 1, 1944.

References

Arizona politicians
Arizona pioneers
Republican Party members of the Arizona House of Representatives
Republican Party Arizona state senators


text:
La Liga Femenina 2 de baloncesto 2019-20 es una temporada de segunda máxima competición de clubes femeninos de baloncesto en España. La organiza la Federación Española de Baloncesto. Se compone de dos grupos de doce equipos en cada uno. Los cuatro primeros de ambos cuadros disputarán en una misma sede la fase de ascenso a Liga Femenina. Los dos mejores de cada grupo pasaran a las finales. El ganador de cada una de ellas asciende deportivamente a Liga Femenina de Baloncesto.

Equipos por comunidad autónoma
Grupo A

Grupo B

Primera fase

Grupo A

Grupo B

Fase de ascenso
Todos los partidos se juegan en una misma sede, a ser designada por la Federación Española de Baloncesto.

Fase de grupos

Grupo 1

Grupo 2

Play-Offs

|}

Ascendidos a la Liga Femenina

Valoración

Jugadora de la jornada

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio web oficial

2020
Baloncesto en España en 2019
Baloncesto en España en 2020
Competiciones deportivas suspendidas o aplazadas por la pandemia de COVID-19


text:
El Chupadero är en ort i Mexiko.   Den ligger i kommunen Ario och delstaten Michoacán de Ocampo, i den södra delen av landet,  km väster om huvudstaden Mexico City. El Chupadero ligger  meter över havet och antalet invånare är .

Terrängen runt El Chupadero är huvudsakligen kuperad. El Chupadero ligger uppe på en höjd. Den högsta punkten i närheten är Cerro La Barra,  meter över havet,  km väster om El Chupadero. Runt El Chupadero är det ganska glesbefolkat, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är Ario de Rosales,  km väster om El Chupadero. I omgivningarna runt El Chupadero växer huvudsakligen savannskog.

Klimatet i området är fuktigt och subtropiskt. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är april, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är juli, med  °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är augusti, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är mars, med  mm nederbörd.

Kommentarer

Referenser

Orter i Michoacán


text:
Jerzy Nos fou un polític medieval lituano-polonès. Originalment fou un starosta de Drohiczyn i Mielnik, i ostentà diversos càrrecs en l'administració del Gran Ducat de Lituània. Després de la batalla d'Ugrà fou l'envait del rei Ladislau II Jagelló de Polònia i es convertí en governador de Pskov.

Polítics lituans
Polítics polonesos


text:
Мінера́льні ресу́рси — це сукупність запасів корисних копалин в надрах району, країни, групи країн, континенту, світу в цілому, яка підраховується з урахуванням існуючих кондицій на корисні копалини і досягнутого рівня їх переробки. Використовуються понад 200 видів мінеральної сировини. У залежності від призначення мінеральні ресурси поділяють на три групи:

 Паливні (горючі) — використовуються для отримання гуми і латексу.
 Металеві (рудні) — з яких виплавляють метали (руди чорних і кольорових металів).
 Неметалічні (нерудні) — використовуються як сировина для хімічної промисловості (калійна сіль, фосфорити, сірка), будівництва і як технічна сировина (азбест, графіт, алмази , пісок).

Родовища корисних копалин розміщені на Землі дуже нерівномірно. Це пояснюється особливостями тектонічної будови земної кори. Для кращого розуміння закономірностей розміщення корисних копалин на карті показані тектонічні області материків (платформи та сейсмічні пояси).

Паливні та деякі нерудні корисні копалини осадового походження утворилися внаслідок багато вікового накопичення осадових порід. Родовища цих корисних копалин найчастіше зустрічаються в осадових чохлах найдавніших платформ і в передгірних  прогинах областей найдавнішої і древньої складчастості. У рельєфі цим тектонічним структурам відповідають рівнини (див. Фізичну карту світу).

Гірничо-хімічні неметалічні корисні копалини також переважно мають осадове походження.

Металічні корисні копалини, приурочені до щитів найдавніших докембрійських платформ і складчастих областей земної кори. Саме  тому багатющі рудні копалини приурочені до старих низьким горах, нагір і плоскогір'їв.

Руди чорних металів (залізні, марганцеві) в земній корі залягають пластами, утворюючи  великі за площею басейни.

Руди кольорових металів залягають у надрах Землі своєрідними поясами. Так, мідні та поліметалічні руди поширені в складчастих областях Кордильєр — Анд, олов'яні руди — в Тихоокеанському поясі.

Наявність мінеральних ресурсів є гарною передумовою розвитку господарства будь-якої країни.

Мінерально-сировинна база України є багатством її народу, вона забезпечує незалежність і національну безпеку. За різноманітністю і багатством мінерально-сировинної бази Україна вигідно відрізняється від більшості республік колишнього СРСР і багатьох держав, займаючи 0,5% суші й переробляючи близько 6% світового обсягу мінеральної сировини.

На території України розвідано близько 8 тисяч родовищ, майже 90 видів корисних копалин, з яких 20 мають важливе економічне значення. Серед них — нафта, газ, залізні, марганцеві, титанові, уранові руди, вугілля, сірка, ртуть, каолін, графіт, вогнетривкі глини, питні мінеральні води та інше.

Класифікація

За галузями використання Мінеральних ресурсів поділяються на:
 паливно-енергетичні (нафта, газ природний, вугілля, горючі сланці, торф, уранові руди);
 руди чорних металів (залізні, манґанові, хромові та ін.);
 руди кольорових і легуючих металів (алюмінію, міді, свинцю, цинку, нікелю, кобальту, вольфраму, молібдену, олова, стибію, ртуті та ін.);
 руди рідкісних і благородних металів;
 гірничохімічна сировина (фосфорити, апатити, кам'яна, калійна і магнезійна солі, сірка і її сполуки, борні руди, бром і йодні розчини, барит, флюорит та ін.);
 коштовні і виробні камені; нерудна індустріальна сировина (слюда, графіт, азбест, тальк, кварц та ін.);
 нерудні будівельні матеріали (цементна і скляна сировина, мармури, шиферні сланці, глини, туфи, базальт, граніт);
 гідромінеральні (підземні прісні і мінералізовані води, термальні та ін.).

Мінеральні ресурси бувають вичерпні і невичерпні. Наведена класифікація є умовною. Крім того, ресурси поділяють на первинні і вторинні.

Світові запаси

Див. також

Мінеральні ресурси
 Мінеральна сировина
 Мінерально-сировинна база
 Промислові ресурси

За континетом
 Мінеральні ресурси Африки
 Корисні копалини Азії
 Корисні копалини Європи
 Корисні копалини Австралії
 Корисні копалини Північної Америки
 Корисні копалини Південної Америки
 Корисні копалини Антарктиди

За океаном
 Мінеральні ресурси Тихого океану
 Мінеральні ресурси Індійського океану
 Мінеральні ресурси Північного Льодовитого океану
 Геологія та мінеральні ресурси Атлантичного океану

За країною
 Мінеральні ресурси України

Примітки

Література

Природні ресурси


text:
2946 Muchachos este un asteroid din centura principală, descoperit pe 15 octombrie 1941 de Liisi Oterma.

Legături externe

 2946 Muchachos în JPL Small-Body Database
 2946 Muchachos în baza de date a Minor Planet Center
 Diagrama orbitei asteroidului 2946 Muchachos (JPL)

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1941
Centura de asteroizi


text:
Pilodeudorix laticlavia, the Clench's diopetes, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana and Cameroon. The habitat consists of forests.

References

Butterflies described in 1965
Deudorigini


text:
Cet article présente les volumes et chapitres du manga Cat's Eye. Il existe deux éditions françaises : 10 volumes pour Tonkam et 15 volumes pour l'édition deluxe de Panini Manga.

La page présente également les huit volumes de la série Cat's Ai de Asai Shin.

Premières éditions japonaises
 Jump Comics
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,

 Aizōban
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,

 Bunkoban
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,

Édition Tonkam

Volume 1
Date de sortie :

 1. Sexy dynamite girls (ou un trio de choc et de charme)
 2. Sur la corde raide
 3. Un amour à problèmes
 4. Les hommes préfèrent les blondes ?
 5. "Vole de nuit" est un parfum dangereux
 6. Un cadeau qui fait craquer
 7. Le cambrioleur-gentleman
 8. Fait comme un rat
 9. Un souvenir de papa
 10. I love Hitomi
 11. Cat's eye à la rescousse
 12. Le chat-fantôme
 13. Le portrait de papa

Volume 2
Date de sortie :

 14. La déesse de la guerre
 15. Quand l'aigle fond sur sa proie !
 16. La horde sauvage
 17. Entre chien et chat
 18. Cat's eye est une femme
 19. Si le temps pouvait s'arrêter
 20. Rien que dix minutes
 21. Un gêneur gênant
 22. Touche pas à mon journal !
 23. Copies doubles
 24. Une visite inattendue
 25. La mini-tornade
 26. L'apprenti-cambrioleur
 27. Dos à dos
 28. Souvenirs perdus

Volume 3
Date de sortie :

 29. Le b.a.ba du cambrioleur
 30. Ces petits gestes qui vous envahissent
 31. La chasse aux empreintes!
 32. Mauvaise vue mais bonnes dents !
 33. Un flic pas comme les autres
 34. Les fantômes du commissariat
 35. Rase-mottes
 36. Un tour de passe-passe
 37. Triple crash
 38. Une rivale pour Hitomi !
 39. Un métier tyrannique !
 40. Compte-à-rebours pour un amour
 41. Mon garde du corps
 42. Jour de pluie
 43. Aï a les blues
 44. Lettre d'amour en rouge

Volume 4
Date de sortie :

 45. La lettre d'amour de cat's
 46. Un témoin de trop
 47. La chasse au scoop
 48. Une fille agaçante
 49. Dans la gueule du loup
 50. Portée par le vent
 51. La dernière balle
 52. Amoureux d'une journée
 53. Un chagrin d'amour
 54. La grande évasion
 55. Un garçon de course exceptionnel
 56. Le dernier adieu
 57. L'inoubliable rendez-vous
 58. La reine des joueurs

Volume 5
Date de sortie :

 59. Jour de fête
 60. Ne pars pas mon amour!
 61. Ne provoquez jamais une femme !
 62. À l'abordage !!
 63. Joyeux Noël Aï
 64. Le bal de la nouvelle année
 65. Entartrage au mariage
 66. La légende de la dame de glaces
 67. Invitation pour l'île Runan

Volume 6
Date de sortie :

 68. L'île au trésor
 69. Une vie de rêve
 70. Interrogation façon Cat's
 71. La valse des mini jupes
 72. La brigade spéciale anti Cat's eye !!
 73. Les cafards se rebiffent
 74. Le premier succès de la brigade spéciale
 75. Les hommes...pff !
 76. Pour qui est la bague de fiançailles ?
 77. Le club des amoureux transis
 78. Une proposition choc !

Volume 7
Date de sortie :

 79. La Déclaration oubliée
 80. Une bague pour moi ?!
 81. La Chasse à l'homme idéal
 82. Le Champion de l'amour
 83. Blonde !!!
 84. Arrêtez-moi pour la vie !
 85. Non aux fiancés infidèles !!
 86. La Fiancée venue du passé
 87. Cauchemar d'une nuit d'été
 88. Hésitation fatal
 89. Songe d'une journée de septembre
 90. La Lettre cassette
 91. Mon amour n'est rien que pour toi
 92. J'suis plus une enfant
 93. Un casse-croûte de trois milliards de yens

Volume 8
Date de sortie :

 95. L'oiseau en cage
 96. Un lourd secret
 97. Faites brûler mon passé !
 98. Digne de son amour
 99. Des baisers dans le noir !!
 100. Un amour qui traverse le temps
 101. Le prof sème la panique
 102. L'amoureux de Rui
 103. Le portrait-robot de l'amour
 104. Un baiser torride dans le parc aux amoureux
 105. Le costume du policier
 106. Une décision courageuse !
 107. Un pieux mensonge
 108. Un homme sexy !??
 109. Je suis le chef de la famille ?
 110. Trois en un
 111. La grande peur des sous-vêtements

Volume 9
Date de sortie :

 112. Réussir pour quelqu'un
 113. La femme la plus importante !
 114. Un défi à relever !!
 115. On a enlevé ma fiancée !
 116. Une longue journée
 117. Décalage horaire !
 118. Le petit boulot de Toshio
 119. Séduction dans l'obscurité
 120. Quand le rat s'énerve
 121. Un fil à la patte
 122. Le dîner de la peur !
 123. Le secret des cartes de visite
 124. Cat's eye dans le soleil couchant
 125. Un air de déjà-vu
 126. Le tableau qui disparaît en fumée
 127. Une peur de douceur dans un monde de brutes

Volume 10
Date de sortie :

 128. Le chat pris au piège
 129. Ne regarde que moi!
 130. Le réveil d'Aphrodite
 131. La déesse qui sourit
 132. Les larmes emportées par le vent
 133. Un message venu du passé
 134. Un jeu extrêmement dangereux
 135. Le dernier enjeu
 136. Enchaînés pour toujours
 137. Tomber amoureux encore une fois

Édition deluxe

Tomes 1 à 10

|}

Tomes 11 à 15

|}

Cat's Ai

Tomes 1 à 8

|}

Références

 Édition deluxe japonaise

 Édition deluxe française

 Cat's Ai japonais

 Cat's Ai français

Cat's Eye


text:
Kenneth Lorne Broderick (Toronto, Ontario, 1942. február 16. – 2016. március 13.) profi jégkorongozó kapus.

Életpályája
Komolyabb junior karrierjét a OHA-s Toronto Marlborosban kezdte, ahol három idényt játszott. Még egy évet játszott az OHA-ban a Brampton Seven-Ups csapatába. De ezt megelőzően szerepelt az IHL-es St. Paul Saintsban három mérkőzésen. A 60-as évek közepén leginkább a válogatott színeiben szerepelt. Részt vett az 1965-ös és 1966-os jégkorong-világbajnokságon és az 1964-es és az 1968-as téli olimpián is. 1968-ban kezdett el játszani a Phoenix Roadrunnersben majd az Iowa Starsban. Az 1969–1970-es szezonban bemutatkozott az NHL-ben a Minnesota North Stars színeiben. Összesen hét mérkőzésen lépett jégre. Ezután játszott még a Phoenix Roadrunnersben, a Oakville Oaksban, a Galt Hornetsben és San Diego Gullsban mire ismét fellépehetett az NHL-ben. Ekkor (1973–1974) a Boston Bruins csapatában játszott öt mérkőzésen. Ezután játszott még a Boston Braves és a San Diego Gullsban és így a következő szezonban ismét játszhatott a Bruinsban 15 mérkőzést. Többet már nem játszott az NHL-ben. Szerepet kapott még a Rochester Americansben és a Binghamton Dusters. Játszott az akkor még WHA-as Edmonton Oilersben és a Quebec Nordiquesben. 1978-ban vonult vissza.

Díjai
 Olimpia All-Star Csapat: 1968
 Az olimpia legjobb kapusa: 1968
 WHL Első All-Star Csapat: 1973
 Leading Goaltender Award: 1973
 Leader Cup: 1973

Jegyzetek

Források
Életrajz
Statisztika
Statisztika
Statisztika
Statisztika

1942-ben született személyek
2016-ban elhunyt személyek
A Minnesota North Stars játékosai
A Boston Bruins játékosai
Az Edmonton Oilers játékosai
A Quebec Nordiques játékosai
Kanadai jégkorongozók
Kanadai olimpiai bronzérmesek


text:
(200129) 1997 SZ30 es un asteroide perteneciente al cinturón de asteroides, descubierto el 27 de septiembre de 1997 por los astrónomos Ángel López Jiménez y Rafael Pacheco desde el Observatorio Astronómico de Mallorca, Costich (Mallorca), España.

Designación y nombre
Designado provisionalmente como 1997 SZ30.

Características orbitales
1997 SZ30 está situado a una distancia media del Sol de 3,040 ua, pudiendo alejarse hasta 3,860 ua y acercarse hasta 2,221 ua. Su excentricidad es 0,269 y la inclinación orbital 9,236 grados: emplea 1936,64 días en completar una órbita alrededor del Sol.

Características físicas
La magnitud absoluta de 1997 SZ30 es 15,1.

Véase también
 Lista de asteroides del (200101) al (200200)
 Cuerpo menor del sistema solar

Referencias

Asteroides del cinturón principal
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos por Ángel López Jiménez
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos por Rafael Pacheco
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos desde el Observatorio Astronómico de Mallorca
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos en 1997
Wikiproyecto:Asteroides/Artículos de asteroides


text:
Bruno Tüscher (* 6. Juni 1984 in Wetzikon, heimatberechtigt in Kallnach) ist ein Schweizer Politiker (FDP.Die Liberalen).

Im Jahr 2014 wurde er in den Gemeinderat Münchwilen AG gewählt. Seit 2018 hat er das Amt als Gemeindeammann inne. Er bringt sich zudem als Mitglied im Vorstand der Gemeindammännervereinigung ein.

Seit 2020 ist er Grossrat im Kanton Aargau.

Er hat ein Amt als Stiftungsrat der Ortsbürgerstiftung Münchwilen inne.

2019 kandidiert Tüscher bei den Gesamterneuerungswahlen für die FDP für einen Sitz im Nationalrat.

Weblinks
 Website von Bruno Tüscher

Einzelnachweise

Softwareentwickler
Grossrat (Aargau)
FDP-Mitglied (Schweiz)
Major (Schweiz)
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Schweizer
Geboren 1984
Mann


text:
Sundhedspolitik betegner det politikområde, der beskæftiger sig med befolkningens sundhed. Konkret drejer sundhedspolitikken sig om indretningen af sundhedsvæsenet, behandlingen og forebyggelsen af sygdomme i befolkningen samt indsatsen for at mindske befolkningens risiko for at blive ramt af sygdom.

Idet sundhedsvæsenet i mange lande er blandt de dyreste aktiviteter overhovedet, hvad enten det finansieres af det offentlige eller af forsikringer, nyder sundhedspolitikken konstant bevågenhed fra presse, vælgere og politikere. Mange af de spørgsmål, der knytter sig til sundhedspolitikken er enten af ideologisk eller økonomisk karakter, eksempelvis er det konstant til diskussion hvorvidt privathospitaler gavner eller skader det offentlige sundhedsvæsen, ligesom der vedvarende er fokus på at forbedre kvaliteten og effektiviteten af behandlingen.

To centrale og modstridende hensyn i sundhedspolitikken er ønsket om at sikre den enkeltes valgfrihed og ønsket om fri og lige adgang til behandling. Hvis valgfriheden prioriteres højt, vil sundhedsvæsenet ofte organiseret efter en markedsmodel, mens det hvis ligheden prioriteres højest vil bygge på en solidarisk finansieringsform, f.eks. via skatter eller som i Danmark sundhedsbidrag. Historisk har idealet om valgfrihed været dominerende i USA, mens de europæiske landes sundhedssystemer har været baseret på lighedstankegangen. Det skal dog bemærkes, at langt de fleste lande befinder sig et sted midt mellem de to yderpunkter. Det gælder også Danmark, der historisk kan siges at have prioriteret ligheden højere end valgfriheden, men hvor de senere års sundhedspolitik med initiativer som behandlingsgaranti og kontraktstyring har gjort mere brug af markedslignende mekanismer.

Kilder og eksterne henvisninger
 Leksikon.org: Sundhedspolitik
 Andersen, Martin Marchmann (2019). Om betydningen af personligt ansvar i sundhedspolitiske begrundelser. I H. B. Boelsbjerg, & S. Glasdam (red.), Folkesundhed: Bag om intentioner og strategier (s. 73-84). Gad.
 Folker, A. P., Lauridsen, S., Andersen, M. M., Kongsholm, N. C., & Varga, S. (2021). Practice-guided public health philosophy. Health promotion international, 36(6), 1775-1782.
Referencer

Noter


text:
La ville américaine de Benbrook est située dans le comté de Tarrant, dans l'État du Texas. Lors du recensement de 2010, elle comptait .

Source

Liens externes

City au Texas
Comté de Tarrant


text:
Jeannette Lee is a British music record executive, music manager, filmmaker and former musician. A retail worker at the Acme Attractions store that, along with the SEX boutique run by Malcolm McLaren and Vivienne Westwood, was instrumental in spawning punk in the UK,
she went on to become a member of post-punk band Public Image Ltd (PiL). Lee is currently co-owner of the independent record label Rough Trade Records.

History
Lee grew up in the 1970s in a council estate in London. To stay out of trouble she spent most of her time in her room listening to records.  While she was at a club she was noticed by Don Letts, who asked her to work for a store he was managing, Acme Attractions. It was here she met and befriended key players in London's up-and-coming punk scene, including the Sex Pistols.

After the Pistols' disintegration, frontman John Lydon asked her to help out with his new band, Public Image Ltd. She first took a management role but later became a public face in the band as a singer/performer on stage. In 1981, her face appeared on the front sleeve of The Flowers of Romance.  Lee and PiL moved to New York City, where they stayed during 1981 and 1982. There, Lee brought a multimedia awareness to the band, including using video as an aspect of live performances. This would lead to the 'riot' at the Ritz when the band elected to play behind a giant video screen .

Lee moved back to London and married Gareth Sager. While raising their first child, she was approached by Geoff Travis with an offer to join him in managing the Rough Trade label. Eventually, in 1987, the two became full partners.

Rough Trade had many successes, signing acts such as Stiff Little Fingers, The Smiths and The Sundays before going bankrupt in 1991 due to cash flow problems within their distribution business and an expensive and unsuccessful new computer system. Lee and Travis then moved into band management for successful groups including The Cranberries and Pulp.

In 2000, Sanctuary Records decided to resurrect Rough Trade and brought on Lee and Travis to run their old label again.  The label had immediate success with The Strokes, Arcade Fire and The Libertines. Musicians have credited Lee's musical sense and straightforward honesty as important components of the label's ability to keep signing the next big band. In July 2007 Sanctuary Records then sold Rough Trade to the Beggars Group making it once again independent.

Lee personally managed Welsh soul singer Duffy, from 2006 until the relationship ended in January 2010.

References

External links
Video interview of Travis and Lee at the Accelerator Festival in Sweden

English music managers
English businesspeople
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)


text:
Nemertesia tropica är en nässeldjursart som beskrevs av Ramil och Vervoort 2007. Nemertesia tropica ingår i släktet Nemertesia och familjen Plumulariidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Hydrozoer
tropica