text:
Daniel Dion O'Brien (born July 18, 1966) is an American former decathlete and Olympic gold medalist. He won the Olympic title in 1996, three consecutive world championships (1991, 1993, 1995), and set the world record in 1992.

Early life
O'Brien was born in Portland, Oregon in 1966. He is of African American and Finnish heritage, and grew up as an adopted child in an Irish-American family in Klamath Falls.  He attended Henley High School graduating in 1984. At the Oregon High School State Championships he led his team to a team runner-up finish with O'Brien scoring all points. He earned four individual gold medals winning the 110 meter high hurdles, 300 meter hurdles, long jump and 100 yard dash. He then attended the University of Idaho in Moscow, where he competed in track and field for the Vandals. After initially flunking out of the university and then incurring legal difficulties, O'Brien attended Spokane Falls Community College, a community college in Spokane, Washington in 1987-1988. He returned to the UI to compete for the Vandal track  and complete his bachelor's

O'Brien trained for his Olympic and world championships on the Palouse under Idaho's track coach Mike Keller, and Rick Sloan of Washington State in neighboring Pullman for the field

O'Brien competed at the U.S. Olympic Trials in 1988; after a fast time in the 100 meters, he was injured in the long jump and withdrew. He took second place at the Goodwill Games in Seattle in 1990, behind Dave Johnson.

Career

Olympics
As the 1991 world champion, O'Brien entered the Olympic year of 1992 as the favorite to win gold in the decathlon in Barcelona and be proclaimed as the "world's greatest athlete." However, during the U.S. Olympic Trials at Tad Gormley Stadium in New Orleans in late June, O'Brien had a disaster in the eighth event, the pole vault. After passing at the first four (lower) heights, O'Brien entered the competition at , and failed to clear the bar on all three attempts. As a result, he scored no points and dropped from first to eleventh place among the 24 decathletes. He did not make the Olympic team for Barcelona, but he continued to train for the competition held in France a few weeks after the Olympics ended.

O'Brien's "no height" in the pole vault was also a financial embarrassment for his main corporate sponsor, and for NBC television which was heavily promoting the upcoming Olympics.  He appeared with U.S. rival Dave Johnson, the Goodwill Games champion, in a popular TV advertising campaign for Reebok. The series of commercials, entitled "Dan & Dave," were meant to build interest in Reebok and the decathletes, culminating in the Olympics in Barcelona. O'Brien's unexpected failure in New Orleans received considerable attention; Reebok adjusted by running new ads featuring him cheering on Dave, who went on to win the bronze medal.

O'Brien regrouped and set a world record of 8,891 points in early September in Talence, France. His marks were as follows: 100 meters in 10.43 seconds (with a tailwind); Long Jump 26 ft 6¼ in (8.08 m); Shot Put 54 ft 9¼ in (16.69 m); High Jump 6 ft 9½ in (2.07 m); 400 meters 48.51 seconds, for a first day total of 4,720 points; Day two 110 Meter High Hurdles in 13.98 seconds; Discus 159 ft 4 inches (48.56m); Pole Vault 16 ft 4¾ in  (5.00 m); Javelin 205 ft 4 in (62.58m); 1,500 meter run in 4 minutes 42.10 seconds = total 8,891 points).

This stood as the world record until 1999, and the American record for nearly twenty years, until Ashton Eaton broke it in 2012 at the U.S. Olympic Trials in Eugene, Oregon. O'Brien was in attendance at Hayward Field and congratulated Eaton shortly after he completed the 1500 meters for a new world record of 9,039 points.

At the Olympics in Atlanta in 1996, O'Brien won the gold medal with 8,824 points, 118 ahead of runner-up Frank Busemann of Germany. After a break from competition, he won the Goodwill Games title in 1998, held east of New York City on Long Island, his eleventh consecutive win since 1992. A plantar fascia injury to his left foot in July 2000, shortly before the U.S. Olympic Trials, caused his withdrawal and he did not defend his title. Injuries continued and prevented his return to the Olympic trials in 2004.

Other athletics
O'Brien broke the world record for the fastest game of hopscotch on Chelsea Piers on May 7, 2009. He established a record of 81 seconds, breaking the old mark by two seconds.

Shortly following the 2010 MLB season, O'Brien began working with San Francisco Giants third baseman Pablo Sandoval, in an effort to help the struggling slugger lose weight.

Modeling/Product endorsements
In the late 1990s, Dan O'Brien appeared in ads for Italian designer Versace.

Literature
On June 1, 2012, O'Brien released a book which was co-written with Brad Botkin, "Clearing Hurdles: The Quest to Be The World's Greatest Athlete" ().

Podcast
O'Brien and Dave Johnson are the subject of (and participants in) the ESPN Radio 30 for 30 podcast "The Trials of Dave and Dan"

Personal life
O'Brien has been a resident of the Phoenix area since 1997, relocating from northern Idaho. He owns Gold Medal Acceleration, a gym in Scottsdale, is a volunteer track coach at ASU, and does commentary for track and field events on television.

Honors and awards
O'Brien won the Olympic gold medal for decathlon at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, and also won gold medals at the 1991, 1993, and 1995 World Championships in Athletics.

Shortly after his gold medal performance at the 1996 Olympics, O'Brien was honored with "Dan O'Brien Day" by the state of Idaho and a parade by the city of Moscow in mid-August.

O'Brien was inducted into the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame in 2005, along with Dave Johnson.  He was inducted into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame in 2006, the University of Idaho Sports Hall of Fame with the large inaugural class of 2007, and the United States Olympic Hall of Fame in 2012.

A street in Klamath Falls was named for him 1996, and Henley High School honored O'Brien by renaming its football field after the athlete in 2010.

The University of Idaho's outdoor track and field venue was named for O'Brien in 1996.  The complex underwent a $2.5 million renovation in 2011–12, and he was on hand in Moscow in May 2012 to rededicate it.

See also

References

External links

 U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame – Dan O'Brien
 University of Idaho – Vandal Athletics Hall of Fame – Dan O'Brien
 USA Track & Field  – Dan O'Brien
 Big Sky Conference – Dan O'Brien

 A "Dan & Dave" reunion - The Portland Tribune - 07-Oct-2005
 Biggest sports busts -- ESPN Page 2

Video
YouTube – Reebok Commercials - Dan and Dave - 1992
YouTube – World Record, from French television broadcast (1992)
FloTrack.org – Dan O'Brien reflects (2012)

1966 births
Living people
African-American male track and field athletes
American male decathletes
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
American people of Finnish descent
Track and field athletes from Idaho
People from Klamath Falls, Oregon
Idaho Vandals men's track and field athletes
American adoptees
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in track and field
World Athletics Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Track and field athletes from Portland, Oregon
Goodwill Games medalists in athletics
Arizona State Sun Devils track and field coaches
World Athletics Championships winners
World Athletics Indoor Championships winners
Competitors at the 1998 Goodwill Games
Competitors at the 1990 Goodwill Games
Competitors at the 1994 Goodwill Games
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople


text:
Regina Iossifowna Derijewa (, wiss. Transliteration ; * 7. Februar 1949 in Odessa; † 11. Dezember 2013 in Stockholm) war eine russische Dichterin, Übersetzerin und Essayistin. Sie ist auf dem katholischen Friedhof des Norra begravningsplatsen von Solna im Norden von Stockholm beigesetzt.

Werke (Auswahl)
 Почерк. Alma-Ata: Zhazuchy, 1978.
 Himmelens Geometri. Skellefteå: Norma & Artos, 2003.
 Собрание дорог (Ausgewählte Werke). St. Petersburg: Aletheia, 2005.
 Alien Matter. New York: Spuyten Duyvil, 2005.
 Allt som tolv kejsare inte hunnit säga. Stockholm: Ars Interpres Publications, 2006.
 Oavbrutet svarta bilder. Göteborg: Carl Forsbergs bokförlag, 2007.
 The sum total of violations. UK: Arc Publications, 2009
 Corinthian Copper. Grosse Pointe Farms, MI: Marick Press, 2010.

Literatur
 Wolfgang Kasack, "Regina Derieva, Das lyrische Werk": ein Kindlers Neues Literatur Lexikon, ed. Rudolf Radler, Band 21 (München: Kindler, 1998).
 Wolfgang Kasack, "Christus in der russischen Literatur : ein Gang durch die Literaturgeschichte von ihren Anfängen bis zum Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts". München : Verlag O. Sagner in Kommission, 1999
 Wolfgang Kasack, "Russische Literaturgeschichten und Lexika der russischen Literatur.: Die Handbücher des 20. Jahrhunderts". Überblick, Einführung, Wegführer. UVK, Universitätsverlag Konstanz, 1997
 Wolfgang Kasack, "Das Motiv der Kreuzigung Christi in der russischen Literatur". Ostkirchliche Studien 47 (1998).
 Wolfgang Kasack, "Christi Rückkehr in die russische Literatur". Stimmen der Zeit, Heft 2, Februar 2000
 Wolfgang Kasack, "Kennzeichen der russischen Literatur 1985–1997". Die slavischen Literaturen heute. Opera Slavica, Neue Folge 36, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2000
 Christus in der russischen Literatur: ein Gang durch ihre Geschichte von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts, Stuttgart, Verl. Urachhaus, 2000 ISBN 3-8251-7250-3

Weblinks
 SPIEGEL-ONLINE. Literatur, 14. Oktober 2014
 Regina Derieva. Offizielle Website (englisch)
 Bengt Jangfeldt: Regina Derieva obituary In: The Guardian. 8. Januar 2014 (englisch)

Autor
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Russisch)
Lyrik
Essay
Übersetzer aus dem Englischen
Übersetzer aus dem Polnischen
Übersetzer aus dem Schwedischen
Übersetzer ins Russische
Russischer Emigrant
Sowjetbürger
Geboren 1949
Gestorben 2013
Frau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Andreas Beutler (born January 26, 1963) is a retired professional ice hockey defender. He spent the majority of his career with SC Bern in the National League A and won three NLA championships with the team in 1989, 1991 and 1992. After retiring he became a coach and has coached several teams in the Swiss lower leagues.

Achievements
1989 - NLA Champion with SC Bern
1991 - NLA Champion with SC Bern
1992 - NLA Champion with SC Bern

International play
Andreas Beutler participated in the following tournaments for the Swiss national team:

 1 A-World Championships: 1991
 1 Olympic Games: 1992 in Albertville

External links

1963 births
Living people
EHC Basel players
Ice hockey players at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Olympic ice hockey players of Switzerland
SC Bern players
SCL Tigers players
Swiss ice hockey defencemen


text:
Komp ist ein Ortsteil von Seelscheid in der Gemeinde Neunkirchen-Seelscheid im Rhein-Sieg-Kreis.

Lage
Der ehemals eigenständige Ort Komp liegt im Süden von Seelscheid an der Bundesstraße 56 zwischen Unterste Zeit und Oberste Zeit.

Geschichte
1845 hatte der Hof zehn katholische Einwohner in drei Häusern. 1888 gab es hier neun Bewohner in drei Häusern.

1910 wohnten in Komp die Familien Schlosser Julius Linden, Metzger August Müller und die gewerblose Witwe Peter Josef Hirtsiefer.

Die Ansiedlung gehörte bis 1969 zur Gemeinde Seelscheid.

Einzelnachweise

Ehemaliger Ortsteil von Neunkirchen-Seelscheid


text:
Palazzo Cenci Maccarani di Brazzà, conhecido também como Palazzo Maccarani Stati ou Palazzo Cenci alla Dogana, é um palácio maneirista localizado na Piazza Sant'Eustachio, no rione de mesmo nome de Roma, bem em frente à igreja de Sant'Eustachio.

 História
Segundo Giorgio Vasari em sua "Vite" (1521), o conservador de Roma Cristoforo Stati, membro da antiga família romana dos Stati Tomarozzi, com o dinheiro do dote de sua esposa, Faustina Cenci, encomendou a reestruturação de algumas propriedades familiares no local da moderna Piazza Sant'Eustachio ao seu amigo arquiteto e pinto Giulio Pippi, mais conhecido como Giulio Romano. É possível que ele tenha se inspirado na estrutura do Palazzo Caprini, de Bramante, simplificando-a, mas é mais provável que sua influência mais direta tenha sido o vizinho Palazzo Vidoni Caffarelli, de Rafael. Terminado em poucos anos, entre 1519 e 1524, o palácio, conhecido na época como Palazzo Stati Cenci, é uma das poucas obras de Romano na cidade de Roma. Cristoforo Stati se casou pela segunda vez, com Quintilia Peruzzi Albertoni, em 1543  e faleceu oito anos depois, em 1551.

Cesare Stati, filho de Cristoforo e casado com Lucrezia Capizucchi, herdou o palácio com a morte do pai. Contudo, ele passou por graves dificuldades financeiras em 1561 e acabou obrigado a ceder a residência da família a um parente distante, o monsenhor Cristoforo Cenci, que era membro de um ramo diferente (o ramo de Arenula) na família de sua mãe, por  escudos. Ele nomeou como seu herdeiro um filho ilegítimo, Francesco Cenci, pai da famosa Beatriz Cenci.

O edifício saiu definitivamente do controle da família Cenci depois do assassinato de Francesco, que, viúvo, havia "se casado novamente, em 1593, com Lucrezia Petroni e, em conflito com seus próprios parentes", havia "abandonado Monte Cenci para morar em Sant'Eustachio", por sua filha. Tamanho foi o escândalo que, já em 5 de agosto de 1599, uma ordem do papa Clemente VIII Aldobrandini — o mesmo que autorizou a corte a submeter os Cenci à torturas (nobres só podiam ser torturados com permissão papal) e que solicitou que a sentença fosse executada rapidamente — autorizou "em caso de condenação (ainda que mitigada), o confisco dos bens" da família.

Em 1786, o imóvel passou para a família Maccarani, que era parente dos antigos Cenci. A partir daí, o edifício foi repartido e passou a ser alugado, primeiro a hóspedes privados e depois aos governantes de Roma. No início do século XX, o palácio foi vendido à família dos condes de Brazzà, proprietários de um palácio do século XVI no rione Trevi, o Palazzo Maccarani a Trevi, conhecido também como Palazzo di Brazzà. Finalmente, em 1972, o palácio passou para o domínio do estado e passou a servir, por causa de sua localização, ao Senado da República, sediado no vizinho Palazzo Madama. Os dois palácios estão ligados por uma passagem pedestre subterrânea, durante cuja construção foi descoberta uma parte das antigas Termas de Nero, deixada no local. Atualmente o palácio abriga escritórios dos senadores, de serviço e da administração.

Entre os hóspedes famosos do local estão o cardeal Domenico Toschi (1595-1599) e Ferdinando Taverna (1599-1604), governadores de Roma, e Giacomo della Chiesa, o futuro papa Bento XV (início do século XX).

 Descrição

A fachada na Piazza Sant'Eustachio apresenta um piso térreo rusticado no qual se abre um portal com duas lesenas com silhares, que aparecem também no tímpano triangular e nas quatro portas para lojas que o flanqueiam. Acima está um mezzanino com quatro janelas de moldura simples. Tanto estas quando as portas das lojas são alongadas horizontalmente de modo que os silhares gigantes acima destas parecem suspensos entre os blocos, resultando numa sensação de precariedade (aumentada pela pesada cornija marcapiano contínua que repousa sobre os blocos verticais da rusticação), como acontece no Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne, da mesma época.

No primeiro piso há cinco janelas com tímpanos curvos e triangulares alternando entre si; no segundo piso, por outro lado, as janelas contam apenas com arcos rebaixados. A decoração arquitetônica prossegue da mesma forma nas laterais do edifício, de frente para a Via dei Caprettari e a Via del Teatro Valle. No lado direito da fachada é visível uma estrutura mais elevada parecida com um torre, uma adição do século XIX. Do portal principal se chega a um pátio interno, assimétrico por causa da necessidade de respeitar algumas estruturas mais antigas. O lado da entrada apresenta três arcadas assentadas sobre pilastras com lesenas dóricas e, sobre elas, duas lógias: a do primeiro piso com lesenas jônicas, a do segundo, com colunas coríntias. Os outros lados desta fachada interior para o pátio estão repartidos por lesenas dóricas. No direito está uma pequena fonte com uma coluna.

 Decoração
O palácio foi restaurado pela primeira vez em 1972 e depois novamente em 2001. Depois desta última foram descobertas diversas decorações pictóricas, presumivelmente realizadas depois da construção original. Supõe-se que tenham sido encomendadas entre 1543, data do segundo matrimônio de Cristoforo Stati, e 1551, ano da morte de Stati.

Segundo a historiadora da arte Giuseppina Magnanimi, a decoração deve ser atribuída a Perin del Vaga e ao seu estúdio. Em 1999, o historiador De Jong, baseando sua análise no afresco da Sala Grande, no qual aparecem histórias sobre Júlio César, afirmou que quem teria encomendado a decoração foi Cesare Stati, filho de Cristoforo, o que elimina a possibilidade de o autor ter sido Perin del Vaga, que morreu em 1547; ele propõe Prospero Fontana e Luzio Romano. Esta teoria, contudo, pode ser integrada com a de Magnanimi, que defendia que, para além do programa artístico geral, só era possível atribuir a Perin uns poucos nus e alguns grotescos; ela também propunha os nomes de Luzio e Prospero como responsáveis pela maior parte da decoração. Há afrescos e decorações em madeira no teto em três salas atribuídos também a Giovanni Battista Magni, Il Modanino.

Na sala do piso nobre corre ao longo das paredes um afresco emoldurado por putti e festões chamado "Afresco dos Amantes preferidos dos Deuses". Nele estão representados vários episódios das "Metamorfoses" e dos "Fastos" de Ovídio: "Mercúrio e Aglauro", "As filhas de Cécrope procurando Aglauro", "Hércules e Ônfale", "Minerva e Aracne", "Vênus e Psiquê", "A competição entre os Piérides e as Musas", "Júpiter e Dânae" e finalmente "Marte e Vênus".
 Ver também
 Palazzo Maccarani Odescalchi''

Notas

Bibliografia

Palácios de Roma
1524
Arquitetura maneirista na Itália
Residências oficiais da Itália
Cenci
Família Maccarani
Roma R. VIII Sant'Eustachio


text:
"Sorry, Blame It on Me" is the fifth single from R&B singer/songwriter Akon's second studio album, Konvicted (Deluxe Edition). The song was co-written and produced by Clinton Sparks. This song was made after the nightclub incident in which Akon did a sexual dance with an underage girl. A demo of the song was leaked in February 2007, several months before the official version became available on Akon's Myspace. The song was put on iTunes on July 17, 2007. The song attained the number one position on iTunes on July 21, 2007 and July 23, 2007. The song was released to radio on July 24, 2007. The song debuted on the August 4, 2007 issue of the Billboard Hot 100 at number seven, unable to make as big of impact as Akon's previous single Don't Matter.   A music video directed by Chris Robinson was produced to promote the single.

Track listing
 "Sorry, Blame It on Me" - 4:57

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2007 singles
Akon songs
Music videos directed by Chris Robinson (director)
Pop ballads
Songs written by Akon
Songs written by Clinton Sparks
2006 songs
Interscope Records singles
Konvict Muzik singles


text:
Zeinab Mohammed Salih (Arabic: زينب محمد صالح, born in Khartoum, Sudan) is a Sudanese freelance journalist, working mainly on political, social and gender-related issues in Sudan and neighbouring countries. She has published numerous reports for national Sudanese as well as for international news media, such as The Guardian, The Independent, BBC News, Financial Times and Al Jazeera.

Biography
Salih earned an MA degree in international politics from City, University of London and in international journalism from Cardiff University in the United Kingdom. Ahead of the Sudanese presidential 2010 elections and the 2011 referendum on southern Sudanese self-determination, Salih joined The Niles project in 2009, a German government funded transnational newspaper, published in Arabic and English. She was one of a group of young freelance journalists from norther and southern Sudan who acquired professional training to report about current and cultural affairs. In 2017, she also worked as journalist at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City.

Among Salih's more than 100 articles published by The Guardian up to March 2022, there are several reports about the Sudanese Revolution, and she has written about pro-democracy activists, atrocities committed by the Sudanese military or security forces, the role of women in the Sudanese revolution, rape and lack of justice after the killing of a teenage girl. In a 2019 article for the BBC News published before the revolution, she reported about Sudanese women using a Facebook group to share photographs of as yet unidentified sexual perpetrators, where the members of the group then tried to identify and denounce them publicly. Among other issues, Salih has also written on Al-Jazeera News about ongoing human rights violations in Sudan's Darfur region, and BBC about racial abuse and glorification of past slave traders in Sudan.

Salih founded the Sudanese Network for Human Rights Information and has also reported on political and human rights issues in neighbouring Egypt, Chad and Ethiopia. In the 2019 book Pioneers, Rebels and a few Villains. 150 years of journalism in Eastern Africa, she was described as a "tireless freelance reporter about and beyond the Sudanese Revolution."

References

Further reading

  pdf

External links

 Zeinab Mohammed Salih on Twitter
 Mention of Zeinab Mohammed Salih on Google books

Sudanese journalists
Living people
Sudanese mass media people
Year of birth unknown
Alumni of City, University of London
Alumni of Cardiff University
Sudanese women journalists
Year of birth missing (living people)


text:
Gunnarsörarna är en ö i Finland. Den ligger i Skärgårdshavet och i kommunen Hangö i den ekonomiska regionen  Raseborg i landskapet Nyland, i den sydvästra delen av landet. Ön ligger omkring 120 kilometer väster om Helsingfors.
Öns area är  hektar och dess största längd är 1 kilometer i öst-västlig riktning. Ön höjer sig omkring 20 meter över havsytan.

Klimat
Inlandsklimat råder i trakten. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är augusti, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är januari, med  °C.

Kommentarer

Källor

Öar i Hangö
Öar i Hangö västra fjärd
Öar i Skärgårdshavet


text:
Противочумная (особая) лаборатория форта Александр I (1899—1914) — научное подразделение Императорского института экспериментальной медицины, расположенное в кронштадтском форте Александр I. В лаборатории изучалась бактериология чумы и производилась противочумная сыворотка.

История

В конце XIX века многие страны мира охватила так называемая третья пандемия чумы. В 1897 году на базе Императорского института экспериментальной медицины была создана «Особая комиссия для предупреждения занесения чумной заразы и борьбы с нею в случае её появления в России» (КОМОЧУМ).

В 1899 году директор Института экспериментальной медицины профессор судебной медицины Сергей Михайлович Лукьянов открыл первую в России противочумную лабораторию в бывшем форте «Император Александр I» Кронштадтской крепости.

Уединённый форт оказался наиболее подходящим местом для размещения Особой лаборатории (станции) по производству вакцины и иммунной сыворотки с использованием лошадей в качестве рабочего материала. Принц Ольденбургский используя свое влияние при дворе, добился передачи форта «Александр I» Институту экспериментальной медицины. Форт был реконструирован (1897—1899) в основном за счёт средств принца Ольденбургского. Форт оборудовали паровым отоплением конюшен, лифтом для подъёма животных и печью для их кремации. 27 июля 1899 года состоялось торжественное освящение станции. После этого в форте поселилось несколько врачей, в числе которых были М. Г. Тартаковский — организатор лаборатории и её первый заведующий, Н. М. Берестнев, Д. К. Заболотный. Для связи с внешним миром учёным форта был выделен маленький пароход под названием «Микроб», зимой сообщение происходило на санях. 22 августа 1899 года Комиссия о мерах предупреждения и борьбы с чумной заразою постановила производство кем бы то ни было как опытов, так и исследований по бубонной чуме сосредоточить исключительно в помещениях форта «Император Александр I» в Кронштадте, воспретив эти работы во всех других учреждениях Петербурга, ввиду представляемой ими опасности.

Работа с возбудителем чумы, приготовление разводок, заражение и вскрытие животных производились с особыми (для того времени) предосторожностями. Врачи и прислуга надевали брюки и халаты из тонкой прорезиненной материи и калоши, на голову холщовый колпак; по окончании работы халат и брюки вымачивались в карболовой кислоте, калоши мылись сулемой.

Даже в спокойное, «здоровое» время ни один человек, не принадлежащий к штату служащих, не имел права оставаться после захода солнца на форте; врачи получали через известные промежутки времени право съездить повидаться с своими родными и семьями; доступ посторонних лиц крайне ограничен. Каждого постороннего, вступающего на территорию форта, встречал жандарм, требующий пропуска. При малейшем подозрении в появившемся заболевании, на форту немедленно устанавливается карантин. Сообщение с людьми и доставка провианта и всяких предметов, производимая из Кронштадта при помощи специального парохода, а зимой прямо по льду, приостанавливаются: все присылаемое оставляется «зачумлённым» перед фортом, и служители форта являются за доставленным, после исчезновения вдали силуэтов привезших продукты в форт.

Бактериологическая лаборатория в форте Александр I, производила противочумную сыворотку. В лабораторию приезжали врачи с периферии, которые здесь изучали бактериологию вообще и бактериологию чумы в частности. Устраивались курсы по изучению чумы (преподавали A. А. Владимиров, С. И. Златогоров, Н. М. Берестнев, B. И. Исаев). Сотрудники лаборатории занимались также вопросами происхождения, течения и лечения лёгочной формы болезни.

С января 1902 года должность заведующего лаборатории занял ветеринарный врач В. И. Турчинович-Выжникевич.

Несмотря на строгий контроль, на территории лаборатории было две вспышки чумы:
 в 1904 году — погиб доктор В. И. Турчинович-Выжникевич; заболел, но был вылечен фельдшер .
 в 1907 году — погиб доктор М. Ф. Шрейбер; заболел, но был вылечен доктор .

После этого даже после упразднения лаборатории за фортом осталось неофициальное название «Чумной форт».

После смерти В. И. Турчиновича-Выжникевича заведующим лаборатории был назначен Н. М. Берестнев (1904—1908).

С 1905 года деятельность лаборатории расширилась. Помимо изучения чумы, расширили область изучения на другие патогенные микроорганизмы (холеры, сапа), начали готовить холерную вакцину, холерные и брюшнотифозные диагностические агглютинирующие сыворотки. Во время Русско-японской войны в лаборатории была создана антидизентерийная сыворотка и налажено её производство.

С началом Первой мировой войны научные исследования в лаборатории почти прекратились, а большинство учёных было призвано в армию. Февральская революция 1917 года привела к отставке А. П. Ольденбургского с поста попечителя института экспериментальной медицины (9 марта). В конце 1917 года культуры возбудителей чумы и холеры были вывезены в Саратов, где осенью 1918 г. был создан первый в стране противочумный институт «Микроб».

Организация помещений противочумной лаборатории
На первом этаже форта находились: часть лабораторий и конюшня на двадцать лошадей. Лестницы внутри здания были чугунные, ажурные, оставшиеся от прежних времён. Рядом с конюшней были построены две кремационные печи, предназначенные для сжигания трупов, павших от чумы лошадей, мелких животных, навоз и все отбросы. В них также сжигали тела врачей, умерших от чумы. Здесь же помещались комнаты для мелких животных — белых мышей, крыс, морских свинок и кроликов; паровой стерилизатор; прачечная; баня; электрическая станция; слесарная мастерская; кузница и кухня.

На втором этаже форта располагались: основные лаборатории, музей, библиотека, служившая также и усыпальницей для двух врачей, погибших от чумы на форте, и рядом с ней столовая. В противоположном конце коридора находились биллиардная и квартира заведующего (две комнаты с прихожей), а также 11 комнат для врачей, служащих и приезжающих работать в лабораторию. В помещениях для врачей имелись две ванные и уборная.

На третьем этаже форта также находились лаборатории, 2 больших термостатных комнаты, склады сена и овса. Во время чумных заболеваний на форте, одна из комнат лабораторий была приспособлена под лазарет для заразных больных. На третьем этаже жили служители, их квартира была изолирована от лаборатории; тут же была устроена их кухня, общая столовая и отдельная комната — незаразный лазарет для служителей.

В литературе
 Пикуль В. С. Исторические миниатюры, Письмо студента Мамонтова. Издательство: АСТ, Вече, ISBN 5-17-010666-1, 2002 г.

См. также
 :Категория:Сотрудники противочумной лаборатории форта Александр I

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки

Чума в России
Кронштадт


text:
Berglimattsee is a lake in the protected area Freiberg Kärpf on municipal territory of Glarus Süd in the Swiss canton of Glarus.

The lake lies at  on a small plateau near the Gandfurggele, a col between the Garichtisee in the upper Niderental in the west and the Berglialp and the Sernftal in the east. To the north are the two peaks of the Gandstock, to the south the Charenstock. The lake's outflow is a tributary of the Niderenbach, which flows further into the Sernf.

Access
 From the west: Berglimattsee can be reached via a mountain hiking trail from Mettmenalp (mountain station of the cable car Kies-Mettmen) at Garichtisee in about 1.5 hours (550 m altitude difference).
 From the east: the ascent from Engi or Matt in the Sernftal takes about 4 hours (1300 m elevation gain).

Flora and fauna
The lake is rich in small animals (e.g. rotifers) and algae, as well as alpine newts in summer. Fish, on the other hand, do not exist, probably because the lake partially freezes to the bottom in winter.

References

Lakes of the canton of Glarus


text:
Mind the gap er en eksperimentalfilm fra 1993 instrueret af Kassandra Wellendorf efter eget manuskript.

Handling
En hektisk, men underlig rejse gennem Londons Undergrund. Den fjerde i instruktørens serie 'Storbyportrætter' - And then I felt / maybe I was dreaming backwards / I had the feeling / if I changed my seat / the dream / running the passengers backwards / but they were non existent / but the dream was running / maybe thte driver was running the dreams backwards.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Film fra Danmark (administrationskategori)
Eksperimentalfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1993


text:
This is a list of notable events in Latin music (i.e. Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking music from Latin America, Europe, and the United States) that took place in 2015.

Events
May 7 – Argentine singer-songwriter Teresa Parodi is appointed her country's first Minister of Culture following the president's decision to promote the Culture Secretariat to a cabinet-level ministry.
July 30Telemundo announces that it has acquired the rights to produce a Spanish-language version of the American Music Awards from the Dick Clark Productions. The inaugural awards show is planned to air in fall 2015.
October 29 — "Bailando" by Enrique Iglesias, Gente de Zona, and Descemer Bueno breaks the record for the longest-running song at number-one on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart, surpassing "La Tortura" by Shakira and Alejandro Sanz.
November 19 — Joan Manuel Serrat is honored by the Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences as the Person of the Year.
November 20
14th Annual Latin Grammy Awards
"Bailando" by Enrique Iglesias, Gente de Zona, and Descemer Bueno wins Song of the Year.
"Universos Paralelos" by Jorge Drexler and Ana Tijoux wins Record of the Year.
Paco de Lucía posthumously wins Album of the Year for  Canción Andaluza.
Mariana Vega wins Best New Artist.

Number-ones albums and singles by country
List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 2014 (Brazil)
List of number-one songs of 2014 (Colombia)
List of number-one albums of 2014 (Mexico)
List of number-one albums of 2014 (Portugal)
List of number-one albums of 2014 (Spain)
List of number-one singles of 2014 (Spain)
List of number-one Billboard Latin Albums from the 2010s
List of number-one Billboard Hot Latin Songs of 2014
List of number-one singles of 2014 (Venezuela)

Awards
2014 Premio Lo Nuestro
2014 Billboard Latin Music Awards
2014 Latin Grammy Awards
2014 Tejano Music Awards

Albums released

First-quarter

January

February

March

Second-quarter

April

May

June

Third-quarter

July

August

September

Fourth-quarter

October

November

December

Best-selling records

Best-selling albums
The following is a list of the top 10 best-selling Latin albums in the United States in 2014, according to Billboard.

Best-performing songs
The following is a list of the top 10 best-performing Latin songs in the United States in 2014, according to Billboard.

Deaths
January 6 — Nelson Ned, 66, Brazilian singer, pneumonia.
January 21 — Tony Pabón, 74, American singer, trumpeter and bandleader.
January 26 — Juanita Garica, 84, tejano music hall of fame inductee, natural causes.
February 12 — Santiago Feliú, 51, Cuban singer-songwriter, heart attack.
February 19 — Simón Díaz, 85, Venezuelan singer and composer.
February 25 — Paco de Lucía, 66, Spanish flamenco guitarist, heart attack.
March 14 – Paulo Schroeber, 40, Brazilian guitarist (post-surgery complications)
April 5 — Óscar Avilés, 90, Peruvian guitarist and singer.
April 17 — Cheo Feliciano, 78, American Puerto Rican salsa and bolero composer and singer, traffic collision.
April 19 — Sonia Silvestre, 61, Dominican singer and announcer, stroke.
April 23 — Benjamín Brea, 67, Spanish-born Venezuelan musician, stomach cancer.
May 1 — Juan Formell, 71, Cuban Grammy Award-winning musician, composer and director (Los Van Van).
May 8 — Jair Rodrigues, 75, Brazilian musician and singer, heart attack.
May 23 — Uña Ramos, 80, Argentine musician.
May 29 — Tito Torbellino, 31, American banda singer and musician, shot.
June 3 — Virginia Luque, 86, Argentine singer and actress.
June 7 — Helcio Milito, 83, Brazilian musician.
July 14 — Vange Leonel, 51, Brazilian singer, writer, feminist and LGBT activist, ovarian cancer.
August 3 — Daladier Arismendi, 39, Colombian singer, stabbed.
August 4 — Rafael Santa Cruz, 53, Peruvian cajon musician and actor, heart attack.
August 7 — Peret, 79, Spanish singer, guitarist and composer, lung cancer.
September 4 — Gustavo Cerati, 55, Argentine singer and musician (Soda Stereo), respiratory arrest.
September 19 — Milton Cardona, 69, Puerto Rican jazz musician, heart failure.
September 30 — Jadir Ambrósio, 91, Brazilian musician and composer.
October 3 — Nati Cano, 81, Mexican-born American mariachi musician (Mariachi los Camperos), recipient of the National Heritage Fellowship (1990).
December 21 — Horacio Ferrer, 81, Uruguayan/Argentine poet and tango lyricist.
December 28 — Leopoldo Federico, 87, Argentine tango musician.

References

Latin music by year