text:
India is the second most populated country in the world with a sixth of the world's population. According to official estimates in 2022, India's population stood at over 1.4 billion. According to UN forecasts, in 2023 India will overtake China and become the most populous country in the world.

Between 1975 and 2010, the population doubled to 1.2 billion, reaching the billion mark in 2000. India is projected to surpass China to become the world's most populous country by 2023. It is expected to become the first country to be home to more than 1.5 billion people by 2030, and its population is set to reach 1.7 billion by 2050. However, its pace of population growth is slowing.  In 2017 its population growth rate was 0.98%, ranking 112th in the world; in contrast, from 1972 to 1983, India's population grew by an annual rate of 2.3%.

In 2022, the median age of an Indian was 28.7 years, compared to 38.4 for China and 48.6 for Japan; and, by 2030;      India's dependency ratio will be just over 0.4. However, the number of children in India peaked more than a decade ago and is now falling. The number of children under the age of five peaked in 2007, and since then the number has been falling. The number of Indians under 15 years old peaked slightly later (in 2011) and is now also declining.

India has more than two thousand ethnic groups, and every major religion is represented, as are four major families of languages (Indo-European, Dravidian, Austroasiatic and Sino-Tibetan languages) as well as two language isolates: the Nihali language, spoken in parts of Maharashtra, and the Burushaski language, spoken in parts of Jammu and Kashmir. 1,000,000 people in India are Anglo-Indians and 700,000 United States citizens are living in India. They represent over 0.1% of the total population of India. Overall, only the continent of Africa exceeds the linguistic, genetic and cultural diversity of the nation of India.

The sex ratio was 944 females for 1000 males in 2016, and 940 per 1000 in 2011. This ratio has been showing an upwards trend for the last two decades after a continuous decline in the last century.

History

Prehistory to early 19th century
The following table lists estimates for the population of India (including what are now Pakistan and Bangladesh) from prehistory up until 1820. It includes estimates and growth rates according to five economic historians, along with interpolated estimates and overall aggregate averages derived from their estimates.

Estimates of historical world population

The population grew from the South Asian Stone Age in 10,000 BC to the Maurya Empire in 200 BC at a steadily increasing growth rate, before population growth slowed down in the Early Medieval Era up to 700 AD, and then started decreasing the  up to 1500 AD.

Under Mughal Empire, India experienced a high economic and demographic upsurge, due to Mughal agrarian reforms that intensified agricultural production. 15% of the population lived in urban centres, higher than the percentage of the population in 19th-century British India and contemporary Europe up until the 19th century. Those estimates were criticised by Tim Dyson, who considers them exaggerations. According to Dyson, urbanisation of the Mughal empire was less than 9%

Under the reign of Akbar (reigned 1556–1605) in 1600, the Mughal Empire's urban population was up to 17 million people, larger than the urban population in Europe. By 1700, Mughal India had an urban population of 23 million people, larger than British India's urban population of 22.3 million in 1871. Nizamuddin Ahmad (1551–1621) reported that, under Akbar's reign, Mughal India had 120 large cities and 3,200 townships. A number of cities in India had a population between a quarter-million and half-million people, with larger cities including Agra (in Agra Subah) with up to 800,000 people and Dhaka (in Bengal Subah) with over 1 million people. Mughal India also had a large number of villages, with 455,698 villages by the time of Aurangzeb (reigned 1658–1707).

Late 19th century to early 20th century
The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire years. Sources: Our World in Data and Gapminder Foundation.

Life expectancy from 1881 to 1950

The population of India under the British Raj (including what are now Pakistan and Bangladesh) according to censuses:

Studies of India's population since 1881 have focused on such topics as total population, birth and death rates, geographic distribution, literacy, the rural and urban divide, cities of a million, and the three cities with populations over eight million: Delhi, Greater Mumbai (Bombay), and Kolkata (Calcutta).

Mortality rates fell in the period 1920–45, primarily due to biological immunisation. Suggestions that it was the benefits of colonialism are refuted by academic thinking: "There can be no serious, informed belief… that… late colonial era mortality diminished and population grew rapidly because of improvements in income, living standards, nutrition, environmental standards, sanitation or health policies, nor was there a cultural transformation…".

Salient features

India occupies 2.41% of the world's land area but supports over 18% of the world's population. At the 2001 census 72.2% of the population lived in about 638,000 villages and the remaining 27.8% lived in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations.

India's population exceeded that of the entire continent of Africa by 200 million people in 2010. However, because Africa's population growth is nearly double that of India, it is expected to surpass both China and India by 2025.

Comparative demographics

List of states and union territories by demographics

Religious demographics

The table below summarises India's demographics (excluding the Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati district of Manipur state due to cancellation of census results) according to religion at the 2011 census in per cent. The data are "unadjusted" (without excluding Assam and Jammu and Kashmir); the 1981 census was not conducted in Assam and the 1991 census was not conducted in Jammu and Kashmir. Missing citing/reference for "Changes in religious demagraphics over time" table below.

Characteristics of religious groups

Neonatal and infant demographics

The table below represents the infant mortality rate trends in India, based on sex, over the last 15 years. In the urban areas of India, average male infant mortality rates are slightly higher than average female infant mortality rates.

Some activists believe India's 2011 census shows a serious decline in the number of girls under the age of seven – activists posit that eight million female fetuses may have been aborted between 2001 and 2011. These claims are controversial. Scientists who study human sex ratios and demographic trends suggest that a birth sex ratio between 1.08 and 1.12 can be due to natural factors, such as the age of mother at the baby's birth, the age of father at conception, number of babies per couple, economic stress, endocrinological factors, and others. The 2011 census birth sex ratio in India, of 917 girls to 1000 boys, is similar to birth sex ratios (870–930 girls to 1000 boys) observed in Japanese, Chinese, Cuban, Filipino and Hawaiian ethnic groups in the United States between 1940 and 2005. They are also similar to birth sex ratios (below 900 girls to 1000 boys) observed in mothers of different age groups and gestation periods in the United States.

Population within the age group of 0–6

Population above the age of seven

Literacy rate

Linguistic demographics

According to the 2001 census, 41.03% of the Indians spoke Hindi natively, while the rest spoke Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Maithili, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu and a variety of other languages. There are a total of 122 languages and 234 mother tongues spoken in India. Of these, 22 languages are specified in the Eighth Schedule of Indian Constitution, while 100 are non-specified.

The table below excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati District of Manipur state due to cancellation of census results.

Largest cities of India

Vital statistics

UN estimates

Census of India: sample registration system

Life expectancy

Source: UN World Population Prospects

Structure of the population

Structure of the population (9 February 2011) (Census) age wise are shown below:

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (03.III.2016):

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.III.2021):

Fertility rate
From the Demographic Health Survey:

Regional vital statistics

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Total population

1,166,079,217 (July 2009 est. CIA), 1,210 million (2011 census), 1,389,637,446 (May 2022 est.)

Rural population:

62.2%; male: 381,668,992, female: 360,948,755

Age structure:

0–14 years: 27.34% (male 186,087,665/female 164,398,204)
15–24 years: 17.9% (male 121,879,786/female 107,583,437)
25–54 years: 41.08% (male 271,744,709/female 254,834,569)
55–64 years: 7.45% (male 47,846,122/female 47,632,532)
65+ years: 6.24% (male 37,837,801/female 42,091,086) (2017 est.)

Median age:

Total: 28.7 years

Male: 28 years

female: 29.5 years (2020 est.)

Population growth rate :

0.67% (2022 est)

Literacy rate

74% (age 7 and above, in 2011)
81.4% (total population, age 15–25, in 2006)

Per cent of population below poverty line:

22% (2006 est.)

Unemployment rate:

7.8%

Net migration rate:

0.00 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Sex ratio:

At birth:
1.12 male(s)/female
Under 10 years:
1.13 male(s)/female
15–24 years:
1.13 male(s)/female
24–64 years:
1.06 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.9 male(s)/female
Total population:
1.08 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

Total population: 69.7 years
Male: 68.4 years
Female: 71.2 years (2020 est.)

Total fertility rate:

2.35 (2020 est.)

The TFR (total number of children born per women) by religion in 2005–2006 was: Hindus, 2.7; Muslims, 3.1; Christians, 2.4; and Sikhs, 2.0.

Religious Composition:

Hindus 79.5%, Muslims 15%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.7%, other and unspecified 2% (2011 est.)

Scheduled castes and tribes:

Scheduled castes: 16.6% (2011 census);
scheduled tribes: 8.6% (2011 census)

Languages

See Languages of India and List of languages by number of native speakers in India. There are 216 languages with more than 10,000 native speakers in India. The largest of these is Hindi with some 337 million, and the second largest is Bengali with 238 million. 22 languages are recognised as official languages. In India, there are 1,652 languages and dialects in total.

Caste
Caste and community statistics as recorded from "Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Commission" (SEBC) or Mandal Commission of 1979. This was completed in 1983.

India has chosen not to officially count caste population since then.

The following data are from the Mandal report:

Population projections
India is projected to overtake China as the world's most populous nation by 2023. These projections make assumptions about future fertility and death rates which may not turn out to be correct in the event. Fertility rates also vary from region to region, with some higher than the national average and some lower than China's.

2020 estimate
In millions

Ethnic groups

The national Census of India does not recognise racial or ethnic groups within India, but recognises many of the tribal groups as Scheduled Castes and Tribes (see list of Scheduled Tribes in India).

According to a 2009 study published by Reich et al.., the modern Indian population is composed of two genetically divergent and heterogeneous populations which mixed in ancient times (about 1,200–3,500 BP), known as Ancestral North Indians (ANI) and Ancestral South Indians (ASI). ASI corresponds to the Dravidian-speaking population of southern India, whereas ANI corresponds to the Indo-Aryan-speaking population of northern India. 700,000 people from the United States of any race live in India. Between 300,000 and 1 million Anglo-Indians live in India.

For a list of ethnic groups in the Republic of India (as well as neighbouring countries) see South Asian ethnic groups.

Genetics

Y-chromosome DNA

Y-Chromosome DNA Y-DNA represents the male lineage, The Indian Y-chromosome pool may be summarised as follows where haplogroups R-M420, H, R2, L and NOP comprise generally more than 80% of the total chromosomes.
 H ~ 30%
 R1a ~ 34%
 R2 ~ 15%
 L ~ 10%
 NOP ~ 10% (Excluding R)
 Other Haplogroups 15%

Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA mtDNA represents the female lineage. The Indian mitochondrial DNA is primarily made up of Haplogroup M
 Haplogroup M ~ 60%
 Haplogroup UK ~ 15%
 Haplogroup N ~ 25% (Excluding UK)

Autosomal DNA

Numerous genomic studies have been conducted in the last 15 years to seek insights into India's demographic and cultural diversity. These studies paint a complex and conflicting picture.
 In a 2003 study, Basu, Majumder et al. have concluded on the basis of results obtained from mtDNA, Y-chromosome and autosomal markers that "(1) there is an underlying unity of female lineages in India, indicating that the initial number of female settlers may have been small; (2) the tribal and the caste populations are highly differentiated; (3) the Austroasiatic tribals are the earliest settlers in India, providing support to one anthropological hypothesis while refuting some others; (4) a major wave of humans entered India through the northeast; (5) the Tibeto-Burman tribals share considerable genetic commonalities with the Austroasiatic tribals, supporting the hypothesis that they may have shared a common habitat in southern China, but the two groups of tribals can be differentiated on the basis of Y-chromosomal haplotypes; (6) the Dravidian speaking populations were possibly widespread throughout India but are regulated to South India now; (7) formation of populations by fission that resulted in founder and drift effects have left their imprints on the genetic structures of contemporary populations; (8) the upper castes show closer genetic affinities with Central Asian populations, although those of southern India are more distant than those of northern India; (9) historical gene flow into India has contributed to a considerable obliteration of genetic histories of contemporary populations so that there is at present no clear congruence of genetic and geographical or sociocultural affinities."
 In a later 2010 review article, Majumder affirms some of these conclusions, introduces and revises some other. The ongoing studies, concludes Majumder, suggest India has served as the major early corridor for geographical dispersal of modern humans from out-of-Africa. The archaeological and genetic traces of the earliest settlers in India has not provided any conclusive evidence. The tribal populations of India are older than the non-tribal populations. The autosomal differentiation and genetic diversity within India's caste populations at 0.04 is significantly lower than 0.14 for continental populations and 0.09 for 31 world population sets studied by Watkins et al., suggesting that while tribal populations were differentiated, the differentiation effects within India's caste population was less than previously thought. Majumder also concludes that recent studies suggest India has been a major contributor to the gene pool of southeast Asia.
 Another study covering a large sample of Indian populations allowed Watkins et al. to examine eight Indian caste groups and four endogamous south Indian tribal populations. The Indian castes data show low between-group differences, while the tribal Indian groups show relatively high between-group differentiation. This suggests that people between Indian castes were not reproductively isolated, while Indian tribal populations experienced reproductive isolation and drift. Furthermore, the genetic fixation index data show historical genetic differentiation and segregation between Indian castes population is much smaller than those found in east Asia, Africa and other continental populations; while being similar to the genetic differentiation and segregation observed in European populations.
 In 2006, Sahoo et al. reported their analysis of genomic data on 936 Y-chromosomes representing 32 tribal and 45 caste groups from different regions of India. These scientists find that the haplogroup frequency distribution across the country, between different caste groups, was found to be predominantly driven by geographical, rather than cultural determinants. They conclude there is clear evidence for both large-scale immigration into ancient India of Sino-Tibetan speakers and language change of former Austroasiatic speakers, in the northeast Indian region.
 The genome studies conducted up until 2010 have been on relatively small population sets. Many are from just one southeastern state of Andhra Pradesh (including Telangana, which was part of the state until June 2014). Thus, any conclusions on demographic history of India must be interpreted with caution. A larger national genome study with demographic growth and sex ratio balances may offer further insights on the extent of genetic differentiation and segregation in India over the millenniums.

Charts

See also

 Census in British India
 Culture of India
 Non-resident Indian and Overseas Citizen of India
 Demographics of Central Asia
 Female foeticide in India
 Missing women
 Hinduism in India
 Jainism in India
 Sikhism in India
 Islam in India
 Christianity in India
Judaism in India
 Zoroastrianism in India
 Irreligion in India

Government
 2011 Census of India
 National Commission on Population

Lists
 List of states and union territories of India by fertility rate
 List of states and union territories of India by population
 List of cities in India by population
 List of metropolitan areas in India
 List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India

Notes

References

Bibliography

 Arnold, David. Pandemic India: From Cholera to Covid-19 (Oxford University Press, 2022) online review
 Chakravorty, Swastika, Srinivas Goli, and Kuriath S. James. "Family demography in India: Emerging patterns and its challenges." Sage Open 11.2 (2021): 21582440211008178. online

.  Joseph Chamie is former director of the United Nations Population Division and Barry Mirkin is former chief of the Population Policy Section of the United Nations Population Division.
 Chandrasekhar, S., and Ajay Sharma. "Urbanization and spatial patterns of internal migration in India." Spatial demography 3.2 (2015): 63-89. online

 Sekher, T. V. "Rural demography of India." in  International handbook of rural demography (Springer, Dordrecht, 2012) pp. 169-189.

 Smith, Robert D., and Mohandas K. Mallath. "History of the growing burden of cancer in India: from antiquity to the 21st century." Journal of Global Oncology 5 (2019): 1-15. online

Medieval India
Lal, K. S. (1978). Growth of Muslim population in medieval India (A.D. 1000–1800). Delhi, Research Publications.
Lal, K. S. (1995). Growth of scheduled tribes and castes in medieval India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan.

External links

 Census of India; government site with detailed data from 2001 census
 Population of India as per Census India 2011
 Census of India map generator; generates maps based on 2001 census figures
 Demographic data for India; provides sources of demographic data for India
 2001 maps; provides maps of social, economic and demographic data of India in 2001
 Population of India 2011 map; distribution of population amongst states and union territories
 India's Demographic Outlook: Implications and Trends
 "World Population Prospects": Country Profile – India
 Aggregated demographic statistics from Indian and global data sources
 Demographic statistics for India – online on Bluenomics
 India comparing with China population projection graph Based on data from database of UN Population Division

Demographic history of India


text:
Rick Kowalsky (born March 20, 1972) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He was selected by the Buffalo Sabres in the 10th round (227th overall) of the 1992 NHL Entry Draft.

Kowalsky played four seasons (1989 – 1993) of major junior hockey with the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds of the Ontario Hockey League, scoring 54 goals and 100 assists for 144 points, while earning 259 penalty minutes, in 209 games played. He went on to play 12 seasons of professional hockey, including 183 games played in the American Hockey League and 516 games in the ECHL. Kowalsky retired as a player following the 2004–05 season during which he helped the Trenton Titans capture the Kelly Cup as the 2005 ECHL Champions. In 2017, he was elected into the ECHL Hall of Fame.

Kowalsky spent 15 seasons as a coach in the New Jersey Devils organization of the National Hockey League (NHL), including spent eight seasons as the head coach of their American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Albany Devils and the Binghamton Devils. As the head coach for Albany in 2015–16, Kowalsky was named AHL Coach of the Year after leading the Devils to the second round of the playoffs. In 2021, he was hired by the New York Islanders, and his former boss Lou Lamoriello when he was with the Devils, as an assistant coach for their AHL affiliate, the Bridgeport Islanders.

Career statistics

References

External links

Living people
1972 births
Buffalo Sabres draft picks
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Cardiff Devils players
Cornwall Aces players
Hampton Roads Admirals players
Norfolk Admirals players
Portland Pirates players
Roanoke Express players
Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds players
Trenton Titans players
New Jersey Devils coaches
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Wales

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Vendramin ist der Name einer venezianischen Patrizierfamilie, die in der zweiten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts mit Andrea Vendramin (um 1393 – 1478) einen Dogen der Republik Venedig stellte. Sie wird daher zu jenen 16 Geschlechtern gezählt, die als die "herzoglichen Häuser" (case nuove ducali) bezeichnet werden, obgleich sie diesen Rang natürlich nicht erblich, sondern nur in der jeweiligen Person des Wahlherzogs besaßen (siehe: Patriziat von Venedig).

Geschichte
Über den Ursprung der Familie gibt es verschiedene Hypothesen, darunter eine Herkunft aus Udine, Aquileia oder Illyrien. Durch die sogenannte serrata, die Schließung des Großen Rates in der Zeit um 1297/1323, schlossen die etablierten Familien Venedigs Emporkömmlinge von den Regierungsgeschäften aus, darunter die Vendramin. Da sie aber im Chioggia-Krieg der Republik erhebliche Unterstützung zukommen ließen, wurden sie 1381 wieder in den Großen Rat aufgenommen. Sie stellten, neben dem Dogen Andrea, auch verschiedene Staatsbeamte, Militärs und kirchliche Würdenträger.

1739 fiel der Palazzo Vendramin-Calergi im Stadtteil Cannaregio auf dem Erbweg von den Grimani-Calergi an Niccolò Vendramin di San Marcuola, der den Namen Vendramin-Calergi annahm, den auch das Gebäude seither trägt. Die Grimani hatten es 1668 von den erloschenen Calergi geerbt, einer – ebenfalls 1297 vom Großen Rat ausgeschlossenen – Familie griechischen Ursprungs, die große Güter in der venezianischen Kolonie auf Kreta besessen hatte, dem von 1212 bis 1669 bestehenden Herzogtum Candia. Ebenso erbte Niccolò Vendramin die Villa Grimani Vendramin Calergi Valmarana in Noventa Padovana. 1844 wurde der Palast verkauft, die Villa wurde Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts von Gräfin Elena Valmarana, geb. Gräfin Vendramin-Calergi, an die Kommune Noventa Padovana vererbt, die dort 1909 eine Schule einrichtete. In derselben Gemeinde besaß die Familie auch die Villa Vendramin Cappello Collizzolli. Durch die Heirat des Francesco Vendramin-Calergi 1757 mit Bianca Morosini, Tochter des Dogen Francesco Morosini, kam die von diesem erbaute Villa Morosini Vendramin Calergi in Fiesso Umbertiano in die Familie und blieb es bis 1895. Ein weiterer Landsitz, der sich zeitweise im Besitz der Familie befand, war die Villa Onigo Calergi Grimani Avogadro degli Azzoni in Lanzago (Stadt Silea).

Beim Untergang der Republik 1797 existierte die Familie in vier Linien. 1817/18 wurden diese durch kaiserliche Beschlüsse in den Österreichischen Adel des Königreichs Lombardo-Venetien aufgenommen, die Linie Vendramin-Calergi 1818 in den Grafenstand erhoben. Diese Linie existiert noch.

Bekannte Namensträger
 Andrea Vendramin (um 1393 – 1478), Doge von Venedig
 Francesco Vendramin (1555 – 1619), Bischof, Patriarch und Kardinal

Bilder

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Venezianisches Patriziergeschlecht


text:
La inmigración belga en Chile hace referencia al movimiento migratorio de ciudadanos de nacionalidad belga o pertenecientes al pueblo belga, como también en general a personas provenientes de los actuales territorios del Reino de Bélgica hacia la República de Chile.

Historia
Existe registro de la presencia de inmigrantes provenientes de los Países Bajos meridionales (actuales territorios belgas) durante la época de dominio del Imperio español (1556-1714); mientras que al mismo tiempo los españoles regían en el Reino de Chile, por lo que técnicamente se trataba de movimientos migratorios dentro de los mismos dominios de la Monarquía Hispánica.

El principal movimiento migratorio de belgas hacia Chile se produjo a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, una vez establecida la independencia de Bélgica de los Países Bajos, del mismo modo que Chile ya había dejado de formar parte de España a comienzos de siglo.

Colonización de Chiloé
Como parte de la colonización europea de Chiloé realizada a partir de 1895, un contigente de unas 20 familias belgas se asentó principalmente en el sector de Quetalmahue de la Isla Grande, iniciando las actividades de desarrollo urbano y agropecuario en la zona.

Colonización de Chile Chico
Luego de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y una vez terminada la ocupación alemana por la Alemania nazi, entre 1947 y 1949 un grupo de familias belgas se asentó en la comuna de Chile Chico, Región de Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, en la Patagonia chilena. Ellos se dedicaron a labores de desarrollo agrícola y forestal, instalando entre otras actividades productivas, molinos y un banco aserradero. Como parte del proceso de migración campo-ciudad, muchos de sus descendientes emigraron a las grandes ciudades. En la comuna vecina de Río Ibáñez, existe un cause de agua bautizado como Estero de los Belgas, en homenaje a los colonizadores de dicha nacionalidad.

Personas destacadas

Belgas residentes en Chile
 Gustavo Le Paige, sacerdote católico y científico;
 Maurice van de Maele, arqueólogo, antropológo y escritor;
 Roger Vekemans, sociólogo y sacerdote jesuita;
 Gustave Verniory, ingeniero;
 Isidora Zegers Montenegro, cantante y compositora.

Chilenos de ascendencia belga
 Salvador Allende Gossens, médico y político;
 Eugenio Heiremans, empresario y dirigente gremial;
 Luis Alberto Heiremans, médico, literato y traductor, hermano del anterior;
 Enrique van Rysselberghe Martínez, político;
 Enrique van Rysselberghe Varela, arquitecto y político, hijo del anterior;
 Jacqueline van Rysselberghe, médico psiquiatra y política, hija del anterior;
 Violeta Vidaurre Heiremans, actriz, académica y guionista.

Bibliografía

Véase también
 Inmigración en Chile
 Relaciones Bélgica-Chile
 Inmigración chilena en Bélgica
 Inmigración neerlandesa en Chile

Referencias

Belga
Chile
Relaciones Bélgica-Chile


text:
Chirculești ist der Name mehrerer Orte in Rumänien:

 Chirculești (Giurgiu), Dorf im Kreis Giurgiu
 Chirculești (Vâlcea), Dorf im Kreis Vâlcea


text:
Sarojini Nagar is one of the 403 assembly constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the area of Sarojini Nagar in the Lucknow district. It is one of five assembly constituencies in the Mohanlalganj Lok Sabha constituency.

Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 170 amongst 403 constituencies.

In 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) candidate Rajeshwar Singh won the elections defeating Samajwadi Party candidate Abhishek Mishra by the margin of 56,186 votes. He is an ex-ED Joint Director IPS officer who has taken VRS from the service to contest the elections.

Members of Legislative Assembly

Election results

2022

2017

2012

2007

References

External links

Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh


text:
NCAS may refer to:

Organisations
 National Centre for Atmospheric Science, a UK research centre
 National Clinical Assessment Service, a body dealing with UK healthcare professionals
 National Consortium for Academics and Sports, a programme in the USA using sport to effect social change


text:
Multicultural Urban Secondary English (MUSE) was a two-year master's and credential program in the Graduate School of Education at the University of California, Berkeley. Graduates of the MUSE program receive their single subject credential for teaching English in secondary schools as well as a master's degree in education. In their first year, participants complete graduate level coursework concurrent with student teaching. During the second year of the program, MUSE students work full-time in a local middle or high school while completing their master's thesis. The program director was the late  Christine Cziko.
The program that replaced this program is called the Single Subject- English Pathway.

References

University of California, Berkeley


text:
One-Eyed Jack was a comic strip in British comic Valiant from December 1975 to October 1976, and then later in Battle Picture Weekly. It was about a tough New York detective called Jack McBane. The strip was created by Valiant editor and writer John Wagner and artist John Cooper.

History
In 1975 Valiant was struggling as its sales figures fell, and it was in danger of being cancelled. John Wagner was asked to take over as editor and reinvigorate the title with better, more hard-hitting stories. At the time, Wagner was the editor of a girls' comic, but he had previously helped to set up and launch Battle, a boys' war comic. One-Eyed Jack was one of the new stories Wagner introduced to Valiant, and he wrote all of the episodes which appeared in Valiant. It was inspired by the 1971 film Dirty Harry and other police films and television shows. The first episode appeared in the 20 December 1975 issue, and it immediately became the most popular story in the comic. Wagner attributes this in part to Cooper's artwork. In his introduction to the 2017 trade paperback collection, he wrote: "The impact of the story was in huge measure boosted by the slick, superb artwork of John Cooper... The characters and the city came to life".

The lead character was Detective Jack McBane, who lost his left eye when he was shot by a robber in the first episode. After ten years of doing police work "by the book", McBane became ruthless and willing to do whatever it took to beat the criminals he encountered. Each episode was three or four pages long, and usually contained a complete story, although there were some two- or three-episode stories. The weekly episodes were in black and white, but there was a full-colour episode in the 1978 Valiant Annual (published in 1977). Wagner later said: "I did the first script then handed the character over to someone else and just read all the scripts as they came in".

After ten months, Valiant was merged into Battle on 23 October 1976, and Wagner's involvement with the strip ended. It continued to appear in Battle, written by Gerry Finley-Day and others, and John Cooper continued to provide the art. McBane left the police force and became a spy for the US military.

After the strip ended, it was reprinted in Eagle comic, starting in July 1983 and ending in December 1984 (issues 68 to 143). Some episodes were also reprinted in 2000 AD annuals.

In 2017 all of the Valiant episodes were collected in a graphic novel by Rebellion's Treasury of British Comics imprint.

In 2023 McBane appeared in episodes of Judge Dredd in a time-travel story written by Ken Niemand and illustrated by Ian Richardson and Quinton Winter (starting in the Judge Dredd Megazine #452).

Inspiration for Judge Dredd
In 1977, Wagner went on to create the strip Judge Dredd for 2000 AD. In a 1995 interview he said: "When Pat [Mills] was putting together 2000 AD, we realised from the success of "One-Eyed Jack" this was the kind of story the paper should have – a really hard, tough cop". In 2017 he wrote: "The lessons I learned from One-Eyed Jack played no little part in the creation of Judge Dredd".

Recurring characters
 Detective Jack McBane
 Detective Willy Novak, McBane's partner
 Lieutenant Joseph Carrelli, McBane's superior in the NYPD
 Ed Calucchi, McBane's partner in the Military Intelligence Agency
 General Mantis, head of the MIA

References

Sources

 "One-Eyed Jack: Top of the Cops," by Karl Stock, in Judge Dredd Megazine #385 (July 2017)
 One-Eyed Jack, Introduction by John Wagner (Rebellion, 2017),
 Judge Dredd: The Mega-History by Colin M. Jarman and Peter Acton (Lennard Publishing, 1995), , p. 17

British comics
Comics by John Wagner


text:
King U-thong () or King Ramathibodi I ( ; 1314–1369) was the first king of the kingdom Ayutthaya (now part of Thailand), reigning from 1351 to 1369. He was known as Prince U Thong (meaning "Golden Cradle") before he ascended to the throne in 1350.  There are many theories about Uthong's background, including possibly being a descendant of Mangrai.

According to a better-known source, a seventeenth-century account by Dutchman Jeremias Van Vliet, a Renowned Legend stated that Ramatibodi was an ethnic Chinese, having sailed down from China. After succeeding in trade, he became influential enough to rule the city of Phetchaburi, a coastal town of the Gulf of Thailand, before travelling up to Ayutthaya.

Ramathibodi I established four Great Officers of State.  These were the Ministry of the Interior (Wieng), the Ministry of the Treasury (Klang), the Ministry for the King's Household (Wang), and the Ministry of Agriculture (Na).  He also codified the T'ai laws.  Finally, he formed an alliance with the Ming Dynasty.

He established his own capital in the new city of Ayutthaya.  King Ramathabodi's reign included Korat, Chantaburi, Tavoy, Tenasserim, and large parts of Malaya.

In 1352 he laid siege to Yasodharapura.  He was successful the following year and placed one of his sons on the throne.  However, they were only able to keep the throne until 1357, when the Khmers were able to regain it.

King Ramathibodi's death sparked a conflict over succession. Initially, his son King Ramesuan became ruler of Ayutthaya, but King Ramesuan later abdicated in favor of King Ramathibodi's brother-in-law, King Borommaracha I.  This rivalry for the throne may have been peaceful or it may have been bloody.

References

Bibliography
Wyatt, David K., Thailand: A Short History, New Haven (Yale University), 2003.
Srisak Vallipodom, Sheikh Ahmad Qomi and the History of Siam, Cultural Center of the Islamic City, Republic of Iran, Bangkok 1995, page 209
Plubplung Kongchana, The Persians in Ayutthaya, Institute of Asia Pacific Studies, Srinakharinwirot University.

See also
Lavo Kingdom
Ayutthaya Kingdom
History of Lopburi
Phetburi
Nakhon Thai

.
.
14th-century monarchs in Asia
Thai people of Chinese descent
1314 births
1369 deaths
14th-century Thai people
Founding monarchs


text:
Leo Skiri Østigård (28 november 1999) is een Noors voetballer die in het seizoen 2020/21 door Brighton & Hove Albion FC wordt uitgeleend aan Coventry City. Østigård is een verdediger.

Carrière
Østigård genoot zijn jeugdopleiding bij Åndalsnes IF en Molde FK. Hij maakte op 4 juni 2017 zijn officiële debuut in het eerste elftal van Molde tijdens de competitiewedstrijd tegen Sarpsborg 08 FF. In het seizoen daarop werd hij verhuurd aan de Noorse tweedeklasser Viking FK.

In augustus 2018 legde de Engelse eersteklasser Brighton & Hove Albion FC hem voor drie seizoenen vast. Østigård speelde eerst een seizoen bij de jeugd van Brighton en werd vervolgens een seizoen uitgeleend aan FC St. Pauli en Coventry City.

Zie ook
 Lijst van spelers van Molde FK
 Lijst van spelers van Viking FK
 Lijst van spelers van Brighton & Hove Albion FC
 Lijst van spelers van FC St. Pauli
 Lijst van spelers van Coventry City FC

Østigård,Leo Skiri


text:
Stephen Moorer (born September 29, 1961) is a stage actor, director, producer and non-profit administrator based on the Central California Coast. He founded the only year-round professional theatre in Monterey County, GroveMont Theatre in 1982, renaming the non-profit organization Pacific Repertory Theatre in 1994, when the group acquired the Golden Bough Playhouse in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California.

Early life and family
Moorer was born in Santa Monica, California.  His parents are George Edward Moorer, a retired salesman and entrepreneur, and Carrol Rothe Moorer, a nurse.  When he was 11 years old, his family moved to the Monterey Peninsula.  His mother acted in amateur performances in the San Fernando Valley, and Moorer got an early taste of performing in community theatre.  His first principal role was Miles in The Innocents (based on The Turn of the Screw), with The Rafters Theatre Guild.  Moorer attended the Carmel, California middle and high schools, becoming actively involved in the drama program, acting in and producing shows.  In his senior year, he played a criminal mastermind in Wait Until Dark.  From the age of 11 to 17, Moorer also studied theatre at Carmel's Children's Experimental Theatre.

After graduating from high school in 1979, Moorer appeared in a three-show repertory season at Hartnell Summer Theatre (which was later called the Western Stage).  He returned to the Children's Experimental Theatre in 1980 for a paid internship, sponsored by CETA, studying acting and theatre production.  In 1982, he trained in an intensive 16-week summer season at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco.

Moorer is married to Sarah Lapré of Carmel.  He was previously married to Jeanne Wooster, Mickie Mosley, and Julie Hughett, with whom he has one daughter, Claire.  He has two sisters, Jaqui Hope of Monterey, and Catherine Hudson of Carmel Valley.

Actor
Moorer's first professional acting experience was in 1979 at Hartnell Summer Theatre, playing Ottavio in Scapino.  The following year he played Bertram in All's Well that Ends Well and Benedick in Much Ado About Nothing.  He continued playing roles in companies throughout California, including Gunner in Misalliance (1981); Garth in Philadelphia Here I Come and Cliff in The Woolgatherer, Lancelot Gobbo in The Merchant of Venice and Tranio in Taming of the Shrew (all in 1982); Philip in The Lion in Winter and the title role in an adaptation of Tom Jones (both in 1983); Mark in Mass Appeal, Nick in David Mamet's The Woods and Toumel in A Flea in Her Ear (all in 1984); George in Of Mice and Men, John Merrick in The Elephant Man, Levinsky in Nuts, Dromio in Comedy of Errors and Romeo in Romeo and Juliet (all in 1985); Jack in Charley's Aunt (1986); and the title role in Robin Hood: The King Returns (1987) by Dan Gotch.

Beginning in 1987, Moorer began to perform mostly with the theatre company that he founded, GroveMont Theatre, later known as Pacific Repertory Theatre (PacRep).  His roles there in dramas, comedies and musicals included The Reporter in How I Got That Story (1987); Sylvestro in Scapino (1988); Williamson in Glengarry Glen Ross (1989); Valmont in Les Liaisons Dangereuses (1990); Barry Champlain in Talk Radio (1992); the title roles in Hamlet (1993) and Volpone (2000); Pilate in Jesus Christ Superstar; Johnny in Shimmer (1998); Brick in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof and Uncle Peck in How I Learned to Drive (both in 1999).

At the Forest Theater, for the Carmel Shake-speare Festival, he played Richmond in Richard III (1993), the title role in Coriolanus (1997), and Oberon in A Midsummer Night's Dream (2000).  In 2002, he returned to PacRep, where he revisited the title role in The Elephant Man (2002, opposite Barbara Babcock).  Of this performance, one reviewer wrote, "Moorer reprises his 1988 role ... with skill and dignity.  Working with no makeup or prosthesis to simulate Merrick's appearance, Moorer twists his face into a grotesque mask from which a high-pitched, rasping, wheezing voice emerges. From a physical aspect alone, Moorer's performance is skilled and noteworthy.  Moorer also delivers a well-executed emotional performance that highlights Merrick's artistic sensitivity and droll sense of humor."  He next played Jason in Medea (2003) (directed by Joseph Chaikin).  His performances as Ned in Elizabeth Rex and Edward de Vere in The Beard of Avon (2005), were praised by the critic of the Monterey County Weekly as "two of the greatest performances I've seen during three years of reviewing plays on the Peninsula".

In 2007, he played the title role in Macbeth (2007)." In 2012, he appeared as Marc Antony in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, in 2014, he portrayed Pontius Pilate in Jesus Christ Superstar, and in 2017 he played the title role in Cyrano at the Forest Theater. Monterey Herald critic Barbara Shuler noted that the "version fits Moorer well, allowing him plenty of knockabout comedy to enjoy alongside the deep dive into the pathos and suffering of this complex character. He does both with Cyrano-style panache and gives a heartrendingly moving performance in the final scene."

Director
Moorer has directed over a hundred productions. His first directing job was A Midsummer Night's Dream at the Monterey Bay TheatreFest in 1987.  At the Golden Bough Playhouse in Carmel, Moorer directed Pacific Repertory Theatre's (PacRep) inaugural production of Death of a Salesman (1995), as well as A Midsummer Night's Dream (1987, 1994), Amadeus (1996), Henry IV, Parts 1 & 2 (2002), Henry V (2002), Passion (1997), Romeo & Juliet (1991, 1997), Antony & Cleopatra (1998), Cyrano (Wells adaptation) (1998), West Side Story (2001), Thomas of Woodstock (2001), and The Full Monty (2006, 2007).

Moorer also directed PacRep's inaugural production at the Circle Theatre of the Golden Bough of La Bete (1995), as well as Sylvia (1998), Picasso at the Lapin Agile (2000), Edward III (2001), Richard II (2001), Sister Mary Ignatius Explains It All for You (2002), Henry VI Parts 1, 2 & 3 (2004), and Richard III (2004).  Of his Shakespeare "Royal Blood" series, Talkin' Broadway wrote, "Moorer ... has assembled a brilliant cast of actors from both San Francisco Bay and Los Angeles....  Moorer's direction is first class as he makes both productions exciting human dramas."  Another critic wrote, "director Stephen Moorer handles the time-shifting sequences with a keen immediacy that's become his trademark".

He directed the West Coast premieres of The Madness of King George (1995), High School Musical (2007), High School Musical 2 (2009) and Talking to Terrorists (2006).  At other theatres, he has directed The Wizard of Oz (2008), A Midsummer Night's Dream (2007), Othello (1992), King Lear (1999), Romeo and Juliet (1991), Nunsense (1991), Laughing Wild (1991), and The Merchant of Venice (1995), among others.

In 2003, Moorer produced and directed a Bay Area Critics' Awards-winning production of Buddy - The Buddy Holly Story. This production, starring Travis Poelle, opened at the Golden Bough Playhouse in Carmel and moved to San Jose, playing at the San Jose Stage.  The success of the production led to a revival in 2004 at the Post St. Theatre in San Francisco, garnering positive reviews and Bay Area Critics' awards for Best Musical, Best Ensemble, and Best Actor in a Musical (Travis Poelle).  Buddy Holly's widow, Maria Elena Holly, attended the show at each location, dancing onstage with the cast at curtain call. This production later returned to Carmel for several runs, most recently in 2008.

In 2009, Moorer directed Laughter on the 23rd Floor for Pacific Repertory Theatre.  The Monterey County Herald wrote, "Moorer has staged a terrific version of this play with a fun and talented cast". Between 2009 and 2016, Moorer directed a series of musical productions including "25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee", "All Shook Up", "Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory", "Poisoning Pigeons - A Tribute to Tom Lehrer", "Forbidden Broadway", "Hairspray", "Legally Blonde", "Spamalot", "Shrek the Musical", "The Pirates of Penzance", "Oliver!", and "Heathers The Musical".

In 2016, after a two-year renovation, the Forest Theater reopened with a season highlighted by The Wizard of Oz, produced and directed by Moorer. In 2017, Moorer directed and produced Peter Pan, also at the Forest Theater. This was followed in 2018 and 2019 by Fun Home at the Golden Bough and Beauty and the Beast at the Forest. Following the suspension of live performances due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Moorer reopened the Forest Theater in August 2021 by producing and directing a revival of Shrek the Musical.

Producer
Moorer began working in theatre production in 1981 as production manager for Carl Cherry Foundation's New Play Series.  By 2006, he had produced over 350 shows.  He founded GroveMont Theatre, now Pacific Repertory Theatre, in 1982, acting as Artistic Director, and based the company in the Monterey Playhouse.  Since that time, he has continued to lead the organization's activities as a major Monterey County arts institution and the only professional theatre company on the Monterey Peninsula.  In 1986, he oversaw the creation of the GroveMont Theatre Arts Center (now the Hoffman Street Theatre), and in 1990, he directed the renovation of the Monterey Playhouse.

In 1990, Moorer founded the Carmel Shake-speare Festival.  This annual summer festival uses all three of PacRep's stages, presenting a rotating repertory of Shakespeare, musicals, children's plays and other classic works of English-language drama.  Moorer also founded the Monterey Bay TheatreFest and the Actors-in-the-Adobes programs. He is also the co-founder of the Monterey County Theatre Alliance, a founding Board Member of Monterey Opera Association, the co-founder of Forest Theater Foundation, and a founding Board Member of Carmel Performing Arts Festival.

In 1993, Moorer spearheaded the campaign to save the Golden Bough Playhouse, and he has since directed its ongoing development and renovation.

In 2008, the Board of Directors of Pacific Repertory Theatre named Moorer as executive director. From 2008 through 2011, Moorer oversaw the Golden Bough Capital Campaign, resulting in a $2.5 million "Phase One" remodel project, designed by U.S. theatre architect Richard McCann, completed in October 2011. Phase One redesigned the main stage area of the primary Golden Bough Theatre, adding a digital projection system and two permanently installed revolving turntables. Additionally, the smaller Circle Theatre was rebuilt, electrical systems were upgraded, and safety and ADA access was improved. In 2017, Moorer announced plans for the "Phase Two" campaign, with a goal of $2.7 million, focusing primarily on the main auditorium and lobby areas.

In October 2018, Moorer announced a gift of $2.3 million from local philanthropies Roberta Bialek Elliot, which "essentially assures the completion of renovations" on PacRep's Golden Bough Playhouse."

Notes

References
"The Madness of Kings: A Small Company Takes on the Great Theatrical Tale of America's Last Royal Ruler", San Jose Mercury News, July 14, 1995, p. 39E
Clarkson, Philip B. "Carmel Shake-speare Festival", Shakespeare Companies and Festivals: An International Guide, pp. 28–31 (Eds. Ron Engle, Felicia Hardison Londré and Daniel J. Watermeier). Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995

External links
Moorer Profile at The Monterey County Theatre Alliance, Part 1
Moorer Profile at The Monterey County Theatre Alliance, Part 2
Review of Buddy
Pacific Repertory Theatre's official website

American theatre managers and producers
American theatre directors
American musical theatre directors
American male musical theatre actors
American male Shakespearean actors
American male stage actors
People from Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
Male actors from Santa Monica, California
Living people
1961 births
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors


text:
Pérez de los Cobos puede referirse a:
Francisco Pérez de los Cobos, jurista que fue presidente del Tribunal Constitucional de España.
Diego Pérez de los Cobos, hermano del anterior y coronel de la Guardia Civil.


text:
La Déclaration de Manille est un projet commun de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé et du Conseil des organisations internationales des sciences médicales. Il s'agit de directives internationales proposées pour la recherche biomédicale impliquant des sujets humains, créée en 1981 à Manille .

Il ne faut pas confondre la Déclaration de Manille concernant la recherche sur l'être humain avec l'Accord de Manille, signé le , la Déclaration de Manille, le , et une déclaration conjointe le , qui concernent tous trois un accord entre les Philippines, la Fédération de Malaisie et l'Indonésie.

Bioéthique


text:
Andrew (Andy) Daly (Westchester County, 15 april 1971) is een Amerikaans (stem)acteur en komiek.

Biografie
Andrew Daly werd in 1971 geboren in Mount Kisco (Westchester County), een stadje in de staat New York. In 1989 studeerde hij in New Jersey af aan Ridgewood High School, waarna hij een bachelor behaalde aan de acteerafdeling van Ithaca College.

Carrière
Na zijn studies verhuisde Daly naar New York, waar hij aan de slag ging als komiek en acteur. Zo was hij eind jaren 1990 te zien in onder meer afleveringen van de komische praatprogramma's Late Night with Conan O'Brien (1998–1999) en Late Show with David Letterman (1998). Van 2000 tot 2002 werkte hij mee aan het sketchprogramma MADtv.

In de daaropvolgende jaren werd Daly vooral bekend van bij- en gastrollen in bekende, komische series als Entourage (2006–2007), The Office (2007), Eastbound & Down (2009–2012), Modern Family (2013–2020), Silicon Valley (2014–2019) en Veep (2019). Als stemacteur werkte hij ook mee aan bekende animatieseries als The Simpsons, Rick and Morty en Bob's Burgers.

Naast televisie acteert Daly sinds de jaren 2000 ook regelmatig mee in komische films. Zo had hij kleine rollen in producties als What Happens in Vegas... (2008), The Informant! (2009) en Life as We Know It (2010). In 2011 had hij ook een figurantenrol in de actiefilm Transformers: Dark of the Moon.

Filmografie

Film
 The Brave Little Toaster to the Rescue (2005) (stem)
 Christmas with the Kranks (2004)
 School for Scoundrels (2006)
 Dante's Inferno (2007) (stem)
 What Love Is (2007)
 Wild Girls Gone (2007)
 Semi-Pro (2008)
 What Happens in Vegas... (2008)
 Tenure (2008)
 Post Grad (2008)
 The Informant! (2009)
 She's Out of My League (2010)
 Freak Dance (2010)
 Life as We Know It (2010)
 Yogi Bear (2010)
 High Road (2011)
 Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011)
 Butter (2011)
 Big Miracle (2012)
 A Haunted House (2013)
 Jason Nash Is Married (2014)
 A Better You (2014)
 Middle School: The Worst Years of My Life (2016)
 FML (2016)
 Table 19 (2017)

Televisie (selectie)
 Spin City (1996)
 MADtv (2000–2002)
 Reno 911! (2005–2009)
 Entourage (2006–2007)
 The Office (2007)
 Eastbound & Down (2009–2012)
 Greek (2007)
 Modern Family (2013–2020)
 Silicon Valley (2014–2019)
 Bob's Burgers (2014–) (stem)
 Adventure Time (2014–2017) (stem)
 Rick and Morty (2015) (stem)
 Black-ish (2015–)
 American Dad! (2016–)
 Brooklyn Nine-Nine (2017)
 The Simpsons (2018) (stem)
 The Good Place (2018)
 The Big Bang Theory (2019)
 Veep (2019)

Externe links
 Officiële website

Amerikaans acteur
Amerikaans komiek


text:
La trikalsilita és un mineral de la classe dels silicats que pertany al grup dels feldspatoides. El seu nom prové del gec "tria" (tres), per mor de que la longitud del seu eix a, 15,339 Å, és el triple que la del mateix eix del seu dimorf, la kalsilita, 5,1589 Å.

Característiques
La trikalsilita és un tectosilicat de fórmula química K₂NaAl₃(SiO₄)₃. Cristal·litza en el sistema hexagonal. La seva duresa a l'escala de Mohs és 6.

Segons la classificació de Nickel-Strunz, la trikalsilita pertany a "09.FA - Tectosilicats sense H₂O zeolítica, sense anions addicionals no tetraèdrics" juntament amb els següents minerals: kaliofil·lita, microclina, kalsilita, nefelina, panunzita, yoshiokaïta, megakalsilita, malinkoïta, virgilita, lisitsynita, adularia, anortoclasa, buddingtonita, celsiana, hialofana, ortosa, sanidina, rubiclina, monalbita, albita, andesina, anorthita, bytownita, labradorita, oligoclasa, reedmergnerita, paracelsiana, svyatoslavita, kumdykolita, slawsonita, lisetita, banalsita, stronalsita, danburita, maleevita, pekovita, lingunita i kokchetavita.

Jaciments
La trikalsilita va ser descoberta a Kabfumu, al volcà Nyiragongo (Kivu Nord, República Democràtica del Congo). També ha estat descrita al riu Orosmayo, al Departament de Rinconada (Jujuy, Argentina).

Referències

Minerals de potassi
Minerals de sodi
Minerals d'alumini
Tectosilicats
Minerals descoberts al Kivu Nord


text:
The Auburn Rubber Company was a rubber products manufacturer best known for its line of children's toys. It was probably the largest producer of rubber and vinyl toys in the world, though Norway's Tomte Laerdal, Finland's Plasto, and Sweden's Galanite were major European producers.

History
The Double Fabric Tire Company was started in Auburn, Indiana, in 1913. At the outset, Double Fabric made tires for the Auburn Automobile Company. In the 1920s, the name was changed to the Auburn Rubber Company. It phased out its production of tires and introduced new products such as rubber sheets used to sole shoes. In 1935, it began making rubber toys, including a variety of toy cars, trucks, tractors and animals. Most vehicles were four to eight inches in length and cast in a variety of colors. During World War II, the company continued to make soles – now for combat boots – and also gaskets for so-called "jerry cans."

Vehicles
Toys were made in many different styles, models and sizes. Proportion and detail were fairly good for vinyl toys. Probably the most famous were the four inch variety. Some of the model selections were clever and well done (for rubber) such as a 1955 Thunderbird, a Triumph TR-2, 1955 Mercedes-Benz 300SL, a 1957 Ford Ranchero, and perhaps the most famous Auburn Rubber offering, a neat Ford Model A-style Hot Rod.

One sports car appeared to be a cross between a Cunningham and an Aston Martin. One convertible's fins and dagmar bullets looked mainly like a Cadillac. Another odd sedan had fins like a Pontiac, a front grille like a Kaiser Traveller, with the general shape of a forward-look Chrysler. Utility and service vehicles in the small size were also popular such as a fire engine, a telephone truck with two ladders on top (it looked like a Dodge), and a flat bed truck. Police cars (molded in blue) and fire chief cars (molded in red) appeared to be  variations on 1955 Chevrolets. What appeared to be a policeman on a Triumph single cylinder motorcycle also was popular, and there was also a Harley three-wheeler. One of the more clever vehicles was a boy molded in a waving position on a tricycle.

Models were simply constructed, typically only 7 parts: the body, four wheels, and two metal axles with flared tips to keep the wheels in place. The wheels were a slightly harder vinyl and were usually molded in either black or yellow.  One popular coloring feature was the application of sprayed on silver coatings for the windows, grilles, bumpers, and other highlighted areas.  Peoples' faces in bas relief style would often be molded into the windows of the cars – and often separate views were seen from the driver's side to the passenger side. Entire torsos were often molded into the open interiors of convertibles or roadsters. Similar to other plastic or vinyl vehicles of the era, the toys were often shipped and sold with many vehicles clumped together in a single box – so the buyer could walk away with the vehicle of his choice – cars and trucks were not sold in their own individual packages.

Cars and trucks were also molded in larger sizes, from about five inches up to about ten inches or so. These appeared both as cars and trucks / utility vehicles. Larger cars included an Indianapolis style open wheel racer, a 1957 Cadillac Eldorado convertible, a less realistic Cadillac-style 'station wagon', and also a 1955 Plymouth station wagon airport limousine with nine different people molded into the windows. Utility vehicles produced were a detailed fire truck, a variety of tractors and farm implements, a road grader and other construction vehicles, an articulated cab and stake bed truck. Tanks and airplanes were a staple, and many other more fantastic creations were also produced.

Other Toys
In a more traditional vein, an antique style wagon with horses was also offered. Toy soldiers, cowboys, trees, farm animals, farm buildings, and even farm implements were also molded in a variety of colors, initially in rubber and later in plastic.  A life-sized horseshoe game (as they were rubber, they didn't do as much damage when one was hit in the head) was labeled as Auburn "safe play" toys.

Company Directions

The toy company was sold in 1959 and dies were moved to Deming, New Mexico, in a transaction described by author Jonathan Kwitny (1979) in his book, Vicious Circles: The Mafia in the Marketplace, as an example of the penetration of a legitimate business by organized crime. The former plant in Auburn was eventually acquired by Cooper Tire & Rubber Company and is now used by Cooper Standard Automotive. Auburn Rubber in Deming went out of business in 1969, and its toy cars could be found in retail stores through the early 1970s. The Deming toys are probably the Auburn Rubber products most often seen for sale at flea markets or on eBay today.

References

Works cited
 Kwitny, Jonathan.  1979.  Vicious Circles: The Mafia in the Marketplace.  New York: W.W. Norton,  422 pages.
 Leopard, Dave.  2003.  Rubber toy vehicles – Identification and Value Guide.  Collector Books, 144 colour pages.  and
 Sauer, Lee.  When it wasn't cars, it was car parts.  KPC News online.  Kendalville, Indiana.

Auburn, Indiana
Defunct toy manufacturers
Defunct companies based in Indiana
Rubber toys
Toy soldier manufacturing companies
Model manufacturers of the United States


text:
Anguilla mossambica is een  straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van echte palingen (Anguillidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1852 door Peters.

De diersoort komt voor in Zimbabwe.

Echte palingen
Endemisch dier uit Zimbabwe
IUCN-status gevoelig


text:
Alfred Sohn-Rethel, född 4 januari 1899, död 6 april 1990, var en tysk ekonom och filosof född i Frankrike, som intresserade sig mycket för epistemologi. Sohn-Rethel skrev också om relationen mellan tyska företagskoncerner och nazismen. Sohn-Rethel var son till konstnären Alfred Sohn-Rethel.

Verk
Sohn-Rethel studerade de samtida ekonomisk-sociala nätverken vilka var gynnsamt inställda till facismen. Sohn-Rethel menade att en kompromiss mellan industrin och storbönder vid ett aktieägarmöte hos IG Farben 1932 skapade en goda förutsättningar för diktaturen.

Bibliografi
 Intellectual and manual labour : a critique of epistemology, Atlantic Highlands, N.J : Humanities Press, 1977
 Economy and class structure of German fascism, London, CSE Books, 1978

Referenser

Externa länkar
 Utökad bibliografi

Tyska filosofer under 1900-talet
Män
Födda 1899
Avlidna 1990
Personer från Neuilly-sur-Seine


text:
24h Le Mans 1990 – 24–godzinny wyścig rozegrany na torze Circuit de la Sarthe w dniach 16–17 czerwca 1990 roku.

Wyniki
Źródło: experiencelemans.com

Przypisy

Wyścigi 24h Le Mans
1990 w sportach motorowych
1990 we Francji


text:
Big John may refer to:

People

In sports
 John Baker (defensive lineman, born 1935) (1935-2007), American National Football League player
 John Cannady (1923–2002), American National Football League player
 John Huard (born 1944), American former National Football League and Canadian Football League player and coach, member of the College Football Hall of Fame
 John Kissell (1923-1992), American National Football League and All-America Football Conference player
 John Macklin (c. 1884-1949), American college football player, multi-sport head coach and athletics administrator
 Big John Mazmanian (1926–2006), American drag racer
 John McCarthy (referee) (born 1962), former referee for the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)
 John Merritt (1926–1983), American football coach
 John R. Richards (1875–1947), American college football player, coach, educator and public administrator
 John Sears (racing driver) (1931-1999), American NASCAR driver
 Big John Studd (1948–1995), professional wrestler
 John Tate (boxer) (1955–1998), American boxer, WBA heavyweight champion (1979-1980)
 John Thompson (basketball) (1941–2020), American two-time NBA championship-winning player and NCAA championship-winning coach
 Jerry Tuite (1966–2003), American former pro wrestler

Musicians
 Big John Bates, Canadian guitarist and singer
 Big John Duncan (born 1958), former guitarist for The Exploited
 John Goodison (musician) behind Big John's Rock And Roll Circus
 Big John Greer (1923–1972), American blues saxophonist and vocalist
 John Patton (musician) (1935–2002), jazz musician
 "Big" John Thomas, member of the Welsh hard rock band Budgie
 John Wallace (musician), bassist and singer
 Big John Wrencher (1923–1977), American blues harmonica player and singer

Other
 John Buscema (1927-2002), American comic book artist
 John Castelle (born 1959), American mobster, a capo of the Lucchese crime family
 John Cornyn (born 1952), U.S. Senator from Texas
 John McMichael (1948-1987), Northern Ireland loyalist killed by the Provisional IRA
 Giovanni "Big John" Ormento, gangster involved in the French Connection
 Big John, bodyguard of rocker Bret Michaels who appeared on Rock of Love with Bret Michaels (season 1)

Other
 "Big John (Ain't You Gonna Marry Me)", a 1961 song by The Shirelles
 "Big John", a working title of the ABBA song "Move On"
 The title character in the country song "Big Bad John", by Jimmy Dean
 Big John Steak & Onion, a sub chain based in Michigan
 A nickname for the John Hancock Center in Chicago, Illinois
 A nickname of the US aircraft carrier
 "Big John" Cannon, protagonist of the American TV series The High Chaparral
 "Big John" Martin, a main character from the 1976 American TV series Big John, Little John
 Big John Butte, a mountain in Montana
 Big John (dinosaur), fossilized triceratops
 Big John Bay, Kupreanof Island, Alaska
 Big John Cree, which flows into Big John Bay
 Big John, English influencer- popularizer of the word 'bosh'

See also
 Jon Arthur, the host of the Saturday morning children's radio series Big Jon and Sparkie
 Little John (disambiguation)

Lists of people by nickname


text:
Miguel Ángel López Nicolás (* 3. července 1988 Murcia) je španělský atlet, který se věnuje sportovní chůzi. Mistr světa a mistr Evropy v chůzi na 20 km.

V roce 2010 startoval na mistrovství Evropy v Barceloně v závodě v chůzi na 20 kilometrů a umístil se na 13. místě. Na světovém šampionátu v Tegu o rok později došel do cíle této trati patnáctý. Pak už následovala v této disciplíně zlepšení – na olympiádě v Londýně skončil pátý, na mistrovství světa v Moskvě v roce 2013 vybojoval bronzovou medaili. Po diskvalifikaci Rusa Ivanova v roce 2019 se posunul na druhé místo a získal stříbrnou medaili.

Zatím největším úspěchem se stalo pro něj vítězství v závodě na 20 kilometrů chůze na mistrovství Evropy v Curychu v roce 2014 a titul mistra světa v této disciplíně na šampionátu v Pekingu v roce 2015.

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy

 Profil na stránkách tilastopaja.net

Narození v roce 1988
Narození 3. července
Španělští chodci
Mistři světa v chůzi na 20 km
Mistři Evropy v chůzi na 20 km
Žijící lidé
Muži


text:
Decock est un nom de famille flamand qui désigne un cusinier.

Il existe plusieurs variantes :
De Coc
De Cocq
De Cock
De Cocque
De Cok
De Coq
De Kock
De Kocq
De Kok
Decoc
Decocq
Decocque
Decok
Decook
Decoq
Decoque
Dekock
Dekocq
Dekok

Il est notamment porté par  :
 Gilbert Decock (1928-2007), artiste belge ;
 Pierre Decock (1959- ), auteur et dessinateur luxembourgeois ;
 Roger Decock (1927-2020), coureur cycliste belge ;
 Thomas Decock, (1986- ), joueur français de hockey sur glace.

Homonymie de patronyme
Patronyme flamand


text:
Ernst Strasser (ur. 29 kwietnia 1956 w Grieskirchen) – austriacki polityk, były minister, od 2009 do 2011 poseł do Parlamentu Europejskiego.

Życiorys
Ukończył studia prawnicze na Uniwersytecie w Salzburgu, w 1981 uzyskał stopień doktora nauk prawnych.

W latach 80. pracował w rolniczych związkach zawodowych, m.in. jako doradca prawny. Od 1987 był sekretarzem ministra rolnictwa i leśnictwa, a w okresie 1989–1990 zastępcą szefa gabinetu wicekanclerza. W latach 90. zajmował kierownicze stanowiska w różnych przedsiębiorstwach. Działa w Austriackiej Partii Ludowej, kierował jej strukturami w Dolnej Austrii.

Od 1983 do 1985 był radnym gminy Grieskirchen, w latach 1993–2000 zasiadał w landtagu Dolnej Austrii. Od 2000 do 2003 sprawował mandat posła do Rady Narodowej. Od 4 lutego 2000 do 12 listopada 2004 zajmował stanowisko ministra spraw wewnętrznych w rządach Wolfganga Schüssela.

W wyborach w 2009 z listy ÖVP uzyskał mandat deputowanego VII kadencji. Został członkiem prezydium grupy Europejskiej Partii Ludowej, wszedł w skład Komisji Petycji, Komisji Spraw Zagranicznych oraz Podkomisji Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony.

W 2011 dziennikarze gazety "The Sunday Times" dokonali prowokacji dziennikarskiej. Oferowali eurodeputowanym korzyści majątkowe do 100 tys. euro rocznie w zamian za forsowanie w Europarlamencie poprawek korzystnych dla ich fikcyjnego przedsiębiorstwa finansowego. Ernst Strasser znalazł się wśród tych, którzy wyrazili zgodę na taką współpracę. Po ujawnieniu tej sprawy (w tym nagrań) zrezygnował z mandatu poselskiego, zaprzeczając jednocześnie, by sprawa ta miała charakter korupcyjny. W 2013 został przez sąd I instancji skazany na karę 4 lat pozbawienia wolności.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Austriaccy ministrowie spraw wewnętrznych
Austriaccy posłowie do Parlamentu Europejskiego
Odznaczeni Orderem Świętego Grzegorza Wielkiego
Politycy Austriackiej Partii Ludowej
Posłowie Rady Narodowej Austrii
Urodzeni w 1956


text:
Zuher al-Tbaiti () is a Saudi Arabian who was arrested in Morocco in May 2002 as the suspected ringleader of the al-Qaeda plot to bomb American and British vessels transiting the Strait of Gibraltar. He was sentenced to ten years in prison along with two other Saudis, Abdullah al-Ghamdi and Hilal al-Assiri.

Al-Tbaiti served as a military commander in Afghanistan before joining the Bosnian mujahideen as an artillery expert during the Bosnian War in the 1990s. Along with al-Ghamdi and al-Assiri, he escaped Afghanistan in 2001 during the Battle of Tora Bora, and arrived in Morocco.

References

External links
Inside an al-Qaeda Bust
THE REACH OF WAR; U.S. Said to Overstate Value Of Guantánamo Detainees

Saudi Arabian al-Qaeda members
Living people
Prisoners and detainees of Morocco
Year of birth missing (living people)


text:
Fouhren (luks. Furen) – wieś we wschodnim Luksemburgu, w gminie Tandel. Wieś zamieszkuje 380 osób.

Przypisy

Wsie w dystrykcie Diekirch


text:
Rosbruck és un municipi francès, situat al departament del Mosel·la i a la regió del Gran Est. L'any 2007 tenia 776 habitants.

Demografia

Població
El 2007 la població de fet de Rosbruck era de 776 persones. Hi havia 302 famílies, de les quals 74 eren unipersonals (41 homes vivint sols i 33 dones vivint soles), 90 parelles sense fills, 110 parelles amb fills i 28 famílies monoparentals amb fills.

La població ha evolucionat segons el següent gràfic:

Habitants censats

Habitatges
El 2007 hi havia 314 habitatges, 309 eren l'habitatge principal de la família i 5 estaven desocupats. 240 eren cases i 74 eren apartaments. Dels 309 habitatges principals, 212 estaven ocupats pels seus propietaris, 83 estaven llogats i ocupats pels llogaters i 14 estaven cedits a títol gratuït; 1 tenia una cambra, 15 en tenien dues, 57 en tenien tres, 69 en tenien quatre i 167 en tenien cinc o més. 274 habitatges disposaven pel capbaix d'una plaça de pàrquing. A 122 habitatges hi havia un automòbil i a 150 n'hi havia dos o més.

Piràmide de població
La piràmide de població per edats i sexe el 2009 era:

Economia
El 2007 la població en edat de treballar era de 519 persones, 345 eren actives i 174 eren inactives. De les 345 persones actives 295 estaven ocupades (155 homes i 140 dones) i 49 estaven aturades (26 homes i 23 dones). De les 174 persones inactives 64 estaven jubilades, 39 estaven estudiant i 71 estaven classificades com a «altres inactius».

Ingressos
El 2009 a Rosbruck hi havia 307 unitats fiscals que integraven 734,5 persones, la mediana anual d'ingressos fiscals per persona era de 17.415 €.

Activitats econòmiques
Dels 34 establiments que hi havia el 2007, 1 era d'una empresa alimentària, 1 d'una empresa de fabricació de material elèctric, 6 d'empreses de construcció, 14 d'empreses de comerç i reparació d'automòbils, 3 d'empreses d'hostatgeria i restauració, 4 d'empreses immobiliàries, 4 d'empreses de serveis i 1 d'una empresa classificada com a «altres activitats de serveis».

Dels 11 establiments de servei als particulars que hi havia el 2009, 1 era un taller de reparació d'automòbils i de material agrícola, 2 tallers d'inspecció tècnica de vehicles, 1 establiment de lloguer de cotxes, 1 fusteria, 2 lampisteries, 3 restaurants i 1 saló de bellesa.

Dels 7 establiments comercials que hi havia el 2009, 4 eren fleques, 2 botigues d'equipament de la llar i 1 una joieria.

Equipaments sanitaris i escolars
El 2009 hi havia 1 escola maternal i 1 escola elemental.

Poblacions més properes
El següent diagrama mostra les poblacions més properes.

Referències

 Résumé statistique Fitxa resum de dades estadístiques de Rosbruck a l'INSEE.
 Évolution et structure de la population Fitxa amb el detall de dades de Rosbruck a l'INSEE
 France par commune Dades detallades de tots els municipis de França accessibles a partir del mapa.

Municipis del Mosel·la


text:
Edinburg es un pueblo ubicado en el condado de Penobscot en el estado estadounidense de Maine. En el Censo de 2010 tenía una población de 131 habitantes y una densidad poblacional de 1,44 personas por km².

Geografía
Edinburg se encuentra ubicado en las coordenadas . Según la Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos, Edinburg tiene una superficie total de 90.67 km², de la cual 90.67 km² corresponden a tierra firme y (0%) 0 km² es agua.

Demografía
Según el censo de 2010, había 131 personas residiendo en Edinburg. La densidad de población era de 1,44 hab./km². De los 131 habitantes, Edinburg estaba compuesto por el 99.24% blancos, el 0% eran afroamericanos, el 0.76% eran amerindios, el 0% eran asiáticos, el 0% eran isleños del Pacífico, el 0% eran de otras razas y el 0% pertenecían a dos o más razas. Del total de la población el 0% eran hispanos o latinos de cualquier raza.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Pueblos de Maine
Localidades del condado de Penobscot


text:
Tod Slaughter (19 de marzo de 1885 – 19 de febrero de 1956) fue un actor teatral y cinematográfico de nacionalidad británica, conocido sobre todo por encarnar a personajes maniacos en adaptaciones al cine de melodramas literarios de la época victoriana.

Inicios
Su verdadero nombre era Norman Carter Slaughter, y nació en Newcastle upon Tyne, Inglaterra. El mayor de doce hijos, se inició en el teatro en 1905 en West Hartlepool. En 1913 fue arrendatario de los teatros Hippodrome en Richmond (Londres) y Croydon. Tras una breve interrupción para servir en el Real Cuerpo Aéreo durante la Primera Guerra Mundial, Slaughter retomó su carrera teatral.

Éxito teatral
En ese periodo su nombre artístico fue N. Carter Slaughter, e interpretaba primeros papeles masculinos convencionales o papeles de carácter—rara vez a malvados. Tras la guerra, dirigió el Teatro Royal en Chatham (Kent), antes de hacer lo mismo a partir de 1924 con el Teatro Elephant and Castle en Londres, ocupación que mantuvo unos años que han pasado a la leyenda del teatro británico. La compañía de Slaughter revivió melodramas victorianos como Maria Marten, Sweeney Todd, Jack Sheppard y The Silver King, consiguiendo grandes éxitos de público. Slaughter también representó otros tipos de producciones, como la pantomima anual de Navidad, en la cual aparecían personajes destacados de la vida local en breves papeles. A pesar de las protestas locales, el Elephant and Castle fue cerrado en 1927.

En 1925 adoptó el nombre artístico de Tod Slaughter, pero sus principales personajes seguían siendo papeles de carácter y tipos heroicos. Interpretó al joven héroe en The Face at the Window, a Tom Robinson en "It's Never Too Late To Mend", y a Tim Winterbottom en Maria Marten. También encarnó a Sherlock Holmes y a D'Artagnan . Existe una grabación de cine mudo en la que puede verse a Slaughter actuando en el Elephant and Castle en el melodrama "The Flag Lieutenant".

Encontró su verdadera vocación cuando en 1931, en el Teatro Noël Coward de Londres, encarnó a John Silver el Largo en La isla del tesoro durante el día, y por la noche a William Hare en The Crimes Of Burke And Hare. Anunciado como 'Mr Murder' (Mr Asesinato), afirmaba que, durante las representaciones, cometió cada día 15 asesinatos. Poco después actuó en Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street, obra que representó en 2,000 ocasiones. El actor y el personaje se habían complementado de tal manera, que quedó marcada la posterior carrera artística de Slaughter.

Carrera en el cine
En 1934, a los 49 años de edad, empezó a actuar en el cine. Usualmente elegido para papeles de malvado, su primer film fue Maria Marten or Murder in the Red Barn (1935). Su siguiente papel fue el de Sweeney Todd en Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936), película dirigida y producida por George King, cuya asociación con Slaughter continuó en The Crimes of Stephen Hawke (1936), It's Never Too Late To Mend (1937), The Ticket of Leave Man (1938), The Face at the Window (1939) y Crimes at the Dark House (1940).

Hizo, sin embargo, algunos papeles no-melodramáticos en su carrera. Así, fue actor de reparto en The Song of the Road (1937) y Darby and Joan (1937). En Sexton Blake and the Hooded Terror (1938) interpretó al cabecilla de una banda internacional de supervillanos.

Slaughter siguió trabajando en el teatro durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, interpretando Jack el Destripador, Landru y Dr. Jekyll y Mr. Hyde. También hizo sketches en un solo acto como The Touch of a Child.

Tras la guerra Slaughter retomó los papeles melodramáticos y protagonizó The Curse of the Wraydons (1946), film en el cual Bruce Seton interpretaba a Spring Heeled Jack, y The Greed of William Hart (1948), basado en el caso de los asesinatos de Burke y Hare. Estas cintas fueron producidas por Ambassador Films en Bushey.

Últimos años
En los primeros años 1950, Slaughter fue el malvado en dos películas de crímenes, King of the Underworld (1952) y Murder at Scotland Yard (1953), y también actuó de modo regular en giras de provincias y por los suburbios de Londres. Sin embargo, el apetito del público por este tipo de teatro parecía haber disminuido, por lo que fue a la quiebra en 1953 a causa del descenso de los ingresos en taquilla. A pesar de ello continuó actuando en otro tipo de obras de teatro, como la de Molière The Gay Invalid, en la que actuaba Peter Cushing, además de ser Maestro de Ceremonias en un espectáculo dedicado al music hall.

En 1956, tras una representación de Maria Marten en Derby, Inglaterra, Slaughter falleció a causa de una trombosis coronaria. Le sobrevivió su esposa, la actriz Jenny Lynn.

Filmografía
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Bibliografía
 Richards, Jeffrey (ed.) The Unknown 1930s: An Alternative History of the British Cinema, 1929-1939. I.B. Tauris, 1998.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

  Tod Slaughter

Actores de teatro de Inglaterra
Actores de cine de Inglaterra
Fallecidos por infarto agudo de miocardio
Nacidos en Newcastle upon Tyne


text:
Гуапирама () — муниципалитет в Бразилии, входит в штат Парана. Составная часть мезорегиона Север Пиунейру-Паранаэнси. Входит в экономико-статистический микрорегион Венсеслау-Брас. Население составляет 4262 человека на 2006 год. Занимает площадь 189,099 км². Плотность населения — 22,5 чел./км².

История
Город основан в 1964 году.

Статистика
 Валовой внутренний продукт на 2003 составляет 50.558.328,00 реалов (данные: Бразильский институт географии и статистики).
 Валовой внутренний продукт на душу населения на 2003 составляет 12.115,58 реалов (данные: Бразильский институт географии и статистики).
 Индекс развития человеческого потенциала на 2000 составляет 0,747 (данные: Программа развития ООН).

География
Климат местности: субтропический. В соответствии с классификацией Кёппена, климат относится к категории Cfa.

Муниципалитеты штата Парана


text:
Róisín Shortall (born 25 April 1954) is an Irish Social Democrats politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin North-West constituency since 1992. She previously was joint leader of the Social Democrats from 2015 to 2023 and served as Minister of State for Primary Care from 2011 to 2012.

A member of the Labour Party until 2012, she sat as an Independent from 2012 to 2015, until she co-founded the Social Democrats in July 2015.

In August 2022, she became the longest serving female TD in the history of the State, overtaking Mary Harney.

In February 2023, she announced that she would stand down as co-leader of the Social Democrats.

Early life
Shortall was born and raised in Drumcondra, Dublin. Her father was a Fianna Fáil Dublin City Councillor who had fought in the Irish Civil War. She was educated at Dominican College, Eccles Street; University College Dublin, and Marino Institute of Education, Marino. She has a B.A. in Economics and Politics. She worked as a teacher for the deaf before seeking public office.

Political career
In 1988, she joined the Labour Party and first held public office in 1991, when she was elected to Dublin City Council for the Drumcondra local electoral area.

Shortall was first elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1992 general election, when the Labour Party won a record 33 seats as part of the "Spring Tide", a surge credited to the popularity of Labour leader Dick Spring. She retained her seat at each of the following four general elections. She is a former party Spokesperson for Social and Family Affairs.

In 1999, she opposed the merger of the Democratic Left into the Labour Party. In 2002, she was openly critical of Labour Party leader Ruairi Quinn following a poor showing by Labour in the 2002 general election. Following Quinn's resignation from the leadership months later, she contested the open leadership position, but lost out to former Democratic Left member Eamonn Gilmore.

On 10 March 2011, she was appointed as Minister of State for Primary Care.

Fianna Fáil and Sinn Féin tabled a motion of no confidence in Minister for Health James Reilly on 3 September 2012, after yet more cuts in the health service. Shortall addressed the Dáil during this motion and did not indicate her support for him or mention his name once, though she did vote against the motion. She resigned as Minister of State for Primary Care on 26 September 2012, and also resigned the Parliamentary Labour Party whip.

Social Democrats
On 15 July 2015, Shortall launched the Social Democrats party along with fellow Independent TDs Stephen Donnelly and Catherine Murphy. She was elected for that party at the 2016 general election and 2020 general election.

In February 2022 Shortall, who is the Social Democrats' spokesperson for Health, introduced a bill in the Dáil to stop the practice of the HSE sending debt collectors to cancer patients in search of payment. The Bill also seeks an end to an inpatient charge of €80 per visit for chemo and radiotherapy, and also seeks to end extortionate parking fees. The government choose not to oppose the bill. Shortall opined that it was "frankly disgusting" that cancer patients were being pursued by debt collectors during one of the most difficult points in their lives. Each of the other opposition parties all praised the content of the bill and similarly expressed their dismay at the idea of debt collectors being used on cancer patients.

On 22 February 2023, Shortall and Murphy announced that they would step down as co-leaders of the Social Democrats.  They were succeeded by Holly Cairns on 1 March.

References

External links

1954 births
Living people
Alumni of University College Dublin
Alumni of Marino Institute of Education
Educators of the deaf
Independent TDs
Irish schoolteachers
Labour Party (Ireland) TDs
Local councillors in Dublin (city)
Members of the 27th Dáil
Members of the 28th Dáil
Members of the 29th Dáil
Members of the 30th Dáil
Members of the 31st Dáil
Members of the 32nd Dáil
Members of the 33rd Dáil
20th-century women Teachtaí Dála
21st-century women Teachtaí Dála
Ministers of State of the 31st Dáil
Social Democrats (Ireland) TDs
Women ministers of state of the Republic of Ireland
People from Drumcondra, Dublin


text:
16 Volt (от  — «вольт») — индастриал рок-группа, созданная Эриком Пауэллом и Майком Пиплсом. На живых выступлениях также присутствуют другие участники. 12 песен группы были использованы, как саундтреки к игре Primal, первой игре для PlayStation 2

История
Пауэл заинтересовался музыкой ещё в раннем возрасте и сформировал 16 Volt в 1988 году.
В 1993 году группа выпустила дебютный альбом Wisdom, над которым 16 Volt работали совместно с Skinny Puppy. Спустя год был выпущен ещё один альбом 16 Volt Skin. Затем третий альбом SuperCoolNothing, в 1998.

Музыка

Primal (игра для Playstation 2)
В 2003 году 16 Volt появились в игре Primal для Playstation 2, где они были изображены играющими живое выступление в клубе. Группа сделала значительный в клад в музыкальное сопровождение к игре такими песнями как «Happy Pill», «Suffering You», «And I Go», «Keep Sleeping», «At The End» и «Alkali». Эти усилия увеличили интерес к группе в Америке и других странах, где раньше их работа никому не была известна.

Другие саундтреки
 Кэрри 2: Ярость «Keep sleeping»
 Рипо! Генетическая опера (фильм, 2008)
 Кудесник крови (фильм, 1970)

Возвращение
В 2007 году вышел пятый альбом 16 Volt, в который вошёл ремейк песни «Suffering you». Позже вышли ещё два альбома между 2009 и 2011 годами.

Дискография

Альбомы
 Wisdom (1993)
 Skin (1994)
 LetDownCrush (1996)
 SuperCoolNothing (1998)
 Demography (2000)
 SuperCoolNothing V2.0 (2002)
 The Best of Sixteen Volt (2005)
 FullBlackHabit (2007)
 American Porn Songs (2009)
 American Porn Songs: Remixed (2010)
 Beating Dead Horses (2011)
 The Negative Space (2016)
 Dead On Arrivals (2017)

Синглы
 The Dreams That Rot In Your Heart (1996)
 The Remix Wars: Strike 3 — 16 Volt vs. Hate Dept (21st Circuitry — 1996)

Компиляция выступлений
 «Shut Up Kitty» (1993)
 «The Dreams That Rot In Your Heart» (1996)
 «The Remix Wars: Strike 3 — 16 Volt vs. Hate Dept.» (1996)
 Don't Blow Your Cover: A Tribute to KMFDM (2000)
 A Gothic-Industrial Tribute to The Smashing Pumpkins (2001)
 Various Artists — Hordes of the Elite (Glitch Mode Recordings — 2006)
 «TPCM2: Judgement Day Remixing The Massacre» (2008)
 «Electronic Saviors: Industrial Music To Cure Cancer» — 2010

Сайд-проекты
У 16 Volt есть три сайд-проекта, из которых лишь один достиг коммерческого релиза.

H3llb3nt
Первый сайд-проект группы, H3llb3nt, был союзом Пауэла, Джареда Лоша, Брайана Блэка и Чарльза Леви. Группа выпустила три альбома.

Ringer
Ringer была рок-группой, членами которой были Пауэл (вокалист), Крейг Тайлер (Crazy Town, Карлтон Бост (гитарист, Deadsy), Пэйдж Хэйли (бас-гитарист, Orgy) и Микки Кокс (барабанщик, Coal Chamber). Перед распадом группа выступила на нескольких концертах.

Graphic
Третий сайд-проект группы 16 Volt, Graphic, был союзом Пауэла и Билдеокса. Дуэт выпустил одну песню «The Things You Do».

Ссылки
  «Interview with 16Volt»
  «Interview with Mike Peoples of 16Volt»
 "16 Volt — Repossessing Your Minds
  http://www.metropolis-records.com/artist/16volt

 Официальный сайт
 Myspace

Индастриал-группы США
Индастриал-рок-группы
Музыкальные коллективы из Портленда (Орегон)
Музыкальные коллективы из Лос-Анджелеса
Музыкальные коллективы, появившиеся в 1991 году
Композиторы музыки для компьютерных игр
Исполнители Metropolis Records


text:
Сін Чун Соп (; 15 червня 1963) — південнокорейський боксер, олімпійський чемпіон 1984 року.

Аматорська кар'єра
1983 року завоював золоту медаль на Кубку світу, здобувши три перемоги.

Олімпійські ігри 1984
 1/16 фіналу. Переміг Патріка Ліханда (Уганда) — 5-0
 1/8 фіналу. Переміг Ріка Даффа (Канада) — 4-1
 1/4 фіналу. Переміг Джеррі Окородуду (Нігерія) — 4-1
 1/2 фіналу. Переміг Арістідеса Гонсалеса (Пуерто-Рико) — 4-1
 Фінал. Переміг Вірджила Гілла (США) — 3-2

1986 року став чемпіоном Азійських ігор, здобувши дві перемоги.

Посилання

Південнокорейські боксери
Південнокорейські олімпійські чемпіони
Боксери на літніх Олімпійських іграх 1984
Чемпіони літніх Олімпійських ігор 1984
Боксери середньої ваги
Чемпіони Азійських ігор з боксу


text:
Paragoge (; from  additional: παρα- prefix para- 'extra', ἀγωγή agogē 'bringing in') is the addition of a sound to the end of a word. Often caused by nativization, it is a type of epenthesis, most commonly vocalic epenthesis.

Paragoge is particularly common in Brazilian Portuguese, not only in loanwords but also in word derivation. It is also present in the accents of many Brazilians while speaking foreign languages such as English.

Some languages have undergone paragoge as a sound change, and modern forms are longer than the historical forms they are derived from. Italian sono 'I am', from Latin sum, is an example. Sometimes, as above, the paragogic vowel is an echo vowel, such as Proto-Oceanic *saqat "bad" > Uneapa zaɣata.

In loanwords
Some languages add a sound to the end of a loanword when it would otherwise end in a forbidden sound. Some languages add a grammatical ending to the end of a loanword to make it declinable.

Examples
English rack → Finnish ;
English gal → Japanese  (gyaru);
English golf → Portuguese

Grammatical endings
English computer → Latvian ;
Ottoman Turkish  (rakı) > South Slavic rakia.

In inherited words
Paragoge can occur in the inherited words of a language as well. This is the case with many words in Romance languages.

Examples
Latin  → Italian
Latin fine → Catalan fins
Proto-Oceanic *saqat "bad" > *saqati > Tamambo sati

References

Sources
Crowley, Terry (1997): An Introduction to Historical Linguistics. 3rd edition. Oxford University Press.
Sorbet, Piotr (2019): "El mecanismo de paragoge". In: LÓPEZ GONZÁLEZ, Antonio María, KOBYŁECKA-PIWOŃSKA, Ewa, KŁOSIŃSKA-NACHIN, Agnieszka, BARAN, Marek (eds.): Voces dialogantes, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 375-384.

Phonology


text:
Jalal Talabani () a fost un om politic irakian de etnie kurdă, care a îndeplinit funcțiile de prim-ministru (1–30 noiembrie 2003) și președinte al Irakului (7 aprilie 2005 – 24 iulie 2014).

Nașteri în 1933
Decese în 2017
Președinți ai Irakului
Politicieni irakieni
Politicieni kurzi


text:
Michael Neville may refer to:
Mike Neville (ice hockey), Canadian professional ice hockey player
Mike Neville (newsreader) (1936–2017), British television presenter

See also
Mick Neville (disambiguation)


text:
Courtland Army Airfield is a former United States Army facility located two nautical miles (4 km) northeast of the central business district of Courtland, a town in Lawrence County, Alabama, United States.

History
 see Courtland Airport for the civil use of the facility
Following the onset of World War II, the United States faced a challenging goal to train upwards of 75,000 to 100,000 pilots per year.  It was recognized that to achieve this goal, many new training fields would have to be constructed - hundreds across the country.  Due to the climate allowing year-round flight instruction, as well as the low airways congestion, North Alabama was considered to be a good location for one of the new Army Air Force training fields.  Following a review by a site selection board, Courtland was chosen to receive this facility.  It was considered the best overall site of three evaluated within the North Alabama region.

Selection took place and the land acquired in April 1942.  Construction was rapid given the emergency wartime conditions and within three months the post was to be in full operation. The airfield consisted of four concrete runways 5000×150(N/S), 5000×150(NE/SW), 5000×150(E/W), 5000×150(NW/SE). Also many taxiways, landing aids, and an extended length parking apron. Auxiliary airfields to support the training activities at the base were:
 Danville Auxiliary Field      (Auxiliary #1)
 Trinity Auxiliary Field       (Auxiliary #2)
 Bay Auxiliary Field           (Auxiliary #3)
 Leighton Auxiliary Field      (Auxiliary #4)
 Muscle Shoals Auxiliary Field (Auxiliary #5)

In addition to the airfield, the building of a large support base with several hundred buildings, numerous streets, a utility network, was carried out with barracks, various administrative buildings, maintenance shops and hangars. The station facility consisted of a large number of buildings based on standardized plans and architectural drawings, with the buildings designed to be the "cheapest, temporary character with structural stability only sufficient to meet the needs of the service which the structure is intended to fulfill during the period of its contemplated war use" was underway. To conserve critical materials, most facilities were constructed of wood, concrete, brick, gypsum board and concrete asbestos. Metal was sparsely used. The station was designed to be nearly self-sufficient, with not only hangars, but barracks, warehouses, hospitals, dental clinics, dining halls, and maintenance shops were needed. There were libraries, social clubs for officers, and enlisted men, and stores to buy living necessities. The buildings, together with complete water, sewer, electric and gas utilities built within a short span of approximately 8 months, with the air field officially being activated in December 1942 as Courtland Army Air Field (CAAF).  Courtland was assigned to the Southeast Training Center of the Army Air Force Training Command. It was commanded by the 446th Army Air Force Base Unit.

Courtland AAF was the home of a Basic Flying School which utilized Vultee BT-13s for the Air Cadets. Personnel were required to fire pistols or carbines for marksmanship training and practice gas attack drills. The chemical agents used during training were tear gas, mustard agent, chlorine gas, incendiary and smoke munitions.

The Basic Flight School was replaced by a Specialized 4-Engine Flight School in August 1944. Establishment of this school involved the transfer of B-24 "Liberator" bombers and personnel from Chanute Field, Illinois.  During this time, in addition to the 4-Engine Flight School, a transition squadron was also emplaced at Courtland. The role of the transition squadron largely involved the retraining and/or reclassification of returning crews from Europe (crews who had fulfilled their required missions).  Many personnel went on to B-29 schools at other locations as they were reclassified.

As training needs decreased toward the end of the war, training air fields were deactivated across the country.  Courtland AAF was one of these, it being deactivated in June 1945.  At the end of the war the airfield was determined to be excess by the War Department in 1946 and was excessed. The site was returned to the State of Alabama by Quitclaim deed in 1948 and now operates as Courtland Airport.

With regard to the original structures, most everything but the runways, and several concrete slabs with 3 or 4 wide concrete steps are gone now.  A steel-framed aircraft hangar that was once used at Courtland still exists and is still in use, but is no longer located at the Courtland site. This structure was disassembled and moved to the Birmingham Municipal Airport (now Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport) during the early 1950s.

See also

 Alabama World War II Army Airfields
 27th Flying Training Wing (World War II)
 List of airports in Alabama

References

1942 establishments in Alabama
Airports established in 1942
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Alabama
Transportation buildings and structures in Lawrence County, Alabama
Closed installations of the United States Army
1946 disestablishments in Alabama


text:
Taeko Kawasumi (, 30 d'octubre de 1972) és una exfutbolista japonesa.

Selecció del Japó
Va debutar amb la selecció del Japó el 1988. Va disputar 2 partits amb la selecció del Japó.

Estadístiques

Referències

Futbolistes femenines internacionals amb el Japó


text:
Monwane is a village in Kweneng District of Botswana. It is located 40 km West-northwest of Molepolole, and it has a primary school. The population was 375 in 2001 census.

References

Kweneng District
Villages in Botswana


text:
Epicadus dimidiaster est une espèce d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Thomisidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce se rencontre au Brésil, en Colombie et au Pérou.

Description
La femelle holotype mesure  et le mâle paratype .

Publication originale
 Machado, Teixeira & Lise, 2018 : « There and back again: More on the taxonomy of the crab spiders genus Epicadus (Thomisidae: Stephanopinae). » Zootaxa, , .

Liens externes

Notes et références

Thomisidae
Espèce d'araignées (nom scientifique)


text:
Edvard Laurits Ehlers, född 26 mars 1863 i Köpenhamn, död 7 maj 1937, var en dansk läkare.

Ehlers var son till Edvard Diderik Ehlers.

Ehlers blev student 1880, candidatus medicinæ 1887, var förste underläkare vid Kommunehospitalets avdelning för hud- och könssjukdomar 1890–1893, disputerade för doktorsgraden 1891 och blev titulär professor 1902. Han var ledare för Frederiks Hospitals och senare för Rigshospitalets dermatologiska klinik 1906–1911 och överläkare vid Kommunehospitalets avdelning IV 1911.

Ehlers inlade sig betydande förtjänst i hemlandet genom sina omfattande studier av prostitutionsfrågan, internationell berömmelse nådde han genom sina studier av leprans former och geografiska utbredning. Han undersökte – ofta på regeringsuppdrag – sjukdomen i Norge, på Island, på Balkanhalvön, i Spanien, på Kreta, i Bosnien och i Frankrike och fann nya härdar för sjukdomen, liksom han konstaterade, att sjukdomen kunde utrotas genom att isolera patienterna i spetälskeasyler. Med understöd av Odd Fellows danska avdelning inrättade han dylika på Island 1898 och på Saint Croix 1904. Som ett led i kampen mot sjukdomen, instiftade han spetälskekonferenserna, av vilka den första avhölls i Berlin 1897, och den internationella tidskriften "Lepra", vars huvudredaktör han var från 1900. Han ledde den dansk-franska spetälskeexpeditionen till Danska Västindien 1909.

Under senare år intresserade Ehlers sig för syfilitiska barn och han var en av de ledande vid stiftandet av Welanderhjemmet i Köpenhamn. Han stiftade den danska hjälpambulanskommittén under krigen 1914–1922. Han uträttade även ett stort arbete för att sprida kunskap om Frankrike i Danmark. Hans litterära verksamhet är främst knuten till prostitutionsfrågan och till lepran. Han studerade även de danska Sankt Jørgensgårdarna (spetälskehospital) på medeltiden ("Bibliotek for Læger", 1898). Han invaldes i en mängd utländska lärda sällskap och tilldelades Prince of Wales Prize, Prix Hugo och Prix Monbinne. Han blev hedersdoktor i Paris 1921 och i Strasbourg 1923.

Källor

Noter

Danska läkare
Dermatologer
Danska innehavare av professors namn
Födda 1863
Avlidna 1937
Män
Svensk uppslagsbok


text:
Zielona Chocina – dawna gromada, czyli najmniejsza jednostka podziału terytorialnego Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej w latach 1954–1972.

Gromady, z gromadzkimi radami narodowymi (GRN) jako organami władzy najniższego stopnia na wsi, funkcjonowały od reformy reorganizującej administrację wiejską przeprowadzonej jesienią 1954 do momentu ich zniesienia z dniem 1 stycznia 1973, tym samym wypierając organizację gminną w latach 1954–1972.

Gromadę Zielona Chocina z siedzibą GRN w Zielonej Chocinie utworzono – jako jedną z 8759 gromad na obszarze Polski – w powiecie chojnickim w woj. bydgoskim, na mocy uchwały nr 24/5 WRN w Bydgoszczy z dnia 5 października 1954. W skład jednostki weszły obszary dotychczasowych gromad Kiełpin i Zielona Chocina wraz z miejscowościami Rowista, Kampina, Popielewo i Jonki z dotychczasowej gromady Żychce ze zniesionej gminy Konarzyny, a także miejscowość Niepszczołąg z dotychczasowej gromady Konarzyny oraz miejscowość Parszczenica z dotychczasowej gromady Mielno ze zniesionej gminy Lipnice, w tymże powiecie. Dla gromady ustalono 15 członków gromadzkiej rady narodowej.

Gromadę zniesiono 31 grudnia 1961, a jej obszar włączono do gromady Konarzyny w tymże powiecie.

Przypisy

Zielona Chocina