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A Ordem de São Bento de Avis (inicialmente chamada de Milícia de Évora ou Freires de Évora) foi uma Ordem militar católica de cavaleiros portugueses que foi criada em Portugal, no século XII, para defender a cidade de Évora dos Mouros.

Os Cavaleiros desta Ordem, em 1744, tinham quarenta e oito rendosas comendas e veneravam uma Cruz verde com quatro flores-de-lis.

Em 1789 a Ordem de Avis foi secularizada, tornando-se uma ordem honorífica até sua extinção em 1910. Hoje designando-se simplesmente Ordem Militar de Avis foi refundada em 1917, como sucederia à Ordem Militar de Cristo no ano seguinte, e é presidida pelo seu Grão-Mestre, o Presidente da República Portuguesa.

História

Nascimento das Ordens Religiosas Militares.

Embora seja estranho falar hoje de Ordens, Religiosas Militares, elas nasceram num tempo e num contexto especifico. Em plena Idade Média, num sistema feudal, com guerras incessantes entre cristãos, com grande parte da Europa ocupada pelos "infiéis", e sobretudo em plena Cruzada (ou guerra "Santa"). São Bernardo num texto dirigido aos cavaleiros do Templo (entre 1120 e 1136) tenta explicar esse dilema com esses argumentos: "eles não devem temer ofender Deus matando um inimigo, e não correm perigo se eles próprios se matarem, pois é por Jesus Cristo que eles dão ou recebem a morte, e que, não só não ofendem a Deus, mas também, adquirem uma grande glória". É em Jerusalém em 1118, que Hugo de Payens e Godofredo de Saint-Omer com mais 7 cavaleiros criaram a primeira Ordem Religiosa Militar, dos Pobres Cavaleiros de Cristo (Templários), para primeiro proteger os peregrinos entre o porto de Jaffa e a vila Santa, depois para proteger e reconquistar todas as Terras Cristãs aos infiéis. Em 1129, no concílio de Troyes (França), o Papa Honório II, reconhece essa Ordem, a coloca-a  na sua direta dependência (com os privilégios associados) e dá-lhe como estatuto, a Regra de Cister (Mosteiro da Borgonha) de São Bernardo. Em 1128 a Ordem do Templo já está presente em Portugal, e no tempo de D. Afonso Henriques, ela torne-se o ferro de lança das nossa tropas, a primeira linha da nossa defesa.

As Ordens ibéricas
A Ordem do Templo, sendo a mais antiga serviu de exemplo as outras Ordens, como as Ordens Ibéricas, a mais antiga delas, é a Ordem de Calatrava fundada em 1158 por  Raimundo de Seurrat, abade cisterciense de Fitero, para defender a fortaleza há pouco conquistada de Kalaat Rawah (Calatrava). Essa nova Ordem foi reconhecida por uma bula de Alexandre III, em 25 de Setembro de 1164, adotando ela também a regra cisterciense. A seguir em 1175, é confirmada a Ordem de Santiago seguindo a regra augustiniana e enfim em 1177 a Ordem cisterciense dos Cavaleiros de Alcântara sempre confirmada pelo mesmo Papa. Essas principais Ordens "espanholas" (referência geográfica, pois não tinha surgido ainda o conceito político de "Espanha") tiveram no início pouca presença no nosso território (Afonso Henriques doou bens a Ordem de Santiago em 1172, mas só marcaram presença em Portugal durante 5 anos no tempo de D. Sancho I, para voltar em definitivo no tempo de Afonso II).

O polémico nascimento da Milícia de Évora

Como indica a página oficial da Ordem Militar de Avis, as origens desta primeira Ordem portuguesa estão envoltas em várias lendas, e a falta de documentos dificulta bastante a leitura clara dos acontecimentos, mas simplificando um pouco, podemos distinguir duas teorias (uma terceira teoria é defendida por poucos autores, mesmo assim pessoas de grande relevo, como Alexandre Herculano e o Cardeal Saraiva, que é, a chegada em Évora em 1166 de cavaleiros da Ordem de Calatrava que formaram uma Milícia, mas a nomeação dum Grão-Mestre português e o facto do Rei nunca se referir a Ordem de Calatrava, mas sim a Milícia de Évora, desacredita essa hipótese), uma defendida pelos autores desde do séc XVI, e outra defendida pelos autores modernos.

Primeira teoria:

A ordem nasceu a volta dum grupo de cavaleiros, depois da batalha de Ourique em 1139,  "pela fé de Cristo, defesa do reino e amor da pátria". Esse grupo ganhando em número, e sendo tão útil a obra de reconquista, Afonso Henriques, deu-lhes um estatuto em 1162, na cidade de Coimbra, e transformou esses confrades, em frades regulares da Ordem de São Bento, aplicando as regras da reforma de Cister. Esses estatutos, cujo documento original nunca apareceu só temos uma transcrição de 1602 publicada pelo frei Bernardo de Brito, foram assinados por "Petrus proles Regis par francorum Magister novae militiae" ou seja Pedro Afonso filho do Rei, e Par de França, é nomeado primeiro Grão-Mestre desta nova Milícia, e  "Gundisalus Vanegas, (Gonçalo Viegas), miles  novae Militia" é simples soldado dessa nova milícia. Assim sendo, a Ordem de Avis, como Ordem de São Bento terá nascido por vontade real.

Segunda teoria:

O primeiro a contestar essa primeira versão, foi o Cardeal Saraiva numa obra póstuma publicada em 1884, segundo ele, esse documento de 1162, com os estatutos da Ordem, publicada pelo frei Bernardo de Brito, é falso. Porque entre outros factos, é um simples legado do Papa, um  Abade de São João de Tarouca (João Cirita), que oficializa essa Ordem em nome da Igreja, e não o próprio Papa, através duma Bula, porque Pedro Afonso é meio-irmão do rei, e não filho de rei, e porque ele não pode ser Par de França, e porque dos 7 cavaleiros (ver Ordem do Templo) que assinaram esse documento, 4 foram Grão-Mestre da Ordem de Avis, e Fernando Rodrigues Monteiro (que foi Grão-Mestre de 1227 a 1237) assim como João Portariva, por ventura nessa data nem estavam nascidos.  Assim sendo a Ordem não nasceu em 1139, mas mais tarde. Ruy Pinto de Azevedo constatou que em 1172-1173, essa milícia ainda não existia por não ser contemplada na distribuição das terras conquistadas nos anos anteriores. De facto, o primeiro documento, em que aparece o nome da  milícia de Évora, é uma doação régia de Abril de 1176, em que aparece o nome de Gonçalo Viegas como Mestre da Ordem (o Livro Velho de Linhagens, documento de referência, também o dá como o primeiro Grão-Mestre da Ordem de Avis), ora em Março de 1175 ele era mordomo da infanta D. Teresa Portugal futura Condessa de Flandres. Por isso nessa teoria, a Ordem de Avis terá nascido entre o fim de 1175 e princípio de 1176, como milícia em Évora, para proteger dos Mouros essa cidade conquistada em 1166, por Geraldo sem Pavor, que a deixou nas mãos do Rei. A Ordem do Templo tendo recusado ao Rei defender Évora, em território muçulmano e longe da sua linha de defesa ao longo do Tejo. Essa função é então desempenhada pela Milícia de Évora que em Abril de 1176 recebeu a primeira doação de D. Afonso Henriques a fim de "a povoarem, desenvolverem e organizarem". A notar que nessa versão, não é claro que essa Ordem terá nascido por vontade real, embora Ruy Pinto de Azevedo, e outros, o pensa , a doação régia, aliás bem modesta, não o comprova, nem mesmo a nomeação do seu primeiro Grão-Mestre, ainda há margem para dúvida.

Como vemos tudo gira a volta da veracidade ou não, desse documento de 1162. Sendo falso, a Ordem foi criada em 1175-76, e o primeiro Grão-Mestre é Gonçalo Viegas, o nascimento é tardio e o  Grão-Mestre desconhecido. Sendo verdadeiro, a Ordem nasce no glorioso campo de batalha de Ourique,  é a mais antiga da península Ibérica, e o seu primeiro Grão-Mestre é o próprio irmão do Rei, tudo bem mais prestigioso. Por isso, há uma quase unanimidade hoje em dia, para dizer que esse documento milagroso é falso, até alguns como Mons. Miguel Oliveira falando dessa primeira teoria chama-lhe de, fantasia.

No entanto, isso não impede em definitivo, que uma confraria anterior existisse, alguns autores como Luís Filipe Oliveira o pensa, e isso obviamente não pode ser negado, o problema é a falta total de documentos comprovando essa tese.  Mesmo assim é bom referir que o pai de Gonçalo Viegas, Egas Fafes de Lanhoso, participou na batalha de Ourique e em seguida foi para Jerusalém, não em peregrinação mas em cruzada, recebeu em recompensa o brasão do Rei Balduino de Jerusalém e o seu Paço da Quinta do Lameiro em Ponte (Vila Verde) que foi honrado por D. Afonso I (não sabemos em recompensa de que obra),  foi a sede da mais antiga Comenda da Ordem de Avis, a Comenda de Oriz fundada em antes de 1187, o que inviabiliza a teoria de Alexandre Herculano e do Cardeal Saraiva, é pouco provável que um nobre patriota português disponibilizasse o seu paço a uma milícia espanhola. Tal como Gualdim Pais, Mestre dos Templários em Portugal, armado cavaleiro em Ourique,  foi para Terra Santa em cruzada, (participou na conquista de Ascalão na Palestina),  antes de ter um papel crucial na reconquista. Assim vemos, que de facto, de maneira estruturada ou não, alguns cavaleiros da batalha de Ourique lutaram em nome do lema: "Pela fé de Cristo, defesa do reino e amor da pátria".

Relação entre a Milícia de Évora e a Ordem de Calatrava

Curiosamente, todas as doações régias a Milícia, falam em Mestre e Freires de Évora, pela primeira doação de 1176 sabemos que a nova milícia era beneditina. Ao contrario, os documentos do Papa que confirmam essas mesmas doações nunca se referem a um Mestre ou uma Ordem portuguesa mas sim aos bens da Ordem de Calatrava em Portugal. A única exceção é uma bula de 1201 de Inocêncio III, dirigida "ao Mestre e Freires da Milícia eborense que professam a Ordem de Calatrava" . Essa é que será mesmo a realidade, ou seja a Milícia de Évora foi obrigada pelo Papa em antes de 1187 a integrar a Ordem de Calatrava e aplicar as suas regras, talvez para não multiplicar as Ordens na Península Ibérica, mas também para usufruir das vantagens de pertencer a uma ordem de Cister.

Só depois da doação de Avis, em 1211, pelo rei D. Afonso II, é que a dependência da Ordem de Calatrava aparece nos documentos portugueses, mesmo assim de forma lenta, prudente e progressiva: "Militie Elborensis, Ordinis Calatrava", até 1215, data da instalação em Avis, em que a Ordem passa a ser "Ordinis de Avis" e, enfim, em 1233, "Ordinis Calatravensis in Portugalia".

As Regras de Cister e a implicações na relação com Calatrava.

Essas regras de Cister eram rigorosas, e contemplava toda a vida do freire cavaleiro, tanto no aspeto militar que religioso, a ética, a hierarquia, a organização interna, o vestuário, (os monges de Cister eram também conhecidos como monges brancos, daí advém a origem do hábito das ordens de Calatrava e Avis – branco, com uma cruz flordelisada vermelha, no caso de Calatrava, e verde, na de Avis), o armamento, a dieta… A disciplina era extrema, o empenho total, um cavaleiro em combate não podia fugir nem se render, preso pelo inimigo nunca havia resgate.

Ela obrigava os freires a castidade, pobreza, e obediência.

Essas regras davam sobretudo completa autonomia económica a Ordem portuguesa, e total liberdade na gestão do seu património. Mesmo assim, a Ordem de Calatrava devia verificar a boa aplicação das regras por parte da Ordem de Avis, por isso mandava em inspeção um cavaleiro e um monge cisterciense. Enfim a eleição dos Grão-Mestres de Avis deviam ser confirmadas pelo Grão-Mestre de Calatrava, ou por um seu representante.

Essa dependência acaba, com a aclamação como Rei de D. João I, Grão-Mestre da Ordem de Avis.

As Comendas e seus rendimentos

A integração na coroa portuguesa

A ascensão de D. João,  ao trono de Portugal, ditou, por um lado, a integração do mestrado dessa ordem na Coroa de Portugal (sendo nomeados ou membros da família real, ou nobres da inteira confiança do monarca, como foi o caso do primeiro grão-mestre após D. João, Fernando Rodrigues de Sequeira, e por outro, um maior afastamento face à Ordem de Calatrava. Em 1387 os freires de Avis não aceitaram a visita que devia confirmar D. Fernando, porque D.João I de Castela reconhecia, como Papa, o Papa cismático de Avinhão. O concílio de Basileia-Ferrara-Florença (1436) dá novamente o direito de visita a Ordem de Calatrava, mas esse lhe será definitivamente negado.

Por outro lado, a subida ao trono de um mestre de Avis levou a que lhe fosse concedida dispensa canónica para celebrar casamento, já que, ao abrigo da regra beneditina que a Ordem de Avis seguia, os membros da dita ordem professavam voto de castidade.

Com a subida ao trono de João I de Portugal reacende-se a chama da guerra de cruzada, há muito perdida em Portugal; as conquistas no Magrebe conduzem as ordens religiosas a novas paragens. Assim, os cavaleiros de Avis (bem como os de Cristo, a outra ordem nacional portuguesa) estarão presentes na conquista de Ceuta (1415), bem como no falhado ataque a Tânger (1437), no qual ficou detido (e acabou por morrer em cativeiro com fama de santidade) o infante D. Fernando, o qual era então mestre da Ordem de Avis desde 1434. Por sua morte, em Fez, em 1443, passou o mestrado para as mãos do filho mais velho do regente Pedro, Duque de Coimbra, também chamado Pedro (o qual viria a ser, por breve período, rei de Aragão).

A ordem foi depois herdada pelo príncipe D. João (futuro João II de Portugal), pelo seu filho ilegítimo Jorge de Lencastre, e, por morte deste, em 1551 (reinado de João III de Portugal), o grão-mestrado da Ordem de Avis foi incorporado perpetuamente à Coroa, perdendo todo o seu carácter religioso. Nesse mesmo ano, o Papa Júlio III viria permitir que os seus membros pudessem dispor livremente dos seus bens (contrariando também o voto de pobreza feito pelos seus membros). Por esta altura, o único critério que passou a ser necessário para a admissão na Ordem era a pertença ao Estado da Nobreza, o que foi confirmado por um decreto de 1604.

Em 1 de Agosto de 1789, a rainha Maria I de Portugal, com o auxílio do Papa Pio VI, tentou reformar a ordem de Avis, mas acabou apenas por secularizá-las – as três ordens – (Avis, Santiago e de Cristo), embora tivesse mantido o grão-mestrado integrado ainda à Coroa. Desta secularização radicou o nascimento da Banda das Três Ordens (uma faixa tripartida de púrpura, vermelho e verde, representando respectivamente as Ordens de Santiago, Cristo e Avis), com a qual foram desde então agraciados os chefes de Estado portugueses (reis ou presidentes) quando da sua subida ao poder, como símbolo da magistratura que exercem.

A ordem foi também levada para o Brasil, pelo príncipe regente D. João e, em 1834, o regente D. Pedro, Duque de Bragança, em nome da jovem rainha Maria II, aboliu completamente a ordem. Esta, contudo, viria a ser restaurada e reformada com o nome de Real Ordem Militar de São Bento de Avis em 1894, durante o governo de Hintze Ribeiro, com o carácter de ordem honorífica que ainda hoje mantém, destinando-se a condecorar personalidades militares que tivessem obrado papel de relevo.

Ordem Militar de Avis

Novamente extinta em 1910 (em conjunto com as demais ordens), pelo Governo Provisório da República Portuguesa, que julgava a atribuição de ordens algo próprio do carácter de não-igualdade social da Monarquia, foi restaurada (de novo também com as honoríficas Ordem Militar de Cristo e a Ordem Militar de Sant'Iago da Espada) em 1918 por Sidónio Pais, no quadro da Primeira Guerra Mundial (julgou-se então ser oportuno condecorar os militares que se haviam distinguido nas campanhas contra os Alemães em Flandres, em Angola e em Moçambique - isto muito embora o próprio Sidónio fosse contra a participação de Portugal na guerra).

Após o seu assassinato em Dezembro desse ano, não se voltou ao statu quo ante; o regime das ordens foi depois regulamentado, já durante o Estado Novo (1962), e mais recentemente, em 1986, quando se definiu as atribuições de cada ordem e o seu regime de concessão, em exclusivo, por iniciativa do Presidente da República, Grão-Mestre das Ordens. Assim sendo, a Ordem Militar de Avis ficou destinada a premiar serviços militares de excepcional relevo, sendo apenas atribuída a quadros das Forças Armadas e/ou militarizadas (isto é, da Guarda Nacional Republicana, GNR e da Guarda Fiscal), bem ainda como a corpos ou unidades militares, a título colectivo, podendo a condecoração ser efectuada em vida ou postumamente.

A insígnia desta Ordem é originalmente composta por uma cruz latina verde, flordelizada. No Brasil, fita e banda verde, com orla vermelha. Por fim, divide-se a atribuição do título da ordem nos graus de cavaleiro (ou dama), oficial, comendador, grande-oficial e grã-cruz.

Lista de Mestres da Ordem de Avis

Gonçalo Viegas de Lanhoso (entre 1175 e 76-18 de julho de 1195), morreu na batalha de Alarcos
Pelágio (1200)
Fernando Anes (1201-1227)
Fernando Rodrigues Monteiro (1227-1237)
Martim Fernandes (22 de agosto de 1238-1264)
João Portariva (Sem prova documental)
Pedro Afonso (1268-1269)
Fernando Soares (Sem prova documental)
Simão Soares (1269-1280)
Egas Martins de Outeiro (1280-1290)
João Peres (1291-1292)
João Afonso (1294)
Lourenço Afonso (1296-1310)
"Garcia Peres do Casal (1311-1316)" Escolhido pelo Rei D. Dinis, mas não pela Ordem.
Gil Martins do Outeiro (1316-15 de março de 1319). Em 1319 é nomeado primeiro Grão-Mestre da Ordem do Cristo.
Vasco Afonso (1320-1329)
Gil Peres de Noudar (1330-1332)
Afonso Mendes (1334)
Gonçalo Vasques (1336-1341)
João Rodrigues Pimentel (1342-1351)
Sancho Soares (sem prova documental)
Diogo Gracia (sem prova documental)
João Afonso de Pena de Aguiar (1351-1356)
Martim de Avelar (1357-1363)
João de Avis (1364-1385), aclamado Rei de Portugal em 1385.

Administradores da Ordem
Com a subida ao trono do Mestre de Avis, a ordem iniciou o seu processo de anexação à Coroa, designando o monarca o administrador da mesma:
 D. Fernando Rodrigues de Siqueira (1387-?)
 D. ... (?-1434)
 D. Fernando de Portugal, o Infante Santo (1434-1443)
 D. ... (1443-1445)
 D. Pedro de Coimbra, Condestável de Portugal (Pedro V de Aragão), filho do Pedro, Duque de Coimbra (1445-1466)
 D. ... (1466-1468)
 D. João II de Portugal (1468-1490)
 Infante D. Afonso (filho de D. João II - morreu antes da confirmação papal) (1490-1491)
 D. Jorge de Lancastre (filho de D. João II) (1491-1551)

Desde 1551, com a incorporação do mestrado da Ordem na Coroa Portuguesa que o cargo de Mestre é desempenhado pelo chefe de Estado Português.

Património associado

 Benavente
Castelo de Alcanede
Castelo de Alter Pedroso
Castelo de Avis
Castelo de Seda
Comenda de Oriz

Bibliografia

Documentos
NORONHA. Constituções de S. Bento de Aviz. Lisboa, 1631.

Obras
José da Purifição, Catálogo dos Mestres de Aviz, 1722 (Academia Real de História);
Burro, Chronica de Cister, onde, etc. (Lisboa. 1602); cf Almeida in Mem. Acad. Scient. Lisboa (1837);
Helyot, Dictionnaire des ordres religieux (1847), 1, 348-350;
Schefer, Geschichte von Portugal (Gota 1834-54);
HERCULANO, Alexandre. História de Portugal. Lisboa, 1854-1873.
Miguel Oliveira, A Milícia de Évora e a Ordem de Calatrava, Lusitânia Sacra t. 1, Lisboa 1956
Cardeal Saraiva, Memória sobre a instituição da Ordem Militar de Avis em Portugal em Obras completas do Cardeal Saraiva tome 3, 1884.
Ruy Pinto de Azevedo, Primórdios da Ordem militar de Évora, no boletim da Junta Distrital de Évora Nº 8, 1967.
Luís Filipe Oliveira – Ordem Militar de Avis. In Ordens Religiosas em Portugal: guia histórico (das origens a Trento). Dir. Bernardo Vasconcelos e Sousa. Lisboa: CEHR/UCP – Livros Horizonte, 2005.

Ver também
Ordens militares
Ordens honoríficas de Portugal: Ordem Militar de Avis
Ordens honoríficas do Brasil: Imperial Ordem de São Bento de Avis
Banda das Três Ordens

Notas

Ligações externas
 Maria Cristina Cunha,  Faculdade de Letras do Porto, ESTUDOS SOBRE A ORDEM DE AVIS (SÉC. XII-XV)
 A Ordem Militar de Avis revisitada (1515-1538), Um alheado entardecer, por Manuel Lamas de Mendonça, Benavente, 2019
 Ordens de Cavalaria da Casa Real Portuguesa

Ordens de cavalaria
História de Portugal

Avis
Évora


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Белокони () — село,
Решетиловский поселковый совет,
Решетиловский район,
Полтавская область,
Украина.

Код КОАТУУ — 5324255101. Население по переписи 2001 года составляло 266 человек.

Географическое положение
Село Белокони находится на берегах реки Говтва,
выше по течению примыкает село Дмитренки,
ниже по течению на расстоянии в 3 км расположено село Прокоповка.
Рядом проходит автомобильная дорога .

Известные люди

В селе родился Герой Советского Союза Иван Олейник.

Примечания

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Джо Иссама Мпеко (; родился 3 марта 1986, Мбандака) — конголезский футболист, защитник клуба «ТП Мазембе» и сборной ДР Конго. Рекордсмен по количеству матчей за сборную ДР Конго (76).

Клубная карьера
Во взрослом футболе дебютировал в 2006 году выступлениями за команду «Люмьер», в которой провёл три сезона. В 2009 году он перешёл в клуб «Мотема Пембе», с которым дважды выигрывал Кубок. В 2011 году перешёл в клуб «Вита», с которым за 2 года сыграл 115 матчей, забив один гол. В 2014 году он подписал контракт с ангольским клубом «Кабушкорп». За год он сыграл лишь 17 матчей из-за частых травм. В 2015 году он подписал контракт с «ТП Мазембе». С клубом Мпеко четыре раза выигрывал национальный чемпионат, дважды Кубок Конфедерации КАФ в 2016 и 2017 годах, а также Суперкубок КАФ в 2017 году.

Сборная ДР Конго
За сборную ДР Конго Мпеко дебютировал в 2011 году. Он выступал на чемпионате африканских наций 2011 года. Во время квалификации на Кубок африканских наций 2013 года он забил один гол. Он принял участие в четырёх Кубках африканских наций в 2013, 2015, 2017 и 2019 годах. В 2015 году вместе с командой стал бронзовым призёром Кубка африканских наций. Весной 2019 года сыграл 65-ю игру за сборную, обойдя по этому показателю Жоэля Кимваки и стал рекордсменом национальной сборной ДР Конго по количеству проведённых матчей.

Достижения
 Клубные
 Чемпион ДР Конго: 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020
 Обладатель Кубка ДР Конго: 2009, 2010
 Обладатель Суперкубка КАФ: 2017
 Обладатель Кубка Конфедерации КАФ: 2016, 2017

 Сборная ДР Конго
 3-е место на Кубке африканских наций: 2015

Примечания

Ссылки

Футболисты Демократической Республики Конго
Игроки сборной Демократической Республики Конго по футболу
Игроки ФК «Люмьер»
Игроки ФК «Мотема Пембе»
Игроки ФК «Вита» Киншаса
Игроки ФК «Кабушкорп»
Игроки ФК «ТП Мазембе»


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Cryptanusia varia är en stekelart som först beskrevs av Girault 1927.  Cryptanusia varia ingår i släktet Cryptanusia och familjen sköldlussteklar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Sköldlussteklar
varia


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"Don't Look a Smith Horse in the Mouth" is the tenth episode of the sixth season of American Dad!. It aired on January 3, 2010 on Fox and is the first American Dad! episode to air in 16:9 720p high-definition.

In the episode, when Stan gets told by Francine to get rid of his gas-guzzling SUV, he and Roger hatch up a plan at the local horse track to avoid losing his car. Meanwhile, Steve and his friends help an obese man out of his bedroom.

Plot
Because of the economic recession, the Smiths are forced to make cutbacks. When Roger tells Francine that Stan regularly spends $400 on gas for his SUV, she threatens to replace his vehicle with a Hybrid. In an attempt to save his SUV, Stan makes a bet on a local horse at a track stadium, only to watch the horse finish the race last. Outraged, Stan confronts the jockey, discovering that the jockey is Roger. Roger explains that he has been giving the horse tranquilizers to hold it back and reduce its odds. When the horse owner plans to kill the horse in order to prevent further monetary loss, Roger offers to buy it from him, and asks Stan for money. Stan is reluctant at first, but following Roger's promise that the horse is a guaranteed winner, he decides to buy it using his family's second mortgage. Roger tells Francine about the plan when she lectures Roger about eating too much cream cheese. Francine is furious, but decides to trust Stan.

Tired of hearing Roger reveal his actions to Francine, Stan thumps Roger's arm. In retaliation, Roger tricks Stan into giving the horse "a full release" in order to boost its confidence. The horse afterwards engages in erratic behavior. The two consult a horse whisperer (after confirming he isn't Roger, who is just the secretary), who tells them that due to being molested by Stan, the horse is in a state of shock despite its body's peak physical condition, and as a result, will never race again. Roger tells Francine of this development after she simply glares at him for using too much whipped cream. Using the CIA technology once used on Klaus in "Finances with Wolves," Stan switches his own mind with the horse's, reasoning that with its body's peak condition he can potentially win the race, over Klaus's suggestion of putting himself in a human body and getting a job doing animal noises. Before Stan and Roger head off to the stadium, Francine approaches the horse waiting in the back of the car, unaware that the horse is Stan. Saddened, she questions why her husband prioritizes his SUV over his family, leaving Stan feeling remorseful. At the venue, Stan is unable to endure the grief of disappointing Francine. So instead of heading off to the start of the race, he rushes to Francine at the spectator seats, revealing himself to her as a horse. Stan expresses his sorrow to her in regards to his selfish actions. Francine then tells him to win, giving him confidence and an encouraging attitude, and allowing him and Roger to take first place (after Roger makes himself vomit by sticking his finger down his throat to make himself lighter).

Meanwhile, Steve and his friends get employed by an old friend, Mr. Tuttle, who has over time become an obese recluse after his wife's death. In order to receive their paycheck, Snot volunteers to retrieve Mr. Tuttle's wallet from his back pocket, but becomes trapped underneath him. Upon running to his dad for help, Steve learns from Klaus that Stan had switched his brain with the horse's. Steve uses the horse, in Stan's body, to help lift Mr. Tuttle and free Snot. Mr. Tuttle then reveals he had the money in his neck fat instead of his back pocket and that he tricked them into staying with him due to his loneliness. Steve then decides to reintroduce him to the neighborhood, with the horse in Stan's body pulling him. At the end of the episode, Stan in the horse's body goes to Hollywood with Roger so that the two of them can ride together with Steven Spielberg and his talking horse.

Reception
Emily VanDerWerff of The A.V. Club gave the episode a B, saying "You often hear in articles about TV writers rooms about a big white board where possible plotlines are written down, just in case the writers run out of ideas for new episodes. I kind of wonder just how long "Stan becomes a horse" was written on the American Dad board, but there was something goofily charming about the way this all played out - much less the way that everything tied together in the end - that made the episode end on a high enough note for me to give it a Grade: B." The episode was watched by a total of 5.91 million people, this made it the fourth most watched show on Animation Domination that night, losing to The Cleveland Show, Family Guy and The Simpsons with 8.65 million.

PTC protest
The Parents Television Council, a pro-censorship group and a frequent critic of Seth MacFarlane-produced programs (Family Guy being the most frequent target) urged viewers to file indecency complaints with the Federal Communications Commission regarding the scene where Stan masturbated a horse, and Stan getting sprayed in his mouth with a garden hose. The implication, the PTC said, was that "the horse has ejaculated in Stan's mouth." On June 3, 2010, in a Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture, the FCC sought to fine Fox $25,000. The fine was for failing to respond to a Letter of Inquiry arising from the 100,000 complaints filed regarding this episode.

References

External links

2010 American television episodes
American Dad! (season 6) episodes
Animation controversies in television
Fiction about body swapping
Obscenity controversies in animation
Obscenity controversies in television
Television controversies in the United States


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"Ginga" é uma canção da cantora brasileira Iza, servindo como segundo single do seu álbum de estréia, Dona de Mim. Também esteve presente na trilha da novela Segundo Sol. A música é uma fusão de afrobeat e R&B contemporâneo, onde também apresenta elementos do berimbau utilizado na capoeira. Pra completar, a canção teve um ótimo desempenho nas plataformas digitais de música do Brasil, tendo mais de 170 milhões de streams no país.

Videoclipe
Sobre a temática apresentada no clipe, Felipe Sassi, o diretor disse: "Quando conversei com a IZA sobre o que ela queria passar com o clipe, ela disse que queria falar sobre força, movimento, sobre se adaptar às condições que a vida impõe e sobre se reinventar, aquilo que a música passa mesmo. Sinto que essa canção tem uma energia que te desperta a ir atrás de algo que você quer, que sonha. De alguma forma tudo isso me trouxe a ideia de explorar os quatro elementos, que imprimem a origem de tudo, a origem da força, da fé. A natureza é muito forte e quis agregar os conceitos de união, de representatividade, da divindade feminina e da libertação por meio da música".

Apresentações ao vivo
Iza performou um medley com os singles "Ginga" e "Dona de Mim", durante o Prêmio Multishow de Música Brasileira
.

Desempenho nas tabelas musicais

Prêmios e indicações

Ligações externas

Singles de 2018
Canções gravadas por Iza (cantora)
Canções em português
Canções em dueto
Canções de Afrobeat


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Слотино — топоним в России:
 Слотино — деревня в Сергиево-Посадском районе Московской области.
 Слотино — деревня в Княгининском районе Нижегородской области.
 Слотино — озеро в Лопатинском районе Пензенской области.


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John Hartung (born 1947) is a Professor of anesthesiology at the State University of New York. His BA is from the University of Pennsylvania and his PhD is from Harvard University in anthropology. He is the former Associate Editor of the Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology.

He has also published some widely cited work in other fields, notably some early pioneering research in human behavioral ecology on inheritance patterns and also a controversial paper in Skeptic in which he argued that biblical injunctions to 'love thy neighbour' and the Ten Commandments were, properly interpreted, intended to apply only to behavior towards fellow Jews. This latter article has been referred to favourably in popular books such as Matt Ridley's The Origins of Virtue and Richard Dawkins's bestseller The God Delusion but also, together with a favourable review of the earlier work of controversial psychologist Kevin MacDonald on Judaism, proved controversial. Nevertheless, despite criticism of Hartung's review of MacDonald's book, Dick Alexander, the then-president of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society (of which Hartung was formerly the secretary), defended Hartung.

References

External links
 Official website
 VIDEO: Thou Shalt Not Kill...Whom?
 VIDEO: Reading and Doing Medical Research

1947 births
Living people
University of Pennsylvania alumni
Harvard University alumni
State University of New York faculty


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(178256) Juanmi est un astéroïde de la ceinture principale.

Description
(178256) Juanmi est un astéroïde de la ceinture principale. Il fut découvert le  à La Cañada par Juan Lacruz. Il présente une orbite caractérisée par un demi-grand axe de 2,81 UA, une excentricité de 0,04 et une inclinaison de 4,7° par rapport à l'écliptique.

Compléments

Articles connexes
 Liste des planètes mineures (178001-179000)
 Ceinture d'astéroïdes

Références

Planète mineure découverte en 2007
Astéroïde de la ceinture principale
Objet céleste découvert par Juan Lacruz
Juanmi


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Francisco José Antón i Lledó (Alacant, 2 de juliol de 1967) és un exfutbolista valencià, que ocupava la posició de defensa.

Trajectòria esportiva
Va debutar a primera divisió amb l'Hèrcules CF a la temporada 84/85, en la jornada en la qual els futbolistes professionals van fer vaga i els equips van alinear als filials i juvenils.

Antón no va retornar a la màxima categoria fins a la campanya 92/93 a les files del CD Logroñés. Anteriorment, havia formar part del segon equip del Reial Madrid, però sense donar el salt al primer. Amb el conjunt riojà, l'alacantí va ser titular tres temporades.

Regressa a l'Hèrcules CF a l'estiu de 1995. Aconsegueix l'ascens a Primera amb els herculans, però tornen de nou a Segona. L'aportació d'Antón aniria minvant any rere any, fins a la seua sortida el 1998.

Enllaços externs
 Fitxa d'Antón

Futbolistes alacantins
Futbolistes de l'Hèrcules CF
Futbolistes del Reial Madrid Castella
Futbolistes del CD Logroñés


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Asakawa (written: 朝河 or 浅川) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Asakawa brothers (1884–1964) (1891–1931), Japanese academics
Kan'ichi Asakawa (1873–1948), Japanese academic and historian
Maki Asakawa (1942–2010), Japanese jazz singer and composer
Yū Asakawa (born 1975), Japanese voice actress

See also
Asakawa, Fukushima, town in Japan
Asakawa Station, train station in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan

Japanese-language surnames


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Kade Simpson (born 5 May 1984) is a former Australian rules footballer who played his entire career with the Carlton Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He played 342 games across 18 seasons from 2003 to 2020. He holds the VFL/AFL record for playing in the most losses of any player, with 215.

Simpson predominantly played  as a half-back flanker, while also spending time as a midfielder.

AFL career

Early career (2002-2005)
Simpson was drafted in the fourth round of the 2002 AFL Draft. He was Carlton's first pick in that year's draft, after the club was stripped of its higher selections as punishment for salary cap infringements. Carlton were fortunate to have picked Simpson given his skills were immediately apparent, but he did not have enough weight to play regular seniors in his first two seasons; even now, his weight is a relatively light 79 kg. He played primarily for Carlton's , the Northern Bullants, in his first two years, and on his few selections in the Carlton senior team, received so little ground time that he did not have a disposal in his first three games.

Simpson first broke into the senior team as a regular in the latter half of 2005. Still eligible for the AFL Rising Star in his third season on the list, Simpson was nominated in Round 18. He played nine of the last 10 games of the season, missing one game through injury, and his pace and skill began to attract attention.

Leadership Group and John Nicholls Medal (2006-2018)
Simpson took a big step up in the 2006 season, being elevated to the leadership group and running 4th in the best and fairest. He played every game, mainly as a running link-man from half-back. He finished in the top 5 in the AFL for running bounces, which was typical of his rebound play, averaged 19 disposals with a maximum of 30, and eleven goals. This style of running play prompted Kevin Sheedy to select Simpson for the Australian International Rules team for the 2006 tour of Ireland, and Mick Malthouse to do likewise for in 2008, a series in which he won the Jim Stynes Medal.

By 2007, Simpson had emerged as one of the leaders of the club. He captained the Blues between Rounds 14 and 19 during 2007, in the absence of regular captain and vice-captain Lance Whitnall and Nick Stevens, and has been vice-captain to Chris Judd since Stevens' retirement.

In 2010, Kade Simpson had arguably his best season for the Carlton Football Club, polling nine Brownlow votes (Second for Carlton, behind medal-winner Chris Judd). The most noticeable feature of his performances during the season was his tackling ability, because on 12 occasions he laid five or more tackles.

Simpson played 158 consecutive games from Round 15, 2005, until Round 15, 2012, before missing a match with a broken jaw. He was, at the time, considered the club record holder for most consecutive games, but in December 2012, the AFL amended the interpretation of this record such that Bruce Doull, who missed two club games during his streak due to playing in interstate matches on the same day, assumed the club record with 162 consecutive games.

In the 2013 season, Simpson won the John Nicholls medal, Carltons best and fairest award. Kade had 533 disposals that season, after an outstanding year playing at half-back flank position under new coach Mick Malthouse.

In the 2016 season, Simpson had an outstanding year averaging 27.2 disposals per game. He was nominated in the All Australian squad of 40 but was not named in the final 22. He finished second in Carlton's best and fairest award behind defender Sam Docherty.

300 gamer (2018-2020)
On 30 June 2018 Simpson became the fifth Carlton player to reach the 300 game milestone.

In 2019, Simpson signed a one-year contract extension to play on in 2020. With the retirement of Daniel Wells at the end of the 2019 season, Simpson became the last remaining survivor from the 2002 AFL draft. He also decided to step down from the club's leadership group that year.

He retired at the end of the 2020 season, finishing with 342 senior games – the third most of any Carlton player in the club's history.

Coaching career
Simpson was appointed assistant coach of Carlton's AFLW team in November 2020.

Statistics
 Statistics are correct to the end of the 2020 season

|-
| 2003 ||  || 6
| 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 3 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 1.0 || 0
|-
| 2004 ||  || 6
| 3 || 1 || 1 || 7 || 5 || 12 || 4 || 5 || 0.3 || 0.3 || 2.3 || 1.7 || 4.0 || 1.3 || 1.7 || 0
|-
| 2005 ||  || 6
| 15 || 9 || 10 || 118 || 56 || 174 || 57 || 26 || 0.6 || 0.7 || 7.9 || 3.7 || 11.6 || 3.8 || 1.7 || 0
|-
| 2006 ||  || 6
| 22 || 11 || 8 || 296 || 124 || 420 || 147 || 53 || 0.5 || 0.4 || 13.5 || 5.6 || 19.1 || 6.7 || 2.4 || 2
|-
| 2007 ||  || 6
| 22 || 17 || 12 || 281 || 130 || 411 || 103 || 64 || 0.8 || 0.5 || 12.8 || 5.9 || 18.7 || 4.7 || 2.9 || 3
|-
| 2008 ||  || 6
| 22 || 9 || 14 || 242 || 170 || 412 || 137 || 61 || 0.4 || 0.6 || 11.0 || 7.7 || 18.7 || 6.2 || 2.8 || 0
|-
| 2009 ||  || 6
| 23 || 15 || 12 || 287 || 202 || 489 || 129 || 82 || 0.7 || 0.5 || 12.5 || 8.8 || 21.3 || 5.6 || 3.6 || 5
|-
| 2010 ||  || 6
| 23 || 17 || 19 || 328 || 210 || 538 || 142 || 93 || 0.7 || 0.8 || 14.3 || 9.1 || 23.4 || 6.2 || 4.0 || 9
|-
| 2011 ||  || 6
| 24 || 17 || 18 || 361 || 175 || 536 || 147 || 79 || 0.7 || 0.8 || 15.0 || 7.3 || 22.3 || 6.1 || 3.3 || 5
|-
| 2012 ||  || 6
| 19 || 15 || 13 || 267 || 159 || 426 || 106 || 62 || 0.8 || 0.7 || 14.1 || 8.4 || 22.4 || 5.6 || 3.3 || 6
|-
| 2013 ||  || 6
| 24 || 6 || 9 || 350 || 183 || 533 || 140 || 51 || 0.3 || 0.4 || 14.6 || 7.6 || 22.2 || 5.8 || 2.1 || 9
|-
| 2014 ||  || 6
| 22 || 4 || 6 || 349 || 171 || 520 || 139 || 52 || 0.2 || 0.3 || 15.9 || 7.8 || 23.6 || 6.3 || 2.4 || 8
|-
| 2015 ||  || 6
| 20 || 3 || 1 || 285 || 175 || 460 || 118 || 42 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 14.3 || 8.8 || 23.0 || 5.9 || 2.1 || 1
|-
| 2016 ||  || 6
| 22 || 3 || 0 || 383 || 214 || 597 || 152	|| 54 || 0.1 || 0.0 || 17.4 || 9.7 || 27.1 || 6.9 || 2.5 || 3
|-
| 2017 ||  || 6
| 22 || 4 || 3 || 377 || 152 || 529 || 162	|| 59 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 17.1 || 6.9 || 24.0 || 7.4 || 2.7 || 8
|-
| 2018 ||  || 6
| 21 || 4 || 0 || 369 || 180 || 549 || 115 || 42 || 0.2 || 0.0 || 17.6 || 8.6 || 26.1 || 5.5 || 2.0 || 6
|-
| 2019 ||  || 6
| 18 || 3 || 0 || 265 || 101 || 366 || 85 || 46 || 0.2 || 0.0 || 14.7 || 5.6 || 20.3 || 4.7 || 2.6 || 2
|-
| 2020 ||  || 6
| 17 || 1 || 0 || 201 || 63 || 264 || 66 || 19 || 0.1 || 0.0 || 11.8 || 3.7 || 15.5 || 3.9 || 1.1 || 0
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 342 !! 139 !! 126 !! 4766	!! 2470 !! 7236	!! 1949	!! 893 !! 0.4 !! 0.4 !! 13.9 !! 7.2 !! 21.2 !! 5.7 !! 2.6 !! 67
|}

Notes

Honours and achievements
Team
 2× Pre-season premiership player (): 2005, 2007

Individual
 John Nicholls Medal: 2013
 Carlton Vice-captain: 2013–2014, 2016
 Women of Carlton Player Ambassador Award: 2015
 Carltonians High Achiever Award: 2014, 2016
 Inner Blue Ruthless Award: 2013, 2016
 AFL Rising Star nominee: 2005
 Jim Stynes Medal: 2008

References

External links

 Kade Simpson profile in Blueseum

1984 births
Carlton Football Club players
Living people
Preston Football Club (VFA) players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Eastern Ranges players
John Nicholls Medal winners
Australia international rules football team players


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Gnatusuchus is an extinct genus of caiman represented by the type species Gnatusuchus pebasensis from the Middle Miocene Pebas Formation of Peru. Gnatusuchus lived about 13 million years ago (Ma) in a large wetland system called the Pebas mega-wetlands that covered over one million square kilometers of what is now the Amazon Basin (the modern basin had not yet developed at that time and instead of draining from west to east into the Atlantic Ocean, river systems drained northward through the wetlands and into the Caribbean Sea).

Discovery and naming
Fish and molluscs have long been known from the Pebas Formation, however starting in 2002 systematic surveys of the Peruvian Iquitos area have led to the discovery of many vertebrate remains including further fish remains, mammals, turtles and an abundance of crocodilians, with two contemporaneous lignitic bonebeds preserving a minimum of 7 coexisting taxa. Among the fossils recovered from the Iquitos localities is the holotype of Gnatusuchus, MUSM 990, a nearly complete skull, as well as 3 referred specimens consisting of a right and two partial left mandibles.

The name Gnatusuchus is a combination of the Quechua word "Ñatu", meaning small nose, and the Greek "Souchos" for crocodile. The species name pebasensis is based on the Pebas Formation, which gets its name from an old Amazonian village.

Description
Gnatusuchus has a exceptionally short and rounded snout with a length-breadth index of 1.55, which is only slightly higher than the length-breadth index of the bizarre Notosuchian Simosuchus from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. The short cranium leads to the almost-circular orbits being located at the approximate midpoint of the skull and the nares are apple-shaped. Much like the cranium, the mandible is short and wide and ends in a short but massive retroarticular process. The overall shape of the mandible is shovel-like, which may have been adaptations for feeding on bivalves.

Gnatusuchus has highly reduced dentition compared to other blunt-snouted caimans, which typically possess 18 to 20 tooth alveoli, whereas Gnatusuchus has 14 teeth spread over the premaxilla and maxilla and 11 dentary teeth. The dentary teeth in particular can be separated into two groups with 7 anterior teeth and 4 "cheek teeth", the two groups separated by a diastema. Gnatusuchus exhibits a significant evolutionary loss of alveoli, with at least 3 alveoli being lost to create the diastema and further missing alveoli posterior to the 14th dentary tooth (while ancestral caimans would have possessed 4 to 6 more alveoli in that position). Besides the reduction of alveoli, Gnatusuchus also exhibits distinctly modified tooth morphology. The anterior most teeth are long and peg-like with blunt crowns. They are procumbent and shown apical wear. The posterior teeth meanwhile are globular shaped with a distinct neck.

Based on the size of the skull material Salas-Gismondi et al. estimate a total body length of  depending on the proportions used for the calculation. The upper estimates are based on the American Alligator, while a smaller body length was recovered using the proportions of Morelet's Crocodile.

Taxonomy
A phylogenetic analysis published alongside its initial description placed Gnatusuchus as the most basal member of the clade Caimaninae. Two other caimanines with crushing dentitions, Kuttanacaiman and Globidentosuchus, were also found to be basal caimanines, suggesting that a specialized crushing dentition was ancestral to the group. Later caimanines, including most modern species, have more generalized dentitions, although a few derived species such as C. wannlangstoni seem to have reacquired crushing teeth. Below is a cladogram from that analysis with crushing-type species in bold:

Paleobiology
The Pebas Mega-Wetland System was created by the rise of the Andes during the beginning of the Neogene, eventually reaching an enormous size around of 1 million km2 during the middle Miocene. The wetlands consisted of a wide array of lakes, embayments, swamps and rivers that all drained into the Caribbean. The dysoxic marshes and swamps of the Pebas Formation were home to a great diversity of freshwater invertebrates (ostracods and molluscs) with a total of 85 co-occurring endemic species, most abundant of which being corbulid pachydontine bivalves. These bivalves possessed thick shells, profuse ornamentation and a series of other adaptations against predation. However, both successful and unsuccessful scaring caused by crushing predation can be found commonly in these bivalve fossils. This, alongside the specialised dentition and other adaptations of Gnatusuchus point to a durophagous diet in these caimans. Furthermore, the particular shape of Gnatusuchus may also point to its specific feeding strategy. Salas-Gismondi et al. hypothesize that Gnatusuchus used its jaw and procumbent teeth to "shovel" while crushing shells with the tightly packed posterior teeth.

Gnatusuchus shared its environment with 2 other taxa of durophagous caimans, the basal Kuttanacaiman and Caiman wannlangstoni, a more derived caiman that independently developed crushing dentition. Besides these taxa with similar diets, the Pebas Mega-Wetlands were also shared by an unnamed species of Dwarf Caimain, the piscivorous, longirostrine gryposuchine Gryposuchus pachakamue, the gulp-feeding Mourasuchus atopus and the massive Purussaurus neivensis.

Extinction
Strata directly overlying the ones Gnatusuchus was found in document the first decline in native mollusc diversity, caused by a marine incursion. Around 12 million years ago began the demise of the dysoxic lacustrine Pebas ecosystem following the continued uplift of the Andes splitting Proto-Amazonia into the modern river basins and the initiation of the transcontinental Amazon River drainage. The youngest records of Gnatusuchus were found in the Nueva Unión area south of Iquitos, however none of the other durophagous caimans of the Pebas Formation have been found there. Following the demise of the Pebas Mega-Wetlands, crushing caimans managed to persist into the Late Miocene in the Urumaco Formation while decreasing in diversity in the Solimões Formation of Acre. However Gnatusuchus itself has not been found in either formation.

References

Alligatoridae
Miocene crocodylomorphs
Miocene reptiles of South America
Laventan
Neogene Peru
Fossils of Peru
Fossil taxa described in 2015
Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera


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Ста́рая Ципья́ () — деревня в Балтасинском районе Республики Татарстан, в составе Ципьинского сельского поселения.

Этимология названия
Топоним произошел от русского слова «старый» и удмуртского микроэтнонима «Чипъя».

География
Деревня находится на реке Арборка, в 26 км к северо-востоку от районного центра, посёлка городского типа Балтаси.

История
Деревня основана в XVII века выходцами из деревни Тагашур.

В XVIII – первой половине XIX века жители относились к категории государственных крестьян. Основные занятия жителей в этот период – земледелие и скотоводство.

В начале XX века в деревне функционировала водяная мельница. В этот период земельный надел сельской общины составлял 772,1 десятины.

В 1931 году в деревне организован колхоз «1 Мая».

До 1920 года деревня входила в Ципьинскую волость Малмыжского уезда Вятской губернии. С 1920 года в составе Арского кантона ТАССР. С 10 августа 1930 года в Тюнтерском (со 2 марта 1932 года — Балтасинский), с 4 августа 1938 года в Ципьинском, с 16 июля 1958 года в Балтасинском, с 1 февраля 1963 года в Арском, с 12 января 1965 года в Балтасинском районах.

Население

Национальный состав деревни: татары.

Экономика
Жители работают преимущественно в ООО «Труд», занимаются овцеводством, полеводством.

Социальные объекты
В селе действуют библиотека, фельдшерско-акушерский пункт.

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки

Населённые пункты Балтасинского района


text:
Change Myself is Japanese pop musician Iconiq's debut album, released on March 10, 2010. The album was initially planned for a February 24 release, which was postponed for two weeks.

Background

Iconiq originally released music in Japan and South Korea as the leader of the girl-group Sugar. Iconiq released two solo singles under the name Ahyoomee in Korea in 2006, with Sugar disbanding in December 2006. In 2008, Iconiq moved to West Hollywood, California to study at dance and vocal schools. Iconiq cites this trip for the inspiration for the change/rebirth theme of her Japanese debut.

Iconiq returned to Japan in 2009, signed as an artist to Avex Entertainment. The stage name Iconiq was chosen for her re-debut, due to its strong impact and personal meaning/goal, "to become an icon for the era." believing the name had strong impact.

Promotion

The bulk of the marketing for the album centred on Iconiq's buzz cut hair-style, often marketed as , along with the catch-phrase  Her hair style was suggested by her management as a strong image to complement her desire for a theme of change.

Large-scale billboards showcasing Iconiq's hairstyle started appearing in Japanese city centres in late November, 2009. At the same time, her song "I'm Lovin' You" (a duet with Exile vocalist Atsushi) started airing in commercials for Shiseido's Maquillage cosmetics line, featuring actress Juri Ueno.

"I'm Lovin' You" was announced as Iconiq's debut digital single, first released as a ringtone at Recochoku on December 9. The ringtone was the most popular at Recochoku for an entire week, the first time a debut artist has achieved this. By late January, the song had been downloaded as a ringtone approximately 300,000 times. On January 27, the song was simultaneously released as a cellphone digital download, as well as a special rental store only single.

Iconiq's second Maquillage commercial for Shiseido featured her personally, and was first announced in a press conference with a mini-live on the 19th of January. The new commercial song, "Change Myself," was produced by Hiro, who is known for producing such artists like Kumi Koda and Namie Amuro. The change concept and catch-phrase are directly related to the lyrics of the song, such as the chorus line . The song was released as a ringtone through Recochoku on the 20th, and the commercial began airing on the 21st. Much like its predecessor, the song debuted at #1 on Recochoku's weekly ranking chart. It was released as a download to cellphones on March 3. "Bye Now!" followed as Iconiq's third Maquillage commercial in late February.

Starting a day before the album's release, Iconiq was the featured spokesperson for All Nippon Airways, US fashion brand Kitson, Italian car manufacturer Maserati, Rhythm Zone, music download site Mu-Mo, Shiseido and Starbucks. This was the first time a single person had promoted seven companies simultaneously in Japan. Each commercial was marketed with Iconiq's marketing phrase "I change. I change through music"; however, the company name replaced "music" in each instance.

Iconiq also appeared in many fashion and music centred magazines, most notably on the cover of Gingers February 2010 issue. She also featured in publications such as Anan, Barfout!, Bea's Up, Classy, Flava, Frau, Gekkan Exile, Glamorous, Jelly, Junon, Nikkan Entertainment, Sōen, Tokyo Headline, Vivi and Voce.

Chart reception

In the album's first week, it debuted at #3 on Oricon's album charts, selling 32,000 copies. This was the first top three position debut album since Yui Aragaki's Sora in late 2007. The album one further week in the top 10, eventually charting in the top 300 albums for 10 weeks, and selling a total of 63,000 copies.

Each digital single had moderate charting success. "I'm Lovin' You" reached #8 on RIAJ's full-length cellphone download Digital Track Chart in February. "Change Myself"'s special edit version charted at #20, with the full-length version later peaking at #34. "Change Myself" also received minor airplay the week of the album's release, enough to reach #73 on Billboards Japan Hot 100 chart. "Bye Now!" saw success on Billboard, peaking at #8 during the album's promotion due to strong airplay. It did not chart as highly as the other singles on the digital track charts, peaking at #47 (with the special edited version peaking at #49).

A special medley of the three promotional singles used in Shiseido Maquillage commercials saw minor digital success, peaking at #58.

Track listing

Chart rankings

Reported sales

Release history

References

2010 debut albums
Avex Group albums
Japanese-language albums


text:
Stachovice jsou železniční zastávka na trati Suchdol nad Odrou – Fulnek. Nachází se ve vsi Stachovice.

Železniční zastávka Stachovice se nachází v obci Stachovice poblíž domu č. p. 112. Je součástí integrovaného dopravního systému a cestujícím je na místě k dispozici přístřešek.

Odkazy

Reference

Železniční stanice v okrese Nový Jičín
Železniční trať Suchdol nad Odrou – Fulnek
Stavby ve Fulneku
Doprava ve Fulneku


text:
Kredyt kasowy – rodzaj kredytu obrotowego. Może występować jako kredyt w rachunku bieżącym oraz kredytowym.

Kredyt kasowy w rachunku bieżącym polega na tym, iż bank upoważnia kredytobiorcę do pobrania z rachunku bieżącego kwoty przekraczającej jego pokrycie. Zaciągany jest w sytuacji chwilowego braku gotówki. Jest kredytem krótkoterminowym, który należy spłacić w ciągu kilku dni. Kredyt kasowy w rachunku kredytowym również jest kredytem krótkoterminowym, udzielanym kredytobiorcy niemalże "od ręki" w związku z chwilowym brakiem gotówki.

Jednak do jego uruchomienia niezbędne jest otwarcie rachunku kredytowego, na którym odnotowywane zostaje wykorzystanie kredytu.

Kredyty bankowe


text:
Sloane Street ist eine Hauptstraße im Londoner Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Sie verläuft in Nord-Süd-Richtung von Knightsbridge zum Sloane Square; etwa auf halber Strecke kreuzt sie die Pont Street. Sloane Street ist benannt nach Sir Hans Sloane, der die Gegend 1712 gekauft hatte. Viele Liegenschaften an der Straße gehören noch immer seinen Nachkommen, den Earls Cadogan.

An der nördlichen Hälfte der Straße liegen einige moderne Wohngebäude mit 24-Stunden Portier-Service; das Cadogan Hotel und das Millennium Hotel sowie zahlreiche Flagship-Stores. An der Ecke von Knightsbridge und Sloane Street befindet sich das Luxus-Kaufhaus Harvey Nichols.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Straße in London
Verkehrsbauwerk im Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
Straße in Europa


text:
Mobschatz steht für:
 die Ortschaft Mobschatz im Westen von Dresden, siehe Mobschatz (Ortschaft)
 einen Ortsteil dieser Ortschaft, siehe Mobschatz (Ortsteil)

Siehe auch:
 Cossebaude/Mobschatz/Oberwartha, statistischer Stadtteil, dem unter anderem die Ortschaft Mobschatz angehört


text:
Onychothemis culminicola är en trollsländeart. Onychothemis culminicola ingår i släktet Onychothemis och familjen segeltrollsländor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.

Underarter

Arten delas in i följande underarter:

 O. c. celebensis
 O. c. culminicola

Källor

Segeltrollsländor
culminicola


text:
Hopi Buttes volcanic field is a monogenetic volcanic field located on the Colorado Plateau mostly on the Navajo Reservation around the town of Dilkon in northeastern Arizona north of Holbrook.

The volcanic field covers an area of approximately  and contains about 300 maars and diatremes.

The erosional exposure of the deposits varies with those in the eastern portion exhibiting the shallowly eroded maar deposits and those in the western portion the more deeply eroded feeder diatremes.  The maars result from explosive interaction of the hot diatreme material with the groundwater system and result in a mixture of volcanic tuff material and sediments of the Miocene–Pliocene lacustrine sediments of the Bidahochi Formation. In the western portion of the field the buttes consist of the feeder diatremes of monchiquite and nepheline syenite magmas.

Most of the volcanic activity occurred between 8.5 and 6 million years ago, with the most recent dated at 4.2 million years ago.

Notable vents

See also
 List of volcanoes in the United States of America

References

Volcanic fields of Arizona
Landforms of Apache County, Arizona
Monogenetic volcanic fields
Geography of the Navajo Nation
Miocene volcanism
Pliocene volcanism


text:
Кийт Паркинсън () е американски художник и илюстратор. Той става известен със своите илюстрации за фентъзи книги, както и с рисунките си за компютърни игри, като Everquest, Magic: The Gathering и Vanguard: Saga of Heroes.

Паркинсън завършва дизайн през 1980 г. и започва работа, като участва в дизайна на някои от ранните видеоигри. По-късно илюстрира корици на книги, опаковки за игри, списания и календари. Сред авторите, чиито корици илюстрира са Тери Гудман, Тери Брукс, Маргарет Вайс и Трейси Хикман.

През 1995 г. Кийт Паркисън започва да се занимава с дизайн на компютърни игри, като първият му проект е Guardians. След 2000 г. това се превръща в основната му дейност, като през този период създава известната графика на оригиналния вариант на Everquest и първите му три разширения. Той издава и няколко книги с рисунки, свързани с игрите, върху които работи.

Паркинсън умира през 2005 г. от левкемия.

Външни препратки
  Официален сайт
  "Почина художникът Кийт Паркинсън", статия в Gaming Report

Американски художници
Американски илюстратори
Мичигански университет
Родени в Калифорния
Починали в Сан Диего
Починали от рак


text:
Arkansas state forests

 Poison Springs State Forest - Ouachita County

See also
 List of U.S. National Forests

External links
 Arkansas Forestry Commission

Arkansas
State forests


text:
Carriera

Dilettante
Da dilettante Kačar ha conquistato la medaglia di bronzo ai Campionati mondiali 1978 Belgrado nei pesi medi. Ha poi vinto la medaglia d'oro ai Giochi del Mediterraneo 1979 a Spalato, nei mediomassimi.

Kačar si è laureato campione olimpico, sempre nei pesi mediomassimi a .

Ha concluso la carriera dilettantistica con un bilancio di 241 vittorie e 9 sconfitte.

Professionista
È passato al professionismo in Italia nel 1983. Due anni dopo, ancora imbattuto, ha conquistato il titolo vacante IBF dei pesi mediomassimi battendo ai punti a Pesaro, con verdetto contrastato, lo statunitense Eddie Mustafa Muhammad.

Lo ha poi perso alla prima difesa, a Las Vegas, contro lo statunitense Bobby Czyz per knock-out tecnico al quinto round.

Ha combattuto ancora due match in Italia nell'ultimo dei quali, il 15 maggio 1987 a Mestre, fu messo KO dal mediocre britannico Blaine Logsdon. Dopo di ciò, a trent'anni, ha abbandonato il pugilato agonistico.

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Pugili jugoslavi campioni del mondo


text:
BBC National Short Story Award is a British literary award for short stories. It was founded in 2005 by the NESTA (the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts) with support from BBC Radio 4 and Prospect magazine. The winner receives  for a single short-story. The award was originally known as 'National Short Story Award' and renamed to 'BBC' starting in 2008 to reflect the current sponsor.

The award has been called the richest prize in the world for a single short story, however the Sunday Times EFG Private Bank Short Story Award is greater at .

Normally the award is open to British authors only, in 2012 the award was opened to a global audience for one year only in honour of the 2012 Summer Olympics which were hosted in London.

Winners
2006 – "An Anxious Man", James Lasdun
2007 – "The Orphan and the Mob", Julian Gough
2008 – "The Numbers", Clare Wigfall
2009 – "The Not-Dead and the Saved", Kate Clanchy
2010 – "Tea at the Midland", David Constantine
2011 – "The Dead Roads", D. W. Wilson
2012 – "East of the West", Miroslav Penkov
2013 – "Mrs Fox'', Sarah Hall
2014 – "Kilifi Creek", Lionel Shriver
2015 – "Briar Road", Jonathan Buckley
2016 – "Disappearances", K. J. Orr
2017 – "The Edge of the Shoal", Cynan Jones
2018 – "The Sweet Sop", Ingrid Persaud
2019 – "The Invisible", Jo Lloyd
2020 – "The Grotesques", Sarah Hall
2021 – "All the People Were Mean and Bad", Lucy Caldwell
2022 – "Blue 4eva", Saba Sams

References

External links
BBC National Short Story Award

British literary awards
Awards established in 2005
Short story awards
BBC awards
2005 establishments in the United Kingdom


text:
Der Heilbronner Güterbahnhof (offizielle Bezeichnung bis 1985: Heilbronn Rangierbahnhof, umgangssprachlich oft Böckinger Rangierbahnhof genannt) ist ein Rangierbahnhof der Deutschen Bahn in Heilbronn.

Geografie

Der Bahnhof liegt zwischen dem Heilbronner Ortsteil Böckingen und dem Neckar. Er grenzt im Osten an die Eisenbahnstrecke Stuttgart–Heilbronn (Frankenbahn) und im Norden an die Strecke Karlsruhe–Heilbronn (Kraichgaubahn).
Das Bahngelände erstreckt sich über eine Länge von 2 km und eine maximale Breite von 500 m und umfasst 26 Gleise. Am südlichen Ende der Anlage befindet sich der Ablaufberg.

Bis zum 24. September 1995 existierte ein Verbindungsgleis zwischen der Kraichgaubahn und dem Güterbahnhof. Das Gleis verlief zwischen dem ehemaligen Bahnbetriebswerk Heilbronn und der Leonhardstraße, kreuzte die Ludwigsburger Straße und mündete schließlich in die Kraichgaubahn. Über diese Verbindung konnten Güterzüge von und nach Karlsruhe ohne Rangieren direkt in den Güterbahnhof einfahren oder ausfahren.

Geschichte

Aufgrund des starken Zuwachses im Schienengüterverkehr wurde bereits 1884 seitens der Königlich Württembergischen Staats-Eisenbahnen (K.W.St.E.) der Bau eines vom Personenverkehr separierten Rangierbahnhofs für Heilbronn in Erwägung gezogen. Heilbronn lag 1896 nach Stuttgart an zweiter Stelle im Eisenbahngüterverkehr in Württemberg. Die elf Gleise des Heilbronner Hauptbahnhofs reichten für diese Gütermengen nicht mehr aus.

Aufgrund der Lage Heilbronns im Neckartal war es schwierig, ein geeignetes Gelände ausfindig zu machen, auf dem eine entsprechend große Anlage gebaut werden konnte. Darum musste man auf die Gemarkung der damals selbstständigen Gemeinde Böckingen ausweichen.

Der Bau des Rangierbahnhofs wurde am 10. Mai 1890 per Gesetz beschlossen, und am 24. Juni 1890 wurde mit dem Bau begonnen. Die Gleise der Strecke Stuttgart–Heilbronn mussten nach Osten verlegt werden, wobei der obere Böckinger See verkleinert wurde. Der "untere" See war bereits 1873–1884 ausgetrocknet und aufgefüllt worden, der "obere" See wurde der Gemeinde Böckingen vom württembergischen Staat im Jahre 1881 zur Nutzung übereignet. Der neue Bahnhof wurde im Oktober 1896 eröffnet, erst am 29. Februar 1897 waren die Bauarbeiten weitgehend abgeschlossen.

Für Böckingen waren die weiten Anlagen des Bahnhofs ein gewisses Entwicklungshemmnis, und der Lärm rief bei den Anwohnern immer wieder Ärger hervor. Der Ablaufberg des Bahnhofs besaß keine optischen Signale, so dass der Lokführer mittels eines akustischen Hornsignals geleitet wurde. Durch den Rangierbetrieb sah man die Totenruhe im angrenzenden alten Friedhof bei der Pankratiuskirche gefährdet, so dass bis 1906 ein neuer Friedhof am nördlichen Ortsende errichtet wurde.

1932 gingen durchschnittlich acht Güterzüge mit jeweils rund 50 Waggons durch den Bahnhof ein und aus. Als 1935 der Heilbronner Kanalhafen fertiggestellt wurde, stieß der Bahnhof öfter an seine Leistungsgrenzen. Bis nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg rollten in Spitzenzeiten bis zu 2000 Waggons täglich durch den Bahnhof.

Bei den schweren Bombenangriffen auf Heilbronn und Böckingen zwischen September 1944 und März 1945 wurde der Rangierbahnhof häufig getroffen und schwer beschädigt.

Bereits 1949 verließen wieder 1500 Waggons den Bahnhof, weshalb es Überlegungen gab, zwischen dem Haltepunkt Heilbronn-Sülmertor und dem Bahnhof Neckarsulm einen größeren Rangierbahnhof zu bauen und die Anlage in Böckingen aufzugeben. Dieses Projekt wurde jedoch nie realisiert.

Da besonders im Herbst zur Rübenkampagne die Gleisanlagen in Böckingen nicht mehr ausreichten, wurden 1975 im Süden des Bahnhofs parallel zur Frankenbahn in Richtung Stuttgart drei Gleise mit je 750 m Länge gebaut. Dieser so genannte Vorbahnhof (offiziell: Bahnhofsteil Heilbronn-Klingenberg) dient bis in die Gegenwart zum Umspannen von Lokomotiven für einen Fahrtrichtungswechsel sowie als Erweiterung des Rangierbahnhofs.

Im Bereich der südlichen Einfahrt in den Vorbahnhof kam es am 12. August 1984 zu einem schweren Eisenbahnunfall, als ein Nachtschnellzug einen Gleiswechsel mit zu hoher Geschwindigkeit befuhr. Drei Menschen starben, 35 wurden schwer und 21 leicht verletzt.

Über den Bahnhof fuhren Durchgangsgüterzüge der Relation Mannheim–Nürnberg, die hier Richtung sowie Lokomotive wechselten.

Heutige Bedeutung

Mit der immer stärkeren Verlagerung von Gütern auf die Straße nahm die Bedeutung des Heilbronner Rangierbahnhofs immer mehr ab. Mit Wirkung zum 2. Juni 1985 wurde er daher als "Heilbronn Güterbahnhof" in einen Satelliten des Rangierbahnhofs Kornwestheim umgewandelt. Seitdem erstrecken sich die Rangieraufgaben nur noch auf den lokalen Bereich.

Die wichtigsten Güter stellen Kohle, Salz und Automobile dar. Daneben werden noch Mineralöle, Chemikalien, Holz, Zementklinker, Schrott sowie Metalle über den Bahnhof transportiert. Die benötigten Güterwagen bringen vier Züge am Tag von Kornwestheim Rangierbahnhof nach Heilbronn.

DB Cargo Deutschland beschäftigt in Heilbronn 30 Mitarbeiter und ist für die Zusammenstellung der Züge sowie das Verteilen der Güterwagen an die Kunden zuständig. Hierfür wurden 2008 15 der 26 Gleise des Güterbahnhofs benötigt.

Jährlich durchlaufen den Bahnhof rund 90.000 Güterwagen, wovon rund 18.000 auf die Industrie- und Hafenbahn Heilbronn entfallen. Der Großteil der Kunden befindet sich im Stadtgebiet Heilbronn. Weitere Kunden liegen in Walheim, Öhringen und Bad Friedrichshall.

Literatur
 Roland Rösch: Die Eisenbahn in Böckingen. In: Christhard Schrenk (Hrsg.): Böckingen am See – Ein Heilbronner Stadtteil gestern und heute. Stadt Heilbronn, Heilbronn 1998, ISBN 3-928990-65-9

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Guterbahnhof
Rangierbahnhof in Deutschland
Bauwerk in Böckingen
Frankenbahn
Güterbahnhof


text:
Die GP2-Serie 2012 war die achte Saison der GP2-Serie. Es wurden zwölf Rennwochenenden ausgetragen. Die Saison begann am 24. März in Sepang und endete am 23. September in Singapur. Davide Valsecchi gewann die Fahrerwertung.

2012 fand erstmals seit 2007 nicht mehr die GP2-Asia-Serie statt. Stattdessen trat die GP2-Serie wieder außerhalb Europas an.

Regeländerungen

Technische Änderungen
Ab der Saison 2012 werden in der GP2-Serie zwei Reifenmischungen angeboten. Wie bisher stehen den Fahrern vier Sätze pro Wochenende zur Verfügung. Davon sind drei von der härteren und einer von der weicheren Mischung. Im Sprintrennen müssen die härteren Reifen verwendet werden, ansonsten dürften die Teams frei entscheiden, wann welcher Reifen zum Einsatz kommt.

Sportliche Änderungen
Das Punktesystem im Hauptrennen orientiert sich ab der Saison 2012 wieder an dem der FIA, das auch in der Formel 1 verwendet wird. Es werden 25-18-15-12-10-8-6-4-2-1 Punkte an die ersten zehn Piloten vergeben. Im Sprintrennen bekommen die ersten acht Fahrer 15-12-10-8-6-4-2-1 Punkte. Zusätzlich gibt es vier Punkte für den Gewinner des Qualifyings, sowie jeweils zwei Bonuspunkte für den Fahrer, der von den ersten zehn klassifizierten Fahrern die schnellste Rennrunde erzielt.

Teams und Fahrer
Alle Teams und Fahrer verwendeten das Dallara-Chassis GP2/11, Motoren von Renault-Mecachrome und Reifen von Pirelli.

Änderungen bei den Fahrern
Die folgende Auflistung enthält alle Fahrer, die an der GP2-Serie 2011 teilgenommen haben und in der Saison 2012 nicht für dasselbe Team wie 2011 starteten.

Fahrer, die ihr Team gewechselt haben:
 Johnny Cecotto jr.: Ocean Racing Technology → Barwa Addax Team
 Dani Clos: Racing Engineering → Barwa Addax Team
 Stefano Coletti: Trident Racing → Scuderia Coloni
 Giedo van der Garde: Barwa Addax Team → Caterham Racing
 Rodolfo González: Trident Racing → Caterham Racing
 Josef Král: Arden International → Barwa Addax Team
 Julian Leal: Rapax → Trident Racing
 Fabio Leimer: Rapax → Racing Engineering
 Jolyon Palmer: Arden International → iSport International
 Luiz Razia: Caterham Team AirAsia → Arden International
 Davide Valsecchi: Caterham Team AirAsia → DAMS

Fahrer, die in die GP2-Serie einsteigen bzw. zurückkehren:
 Nathanaël Berthon: Formel Renault 3.5 (ISR) → Racing Engineering
 René Binder: Deutscher Formel-3-Cup (Jo Zeller Racing) → Venezuela GP Lazarus
 Sergio Canamasas: Formel Renault 3.5 (BVM Target) → Venezuela GP Lazarus
 James Calado: GP3-Serie (Lotus ART) → Lotus GP
 Fabrizio Crestani: Auto GP (Lazarus) → Venezuela GP Lazarus
 Tom Dillmann: GP3-Serie (Addax Team) → Rapax
 Víctor Guerin: Italienische Formel-3-Meisterschaft (Lucidi Motors) → Ocean Racing Technology
 Rio Haryanto: GP3-Serie (Marussia Manor Racing) → Carlin
 Daniël de Jong: Formel Renault 3.5 (Comtec Racing) → Rapax
 Jon Lancaster: Auto GP (SuperNova) → Ocean Racing Technology
 Nigel Melker: GP3-Serie (RSC Mücke Motorsport) → Ocean Racing Technology
 Felipe Nasr: Britische Formel-3-Meisterschaft (Carlin) → DAMS
 Fabio Onidi: Auto GP (Lazarus) → Scuderia Coloni
 Jake Rosenzweig: Formel Renault 3.5 (Mofaz Racing) → Barwa Addax Team
 Giancarlo Serenelli: LATAM Challenge Series (Re Racing) → Venezuela GP Lazarus
 Ricardo Teixeira: Formel-1-Testfahrer (Team Lotus) → Rapax
 Simon Trummer: GP3-Serie (MW Arden) → Arden International

Fahrer, die die GP2-Serie verlassen haben:
 Michail Aljoschin: Carlin → Formel Renault 3.5 (RFR)
 Jules Bianchi: Lotus ART → Formel Renault 3.5 (Tech 1 Racing)
 Sam Bird: iSport International → Formel Renault 3.5 (ISR)
 Adam Carroll: Super Nova Racing → FIA-GT1-Weltmeisterschaft (Belgian Audi Club Team WRT)
 Kevin Ceccon: Scuderia Coloni → GP3-Serie (Ocean Racing Technology)
 Fairuz Fauzy: Super Nova Racing → keine Rennsportaktivität 2012
 Romain Grosjean: DAMS → Formel 1 (Lotus F1 Team)
 Michael Herck: Scuderia Coloni → keine Rennsportaktivität 2012
 Kevin Mirocha: Ocean Racing Technology → FIA-Formel-2-Meisterschaft
 Álvaro Parente: Carlin → FIA-GT1-Weltmeisterschaft (Hexis Racing)
 Charles Pic: Barwa Addax Team → Formel 1 (Marussia F1 Team)
 Davide Rigon: Scuderia Coloni → Blancpain Endurance Series (Kessel Racing)
 Oliver Turvey: Carlin → Formel-1-Testfahrer (Vodafone McLaren Mercedes)
 Pål Varhaug: DAMS → Auto GP (Virtuosi Racing UK)
 Christian Vietoris: Racing Engineering → DTM (HWA AG)

Änderungen bei den Teams
 Das Caterham Team AirAsia tritt ab der Saison 2012 als Caterham Racing an.
 ART Grand Prix drückt die Verbindung zum Automobilhersteller Lotus ab der Saison 2012 deutlicher aus und meldete das Team anstelle von Lotus ART als Lotus GP. Anstatt der Lackierung im British Racing Green trat das Team wie alle Lotus-Werksteams 2012 mit schwarz-goldenem Farbschema an.
 Super Nova Racing stieg zur neuen Saison aus der GP2-Serie aus. Das Team trat von 1994 bis 2004 in der Formel 3000 an und gehörte zu den Teams, die seit der Gründung der GP2-Serie 2005 in jeder Saison dabei waren. Der Startplatz wurde für die Saison 2012 und 2013 an das italienische Team Lazarus, das bisher in der Auto GP aktiv war, vergeben. Das Team tritt unter dem Namen Venezuela GP Lazarus an.

Rennkalender

2012 fanden zwölf Rennwochenenden statt, acht davon in Europa. Erstmals wurde ein GP2-Rennwochenende auf dem Marina Bay Street Circuit in Singapur ausgetragen. Die Rennen in Sepang und as-Sachir kehrten in den Rennkalender zurück, allerdings fanden erstere erstmals im Rahmen der Hauptserie statt. Zuvor waren beide Veranstaltungen im Kalender der GP2-Asia-Serie. Das deutsche Rennen wechselte vom Nürburgring zurück nach Hockenheim. Bis auf die dritte Veranstaltung in as-Sachir fanden alle Rennwochenenden im Rahmen der Formel-1-Grand-Prix-Wochenenden statt. Der Istanbul Park Circuit wurde aus dem Rennkalender gestrichen und auch auf dem Yas Marina Circuit und dem Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari, wo 2011 GP2-Rennen waren, wurde keine Veranstaltung ausgetragen.

Alle Hauptrennen fanden am Samstag, und alle Sprintrennen am Sonntag statt. Eine Ausnahme bildete die Veranstaltung in Monaco, wo das Haupt- am Freitag und das Sprintrennen am Samstag ausgetragen wurden.

Wertung

Punktesystem
Beim Hauptrennen (HAU) bekamen die ersten zehn des Rennens 25, 18, 15, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2 bzw. 1 Punkt(e). Beim Sprintrennen (SPR) erhielten die ersten acht des Rennens 15, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2 bzw. 1 Punkt(e). Zusätzlich erhielt der Gewinner des Qualifyings, der im Hauptrennen von der Pole-Position startet, vier Punkte. Der Fahrer, der von den ersten zehn klassifizierten Fahrern die schnellste Rennrunde erzielte, erhielt zwei Punkte.

Fahrerwertung

Teamwertung

 Die Scuderia Coloni wurde zum Rennwochenende in Silverstone aus der Teamwertung genommen und ist für die gesamte Saison rückwirkend nicht punkteberechtigt. Auslöser war die Ausstiegsankündigung von Coloni zum Saisonende.

Einzelnachweise

2012
Motorsportsaison 2012


text:
Фёдор Бухгольц:
 Бухгольц, Фёдор Владимирович (1872—1924) — миколог, профессор Рижского политехнического института.
 Бухгольц, Фёдор Фёдорович (1857—1942) — художник.


text:
Мис Отранто (), або Пунта Палашія () — найсхідніше місце в Італії, знаходиться в муніципалітеті Отранто, що в провінції Лечче.

Згідно з морськими конвенціями мис відокремлює Адріатичне і Іонічне моря. Маяк, що на ньому розташований, є одним з п'яти маяків Середземного моря, які захищені Європейською Комісією. Місце є привабливим для туристів, особливо в новорічну ніч, коли велика кількість людей приїздить, щоб першими зустріти схід сонця нового року на території Італії.

Спроба перебудови маяка
2006 року ВМС Італії презентували громадськості проєкт перебудови навігаційного комплексу задля його розширення з метою зміцнення військового гарнізону. Проте мешканці міста та екологи з цим не погодилися.

За словами Лучіано Каридді (станом на 2007 — мер Отранто):

26 лютого 2008 року регіональний офіс паркової служби області Апулія заявив, що таке втручання є «несумісним з законодавством регіону».

Примітки

Миси Італії


text:
ATP Challenger Tour 2022 este circuitul secundar profesionist de tenis organizat de ATP. Calendarul ATP Challenger Tour 2022 cuprinde 184 de turnee cu premii în bani cuprinse între 37.520 USD și 159.360 USD. Este cea de-a 45-a ediție a ciclului de turnee Challenger și a 14-a sub numele de Challenger Tour.

Lista cronologică a turneelor
Acesta este programul complet al evenimentelor din calendarul 2022, cu progresia jucătorilor documentată din etapa sferturilor de finală.

Ianuarie

Februarie

Martie

Aprilie

Mai

Iunie

Iulie

August

Septembrie

Octombrie

Noiembrie

Informații statistice

Titluri per țară

Distribuția punctelor
Punctele se acordă după cum urmează::

See also
 Circuitul ATP 2022
 Turnee WTA 125 2022

Note

Referințe

Legături externe
 Official website
 Calendar

2022 în tenis
2022


text:
We're an American Band je sedmé studiové album americké skupiny Grand Funk Railroad, vydané v červenci 1973 na značce Capitol Records. Album produkoval Todd Rundgren a bylo prvním, na kterém se objevil Craig Frost jako plnoprávný člen skupiny.

Seznam stop
 "We're an American Band" (Brewer) – 3:27
 "Stop Lookin' Back" (Brewer/Farner) – 4:52
 "Creepin'" (Farner) – 7:02
 "Black Licorice" (Brewer/Farner) – 4:45
 "The Railroad" (Farner) – 6:12
 "Ain't Got Nobody" (Brewer/Farner) – 4:26
 "Walk Like a Man" (Brewer/Farner) – 4:05
 "Loneliest Rider" (Farner) – 5:17

bonusy na reedici z roku 2002:
 "Hooray" (Brewer/Farner) – 4:05
 "The End" (Brewer/Farner) – 4:11
 "Stop Lookin' Back (Acoustic Mix)" (Brewer/Farner) – 3:04
 "We're an American Band [2002 Remix]" (Brewer) – 3:32

Obsazení
 Mark Farner – kytara, zpěv
 Don Brewer – bicí, zpěv
 Mel Schacher – baskytara
 Craig Frost – klávesy

Reference

Alba Grand Funk Railroad
Alba z roku 1973
Alba, která produkoval Todd Rundgren
Alba Capitol Records


text:
Cergy je severozahodno predmestje Pariza in občina v osrednji francoski regiji Île-de-France, prefektura departmaja Val-d'Oise. Leta 2010 je imelo naselje 56.988 prebivalcev.

Geografija
Naselje leži v osrednji Franciji ob reki Oise, 28 km severozahodno od središča Pariza. Je del v 60. letih nastalega novega mesta Cergy-Pontoise.

Administracija
Čeprav je sosednji Pontoise uradna prefektura departmaja Val-d'Oise, pa se tako zgradba kot administracija nahajata znotraj občine Cergy, s čimer se le-ta upošteva kot dejanski sedež prefekture departmaja.

Cergy je sedež dveh kantonov:
 Kanton Cergy-Jug (del občine Cergy, občina Éragny: 32.436 prebivalcev),
 Kanton Cergy-Sever (del občine Cergy, občine Boissy-l'Aillerie, Osny, Puiseux-Pontoise: 59.881 prebivalcev).

Zgodovina
Ime kraja prihaja prihaja iz srednjeveške latinskega Sergiacuma v pomenu imetje Sergiusa; slednji naj bi bil galoromanski vojak in lastnik zemljišča.

Ob izbiri za središče »novega mesta« je bil Cergy le vas z nekaj manj kot 3.000 prebivalci v letu 1968, nakar je doživel hiter razvoj. Sredi 70-ih je štel tako preko 10.000, v začetku 80-ih 20.000, do leta 1990 pa je že prekoračil številko 48.000. Od tedaj dalje naselje še vedno raste, vendar bistveno počasneje.

Pobratena mesta
 Columbia, Maryland (ZDA),
 Erkrath (Nemčija),
 Liaoyang (Ljudska republika Kitajska),
 Porto Novo (Benin),
 Tres Cantos (Španija),
 West Lancashire (Združeno kraljestvo).

Glej tudi
 seznam mest v Franciji

Zunanje povezave

Občine departmaja Val-d'Oise
Prefekture Francije
Mesta departmaja Val-d'Oise
Predmestja Pariza


text:
Ки́ра Ива́новна Оболе́нская (, , Влодавский уезд,  — , , Новгородская область) — русская княжна, преподаватель, деятель Александро-Невского братства.

Канонизирована Русской православной церковью в лике новомучеников и исповедников Российских в 2003 году.

Биография
Родилась 6 марта 1889 года в родовитой, но обедневшей семье князей Оболенских. Отец, Иван Дмитриевич, был офицером. Мать — Елизавета Георгиевна (в девичестве Ольдерогге).

По достижении 10-летнего возраста Кира была привезена отцом в Санкт-Петербург для определения в Смольный институт благородных девиц, являвшийся традиционным местом обучения лиц дворянского происхождения: «Желая дочь мою, княжну Киру Ивановну Оболенскую, определить на собственном иждивении в Николаевскую половину Смольного института, — писал он в своем прошении, — прошу Совет учинить о том распоряжение на основании прилагаемых документов».

26 мая 1904 года успешно, с серебряной медалью, заканчивает институт благородных девиц. Первые шесть лет по окончании Смольного она дает частные уроки в качестве домашней учительницы. Впоследствии учительство стало главным занятием её жизни. Занималась частной преподавательской деятельностью. В 1910 году она стала учительницей в бесплатной школе для бедных, а также преподавала в ряде других школ города.

В сентябре 1916 года поступила на высшие курсы французского языка, которые окончила в мае 1917 года. С 1918—1930 годы работала преподавателем и библиотекарем в 32-й, 84-й и 73-й школах Санкт-Петербурга. Принимала активное участие в деятельности Александро-Невского братства.

По воспоминаниям её племянницы, Киры Литовченко:

В праздники и по будням, когда только могла, приходила в нашу квартиру на Сергиевской любимая тётя Кира. Она была тёплый, добрый, милый, ласковый и «уютный» человек. Одевалась скромно, голос у неё был мягкий, негромкий. Болезни и беды в нашей семье были и её бедами.

Библиотекаря 73-й школы Оболенскую арестовали 14 сентября 1930 года. Об освобождении хлопотала сестра Ленина Анна, знавшая её до революции как учителя в посёлке «Самопомощь» на станции Саблино. Но на допросах Оболенская отвечала прямо:

Я не отношу себя к разряду людей, разделяющих платформу Советской власти…"

Мои разногласия с Конституцией советской начинаются от вопроса об отделении церкви от государства… Раскулачивание считаю мерой несправедливой по отношению к крестьянству, карательную политику Советской власти, как террор и пр., считаю неприемлемыми для гуманного и цивилизованного государства… Никаких к. р. группировок, организаций или отдельных лиц, активно враждебно настроенных к Советской власти, я не знаю, но одновременно заявляю, что называть какие бы то ни было фамилии, если бы речь шла об их причастности к политическому криминалу против Сов. власти, считаю недостойным себя, ибо знаю, что это в условиях советской действительности навлекло бы для них неприятности, вроде арестов, высылок и т. п.

Ей дали пять лет лагерей. На Беломорстрое Кира Оболенская работала в лагерной больнице. Была переведена в Свирлаг.

В 1934 году освобождена. В 1936 году поселилась в Боровичах, преподавала немецкий язык в школе.

20 октября 1937 года Киру Оболенскую арестовали.

10 декабря 1937 года решением ленинградской Особой тройки НКВД, в составе чекистов Л. М. Заковского, его заместителя В. Н. Гарина (сын священника) и прокурора области Б. П. Позерна она была приговорена к расстрелу в порядке выполнения решений Политбюро ВКП(б) о борьбе с остатками капиталистических классов.

18 декабря Бранинов и комендант оперсектора Рогозин оформили по накопившимся предписаниям общий акт о том, что 89 человек расстреляны 17 декабря 1937 года. Место погребения не найдено.

Канонизация
7 мая 2003 года Священный синод Русской православной церкви причислил Киру Оболенскую к лику святых новомучеников и исповедников Российских.

Примечания

Литература
 Ленинградский мартиролог, 1937—1938: Книга памяти жертв политических репрессий. Т. 5. 1937 год. — СПб., 2002. — С. 138.
 Нестор (Кумыш), иером. Новомученики Санкт-Петербургской епархии. — СПб.: Сатис, Держава. 2003. — С. 232—244.
 Новомученица княжна Кира Ивановна Оболенская // Церковный Вестник. 2003. — № 5. — С. 9.

Ссылки
 Сестра милосердия. 17 декабря 1937 года была расстреляна Кира Ивановна Оболенская
 Княжна Кира Ивановна Оболенская
 Оболенская Кира Ивановна // Новомученики и Исповедники Русской Православной Церкви XX века

Выпускницы Смольного института
Преподаватели
Кира Ивановна
Репрессированные в СССР
Расстрелянные в РСФСР
Новомученики и исповедники Церкви Русской
Казнённые в 1937 году


text:
Osiek – wieś w Polsce położona w województwie lubuskim, w powiecie strzelecko-drezdeneckim, w gminie Dobiegniew.

W latach 1975–1998 miejscowość należała administracyjnie do województwa gorzowskiego.

Zabytki
Do wojewódzkiego rejestru zabytków wpisane są:
 zespół pałacowy, z połowy XIX wieku:
 pałac
 biurowiec
 park
 3 cmentarze powojenne.

Przypisy


text:
Abdirizak Haji Hussein (ur. 24 grudnia 1924 w Galcaio, zm. 31 stycznia 2014 w Minneapolis) – premier Somalii od 14 czerwca 1964 do 15 lipca 1967.

W 1943 był jednym z założycieli Ligi Młodzieży Somalii (SYL). Przywódca jej radykalnego skrzydła i dwukrotny przewodniczący tej partii (1945–1954 i 1956–1958), przebywał na emigracji w Egipcie w latach 1953–1956. W 1958 założył Ligę Wielkiej Somalii (od 1961 Somalijska Unia Demokratyczna).

Bibliografia

 Who's who in the Arab World 2007–2008, wydanie 18, Berlin 2007, s. 397.
 rulers.org (dostęp: 1 lutego 2014).
 Former Somali Prime Minister dies in Mpls., portal kare11.com, 31 stycznia 2014 (dostęp: 1 lutego 2014).

Politycy Ligi Młodzieży Somalii
Premierzy Somalii
Urodzeni w 1924
Zmarli w 2014


text:
Le canton de Sceaux est une ancienne division administrative française située dans le département des Hauts-de-Seine et la région Île-de-France.

Géographie

Histoire

La canton de Sceaux est créé en 1800, au sein de l'arrondissement de Sceaux et du département de la Seine. L'arrêté du 25 fructidor an IX () fixe les communes qui y sont rattachées : Antony, Bagneux, Bourg-la-Reine, Châtenay-Malabry, Châtillon, Clamart, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Issy-les-Moulineaux, Montrouge, Le Plessis-Robinson (alors dénommé Plessis-Piquet), Sceaux, Vanves et Vaugirard.

Par la loi du , les limites de Paris sont étendues. Les communes de Vaugirard et Grenelle (créée en 1830) ainsi qu'une partie de Montrouge sont intégrées dans la capitale.

Par la loi du 13 avril 1893, de nouveaux cantons sont formés. Le canton est amputé de sa partie nord-ouest, avec la création du canton de Vanves (Châtillon, Issy-les-Moulineaux, Malakoff (créée en 1883) et Vanves).

Conseillers généraux des anciens cantons de Sceaux :

Canton de Sceaux

 (Bagneux, Montrouge) :

 (Antony, Bourg-la-Reine, Châtenay-Malabry, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Le Plessis-Robinson) :

Administration

Composition
Le canton de Sceaux recouvrait la commune de Sceaux, ainsi que le nord de la commune de Châtenay-Malabry. Le sud de Châtenay-Malabry était inclus dans le canton de Châtenay-Malabry.

|-
| Châtenay-Malabry, commune entière || align="right" |  || align="right" |  || align="right" | 92 019
|-
| Sceaux || align="right" |  || align="right" |  || align="right" | 92 071
|}

Démographie

Pour approfondir

Articles connexes
 Hauts-de-Seine
 Arrondissements des Hauts-de-Seine
 Cantons des Hauts-de-Seine
 Communes des Hauts-de-Seine
 Liste des conseillers généraux des Hauts-de-Seine

Liens externes

Notes et références

Sceaux


text:
Луккі Теджамукті (нар. 12 червня 1967) — колишня індонезійська тенісистка.
Найвищу одиночну позицію світового рейтингу — 418 місце досягла 30 вересня 1991, парну — 314 місце — 23 вересня 1991 року.
Здобула 2 парні титули туру ITF.

Фінали ITF

Парний розряд (2–3)

Посилання

Індонезійські тенісистки
Народились 1967
Призери Азійських ігор з тенісу


text:
Casalpusterlengo ist eine Stadt mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) in der Provinz Lodi in der italienischen Region Lombardei.

Die Nachbargemeinden sind Brembio, Codogno, Ospedaletto Lodigiano, Secugnago, Somaglia, Terranova dei Passerini und Turano Lodigiano.

In Casalpusterlengo arbeitete der Unilever-Mitarbeiter, der in der italienischen Corona-Pandemie 2020 als "Patient Nr. 1" ausgemacht worden ist. Der Ort wurde zur roten Zone erklärt.

Ortsteile
Im Gemeindegebiet liegen neben dem Hauptort die Fraktionen Vittadone und Zorlesco, sowie die Wohnplätze Barona, Borasca e Boraschina, Buongodere, Olza und Tesoro.

Söhne und Töchter der Stadt
 Francesco Agello (1902–1942), Testpilot
 Pietro Arcari (1909–1988), Fußballspieler
 Bassano Staffieri (1931–2018), römisch-katholischer Bischof
 Anna Maria Tarantola (* 1945), Managerin

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in der Lombardei


text:
Forensic Services (SCD 4) is a unit of the Metropolitan Police of London, England. Part of the Specialist Crime Directorate, their duties range from evidence recovery following burglaries to anti-terrorism work. It is divided into six units:

Forensic Services Command Unit for Territorial Policing is responsible for the examination of all crime scenes. The 32 London Boroughs are divided into four "Links", with each Link covering eight boroughs. A "Borough Forensic Manager" has a team of "Assistant Forensic Practitioners" (AFPs) who examine crime scenes and support "Crime Scene Managers" at more serious crime scenes, such as murder. A Forensic Intelligence Unit links evidence recovered from different crime scenes.
Forensic Investigation - Specialist Crime conducts forensic investigations of homicide, armed robbery and any other crime that falls within the remit of SCD.
Specialist Evidence Recovery Imaging Services provides photographic services to the Met Police. It responds to major crime scenes, terrorist events and public order and CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear) incidents.
The Fingerprint Bureau compares finger and palm marks from crime scenes against offender databases, arrestee fingerprints against databases of unidentified marks, and fingerprints of suspects specified by investigating officers. The Bureau is responsible for archiving material from investigations and is also responsible for comparing the fingerprints of all arrestees in London in order to establish their identity. The Bureau also retrieves finger and palm marks by chemical and physical means and co-ordinates fingerprint evidence for presentation in court.
The Evidence Recovery Unit provides chemical treatment prior to fingerprint, DNA and firearms examinations and use of specialised photographic lighting techniques.
The Counter-Terrorism Team is responsible for retrieving evidence from terrorist activities.

References

Metropolitan Police units


text:
Das Justizamt Bischhausen war von 1822 bis 1866 ein Justizamt, also ein Gericht erster Instanz im Kurfürstentum Hessen mit Sitz in Bischhausen.

Geschichte
In Bischhausen bestand im HRR das Amt Bischhausen der Landgrafschaft Hessen-Kassel. Dieses war gleichzeitig Verwaltungsbehörde und Eingangsgericht. Zwischen 1806 und 1813 war Bischhausen Teil des Königreichs Westphalen. Die Verwaltungsaufgaben übernahm hier der Kanton Bischhausen, Eingangsgericht war das Friedensgericht Bischhausen. Nach der Neubildung Kurhessens wurde das alte Amt Bischhausen wieder gebildet.

Mit Edikt vom 29. Juni 1821 wurden im Kurfürstentum Hessen Verwaltung und Justiz voneinander getrennt. Die staatliche Verwaltung wurde auf unterer Ebene auf Kreise übertragen, für die Rechtsprechung eine dreistufige, landeseinheitlich Gerichtsorganisation geschaffen, die allerdings in begrenzten Gebietsteilen des Kurfürstentums noch bis in die Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts von standesherrlicher und Patrimonialgerichtsbarkeit durchbrochen war.

Bischhausen wurde in Bezug auf die Verwaltung Teil des Landkreises Eschwege, die Gerichtsfunktionen übernahm das Justizamt Bischhausen. Es war dem Obergericht für die Provinz Niederhessen nachgeordnet.

Nach dem Aussterben der Linie Hessen-Rotenburg im Jahr 1834 wurden die dortigen Justizämter in kurhessische Justizämter überführt. Am 1. Januar 1837 wurde der Gerichtssprengel des Justizamtes Bischhausen um drei Gemeinden verkleinert, die an die ehemalig fürstlich-Rotenburgischen Justizämter Sontra und Wanfried abgegeben wurden.

Danach umfasste der Gerichtsbezirk folgende Gemeinden: Bischhausen, Burghofen, Eltmannsee, Friemen, Gehau, Hetzerode, Hoheneiche, Kirchhosbach, Mäckelsdorf, Mitterode, Oetmannshausen, Rechtebach, Schemmern, Stadthosbach, Thurnhosbach, Waldkappel und Wichmannshausen.

Mit der Annexion Kurhessens durch Preußen 1866 wurden in der neuen Provinz Hessen-Nassau Amtsgerichte eingerichtet. Das Justizamt Bischhausen wurde entsprechend in das Amtsgericht Bischhausen umgewandelt.

Literatur
 Eckhart G. Franz, Hanns Hubert Hofmann, Meinhard Schaab: Gerichtsorganisation in Baden-Württemberg, Bayern und Hessen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert = Akademie für Raumforschung und Landesplanung: Beiträge, Band 100 = Behördliche Raumorganisation seit 1800, Grundstudie 14. VSB Braunschweig, 1989, ISBN 3-88838-224-6, S. 194 f.

Einzelnachweise

Bischhausen
Waldkappel
Gegründet 1822
Aufgelöst 1866
Organisation (Werra-Meißner-Kreis)
Geschichte (Werra-Meißner-Kreis)


text:
William Harding of Baraset (1759–1822) was Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to George III, magistrate and deputy lieutenant of Warwickshire.
According to the BBC, he was born in 1760 and went to India as a civil servant in the East India Company.

References

1759 births
1822 deaths
People from Warwickshire (before 1974)
Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber


text:
The 2011 Aktobe bombing was a terrorist attack in the city of Aktobe, Kazakhstan on 17 May 2011. The attacker entered the headquarters of the National Security Committee in the region and set off a suicide bomb, killing himself and injuring two others. Initially, the bombing was blamed on "organized crime" in what was considered the first mafia-related suicide bombing in history. Some newspapers said that , the bomber, was a member of an organized criminal group. However, Kazakhstani officials eventually conceded that the attack was probably linked to Islamic extremists in the oil-rich province. The attack marked the opening of a violent summer in Kazakhstan's west, during which multiple attacks claimed the lives of a combined 19 people.

See also
Terrorism and counterterrorism in Kazakhstan

References

2011 crimes in Kazakhstan
2011 Aktobe bombing
Islamic terrorism in Kazakhstan
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2011
May 2011 crimes
May 2011 events in Asia
Suicide bombings in 2011
Suicide bombings in Kazakhstan
Terrorist incidents in Kazakhstan in 2011


text:
Mistrovství Evropy ve vodním pólu je sportovní událost pro národní týmy ve vodním pólu, která se koná každá dva roky. Organizátorem mistrovství je Evropská plavecká liga (LEN), která sdružuje evropské plavecké federace.

První mistrovství Evropy se uskutečnily v roce 1926 v Budapešti, tehdy však pouze v mužské kategorii. Počátek ME žen se datuje do roku 1985, hostilo norské hlavní město Oslo. Do roku 1999 byl turnaj vodního póla součástí mistrovství Evropy v plaveckých sportech, od té doby se konají vodnopólové ME separátně.

Mužská kategorie

Výsledky

Medailové bilanci zemí

Ženská kategorie

Výsledky

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Reference


text:
I Feel You  este o piesă a formației britanice Depeche Mode. Piesa a apărut pe albumul Songs of Faith and Devotion, în 1993.

Cântece din 1993
Piese Depeche Mode


text:
Leow Thye Yih () is a Malaysian politician who served as Member of the Perak State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Pokok Assam from May 2018 to November 2022 and for Aulong from May 2013 to May 2018. He is an independent and was a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) and formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) opposition coalitions. He also served as the State Assistant Organising Secretary of DAP of Perak.

Education
He is a Bachelor of Optometry.

Political career

Resignation from DAP party positions to support Paul Yong
On 11 September 2019, he resigned as State Assistant Organising Secretary of DAP of Perak along with Malim Nawar MLA Leong Cheok Keng who resigned as Treasurer of DAP of Perak as a sign of support for Member of the Perak State Executive Council (EXCO) and Tronoh MLA Paul Yong Choo Kiong as State Chairman of DAP of Perak Nga Kor Ming wanted to remove Yong as an EXCO member after involving in a rapping case.

Rumours of leaving DAP for MCA
In early January 2021, there were rumours that he and Leong were leaving DAP to join the opposing Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), a component party of the ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition but they both denied. To reaffirm his denial, he signed a statutory declaration (SD) to serve as a DAP MLA for full term.

Leaving DAP to contest in the 2022 general election as an independent candidate
Two days before the Nomination Day of the 2022 general election and 2022 Perak state election on 3 November 2022, he left DAP after the party decided not to nominate him as a candidate in both the general election and the state election. He also announced his candidacy to contest for the Taiping federal seat as an independent candidate and called on Taiping voters to give him a chance to do more for Taiping. He explained that he left the party out of "desperation" to bring greater development to the area and to raise the standard of living of the Taiping people. He also hoped that voters would consider voting based on the performance of candidates instead of voting based on party lines. He faced his former party comrade and caretaker Member of Parliament (MP) for Ipoh Timor Wong Kah Woh who was nominated by DAP and PH to contest for the Taiping seat in the election. He also thanked DAP for nominating him to contest for the Aulong and Pokok Assam state seats in the 2013 and 2018 Perak state elections.He lost the election to Wong by a minority of 45,944 votes, garnering only 1,154 votes, which is 1.36% of the total votes and losing the deposit of RM 10,000. For the deposit to be refunded, he has to garner at least 10,597 votes, which is 12.5% of the total votes.

Election results

External links

References

Democratic Action Party (Malaysia) politicians
Members of the Perak State Legislative Assembly
Malaysian people of Chinese descent
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)