text:
Ars nova (în latină pentru arta noua) se referă la un stil muzical care a înflorit în Franța și în Țările Burgunde de jos în Evul mediu târziu: în special, în perioada cuprinsă între pregătirea Romanului de Fauvel (1310s) și moartea compozitorului Guillaume de Machaut în 1377. Termenul este uneori folosit pentru a se referi în general la toate polifoniile Europene ale muzicii secolului al 14-lea. De exemplu, denumirea "ars nova italiană" este uneori utilizată pentru a desemna muzica lui Francesco Landini și compatrioții săi (deși Muzica Trecentro este cel mai comun termen folosit pentru muzică în Italia).  "Ars" în "ars nova" poate fi citit ca "tehnică" sau "stil" Termenul a fost folosit pentru prima dată în două tratate muzicale, intitulate Ars novae musicae (Noua Tehnică muzicală) (aprox. 1320) de către Johannes de Muris, și o colecție de scrieri (aprox. 1322) atribuită lui Philippe de Vitry de multe ori numită astăzi simplu "Ars nova". Cu toate acestea, termenul a fost folosit doar pentru prima dată, pentru a descrie o epocă istorică de Johannes Wolf în 1904.

Termenul de "ars nova" este adesea folosit în juxtapunere cu un alt termen, "ars antiqua", care se referă la muzica din epoca imediat precedentă, de obicei extinzându-se înapoi incluzând perioada de polifonie a școlii Notre Dame (prin urmare, acoperind perioada de la aproximativ 1170 la 1320). Așadar,  "ars antiqua" este aproximativ, muzica secolului al xiii-lea, și "ars nova" muzica celui de al paisprezecelea; multe istorii muzicale utilizează termenii în sensul acesta general.

Perioada de la moartea lui Machaut (1377) până la începutul secolului al xv-lea, incluzând inovațiile ritmice ale ars subtilior, este uneori considerată parte a ars novei și, uneori, considerată o perioadă independentă. Alte perioade muzicale și stiluri au fost numite, în momente diferite "arta nouă" (Tinctoris a folosit termenul pentru a descrie Dunstaple), cu toate acestea, în utilizarea istoriografiei moderne, este limitat în totalitate perioadei descrisă mai sus.

Față de/Versus ars antiqua
Stilistic, muzica din ars nova se deosebește de epoca precedentă în mai multe moduri. Evoluții în notație au permis notelor să fie scrise cu o mai mare independență de ritm, ignorând limitele modurilor ritmice, care au prevalat în secolul al xiii-lea; muzică laică a dobândit mult din rafinamentul polifoniei, găsit anterior doar în muzica sacră; de asemenea, noile tehnici și forme, cum ar fi isorhytmul și motetul isoritmic, au devenit predominante. Efectul estetic general al acestor schimbări a fost crearea muzicii de o mai mare expresivitate și varietate decât a fost în secolul al XIII-lea. Într-adevăr, schimbările istorice subite care au avut loc, cu uimitorul grad de expresivitate muzicală nou, pot fi asemănate cu introducerea perspectivei în pictură, și este util să considerăm că modificările aduse artei muzicale în perioada ars nova au fost contemporane cu marile revoluții de la începutul Renașterii în pictură și literatură.

Cel mai renumit practicant al noului stil muzical a fost Guillaume de Machaut, care a avut de asemenea o carieră distinsă ca și compozitor la Catedrala din Reims și ca poet. Stilul Ars nova este evident în volumul său considerabil de motete, lais, virelais, rondeaux, și balade.

Spre sfârșitul secolului al xiv-lea s-a dezvoltat o nouă școală stilistică de compozitori și poeți centrată la Avignon , în sudul Franței; stilul extrem de manierat al acestei perioade este adesea numit ars subtilior, deși unii cercetători aleg să îl considere o dezvoltare târzie al ars novei, mai degrabă decât a-l cataloga ca o școală separată. Acest repertoriu muzical ciudat, dar interesant, limitat în distribuția geografică (sudul Franței, Aragon și mai târziu Cipru), și în mod clar destinat pentru performanță de către specialiști pentru un public de cunoscători, este ca o notă finală a întregului Ev mediu.

Discografie
 Cântări du xivème siècle. Mora Vocis Ansamblu. Franța: Mandala, 1999. De înregistrare CD-OM 4946.
 Denkmäler modifica Musik aus dem Codex Reina (14./15. Jh.). Syntagma Musicum (Kees Otten, dir.). Das Alte Werk. [N. p.]: Telefunken, 1979. LP înregistrare 6.42357.
 Domna. Esther Lamandier, voce, harpă, și portative de organe. Paris: Alienor, 1987. CD-ul de înregistrare AL 1019.
 La fontaine amoureuse: Poezie și Muzică de Guillaume de Machaut. Muzica pentru un Timp, cu Tom Klunis, narator. Berkeley: 1750 Arc Înregistrări, 1977. LP înregistrare 1773.
 Guillaume de Machaut. Je, Guillaumes Dessus Nommez. Ansamblul Gilles Binchois (Dominique Vellard, dir.). [N. p.]: Cantus, 2003. De înregistrare CD-uri 9804.
 Guillaume de Machaut. La Messe de Nostre Dame und Motetten. James Bowman, Tom Sutcliffe, contratenori; Capella Antiqua München (Konrad Ruhland, dir.). Das Alte Werk. Hamburg: Telefunken, 1970. LP înregistrare 6.41125 CA.
 Guillaume de Machaut. La messe de Nostre Dame; Le voir-dit. Oxford Camerata (Jeremy Summerly, dir.). Hong Kong: Naxos, 2004. De înregistrare CD-uri 8553833.
 Guillaume de Machaut. Messe de la Notre Dame. Ansamblul Organum (Marcel Pérès, dir.). Arles: Harmonia Mundi, 1997. De înregistrare CD-uri 901590.
 Guillaume de Machaut. Messe de la Notre Dame; Le lai de la fonteinne; D fin est mon începerea. Hilliard Ensemble (Paul Hillier, dir.). Londra: Hyperion, 1989.
 Guillaume de Machaut. Motete. Hilliard Ensemble. Munchen: ECM Records, 2004.
 Philippe De Vitry și Ars Nova—Motete. Orlando Consoarta. Wotton-Under-Edge, Glos., Anglia: Amon Ra, 1990. De înregistrare CD-uri CD-SAR 49.
 Philippe de Vitry. Motete Și Șansonete. Sequentia (Benjamin Bagby și Barbara Thornton, dir.) Freiburg: Deutsche Harmonia Mundi, 1991. De înregistrare CD-uri 77095-2-RC.
 Roman de Fauvel. Jean Bollery (difuzor), Studio der Frühen Musik (Thomas Binkley, dir.). Reflexe: Stationen europäischer Musik. Köln: EMI, 1972. LP înregistrare 1C 063-30 103.
 Le roman de Fauvel. Anne Azema (soprano, narațiune), Dominique Visse (countertenor, narațiune), Boston Camerata și Ansamblul Proiectului "Ars Nova" (Joel Cohen, dir.). Franța: Erato, 1995. De înregistrare CD-uri 4509-96392-2.
 Serviciul de Venus și Marte: Muzica pentru Cavalerii ordinului Jartierei, 1340-1440. Gotic Voci (Christopher Pagina, dir.). Londra: Hyperion, 1987. De înregistrare CD-uri CDA 66238.
 Spiritul de Anglia și Franța I: Muzica din Evul mediu Târziu pentru Curtea și Biserica. Gotic Voci (Christopher Pagina, dir.). Londra: Hyperion Records, 1994. De înregistrare CD-uri CDA66739.
 Studiul de Dragoste: Melodii franceze și Motete secolului al 14-Lea. Gotic Voci (Christopher Pagina, dir.). Londra: Hyperion Records, 1992. De înregistrare CD-uri CDA66619.

Note

Referințe
 Earp, Lawrence (1995). "Ars nova". În Franța Medievală: O Enciclopedie, editate de William W. Kibler, Grover A. Zinn, Lawrence Earp, și John Bell Henneman, Jr., 72-73. Ghirlanda de Referință Biblioteca de științe Umaniste 932; Ghirlanda Enciclopedii din Evul mediu 2. New York: Ghirlanda Editori. .
 Schrade, Leo (1956). "Philippe de Vitry: Unele Descoperiri Noi". Muzical Trimestrial 42, nr. 3 (iulie): 330-54.

Lectură suplimentară
 (1980). "Ars nova". The New Grove Dictionary of Music și Muzicieni, editate de către Stanley Sadie. 20 de volume. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. .
 Fuller, Sarah (1985-86). "O Fantomă Tratat secolului al Xiv-Lea? La Ars Nova". Jurnalul de Muzicologie 4, nr. 1 (Iarna): 23-50.
 Gleason, Harold, și Warren Becker (1986). Muzica în Evul mediu și Renaștere. Muzica Literatura De Specialitate Prezintă Seria 1. Bloomington, Indiana: Frangipani De Presă. .
 Hoppin, Richard H. (1978). Muzica Medievala. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. .
 Leech-Wilkinson, Daniel (1990). "Ars Antiqua—Ars Nova—Ars Subtilior". În Antichitate și Evul mediu: De la Grecia Antică până în secolul al 15-Lea, editat de James McKinnon, 218-40. Om și Muzică. London: Macmillan Publishers.  (casetat);  (pbk).
 Philippe de Vitry, ARS NOVA (1320) franceză: http://centrebombe.org/livre/Ars.Nova.html
 Snellings, Dirk (2003). "Ars Nova și Trecento Muzică în secolul al 14-Lea Europa" (accesat la 2008-06-14), tradus prin Stratton Taur, 12. CD Broșură CAPI 2003.

Muzică medievală


text:
Nabil Bahoui (Stockholm, 5 februari 1991) is een Zweedse profvoetballer van Marokkaanse afkomst, die voor Qatar SC speelt als middenvelder.

Interlandcarrière
Op 26 augustus 2014 werd Nabil voor het eerst opgeroepen voor het Zweedse nationaal voetbalteam om vriendschappelijk tegen Estland te spelen en behoorde ook tot het team dat tegen Oostenrijk speelde voor de Euro 2016 voetbalcampagne.

Externe links
  Profiel en statistieken van Nabil Bahoui op transfermarkt.nl
  Profiel en statistieken van Nabil Bahoui op svenskfotboll.se

Zweeds voetballer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Albrecht I van Brunswijk bijgenaamd de Lange (circa 1236 - 15 augustus 1279) was van 1252 tot 1269 hertog van Brunswijk-Lüneburg en daarna van 1269 tot aan zijn dood hertog van Brunswijk-Wolfenbüttel. Hij behoorde tot het huis Welfen.

Levensloop
Albrecht was de oudst overlevende zoon van hertog Otto I van Brunswijk-Lüneburg en diens echtgenote Mechtildis, dochter van markgraaf Albrecht II van Brandenburg.

Na de dood van zijn vader in 1252 erfde Albrecht samen met zijn jongere broer Johan I het hertogdom Brunswijk-Lüneburg, dat ze gezamenlijk bestuurden.

In het begin van zijn bewind moest Albrecht meerdere gewapende conflicten voeren tegen de aanhangers van de uitgestorven Hohenstaufen-dynastie in zijn grondgebied. In 1260/1261 streden de troepen van Albrecht dan weer aan de kant van de minderjarige koning Erik V van Denemarken en diens moeder Margaretha Sambiria in de oorlog tegen hertog Erik I van Sleeswijk. In 1263 kwam hij eveneens tussen in de oorlog rond de erfopvolging in het landgraafschap Thüringen, waarbij Albrecht de belangen van zijn schoonmoeder Sofia van Thüringen verdedigde.

Op 31 mei 1267 kwamen Albrecht en zijn broer Johan overeen om hun gezamenlijke domeinen onderling te verdelen. In 1269 vond deze verdeling plaats: Albrecht kreeg het hertogdom Brunswijk-Wolfenbüttel en Johan behield de overgebleven gebieden van het hertogdom Brunswijk-Lüneburg.

Vervolgens hield Albrecht zich bezig met de ontwikkeling van zijn grondgebied. Tijdens het Interregnum in het Heilige Roomse Rijk steunde hij de machtige koning Ottokar II van Bohemen tot diens definitieve nederlaag bij de slag bij Dürnkrut en Jedenspeigen in 1278. Na het overlijden van zijn broer Johan in 1277, werd Albrecht eveneens regent voor zijn minderjarige neef Otto II.

In augustus 1279 overleed Albrecht. Hij werd begraven in de Dom van Brunswijk.

Huwelijk en nakomelingen
In 1254 huwde Albrecht met Elisabeth van Brabant (1243-1261), dochter van hertog Hendrik II van Brabant. Hun huwelijk bleef kinderloos.

In 1263 hertrouwde hij met Alessia (1242-1284/1285), dochter van markgraaf Bonifatius II van Monferrato. Ze kregen volgende kinderen:
 Hendrik I (1267-1322), hertog van Brunswijk-Grubenhagen
 Albrecht II (1268-1318), hertog van Brunswijk-Göttingen en Brunswijk-Wolfenbüttel
 Willem I (1270-1292), hertog van Brunswijk-Wolfenbüttel
 Otto (overleden rond 1346), geestelijke
 Mathilde (1276-1318), huwde in 1291 met hertog Hendrik III van Glogau
 Luther (overleden in 1335), grootmeester van de Duitse Orde
 Koenraad (overleden rond 1303), geestelijke

Voorouders

Oudere Huis Brunswijk
Hertog van Brunswijk
Persoon in de 13e eeuw


text:
Taurongia es un género de arañas araneomorfas de la familia Desidae. Se encuentra en  Australia.

Lista de especies
Según The World Spider Catalog 12.0:
 Taurongia ambigua Gray, 2005
 Taurongia punctata (Hogg, 1900)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 En ION
 Nomenclator Zoologicus

Desidae


text:
Die Mietervereinigung Österreichs (MVÖ) ist ein österreichischer Verein, der es sich zum Ziel gesetzt hat, an der Verbesserung der Wohnverhältnisse der Menschen mitzuwirken und sich dafür sowohl allgemein politisch als auch im konkreten Einzelfall einzusetzen. Außerdem wird Rechtsberatung und Rechtsvertretung angeboten. Die Mietervereinigung gilt als SPÖ-nah.

Die Vereinigung ist die Dachorganisation der in jedem Bundesland vertretenen Landesorganisationen. Weiter ist sie Gründungsmitglied der International Union of Tenants. Sitz des Vereins ist Wien.

Die MVÖ beschäftigt mit Stand 2008 österreichweit 61 Angestellte, daneben engagieren sich 230 ehrenamtliche Funktionäre.

Präsident ist seit 29. März 2008 Georg Niedermühlbichler.

Geschichte

Bis 1917 hatte die freie Marktwirtschaft den österreichischen Wohnungsmarkt fest im Griff. Kündigungen konnten ohne Angabe von Gründen jederzeit erfolgen und der Mietzins wurde willkürlich festgesetzt. Die Mehrheit der Wiener Bevölkerung lebte in Kleinwohnungen (Zimmer, Küche, manchmal mit Kabinett), wobei in der Regel die Haushalte sechs und mehr Personen zählten. Es war auch die Zeit der sogenannten "Bettgeher". In den Arbeiterfamilien hatte 58 % der Menschen kein eigenes Bett.

Noch 1917 hatten 92 % der Wiener Wohnungen kein eigenes Klosett und 95 % keine eigene Wasserleitung. Wien galt nach Budapest damals als die Stadt der Tuberkulose.

Diese elenden Rahmenbedingungen waren die Basis für die Entstehung einer Mieterbewegung, die am 25. Februar 1911 in der Gründung der Mietervereinigung Österreichs mündete, die damals noch "Allgemeiner Mieterverein" hieß.

Ziel der Organisation war es von Anfang an, eine allgemeine Verbesserung der Wohnverhältnisse herbeizuführen – eine umfangreiche Aufgabe, wenn man sich die Ausgangssituation vor Augen führt. Rasch wuchs die Zahl der Mitglieder zunächst auf 77.000 und sodann bis 1934 auf 381.000.

Im Zuge des Ersten Weltkrieges kam es zu einer allgemeinen Erhöhung der Bedarfsartikel. Diese Steigerungen drohten sich in einer entsprechenden Erhöhung der Mietzinse niederzuschlagen und erließ daher die damalige kaiserliche Regierung auf Basis des kriegswirtschaftlichen Ermächtigungsgesetzes am 26. Juni 1917 sowie am 20. Juni 1918 die ersten Mieterschutzverordnungen. Diese führten zum Einfrieren der damaligen Mieten und zur sogenannten Friedenskrone. Eine infolge am 26. Oktober 1918 erlassene Verordnung regelte in Ansätzen sodann auch bestandrechtliche Bestimmungen. Während die ersten zwei Verordnungen befristet waren, galt diese nun unbefristet und verstärkte vor allem den Kündigungsschutz.

Die politischen Entwicklungen führten nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg zu einer Neustrukturierung der Mietervereinigung, die in dieser Zeit (1921) auch ihren noch heute gültigen Namen bekam: Mietervereinigung Österreichs – MVÖ.

Als 1922 schließlich das Mietengesetz beschlossen wurde, war eine erste große Etappe zur Verbesserung der Wohnverhältnisse erfolgreich beendet worden. Diesem waren Mieterdemonstrationen sowie das engagierte Eintreten der MVÖ-Vorstandsmitglieder Felix Kössler, Rechtsanwalt in Wien, und Robert Danneberg vorausgegangen.
Diese hatten einen Einwurf erarbeitet, der allen Parlamentsfraktionen übermittelt worden war. Robert Danneberg, damals auch Nationalratsabgeordneter, brachte diesen Entwurf in der Folge im Parlament ein und mündete er in dem am 7. Dezember 1922 in Kraft getretenen Mietengesetz (MG).

Der Mieter, die Vereinszeitung, berichtete im Jänner 1923:

Erstmals wurde der Kündigungsschutz eingeführt und Mietervertreter erhielten das Recht der Einsichtnahme in Abrechnungen der Hausherren.

1931 war die Zahl der Mitglieder auf stolze 256.244 angewachsen. Die Stärke der Mietervereinigung durch die große Anhängerschar brachte die Regierung in Bedrängnis. Doch die politischen Entwicklungen jener Zeit beendeten diesen rasanten Anstieg. Der Verein wurde aufgelöst.

Das beschlagnahmte Vermögen wurde in der Folge dem vaterländischen Mieterbund übertragen, denn schon damals gab es mehr als eine Mieterbewegung in Österreich.

Am 11. September 1945 wurde der Mietervereinigung die Wiederaufnahme ihrer Vereinstätigkeit genehmigt und begann damit eine Zeit, in der die ständige Verbesserung der Wohnungssituation in Österreich eng mit der Arbeit der Mietervereinigung verknüpft war. Ihr Hauptziel, nämlich , blieb in den Vereinsstatuten seit 1911 nahezu unverändert.

Der europaweit einzigartige Mieterschutz in Österreich basiert seit dem Mietengesetz auf den zwei Säulen Kündigungsschutz und Preisschutz und einer dahinter stehenden volkswirtschaftlichen Überlegung.

Der Wohnungsaufwand vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg betrug 25 % des Lohnes eines Arbeiters für eine Ein-Zimmer-Küche-Wohnung niedrigsten Standards. Im Jahr 1929 war dieser Anteil auf einen Schnitt von 2 % gedrückt worden. Aus Sicht der Regierenden war der Fortbestand des Mieterschutzes in seiner damaligen Ausprägung daher der Garant für volkswirtschaftliches Wachstum und eine wirtschaftliche Verbesserung breiter Bevölkerungsschichten – eine Sichtweise, die sich bis Anfang der 1990er Jahre gehalten hatte.

Erst mit Einführung der Richtwertmiete und dem Lagezuschlag fand eine völlige Abkehr von diesem Grundgedanken statt, was sich jetzt allerdings bereits in stark steigenden Kostenbelastungen im Bereich Wohnen widerspiegelt. Hauptzielrichtung der politischen Arbeit der Mietervereinigung ist es daher die Leistbarkeit des Wohnens zu sichern, insbesondere gesetzliche Reformen zur Mietzinsbildung als auch den Wohnnebenkosten zu erwirken.

Siehe auch
Deutscher Mieterbund und Mietervereine in Deutschland
Schweizerischer Mieterinnen- und Mieterverband

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website

Einzelnachweise

Dachverband (Österreich)
Mieterverein
Verein (Wien)
Gegründet 1911
Verbraucherschutzorganisation (Österreich)


text:
Andrzej Dzierżysław Sługocki herbu Jastrzębiec (zm. w 1659 roku) – stolnik lubelski w latach 1647-1659, podstarości lubelski.

Poseł sejmiku lubelskiego na sejm 1649/1650 roku, sejm zwyczajny 1654 roku.

W 1648 roku był elektorem Jana II Kazimierza Wazy z województwa lubelskiego. W 1649 roku był uczestnikiem popisu pospolitego ruszenia szlachty województwa lubelskiego w chorągwi generalnej województwa lubelskiego. Poseł na sejm koronacyjny 1649 roku z województwa lubelskiego. Na sejmie 1649/1650 roku wyznaczony z koła poselskiego na komisarza komisji wojskowej lubelskiej, która zająć się miała wypłatą zaległych pieniędzy wojsku.

Bibliografia

 Svffragia Woiewodztw, y Ziem Koronnych, y Wielk. Xięstwa Litewskiego. Zgodnie na Naiaśnieyszego Iana Kazimierza Obranego Krola Polskiego [...]. Dane, między Warszawą, a Wolą, Dnia 17. Listopada, Roku 1648, [b.n.s].
 Urzędnicy województwa lubelskiego XVI-XVIII w. Spisy". Oprac. Witold Kłaczewski i Wacław Urban. 1991, s. 125.

Przypisy

Członkowie stanu rycerskiego I Rzeczypospolitej
Elektorzy Jana II Kazimierza Wazy
Elektorzy władców Polski (województwo lubelskie)
Komisarze komisji wojskowej lubelskiej 1650
Podstarościowie lubelscy
Posłowie na sejm koronacyjny 1649
Posłowie na sejm zwyczajny 1649/1650
Posłowie na sejm zwyczajny 1654
Posłowie na Sejm I Rzeczypospolitej (województwo lubelskie)
Andrzej Dzierżysław Sługocki
Stolnicy lubelscy
Uczestnicy popisu pospolitego ruszenia województwa lubelskiego 1649
Urzędnicy ziemscy I Rzeczypospolitej
Zmarli w 1659


text:
Een eenhoorn, ook wel unicorn in het Engels, is een term voor een startend bedrijf met een marktwaardering (voor een beursgang of -exit) van meer dan 1 miljard dollar. De term raakte vanaf 2013 in zwang.

Het Amerikaanse tijdschrift Fortune publiceerde in juni 2016 een lijst van 174 eenhoorn-start-ups, waarvan slechts enkele Europese bedrijven. Nieuwssite Venture Beat plaatste eerder begin 2016 een lijst van 229 eenhoorns, waaronder ook bedrijven die al waren overgenomen. Volgens TechCrunch waren er 279 eenhoorns in maart 2018.

Bedrijven
De grootste wereldwijde eenhoorns zijn:

Financiële verslaglegging
Neologisme


text:
Mwea steht für folgende Orte:

 Mwea (Nauru), Ort in Nauru

Mwea ist der Familienname folgender Personen:
 Lataisi Mwea (* 2000), kiribatischer Leichtathlet


text:
Кошлаков Георгий Вадимович — (8 февраля 1936 года, Свердловск — 7 июля 2017 года, Душанбе) — советский горный инженер-геофизик, таджикистанский государственный деятель. Кандидат геолого-минералогических наук (1970), член-корреспондент Международной инженерной академии (1994). Заслуженный инженер Таджикской ССР (1986). Лауреат Государственной премии Республики Таджикистан в области науки и техники им. Абу Али ибн Сино (1977). Почётный геолог СССР (1986). Отличник образования Республики Таджикистан (2006).

Биография
 1958 — Окончил Среднеазиатский политехнический институт и в 1976 году Институт управления народным хозяйством при Совете Министров СССР .
 1958—1966 — Инженер-оператор, старший геофизик, начальник партии Управления геологии Таджикской ССР,
 1966—1974 — главный инженер Южной Геофизической экспедиции, Управления геологии Таджикской ССР,
 1974—1978 — начальник Управления геологии Таджикской ССР,
 1978—1991 — заместитель Председателя, первый зам. Председателя Совета Министров Таджикской ССР,
 1991 — министр по делам промышленности и сырьевым ресурсам Таджикской ССР,
 1991—1992 — председатель Госкомитета по экономике и прогнозированию Республики Таджикистан ,
 1992—1993 — директор по промышленности АО «Экотад», Республики Таджикистан,
 1993—1996 — старший советник Премьер-министра и Президента Республики Таджикистан по народному хозяйству,
 1996—2001 — зав. отделом Развития горных территорий СОПС АН Республики Таджикистан,
 2001—2011 — заведующий кафедрой экономики и менеджмента Российско-Таджикского (славянского) университета.
 С 2011 года — профессор кафедры Российско-Таджикского (славянского) университета.

Депутат Верховного Совета Таджикской ССР 9-11 созывов. Народный депутат СССР (1989—1991).

Научная и творческая деятельность
Автор более 76 научных и научно-методических работ по проблемам поисков и разведки полезных ископаемых, изучения глубинного строения земной коры, сейсмического районирования и установления предвестников землетрясений, организации управления и исследования оргсистем, макроэкономики, маркетинга, управления оргизменениями. Кошлаков Г. В. с 2011 года являлся действительным членом Международной инженерной академии (МИА, Москва)..

Основные публикации
 Некоторые аспекты экономических взаимоотношений Российской Федерации и Республики Таджикистан. — Душанбе, 2002;
 Направления системных углубленных реформ экономики Республики Таджикистан. — Душанбе, 2005;
 Экономические интересы России в Таджикистане: риски и возможности (в соавт.). — Душанбе, 2009;
 Индустрия туризма — приоритетное направление развития Республики Таджикистан.// Вестник университета РТСУ. — Душанбе, 2010.

Награды и звания
 Орден «Дусти» (орден Республики Таджикистан).
 Орден Дружбы (28 июля 2015 года, Россия) — за большой вклад в укрепление дружбы и сотрудничества с Российской Федерацией, развитие торгово-экономических связей, сохранение и популяризацию русского языка и культуры за рубежом.
 Орден Трудового Красного Знамени.
 Орден Дружбы Народов.
 Почётный геолог СССР (1986).
 Заслуженный инженер Таджикской ССР (1986).
 Лауреат Государственной премии Республики Таджикистан в области науки и техники им. Абу Али ибн Сино (1977).
 Отличник образования Республики Таджикистан (2006).

Примечания

Ссылки
 Георгий Кошлаков — советский вольнодумец
 Георгий Вадимович Кошлаков постоянно занимался научной деятельностью

Выпускники Ташкентского государственного технического университета
Министры Таджикистана
Учёные Таджикистана
Геологи СССР
Учёные Российско-Таджикского (славянского) университета
Преподаватели Российско-Таджикского (славянского) университета
Депутаты Верховного Совета Таджикской ССР 9-го созыва
Депутаты Верховного Совета Таджикской ССР 10-го созыва
Депутаты Верховного Совета Таджикской ССР 11-го созыва
Заслуженные инженеры Таджикской ССР


text:
La Pile du bac à traille,  située à Champagne (Ardèche) en France, est une des plus anciennes construites le long du Rhône. Elle permettait au Bac à traille de traverser le fleuve avant la construction des ponts.

Description

Localisation
La Pile est située le long du Rhône, au bout le la Rue du Port sur la commune de Champagne, dans le département français de l'Ardèche.

Historique

L'édifice est inscrit au titre des monuments historiques en 2006.

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Liste des monuments historiques de l'Ardèche

Liens externes

Références

Monument historique en Ardèche
Monument historique inscrit en 2006


text:
Emil Pakebba Joof Roback, född 3 maj 2003, är en svensk fotbollsspelare (anfallare) som spelar för AC Milan.

Uppväxt
Emil Joof Roback bodde i Norrköping under åren 2015–2017, då studerade han bland annat på Oxelbergsskolan, Gustaf Adolfsskolan och Djäkneparksskolan. Efter första året på Djäknepark flyttade han istället till Stockholm för att fullfölja sina drömmar inom fotbollen. Roback började spela fotboll i IFK Norrköping, han har även representerat IK Sleipner och Västerhaninge IF. 2015 gick han till ungdomssidan Hammarby IF.

Klubblagskarriär

Hammarby IF
Den 3 januari 2020 skrev Roback på sitt första professionella kontrakt med Hammarby. Han blev utlånad till samarbetsklubben IK Frej i Division 1. Den 25 juni 2020 återvände Roback till Hammarby för Svenska cupen-matchen mot IFK Göteborg och gjorde därmed sin professionella debut för Hammarby.

AC Milan
Den 14 augusti 2020 blev Roback klar för italienska storklubben Milan i Serie A. Transfersumman ryktades ligga på runt 15-20 miljoner svenska kronor.

Den 31 augusti 2022 lånades Roback ut till danska Nordsjælland på ett låneavtal över säsongen 2022/2023.

Landslagskarriär
Roback har representerat Sverige på Under-17-nivå.

Referenser

Noter

Svenska fotbollsspelare
Spelare i IK Sleipner
Spelare i IFK Norrköping
Spelare i Hammarby IF Fotboll
Spelare i IK Frej
Spelare i AC Milan
Spelare i FC Nordsjælland
Spelare i Division 1 i fotboll för herrar
Födda 2003
Levande personer
Män
Idrottare från Norrköping
Svenska idrottare under 2000-talet


text:
Тиранче мишана (Zimmerius villarejoi) е вид птица от семейство Tyrannidae. Видът е световно застрашен, със статут Уязвим.

Разпространение
Видът е разпространен в Перу.

Източници

Пигмейски тирани
Фауна на Перу


text:
Le rallye de Nouvelle-Zélande est une course automobile, créée en 1969 à Taupo sous l'appellation originelle de Motogard Rally. Il devint ensuite le rallye du Pacifique Sud jusqu'en 1977. Motogard en resta le principal sponsor jusqu'en 1982, puis Sanyo, Clarion, Rothmans (7 ans jusqu'en 1994), Smokefree, Propecia et Repco  prirent le relai.

Histoire

Pour sa deuxième édition, en 1970, l'épreuve migre dans la région de Canterbury, avant de revenir à North Island en 1971.

Les éditions ultérieures se sont déroulées autour d'Auckland (exception en 2006, avec une première partie organisée à Hamilton dans le Mystery Creek Events Centre).

L'année 2007 voit cette épreuve débuter le  et se terminer le  avec un simple écart de 0.3 seconde après plus de 350 kilomètres de course entre le vainqueur, Marcus Grönholm, et son dauphin Sébastien Loeb (plus petit écart jamais enregistré en WRC).

Les équipes engagées le proclament par votes Rallye de l'année en 2001. Les revêtements y sont bien lissés, favorisant la performance pure sans casses matérielles particulières pour des pilotes expérimentés et adroits, au fil des enchaînements fluides et rapides de virages, hormis pour les quelques véhicules de débuts d'épreuves ayant à balayer un sol fait de gravette spécifique à cette épreuve. Les collines alentour sont verdoyantes, souvent remarquées au cours d'étapes côtières. Petit pays, les néo-zélandais représentent un marché peu important pour les constructeurs automobiles. Néanmoins cette épreuve très appréciée des conducteurs a su imposer ses qualités propres, avec une organisation très performante.

Palmarès

Hors WRC

En WRC

Vainqueurs multiples

Notes et références

Liens externes
  Site officiel du rallye;
  Le rallye de Nouvelle-Zélande sur juwra.com;
  Le rallye de Nouvelle-Zélande sur rallybase.nl;
  Le rallye de Nouvelle-Zélande sur ewrc-results.com;
 La page sur le site de la FIA consacrée au rallye de Nouvelle-Zélande.

Navigation


text:
Sebastian Marek Karpiniuk (Kołobrzeg; 4 de dezembro de 1972 — 10 de abril de 2010) foi um político da Polónia. Ele foi eleito para a Sejm em 25 de Setembro de 2005 com 9767 votos em 40 no distrito de Koszalin, candidato pelas listas do partido Platforma Obywatelska.

Foi uma das vítimas do acidente do Tu-154 da Força Aérea Polonesa, em abril de 2010..

Ver também
 Membros da Sejm 2005-2009

Ligações externas
  Sebastian Karpiniuk - site do parlamento

Mortos em 2010
Membros da Sejm 2005-2007
Políticos da Polónia
Vítimas do acidente do Tu-154 da Força Aérea Polonesa


text:
De Botshol is een buurtschap en een plassen- en moerasgebied in de provincie Utrecht tussen Abcoude en Waverveen, ten noordwesten van de Vinkeveense Plassen. Het gebied bestaat uit twee grotere plassen, de 'Grote Wije' en de 'Kleine Wije', die door nauwe doorgangen met elkaar verbonden zijn en een complex van kleinere deels dichtgroeiende wateren die (evenals de grotere plassen) restanten van voormalige verveningen zijn.

Geschiedenis
Botshol was in de middeleeuwen ook een afzonderlijk rechtsgebied. Samen met Waveren en Ruige Wilnis was het eigendom van de Proosdij van Sint Marie te Utrecht. Het gebied hoorde tot het graafschap Holland, maar maakte geen deel uit van het baljuwschap Amstelland. De proosdij verkocht de drie heerlijkheden in 1624 aan Antoni Oetgens. Na de Bataafse Revolutie van 1795 werden de drie heerlijkheden samengevoegd met Waverveen. Als deel van de gemeente Waverveen werd het op 1 oktober 1819 bij de provincie Utrecht gevoegd.

Flora en fauna
Het gebied heeft een karakteristieke flora en fauna en herbergt veel zeldzame planten, vissen, reptielen, vogels en andere dieren. Het grootste belang van de plassen bestaat echter uit de aquatische flora en fauna. Een van de zeldzamere waterplanten is het groot nimfkruid, terwijl de krabbenscheer en het blaasjeskruid (een merkwaardig vleesetend waterplantje) plaatselijk zeer massaal voorkomen.

Bepaalde delen van de plassen hebben een vegetatie van charaweiden. Dit zijn soms zeer dichte vegetaties van kranswieren die op de meerbodem groeien. Door hun invloed op de samenstelling van het water treedt plaatselijk neerslag van kalk (calciumcarbonaat) op in de vorm van kalkslib. Dit slib kan zeer hoge concentraties kalk bevatten en is een actuele vorming van een moeraskalk. Het slib bevat naast veel amorfe kalk ook veel resten van kranswieren, veel zoetwatermollusken, ostracoden, andere ongewervelde dieren en visresten.

Het gebied wordt thans beheerd door Natuurmonumenten en is aangewezen als een stiltegebied. Het is uitsluitend toegankelijk met roeibootjes die maar op twee plekken te huur zijn. Om de zeldzame plantengemeenschap in stand te houden wordt al het water dat het gebied binnenkomt sinds 1989 gedefosfateerd.

Een oppervlak van 215 hectare is een beschermd Natura 2000-gebied (landschapclassificatie Meren en moerassen, gebiedsnummer 83).

Fort
Geheel aan de westelijke kant van het gebied werd eind 19e eeuw een terrein gereserveerd voor de bouw van het Fort in de Botshol als onderdeel van de Stelling van Amsterdam. De bomvrije ruimten van het fort zijn echter nooit gebouwd, maar het met zand opgehoogde terrein is nog goed in het landschap zichtbaar. Verder bevindt zich hier het voormalig fort Boxhol en achter het fort staat een fortwachterswoning.

Literatuur
 Botshol in beeld. Door I. Berends, W. van Lith, W. vd Velden, Uitgave in eigen beheer, Abcoude/Ouder-Amstel 2002. .
 De plassen, Vinkeveense Plassen & Botshol, door J. Hoogenbook, K. Pater, T. Richter, D. van Tol-Burgers TWEET BNO, Vinkeveen 2007

Zie ook
 Lijst van gebieden van Natuurmonumenten
 Ronde Hoep
 Vinkeveense Plassen
 Waverhoek
 Waterschap Botshol

Externe links
 Site Natuurmonumenten
 Natura 2000 Gebiedendatabase

Geografie van De Ronde Venen
Natuurgebied in Utrecht
Meer in Utrecht (provincie)
Laagveengebied
Natura 2000 in Nederland


text:
On the morning and early afternoon of June 3, 2020, a powerful derecho (a line of windstorms moving together) crossed Pennsylvania and New Jersey, causing four confirmed fatalities. It was the deadliest derecho in the region since 1950.

The storms were part of a mesoscale convective system (a complex of associated thunderstorms) which formed just outside of Oil City, Pennsylvania, and began moving eastward across Lake Erie just after 5 a.m. (EDT). The Storm Prediction Center (SPC) made its first warning around 8:30 a.m., and damaging wind reports began about 20 minutes later. A severe thunderstorm watch was put into effect around the region just after 10 a.m., as warm, humid temperatures further destabilized the squall line. By the time that the storm crossed the Delaware River into New Jersey, wind speeds were equivalent to those of a Category 1 hurricane. By 2 p.m., the storm had dissipated off the coast.

Fallen trees and power lines resulted in four deaths across southeastern Pennsylvania. Wind speeds also resulted in severe property damage from fallen trees, and at least two buildings lost their roofs. Over 850,000 individuals lost electricity due to storm damage, and for many, power was not restored for several days. PECO Energy recruited service crews from outside the region to work on restoring electricity in homes, while drone technology was used to survey the damage. Repairs were slowed by several days of severe weather following the initial storm, but by June 6, the thunderstorms had come to an end.

Meteorological history
A mesoscale convective system that formed just outside of Oil City, Pennsylvania, began moving eastward across Lake Erie around 5:12 a.m. EDT on the morning of June 3, 2020. By 8:32 a.m. EDT, the storm system had moved into northwestern Pennsylvania, and the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) warned that as it progressed and encountered the warmer temperatures in the eastern part of the state, there was a greater threat of severe weather. The first reports of damaging winds emerged twenty minutes later. The SPC issued its first severe thunderstorm watch at 10:05 a.m. EDT, covering an area that stretched from  west-northwest of State College, Pennsylvania, and  southeast of Lakehurst, New Jersey, as well as  north and south. By 10:34 a.m. EDT, the squall line was moving into southeastern Pennsylvania, where the warm, humid temperatures would further destabilize the system.

While there were few damaging wind gusts of  or more while the storm moved across western and central Pennsylvania in the morning, the storm intensified by noon. Significant wind damage began as the system entered Berks County, Pennsylvania, and continued through the Delaware Valley towards Ocean County, New Jersey. The  wind gust measured in Berks was the strongest on record, surpassing the  gusts recorded during Hurricane Hazel. Social media footage from the storm showed funnel clouds in Philadelphia and hail in State College, Pennsylvania. The storm crossed the Delaware River around 12:30 p.m. EDT and reached Long Beach Island by 1:15 p.m. The derecho was most severe in Ocean County, New Jersey, where wind speeds were measured at  in Beach Haven and  in Surf City. By 2 p.m. EDT, the storm had moved off of the New Jersey coast.

Wind speeds reached in New Jersey were equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane, but no hurricane, tropical storm, or tornado was recorded. To be considered a derecho, the National Weather Service states that wind damage must extend at least  and include gusts of at least . An early report from climatologist David Robinson inferred that the storm had traveled  in  hours, which would have given it an average speed of . Derecho storms are also known for the characteristic bow-like shape of their radar profile The SPC confirmed on the afternoon of June 3 that the storm was classified as a derecho. Meteorologist Lee Robertson believed that the storm was rare even among other derecho events both for its "duration and intensity", particularly the wind speeds of . The evening before, a "ring of fire" pattern had settled over most of the contiguous United States. In such a scenario, thunderstorms moving across the ridge of a high-pressure area feed off of both the warm, humid air of the high-pressure region and the adjacent jet stream winds, causing rapidly-intensifying, unpredictable storms. In the days preceding the derecho, that weather pattern had caused damaging thunderstorms in the Midwestern United States.

After the initial derecho passed, the warm weather returned to the region, allowing for more atmospheric destabilization and another set of thunderstorms that evening. Around 3:10 p.m. EDT, an outflow-modified cold front formed over south-central Kentucky, northwest Pennsylvania, and central Ohio, carrying the risk of isolated wind gusts, hail, and scattered thunderstorms. A second severe thunderstorm watch was issued for the Mid-Atlantic region at 3:50 p.m. EDT, covering an area  north-northwest of State College to  east-northeast of Atlantic City, New Jersey, and extending  north and south, respectively. Bill Bunting of the SPC characterized the later thunderstorms by their "strobe-like lightning, and prolonged thunder that evoked an oceanic roar", and the rains were heavier in the later, slower storm than they had been for the faster derecho. The evening storm also caused damage in areas of New Jersey, including Beach Haven, Hammonton, Folsom, Port Republic, and Mullica Township. A tornado warning was issued in southern New Jersey and southeastern Pennsylvania at 7:15 p.m. and expired 30 minutes later. At 8:30 p.m., The Philadelphia Inquirer reported that there had been no confirmed tornado reports in the region. In Carlisle, Pennsylvania, which had avoided damage from the initial derecho, a microburst (a sudden strong, spreading downdraft) later in the evening caused extensive damage to trees and power lines. The remaining storms dissipated offshore by 10 p.m. EDT, concluding the severe weather for the day.

Impact

The June 2020 derecho was the first to impact the Pennsylvania–New Jersey region since June 2012, when a storm moved east from Iowa into southern Pennsylvania. Four fatalities were associated with the derecho, making it the deadliest such storm in the region since 1950. In Belmont Hills and Penn Wynne, Pennsylvania, respectively, two individuals were killed when trees fell onto the roofs of their cars. In Lower Moreland Township, the 38-year-old director of golf at Philmont Country Club was killed when a tree collapsed into the building where he had been working. The fourth fatality occurred in Delaware County, where derecho winds topped live overhead power lines into a home, causing the building to catch fire. A second individual inside the house escaped.

In addition to human death and injury, the derecho caused extensive property damage as trees were uprooted from the ground, landing on and crushing homes and vehicles. The National Weather Service office in Mount Holly, New Jersey, logged over 250 wind damage reports in the region resulting from the derecho, most resulting from felled trees and downed power lines, some of which collapsed on buildings and residences. Most of the damage was concentrated in a stretch from Reading, Pennsylvania, to Philadelphia, with areas such as the Lehigh Valley spared the brunt of the storm. In Lansdale, Pennsylvania, the storm removed the roof from a 150-unit apartment building, leaving the complex uninhabitable. A report from the Montgomery County board of commissioners also stated that the storm had caused several serious fires in the region. On Long Beach Island, the St. Francis Community Center also lost part of its roof to derecho winds.

The storm also caused massive power outages in southeastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey. More than 850,000 individuals lost electricity on June 3, including 200,000 in New Jersey. Several long-term care facilities in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania lost electricity and utilized emergency generators to protect the residents. The following day, around 100,000 homes and businesses in New Jersey remained without power. Most of the outages were located in Burlington and Camden County, New Jersey. In Pennsylvania, over 56,000 individuals remained without power on June 5. Although the number dwindled to 16,500 on Sunday, June 6, PECO Energy received several complaints from those individuals about their lack of electricity during a period of high temperatures, as well as the company's delayed time frames for when their electricity might be restored. PECO Energy recruited service crews from states including Oklahoma, Illinois, Florida, and New Hampshire to undertake repairs and restorations. PECO, who had been using drone technology for several months prior to the storm but had been seeking opportunities to incorporate the technology into storm restoration, used their drones to assess damage aerially at speeds that would have been much slower from the ground. All power was restored by June 9.

Aftermath
Repairing the damage caused by the derecho was inhibited by additional severe thunderstorms in the following days. The National Weather Service and local meteorologists warned that "several rounds of progressive thunderstorm complexes" would extend through the Lehigh Valley until the storm front was displaced by an east-to-west boundary on June 6. On June 4, the NWS warned that another round of thunderstorms would move through central Pennsylvania after 4 p.m. EDT, continuing through the night with a possibility of flooding. A loose series of storms passed through New Jersey that afternoon, dissipating just after midnight. Areas of Middlesex and Monmouth County were placed under a coastal flood advisory from 6 p.m. to midnight, with the NWS predicting up to  of flooding above ground level.

Another round of slow-moving thunderstorms passed through the region on June 5, with most of New Jersey and southeastern Pennsylvania placed under a flash flood watch. Areas of northern Delaware and Maryland were also placed under watch. Unlike the wind damage caused by the derecho, heavy rainfall provided a greater threat for this later day of severe weather. Thunderstorms passed over the region between 3 and 10 p.m. EDT, with places like Wall Township, New Jersey, receiving  of rain in one day, more than the town's usual monthly total of  of June precipitation. Flooding was reported in Pennsylvania as well, particularly around the Schuylkill Expressway, Route 202 in Chester County, and around the Delaware River, where a flood advisory was triggered. The severe weather in the Pennsylvania–New Jersey area abated by the weekend of June 6, with temperatures leveling out at around  and with no storms.

See also

 List of derecho events
 New York State Labor Day derechos
 August 2020 Midwest derecho

References

External links

Derechos in the United States
2020 in Pennsylvania
2020 in New Jersey
2020 meteorology
2020 natural disasters in the United States
June 2020 events in the United States


text:
Världshemligt är en bok från 1972 av Barbro Lindgren. Det är den andra boken om Barbro som liten, men nu är hon 12-13 år och Ingrid är hon inte längre tillsammans med, Ingrid tjuvröker på rasterna och har börjat böja ögonfransarna.

Barbro och Cissi är tillsammans numera och ibland är Kajsa också med. Men så händer nåt med Ingrids mamma.

Barbro och Cissi brukar gå till ett stall där den sjuka hästen Intrig finns. Vad händer med Intrig?
Barbro undrar även när hon ska få former. Varför har Kajsa bröst men inte Barbro? Och mensen då? När ska den komma?

Skönlitteratur 1972
Verk av Barbro Lindgren


text:
Xanthomonas campestris is een bacteriesoort, die verschillende plantenziektes kan veroorzaken. Xanthomonas campestris wordt gebruikt om Xanthaangom te maken.

Typen Xanthomonas campestris

De classificatie is gebaseerd is op de plant die wordt aangetast door Xanthomonas campestris. pv. staat voor pathovar.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae
Xanthomonas campestris pv. begoniae A
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. begoniae B
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. carota
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae
 [[Xanthomonas campestris pv. graminis|Xanthomonas campestris pv. graminis]]
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. hederae
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. hyacinthi
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. juglandis - the walnut blight
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum of Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. nigromaculans
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. poinsettiicola
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. prunii
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. sesami
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. tardicrescens
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens
 Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria
  Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola

Bacterie


text:
Gnorismoneura orientis is a species of moth in the family Tortricidae, described by Ivan Nikolayevich Filipjev in 1962. It is found in China (Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Shanxi and Shandong) and Russia (Ussuri).

The wingspan is about 16 mm.

References

Moths described in 1962
Archipini


text:
The 2014 Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions football team represented the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff in the 2014 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Golden Lions were led by seventh-year head coach Monte Coleman and played their home games at Golden Lion Stadium as a member of the West Division of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). They finished the season 4–7, 3–6 in SWAC play to finish in a tie for fourth place in the West Division.

Schedule

References

Arkansas-Pine Bluff
Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions football seasons
Arkansas-Pine Bluff Golden Lions f


text:
In economics, an input–output model is a quantitative economic model that represents the interdependencies between different sectors of a national economy or different regional economies. Wassily Leontief (1906–1999) is credited with developing this type of analysis and earned the Nobel Prize in Economics for his development of this model.

Origins
Francois Quesnay had developed a cruder version of this technique called Tableau économique, and Léon Walras's work Elements of Pure Economics on general equilibrium theory also was a forerunner and made a generalization of Leontief's seminal concept.

Alexander Bogdanov has been credited with originating the concept in a report delivered to the All Russia Conference on the Scientific Organisation of Labour and Production Processes, in January 1921. This approach was also developed by L. N. Kritsman and T. F. Remington, who has argued that their work provided a link between Quesnay's tableau économique and the subsequent contributions by Vladimir Groman and Vladimir Bazarov to Gosplan's method of material balance planning.

Wassily Leontief's work in the input–output model was influenced by the works of the classical economists Karl Marx and Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi. Karl Marx's economics provided an early outline involving a set of tables where the economy consisted of two interlinked departments.

Leontief was the first to use a matrix representation of a national (or regional) economy.

Basic derivation
The model depicts inter-industry relationships within an economy, showing how output from one industrial sector may become an input to another industrial sector. In the inter-industry matrix, column entries typically represent inputs to an industrial sector, while row entries represent outputs from a given sector. This format, therefore, shows how dependent each sector is on every other sector, both as a customer of outputs from other sectors and as a supplier of inputs. Sectors may also depend internally on a portion of their own production as delineated by the entries of the matrix diagonal. Each column of the input–output matrix shows the monetary value of inputs to each sector and each row represents the value of each sector's outputs.

Say that we have an economy with  sectors. Each sector produces  units of a single homogeneous good. Assume that the th sector, in order to produce 1 unit, must use  units from sector . Furthermore, assume that each sector sells some of its output to other sectors (intermediate output) and some of its output to consumers (final output, or final demand). Call final demand in the th sector . Then we might write

or total output equals intermediate output plus final output. If we let  be the matrix of coefficients ,  be the vector of total output, and  be the vector of final demand, then our expression for the economy becomes

which after re-writing becomes . If the matrix  is invertible then this is a linear system of equations with a unique solution, and so given some final demand vector the required output can be found. Furthermore, if the principal minors of the matrix  are all positive (known as the Hawkins–Simon condition), the required output vector  is non-negative.

Example

Consider an economy with two goods, A and B. The matrix of coefficients and the final demand is given by

Intuitively, this corresponds to finding the amount of output each sector should produce given that we want 7 units of good A and 4 units of good B. Then solving the system of linear equations derived above gives us

Further research

There is extensive literature on these models. There is the Hawkins–Simon condition on producibility. There has been research on disaggregation to clustered inter-industry flows, and on the study of constellations of industries. A great deal of empirical work has been done to identify coefficients, and data has been published for the national economy as well as for regions. The Leontief system can be extended to a model of general equilibrium; it offers a method of decomposing work done at a macro level.

Regional multipliers
While national input–output tables are commonly created by countries' statistics agencies, officially published regional input–output tables are rare. Therefore, economists often use location quotients to create regional multipliers starting from national data. This technique has been criticized because there are several location quotient regionalization techniques, and none are universally superior across all use-cases.

Introducing transportation

Transportation is implicit in the notion of inter-industry flows. It is explicitly recognized when transportation is identified as an industry – how much is purchased from transportation in order to produce. But this is not very satisfactory because transportation requirements differ, depending on industry locations and capacity constraints on regional production. Also, the receiver of goods generally pays freight cost, and often transportation data are lost because transportation costs are treated as part of the cost of the goods.

Walter Isard and his student, Leon Moses, were quick to see the spatial economy and transportation implications of input–output, and began work in this area in the 1950s developing a concept of interregional input–output. Take a one region versus the world case. We wish to know something about inter-regional commodity flows, so introduce a column into the table headed "exports" and we introduce an "import" row.

A more satisfactory way to proceed would be to tie regions together at the industry level. That is, we could identify both intra-region inter-industry transactions and inter-region inter-industry transactions. The problem here is that the table grows quickly.

Input–output is conceptually simple. Its extension to a model of equilibrium in the national economy has been done successfully using high-quality data. One who wishes to work with input–output systems must deal with industry classification, data estimation, and inverting very large, often ill-conditioned matrices. The quality of the data and matrices of the input-output model can be improved by modelling activities with digital twins and solving the problem of optimizing management decisions. Moreover, changes in relative prices are not readily handled by this modelling approach alone. Input–output accounts are part and parcel to a more flexible form of modelling, computable general equilibrium models.

Two additional difficulties are of interest in transportation work. There is the question of substituting one input for another, and there is the question about the stability of coefficients as production increases or decreases. These are intertwined questions. They have to do with the nature of regional production functions.

Technology Assumptions
To construct input-output tables from supply and use tables, four principle assumptions can be applied. The choice depends on whether product-by-product or industry-by-industry input-output tables are to be established.

Usefulness

Because the input–output model is fundamentally linear in nature, it lends itself to rapid computation as well as flexibility in computing the effects of changes in demand. Input–output models for different regions can also be linked together to investigate the effects of inter-regional trade, and additional columns can be added to the table to perform environmentally extended input–output analysis (EEIOA). For example, information on fossil fuel inputs to each sector can be used to investigate flows of embodied carbon within and between different economies.

The structure of the input–output model has been incorporated into national accounting in many developed countries, and as such can be used to calculate important measures such as national GDP. Input–output economics has been used to study regional economies within a nation, and as a tool for national and regional economic planning. A main use of input–output analysis is to measure the economic impacts of events as well as public investments or programs as shown by IMPLAN and Regional Input–Output Modeling System. It is also used to identify economically related industry clusters and also so-called "key" or "target" industries (industries that are most likely to enhance the internal coherence of a specified economy). By linking industrial output to satellite accounts articulating energy use, effluent production, space needs, and so on, input–output analysts have extended the approaches application to a wide variety of uses.

Input–output and socialist planning
The input–output model is one of the major conceptual models for a socialist planned economy. This model involves the direct determination of physical quantities to be produced in each industry, which are used to formulate a consistent economic plan of resource allocation. This method of planning is contrasted with price-directed Lange-model socialism and Soviet-style material balance planning.

In the economy of the Soviet Union, planning was conducted using the method of material balances up until the country's dissolution. The method of material balances was first developed in the 1930s during the Soviet Union's rapid industrialization drive. Input–output planning was never adopted because the material balance system had become entrenched in the Soviet economy, and input–output planning was shunned for ideological reasons. As a result, the benefits of consistent and detailed planning through input–output analysis were never realized in the Soviet-type economies.

Measuring input–output tables

The mathematics of input–output economics is straightforward, but the data requirements are enormous because the expenditures and revenues of each branch of economic activity have to be represented. As a result, not all countries collect the required data and data quality varies, even though a set of standards for the data's collection has been set out by the United Nations through its System of National Accounts (SNA): the most recent standard is the 2008 SNA. Because the data collection and preparation process for the input–output accounts is necessarily labor and computer intensive, input–output tables are often published long after the year in which the data were collected—typically as much as 5–7 years after. Moreover, the economic "snapshot" that the benchmark version of the tables provides of the economy's cross-section is typically taken only once every few years, at best.

However, many developed countries estimate input–output accounts annually and with much greater recency. This is because while most uses of the input–output analysis focus on the matrix set of inter-industry exchanges, the actual focus of the analysis from the perspective of most national statistical agencies is the benchmarking of gross domestic product. Input–output tables therefore are an instrumental part of national accounts. As suggested above, the core input–output table reports only intermediate goods and services that are exchanged among industries. But an array of row vectors, typically aligned at the bottom of this matrix, record non-industrial inputs by industry like payments for labor; indirect business taxes; dividends, interest, and rents; capital consumption allowances (depreciation); other property-type income (like profits); and purchases from foreign suppliers (imports). At a national level, although excluding the imports, when summed this is called "gross product originating" or "gross domestic product by industry." Another array of column vectors is called "final demand" or "gross product consumed." This displays columns of spending by households, governments, changes in industry stocks, and industries on investment, as well as net exports. (See also Gross domestic product.) In any case, by employing the results of an economic census which asks for the sales, payrolls, and material/equipment/service input of each establishment, statistical agencies back into estimates of industry-level profits and investments using the input–output matrix as a sort of double-accounting framework.

Input–output analysis versus consistency analysis
Despite the clear ability of the input–output model to depict and analyze the dependence of one industry or sector on another, Leontief and others never managed to introduce the full spectrum of dependency relations in a market economy. In 2003, Mohammad Gani, a pupil of Leontief, introduced consistency analysis in his book Foundations of Economic Science, which formally looks exactly like the input–output table but explores the dependency relations in terms of payments and intermediation relations. Consistency analysis explores the consistency of plans of buyers and sellers by decomposing the input–output table into four matrices, each for a different kind of means of payment. It integrates micro and macroeconomics into one model and deals with money in a value-free manner. It deals with the flow of funds via the movement of goods.

See also

 Anthropogenic metabolism
 Computable general equilibrium
 Economic base analysis
 Economic planning
 EIOLCA
 Environmentally extended input–output analysis
 Gross output
 Linear programming
 Industrial metabolism
 Industrial organization
 IPO model
 Material balance planning
 Material flow analysis
 Net output
 Shift-share analysis
 Social metabolism
 Socialist economics
 Urban metabolism

References

ابونوری, اسمعیل, فرهادی, & عزیزاله. (2017). آزمون فروض تکنولوژی در محاسبه جدول داده ستانده متقارن ایران: یک رهیافت اقتصاد سنجی. پژوهشهای اقتصادی ایران, 21(69), 117–145.

Bibliography
 Dietzenbacher, Erik and Michael L. Lahr, eds. Wassily Leontief and Input–Output Economics. Cambridge University Press, 2004.
 Isard, Walter et al. Methods of Regional Analysis: An Introduction to Regional Science. MIT Press 1960.
 Isard, Walter and Thomas W. Langford. Regional Input–Output Study: Recollections, Reflections, and Diverse Notes on the Philadelphia Experience. The MIT Press. 1971.
 Lahr, Michael L. and Erik Dietzenbacher, eds. Input–Output Analysis: Frontiers and Extensions. Palgrave, 2001.
 Leontief, Wassily W. Input–Output Economics. 2nd ed., New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
 Miller, Ronald E. and Peter D. Blair. Input–Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions. Prentice Hall, 1985.
 Miller, Ronald E. and Peter D. Blair. Input–Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions, 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
 Miller, Ronald E., Karen R. Polenske, and Adam Z. Rose, eds. Frontiers of Input–Output Analysis. N.Y.: Oxford UP, 1989.[HB142 F76 1989/ Suzz]
 Miernyk, William H. The Elements of Input–Output Anaysis, 1965.Web Book-William H. Miernyk .
 Polenske, Karen. Advances in Input–Output Analysis. 1976.
 Pokrovskii, Vladimir N. Econodynamics. The Theory of Social Production, Springer, Dordrecht, Heidelberg et cetera, 2011.
 ten Raa, Thijs. The Economics of Input–Output Analysis. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
 US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis . Regional multipliers: A user handbook for regional input–output modeling system (RIMS II). Third edition. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1997.
Eurostat Eurostat manual of supply, use and input-output tables. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2008.

External links
 International Input–Output Association
 Input–Output Accounts Data, Bureau of Economic Analysis
 Input–Output Analysis and Related Methods , San José State University
 Doing Business project input/output tables for reforms
 Energy Economics. Input–Output Analysis: Lecture – 6 and Lecture 7 – two introductory videos on Input–Output methodology with a focus on energy economics from IIT Kharagpur.

Models
 REMI (Regional Economic Models, Inc.)
 IMPLAN (Impact Analysis for Planning)
 REDYN (Regional Dynamics Model)

Economics models
Economic planning
National accounts
Urban, rural, and regional economics
Regional science
Mathematical and quantitative methods (economics)
Russian inventions
Soviet inventions
American inventions


text:
Lenzites is a widespread genus of wood-decay fungi in the family Polyporaceae. It was circumscribed by Elias Magnus Fries in 1835. The generic name honours German naturalist Harald Othmar Lenz (1798–1870).

Species
A 2008 estimate placed 6 species in Lenzites. , Index Fungorum accepts 26 species:
Lenzites alba Beeli (1929)
Lenzites alborepanda Lloyd (1923)
Lenzites aurea Velen. (1930)
Lenzites betulina (L.) Fr. (1838)
Lenzites britzelmayrii Killerm. (1925)
Lenzites cinnabarina Imbach (1946)
Lenzites earlei Murrill (1908)
Lenzites ferruginea (F.C.Harrison) Sacc. & Trotter (1912)
Lenzites flabelliformis L.M.Dufour (1913)
Lenzites glabra Lloyd (1919)
Lenzites glabrescens (Berk.) G.Cunn. (1950)
Lenzites kusanoi (Murrill) Teng (1964)
Lenzites leveillei Pat. (1900)
Lenzites lutescens Syd. & P.Syd. (1900)
Lenzites muelleri (Berk. ex Cooke) Lloyd (1919)
Lenzites nummularia Lohwag (1937)
Lenzites pergamenea Pat. (1914)
Lenzites shichiana (Teng & L.Ling) Teng (1964)
Lenzites spegazzinii Bres. (1926)
Lenzites stereoides (Fr.) Ryvarden (1972)
Lenzites styracina (Henn. & Shirai) Lloyd (1919)
Lenzites thermophila O.Falck (1909)
Lenzites trabeiformis (Murrill) Murrill (1912)
Lenzites undulata (Hoffm.) Sacc. & Traverso (1912)
Lenzites yoshinagae Lloyd (1922)

References

Polyporaceae
Polyporales genera
Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries
Fungi described in 1835


text:
Opius occidentalis är en stekelart som beskrevs av Fischer 1963. Opius occidentalis ingår i släktet Opius och familjen bracksteklar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Bracksteklar
occidentalis


text:
Балвано () је насеље у Италији у округу Потенца, региону Базиликата.

Према процени из 2011. у насељу је живело 1306 становника. Насеље се налази на надморској висини од 424 м.

Становништво
Према резултатима пописа становништва 2011. у општини је живело 1.861 становника.

Види још
 Покрајине Италије
 Италијани

Референце

Литература

Спољашње везе

Насеља у округу Потенца
Википројект географија/Насеља у Италији


text:
Джеймс «Джейми» Даймон (, род. 13 марта 1956 года, Нью-Йорк) — американский бизнесмен и банкир, миллиардер. Председатель совета директоров и генеральный директор (CEO) «JPMorgan Chase».

Биография
Джеймс Даймон родился 13 марта 1956 года в Нью-Йорке в семье выходцев из Греции. Его дед, тоже банкир, при иммиграции сменил фамилию с Пападимитру. Исповедует греческое православие.

Учился психологии и экономике в Университете Тафтса, который окончил с отличием (бакалавр, 1978). Степень MBA Гарвардской школы бизнеса (1982).

В 1998 году — президент «Citigroup».

В 2000—2004 годах — генеральный директор (CEO) и председатель «Bank One».

С июля 2004 года — президент и исполнительный директор (COO) «J. P. Morgan Chase & Company».

С 31.12.2005 года — генеральный директор (CEO) и президент «JPMorgan Chase», с 31.12.2006 года одновременно председатель совета директоров.

В 2007 году занял позицию № 15 в рейтинговом списке «25 самых влиятельных персон бизнеса» по версии журнала «Fortune».

В 2011 году занял 75 место в списке самых влиятельных людей по версии американского еженедельника «Time» (выше, чем Барак Обама, занявший 86 место).

В 2011 и 2015 годах по данным агентства «Bloomberg» был назван самым высокооплачиваемым генеральным директором банка в Северной Америке. По итогам 2015 года он получил от JPMorgan $27 млн.

В 1983 году о его помолвке с Джудит Кент было объявлено в «Нью-Йорк Таймс». У пары трое детей: дочери Джулия, Лора и Кара.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Jamie Dimon, Reference for Business.
 Джейми Даймон — самый опасный человек в Америке, bankir.ru, 12.04.2010.

Выпускники школы Браунинга
Выпускники Университета Тафтса
Члены Демократической партии США
Банкиры США
Предприниматели США
JPMorgan Chase
Персоналии:Совет по международным отношениям


text:
Parque Nacional Natural Cordillera de Los Pichachos är en nationalpark i Colombia. Den ligger i den centrala delen av landet,  km söder om huvudstaden Bogotá. Parque Nacional Natural Cordillera de Los Pichachos ligger  meter över havet.

Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är februari, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är maj, med  °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är april, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är januari, med  mm nederbörd.

Kommentarer

Källor

Nationalparker i Colombia


text:
Alfa ed Omega è un'azione ciclica in cinque atti e otto quadri, composta da Costantino Dall'Argine in collaborazione con Gustavo Tofano, Antonio Baur, Romualdo Marenco, Giovanni Bottesini e Giuseppe Giaquinto. Hippolyte Monplaisir ne curò la coreografia.

La prima rappresentazione si svolse il 2 dicembre 1872, presso il Teatro San Carlo di Napoli.

Struttura

 Prologo: Il caos (musica di Gustavo Tofano)
 Atto I: L'età dell'oro (musica di Gustavo Tofano)
 Atto II: L'età del bronzo (musica di Costantino Dall'Argine)
 Atto III: L'età di ferro (musica di Antonio Baur)
 Atto IV: L'età dell'argento (musica di Romualdo Marenco)
 Atto V: Il giudizio finale (musica di Giovanni Bottesini)

Note

Bibliografia

Voci correlate

 Balletto
 Romualdo Marenco
 Giovanni Bottesini
 Teatro San Carlo

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Balletti
Teatro in Italia


text:
La Société des Caoutchoucs de Grand-Béréby, communément appelée SOGB ou SO.G.B, est une société anonyme (SA) de droit ivoirien crée en 1969 par l'État de Côte d'Ivoire. Elle est située entre les villes de Tabou (Côte d'Ivoire) et San-Pédro et se trouve à 14 km de la commune de Grand-Béréby. Le complexe (habitations et plantations compris) s'étend sur près de  hectares soit l'équivalent de la ville d'Abidjan.

Le capital de la SOGB est partagé entre l'État de Côte d'Ivoire (95%) et le Groupe Michelin (5%).

Historique

Création de la société
Depuis l'indépendance en 1960, la Côte d'Ivoire a misé sur l'agriculture. Dans le cadre d'un programme de diversification des cultures d'exportation pour se protéger des fluctuations des cours mondiaux, le développement de l'hévéaculture a constitué un élément essentiel de sa stratégie. A cette fin, le gouvernement ivoirien a créé en 1970, et ce, en association avec la Compagnie Générale des Etablissements Michelin (CGEM), une société pour la production et la transformation du caoutchouc naturel sous les appellations de SODEHEVEA puis de SOCATCI. En 1979, cette société prendra le nom de SOGB.

Privatisation
La SOGB fut créée le  par les décrets 79.223 du 22/03/79 et 79.289 du 17/04/79 et inscrite au registre de commerce du tribunal de Sassandra.

À la suite d'une augmentation de son capital en  la SOGB devient propriétaire de la plantation de GRAND BEREBY et de toutes ses infrastructures. Le capital était alors partagé entre l'Etat (95%) et Michelin (5%).

En 1995, la SOGB dont le capital social s'élevait alors à 21 milliards de FCFA a été privatisée. L'Etat n'en a conservé que 15%. En 2006, L'Etat se désengage entièrement en cédant ses parts. L'actionnariat de la SOGB se compose alors de Béréby Finance (77,69%) et des actionnaires privés (22,31%).

Présentation de la société
Le complexe agro-industriel de la SOGB s'étend sur près de  rachetés en grande partie entre les mains des autochtones Kroumens. Ce complexe se situe entre Tabou et San Pedro.

Le complexe Agro-Industriel
On y accède par l'axe Abidjan – San-Pedro – Grand-Béréby – Tabou entièrement bitumé. Le complexe est situé à environ soixante kilomètres du port autonome de San-Pedro.

Elle est implantée dans une concession de 34.712 hectares limitée au nord par le parc national de TAI, au sud par l'océan Atlantique, à l'ouest par la rivière Nidia et bénéficie de  d'aires protégées. La concession de la plantation est traversée par deux rivières : la Dodo et la Gnegbabo.

Les différentes activités

Culture de l'hévéa
La concession totale de la plantation agro-industrielle de la SOGB s'étend sur environ 34 712 ha dont 15 035 ha plantés en hévéa, avec un rendement moyen annuel en caoutchoucs égal à 1,59 tonnes par hectare en 2012. L'activité principale de la SOGB demeure la création et la gestion de plantations hévéïcoles ainsi que la transformation et la commercialisation du caoutchouc naturel.

En plus de sa propre plantation, la SOGB encadre plus de 12 000 planteurs villageois de Grand-Béréby et de Tabou grâce aux financements accordés par les organismes internationaux de financement de projets de développement tels que le Fonds Ivoiro-Suisse pour le Développement. Les plantations s'étendent sur plusieurs kilomètres et entoure les zones d'habitation. Parmi les plantations d'hévéa, certaines sont vieilles de plus de 25 ans. Les plantations sont détruites une fois arrivées à terme et replantées dans le même espace. Ce travail est effectué chaque année sur une partie de la plantation pour lisser la production annuelle.

Le mécanisme de la récolte a la production quotidienne se passe comme suit : la première étape consiste a la saignée de l'hévéa par le saigneur tous les deux jours. Ensuite, le ramasseur s'occupe d'extraire le caoutchouc de la parcelle saignée pour le mettre dans le point de dépôt de la parcelle. La troisième étape consiste au ramassage général par des tracteurs pour les acheminer vers le Centre de conditionnement de caoutchouc où il sera transformé en produit semi-fini. La dernière étape consiste en l'emballage et l'acheminement des stocks aux différents acheteurs nationaux et internationaux.

La SOGB s'est lancée dans une politique d'achats de caoutchouc de particuliers et de petites coopératives dans le but d'accroire ses productions et développer la culture de l'hévéa.

Culture du palmier à huile
Afin de se protéger des fluctuations des cours mondiaux, la SOGB a diversifié ses activités. C'est ainsi qu'en 1998 un vaste projet de plantation de palmier à huile a été mis en place. Les bas-fonds, surfaces inadaptées à la pratique de l'hévéaculture,  ont été exploités pour la création de palmeraies dont la superficie totale est de 7 082 hectares, avec un rendement moyen annuel en caoutchoucs égal à 21,13 tonnes par hectare en 2012.

Pour la réalisation de ce vaste projet, la SOGB a investi plus d'une vingtaine de milliards de francs CFA aussi bien pour la création, l'entretien et l'exploitation des plantations, que pour la construction de l'huilerie en vue de la transformation de sa production de graine.

L'huilerie,qui est l'industrie de traitement des graines de palmiers à huile, s'occupe de la transformation des graines de palme en semi-fini dont la transformation finale est assurée par les entreprises acheteuses pour en faire des produits cosmétiques de tout genre (savon, pommade) mais aussi des produits alimentaires (huile de palme, beurre).

Notes et références

Entreprise ayant son siège en Côte d'Ivoire


text:
Closterocerus abelardi är en stekelart som beskrevs av Girault 1922. Closterocerus abelardi ingår i släktet Closterocerus och familjen finglanssteklar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Finglanssteklar
abelardi


text:
Ludovico Oxens "Vico" Torriani (* 21. September 1920 in Genf; † 26. Februar 1998 in Agno) war ein Schweizer Schlagersänger, Schauspieler, Showmaster und Kochbuchautor.

Leben
Torriani wurde als Sohn eines Reit- und Skilehrers geboren und wuchs in St. Moritz und Oberrüti auf. Nach der Schule lernte er Konditor, Koch und später noch Kellner. Bereits als 15-Jähriger gab er private Konzerte. Später betätigte er sich als selbständiger Gastwirt, unter anderem in Basel, und machte sich als Autor von Kochbüchern einen Namen. Zwischen 1978 und 1983 führte Vico Torriani das Restaurant Bonne Auberge am Spalenring in Basel.

Wie erst 2017 bekannt wurde, lebte Vico Torriani gemäss amtlichen Unterlagen zwischen 1929 und 1933 zusammen mit seiner Schwester Sonia als "Kostkind" (Verdingkind) auf einem Bauernhof in Oberrüti.

Karriere

Sänger
Während seiner Militärdienstzeit 1939 bis 1945 zeigte Torriani bei Kameradschaftsabenden erstmals musikalische Ambitionen. 1945 siegte er bei einem Talentwettbewerb und tingelte danach durch ganz Europa. 1946 erhielt er sein erstes Festengagement. 1949 hatte er in der Schweiz seinen ersten Hit Silberfäden. 1951 kam der erste grosse Erfolg in Deutschland mit Addio, donna grazia. Danach nahm Torriani zahlreiche Schallplatten mit Schlagern in verschiedenen Sprachen auf.

In den 1950er und 1960er Jahren trat er in zahlreichen Musikfilmen, Operetten und Musicals auf. Er gab Gastspiele in vielen Ländern, darunter auch im Iran. 1964 schien seine Plattenkarriere zunächst vorbei. 1966 sang er das Lied der ARD-Fernsehlotterie So schön, so leicht kann unser Leben sein.

In den 1970er Jahren hatte er wieder grosse Erfolge mit volkstümlichen Melodien. Sein grösster Erfolg wurde 1976 La Pastorella, ein Lied, das inzwischen zu den Evergreens der deutschen Unterhaltungsmusik gehört. Das Lied wurde auch von zahlreichen anderen Interpreten aufgenommen.

Fernsehstar
Ab 1952 trat er im Fernsehen auf. 1955 war Torriani der erste zu erratende Gaststar in der Ratesendung Was bin ich? bei Robert Lembke. 1958 trat er in der deutschen Vorentscheidung zum Grand Prix Eurovision de la Chanson (jetzt: Eurovision Song Contest) an.

Er bekam zunächst in der Schweiz, später auch in Deutschland eigene Shows, wie Grüezi, Vico, Hotel Victoria und 1971 die Vico-Torriani-Show, in denen zahlreiche Gaststars auftraten.

Zwischen 1967 und 1970 war er über viele Folgen hinweg Showmaster in der Fernsehsendung  Der goldene Schuß im ZDF. 1977 war Torriani in der Tatort-Folge Drei Schlingen zu sehen.

Auszeichnungen und Ehrungen
Mit dem Schlager Capri-Fischer landete er 1982 auf Platz eins der vom Zweiten Deutschen Fernsehen produzierten Musikshow Die schönsten Melodien der Welt. 1995 erhielt er den Bambi Lifetime-Award zusammen mit Caterina Valente und Helmut Zacharias. Im selben Jahr wurde er mit dem Ehren-Prix-Walo ausgezeichnet.

Am 24. Februar 2016 wurde im Hotel Reine Victoria in St. Moritz das Musical Hotel Victoria uraufgeführt. Es basiert auf der gleichnamigen Fernsehserie, die von 1961 bis 1968 von Vico Torriani moderiert wurde.

Familie

Torrianis Frau Evelyne Torriani-Güntert (* 17. Juni 1930; † 28. April 2010), mit der er seit 1952 verheiratet war, stammte aus Basel. Das Ehepaar hatte die beiden Kinder Nicole und Reto.

Torriani starb 1998 im Alter von 77 Jahren. Seine Witwe berichtete, dass er aus einem Nachmittagsschlaf nicht mehr aufwachte, und widersprach Presseberichten, er sei an Krebs gestorben. Sein Urnengrab befindet sich auf dem Hauptfriedhof in Lugano.

Diskografie

Alben

Studioalben

Mitwirkung
 196?: Im Traumland der Operette, Nr. 2 (Querschnitt von Im weißen Rößl)
 1964: Nashville Stars On Tour – Live Recordings der großen Country & Western Show (als Conférencier)
 1975: Musik ist Trumpf – Folge 1
 1975: Treffpunkt Herz (Benefiz-LP zur gleichnamigen TV-Show)
 1976: Musik ist Trumpf – Folge 5+6 (Medley Mit Vico durch die Schweiz)
 1977: Peter Alexander serviert die ZDF-Spezialitäten-Show (Doppel-LP zur gleichnamigen TV-Show, Duett mit Peter Alexander)
 1978: Zum Doppelten Engel (LP zur gleichnamigen TV-Show, Ski-Medley)
 1986: So wird's nie wieder sein – Immergrüne Melodien von Gerhard Winkler (Doppel-LP zur gleichnamigen TV-Show)
 1988: Das große deutsche Schlagerfestival der 60er Jahre (Neuaufnahme von Kalkutta liegt am Ganges)

Werkausgaben
 1995: Es war auf dem Canale Grande (DECCA-Aufnahmen von 1951–1959)
 1995: Kalkutta liegt am Ganges (DECCA-Aufnahmen von 1959–1965)
 1995: Torriani Film-Treffer (Zusammenstellung der Filmschlager)
 1996: Granada (DECCA-Aufnahmen von 1951–1956)
 1996: Biedermann und Cool Man (DECCA-Aufnahmen international von 1957–1964)

Kompilationen (Auswahl)
 1981: Die schönsten Lieder
 1998: Danke Vico – Zur Erinnerung an den legendären Sänger und Entertainer

Singles

Chartplatzierungen

Weitere Singles  (Auswahl)
 1951: Bolero / In Milano in der Cafèteria (Elite Special 8926, 78rpm)
 1951: Silberfäden / Eine kleine Serenade (Elite Special 8927, 78rpm)
 1952: Addio, donna grazia
 1953: Bella, bella donna
 1953: Du schwarzer Zigeuner
 1956: Die Stunde kommt / Das gewisse O-la-la
 1959: Ti Diro
 1962: Chi-Chica-Chi
 1968: Azzurro
 1976: La Pastorella
 1981: Capri-Fischer
 1990: Ich könnt' ohne Berge nicht leben
 1996: Einfach danke / Und der Himmel drückt ein Auge zu

Filmografie

Kinofilme

Fernsehen

Auszeichnungen
 1960: Goldene Schallplatte für Kalkutta liegt am Ganges
 1995: Bambi -Lifetime-Award (zusammen mit Caterina Valente und Helmut Zacharias)
 1995: Ehren – Prix-Walo

Publikationen
 Mit Jo Hanns Rösler: Das Vico Torriani Kochbuch. Ich koche mit Liebe und Musik. Verlag Carl Ulrich & Co, 1958.
 Vico Torriani: Gaumenhits für Feinschmecker. Gloria-Verlag, 1974.
 Vico Torriani: Alle meine Rezepte, alle meine Erlebnisse. Moewig 1981, ISBN 3-8118-4005-3.
 Vico Torriani: Nudelfestival – Seine 100 besten Rezepte. Delphin 1988. ISBN 3-7735-5379-X.
 Vico Torriani: Viva la Pizza. Delphin 1989. ISBN 3-7735-5405-2.
 Mit Irmtraut Teltau: Cucina Fantastica. Meine Lieblingsgerichte. Delphin Verlag 1990. ISBN 3-7735-5441-9.

Literatur

 Kay Weniger: Das große Personenlexikon des Films. Die Schauspieler, Regisseure, Kameraleute, Produzenten, Komponisten, Drehbuchautoren, Filmarchitekten, Ausstatter, Kostümbildner, Cutter, Tontechniker, Maskenbildner und Special Effects Designer des 20. Jahrhunderts. Band 8: T – Z. David Tomlinson – Theo Zwierski. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-89602-340-3, S. 15 f.

 Barbara Tänzler: Vico Torriani – Ein Engadiner singt sich in die Welt, NZZ-Libro, Zürich 2020. ISBN 978-3-907291-12-2. (Leseprobe und Video)

Weblinks

 vicotorriani.ch

 Grüezi, grüezi mitenand Dokumentarfilm zum 100. Geburtstag Torrianis von Felice Zenoni

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Schlagersänger
Entertainer
Fernsehmoderator (Deutschland)
Person (ZDF)
Interpret volkstümlicher Schlager (Schweiz)
Autor
Teilnehmer an der deutschen Vorentscheidung zum Eurovision Song Contest
Schweizer
Geboren 1920
Gestorben 1998
Mann


text:
Numerology (known prior to the 20th century as arithmancy) is the belief in an occult, divine or mystical relationship between a number and one or more coinciding events. It is also the study of the numerical value, via an alphanumeric system, of the letters in words and names. When numerology is applied to a person's name, it is a form of onomancy. It is often associated with the paranormal, alongside astrology and similar to divinatory arts.

The term numerologist can be used for those who place faith in numerical patterns and draw  inferences from them, even if those people do not practice traditional numerology. For example, in his 1997 book Numerology: Or What Pythagoras Wrought (), mathematician Underwood Dudley uses the term to discuss practitioners of the Elliott wave principle of stock market analysis.

Etymology
The term arithmancy is derived from two Greek words – arithmos (meaning number) and manteia (meaning divination). "Αριθμομαντεία" Arithmancy is thus the study of divination through numbers. Although the word "arithmancy" dates to the 1570s, the word "numerology" is not recorded in English before c. 1907.

History
The practice of gematria, assigning numerical values to words and names and imputing those values with religious meaning, dates back to antiquity. An Assyrian inscription from the 8th century BC, commissioned by Sargon II. declares "the king built the wall of Khorsabad 16,283 cubits long to correspond with the numerical value of his name." Rabbinic literature used gematria to interpret passages in the Hebrew Bible.

The 6th-century BCE philosopher and mystic Pythagoras believed that numbers carried sacred codes and were divinely inspired and created.

In 325 AD, following the First Council of Nicaea, departures from the beliefs of the state church were classified as civil violations within the Roman Empire. Numerology, referred to as isopsephy, remained in use in conservative Greek Orthodox circles.

Some alchemical theories were closely related to numerology. For example, Persian-Arab alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan (died c. 806−816) framed his experiments in an elaborate numerology based on the names of substances in the Arabic language.

Numerology is prominent in Sir Thomas Browne's 1658 literary Discourse The Garden of Cyrus. Throughout its pages, the author attempts to demonstrate that the number five and the related quincunx pattern can be found throughout the arts, in design, and in nature – particularly botany.

Methods

Alphanumeric systems
There are various numerology systems which assign numerical value to the letters of an alphabet. Examples include the Abjad numerals in Arabic, Hebrew numerals, Armenian numerals, and Greek numerals. The practice within Jewish tradition of assigning mystical meaning to words based on their numerical values, and on connections between words of equal value, is known as gematria.

Latin alphabet systems
There are various systems of numerology that use the Latin alphabet. Different methods of interpretation exist, including Chaldean, Pythagorean, Hebraic, Helyn Hitchcock's method, Phonetic, Japanese, Arabic and Indian.

Pythagorean method
In the so-called 'Pythagorean' method (which uses a kind of place-value for number-letter attributions, as does the ancient Hebrew and Greek systems), the letters of the modern Latin alphabet are assigned numerical values 1 through 9.

Chaldean method
A lesser known method, more popular in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, is the so-called 'Chaldean' method; in this context, "Chaldean" is an old-fashioned name for the Aramaic languages. In the Chaldean method number 9 is not used in the calculations, at least in practice. It is left out because it is thought to be divine and sacred, and therefore unassignable.

This method is radically different from the Pythagorean (as well as both the ancient Greek and Hebrew systems) as letters are assigned values based on equating Latin letters with letters of the Hebrew alphabet in accordance with sound equivalents (then number associations being derived via its gematria) rather than applying the ancient system of place-value used by the Hebrew and Greek gematria (although 'place-value' is almost universally interpreted in the ancient world according to units, tens and hundreds, which nonetheless have the same digital root as place value); in consequence of this there are several slightly different versions, there being disagreements over some of the letter-sound equivalents (it doesn't help matters that the Hebrew alphabet has only twenty-two letters whilst the modern English alphabet has twenty-six).

Agrippan method

Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa applied the concept of arithmancy to the classical Latin alphabet in the 16th century in Three Books of Occult Philosophy. He mapped the letters as follows (in accordance with the Latin alphabet's place-value at that time):

Note that the letters U, J, and W were not commonly considered part of the Latin alphabet at the time.

English Qaballa

English Qaballa (EQ) refers to a system of Hermetic Qabalah that interprets the letters of the English alphabet via an assigned set of values developed by James Lees in 1976. Like most of the systems developed since the death of Aleister Crowley (1875-1947), it was created with the intent of gaining a better understanding of the mysteries elaborated in his inspired works, especially those in Liber AL vel Legis, the Book of the Law. According to Jake Stratton-Kent, "the English Qaballa is a qabalah and not a system of numerology. A qabalah is specifically related to three factors: one, a language; two, a 'holy' text or texts; three, mathematical laws at work in these two."

Chinese numerology

Some Chinese assign a different set of meanings to the numbers and certain number combinations are considered luckier than others. In general, even numbers are considered lucky, since it is believed that good luck comes in pairs.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and its associated fields such as acupuncture, base their system on mystical numerical associations, such as the "12 vessels circulating blood and air corresponding to the 12 rivers flowing toward the Central Kingdom; and 365 parts of the body, one for each day of the year" being the basis of locating acupuncture points.

Related uses
Scientific theories are sometimes labeled "numerology" if their primary inspiration appears to be a set of patterns rather than scientific observations. This colloquial use of the term is quite common within the scientific community and it is mostly used to dismiss a theory as questionable science.

The best known example of "numerology" in science involves the coincidental resemblance of certain large numbers that intrigued mathematical physicist Paul Dirac, mathematician Hermann Weyl and astronomer Arthur Stanley Eddington. These numerical coincidences refer to such quantities as the ratio of the age of the universe to the atomic unit of time, the number of electrons in the universe, and the difference in strengths between gravity and the electric force for the electron and proton. (See also Fine-tuned universe).

Wolfgang Pauli was also fascinated by the appearance of certain numbers, including 137 (a prime number), in physics.

British mathematician I. J. Good wrote:

See also

References

Citations

Works cited

Further reading

External links

 Number symbolism on the Encyclopædia Britannica

Divination
Esoteric Christianity
Language and mysticism


text:
Holcolaetis est un genre d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Salticidae.

Distribution
Les espèces de ce genre se rencontrent en Afrique subsaharienne, au Yémen et au Pakistan.

Liste des espèces
Selon  :
 Holcolaetis albobarbata Simon, 1910
 Holcolaetis clarki Wanless, 1985
 Holcolaetis cothurnata (Gerstäcker, 1873)
 Holcolaetis dyali Roewer, 1951
 Holcolaetis strandi Caporiacco, 1940
 Holcolaetis vellerea Simon, 1910
 Holcolaetis xerampelina Simon, 1886
 Holcolaetis zuluensis Lawrence, 1937

Publication originale
 Simon, 1886 : Études arachnologiques. 18e Mémoire. XXVI. Matériaux pour servir à la faune des Arachnides du Sénégal. (Suivi d'une appendice intitulé: Descriptions de plusieurs espèces africaines nouvelles). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, , ,  (texte intégral).

Liens externes

Notes et références

Salticidae
Genre d'araignées (nom scientifique)


text:
Juan Diego Covarrubias  (Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexikó, 1987. március 24. –) mexikói színész.

Élete
Juan Diego Covarrubias 1987. március 24-én született Guadalajarában. Karrierjét 2008-ban kezdte az Hermanos y detectives című sorozatban. 2009-ben az Atrévete a soñar című telenovellában kapott szerepet. 2010-ben a Teresa című sorozatban Julio szerepét játszotta. 2011-ben az Una familia con suerte című sorozatban megkapta Alfredo Irabién szerepét.

Filmográfia

Források

Mexikói színészek
1987-ben született személyek
Guadalajaraiak (Mexikó)
Élő személyek


text:
est un film japonais réalisé par Higuchinsky, sorti le .

Il s'agit de l'adaptation live du manga de Junji Itō, Spirale.

Synopsis
Un père de famille obsédé par les spirales, des évènements étranges et parfois terrifiants, des escargots géants aperçus distraitement… Non, décidément, rien ne tourne vraiment rond dans la petite ville de Kurouzu.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Uzumaki
 Titre original : うずまき
 Réalisation : Higuchinsky
 Scénario : Kengo Kaji, Takao Nitta et Chika Yasuo, d'après le manga éponyme de Junji Itō
 Production : Sumiji Miyake, Dai Miyazaki
 Musique : Tetsuro Kashibuchi, Keiichi Suzuki
 Photographie : Gen Kobayashi
 Montage : Ryûji Miyajima
 Pays d'origine : Japon
 Format : Couleurs - 1,85:1 - Stéréo - 35 mm
 Genre : Horreur
 Durée : 90 minutes
 Date de sortie :  (Japon)

Distribution
 Eriko Hatsune : Kirie Goshima
 Fhi Fan : Shuichi Saito
 Hinako Saeki : Kyoko Sekino
 Shin Eun-kyung : Chie Marayama
 Keiko Takahashi : Yukie Saito
 Ren Osugi : Toshio Saito
 Denden : Officier Futada
 Masami Horiuchi : Reporter Ichiro Tamura
 Taro Suwa : Yasuo Goshima
 Tooru Teduka : Yokota Ikuo
 Sadao Abe : Mitsuru Yamaguchi
 Asumi Miwa : Shiho Ishikawa

Autour du film
 Dans une scène, on voit un policier qui regarde l'affiche d'une personne recherchée. Sur cette dernière, il s'agit de la photo de Junji Itō, créateur du manga Spirale.

Article connexe
 Spirale, manga ayant inspiré le film

Liens externes
 Critiques Cinemasie
 Critiques Hk Mania

Film japonais sorti en 2000
Film d'horreur japonais
Film fantastique japonais
Adaptation d'un manga au cinéma
Adaptation d'une œuvre de Junji Itō


text:
Eulophia tanganyikensis är en orkidéart som beskrevs av Robert Allen Rolfe. Eulophia tanganyikensis ingår i släktet Eulophia och familjen orkidéer. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Orkidéer
tanganyikensis


text:
De Europese kampioenschappen kyokushin karate 2008 waren door Kyokushin-Kan International (KI) georganiseerde kampioenschappen voor kyokushinkai karateka's. De tweede editie van de Europese kampioenschappen vond plaats in het Russische Moskou.

Resultaten

2008
kyokushin
Sportevenement in Moskou
Sport in 2008


text:
John Charles Werhas (born February 7, 1938 in Highland Park, Michigan) is a former Major League Baseball third baseman who was a pastor for The Rock Community Church in Anaheim Hills, California. He retired from this position on August 23, 2015 and moved to Oregon to spend time with his wife of many years.

Werhas was an All-American third baseman for the University of Southern California Trojans baseball team.  He also played forward for the Trojans basketball team, earning All-PCC honors and honorable-mention All-American recognition in 1959. He was inducted into the school's Hall of Fame in .

Werhas was drafted by the NBA's Los Angeles Lakers in , however, chose to sign with the Los Angeles Dodgers instead. He batted .248 with 26 home runs and 127 runs batted in through three seasons in the minors before having a breakthrough  season with the Spokane Indians. He edged out Ken McMullen for the Dodgers' starting third base job out of spring training . After batting just .169 with eight RBIs through the first 33 games of the season, however, he was displaced by Jim Gilliam, who started the season playing second base. Werhas enjoyed a career game shortly after losing his starting job on May 28, going three-for-four with a walk and run scored in a seventeen-inning marathon with the Cincinnati Reds that ended in a 2-2 tie, but was soon returned to Spokane, regardless. He batted .309 with nine home runs and 51 RBIs for Spokane.

He returned to the Dodgers when rosters expanded in September , going hitless with one walk and a run scored in three pinch hit plate appearances. The only time Werhas took the field was at first base in the final game of the season.

He earned a back-up job in , but was dealt to the California Angels on May 10 for outfielder Len Gabrielson. On June 4, he hit his first major league home run off the Minnesota Twins' Jim Merritt. His only other major league home run came later that month against the Cleveland Indians' Sam McDowell.

Werhas' final major league at bat came with the Angels that season. He remained with the organization through  before heading to Japan in  to play for the Taiyo Whales. In the first trade between a Japanese and an American team, he was dealt to the San Diego Padres' Pacific Coast League affiliate, the Hawaii Islanders, for longtime major leaguer Clete Boyer. He retired following the  season.

Werhas and his wife, Kay, have two children. His daughter is married to former Minnesota Twins and New York Yankees pitcher Dan Naulty.

References

External links

1938 births
Living people
Major League Baseball third basemen
Los Angeles Dodgers players
California Angels players
USC Trojans baseball players
USC Trojans men's basketball players
Hawaii Islanders players
Macon Dodgers players
Spokane Indians players
San Diego Padres (minor league) players
Eugene Emeralds players
Green Bay Dodgers players
Greenville Spinners players
Atlanta Crackers players
Baseball players from Michigan
Los Angeles Lakers draft picks
People from Highland Park, Michigan
People from Anaheim Hills, California
American men's basketball players
Forwards (basketball)


text:
Stad or Stadlandet is a peninsula in Stad Municipality in the northwestern part of the Nordfjord district in Vestland county in Norway.  The peninsula is considered the dividing point between the Norwegian Sea to the north and the North Sea to the south.  The name is sometimes also written as Stadt, Statt, or Statlandet (not to be confused with the similar German word Stadt), because the Norwegian pronunciation of the d in this case is as a t. The name could be translated as "the land of places" or "the land of towns". Some of the larger villages on the peninsula include Ervik (northwestern tip), Borgundvåg and Leikanger (northeastern side), and the village of Selje (southwestern side).

Geography
The peninsula is a  mountain plateau topped by the  Tarvaldsegga peak. There are several lower valleys on the peninsula, but at the western end, the plateau plunges into the sea in a  cliff at Kjerringa.

Stad Peninsula has a very harsh, windy climate.  The highest wind speed in the country is often recorded at this promontory.  Located between the cities of Bergen (to the south) and Ålesund (in Møre og Romsdal county to the north), this is the only peninsula of mainland between Stavanger and Honningsvåg that goes out into open sea without any archipelago that breaks waves. Most of the rest of the ship route from Bergen to Ålesund is protected by islands.  The Svinøy Lighthouse (Svinøy fyr) is located  north of the peninsula on a small island in the Norwegian Sea.

Because of the harsh climate, the peninsula can be an obstacle for ship transport along the coast of Norway. It is one of the main obstacles preventing a fast-boat passenger route from Bergen to Ålesund, a distance of .  Current transportation from Bergen-Ålesund is by air via Oslo, by car (7–8 hours), by bus (9 hours) or by the Hurtigruten coastal ferry (13 hours).

As far back as the 1870s there were plans for the construction of a ship tunnel. A pilot project was developed in 1985, and the development company founded the same year. Plans are currently well underway to build the Stad Ship Tunnel at the narrowest point connecting the Moldefjorden to the Kjødspollen (the innermost part of the Vanylvsfjorden) with capacity to take large ships such as the Hurtigruten vessels.

Media gallery

See also
Norwegian trench

References

External links
 Selje Municipality
 Official travel guide for the Nordfjord region

Peninsulas of Vestland
Stad, Norway


text:
A Young Tiger Playing with its Mother is a painting of 1830–31 by French artist Eugène Delacroix depicting two enormous tigers "playing" with each other. Painted early in his career, it shows how the artist was attracted to animal subjects in this period. The painting was exhibited at the Salon of 1831, and archives of Delacroix's will executor, Achille Piron, revealed that the painter had paid 1,200 francs to insure it. It belonged to M. Maurice Cottier and now is on display at Room 77 of Louvre in Paris.

Influence and analysis
Sweetly, the young background tiger slopes in his mother in the foreground, both running into rocks and under a cloudy sky. Some authors have written that Delacroix's animals paintings were made using his pet cat as a model. And although it seems that the painting inspiration is due to one of his visits to the Jardin des Plantes zoo to see the tigers play with his friend Antoine-Louis Barye (an animal sculptor), Delaroix was always more content to observe his own cat.

The piece was in some way influenced by Rubens and is very opposite of Delacroix's violent Tiger Hunt, both (and others Delacroix painting in this subject) capturing the ferocity and tenderness that these animals are capable of. Delacroix could paint two different works that shows a discrepancy of the tigers behavior. In fact, tiger cubs play in their first years of life because it prepares them for hunting, stalking, climbing and fighting in the grown phase. Tigers and great cats are frequent motifs in Eugène's works (see the following section).

These paintings, along with A Young Tiger Playing with its Mother, can be interpreted as a form of the artist displaying human emotions and passions personified as tame and fierce animals. For example, Delacroix wrote in his Journal of the time: "Men are tigers and wolves driven to destroy one another". His friend Théophile Gautier saw a resemblance between him and manner and those of these great cats that he painted, writing: "His tawny eyes, with their feline expression, his slender lips stretched tight over magnificent teeth, his firm jaw line emphasised by strong cheekbones... gave his features an untamed, a strange, exotic, almost alarming beauty."

In French, the picture is called Jeune tigre jouant avec sa mère. Its fierce but also divinely animals represents the "delight in wildness" that Romantic artists like Delacroix was fascinated with. (His interest in wildlife reaches its peak with Ovid among the Scythians (1859) — where there's no feline, but barbarians people.) The painting of the mother and son tigers had a significant history to painter's works and to the time, as Lee Johnson wrote about it:

Other paintings with similar theme

References

External links
 A Young Tiger Playing with its Mother – Olga's Gallery

1831 paintings
Paintings by Eugène Delacroix
Paintings in the Louvre by French artists
Tigers in art