text:
Wervershoof  è una località olandese situata nella provincia dell'Olanda Settentrionale. Il comune autonomo dal 1º gennaio 2011 è stato accorpato a quello di Medemblik.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Località della provincia dell'Olanda Settentrionale
Comuni della provincia dell'Olanda Settentrionale soppressi


text:
The 19th All-Union Conference of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was a party conference held by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 28 June to 1 July 1988. The conference was attended by 4,991 delegates.

The conference
The General Secretary, Mikhail Gorbachev, declared in his opening speech that political reform was the key issue. Gorbachev wanted to achieve the "democratization of the life of the state and society", and wanted the Soviet Union to "move along the path of the creation of a socialist state under the rule of law".

The Conference called for elections for the governmental soviets at all levels, with secret ballots and multiple candidacies, and it established the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union.

Although Gorbachev had to compromise on some of his several objectives because of conservative resistance, the conference was a significant victory for Gorbachev.

External links
 19th All-Union Conference of the CPSU. Documents and Materials in PDF format

References

1988 in the Soviet Union
History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Perestroika

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Rachel de Thame (born Rachel Cohen, 13 October 1961) is an English gardener, television presenter and actress.

Biography
From the age of 10, de Thame studied ballet to a professional standard at the Royal Ballet School, White Lodge, Richmond Park. De Thame contracted glandular fever at age 15, and chose to give up her dream of a dancing career at age 19. She then undertook a course in Drama at Southgate College in 1979–80 and studied History of Art at London's City Lit, after which she worked for a short period for Colnaghi, a well-respected international firm of art dealers in London. She then married for the first time.

While pregnant with her first baby, de Thame was recruited by a modelling agency and went on to enjoy a successful modelling career. A major part of de Thame's modelling included appearances in TV ads. Casting agents began to suggest de Thame for acting roles. By 1998, she had appeared in the mini-series Merlin and in the British feature film Bodywork; credited in both productions as Rachel Colover.

However, de Thame decided not to continue pursuing an acting career and in 1998, indulging a passion for plants and gardening inherited from her father, she enrolled for two years at the English Gardening School, studying Practical Horticulture and Plants & Plantsmanship, shortly after de Thame auditioned for BBC2's Gardeners' World. Initially presenting on the programme every week, following the birth of her second child from her second marriage she now (as of 2014) makes occasional appearances on the programme. She has also filmed her own series' for the BBC, Small Town Gardens and Gardening with the Experts. De Thame also co-presents the BBC's annual coverage of the Chelsea Flower Show, Hampton Court Palace Flower Show as part of the Royal Horticultural Society output on BBC Two. Other gardening series include Gardeners' World Top Tips and Great British Garden Revival for the BBC, and Countrywise for ITV1.  Non-gardening related television appearances include Going for a Song and Call My Bluff, both for the BBC.

In 2008, de Thame designed the 2008 LK Bennett garden at the Chelsea Flower Show, for which she was awarded a silver medal. In 2012 de Thame designed the floral decorations for the Royal Barge (The Spirit of Chartwell), used to convey Her Majesty The Queen and other members of the Royal Family during the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant.  In 2016 de Thame co-curated the RHS London Rose Show

De Thame has written two gardening books, Small Town Gardens and Rachel de Thame's Top 100 Star Plants, and co-wrote Gardening with the Experts. She currently writes a regular horticultural column for The Sunday Times and has also contributed to the gardening pages of The Daily Telegraph, Gardeners' World Magazine, Woman's Own Magazine, Eden Magazine.
She is currently vice-president of the wildflower charity Plantlife.

De Thame has a lupin variety named after her. in addition to Dahlia 'Rachel de Thame', Auricula 'Rachel de Thame and Rose 'Rachel' was also named in her honour by Pococks Roses.

Personal life
She grew up on the outskirts of North London, the daughter and granddaughter of predominantly Jewish immigrants.

De Thame married her first husband, Stephen Colover, in June 1986. They had two children, and divorced around 1993.

She and her second husband, Gerard de Thame, have two children. They live in West London and the Cotswolds, Gloucestershire, having moved from Oxfordshire.

She was diagnosed with breast cancer in early 2018 and began treatment.

References

External links
Biography at her agent's website

 Rachel's biography at the BBC Gardening website.

1961 births
Living people
Actresses from London
People from Camden Town
English ballerinas
English television actresses
English gardeners
English garden writers
English television presenters
English Jews


text:
Göteborgs landerier, från tyskans länderei, vilket ungefär betyder "bruksjord" (se landeri) var inledningsvis  jordbrukmarker som låg på staden Göteborgs donationsjord, det vill säga mark utanför vallgraven som tilldelats av kronan, och som främst användes för stadens livsmedelsförsörjning. Inledningsvis var dessa landerier ofta betesmarker men mot slutet av 1600-talet och under 1700-talet blev det allt vanligare att landerierna bebyggdes med ståndsmässiga fastigheter, speciellt på landerier som låg längre bort och ofta norr om Göteborg. Dessa blev i många fall sommarvisten och liknande för Göteborgs bättre bemedlade, samtidigt som de fungerade som lantbruk. Flera huvudbyggnader på Göteborgs landerier finns kvar, men ofta mycket ombyggda. Landerierna har gett upphov till stadsdelsnamn, stadsdelsnämndsområden och primärområden, liksom gatu- och kvartersnamn.

Historia

I 34:e artikeln i privilegiebrevet för Göteborg från 1621, finns inskrivet att "Invånarne uti Staden Götheborg och på Dess landerier hafwa at hugna sig af alla de Privilegier, som Nylödöse Stad af ålder haft". Här likställs "staden Göteborg" och "dess landerier" som likvärdiga begrepp. Med "staden Göteborg" avsågs den mark som skulle bebyggas, alltså Inom Vallgraven. Därför ska "dess landerier" tolkas som den mark som låg inom donationsjorden, men samtidigt utanför vallarna och som ursprungligen inte var avsett för bebyggelse.

I första hand var landerimarken avsedd som "mulbete", det vill säga betesmark för hästar, nöt, svin och får, och den uppläts ofta till inkallade holländska bönder. Under 1600-talet, och ända in på 1700-talet, ägnade sig städernas invånare ofta åt lantmannasysslor. Städerna som anlades under denna period fick därför ofta i donationerna en väl tilltagen utmark - till skillnad mot städer som tillkom senare - vilket tillsammans med stadens gemensamma inägor bildade "stadsägorna". Även landerimarken bebyggdes efterhand, eftersom redan i slutet av 1640-talet var nästan alla tomterna inom vallarna bebyggda. I regel var det magistratet som fördelade tomterna på landerierna och inte sällan gavs markerna till magistratledamöterna själva som en löneförmån, eller till andra högt uppsatta medborgare. Bara ibland begärde regeringen att någon speciell person skulle få ett arrende. När arrendetiden gick ut hade alltid innehavaren företräde, om han kunde bjuda lika mycket som den högstbjudande. Innehavaren av arrendet på landeri hade ingen rätt att sälja arrendet och inte heller insätta någon i en befattning eller förordna någon till en tjänst som innebar att personen skulle bosätta sig på marken. 1696 hade magistratet skapat stadgar som nästan enbart gjorde att arrendena gick till magistratledamöter och efter en rådmans död skulle landeriet övergå till hans efterträdare. Änkor fick dock bo kvar i ett år efter makes bortgång. Landeriarrendatorer som inte ingick i magistratet, men som lagt ned stora kostnader på området skulle inte avhysas så länge som de fullgjorde sina skyldigheter.

På donationsjorden kunde staden anlägga offentliga inrättningar som sjukhus, fängelser, parker, museer och skolor.

Många av landeriernas huvudbyggnader finns kvar. De har gett upphov till flera stadsdelars namn (stadsdelsnämndsområden och primärområden), liksom gatu- och kvartersnamn. Så sent som 1965 omvandlades donationsjorden till vanlig kommunal mark.

Landerierna arrenderades ut till stadens borgare. Flera av de tidiga industrierna anlades på landerierna. Många av landerierna låg utanför Göteborg stad innan dessa områden införlivades.

Göteborgs landerier förknippas idag ofta med de marker där de byggdes ståndsmässiga gårdar, landerier som ofta har funnits sedan 1600- och 1700-talen. Dessa låg främst längre bort och ofta norr om Göteborg. Men det fanns även mindre landerier, som låg närmre staden och som ofta saknade större gårdar, som plantagerna i Haga, mindre gårdar i anslutning till hamnarna i Masthugget. Det skapades även mindre landerier utmed Södra Vägen på 1800-talet.

Det ska påpekas att alla ståndsmässiga gårdar i Göteborg med omgivningar inte varit landerier. Inom nuvarande gränser för Göteborgs kommun fanns även herrgårdar och säterier. Gillbladska landeriet i Lundby socken på Hisingen låg inte på stadens donationsjord och var alltså inget landeri. Andra välbyggda gårdar, som inte heller låg på stadens donationsjord och således inte var landerier var Gubbero, Olivedal och Gibraltar.

Göteborgs stadsmuseum har identifierat 40 landerier i Göteborg med herrgårdsliknande manbyggnader:
 Amijas plantage, (Vauxhall) revs 1906
 Annebergs landeri, revs 1878
 Bagaregårdens landeri
 Brantdala (Lilla Lorensberg)
 Carlsbergs landeri, revs 1927
 Gummero, revs 1933
 Götabergs landeri, revs 1904
 Hedås landeri, revs omkring 1916
 Johannebergs landeri
 Katrineström
 Kristinebergs landeri
 Kristinedals landeri, revs på 1960-talet
 Kristinelunds landeri, revs kring sekelskiftet 1800/1900
 Kvibergs landeri (Villa Bellevue), brann 1971
 Kvibergsnäs landeri
 Leontinedal
 Lilla Katrinelund (Normanska plantaget)
 Lilla Olskroken (Gullbergs äng), revs på 1930-talet
 Lisebergs landeri
 Lorensberg, brann 1864
 Lyckan, revs 1921
 Mariedals landeri
 Mariefreds landeri, revs efter 1910
 Marieholms landeri, revs 1938
 Möllerska plantaget, brann 1885
 Norra Burgården, revs 1936
 Oscarsdal (tidigare Fredriksdal), revs 1912
 Redbergets landeri (Danska gästgivargården), revs 1911
 Rosengård, revs i början av 1900-talet
 Simsons plantage, revs 1922
 Skräppekärrs landeri (La Fin), revs på 1970-talet
 Stora Härlanda, revs på 1930-talet
 Stora Katrinedal, revs 1956 för att ge plats åt Ullevi
 Stora Katrinelund
 Stora Olskroken (Wahammar), revs på 1930-talet
 Södra Burgården, revs i början av 1900-talet
 Tegelbruket
 Ulriceberg
 Waterloo, revs 1950
 Ånäs landeri, revs 1957

Se även
 Malmgårdar i Stockholm
 Stadsprivilegium
 Jordnatur
 Sätesgård
 Hellewi Kullman
 Lista över slott och herresäten i Västergötland

Referenser

Noter

Källor

 Kulturmiljövision Göteborg förstärkt: Landerierna, Kulturmiljörapport 2018:1, Göteborgs stadsmuseum
 goteborg.se: Gamlestaden - Kviberg från forntid till nutid

Vidare läsning

Externa länkar
 Göteborgsutställningen

Göteborgs historia


text:
Отреві́ль-Сен-Ламбе́р () — муніципалітет у Франції, у регіоні Гранд-Ест, департамент Мез. Населення —  осіб (2011).

Муніципалітет розташований на відстані близько 220 км на схід від Парижа, 95 км на північний захід від Меца, 90 км на північ від Бар-ле-Дюка.

Історія

До 2015 року муніципалітет перебував у складі регіону Лотарингія. Від 1 січня 2016 року належить до нового об'єднаного регіону Гранд-Ест.

Демографія

Розподіл населення за віком та статтю (2006):

Економіка

Посилання

 Отревіль-Сен-Ламбер на сайті французького Національного інституту географії
 Отревіль-Сен-Ламбер на сайті французького Національного інституту статистики й економічних досліджень
 [ Розташування муніципалітету Отревіль-Сен-Ламбер на мапі Франції та сусідні муніципалітети]

Див. також
 Список муніципалітетів департаменту Мез

Примітки

Муніципалітети департаменту Мез


text:
The 2022 Slovak regional elections were held on 29 October 2022. For the first time, local elections took place simultaneously.

Summary results
Alliance candidates received the most votes of any party in the country, more than half a million.The following tables summarize the elected deputies by their party affiliation (also with coalitions).

Results by region
The following tables summarize the elected governors by their party orientation (in notes are also their parties).

References

Regional
Slovakia
Regional elections in Slovakia


text:
Adolfo Suárez González , premier duc de Suárez, né le  à Cebreros, dans la province d'Ávila, et mort le  à Madrid, est un homme d'État espagnol, président du gouvernement d'Espagne de 1976 à 1981. C'est sous son gouvernement que fut menée la Transition démocratique et approuvée la Constitution espagnole de 1978.

Origines
Fils d'un républicain devenu cadre franquiste, il obtient un doctorat de droit à l'université complutense de Madrid. Membre du Mouvement national, il commence sa carrière politique dans l'administration, sous les ordres de , un phalangiste travaillant à l'Opus Dei puis dans le gouvernement du généralissime Francisco Franco. Il devient ensuite chef du parti unique phalangiste

Famille
Adolfo Suárez épouse le 15 juillet 1961, Amparo Illana Elórtegui (1934-2001), avec qui, il a cinq enfants : María del Amparo "Mariam" (1963-2004), Adolfo (1964), Laura (1966), Sonsoles (1967) et Francisco Javier (1969). Ils ont quatre petits enfants : Alejandra, duchesse de Suárez et Fernando (enfants de Mariam), Adolfo et Pablo (enfants d'Adolfo).

Dans le Mouvement national
 1958 : il entre au secrétariat général du Mouvement national.
 1961 : il est chef de cabinet du vice-secrétaire général.
 1968 : il est gouverneur civil de Ségovie.
 1969 : il est désigné directeur général de la radio-télévision espagnole.
 avril 1975 : il devient le vice-secrétaire du Mouvement national, parti unique depuis 18 ans.
  : un mois après la mort de Franco, il devient le nouveau secrétaire général du Mouvement national, membre du gouvernement de Carlos Arias Navarro.

Président du gouvernement

Homme de confiance de Juan Carlos
En juillet 1976, Suárez, âgé de 43 ans, est choisi par le roi Juan Carlos pour succéder à Carlos Arias Navarro. Parfait inconnu du grand public, Suárez est chargé de mener à bien la transition démocratique, de démanteler les structures franquistes et de préserver la monarchie. Il réunit autour de lui des personnalités converties au principe démocratique, issues principalement du franquisme et de la Phalange espagnole mais aussi des sociaux-démocrates, des libéraux et des chrétiens-démocrates.

Liquidation du franquisme
Avec l'aide de Torcuato Fernández Miranda, il procède à l'autoliquidation des Cortes franquistes qui regroupent les ultras de l'ancien régime, les militaires et les vétérans de la guerre civile. Suárez impose des réformes politiques qui débouchent sur l'autorisation des partis politiques et annonce des élections démocratiques en vue de former une assemblée constituante pour l'année 1977. Ce faisant, il impose aux partis républicains, pour lever leur interdit, d'accepter la monarchie parlementaire et le drapeau espagnol rouge et or. Ce n'est pas sans difficulté en 1977 que Santiago Carrillo, chef du Parti communiste espagnol, proclamera sa loyauté à Juan Carlos et au drapeau espagnol devant les caméras de télévision, lui permettant ainsi de participer aux élections.

Victoire électorale
Le , les élections sont remportées par la toute nouvelle Union du centre démocratique (UCD) d'Adolfo Suárez, formation de centre-droit composée de libéraux et d'anciens franquistes modérés alors que les plus conservateurs ont fondé l'Alliance populaire avec Manuel Fraga. L'Assemblée constituante adopte une nouvelle Constitution laquelle est approuvée par référendum par le peuple espagnol le . En 1979, l'UCD remporte de nouveau les élections.

Démission et fondation du CDS

En février 1981, épuisé par la mise en place de toutes les réformes durant la Transition démocratique et par les difficultés économiques et sociales, il est remplacé à la tête du gouvernement par Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo. Lors du débat d'investiture du nouveau gouvernement, le , une tentative de coup d'État a lieu au Congrès par Antonio Tejero, lieutenant-colonel de la garde civile.

En 1982, Suárez fonde le Centre démocratique et social (CDS) sans grand succès politique alors que l'UCD disparaît progressivement du paysage politique en laissant la place à l'Alliance populaire (futur Parti populaire).

Fin de vie politique
En 1991, Adolfo Suárez se retire de la vie politique. En 1996, le roi lui confère la dignité de Grand d'Espagne et le titre de duc de Suárez.

Le , le musée Adolfo Suárez et de la Transition est ouvert au public dans son village natal.

Maladie et mort
Le  son fils, Adolfo Suárez Illana, a indiqué au journal El Pais que son père affligé par la maladie d'Alzheimer, . Il meurt le  à la clinique Centro de Madrid.

Le lendemain de son décès, le ministère espagnol de l'Équipement approuve le changement de nom du premier aéroport du pays, désormais baptisé aéroport Adolfo Suárez, Madrid-Barajas. Le roi Juan Carlos  lui attribue à titre posthume le collier de l'ordre Charles III.

Son œuvre politique

C'est pendant le gouvernement d'Adolfo Suárez (1976-1981) qu'est adoptée la loi de réforme politique, qu'est proclamée l'amnistie générale et que sont légalisés les partis politiques. C'est son gouvernement d'Union du centre démocratique (UCD) qui abolit la censure, démantèle le ministère de l'Information et du Tourisme et décrète la mise en place d'un ministère de la Culture.

Il se montre inflexible face aux tentatives d'intimidation des membres de l'état-major lors de la légalisation de l'ensemble des partis interdits sur le sol espagnol depuis 39 années. Le , il fait publier un décret-loi qui fixe les nouvelles conditions de la liberté d'expression. L'article 1 reconnaît le principe de cette liberté ainsi que le droit à la diffusion de l'information sans autres limitations que celles que fixe le droit général. Il s'agit, exprimée en quelques lignes, d'une révolution dans les mentalités car ce décret abroge la plupart des dispositions de la loi Fraga. Désormais l'Administration ne peut décréter le séquestre administratif d'imprimés ou de reproductions graphiques et sonores que dans les cas d'atteinte à l'unité de l'Espagne, à l'institution monarchique, aux forces armées ou à la famille royale.

C'est au cours de cette période enthousiasmante mais également dramatique  que rentrent au pays quelques-unes des personnalités de la culture républicaine : Alberti, Zambrano, Sanchez Albornoz, Guillén, etc. Le , le Guernica de Pablo Picasso arrive à l'aéroport de Madrid-Barajas, avec les honneurs rendus d'ordinaire à un chef d'État.

Enfin la liberté de penser et de créer est proclamée par la Constitution de 1978 et affermie par un changement déterminant dans la mentalité des responsables politiques. Conscients que sur ce point les avis divergent, les uns nomment Transition démocratique la période 1976-1982. Pour les autres, c'est avec l'accession au pouvoir du Parti socialiste ouvrier espagnol (PSOE) de Felipe González à l'automne 1982, que s'achève la phase transitoire proprement dite. Il est clair que la transition s'était ébauchée dès la fin des années soixante, par exemple lorsque, le , conformément à la loi organique de l'État, Franco avait désigné le prince Juan Carlos comme son successeur.

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Gouvernement Suárez I, II et III

Bibliographie
 Javier Cercas, Anatomie d'un instant, Actes Sud, 2010 .
  Gregorio Morán, Adolfo Suárez: historia de una ambición, 1979.
  Gregorio Morán, Adolfo Suárez: ambición y destino, 2009.
 .

Liens externes

Personnalité politique espagnole de la Transition démocratique
Premier ministre d'Espagne
Personnalité de l'Union du centre démocratique (Espagne)
Personnalité du Centre démocratique et social
Député de la province de Madrid
Membre du premier gouvernement pré-constitutionnel
Second gouvernement pré-constitutionnel
Député espagnol de la législature constituante
Député espagnol de la Ire législature
Député espagnol de la IIe législature
Député espagnol de la IIIe législature
Député espagnol de la IVe législature
Avocat espagnol du XXe siècle
Étudiant de l'université complutense de Madrid
Étudiant de l'université de Salamanque
Lauréat du prix Princesse des Asturies de la concorde
Chevalier de l'ordre espagnol de la Toison d'or (XXIe siècle)
Grand-croix de l'ordre d'Isabelle la Catholique
Grand-croix avec collier de l'ordre de Charles III d'Espagne
Grand-croix de l'ordre d'Alphonse X le Sage
Grand-croix de l'ordre du Mérite civil (Espagne)
Naissance en septembre 1932
Naissance dans la province d'Ávila
Décès en mars 2014
Décès à Madrid
Décès à 81 ans
Mort de la maladie d'Alzheimer
Secrétaire général de FET y de las JONS
Duc de Suárez


text:
UEE se poate referi la:
 Uniunea Economică Euroasiatică
 Uniunea Euroasiatică
 Uniunea Europeană a Esperanto


text:
Bright est un producteur de contenus digitaux en 3D, immersifs, ludiques fondé par Abdel Bounane.

En 2020 Bright co-produit "Prisme7", le premier jeu-vidéo du Centre Pompidou, ainsi que "Unpresidential !", jeu-vidéo de combat parodique opposant les candidats à l'élection américaine Donald Trump et Joe Biden.

Les productions de Bright transforment des contenus complexes en contenus infographiques 3D, sites immersifs, réalité augmentée et virtuelle, jeux-vidéo. Pour son fondateur, "La 3D et le jeu vidéo permettent de comprendre des informations complexes, plus facilement qu'avec d'autres mediums"

Debuts
Bright était originellement une plateforme pour la diffusion de l'art numérique, qui diffusait des œuvres numériques (art vidéo, œuvres data, œuvres interactives) pour les marques, les espaces publics et les villes. Elle a été reconnue comme étant l'une des premières plateformes à proposer un business model à l'art numérique.

Lien Externe
Site web : www.brig.ht

Notes et références

Art numérique


text:
Carriera

Club
Ad agosto 2006, il , squadra inglese di Premiership, offrì un contratto a Gray dopo un provino riuscito con loro, senza poi tesserarlo.

Nazionale
Il suo esordio internazionale risale al marzo del 2001 in una gara di qualificazione alla Coppa del Mondo contro la Costa Rica. Durante una partita di Digicel Cup, Gray segnò il suo primo gol per la Nazionale nella vittoria per 2-0 su Grenada, il 26 novembre 2004, cinque giorni dopo il suo 31º compleanno. Gray capitanò la selezione in una gara amichevole contro il Giappone, il 9 agosto 2006. Dalla Coppa del Mondo FIFA del 2006 Cyd Gray e Dwight Yorke furono gli unici due giocatori nati in Tobago sull'elenco ufficiale dei convocati.

Collegamenti esterni

Calciatori della Nazionale trinidadiana


text:
Louis Bosworth Hurt, né en  et mort en , est un peintre paysagiste britannique.

Biographie et œuvre
Hurt est né à Ashbourne, dans le Nord du Derbyshire, en Angleterre. Il a été élève de George Turner, qui fut surnommé le John Constable du Derbyshire. Leurs peintures se ressemblent par leur style. Hurt et sa femme, Harriet, ont vécu dans le Derbyshire, où ils ont élevé un troupeau de highlands. Hurt est renommé pour ses peintures de ce troupeau et les études de cette race bovine qu'il a faites en Écosse. Il a aussi peint près de Bettwys-y-Coed, où il avait une résidence secondaire.

Hurt a exposé treize fois à la Royal Academy dans les années 1880 et 1890 et tenu des expositions en province. La  à Bournemouth possède une grande collection de ses peintures, ayant été fondée par l'un des clients de Hurt. Des peintures de Hurt se trouvent aussi à Reading, à Manchester, à Rotherham et à Sheffield. Les peintures qu'il a vendues de 7 à 40 livres à l'origine étaient évaluées à  en 2005.

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en 1856
Naissance dans le Derbyshire
Peintre paysagiste britannique
Peintre britannique du XIXe siècle
Peintre britannique du XXe siècle
Peintre anglais du XXe siècle
Décès en décembre 1929
Décès dans le Derbyshire


text:
Pierre Hubert Dibombe est un boxeur français d'origine camerounaise, né le  à Saint-Sébastien-sur-Loire.

Parcours en amateur
Après 9 ans de pratique de Taekwondo, dont un titre de champion de France minimes 1 en moins de 42 kg en , Dibombe se réoriente vers la boxe anglaise à l'âge de 15 ans. 53 victoires en 63 combats amateurs le poussent à passer professionnel en 2014.

Carrière professionnelle
C'est sous les couleurs de son club, le Nantes Atlantique Boxe, que Pierre Dibombe remporte sa première médaille, le tournoi de France 2016 dans la catégorie des poids super-moyens. Il continue ensuite son parcours dans la catégorie de poids supérieure, les poids mi-lourds. Il remporte le championnat de France en 2017, le championnat WBA intercontinental en 2018 et le championnat d'Europe EBU en 2019. Il obtient ce dernier titre à Saint-Nazaire dans la salle la Soucoupe le  face à l'ukrainien Serhiy Demchenko.

Références

Liens externes

Boxeur français
Naissance en novembre 1991
Naissance à Saint-Sébastien-sur-Loire


text:
The Great Escape is the fourth studio album of singer songwriter Ilse DeLange. The album debuted at number 1 in the Megacharts Album Top 100 in the Netherlands and stayed there for seven weeks.

Track listing
 Reach For The Light - 04:35
 The Lonely One - 03:51
 The Great Escape - 04:01
 Was It Love - 04:04
 I Always Will - 05:17
 Miss Politician - 03:40
 Don't You Let Go Of Me - 05:05
 Carry Hope - 04:19
 Waterfall - 03:51
 Far Away - 04:22
 I Love You - 03:52
 The Valley - 04:16
 When - 03:57
 But Beautiful - 03:19 (International bonus track)

Chart performance
The album debuted at #1 in the Netherlands and stayed there for 7 weeks in a row. The Great Escape has never left the top 20 since its release and spent 16 weeks in the top 10 and 37 weeks in the top 20. The album was certified Platinum in August and double Platinum in December 2006.

Albums

Singles

References

External links
 Official website
 Official Myspace

2006 albums
Ilse DeLange albums
Universal Music Netherlands albums


text:
O AACTA Awards de melhor filme é uma condecoração anual oferecida pela Academia Australiana de Cinema e Televisão desde 2012.

Vencedores e indicados

Década de 2010

Ligações externas

Página oficial da AACTA

Prémios de cinema para melhor filme
Prémios do Australian Film Institute


text:
Autostrada A35 (Holandia)
 Autostrada A35 (Portugalia)
 Autostrada A35 (Włochy)


text:
Cerkiew Świętego Ducha (, ) – cerkiew greckokatolicka, a później prawosławna, zbudowana w Mińsku w XVII wieku, zburzona w 1937 przez władze sowieckie; odbudowana w 2011.

Historia
Została postawiona w połowie XVII wieku jako część klasztoru bazylianów. Po włączeniu Mińska do Rosji unicką cerkiew przekształcono w prawosławny sobór katedralny pod wezwaniem Świętych Piotra i Pawła. W połowie XIX wieku świątynia została przebudowana w stylu rosyjsko-bizantyjskim; kolejnej przebudowy dokonano w 1893.

W 1937 cerkiew zniszczono na mocy decyzji władz Białoruskiej SRR. W 2011 ją zrekonstruowano, jednak nie przywrócono rzeźb na fasadzie i budynków klasztornych.

Zobacz też
 Lista zabytków historii i architektury na Białorusi zniszczonych przez władze ZSRR

Przypisy

Mińsk
Architektura renesansowa na Białorusi
Świątynie pod wezwaniem Ducha Świętego
Zniszczone cerkwie na Białorusi
Ducha Św.
Zniszczone zabytki Mińska
Cerkwie eparchii mińskiej
Zabytkowe cerkwie na Białorusi
Dawne cerkwie greckokatolickie na Białorusi


text:
Експедиці́йна меда́ль за війну́ з терори́змом (США) () — військова нагорода США, запроваджена 2003 президентом США Джорджем Бушем.

Медаллю нагороджуються військовослужбовці Збройних сил США, які брали безпосередню участь у глобальній війни з тероризмом. Для нагородження є такі критерії: безперервна військова служба протягом щонайменше 30 діб або не менш 60 діб з перервами під час проведення антитерористичних операцій (за винятком участі в операціях в Іраку та Афганістані). Медаллю також можуть нагороджуються військовослужбовці, які брали безпосередню участь у бойових діях поза межами США, підпадали під терористичну атаку, були поранені або вбиті поза залежності від кількості відслужених діб.

Експедиційною медаллю за війну з тероризмом нагороджуються за військову службу в наступних, оголошених зонами глобальної війни з тероризмом, операційних зонах:
 Азербайджан
 Афганістан (з 24 жовтня 2001 до 30 квітня 2005)
 Алжир
 Бахрейн
 Болгарія(Бургас)
 Буркіна-Фасо
 Греція (Крит)
 Грузія
 Колумбія
 Кіпр
 Дієго-Гарсія
 Джибуті
 Еритрея
 Ефіопія
 Єгипет
 Ємен
 Іран
 Ізраїль
 Йорданія
 Казахстан
 Катар
 Кенія
 Киргизстан
 Косово (тільки за участь в операціях, які не підпадають під нагородження медаллю за кампанію у Косово )
 Кувейт
 Ліван
 Мавританія
 Малі
 Марокко
 Нігер
 Нігерія
 Об'єднані Арабські Емірати
 Оман
 Пакистан
 Румунія (Констанца)
 Саудівська Аравія
 Сенегал
 Сомалі
 Сирія
 Сьєрра-Леоне
 Танзанія
 Таджикистан
 Туніс
 Туреччина
 Туркменістан
 Угорщина
 Узбекистан
 Філіппіни
 Чад
Частина акваторії Аравійського моря північніше 10-ї паралелі північної широти та західніше 68-го меридіану східної довготи, у тому числі:
 Баб-ель-Мандебська протока
 Аденська затока
 Заток Акаба
 Оманська затока
 Суецька затока
Частина акваторії Середземного моря, що прилягає до Близького Сходу.
Особовий склад, що брав участь в антитерористичній операції «Nomad Shadow», в таких регіонах:
 Перська затока
 Червоне море
 Ормузька протока
 Суецький канал.

Посилання

 Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal
 WAR ON TERRORISM EXPEDITIONARY MEDAL
 GLOBAL WAR ON TERRORISM EXPEDITIONARY MEDAL
 Global War on Terrorism Medal (Expeditionary)
 Global War on Terrorism Medals

Військові нагороди США
Нагороди, засновані 2003


text:
Golczowice (dodatkowa nazwa w j. niem. Golschowitz) –  przysiółek wsi Zawada w Polsce, położony w województwie opolskim, w powiecie prudnickim, w gminie Głogówek.

W latach 1975–1998 przysiółek administracyjnie należał do ówczesnego województwa opolskiego.

Nazwa
Topograficzny opis Górnego Śląska z 1865 roku notuje wieś pod obecnie stosowaną, polską nazwą Golczowice, a także zgermanizowaną Golschowitz we fragmencie: "Golschowitz (polnisch Golczowice)". 1 października 1948 r. nadano miejscowości, wówczas administracyjnie związanej z Zawadą, polską nazwę Gołczowice. Nazywana też Golszowice.

Mieszkańcy
Miejscowość zamieszkiwana jest przez mniejszość niemiecką oraz Ślązaków. Mieszkańcy przysiółka posługują się gwarą prudnicką, będącą odmianą dialektu śląskiego. Należą do podgrupy gwarowej nazywanej Klocołrzy.

Zabytki
Zgodnie z gminną ewidencją zabytków w Golczowicach chroniony jest:
 kościół parafialny pw. św. Anny

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Zawada (powiat prudnicki)


text:
Gabriel Tiacoh, né le  à Abidjan et mort le  à Atlanta), est un athlète ivoirien, spécialiste du 400 mètres, premier médaillé olympique pour la Côte d'Ivoire.

Issu de la lignée de notables de Toumodi de Côte d'Ivoire, il est le fis du docteur Kouadio Tiacoh Rémi Blaley, médecin gynécologue et membre fondateur en 1946 du parti démocratique ivoirien PDCI-RDA.

Carrière
C'est à l'âge de treize ans au Centre Sportif Municipal d'Épinay-sur-Seine que débute la vie athlétique de Gabriel Tiacoh. Entraîné par Pascal Zavaroni, cet étonnant junior tel que le qualifiait L'Équipe, se distingue très tôt, d'abord sur les haies puis sur le plat. Après plusieurs titres de champion de France juniors et universitaires, Tiacoh part aux États-Unis en 1983 poursuivre ses études à l'Université de l'État de Washington. Sous la houlette de John Chaplin, entraîneur en chef des « cougars », il continue de courir. Il a comme compagnons d'entraînement des athlètes de classe mondiale tels que Julius Korir, Moracho, Nordquist, Joseph Taiwo. Henry Rono, champion kényan, avait fréquenté la même université quelques années plus tôt.

En 1984, Gabriel Tiacoh remporte les championnats de la conférence  sur , en  et se classe quelques semaines plus tard sixième de la finale des championnats universitaires américains NCAA. Il remporte également le  et la médaille d'argent du relais 4 x 100 m des championnats d'Afrique à Rabat.

Aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1984 à , Tiacoh court sa série en  puis établit en demi-finale la meilleure performance mondiale de la saison en , pourtant on lui attribue le , le plus mauvais couloir, le  étant vide en raison de la blessure du coureur jamaïcain Bert Cameron. Courant en aveugle, Tiacoh décroche la médaille d'argent avec un temps de  derrière l'Américain Alonzo Babers, établissant un nouveau record d'Afrique. Le coureur ivoirien entre ainsi dans l'histoire olympique en devenant, à , le premier ressortissant d'Afrique de l'Ouest médaillé olympique en athlétisme.  En tout état de cause, au regard des nouvelles règles et pratiques, selon lesquelles les meilleurs couloirs sont attribués aux meilleurs chronos, on peut légitimement et objectivement supposer que ce classement aurait été tout autre et que l'intéressé aurait été auréolé du titre olympique.

Deux ans plus tard, au meeting Pepsi, il améliore son record d'Afrique le portant à , avant de réaliser  en finale des championnats universitaires américains. Il remporte également pour la troisième année consécutive les championnats de la  en , ce qu'aucun athlète n'a réalisé auparavant. Cette année-là, il sort de l'université avec un MBA. Poursuivant sa saison en Europe, il remporte tous les meetings auxquels il participe, parmi lesquels ceux de Zurich en  ou Nikaïa en , ne concédant qu'une seule défaite à Berlin. Au terme de cette saison, Tiacoh a couru neuf fois sous les . Ces résultats lui permettent de se classer  mondial sur la distance. Cette même année à , en Espagne, il établit également la meilleure performance africaine de tous les temps sur  en courant la distance en .

En 1992, Gabriel Tiacoh décède d'une méningite, à l'âge de . La scène sportive ivoirienne venait de perdre l'un de ses plus brillants représentants.

Palmarès

 Record d'Afrique du 400 m  en 1984, en 44 s 54
 Record d'Afrique du 400 m  en 1986, en 44 s 32
 Record d'Afrique du 400 m  en 1986, en 44 s 30
 Record d'Afrique du 300 m  en 1986, en 31 s 74 (record battu en 2015 par le champion du monde Sud Africain Wayde van Niekerk)
 Champion d'Afrique du 400 m en 1984 et 1989
 Médaillé d'argent du 4 x 100 m aux Championnats d'Afrique d'athlétisme 1984
 Médaillé d'argent du 4 x 400 m aux Championnats d'Afrique d'athlétisme 1988
 Champion des premiers Jeux de la Francophonie à Casablanca au Maroc en 1989
 Champion de la  Pac 10 en 1984 (45 s 24), 1985 (45 s 00) et 1986 (44 s 58)
  sur 400 m en 1989 à la Coupe du Monde d'athlétisme à Barcelone, Espagne
 Champion universitaire américain NCAA en 1986
 Champion de France du 400 m  en 1982, 1983, et 1984.

Liens externes

Naissance en février 1963
Décès en avril 1992
Sprinteur ivoirien
Coureur de 400 mètres
Athlète (homme) aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1984
Athlète (homme) aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1988
Champion d'Afrique d'athlétisme
Médaillé d'argent olympique ivoirien
Décès à 29 ans
Naissance à Abidjan
Décès à Atlanta
Mort de la méningite


text:
The eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has a history of conflict, where various armies, rebel groups, and outside actors have profited from mining while contributing to violence and exploitation during wars in the region. The four main end products of mining in the eastern DRC are tin, tungsten, tantalum, and gold, which are extracted and passed through a variety of intermediaries before being sold to international markets. These four products, (known as the 3TGs) are essential in the manufacture of a variety of devices, including consumer electronics such as smartphones, tablets, and computers.

Some have identified the conflict as significantly motivated by control over resources. In response, several countries and organizations, including the United States, European Union, and OECD have designated 3TG minerals connected to conflict in the DRC as conflict minerals and legally require companies to report trade or use of conflict minerals as a way to reduce incentives for armed groups to extract and fight over the minerals.

In the United States, the 2010 Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act required manufacturers to audit their supply chains and report use of conflict minerals.   In 2015 a US federal appeals court struck down some aspects of the reporting requirements as a violation of corporations' freedom of speech, but left others in place.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

As of 2010, the conflict resource fueling the world's deadliest war is gold in the Congo. Gold bars are less traceable than diamonds, and gold is abundant in the Kivu conflict region. In any case, no jewellery industry standard exists for verifying gold origination, as it does for diamonds (though jewelers' total outlay on gold is five times that on diamonds). Other conflict minerals being illicitly exported from the Congo include tungsten, tin, cassiterite, and coltan (which provides the tantalum for mobile phones, and is also said to be directly sustaining the conflict).

Armed conflict and mineral resource looting by the Congolese National Army and various armed rebel groups, including the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) and the National Congress for the Defense of the People (CNDP), a proxy Rwandan militia group, has occurred throughout the late 20th century and the early 21st century. As of 2020, an estimated 113 armed groups were operating in the Kivu region, ranging from small militias to sophisticated groups with international support. Such armed groups have continued to commit severe human rights abuses, and battles, fatalities, and attacks on civilians have increased steadily from 2017 to 2021.

Additionally, the looting of the Congo's natural resources is not limited to domestic actors. During the Congo Wars (First Congo War (1996–1997) and Second Congo War (1998–2003)), Rwanda, Uganda and Burundi particularly profited from the Congo's resources. These governments continue to smuggle resources out of the Congo to this day.

The profits from the sale of these minerals have financed fighting in the Second Congo War and ongoing follow-on conflicts. Control of lucrative mines has also itself become a military objective.

A major research report from November 2012 by the Southern Africa Resource Watch revealed that gold miners in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo were being exploited by corrupt government officials, bureaucrats and security personnel, who all demand illegal tax, fees and levies from the miners without delivering any services in return. Despite the alleged gold rush in regions of the country, none of the population and workforce is benefiting from this highly lucrative industry.

Mines
Mines, in eastern Congo, are often located far from populated areas in remote and dangerous regions. A recent study by International Peace Information Service (IPIS) indicates that armed groups are present at more than 50% of mining sites. At many sites, armed groups illegally tax, extort, and coerce civilians to work.  Miners, including children, work up to 48-hour shifts amidst mudslides and tunnel collapses that kill many. The groups are often affiliated with rebel groups, or with the Congolese National Army, but both use rape and violence to control the local population.

United States law

Conflict minerals
The four conflict minerals codified in the U.S. Conflict Minerals Law, are:

Columbite-tantalite (or coltan, the colloquial African term) is the metal ore from which the element tantalum is extracted.  Tantalum is used primarily for the production of tantalum capacitors, particularly for applications requiring high performance, a small compact format and high reliability, from hearing aids and pacemakers, to airbags, GPS, ignition systems and anti-lock braking systems in automobiles, through to laptop computers, mobile phones, video game consoles, video cameras and digital cameras. In its carbide form, tantalum possesses significant hardness and wear resistance properties. As a result, it is used in jet engine/turbine blades, drill bits, end mills and other tools.
Cassiterite is the chief ore needed to produce tin, essential for the production of tin cans and the solder on the circuit boards of electronic equipment. Tin is also commonly a component of biocides, fungicides and as tetrabutyl tin/tetraoctyl tin, an intermediate in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and high performance paint manufacturing.
Wolframite is an important source of the element tungsten. Tungsten is a very dense metal and is frequently used for this property, such as in fishing weights, dart tips and golf club heads. Like tantalum carbide, tungsten carbide possesses hardness and wear resistance properties and is frequently used in applications like metalworking tools, drill bits and milling. Smaller amounts are used to substitute lead in "green ammunition". Minimal amounts are used in electronic devices, including the vibration mechanism of cell phones.
Gold is used in jewelry, investments, electronics, and dental products. It is also present in some chemical compounds used in certain semiconductor manufacturing processes.

These are sometimes termed "the 3T's and gold", "3TG", or even simply the "3T's", referring to the elements of interest they contain (tantalum, tin, tungsten, gold).  Under the US Conflict Minerals Law, additional minerals may be added to this list in the future.

History
In April 2009, Senator Sam Brownback (R-KS) introduced the Congo Conflict Minerals Act of 2009 () to require electronics companies to verify and disclose their sources of cassiterite, wolframite, and tantalum. This legislation died in committee. However, Brownback added similar language as Section 1502 of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which passed Congress and was signed into law by President Barack Obama on July 21, 2010. This Conflict Mineral Law was published in the Federal Register of December 23, 2010.

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) draft regulations to implement the law would have required U.S. and certain foreign companies to report and make public their use of so-called "conflict minerals" from the Democratic Republic of the Congo or adjoining countries in their products. Comments on this proposal were extended until March 2, 2011. The comments on the proposal were reviewable by the public.

One report on the proposal stated the following statistics for the submitted comments:
 Slightly more than 700 comment letters were submitted to SEC on the proposal;
 Approximately 65% of those were form letters or basic letters from the general public supporting the rule's intent;
 The remaining 35% (roughly 270) represent views of businesses, trade/industry associations, the investment/financial community, professional auditing firms, and other relevant governmental entities; and
 Of those 270 comments, an estimated 200 contained substantive and/or technical comments.
That report also contained what it calls a "preview of the final SEC regulations" synthesized from their detailed research and analysis of a large body of documents, reports and other information on the law, proposed regulation and the current budget/political setting facing the SEC in the current administration.

The final rule went into effect 13 November 2012.

The SEC rule did not go unnoticed by the international community, including entities seeking to undermine traceability efforts.  A report published by a metals trading publication illustrated one DRC ore/mineral flow method that has apparently been devised to thwart detection.

On July 15, 2011, the US State Department issued a statement on the subject.  Section 1502(c) of the Law mandates that the State Department work in conjunction with SEC on certain elements of conflict minerals policy development and support.

On October 23, 2012, U.S. State Dept Officials asserted that ultimately, it falls on the U.S. State Dept. to determine when this rule would no longer apply.

In April 2014, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit struck down several parts of the SEC Rules as unconstitutional.

Auditing and reporting requirements
US Conflict Minerals Law contains two requirements that are closely connected:
independent third party supply chain traceability audits
 reporting of audit information to the public and SEC.

Even companies not directly regulated by the SEC will be impacted by the audit requirements because they will be pushed down through entire supply chains, including privately held and foreign-owned companies.

SEC estimated that 1,199 "issuers" (i.e., companies subject to filing other SEC reports) will be required to submit full conflict mineral reports.  This estimate was developed by finding the amount of tantalum produced by the DRC in comparison to global production (15% – 20%).  The Commission selected the higher figure of 20% and multiplied that by 6,000 (the total number of "issuers" SEC will be required to do initial product/process evaluations).  This estimate does not account for the companies who supply materials to the "issuers" (but are not themselves SEC-regulated) but who will almost certainly be required to conduct conflict minerals audits to meet the demands of those customers.  Other estimates indicate that the total number of US companies likely impacted may exceed 12,000.

A study of the potential impact of the regulation in early 2011 by the IPC – Association Connecting Electronic Industries trade association. was submitted with the association's comments to the SEC.  The study states that the IPC survey respondents had a median of 163 direct suppliers.  Applying that number to the SEC's estimated number of impacted issuers results in the possibility of over 195,000 businesses that could be subject to some level of supply chain traceability effort.

Applicability in general
Under the law, companies have to submit an annual conflict minerals report to the SEC if:
(a) they are required to file reports with the SEC under the Exchange Act of 1934
(b) conflict minerals are necessary to the functionality or production of a product that they manufacture or contract to be manufactured. That statement contains two separate – but critical concepts: the purpose of the conflict mineral in the product/process, and the control that the company exerts over the manufacturing process/specifications.

A company would be deemed to contract an item to be manufactured if it:
Exerts any influence over the manufacturing process; or,
Offers a generic product under its own brand name or a separate brand name (regardless of whether the company has any influence over the manufacturing process) and the company contracted to have the product manufactured specifically for itself.

This language implied that some retailers who are not manufacturers might be subject to the audit and disclosure requirements.

"Contracting to manufacture" a product requires some actual influence over the manufacturing of process that product, a determination based on facts and circumstances. A company is not to be deemed to have influence over the manufacturing process if it merely:
 Affixes its brand, marks, logo, or label to a generic product manufactured by a third party.
 Services, maintains, or repairs a product manufactured by a third party.
 Specifies or negotiates contractual terms with a manufacturer that do not directly relate to the manufacturing of the product.

The proposed regulations attempted to clarify that tools used in assembly and manufacturing will not trigger the law.  The intent was to cover minerals/metals in the final product only. Nothing specifically addresses intermediate chemical processes that use chemicals that contain conflict minerals.  Additionally, neither the law nor the proposed regulation established a de minimis quantity or other form of materiality threshold that would preclude the applicability of the auditing/reporting requirements.

Supply chain traceability auditing

The law mandates the use of an "independent private sector auditor" to conduct the audits. SEC has proposed two different standards for the audits: the "reasonable inquiry" and the "due diligence".  Should the final rule include this structure, the reasonable inquiry would be the first step to determine if the company can on its own, using reasonable efforts and trustworthy information, make a reliable determination as to the source/origin of its tin, tantalum, tungsten and/or gold.  Where companies are unable to make such a determination for any reason, they would then be required to take the next step of the "due diligence", which is the independent private sector audit.

The statute specified that the audits be "conducted in accordance with standards established by the Comptroller General of the United States, in accordance with rules promulgated by the Commission". This means that the same auditing standards that apply to other SEC auditing requirements will apply to conflict minerals audits Because of this language, SEC will have little discretion to allow companies to issue self-generated statements or certifications to satisfy the law.

Third party audits for conflict minerals supply chain traceability began in summer 2010 under the Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition (EICC), a US-based electronics manufacturing trade association.  Under this program, EICC selected three audit firms to conduct the actual audits, with two of the three participating in the pilot audits in 2010. After concluding the pilot, one of the two firms involved in 2010 withdrew from the program specifically in response to the SEC's proposal and to reduce potential legal risks to the audited entities.

Neither the law nor the proposed regulations provide guidance on what will be considered an acceptable audit scope or process, preferring to allow companies the flexibility meeting the requirement in a manner that is responsive to their own individual business and supply chain.  At the same time, the law contains a provision that preserves the government's rights to deem any report, audit or other due diligence processes as being unreliable, and in such cases, the report shall not satisfy the requirements of the regulations, further emphasizing the need for such audits to conform to established SEC auditing standards. Comments on the proposed regulation pointed out that, should SEC not specify an applicable audit standard, it cannot also be silent or ambiguous on the auditor standards as well, or the commission will violate the plain language of the Law mandating "standards established by the Comptroller General of the United States".  It is generally expected that SEC will provide specificity on both the audit standard and the auditor standard.  SEC's proposal attempted to clarify its position on auditor requirements.

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) published its Guidance on conflict minerals supply chain traceability.  This guidance is gaining much momentum as "the" standard within US policy.  However, a recent critical analysis of the standard in comparison to existing US auditing standards under SEC highlighted a number of significant inconsistencies and conflict with relevant US standards.  Companies subject to the US law who implement the OECD Guidance without regard for the SEC auditing standards may face legal compliance risks.

Reporting and disclosure
Companies subject to the SEC reporting requirement would be required to disclose whether the minerals used in their products originated in the DRC or adjoining countries (as defined above). The law mandates that this reporting be submitted/made available annually. Many comments to the proposed regulation asked SEC to clarify whether the report must be "furnished"—meaning it is made available to SEC but not directly incorporated within the company's formal financial report—or "submitted"—meaning the report is directly incorporated into the financial report.  At first glance, this may appear to be a minor point; however, this difference is very important in determining the audit/auditor standards and related liabilities.

If it is determined that none of the minerals originated in the DRC or adjoining countries, the report must include a statement to that effect and provide an explanation of the country of origin analysis that was used to arrive at the ultimate conclusion. On the other hand, if conflict minerals originating in the DRC or adjoining countries were used (or if it is not possible to determine the country of origin of the conflict minerals used), companies would be required to state as such in the annual report. In either case, companies would also be required to make this information public by posting their annual conflict minerals report on their websites, and providing the SEC with the internet addresses where the reports may be found. Further, the proposed regulations would require companies to maintain records relating to the country of origin of conflict minerals used in their products.

Media outlets have reported that many companies required to file Specialized Disclosure Reports to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and any necessary conflict minerals reports for 2013 under the SEC's conflict minerals rule are struggling to meet the June 2, 2014 report filing deadline. Many impacted companies were hoping for clarification regarding filing requirements, from the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from a lawsuit filed by the National Association of Manufacturers. The appellate court's ruling left the necessary conflict minerals reporting requirements largely intact and it has been suggested that impacted companies should review the SEC's Division of Corporation Finance's response to the court's ruling which provides guidance regarding the effect of the appellate court's ruling.

On August 18, 2015, the divided D.C. Circuit Court again held the SEC's conflict materials rule violates the First Amendment.  Senior Circuit Judge A. Raymond Randolph, joined by Senior Circuit Judge David B. Sentelle, weighed if the required disclosures were effective and uncontroversial.<ref name =harvard>[http://cdn.harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/819-826-Online.pdf Recent Cases - D.C. Circuit Limits Compelled Commercial Disclosures to Voluntary Advertising], 129 Harv. L. Rev. 819 (2016).</ref>  Citing news reports and a Congressional hearing, the court decided the policy was ineffective.  The court next found the required label was controversial because it "is a metaphor that conveys moral responsibility for the Congo war".  As such, the court struck down the conflict materials rule's disclosure requirements as a violation of corporations' freedom of speech.  Circuit Judge Sri Srinivasan dissented, writing that the required disclosures were not controversial because they were truthful.

 Criticism of the law
The law has been criticised for not addressing the root causes of the conflict, leaving to the Congolese government the responsibility for providing an environment in which companies can practice due diligence and legitimately purchase the minerals they need, when the reality is that mechanisms for transparency do not exist. The effect has been to halt legitimate mining ventures that provided livelihoods for people, reducing the Congo's legal exports of tantalum by 90%.

An investigation by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) found that most companies were unable to determine the source of their conflict minerals.

Technology manufacturers criticized a law which required them to label a product as not "DRC Conflict Free" as compelled speech, and in violation of the First Amendment.

 Conflict Minerals Regulation in the EU
Like the US, the EU wanted to stabilise and guarantee the steady supply of 3TG.  On 16 June 2016 the European Parliament confirmed that "mandatory due diligence" would be required for "all but the smallest EU firms importing tin, tungsten, tantalum, gold and their ores".

On May 17, 2017, the EU passed Regulation (EU) 2017/821 of the Parliament and of the council on the supply chain due diligence obligations for importers of tin, tantalum, tungsten, their ores, and gold from conflict-affected and high risk areas. The regulation took effect in January 2021, and directly applies to certain companies that mineral ores, concentrates and processed metals containing or consisting of 3TG into the EU from conflict-affected or high-risk areas.

On August 10, 2018, The European Commission published their non-binding guidelines for the identification of conflict-affected and high-risk areas and other supply chain risks under Regulation (EU) 2017/821 of the European Parliament and of the council.

 Conflict resources in supply chains
Increases in business process outsourcing to globally dispersed production facilities means that social problems and human rights violations are no longer only an organization matter, but also often occur in companies' supply chains, and challenge for supply chain managers. Besides the harm conflict minerals do where they are produced, human rights violations also raise an enormous risk to corporate reputations. Consumers, mass media and employees expect companies to behave responsibly and have become intolerant of those who don't.

Consequently, firms that are located downstream in the supply chain and that are more visible to stakeholders are particularly threatened by social supply chain problems. The recent debate concerning conflict minerals illustrates the importance of social and human rights issues in supply chain management practice as well as the emerging need to react to social conflicts. Conflict minerals are processed in many different components throughout various industries and hence have a high overall impact on business.

Initiatives like the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act or the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas demand that supply chain managers verify purchased goods as ''conflict-free'' or implement measures to better manage any inability to do so.

Minerals mined in Eastern Congo pass through the hands of numerous middlemen as they are shipped out of Congo, through neighboring countries such as Rwanda or Burundi, to East Asian processing plants.  Because of this, the US Conflict Minerals Law applies to materials originating (or claimed to originate) from the DRC as well as the nine adjoining countries: Angola, Burundi, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, South Sudan, Zimbabwe, Uganda, and Zambia.

Firms have begun to apply governance mechanisms to avoid adverse effects of conflict mineral sourcing. However, the mere transfer of responsibilities upstream in the supply chain apparently will not stop the trade with conflict minerals, notably due to two reasons:
On the one hand, globalization has created governance gaps in a sense that companies are able to abuse human rights without being sanctioned by independent third parties. This gap results in a non-allocation of responsibility that makes the problem of human rights abuses and social conflicts within dispersed supply chains very likely to endure, particularly without collaborative approaches to remedy these deficiencies.
On the other hand, conflict minerals usually originate from globally diverse deposits and are difficult to track within components and manufactured products. This is the case because they are mixed with minerals of different origin and added to metal alloys. Consequently, although the share of these minerals in single end products may be negligible, they are prevalent in numerous products and commodities. Together, these circumstances leave downstream firms nearly incapable of detecting risks associated with conflict minerals. Hence, the topic of conflict minerals becomes one of supply chain management rather than of individual companies' legal or compliance divisions alone. What is needed is effective and supply-chain wide-mechanisms of traceability and due diligence that allow firms to take individual and collective responsibility as parts of supply chains.

In the context of mineral supply chains, due diligence represents a holistic concept that aims at providing a chain of custody tracking from mine to export at country level, regional tracking of mineral flows through the creation of a database on their purchases, independent audits on all actors in the supply chain, and a monitoring of the whole mineral chain by a mineral chain auditor. In this sense, due diligence transcends conventional risk management approaches that usually focus on the prevention of direct impacts on the core business activities of companies. Moreover, due diligence focuses on a maximum of transparency as an end itself while risk management is always directed towards the end of averting direct damages. However, besides the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the OECD Guidance, there is still a gap in due diligence practices as international norms are just emerging. Studies found that the motivation for supply chain due diligence as well as expected outcomes of these processes vary among firms. Furthermore, different barriers, drivers, and implementation patterns of supply chain due diligence have been identified in scholarly research.

Implementation
Several industry organizations are responsible for actually conducting due diligence tracking of minerals through the supply chain. The OECD has assessed five industry initiatives have been assessed for whether they fulfill the OECD guidance on conflict minerals.

 The Dubai Multi Commodities Centre is a trade zone in the United Arab Emirates that is a major market for gold and diamonds.
 The International Tin Association (ITA), previously known as the International Tin Research Institute (ITRI) until 2018, is a tin trade association based in the United Kingdom. The Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center (TIC) is a tantalum-niobium trade association based in Belgium. The organizations represent major buyers of tin, tantalum, and tungsten. Following the passage of the Dodd Frank bill, the two associations launched the launched the ITRI Tin Supply Chain Initiative (ITSCI) in 2010.
 The London bullion market is a market for gold and silver and runs the Responsible Gold Guidance (RGG).
 The Responsible Jewellery Council is an industry organization for the watch and jewellery industry.
 The Responsible Business Alliance (RBA), previously known as the Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition (EICC), heads the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI), previously known as the Conflict Free Sourcing Initiative'' (CFSI).

Organizations and activists involved
The FairPhone Foundation raises awareness of conflict minerals in the mobile industry and is a company which tries to produce a smart phone with 'fair' conditions along the supply chain. Various industry and trade associations are also monitoring developments in conflict minerals laws and traceability frameworks.  Some of these represent electronics, retailers, jewelry, mining, electronics components, and general manufacturing sectors.  One organization – ITRI (a UK-based international non-profit organization  representing the tin industry and sponsored/supported by its members, principally miners and smelters.) had spearheaded efforts for the development and implementation of a "bag and tag" scheme at the mine as a key element of credible traceability. The program and related efforts were initially not likely to extend beyond the pilot phase due to a variety of implementation and funding problems that occurred. In the end however, the device did enter the market.

In late March 2011, the UK government launched an informational section on its Foreign & Commonwealth Office website dedicated to conflict minerals.  This information resource is intended to assist British companies in understanding the issues and, specifically, the US requirements.

On Jan 6th 2014, the semiconductor giant Intel announced that it would distance itself from conflict minerals. As a result, all Intel microprocessors henceforth will be conflict-free.

See also
 Blood diamond
 Water conflict
 Oil war
 Resource war
 Coltan mining and ethics

References

Further reading

External links

Conflict Minerals 101
KPMG: Conflict Minerals Provision of Dodd-Frank

Politics of mining in Africa
Minerals

Environmental controversies
Global issues
Mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo


text:
Solyanka é uma sopa tradicional da culinária da Rússia baseada em pepinos cozidos em salmoura (picles) com carne, peixe ou cogumelos, e outros vegetais. A caraterística principal esta sopa é ser salgada, por causa dos picles, e daí deriva o seu nome ("sal" em língua russa|russo dis-ze "sol").

A solianka de carne é feita preparando um caldo de carne de vaca com ossos, de que se separa a carne e os ossos e se mistura com cebola salteada em manteiga e massa de tomate; juntam-se os picles cortados em cubos, pimenta em grão e louro. Depois de deixar que os sabores se unam, juntam-se as outras carnes já cozidas e cortadas: a carne de vaca do caldo, carne de porco, salsicha fresca, galinha, rins e fígado – quanto maior a variedade de carnes, melhor o sabor da solianka. Junta-se repolho ou chucrute, alcaparras (outro produto ácido e salgado) e deixa-se ferver. Serve-se com azeitonas, nata azeda, endro e casca de limão, por vezes com uma fatia de limão ao lado, pão ou, alternativamente, blinchiki ou blini (crepes recheados com queijo ou carne moída) ou kutaby (pasteis fritos do Azerbaijão).

Ver também
Lista de sopas

Ligações externas
"Soupsong" blog sobre sopas
Culinária da Rússia
Sopas


text:
Ferula angreni är en flockblommig växtart som beskrevs av Evgenii Yevgeni, Eugeny Petrovich Korovin. Ferula angreni ingår i släktet stinkflokesläktet, och familjen flockblommiga växter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Stinkflokesläktet
angreni


text:
Rhododendron leptocladon är en ljungväxtart som beskrevs av Paul Louis Amans Dop. Rhododendron leptocladon ingår i släktet rododendron, och familjen ljungväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Rododendron
leptocladon


text:
Barış Özbek (, born 14 September 1986) is a German former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

Club career
Özbek cemented his spot as a solid regular starter at Galatasaray in his first season and won the league title with his club. At the start of the 2009–10 season, he scored a brace during the third qualifying round of the Europa League, against Maccabi Netanya on 6 August 2009. He adopted the nickname Barış for his commitment when it comes to chasing the ball.

In June 2011, he left Galatasaray to join league rivals Trabzonspor.

In January 2015 Özbek joined Kayserispor from Union Berlin.

Özbek moved to MSV Duisburg on 1 February 2016. In November 2017, he agreed to the termination of his contract.

By April 2022, Özbek had retired from professional playing.

International career
Born to Turkish parents in Germany, Özbek has a German passport and played for the Germany under-21 national team.

Personal life
His brother, Ufuk is also a professional footballer.

Career statistics

Honours
Galatasaray
Süper Lig:  2007–08
Türkiye Süper Kupası: 2008

References

Barış Özbek, Kayserispor'dan ayrıldı, ulke.com.tr, 7 January 2016

External links

Living people
1986 births
People from Castrop-Rauxel
Sportspeople from Münster (region)
German people of Turkish descent
Turkish footballers
German footballers
Footballers from North Rhine-Westphalia
Association football midfielders
Germany youth international footballers
Germany under-21 international footballers
SG Wattenscheid 09 players
Rot-Weiss Essen players
Galatasaray S.K. footballers
Trabzonspor footballers
1. FC Union Berlin players
Kayserispor footballers
MSV Duisburg players
Fatih Karagümrük S.K. footballers
Süper Lig players
2. Bundesliga players
3. Liga players


text:
Fluvisol er en lagdelt jordbund, som især findes i marskområder, strandenge og ådale, hvor tidevand og oversvømmelser jævnligt aflejrer nyt materiale, – eller hvor det er sket indtil for nylig. Denne jordbundstype findes især i Vestjylland, men også under strandenge og i ådale i resten af landet. Alt i alt er det dog kun få procent af Danmarks jord, hvor råjorden består af denne jordtype.

Fluvisol er et element i World Reference Base for Soil Resources.

Litteratur
 IUSS Working Group WRB: World Reference Base for Soil Resources, fourth edition. International Union of Soil Sciences, Vienna 2022, . ().

Danmarks jordarter
Jordtyper


text:
Е́дді Гі́ггінс (), повне ім'я Е́двард Гайдн Гі́ггінс (; 21 лютого 1932, Кембридж, Массачусетс — 31 серпня 2009, Форт-Лодердейл, Флорида) — американський джазовий піаніст.

Біографія
Народився 21 лютого 1932 року в Кембриджі, штат Массачусетс. Навчався у своєї матері, яка була піаністкою. Професійно почав виступати у чиказьких клубах, коли навчався у музичній школі Північно-Західного університету.

Грав з Джорджем Брунісом (1954—56), декілька років очолював власне тріо; у 1959 році виступав на джазовому фестивалі в Playboy. З 1957 по 1969 роки очолював штатне тріо в клубі London House в Чикаго; з 1963 року також активно займався студійною роботою. Починаючи з 1960-х часто записувався, зокрема з Елом Греєм, Лі Морганом, Коулменом Гокінсом та з власними гуртами. У 1968 році виступив на телешоу «Today».

У 1970 році переїхав у Форт-Лодердейл, штат Флорида; очолював штатні гурти з 1978 по 1982 роки з Айрою Салліваном. З середини 1980-х взяв участь у багатьох джазових фестивалях як місцевих, так, і міжнародних; також виступав на щорічних круїзах на SS Norway. У 1988 році одружився зі співачкою Мередіт Д'Амброзіо; часто працював з нею як акомпаніатор.

Помер 31 серпня 2009 року у Форт-Лодердейлі у віці 77 років.

Дискографія
 Eddie Higgins (Vee-Jay, 1960)
 Soulero (Atlantic, 1965)

Література
 Feather, Leonard; Gitler, Ira. The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz — Oxford University Press; 1 ed., 2007. — 744 p. ISBN 978-0195320008

Посилання

Уродженці Кембриджа (Массачусетс)
Померли у Форт-Лодердейлі
Джазові піаністи США
Музиканти Atlantic Records
Музиканти Vee-Jay Records


text:
È uno degli esponenti della musica hip-hop garage inglese. Just Jack è a tutt'oggi tra i cantanti di musica Urban inglese ad aver venduto di più nella storia della musica britannica.

Biografia

Primi anni
Jack Alsopp nasce a Camden il 18 maggio 1975, fin da piccolo ha una passione per l'hip hop ed il rap e si crea un suo nome d'arte: Just Jack. Just Jack cambia molti lavori nella sua vita tra cui fioraio ed altri. Nel tempo libero nella sua stanza a Londra scrive canzoni per divertimento. A 18 anni inizia a lavorare come Disc Jokey in un locale per gay ed in seguito in alcune rinomate discoteche di Londra. Dopo aver sentito alcuni dei suoi pezzi, la Mercury gli offre un contratto che viene accettato. Just Jack inizia subito a lavorare al suo primo album che sarà il mezzo per espandere la sua fama. Il suo primo album si intitola Outer Maker ed esce nel 2002. In Inghilterra è un vero e proprio successo e si fa conoscere da tutti. L'album contiene alcuni pezzi di musica elettronica ed hip-hop, ricordiamo soprattutto: Snowflakes, Triple tone eyes ed Electry. In patria sono tormentoni ma purtroppo non riesce a farsi conoscere al di fuori dell'Inghilterra. In seguito ad Outer Maker, Just Jack lavora per un nuovo album che uscirà nel 2006.

Boom e crescita
Nel luglio 2007 c'è un singolo che imperversa nei canali musicali e nelle radio a ripetizione continua. Questo brano è Starz in their eyes. Le radio lo definiscono una stella nascente: Just Jack per la prima volta si trova nei canali musicali internazionali. Da quasi sconosciuto, Just Jack si ritrova sulla bocca di tutti i ragazzi e appassionati di hip-hop. Con questo suo stile del tutto nuovo, che comprende rap con versi che quasi assomigliano a scioglilingua, accostato a delle travolgenti melodie rock. Fatto sta che Just Jack è in cima alle hit europee. Inizia ad apparire con più insistenza sul grande schermo grazie alla partecipazione all'edizione 2007 del Festivalbar. Si classifica bene ma soprattutto attira l'attenzione del pubblico d'Italia. Subito dopo il tormentone Starz in their eyes esce Glory Days, un brano che parla dei momenti più felici della sua vita. Nonostante il pezzo non abbia il successo del precedente, riesce comunque a posizionarsi tra i primi nelle classifiche britanniche. A questi seguono No Time, brano molto ritmato che è un mix tra pop e hip-hop,Writer's Block, quasi un soul a voce sussurrata, Life Stories, Mourning morning ed infine Spectacular failures che chiude così il suo album Overtones. Secondo alcuni dopo la fenomenale annata, Just Jack è considerato il massimo esponente europeo della musica hip-hop garage. Ultimamente Just Jack si è esibito con la cantante australiana Kylie Minogue, con cui ha duettato nel pezzo I Talk too much, la combinazione dei due cantanti è piaciuta al pubblico che ha gradito molto la performance. Grazie a questo album Just Jack è riuscito a spargere la sua fama fuori patria e si prepara a ritornare con un nuovo album.

All Night Cinema
Dopo due anni di lavoro, la terza fatica di Just Jack si chiama All night Cinema. L'album dopo una lunga serie di rinvii esce nel luglio del 2009. L'uscita è anticipata dal brano Embers, una ballatta tutto archi. Il singolo ottiene un più che discreto successo nella madrepatria Inghilterra. Nonostante la buona notorietà in Gran Bretagna, passa piuttosto inosservata negli altri paesi europei. Al contrario del primo, è il secondo singolo estratto a diventare senza dubbio il brano trainante dell'album. Can't you see (Doctor Doctor) è uno scioglilingua su base di sintetizzatore e tastiera. Il brano entra nella top 50 europea e Jack gira anche un videoclip per esso.

Discografia
Album in studio
2002 – The Outer Marker
2007 – Overtones
2009 – All Night Cinema
2016 – Life Lessons
Singoli
2002 – Snowflakes
2003 – Paradise (Lost & Found)
2003 – Triple Tone Eyes
2007 – Starz in Their Eyes
2007 – Glory Days
2007 – Writer's Block
2007 – No Time
2007 – Life Stories
2009 – Embers
2009 – Can't You See (Doctor Doctor)

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Disc jockey britannici


text:
Jacqueline Thévoz, née à Estavayer-le-Lac le , morte le , est une femme de lettres, journaliste, professeur de danse et  vaudoise.

Biographie
Originaire de Missy, Jacqueline Thévoz fait des études au Conservatoire et à la Faculté des sciences sociales et politiques de l'Université de Lausanne.

Elle commence ensuite une carrière de journaliste. Elle ne se cantonne pourtant pas à cette activité. Chorégraphe, organisatrice de spectacles, professeur de musique et de rythmique,  et écrivain, Jacqueline Thévoz compte à son actif une vingtaine d'œuvres de tous genres.

Elle écrit de la poésie Raison vagabonde (1959), Escales vers ma mort (1974), des romans Les termites (1982), Un matricide très pardonnable (1999), des nouvelles Mimile (1975), des essais, principalement sur la musique et la danse. En 1993, elle publie notamment Passage d'une comète, œuvre poétique en hommage au danseur Rudolf Noureiev. On lui doit également des écrits scientifiques, dont un traité sur la danse.

Membre de plusieurs associations, dont la Société suisse des écrivaines et écrivains, l'Association vaudoise des écrivains, la Société fribourgeoise des écrivains ainsi que la Société des gens de lettres de France, Jacqueline Thévoz reçoit dès 1949 de nombreux prix (parmi ceux-ci le Prix Follope de la Faculté des lettres de Lausanne). Elle est l'un des personnages portraiturés par Marie-Jeanne Urech dans Monotone, mon automne ? (2004).

Publications
Initiation à la musique par le disque, aux Éditions Marguerat, 1956
Simon d'Estavayer, aux Éditions du capricorne, 1956
Raison vagabonde, aux Éditions Risold, 1959
Mon grand voyage autour du monde, Éditions de la revue moderne, 1966
Petit traité de danse classique, aux Éditions Maison rhodanienne, 1971
Traité de rythmique, aux Éditions Maison Rhodanienne, 1971, Médaille d'or de l'Académie internationale de Lutèce
Le cheval, Éditions Marguerat, 1972
La danse, aux Éditions Marguerat, 1972
Aloys Fornerod, aux Éditions Maison rhodanienne, 1973
Le Roman d'un Fœtus, aux Éditions Maison rhodanienne, 1974
Escales vers ma mort, aux Éditions Maison rhodanienne, 1974.
Mimile, aux Éditions Maison rhodanienne, 1975
Journal poétique d'une femme de trente ans, aux Éditions Maison rhodanienne, 1976, Médaille d'or de l'Académie internationale de Lutèce
Jean Dawint, l'extraordinaire châtelain de Cernex, aux Éditions Maison rhodanienne, 1977
Le château de Paradis, aux Éditions Maison rhodanienne, 1979, Médaille d'or de l'Académie internationale de Lutèce et médaille de bronze des Arts-Sciences-Lettres de la ville de Bordeaux
Le prince au palais dormant, aux Éditions Maison rhodanienne, 1980, Prix Louis Allègre
Maman soleil, aux Éditions Maison rhodanienne, 1980 Médaille d'argent de l'Académie internationale de Lutèce
Les termites, aux Éditions le Front littéraire, Prix de l'Académie des Treize, Médaille d'or de l'Académie internationale de Lutèce
Traité de la sexualité féminine, aux Éditions nant d'enfer, Prix Idées pour tous
Passage d'une comète, en hommage à Rudolf Noureyev, Éditions du madrier, 1995
Un matricide très pardonnable, aux Éditions ver luisant, 1999
Vieillesse en petits morceaux, aux Éditions à la Carte, 2001
Simon l'Infidèle, aux Éditions à la Carte, 2002
Rhapsodie autobiographique, aux Éditions à la Carte, 2005
Vacances en Purgatoire, aux Éditions à la Carte, 2006
La fin du monde comme si vous y étiez, aux Éditions à la Carte, 2007
44 leçons de foi, aux Éditions à la Carte, 2008
Contes et légendes de l'Au-Delà, aux Éditions à la Carte, 2009

Références

Sources

 Christiane P. Makward, Madeleine Cottenet-Hage, Dictionnaire littéraire des femmes de langue française,
 Anne-Lise Delacrétaz, Daniel Maggetti, Écrivaines et écrivains d'aujourd'hui,

Lien externe
 Monotone, mon automne, réalisation : Marie-Jeanne Urech - tsr.ch - les docs - le doc du lundi

Poète vaudois
Femme de lettres suisse du XXe siècle
Femme de lettres suisse du XXIe siècle
Musicien vaudois
Naissance en avril 1926
Naissance à Estavayer-le-Lac
Projet:Valdensia/Articles liés
Décès à 94 ans
Décès en janvier 2021


text:
Basibasy is een plaats en commune in het zuiden van Madagaskar, behorend tot het district Morombe, dat gelegen is in de regio Atsimo-Andrefana. Tijdens een volkstelling in 2001 telde de plaats 12.000 inwoners.

De plaats biedt enkel lager onderwijs aan. 55% van de bevolking werkt als landbouwer en 43% houdt zich bezig met veeteelt. Het belangrijkste landbouwproduct is rijst; overige belangrijke producten zijn mais en maniok. Verder is 2% actief in de dienstensector.

Gemeente in Atsimo-Andrefana


text:
A Colorado (ejtsd: kolorádó, angolul Colorado River, mojave nyelven Aha Kwahwat) jelentős folyó az Amerikai Egyesült Államok délnyugati és Mexikó északnyugati részén.

Az Egyesült Államokban, a Sziklás-hegység Nemzeti Parkban (Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado) található La Poudre hágó-tóból ered és a Kaliforniai-öbölbe ömlik. Hossza 2330 kilométer.

Jellemzői

A Colorado gyűjti a Sziklás-hegység nyugati lejtőin elterülő száraz területek egy részének vizeit. Teljes vízgyűjtő területe 629 100 km².

A folyón létesült a Glen Canyon gátnál a Powell-tó és a Hoover-gátnál a Mead-tó, utóbbi az USA legnagyobb mesterséges tava.

A kaliforniai Császári-völgyben a Colorado vizéből erőteljes öntözés folyik, ami úgy kiszárítja a Mexikóba hatoló alsó folyószakaszt, hogy a Colorado vize nem mindig éri el a tengert. Torkolata deltatorkolat.

Vízhozama csapadéktól függően erősen ingadozó: aszály idején 113 m³/s, nagy áradások idején 28,000 m³/s is lehet. A 2000 m³/s-ot meghaladó áradások azonban ritkák, mióta a folyó alsó szakaszán nagy vízerőműveket építettek. Az átlagos vízhozam a gátak előtt 620 m³/s.

További információk
Federal Department of Energy site on uranium mine tailing site.
State of Utah site on uranium mine tailings.
Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law Peace Palace Library
Drought Watch Campaign - map of the Colorado River system showing the fill levels of major reservoirs. Last updated July 2004.
Arizona Boating Locations Facilities Map
Arizona Fishing Locations Map
Where to Fish in Arizona Species Information

Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok folyói
Mexikó folyói
Alsó-Kalifornia földrajza
Sonora földrajza
Colorado földrajza
Utah földrajza
Arizona földrajza
Nevada földrajza
Kalifornia földrajza


text:
Священне місце () — американський фільм жахів 2012 року.

Сюжет
Група студентів їде у віддалені місця глибоко в болотах Флориди, щоб завершити свій дипломний проект по індіанському фольклору. Пару сотень років тому ця «Священна» земля використовувалася індіанцями, щоб судити злочинців і небажаних членів громади. Згідно з легендою, ці землі мають силу повертати мертвих до життя, щоб карати винних у тяжких злочинах. Студенти швидко з'ясовують, що їхні дії можуть призвести до справжнього жаху.

У ролях
 Джордан Белфі — Брайан
 Кора Бенеш — Марі
 Джефф Фейгі — Джордж
 Бріджит Флемінг — Лія
 Катерін Грімм  — молода Джессі
 Сід Гейґ — незнайомець
 Шеллі Джонсон — Евелін
 Енджел МакКорд — Алікс
 Кеті О'Грейді
 Дженні О'Хара — міс Дженсон
 Колін Оуенс — Макс
 Сюзанн Оуенс-Дюваль — тітка Джин
 Вікі Паркер-Крейс — офіціантка
 Гезер Руп — Джессі
 Гален Шрік — Preist
 Іра Кортум

Посилання

Фільми англійською мовою
Фільми жахів США
Фільми-трилери США


text:
Sebastiano Milan (ur. 6 kwietnia 1995 w Treviso) – włoski siatkarz, grający na pozycji przyjmującego.

Przebieg kariery

Poziom rozgrywek:

Sukcesy klubowe
Klubowe Mistrzostwa Świata:
  2017
Liga włoska:
  2018
Liga Mistrzów:
  2018

Sukcesy reprezentacyjne
Mistrzostw Świata Juniorów:
  2013
Mistrzostwa Świata U-23:
  2015
Igrzyska Śródziemnomorskie:
  2018
Letnia Uniwersjada:
  2019

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 profil legavolley.it
 profil pallavolopadova.com
 profil volleyball-movies.net
 profil clubworldchampionships.2017.men.fivb.com
 profil www-old.cev.eu

Urodzeni w 1995
Ludzie urodzeni w Treviso
Włoscy siatkarze
Siatkarze Sempre Volley Padwa
Siatkarze Lube Banca Macerata
Medaliści Letniej Uniwersjady 2019


text:
David A. Stallworth, dit Dave Stallworth, né le  à Dallas au Texas et mort le  à Wichita (Kansas), est un joueur américain de basket-ball. Il évolue durant sa carrière aux postes d'ailier fort et de pivot.

Carrière

Palmarès
 Champion NBA 1970

Références

Liens externes

Joueur américain de basket-ball
Joueur des Knicks de New York
Joueur des Bullets de la capitale
Joueur des Bullets de Baltimore
Joueur Champion NBA
Joueur drafté par les Knicks de New York
Joueur de basket-ball des Shockers de Wichita State
Naissance en décembre 1941
Naissance à Dallas
Décès à 75 ans
Décès en mars 2017
Décès à Wichita


text:
Un bob o bob cut es un peinado corto, popular entre las mujeres durante la década de 1920.

Descripción

El bob es un corte recto que se extiende hasta la altura de la mandíbula, generalmente con flequillo. Se lo llama también "¾" porque representa tres cuartas partes de lo que se considera un peinado de cabello largo.

Historia

El bob surge en tiempos de la Primera Guerra Mundial, cuando las enfermeras comenzaron a utilizar cabello más corto por cuestiones de higiene. A finales de la guerra, en 1918, Irene Castle, esposa de Vernon Castle, introdujo el peinado en Estados Unidos. Vernon e Irene fueron una pareja profesional de baile de salón. Otras celebridades como Ina Claire y Louise Brooks popularizaron el peinado entre las mujeres de la época.

Durante la década de 1920 se convirtió en el peinado simbólico de las flappers, mujeres de clase media que no se comportaban bajo las normas sociales convencionales: bebían, fumaban, tenían relaciones sexuales ocasionales, manejaban automóviles y asistían a clubs de jazz y shows de vaudeville.

Las flappers comenzaron a utilizar peinados cortos, ropa atrevida, sombreros, y bandas y lazos para adornar el cabello.

Los bobs son el otro corte de media melena que parece haber tomado al mundo por sorpresa.

Variaciones

Pageboy

El pageboy (paje) es un tipo de bob que recibe su nombre de lo que se supone era el corte clásico de los niños paje ingleses. El cabello se corta justo por debajo de las orejas y las puntas forman "alas" invertidas que son poco visibles.

Mop-Top
El mop-top (punta de mopa) es un peinado híbrido del bob, el pageboy y el corte de tazón que se hizo popular en los años 1960 durante la Primera Invasión Británica gracias a grupos de rock como The Beatles y The Rolling Stones. También en esa época lo popularizaron bandas californianas como The Beach Boys o The Byrds. Tiene forma de casco que cubre las orejas y, a diferencia del corte de tazón, suele ser degrafilado y no uniforme. El mop-top es considerado una versión masculina del bob.

Véase también
 Garçonne

Referencias

Peinados


text:
Cerna – wieś w Rumunii, w okręgu Tulcza, w gminie Cerna. W 2011 roku liczyła 1844 mieszkańców.

Przypisy

Wsie w okręgu Tulcza


text:
Dragestil ("Estilo Dragón") es un estilo de diseño y arquitectura originado en Noruega y ampliamente utilizado principalmente entre 1880 y 1910. Es una variante del más extenso estilo romántico nacionalista y una expresión del nacionalismo romántico.

Historia
Las fuentes más importantes de inspiración para el Dragestil son el arte vikingo y  la arquitectura y el arte medieval de Escandinavia. Tiene raíces en los Stavkirke y las reliquias históricas como las encontradas en barcos en Tune, Gokstad y Oseberg.

Representa a menudo motivos nórdicos, como serpientes y dragones, por ello su nombre. Los arquitectos noruegos más importantes son Holm Hansen Munthe y Balthazar Lange.

Características

 Paredes de madera, a menudo con interiores barnizados.
 Decoración en forma de cabezas de dragón
 A menudo techos empinados y cornisas grandes

Referencias

Bibliografía

 Tschudi-Madsen, Stephan (1981) Veien hjem, Norsk arkitektur 1870@–1914 (Oslo: Norges kunsthistorie)
 Tschudi-Madsen, Stephan (1993) Dragestilen (Oslo: Honnør til en håneto stil)
 Tschudi-Madsen, Stephan (1993) Vandringer på en utstilling og i en jaktvilla (Oslo: Honnør til en håneto stil)

Enlaces externos

Arquitectura del Modernismo
 d
Estilos arquitectónicos historicistas
 d


text:
L'aquila a due teste è un'opera teatrale di Jean Cocteau, rappresentata per la prima volta a Bruxelles nell'ottobre 1946 al Théâtre Royal des Galeries, con Edwige Feuillère e Jean Marais. Fu pubblicata nello stesso anno da Gallimard.

La versione cinematografica, diretta da Cocteau stesso nell'ottobre 1947 a Vizille, uscirà nel 1948. Anche Michelangelo Antonioni ne farà una riduzione per lo schermo in Il mistero di Oberwald.

Cocteau afferma di aver preso ispirazione dalle storie di Ludovico II di Baviera e dell'imperatrice Elisabetta d'Austria. Ludovico era stato trovato annegato nel lago di Stamberg in Baviera, in circostanze che non sono mai state adeguatamente chiarite. Elisabetta fu accoltellata al cuore dall'anarchico Luigi Lucheni mentre camminava per Ginevra. Per il suo ritratto della regina, Cocteau attinse dal ritratto di Elisabetta fatto da Remy de Gourmont nel suo Promenades littéraires. Le prestazioni di Edwige Feuillère e Jean Marais nella prima produzione francese sono stati parte essenziale della concezione di Cocteau dell'opera.

Sinossi
Nel decimo anniversario dell'assassinio del re, la sua vedova solitaria, la regina, arriva al castello di Krantz per passare la notte. Stanislas, un giovane poeta anarchico cerca di ucciderla, entra nella sua stanza, la ferisce; l'uomo somiglia molto al re morto, e la regina lo ospita, invece di consegnarlo alla polizia. La donna lo vede come l'incarnazione della propria morte, e lo chiama Azraël (l'angelo della morte). Tra i due si sviluppa un amore ambiguo, che li unisce nel tentativo di sconfiggere le trame dei politici di corte, rappresentati dal conte di Foëhn, il capo della polizia, ed Edith de Berg, dama della regina. Al fine di rimanere fedeli ai loro ideali e gli uni agli altri, la regina e Stanislas devono svolgere il loro ruolo nella loro bizzarra tragedia privata, anche se il mondo non potrà mai capire.
 Il primo atto si svolge nella camera da letto della regina a Krantz, di pomeriggio.

 Il secondo atto si svolge nella libreria del castello la mattina seguente.

 Il terzo atto si svolge nella libreria la mattina successiva.

Produzione
L'opera è stata rappresentata la prima volta al Théâtre Royal des Galeries a Bruxelles nell'ottobre 1946, seguita da alcune performance a Lione. La prima rappresentazione a Parigi ha avuto luogo nel novembre 1946 al Théâtre Hébertot, diretta da Jacques Hébertot. Il cast comprendeva Edwige Feuillère, nei panni della regina, Jean Marais nelle vesti di Stanislas, Silvia Monfort come Edith de Berg, e Jacques Varennes come il conte di Foehn. I costumi furono realizzaati da Christian Bérard, le scenografie da André Beaurepaire, e Georges Auric scrisse la Hymne regale che si sente alla fine dell'opera. La produzione continuò in altri teatri di Parigi durante il 1947.

Una versione inglese del dramma venne realizzata da Ronald Duncan sotto il titolo L'aquila ha due teste. La prima rappresentazione avvenne al Lyric Hammersmith a Londra il 4 settembre 1946, con Eileen Herlie come Regina e James Donald come Stanislas. E stata diretto per la Compagnia dei Quattro da Murray Macdonald. (Ronald Duncan ha descritto la sua versione come un "adattamento" piuttosto che una traduzione. Cocteau non era contento della versione inglese, definendola "assurda".

La prima rappresentazione a New York si è svolta al Teatro Plymouth il 19 marzo 1947, con Tallulah Bankhead come regina e Helmut Dantine come Stanislas. Secondo Cocteau le modifiche effettuate da Bankhead fecero sì che la produzione fosse un flop.

Adattamenti
 L'Aigle à deux têtes (1948)  film di Cocteau, che usa gli stessi attori principali della produzione parigina.
 L'Aigle à deux têtes (1975) versione TV francese, diretto da Pierre Cavassilas.
 Il mistero di Oberwald (1981) film diretto da Michelangelo Antonioni.

Note

Bibliografia
J. Cocteau, Teatro, traduzione di Marisa Zini, Einaudi, 1970.
J. Cocteau, L'aquila a due teste, a cura di Ornella Tajani, Marchese, 2011.

Collegamenti esterni

Opere teatrali in francese
Opere teatrali di Jean Cocteau
Opere teatrali del 1946


text:
Pobedény (szlovákul Pobedim) község Szlovákiában, a Trencséni kerületben, a Vágújhelyi járásban.

Fekvése
Vágújhelytől 15 km-re délre terül el.

Története
A mai község területén már az újkőkorban emberi település állt. Később a lausitzi kultúra, majd a La Tène-kultúra népe élt itt. A római korban barbár, majd a 8. századtól korai szláv település feküdt a helyén.

A mai település 1392-ben "Pododyn" néven bukkan fel először. 1439-ben "Pobedin", 1532-ben "Pobeczin" néven szerepel. A csejtei váruradalom része volt, majd 1414-ban Stiborici Stibor az újonnan alapított vágújhelyi prépostságnak adta, akik a jobbágyság megszűnéséig maradtak a birtokosai. A 17.-18. században habán kézművesek telepedtek le a községben. 1715-ben 42 jobbágy és 21 zsellér háztartása volt. 1787-ben 102 házában 845 lakos élt. 1828-ben 142 háza volt 996 lakossal. Lakói főként mezőgazdaságból éltek.

Vályi András szerint "POBJEDIN. Tót falu Nyitra Vármegyében, határja ollyan, mint Patvaróczé, második osztálybéli."

Fényes Elek szerint "Podebim, tót falu, Nyitra vmegyében, Csejthétől délre 1 1/2 órányira. – Lakja 1030 kath., 10 zsidó. Kath. paroch. templom. Határa részint dombos, részint róna és termékeny. Erdeje, malma, rétjei igen jók. F. u. a vágh-ujhelyi prépost. Ut. postája Galgócz."

A trianoni békeszerződésig Nyitra vármegye Vágújhelyi járásához tartozott.

Népessége
1910-ben 1109, túlnyomórészt szlovák lakosa volt.

2001-ben 1221 lakosából 1166 szlovák volt.

2011-ben 1189 lakosából 1125 szlovák volt.

2021-ben 1158 lakosából 1107 szlovák, 3 (+6) cigány, (+1) ruszin, 7 egyéb és 41 ismeretlen nemzetiségű volt.

Nevezetességei
 Római katolikus temploma 1674-ben épült barokk stílusban, 1923-ban bővítették.
 A habán malom 18. századi barokk stílusú.
 Klasszicista plébániája a 19. század első felében épült.

Jegyzetek

Irodalom
Darina Bialeková 1963: Výskum slovanského hradiska v Pobedime v rokoch 1959-1962. Arch. roz. XV, 349-372.
Vendtová, V. 1964: Prehľad slovanských lokalít v Pobedime a okolí. ŠZ 14, 161-174.
Darina Bialeková 1965: Výskum slovanského hradiska v Pobedime v roku 1974. Arch. roz. 17, 530-538.
Darina Bialeková 1972: Výskum slovanského hradiska v Pobedime, okr. Trenčín. Arch. roz. 24, 121-129.
Etela Studeníková 1973: Predmety kultového charakteru zo sídliska v Pobedime – Hradištiach (okr. Trenčín). Zborník SNM 67 – História 13, 120–127.
Darina Bialeková 1977: Sporen von slawischen Fundplätzen in Pobedim (Typologie und Datierung). Slov. Arch. XXV, 103-160.
Bohuslav Chropovský 1978 (ed.): Významné slovanské náleziská na Slovensku. Nitra, 159-167.
Darina Bialeková 1978: Výskum a rekonštrukcia fortifikácie na slovanskom hradisku v Pobedime. Slovenská archeológia 26/1, 149-177.
Etela Studeníková - Jozef Paulík 1983: Osada z doby bronzovej v Pobedime. Bratislava.
Darina Bialeková 1998: Zur Bautechnik des Befestigungsmauer der Burgwalls in Pobedim, Bez. Trenčín. In: J. Henning/A. Ruttkay (Hrsg.): Frühmittelalterlicher Burgenbau in Mittel- und Osteuropa. Bonn, 383-390.
1992 Pobedim.
Joachim Henning - Matej Ruttkay - Klaudia Daňová 2009: Výskum včasnostredovekého hradiska v Pobedime. AVANS 2007, 75-77, 291-293.

További információk
 E-obce.sk
 Községinfó
 Pobedény Szlovákia térképén

A Vágújhelyi járás települései
Nyitra vármegye települései


text:
Abrasive Wheels are a punk rock band of the late 1970s – early 1980s. They hailed from Leeds, England and were seldom out of the Independent charts between 1980 and 1984 when the band split. The band were Shonna Rzonca – vocals, Dave Ryan – guitar, Harry Harrison – bass, Nev Nevison – drums. In 2002 the singer Rzonca reformed the band with new members.

History
The band formed in 1976 and initially consisted of Phil "Shonna" Rzonca on vocals, Dave Ryan on guitar, Daves cousin Robert Welch on bass guitar, and Phils brother Adam Rzonca on drums. The name Abrasive Wheels was inspired by Rzonca's engineering apprenticeship, where signs stating "Danger! Abrasive Wheels!" were regularly seen. They made their first public appearance at a friend's party in 1977, which was followed by a Rock Against Racism gig at Leeds Polytechnic. They were given a support slot opening for the UK Subs in Bradford, after which Adam and Rob left the band, they made contact with Leeds-born drummer Martin Taylor who began to play drums with the band and went on to record a demo tape at September Sound studios in Huddersfield. Martin left the band after several appearances on the Slaughter and the Dogs tour support to pursue his own musical projects. At this time they employed the services of a mutual friend on Bass, eventually both were replaced by Mark Holmes and Dave Hawkridge. With this line-up the band recorded their first demo, and toured with Slaughter & the Dogs. After losing money trying to get a record released by a London label Dave and Rzonca financed their own EP, releasing it on their Abrasive Records label. Hawkridge and Holmes then left, to be replaced by "Harry" Harrison on bass and "Nev" Nevison on drums, both previously of The Urban Zones, this is considered by Rzonca to be the band's first "proper" line-up. The EP was picked up by Red Rhino distribution and soon sold out of its 3000 pressing, reaching number 35 on the UK Indie Chart. The band then signed to Riot City Records and issued the Vicious Circle EP, which was followed by a re-release of their debut EP, both again indie hits. Their debut album, When the Punks Go Marching In, was released later in 1982. They then signed to Clay Records, and released a cover version of Elvis Presley's "Jailhouse Rock". Their second album,> Black Leather Girl was released in March 1984, displaying a much slicker and glossier sound with vocal harmonies, but after a further single, the band split later that year after a lengthy international tour.

Rzonca worked as a taxi driver before opening pizza parlours in Leeds, and working on the local market.
Rzonca formed a new version of the band in 2002, with Dave, Harry and Nev, and Steve Popplewell on second guitar. Dave, Harry and Nev left after several gigs. A new album was written and recorded during this brief time but has never been released. Rzonca and Popplewell continued, recruiting Eden, Chris, and Skruff. A new album, SKuM, was released in 2009.

Recent line up changes:  Skruff left the band in 2010 and was replaced by Mickey Waddington. Following their European tour, Eden left the band in 2011.
Jordan Woodhead joined on guitar in 2013 followed by Mat Black in 2014 also on guitar duties along with Lloyd Rees-Carr on drums where they then went into a process of writing & recording new songs for a new album and started to gig locally to get back onto the scene.
A slot at the Rebellion Festival followed in August 2014 in front of a packed house.
Jordan & Lloyd left due to conflicts within the band at the end of 2014.
Stepping into the band were Mickey Waddington (who had previously taken over when Skruff left) on drums and Alex Greatrex on guitar.

Discography

Albums

Studio albums

Live albums

Compilation albums

Video albums

EPs

Singles

Other song releases
 "Maybe Tomorrow" (re-recording of originaltrack from Black Leather Girl) download only single (2007)
 "Skum" Title track Pre Release from new album in the making streamlined on Myspace (2008–2009)
 "Fight the Enemy" Pre Release from new album in the making streamlined on Myspace (2008–2009)
 "Crazy Town" Pre Release from future album streamlined on YouTube (2014)

Compilation appearances
 "Criminal Youth" appears on Riotous Assembly (Riot City – 1982)
 "Army Song" and "Shout It Out" appear on 100% British Punk
 "Banner of Hope", "Jailhouse Rock" and "Prisoner" appear on Clay Records Punk Singles Collection
 "Army Song" appears on Punk and Disorderly, Vol. 1
 "Vicious Circle" appears on Punk and Disorderly, Vol. 2:  Further Changes
 "Burn 'em Down" appears on Punk and Disorderly, Vol. 3:  The Final Solution
 "Vicious Circle", "Army Song" and "Burn 'em Down" appear on Riot City Punk Singles Collection (Vol.1)
 "Juvenile" and "Urban Rebel" appear on Riot City Punk Singles Collection (Vol.2)
 "Sonic Omen" appears on If The Kids Are United- The Punk Box Set

References

External links
 Official website
Abrasive Wheels profile on PunkRockers.com
Flickr

English punk rock groups
Musical groups established in 1976
Musical groups disestablished in 1983
Musical groups reestablished in 2003
Musical quintets
1976 establishments in England
Hardcore punk groups from Leeds