text:
"Преображение Господне/Христово () е средновековна църква в преспанското село Нивици (Псарадес), част от Леринската, Преспанска и Еордейска епархия на Вселенската патриаршия, под управлението на Църквата на Гърция. Изградена е в XIII век в малка пещера в живописен залив в Преспанското езеро. Представлява малка сводеста църква, като част от храма се намира в Леринския археологически музей. Има останки от живопис и от стари килии. Близо до църквата се намират жилищата на отшелниците.

В 1962 година църквата е обявена за паметник на културата.

Бележки

Скални църкви и манастири в Гърция
Църкви в Леринската, Преспанска и Еордейска епархия
Паметници на културата в дем Преспа
Църкви на Охридската архиепископия
Нивици


text:
Porterville ist der Name

mehrerer Orte in den Vereinigten Staaten:
 Porterville (Illinois)
 Porterville (Kalifornien)
 Porterville (Kansas)
 Porterville (Louisiana)
 Porterville (Mississippi)
 Porterville (New York)
 Porterville (Utah)

eines Ortes in Südafrika:
 Porterville (Südafrika)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Гражда́нско-правовая отве́тственность — последствия, возникающие на основании гражданского правонарушения.

Гражданско-правовая ответственность — это одна из форм государственного принуждения, состоящая во взыскании судом с правонарушителя имущественных санкций, перелагающих на правонарушителя невыгодные имущественные последствия его поведения и направленных на восстановление нарушенных прав потерпевшего.
Гражданско-правовая ответственность – это институт Общей части гражданского права, распространяющий своё действие по общему правилу на все виды гражданских правоотношений.

Обязанность правонарушителя состоит в совершении определённого имущественного действия, удовлетворяющего  законный интерес лица, чьё право нарушено, либо в лишении определённых гражданских прав правонарушителя, либо в побуждении совершить определённые действия. К исполнению правонарушитель может быть присужден по иску потерпевшего. Иск может быть возложен судом на правонарушителя.

Гражданская ответственность заключается в применении к правонарушителю (должнику) в интересах другого лица (потерпевшего, кредитора) либо государства установленных законом или договором мер воздействия, влекущих для него отрицательные, экономически невыгодные последствия имущественного характера — возмещение убытков, уплату неустойки.

Гражданская ответственность является имущественной и носит компенсационный характер.

Гражданская ответственность подразделяется на договорную и внедоговорную , долевую, солидарную и субсидиарную.

Характеристика

Гражданско-правовая ответственность построена на ряде принципов, таких как:
 неотвратимость ответственности;
 индивидуализация;
 полное возмещение вреда.

Гражданско-правовая ответственность выполняет ряд функций:
 Защитная (относительно пострадавшего)
 Компенсационная
 Профилактическая
 Превентивная

Формы гражданско-правовой ответственности
Под формой гражданско-правовой ответственности понимается форма выражения тех дополнительных обременений, которые возлагаются на правонарушителя. Гражданское законодательство предусматривает различные формы ответственности. Различают следующие формы:
 Компенсационная — возмещение убытков, компенсация морального вреда
 Штрафная — уплаты неустойки, потери задатка и т. д.
 Запретительная — запреты, ограничения в правах в отношении правонарушителя.
 Понуждение — нарушитель понуждается к совершению каких-либо действий.

Виды гражданско-правовой ответственности
В зависимости от признака классификации ответственность может:
 Договорная, законная и ответственность по обычаю
 Непосредственная, регрессивная
 Полная, ограниченная
 Единоличная, долевая
 Солидарная, субсидиарная
 Личная, ответственность за третьих лиц
 Денежная, в натуральном виде

Условия гражданско-правовой ответственности
Ответственность по гражданскому праву наступает за правонарушение, то есть действие или бездействие, нарушающее требования закона или договора. В частности, в случае нарушения одним лицом имущественных или личных неимущественных прав другого лица, неисполнения или ненадлежащего исполнения лицом возложенных на него законом или договором обязанностей, при злоупотреблении гражданскими правами.

Правонарушение всегда конкретно. Несмотря на это, можно выделить некоторые общие условия, которые присутствуют, как правило, при любом гражданском правонарушении, и специальные условия, свойственные определенному виду гражданских правонарушений.

Совокупность общих, типичных условий, наличие которых необходимо для возложения ответственности на нарушителя гражданских прав и обязанностей и которые в различных сочетаниях встречаются при любом гражданском правонарушении, называют составом гражданского правонарушения.

Эти условия следующие:
 противоправное нарушение лицом возложенных на него обязанностей и субъективных прав других лиц;
 наличие вреда или убытков;
 причинная связь между противоправным поведением правонарушителя и наступившими вредоносными последствиями;
 вина правонарушителя.

В отдельных случаях гражданская ответственность может наступать и при отсутствии вины причинителя вреда, например, ответственность источника повышенной опасности.

См. также
 Ответственность за причинение вреда

Литература
Дополнительное чтение: статьи

Дополнительное чтение: книги

Гражданское право
Правовая ответственность


text:
Vindisch Ferenc (1956) válogatott vízilabdázó
 Vindisch Ferenc (1979) válogatott vízilabdázó


text:
Може да се отнася за:
 хаджи Василий (архимандрит) – вуйчо на Васил Левски
 хаджи Василий (ктитор) - ктитор на параклиса Рождество на св. Йоан Кръстител в Зографския манастир.


text:
(ou , allemand pour « rage de lecture ») est un terme qui décrit une période de l'histoire allemande commençant au . Les Souffrances du jeune Werther de Goethe et le mouvement Sturm und Drang sont considérés comme les catalyseurs de cet événement.

Références

Expression allemande
Littérature allemande


text:
Le bosquet de l'Arc-de-Triomphe est un bosquet des jardins de Versailles.

Localisation
Le bosquet de l'Arc-de-Triomphe est délimité au Sud par l'allée de Cérès-et-de-Flore, à l'Est par le château de Versailles, à l'Ouest par l'allée d'Eau et au Nord par l'avenue de Trianon.

Aux angles Sud-Ouest et Nord-Ouest se trouvent respectivement les bassins de la Pyramide et du Dragon.

Histoire
Aménagé entre 1677 et 1684, le Bosquet de l'Arc de Triomphe remplace celui du Pavillon d'Eau, construit en 1672. Le nouveau bosquet était composé de deux salles vertes dont l'une comportait un arc de triomphe en ferronnerie dorée, qui a donné son nom au bosquet. Au Nord de la salle se trouve le bassin de la France triomphante, seule partie qui subsiste aujourd'hui.

Décoration

La France triomphante

Cette fontaine en plomb est due à Jean-Baptiste Tuby, Antoine Coysevox et Jacques Prou. Elle célèbre la victoire de la France sur la Quadruple-Alliance composée des Provinces Unies, du Saint Empire, de l'Espagne et du Danemark qui clôture la guerre de Hollande lors de la paix de Nimègue le 10 août 1678. C'est grâce à cette victoire que Louis XIV acquiert son surnom de « Louis le Grand ». À Versailles, ce triomphe est célébré sur le plafond de la Galerie des Glaces afin de faire connaître à tous les hauts faits du souverain.

Dans les jardins, le bosquet de l'Arc de triomphe va lui être dédié, et c'est le seul à Versailles à acquérir une portée politique.
La France est donc représentée triomphante, vêtue à la romaine et assise sur son char. Elle brandit une lance de la main droite et de la gauche s'appuie sur un bouclier représentant le Soleil et des fleurs de lys. Aux pieds du char se trouvent des trophées militaires et deux hommes captifs qui se détournent de la France représentant les puissances vaincues. À gauche, c'est l'Espagne, reconnaissable au lion sur lequel l'homme est assis, et à droite c'est le Saint Empire, reconnaissable à l'aigle, symbole impérial.
Les deux animaux semblent terrassés et deux jets d'eau jaillissent de leurs bouches. Enfin, sur le bas du gradin, un dragon à trois têtes agonise, symbolisant l'échec de la ligue des Provinces Unies (qui ne sont pas représentées), de l'Espagne et du Saint Empire.

La fabrication de cet ensemble sculpté n'alla pas sans mal puisque le roi demanda d'en refaire faire plusieurs éléments à lire Louvois dans une lettre à La Chapelle du 7 avril 1684 :  "Le roy vit hier l'esclave du sieur Proust. Sa Majesté le trouve si mal faut aussy bien que le lyon qui est soubs luy qu'elle m'a commandé de le faire oster et ordonné en mesme temps au sieur Batiste Tubi d'en faire un luy-mesme pour mettre en sa place. C'est ce que vous luy direz de ma part, afin qu'il y travaille incessamment et au sieur Proust de venir enlever sa figure que l'on ne veut point" .

Deux autres fontaines, aujourd'hui disparues, représentaient la Victoire par Pierre Mazeline et la Gloire par Antoine Coysevox.

Références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Jardins de Versailles

Liens externes

Bibliographie
 Alexandre Maral, sous la direction de

Arc de Triomphe


text:
O Prémio Turner () é um evento realizado anualmente para atribuição de um prémio a um artista britânico da área das artes visuais com menos de 50 anos de idade.

O prémio recebeu o nome do pintor J.M.W. Turner e é organizado pela Tate Gallery em Londres. Desde o seu início em 1984, tornou-se o prémio artístico mais conhecido no Reino Unido, geralmente criando artigos na imprensa devido a obras concorrentes muito controversas, como Impossibilidade Física da Morte na Mente de Alguém Vivo (The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living), um tanque de acrílico contendo um tubarão morto preservado em formaldeído da autoria de Damien Hirst ou A Minha Cama (My Bed) de Tracey Emin, que mostrava uma cama suja com roupa usada, preservativos, garrafas de álcool vazias e secreções corporais. Ao longo da sua história têm existido outras polémicas em volta do prémio, incluindo um ministro da Cultura (Kim Howells) que criticou as exposições, um convidado de honra (Madonna) que proferiu linguagem inadequada para televisão ao vivo, um jurado (Lynn Barber) a escrever na imprensa e um discurso de Sir Nicholas Serota (sobre a compra de uma obra pela própria Tate). O movimento stuckismo opõe-se a este prémio em particular.

O valor do prémio é de  libras desde 2004. O prémio é dado por um convidado especial: Madonna, Yoko Ono ou Jude Law já se contaram entre esses convidados.

O prémio recebeu o nome de Turner porque, embora agora este seja considerado um dos maiores artistas do país, enquanto ele estava ativo o seu trabalho era controverso. Enquanto Turner é visto atualmente como tradicionalista, a sua nova abordagem à pintura de paisagem mudou o curso da história da arte, como muitos dos vencedores do Prémio Turner aspiram a fazer.

Galardoados e nomeados

Ligações externas

The Turner Prize official website, Tate
20 years of Turner Prize winners (image gallery), The Guardian

Artes do Reino Unido
Turner
Turner
Turner


text:
Robert Douglas Flynn, Jr. (born April 18, 1951) is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1975 to 1985 as an infielder for the Cincinnati Reds, New York Mets, Texas Rangers, Montreal Expos and the Detroit Tigers. Flynn was a member of two world championship winning teams with the Cincinnati Reds and won a Gold Glove Award in 1980 as a member of the New York Mets.

Early life
Flynn was born and raised in Lexington, Kentucky. He attended Bryan Station High School, where he starred in baseball, basketball and football, playing quarterback on a 12-1 team. He went to the University of Kentucky on a combination baseball-basketball scholarship. While attending Kentucky, Flynn and some friends went to a Cincinnati Reds tryout camp. Flynn made the cut. After one more tryout camp and yet another audition at Riverfront Stadium, the Reds signed him as an amateur free agent in .

Playing career

Cincinnati Reds
Flynn batted .245 with six home runs and 113 runs batted in over three seasons in the Reds' farm system. Still, his glove impressed Reds manager Sparky Anderson. Despite having played shortstop predominantly in the minors, Flynn went into Spring training  battling Darrell Chaney, Dan Driessen and John Vukovich for the open third base job.

He made the team, but as a utility infielder, and made his major league debut on April 9 against the Los Angeles Dodgers at short. Starting the following night, Flynn scored his first major league run after reaching on a force play on the fourth inning. Three innings later, he chased Dodgers starter Rick Rhoden out of the game with his first career hit, a single to center.

Flynn batted just .172 with no home runs or RBIs in April. With Reds third basemen batting a combined .162, Anderson shifted perennial All-Star and former National League MVP Pete Rose to third, with George Foster taking over in left. The shift worked, as the team won 108 games that season to storm to a first-place finish in the National League West by twenty games over the Dodgers. The reduced role also seemed to do Flynn's bat some good. Over the rest of the season, Flynn batted .296 with twenty RBI. He hit his first major league home run on May 21 against the New York Mets, a game in which Tom Seaver was the losing pitcher.

Flynn saw semi-regular action early in the  season due to a back injury to Joe Morgan. During a nine-game stretch in June, Flynn batted .382. He ended up appearing in 93 games for the "Big Red Machine", as they became affectionately called, and batted .283 with one home run and twenty RBIs. The Reds won the  and  World Series. Flynn's only postseason appearance came as a defensive replacement in the 1976 National League Championship Series against the Philadelphia Phillies.

Flynn's role with the Reds decreased drastically in 1977. Through June 12, he appeared in 36 games, mostly as a late inning defensive replacement for Rose at third. Meanwhile, Tom Seaver was in a contract dispute with New York Mets chairman M. Donald Grant. On Wednesday, June 15, 1977 Grant traded Seaver to the Cincinnati Reds for Steve Henderson, Dan Norman, Pat Zachry and Flynn.

New York Mets
Flynn's playing time increased substantially upon his arrival in New York City, even though he batted just .191 with no home runs and fourteen RBIs. Most of his playing time came at short, but he spent time at second base as well. Following the season, the Mets reacquired formed number one overall draft pick Tim Foli to play short. Just as pitchers and catchers were reporting to Spring training, the Mets sold the contract of second baseman Félix Millán to the Taiyo Whales of Nippon Professional Baseball with the intention of using Flynn at second.

He began the season at second, but shifted to short when Foli injured his knee at the end of April, and returned there periodically throughout the remainder of the season. All told, he logged 430 innings at short, committing just seven errors for a .968 fielding percentage. At second, he logged the league's second best fielding percentage (behind the Montreal Expos' Dave Cash) at .986. With the bat, Flynn produced a modest .237 batting average with no home runs and 36 RBIs in the eighth spot of manager Joe Torre's batting order, however, he tied Lenny Randle and Joel Youngblood for the team lead with eight triples.

Flynn's first home run as a Met was a three-run shot off future Hall of Famer Gaylord Perry on May 1, . It was also his only career four RBI game. On June 12, just three days shy of the second anniversary of the "Midnight Massacre", Flynn hit his second home run, an inside-the-park three run homer, against the Reds to cap off a 12-6 Mets victory. Flynn seemed to be at his best against his former club. A week earlier, he doubled in the tying run, and later scored the go-ahead run in the Mets' 5–3 win over Cincinnati, and produced a .310 batting average with seven RBIs against Reds pitching. All told, 1979 was Flynn's best offensive season, as he batted .243 with career highs in home runs (4) and RBIs (61). He also began to emerge as one of the better fielding second basemen in the National League. He led the league in putouts and double plays turned, and was third in the league with a .983 fielding percentage.

On August 5, , Flynn tied a major league record with three triples in one game. He also scored all three times. For the week, he batted .419 (13 for 31) with five runs scored and five RBIs to be named NL Player of the Week. Still, Flynn's greatest contribution to his club was with his glove. His .991 fielding percentage was tops in the league, and earned him the National League Gold Glove Award at second base. He was just the third Met ever to receive this honor (Tommie Agee in  and Bud Harrelson in  being the first two).

Flynn signed a new five-year contract before the  season, but that did not prevent it from being his last season as a Met. With top prospect Wally Backman ready to make the jump to the majors, the Mets traded Flynn to the Texas Rangers with Dan Boitano for Jim Kern at the end of the season. Kern was then packaged with Greg Harris and Alex Treviño for George Foster from the Cincinnati Reds.

Rangers, Expos and Tigers
Just prior to the start of the  season, the Rangers traded incumbent second baseman Bump Wills to the Chicago Cubs, opening the starting job for Flynn. As the season wore on, rookie prospect Mike Richardt began getting the bulk of the playing time at second with Flynn splitting his time between second and short. The Montreal Expos had used seven different players at second base, and were desperate need of an upgrade at that position when they purchased Flynn's contract from Texas on August 2.

He held the starting second base job with the Expos through . At the 1984 Winter meetings, the Expos acquired third baseman Vance Law from the Chicago White Sox. Law had also played some second and was a shortstop in the minors. The intention was to convert him into a second baseman in Montreal. Once the experiment proved successful, the Expos placed Flynn on waivers. Though the Houston Astros expressed interest, he ended up signing with the Detroit Tigers for the remainder of the  season. He retired from baseball when the Tigers released him in Spring training the following season.

After retirement, Flynn shortly took up slow-pitch softball, playing on several traveling tournament teams in the late 80's and early 90's.

Career statistics

Personal life
Flynn's father, Bobby, was a second baseman in the Brooklyn Dodgers' organization in , and later played semi-pro ball with the Lexington Hustlers. While his son was coming up through the Reds' minor league system, Bobby was also climbing politically, serving as Kentucky state senator. His mother also played second base in fast-pitch softball for years. After retirement from baseball, Flynn spent a couple of years working in the Mets minor league system. He then headed up the state of Kentucky's anti-drug program.

Flynn's younger sister, Melanie, went missing in 1977 at the age of 24 and has not been heard from since. The case is heavily featured in the 1990 book The Bluegrass Conspiracy.

His wife, Olga, is a former Philadelphia Eagles cheerleader whom he was set up with by Pete Rose. They were married in February 1982 and they currently live in Lexington, Kentucky. Doug has been a banking officer for Central Bank, a locally owned, independent bank, since 1998.

In 1981, Flynn began singing country songs at Cody's, a club at Sixth Avenue and 16th Street in Manhattan on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday nights. When baseball went on strike in 1981, Flynn traveled briefly with the Oak Ridge Boys and sang on tour with them. He still loves to sing and pairs up with former Reds teammate Johnny Bench at their successful golf tournament every year on cabaret night. He still attends both New York Mets and Cincinnati Reds reunion events including serving as the Chairman of the Reds Fantasy Camp and guest for the Mets camp.

In early 2010, he faced a bout with thyroid cancer. '"They took my thyroid out, and it did a little damage to my voice box, but I'm doing good", Flynn said later that year, his voice giving away little hint of what's happened.'

Beginning in 2013, Flynn worked as a part-time radio broadcaster for the Cincinnati Reds, filling in for several games a year when one of their regular complement of broadcasters had some time off. He also appears periodically on Reds' TV broadcasts on Fox Sports Ohio hosting feature segments.  Flynn also appears on Kentucky Wildcats baseball games carried on the SEC Network  and SEC Network Plus.

Since 2015, Flynn has hosted Kentucky Life, a weekly half-hour magazine program on Kentucky Educational Television.

References

External links
, or Retrosheet, or The Ultimate Mets Database

1951 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Baseball players from Lexington, Kentucky
Baseball players from New York (state)
Bryan Station High School alumni
Cincinnati Reds announcers
Cincinnati Reds players
College baseball announcers in the United States
Detroit Tigers players
Gold Glove Award winners
Indianapolis Indians players
Kentucky Wildcats baseball players
Major League Baseball broadcasters
Major League Baseball second basemen
Major League Baseball shortstops
Minor league baseball managers
Montreal Expos players
New York Mets players
Sportspeople from Lexington, Kentucky
Tampa Tarpons (1957–1987) players
Texas Rangers players
Tigres de Aragua players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Trois-Rivières Aigles players


text:
Isaac Maliyamungu, (died February 1984) also known as Isaac Lugonzo, was a military officer of the Uganda Army (UA) who served as one of President Idi Amin's most important officials and supporters during the Ugandan military dictatorship of 1971–79. Born in Zaire, Maliyamungu was one of the members of the 1971 coup that brought Amin to power, and was thereafter responsible for brutally suppressing dissidents throughout the country. Rising in the ranks, Maliyamungu amassed great power and earned a feared reputation. He was responsible for the mass murder of civilians and soldiers suspected of being disloyal to Amin.

As the Ugandan military dictatorship weakened and Amin's support eroded among the country's masses and elite, Maliyamungu was one of his few remaining trusted confidants. After the Uganda–Tanzania War's outbreak in 1978, Maliyamungu held important military commands, but had little success in combat against the Tanzania People's Defence Force. When the Tanzanians and their Ugandan rebel allies overthrew Amin's government in 1979, Maliyamungu fled to Zaire, where he intended to become a businessman. In the following year, he and other Uganda Army commanders assembled a rebel force with which they invaded northwestern Uganda, starting the Ugandan Bush War. Maliyamungu died of poisoning in Sudan in 1984.

Biography

Early life and 1971 coup d'état

Born in western Zaire, Maliyamungu was a Christian of Kakwa ethnicity and a cousin or nephew of Idi Amin. At some point, he migrated to Uganda, and got a job as gatekeeper at the Nyanza textile factory in Jinja.

He joined the Uganda Army (UA) in 1967, possibly recruited on Amin's orders. By then, Amin had risen to deputy commander of the Uganda Army. In 1970 Maliyamungu was promoted to the rank of corporal and served as pay clerk for the Uganda Army Air Force at Entebbe. At the time, he was aiding Amin in secretly enlisting troops from the West Nile region and southern Sudan. These forces were trained in the Mabira Forest, and were part of Amin's preparations for a coup against President Milton Obote. Maliyamungu eventually learned of Obote's intentions to arrest Amin, and warned his relative, whereupon they accelerated their coup plans. He played a crucial role in Amin's subsequent coup against Obote, and it was later claimed that he had rammed an armoured personnel carrier into an important armoury in the capital Kampala during the coup, ensuring that the putschists had access to necessary weapons. Another putschist, Moses Galla, has disputed this story, and stated that he had been the driver of the APC. Maliyamungu's main task during the coup was to secure Entebbe airport. This he successfully did by driving a tank from the Malire Barracks to Entebbe, and shooting at the airport entrance. He killed two priests by chance, and caused a panic among the airport's guards. The loyalist resistance of Entebbe thus collapsed, allowing Maliyamungu to take control almost unopposed. His takeover of Entebbe impressed Amin, and Maliyamungu consequently won the favor of Uganda's new president.

After the successful coup, Maliyamungu was one of the officers who were entrusted with defeating the remaining militant Obote loyalists and purging the Uganda Army of anti-Amin elements. For this purpose, he was granted "unlimited powers to execute anyone in the army", including superior officers. Alongside Colonel Ali, Colonel Musa, and Major Malera, Maliyamungu succeeded in defeating the armed resistance to the new regime, and proceeded to murder hundreds of political opponents. He later boasted of "single-handedly mastermind[ing]" the mass murder of civilians suspected of being opposed to Amin.

Official under Idi Amin

Rise in the ranks

Maliyamungu quickly became Amin's "right-hand man". He was appointed member of the Defence Council, General Staff Officer I Grade responsible for training and operations (de facto army chief of staff), and commander of the Ordnance Depot at Magamaga. In 1972 he served as acting commander of the Second Infantry Battalion based in Masaka. He was appointed the official head of the "Second Simba Mechanized Battalion" at Masaka and promoted from major to lieutenant colonel in May 1973. In 1974, he transferred from head of the Ordnance Depot to commander of the Eagle Colonel Gaddafi Battalion, and was also given command of a mechanised regiment. In April 1975, Maliyamungu left leadership of the Gaddafi Battalion to Hussein Mohammed, and was appointed head of an entire brigade. He consequently oversaw several units from an office in Jinja.

Most importantly of all his commands, Maliyamungu headed the VIP Protection Unit (Amin's bodyguards and enforcers) and played a major role in the State Research Bureau, Uganda's intelligence agency. Along with Major General Mustafa Adrisi, he was believed to effectively control the entire Ugandan armed forces, and was regarded as the Ugandan President's "power base". Knowing that his power derived from his influence over the soldiers, Maliyamungu reportedly turned down offers of cabinet posts to stay in the barracks. He was generally respected and feared among the common soldiers, and held the power to beat or execute those who disappointed him or were suspected of being disloyal to the Amin regime. By 1977, he claimed to be the de facto heir of Amin due to his loyalty to the regime and reliability in carrying out the President's orders.

In 1976, Maliyamungu was responsible for a major security blunder. Uganda's Ambassador to Lesotho, Isaac Lumago, overheard a conversation by Kenya Air Force officers on 4 July. They discussed plans by Israel to carry out a raid against Entebbe to free hostages who were held there by Palestinian and German hijackers with assistance by the Ugandan government. The ambassador informed Maliyamungu, but he regarded the report as "gasiya" (rubbish) and took no action whatsoever. That same day, Israeli commandos carried out Operation Entebbe, freeing the hostages, and destroying one quarter of the Uganda Army Air Force. While the raid took place, Maliyamungu was allegedly relaxing at a nearby hotel with a prostitute. Following the raid, he had 14 soldiers arrested under suspicion of collaborating with the Israelis. Once they were gathered in a room at Makindye Barracks, Maliyamungu shot 12 of them with his pistol.

Over time, Amin's brutal regime was increasingly destabilized by internal divisions and economic problems despite great repression by state authorities. One of Amin's policies that drew opposition even among his original followers was the great power he gave to Kakwa and Nubians, while leaving officials of other ethnicies underrepresented. As result, a group of officers led by Brigadier Charles Arube attempted to overthrow Amin and kill his Nubian/Kakwa followers, including Maliyamungu. In the end, the so-called Arube uprising failed. Maliyamungu was also regarded as "prime target" for assassination by Ugandan exiles, as he controlled much of the Uganda Army's tank forces. By 1978, Maliyamungu was one of the few remaining people who were regarded as trusted and loyal followers of Amin. He was one of the officers who were responsible for enlisting 10,000 new soldiers for the Uganda Army in Sudan, Kibera (Kenya), and Uganda around September 1978. This mass recruitment followed extensive purges in the military.

Involvement in state repression
Maliyamungu was known as Idi Amin's "hit man" and "principal hangman". The forces under his command used extreme methods in suppressing suspected dissidents. Though there is no record of Maliyamungu behaving violently before the coup, after Amin's takeover he became one the new regime's most vicious officials. He was reportedly feared by his colleagues on the Defence Council due to his brutality, and by the rest of the army due to his great powers and close connection with President Amin. Maliyamungu preferred to execute his victims by dismembering or disemboweling them and driving military trucks or tanks over them. His reputation was such that people would panic whenever he came to visit an area.

Maliyamungu was linked to the deaths of several prominent Ugandans during the rule of Amin. In 1972, rebels invaded Uganda. Maliyamungu was entrusted with hunting down and killing rebel stragglers and supporters in Masaka. In course of these purges, he was reportedly responsible for the execution of Francis Walugembe, the popular former Mayor of Masaka. Maliyamungu had previously come into conflict with Walugembe while the latter was mayor as the former tried to exert significant control over Masaka. Maliyamungu first cut off Walugembe's genitals, then paraded him through Masaka's streets, and finally "cut [him] into pieces in the [town's] market in full public view". He also chaired the show trial of Janani Luwum, Archbishop of the Church of Uganda, and other religious leaders in 1977. Luwum as well as his colleagues were murdered shortly after the trial. According to Mustafa Adrisi (Vice President of Uganda at the time) and a Human rights commission, Maliyamungu was directly responsible for their deaths. Intelligence reports also implicate him in the killing of Kung'u Karumba, a friend of Prime Minister of Kenya Jomo Kenyatta and a prominent Kenyan nationalist. Maliyamungu's wife was reportedly indebted to Karumba, and the latter was murdered during a disagreement over the debts in June 1974.

According to George Ivan Smith, President Amin, Vice President Adrisi, and Maliyamungu decided to order a purge of Langi and Acholi in northern Uganda in 1977. Thousands belonging to these ethnic groups, primarily men, were subsequently murdered. Despite the widespread and brutal suppression of all dissidents, the power of the Amin regime increasingly deteriorated in the late 1970s, as political and economic instability grew in Uganda. In response to these developments, Maliyamungu (by then promoted to brigadier) declared in a 1978 speech to 10,000 civilians that he would use tanks and bulldozers to destroy any area that was opposed to the government, proving to everyone that the regime "is hotter than a heated iron bar and not afraid to act".

Corruption
Like many other high-ranking officials under Amin, Maliyamungu used his power to enrich himself. When Amin ordered the expulsion of Asians from Uganda, Maliyamungu was placed on a committee to oversee the distribution of their wealth, taking much for himself. He was also involved in coffee smuggling, shipping large amounts of coffee with boats from Uganda across Lake Victoria to Kenya. President Amin ordered his British advisor Bob Astles to clamp down on Maliyamungu's smuggling operations in 1978. According to Indian diplomat Madanjeet Singh, Maliyamungu responded by kidnapping and torturing Astles before releasing him.

Maliyamungu also used his national position to intervene in sporting. In late 1975 he interrupted a session of the Uganda Amateur Athletics Association (UAAA) general assembly and declared his desire to lead the organisation. The assembly then unanimously elected him UAAA chairman. During this time he repeatedly intervened in the affairs of Uganda's national sport teams to oversee their preparations for the 1976 Summer Olympics. This came to naught as Uganda boycotted the event.

The Uganda–Tanzania War, exile and death

When the Uganda–Tanzania War broke out under unclear circumstances in October 1978, the Uganda Army soon began to encounter serious difficulties. The Ugandan Invasion of Kagera was repelled by November 1978, as the Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) launched a large-scale counter-offensive. After retaking Kagera, the Tanzanians advanced into Uganda. At the time, Radio Tanzania falsely claimed that Amin had dismissed Maliyamungu and put him under house arrest.

By February 1979, Maliyamungu was in command of the garrison at Masaka, which was one of the most important towns in southern Uganda, and thus became a target of the advancing Tanzanian troops. Though thousands strong, the Ugandan forces at Masaka were wrought by indiscipline and internal divisions. With the exception of a number of probes against Tanzanian positions around the town, which Maliyamungu ordered on 23 February, the defense of Masaka was ineffective. The TPDF managed to occupy it almost without resistance on 24 February, while the Ugandans fled north. Maliyamungu got lost in the bush for more than a week following the battle at Masaka; according to journalist Felix Ocen, he feared reprisals for his defeat, and eventually returned with an apology.

With Masaka under Tanzanian control, Kampala was threatened, prompting President Amin to order a counter-offensive. It was planned that the Ugandans and allied Libyan forces would first retake Lukaya, and then attack Masaka with the ultimate aim of expelling the TPDF from Uganda. Maliyamungu was one of the commanders entrusted with leading this operation, and prepared the troops under his command well according to Tanzanian Lieutenant Colonel Ben Msuya. The Ugandan offensive began on 10 March 1979, starting the Battle of Lukaya. Widely differing assessments of Maliyamungu's conduct during this battle exist. Whereas Msuya praised him for smartly executing the initial Ugandan attack which resulted in the rout of the Tanzanian 201st Brigade and capture of Lukaya, Idi Amin's son Jaffar Rembo Amin later claimed that Maliyamungu had been bribed by the Tanzanians to lose the battle, and also accused him of cowardice by placing his command position miles from the frontlines. The battle turned against the Ugandans on 11 March, as the TPDF launched a successful counter-attack. In an attempt to strengthen morale, Maliyamungu and Major General Yusuf Gowon joined their troops on the front line at Lukaya. For unknown reasons, the positions the two men took were frequently subject to sudden, intense rocket fire. Ugandan junior officers tried to convince their men that the Tanzanians were probably aware of the generals' presence and were targeting them with precise bombardments. The Ugandan troops nonetheless felt that Maliyamungu and Gowon were harbingers of misfortune and nicknamed them bisirani, or "bad omen". The leading Ugandan commander at Lukaya, Godwin Sule, realised the generals were not having a positive effect and asked them to leave the front.

When Amin's regime finally collapsed and Kampala fell to the Tanzanians, Maliyamungu fled with his family across the border to Zaire. He took a substantial amount of his wealth with him, and intended to become a businessman. Maliyamungu subsequently became involved in the pro-Amin rebellion in the West Nile sub-region during the Ugandan Bush War. Having gathered a band of fighters, he invaded the West Nile region from Zaire in coordination with other Amin loyalists. He later moved to Sudan where he died of poisoning in February 1984.

Personal life
Maliyamungu was multilingual, and could speak Kakwa, Kiswahili, English, Lusoga, Luganda, Runyoro, Luo, as well as other languages. Although little is known about his education, he was regarded as intelligent. The Drum magazine described Maliyamungu as ruthless, courageous, and highly ambitious. In regard to his brutal suppression of dissidents, historian Richard J. Reid described Maliyamungu as "possibly psychotic", while researcher Samuel Decalo called him "a notoriously sadistic killer". Even Amin once reportedly remarked that Maliyamungu was possibly insane.

Maliyamungu was married, and had a son named Samson.

Legacy
Maliyamungu was one of the most well known and infamous members of the Amin regime. His violent behaviour has remained a critical part of memory of him in Uganda. As result of his reputation, Maliyamungu's name was even used as nickname for another infamous soldier, Musa Jammeh, a member of the Gambia's presidential guard under Yahya Jammeh. Both informal narratives and academic works often use him as an example of the foreign "mercenaries" employed by Amin's regime and often imply that his violent behaviour could be explained by either his non-Ugandan origin or his allegedly "psychotic" mental state.

Maliyamungu was portrayed by Ka Vundla in the 1981 biographical film Rise and Fall of Idi Amin.

Notes

References

Citations

Works cited

Year of birth uncertain
1984 deaths
Ugandan military personnel
Ugandan murder victims
Ugandan exiles
Ugandan people murdered abroad
Deaths by poisoning
People murdered in Sudan
Democratic Republic of the Congo emigrants to Uganda
Idi Amin
Military personnel of the Uganda–Tanzania War


text:
Multiple disturbances broke out on Christmas Day of 1981 and New Year's Day of 1982 in Hong Kong. Since the majority of the participants were youths, the riots were also named as the Christmas youth riots of 1981  and New Year youth riots of 1982. The riots had a long-term impact on the government's youth policy.

Events
A riot broke out in the early morning of Christmas Day, 25 December 1981 in Central, Hong Kong. In a minor road accident, a car driver accidentally hit a pedestrian near the Mandarin Oriental hotel around 1:30 am, arousing unrest among the youth in the area that eventually evolved into a riot. In the ensuing chaos, 11 were injured and 7 cars were damaged. The police deployed the Police Tactical Unit (PTU) to disperse the crowd.  At 5 AM, the riot subsided and 18 were arrested.  The same day, the Government of Hong Kong increased the number of policemen patrolling major business areas and kept cars away from the Central District.

The day after the incident, Secretary for Home Affairs Denis Bray dismissed characterisations of the event as rioting, calling it "just some disturbances caused by kids who had too much to drink". He said there was no apparent motivation, attributing the disorder to "high spirits with some spirits out of bottles as well". A senior police commander also stated that the events were "definitely not a riot".

Another disturbance broke out early New Year's Day of 1982, when crowds of youth began heckling revellers. The police had anticipated trouble, and had deployed hundreds of officers (both uniformed and plainclothes) to disperse the crowds. Nine people were arrested and released on bail.

Aftermath
The Government of Hong Kong addressed the increasing "problems" with youth, citing disobedience in school and the popularity of snooker and arcade games among youth.  The government channeled additional resources into youth welfare.

Two other riots in 1982 and 1984 were ignited by football fans and a tax on taxis.

See also
 1956 Hong Kong riots
 1966 Hong Kong riots
 1967 Hong Kong riots
 Youth in Hong Kong

References

External links
A section about the riot
On the youth problem (Microsoft Word format)

Riots
Riots
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
British Hong Kong
1981 riots


text:
Lompolojoki (moerasrivier) is een riviertje dat stroomt in de Finse gemeente Kolari in de regio Lapland. De rivier verzorgt de afwatering van het meer Lompolojärvi. Ze is ongeveer 12 kilometer lang. Ze behoort net als haar Zweedse tegenhanger tot het stroomgebied van de Torne.

Afwatering: Lompolojoki → Muonio →  Torne → Botnische Golf

De Zweedse naamgenoot is Lompolorivier

Rivier in Finland
Stroomgebied van de Torne


text:
Eurimedusa (del griego ) es un nombre atribuido a diversas mujeres de la mitología griega:

Eurimedusa, hija de Cletor o Aqueloo. Zeus se transformó en hormiga para poseerla (habiendo transformado en hormiga a Eurimedusa también) y así engendraron a Mirmidón.

Eurimedusa, una anciana de Apeire, niñera de Nausícaa.

Eurimedusa, posible madre de las Cárites, tenidas con Zeus.

Eurimedusa, una hija de Etolo.

Eurimedusa, hija de Polixeno, una de las doncellas que iban a ser sacrificadas al Minotauro.

Referencias


text:
Le Moucherolle cendré (Contopus cinereus) est une espèce de passereau placée dans la famille des Tyrannidae.

Systématique
Le Moucherolle cendré a été décrit en 1825 sous le nom scientifique de Platyrhynchus cinereus par Johann Baptist von Spix.

Sous-espèces
Cet oiseau est représenté par 7 sous-espèces.
 Contopus cinereus cinereus : du Sud-Est du Brésil (de l'État de Bahia à celui de Paraná) à l'Est du Paraguay et au Nord-Est de l'Argentine ;
 Contopus cinereus pallescens (Hellmayr, 1927) : depuis l'extrême Sud-Est du Pérou jusqu'à l'Est du Brésil, à la Bolivie et au Nord-Ouest de l'Argentine ;
 Contopus cinereus bogotensis (Bonaparte, 1850) : Colombie, Nord du Venezuela et Trinidad ;
 Contopus cinereus surinamensis F. P. Penard & A. P. Penard, 1910 : du Sud du Venezuela aux Guyanes et au Nord-Est du Brésil ;
 Contopus cinereus brachytarsus (P. L. Sclater, 1859) : du Sud-Est du Mexique (États d'Oaxaca et de Veracruz) au Panama ;
 Contopus cinereus rhizophorus (Dwight & Griscom, 1924) : littoral aride de la côte pacifique de l'Ouest du Costa Rica (province de Guanacaste) ;
 Contopus cinereus aithalodes Wetmore, 1957 : île Coiba (Panama).

De plus, le Moucherolle de Puna (Contopus punensis) est considéré par certains auteurs comme conspécifique avec le Moucherolle cendré, faisant ainsi de lui une 8 sous-espèce. La base de données ITIS lui donne le nom de  Contopus cinereus punensis.

Liens externes

Références

Tyrannidae
Oiseau d'Amérique du Sud


text:
Dila  je grad u južnoj Etiopiji, u Regiji Južnih naroda, narodnosti i etničkih grupa u Zoni Gadeo. Dila je udaljena oko 364 km južno od glavnog grada Adis Abebe i oko 90 km južno od regionalnog središta Avase. Dila leži na nadmorskoj visini od 1,570 metara, preko Dile ide magistralna transafrička prometnica Adis Abeba - Nairobi. Dila je najveći grad u woredi Venago.

Dila se razvila kao trgovište kave, koja se uzgaja u okolici na velikim plantažama (poznata vrsta jirgačefe).
U Dili od 1996. djeluju viša učiteljska i zdravstvena škola u sklopu Sveučilišta Avasa.
Pored grada nalaze se brojni arheološki lokliteti (Tutu Fela, Tutitisa) s kamenim stelama.

Povijest
Oko 1930., jedna skupina plemena Guji Oromo naselila se je u široj okolici, tad je u Dili djelovala i jedna njemačka etnološka ekspedicija, oni su otpočeli svoj eksperimentalni program - stalnog naseljavanja poljoprivrednika.

Između 1960. i 1963. intenzivno se razmišljalo o izgradnji željezničke pruge Adama - Dila ukupne dužine 310 km, na razradi tog projekta radili su i brojni stručnjaci iz tadašnje Jugoslavije 1965. Francuska vlada nudila je kredit, no zbog nepovoljnih okolnosti Etiopska vlada je odustala od projekta, tako da ta pruga nikad nije izgrađena.

Dila je došla na svjetske naslovnice 1960. kad je u okolici grada (gora Mičile) izbila pobuna, zbog feudalnih uvjeta u kojem su živjeli lokalni seljaci, tu pobunu u krvi je ugušila vojska.

Dila se ponovno našla na naslovnicama 22. srpnja 1998. kad su izbili nasilni sukobi između dviju političkih grupa. Glasnogovornik etiopske vlade Selome Taddesse, iznio je podatak da je oko 140 ljudi poginulo u tim sukobima, uz veliki broj izbjeglica.

Stanovništvo
Prema podacima Središnje statističke agencije Etiopije -(CSA) za 2005. grad Dila imao je 61,114 stanovnika, od toga 31,329 muškaraca i 29,785 žena.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Sveučilište Dila
Dilla, Ethiopia na stranicama Ethiopia & Eritrea Returned Peace Corps Volunteers

Gradovi u Etiopiji
Regija Južnih naroda, narodnosti i etničkih grupa


text:
Географія
Редонду розташований на південному сході Португалії, на південному сході округу Евора.

Редонду межує на півночі з муніципалітетами  і , на сході — з муніципалітетами  і , на південному заході — з муніципалітетом , на заході — з муніципалітетом .

Історія
1250 року португальський король Афонсу III надав Редонду форал, яким визнав за поселенням статус містечка та муніципальні самоврядні права.

Населення

Примітки

Джерела
 Redondo

Посилання

 Офіційний сайт

!


text:
Битва за Суринам — сражение в ходе наполеоновских войн на северо-востоке Южной Америки, начавшееся высадкой британцев на территории нидерландской колонии Суринам, в районе Парамарибо, Джорджтауна и Албины, 5 мая 1804 года и закончившееся их победой.

После вторжения французов в Республику Соединённых провинций в 1795 году и превращения последней в дочернюю республику Соединённое королевство Великобритании и Ирландии начало военные действия против всех голландских колоний. И хотя Голландия являлась его конкуренткой в борьбе за сферы влияния, действия Франции представляли всё же непосредственную угрозу господству англичан на море вообще и их колониям в частности.

5 мая 1804 года к побережью Суринама, в районе которого несли службу голландцы, подошла эскадра Королевского ВМФ Великобритании сэра Самуэля Худа. Через несколько часов британцы под командованием сэра  высадились на территории Парамарибо с целью начала военных действий и в течение дня овладели Суринамом.

Литература

История Суринама
История Гайаны
Морские сражения Великобритании
Сражения 1804 года
Май 1804 года
Сражения Нидерландов
Морские сражения Наполеоновских войн


text:
Le Tournoi des Cinq Nations 1997 (du  au ) est remporté par la France, qui réalise son cinquième Grand chelem.

Classement

LégendeJ matches joués, V victoires, N matches nuls, D défaitesPM points marqués, PE points encaissés, Δ différence de points terrainPts points de classement (2 points pour une victoire, 1 point en cas de match nul, rien pour une défaite)Les équipes à égalité de points de classement sont départagées par la différence Δ de points terrain.

XV de France
Le XV de France réussit son cinquième Grand chelem, le premier depuis dix ans.

Cette année, le crunch contre l'Angleterre est le choc du Tournoi et se joue à Twickenham. Menée (14-6) à la mi-temps, puis à l'heure de jeu (20-6), la France inscrit son premier essai à la  minute du match et finit par s'imposer à l'extérieur sur la marque de 23 points à 20.

Le Tournoi des Cinq Nations 1997 est le dernier joué au Parc des Princes.

Nouveaux sélectionneurs de l'équipe de France :
 Jean-Claude Skrela
 Pierre Villepreux

Résultats
Première journée : samedi

Deuxième journée : samedi  1997

Troisième journée : samedi  1997

Quatrième journée : samedi  1997

Cinquième journée : samedi  1997

Les matches

Première journée

Les équipes :15. Conor O'Shea 14. Dominic Crotty 13. Jonathan Bell 12. Maurice Field (Kurt McQuilkin )  10. Eric Elwood  7. David Corkery 8. Eric Miller 6. Denis McBride   3. Richard Wallace 2. Keith Wood  (Allen Clarke ) 1. Nick Popplewell
15. Jean-Luc Sadourny 14. Émile Ntamack 13. Stéphane Glas 12. Thomas Castaignède 11. David Venditti   7. Philippe Benetton 8. Fabien Pelous 6. Abdelatif Benazzi   (Richard Castel ) 4. Olivier Merle 3. Franck Tournaire 2. Marc Dal Maso .

Les équipes :
 15. Rowan Shepherd 14. Tony Stanger 13. Gavin Hastings 12. Gregor Townsend 11. Kenny Logan 10. Craig Chalmers 9. Gary Armstrong 7. Murray Wallace   5. Andy Reed 4. Doddie Weir 3. Mattie Stewart 2. Graham Ellis 1. Dave Hilton
 15. Neil Jenkins 14. Ieuan Evans 13. Allan Bateman 12. Scott Gibbs 11. Arwel Thomas 10. Gareth Thomas 9. Rob Howley 7. Colin Charvis 8. Scott Quinnell   4. Gareth Llewellyn 3. David Young 2. Jonathan Humphreys  1. Christian Loader.

Deuxième journée

Les équipes :
15. Tim Stimpson 14. Jon Sleightholme 13. Will Carling 12. Phil de Glanville  11. Tony Underwood 10. Paul Grayson 9. Andy Gomarsall    5. Martin Johnson 4. Simon Shaw 3. Teddy Rodber 2. Mark Regan 1. Jason Leonard

15. Rowen Shepherd 14. Derek Stark 13. Andrew Stanger 12. Ronnie Eriksson 11. Kenny Logan 10. Gregor Townsend 9. Bryan Redpath  8. Graham Ellis 6. Mattie Stewart  4. Andy Reed 3. Peter Walton 2. Rob Wainwright  1. Ian Smith.

Les équipes :15. Neil Jenkins 14. Ieuan Evans 13. Gareth Thomas 12. Scott Gibbs 11. Dafydd James 10. Arwel Thomas 9. Rob Howley 7. Christian Loader  6. David Young  4. Mark Rowley 3. Steve Williams 2. Colin Charvis 1. Scott Quinnell
15. Jim Staples  14. Denis Hickie 13. Jonathan Bell 12. Maurice Field 11. Dominic Crotty 10. Eric Elwood 9. Neil Hogan 7. Nick Popplewell     3. David Corkery 2. Denis McBride 1. Eric Miller.

Troisième journée

Les Équipes France15. Jean-Luc Sadourny 14. Laurent Leflamand 13. Richard Dourthe (Christophe Lamaison) 12. Stéphane Glas 11. David Venditti 10. Christophe Lamaison 9. Philippe Carbonneau 7. Richard Castel 8. Fabien Pelous 6. Abdelatif Benazzi () (Olivier Magne ) 5. Hugues Miorin 4. Olivier Merle 3. Jean-Louis Jordana 2. Marc Dal Maso 1. Christian Califano
 pays de Galles15. Neil Jenkins 14. Ieuan Evans (Jonathan Davies) 13. Allan Bateman 12. Scott Gibbs 11. Gareth Thomas 10.  Arwel Thomas 9. David Howley 7. Colin Charvis 8. Steve Quinnell 6. Steve Williams 5. Gareth Llewellyn 4. Mark Rowley 3. David Young 2. Jonathan Humphreys () 1. Christian Loader

Les équipes
15. J Staples () 14. Denis Hickie 13. J Bell 12. M Field 11. J Topping 10. Eric Elwood 9. N Hogan 7. N Popplewell 8. R Nesdale 6. P Wallace 5. P Johns 4. J Davidson 3. D Corkery 2. E Miller 1. D McBride
15. Tim Stimpson 14. Jon Sleightholme 13. Will Carling 12. Phil de Glanville () 11. Tony Underwood 10. Paul Grayson 9. Andy Gomarsall 7. R Hill 8.T Rodber 6.  Lawrence Dallaglio 5. M Johnson 4. Simon Shaw 3.Jason Leonard 2.  M Regan 1. G Rowntree

Quatrième journée

Les Équipes15. Tim Stimpson 14.  Sleightholme 13. Will Carling 12. Phil de Glanville () 11. Tony Underwood 10. Paul Grayson 9.  Gomarsall 7. Richard Hill 8.  Rodber 6. Lawrence Dallaglio 5. Simon Shaw 4. Jonson 3. Jason Leonard 2. Mark Regan  1.  Rowntree
15. Jean-Luc Sadourny 14. Laurent Leflamand 13. Christophe Lamaison 12. Stéphane Glas 11. David Venditti 10. Alain Penaud 9. Philippe Carbonneau 7. Olivier Magne 8. Fabien Pelous 6. Abdelatif Benazzi () (Marc de Rougemont ) 5. Olivier Merle 4. Hugues Miorin (Richard Castel ) 3. Franck Tournaire 2. Marc Dal Maso 1. Christian Califano

Les équipes
15. Rowen Shepherd 14. A Stanger 13. Alan Tait 12. Gregor Townsend 11. K Logan 10. C Chalmers 9. B Redpath 7. T Smith 8. G Ellis 6. M Stewart 5. G Weir 4. A Reed 3. R Wainwright () 2. P Walton 1. I Smith

15. J Staples () 14. Denis Hickie 13. M Field 12. K McQuilkin 11. J Bell 10. D Humphreys 9. B O'meara 7. P Flavin 8. R Nesdale 6. P Wallace 5. P Johns 4. J Davidson 3. D Corkery 2. B Cronin 1. D McBride

Cinquième journée

Les Équipes15. Jean-Luc Sadourny 14. Laurent Leflamand (Ugo Mola ) 13. Christophe Lamaison 12. Stéphane Glas 11. David Venditti (P Bondouy ) 10. David Aucagne 9. Guy Accoceberry (Philippe Carbonneau ) 7. Olivier Magne 8. Fabien Pelous 6. Abdelatif Benazzi () 5. Olivier Merle 4. Hugues Miorin (R Castel ) 3. Franck Tournaire (J-L Jordana ) 2. Marc Dal Maso (Marc de Rougemont  1. D.Casadei
15. Rowen Shepherd 14. T Stanger 13. Alan Tait 12. Gregor Townsend 11. K Logan 10. C Chalmers 9. B Redpath 7. T Smith 8. P Walton 6. R Wainright () 5. G Weir 4. A Reed 3. M Stewart 2. G Ellis 1. I Smith

Les équipes
15. Neil Jenkins 14. Simon Hill 13.  Allan Bateman 12. Nigel Davies 11. Gareth Thomas 10.  Davies 9. Rob Howley 7. Kingsley Jones 8. Scott Quinnell 6. Steve Williams 5. Mike Voyle 4. Gareth Llewellyn 3. David Young
2. Jonathan Humphreys () 1. Christian Loader

15. Tim Stimpson 14. Jon Sleightholme 13. Will Carling 12. Phil de Glanville 11. Tony Underwood 10. Mike Catt 9. Austin Healey 7. Richard Hill 8. Tim Rodber 6. Ben Clarke 5. Simon Shaw 4. Martin Johnson 3. Jason Leonard 2. Mark Regan 1.  Rowntree

Composition de l'équipe victorieuse
 voir article : Équipe de France de rugby à XV au Tournoi des Cinq Nations 1997

Notes et références

1997
Rugby à XV en 1997


text:
Деак-Ференц-тер () — пересадочний вузол Будапештського метрополітену, на якому перетинаються три з чотирьох існуючих ліній. До березня 2014 року був єдиним пересадочних вузлом Будапештського метро.

Всі три станції розташовані під однойменною площею в центральній частині Пешта. Вузол має велике транспортне значення. Площа і станція названі ім'ям Ференца Деака, угорського політика XIX століття.

Платформа лінії M1

Платформа лінії M1 була видкріта 2 травня 1896 року у складі першої дільниці Будапештського метрополітену «» — «».

У 1955 році при будівництві лінії M2 станція була перенесена на нинішнє місце, а в старому залі в 1975 році був відкрит музей Фельдалатті, в який можна потрапити з вестибюля пересадочного вузла.

Платформа лінії M2

Платформа лінії M2 була видкріта 4 квітня 1970 року у складі першої дільниці лінії M2 «Деак-Ференц-тер» — «». Станція пілонного типу, побудована тунельним способом і складається з однієї острівної платформи.

Платформа лінії M3

Платформа лінії M3 була видкріта 31 грудня 1976 року у складі першої дільниці лінії M3 «Деак-Ференц-тер» — «». Станція колонного типу, побудована тунельним способом і складається з однієї острівної платформи.

Примітки

Будапештський метрополітен
Лінія M3 Будапештського метрополітену


text:
The Karachi Yacht Club, formerly known as Karachi Sailing Club, is a yacht club located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

History
It was founded in 1911 as Karachi Sailing Club. The Club's premises were originally situated at Manora.

See also
 Karachi Boat Club
 Yacht club

References

External links
 Karachi Yacht Club - Official site
Pakistan Sailing Federation

1911 establishments in British India
Yacht clubs in Asia
Sports venues in Karachi
Organisations based in Karachi


text:
Руј Рамос (; 9. фебруар 1957) бивши је јапански фудбалер.

Каријера
Током каријере је играо за Верди Кавасаки и Кјото Санга.

Репрезентација
За репрезентацију Јапана дебитовао је 1990. године. За тај тим је одиграо 32 утакмице и постигао 1 гол.

Статистика

Референце

Спољашње везе

Рођени 1957.
Јапански фудбалери
Везни играчи у фудбалу


text:
The year 1694 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Botany
 Joseph Pitton de Tournefort publishes Éléments de botanique ou méthode pour reconnaître les plantes.
 Rudolf Jakob Camerarius publishes De Sexu Plantarum Epistola in which he demonstrates the role of stamens and pistils in plant reproduction.

Births
 June 26 – Georg Brandt, Swedish chemist (died 1768)

Deaths
 November 29 – Marcello Malpighi, Italian physiologist (born 1628)

References

17th century in science
1690s in science


text:
Административно-территориальное деление Англии имеет довольно сложную структуру. Вся территория страны разделена на 9 регионов и 48 церемониальных графств. Церемониальные графства делятся на территории с двухуровневой (графства и районы) и одноуровневой администрацией (унитарные образования). Наконец, на последнем уровне находятся общины.

Современная административная система сложилась в результате последовательных реформ, берущих своё начало с законодательных актов 1965 и 1974 годов.

Регионы

Регионы (, или Government Office Regions) — административно-территориальные единицы верхнего уровня в Англии. Каждый регион включает одну или несколько единиц уровня графств. Деление на регионы было введено в 1994 г. правительством Джона Мейджора. Список:
 Большой Лондон
 Юго-Восточная Англия
 Юго-Западная Англия
 Западный Мидленд
 Северо-Западная Англия
 Северо-Восточная Англия
 Йоркшир и Хамбер
 Восточный Мидленд
 Восточная Англия

Наместнический уровень

Церемониальные графства () — обиходное название британских наместничеств () на территории Англии (официально это название нигде не закреплено). Наместничество — это территория, для которой назначается лорд-наместник (Lord Lieutenant), почётный представитель британского монарха. Церемониальные графства не выполняют административных функций. Однако число и границы этих графств достаточно стабильны и поэтому этот уровень часто используется для географической привязки (а сами графства могут называться географическими), например, при определении границ избирательных округов. В настоящее время в Англии насчитывается 48 церемониальных графств. Хотя границы церемониальных графств практически всегда проходят по границам регионов, есть и некоторые несовпадения.

Уровень графств

Административные графства делятся на несколько типов, в зависимости от преобладающего типа поселений (только городские или нет) и от наличия дальнейшего деления на районы (с двухуровневой (графства и районы) и одноуровневой администрацией (унитарные образования). На основе соотношения этих параметров выделяются четыре типа единиц уровня графства:
 6 городов-графств (метропольные графства; Metropolitan counties) — преимущественно городские территории без собственных органов власти, большинство полномочий делегировано районным советам;
 27 сельских графств (ширы, двухуровневые неметропольные графства; Non-metropolitan county/Shire county) — двухуровневые территории, имеющие органы власти как на уровне графства, так и на районном уровне;
 56 унитарных образований (унитарные единицы, УО; Unitary authorities) — территории с одноуровневой администрацией, совмещающей в себе администрацию графства и района;
 в том числе острова Силли — особое унитарное образование, часть полномочий делящее с УО Корнуолла;
 Большой Лондон — особое образование, делящееся на 32 района Лондона (боро) и Лондонский Сити (является отдельным церемониальным графством).

Сельские графства и унитарные образования вместе называются неметропольными графствами.

Число унитарных образований постепенно увеличивается, либо путём выделения отдельных районов из состава графства, либо путём объединения всех районов графства в один.

Районный уровень
На районном уровне Англия делится на 326 административных единиц следующих типов:
 68 городских районов (муниципальные/метропольные районы);
 32 района Лондона ();
 36 районов других городов-графств ();
 201 (сельский) район ();
 Лондонский Сити;
 56 унитарных образований (унитарные единицы, УО), которые одновременно являются и графствами.

Кроме того некоторые районы (как городские, так и нет) могут иметь следующие почётные статусы:
 сити () — в Англии 50;
 королевское боро () — 3;
 боро () — около 190.

Общинный уровень
Значительная часть районов и унитарных образований Англии поделено на общины (, букв. «административный приход») — самый низший уровень административного деления. По данным на декабрь 2009 года, в Англии существовало 10473 общины, и их число постепенно увеличивается.

Общины охватывают лишь 35 % населения, из-за того что большая часть городов (где сосредоточено большинство населения Англии) не имеет общинного деления. В частности ни одной общины нет в Большом Лондоне, хотя с 2008 года такая возможность официально существует.

По решению общинного совета община может именоваться town (город), village (деревня), neighbourhood (округа, квартал) или community (община). Кроме того, несколько общин имеют статус большого города (сити, city), дарованный королём Великобритании.

См. также
 Административное деление Уэльса
 Административное деление Шотландии
 Административное деление Ирландии

Примечания

Административное деление Англии


text:
Вру́блівці — село в Україні, у Слобідсько-Кульчієвецькій сільській територіальній громаді Кам'янець-Подільського району Хмельницької області. Населення становить 863 осіб.

Географія
Село Врублівці розташоване біля річки Тернава у південній частині Кам'янець-Подільського району.

Історія
У люстрації 1469 року вказано, що королівські маєтності Панівці, Врублівці, Зеленче та інші були в управлінні Петра Кердея.

З 1991 року в складі незалежної України.

14 серпня 2017 року в результаті адміністративно-територіальної реформи та об'єднання Врубловецької, Слобідсько-Кульчієвецької та Устянської сільських рад, село увійшло до складу Слобідсько-Кульчієвецької сільської громади.

Відомі люди

У селі народився Олексій Володимирович Мельник — тренер, заслужений працівник фізичної культури та спорту України.

Охорона природи
Село лежить у межах національного природного парку «Подільські Товтри». Біля села розташована пам'ятка природи — «Врублівецький ліс».

Див. також
 Поділля
 Подоляни
 Подільський говір
 Децентралізація

Примітки

Села Хмельницької області


text:
Veicolo Blindato Medio
 Voxel-based morphometry – morfometria basata sui voxel


text:
Pamoyanan is een bestuurslaag in het regentschap Cianjur van de provincie West-Java, Indonesië. Pamoyanan telt 14.572 inwoners (volkstelling 2010).

Plaats in West-Java


text:
64 Ōzumō 2 est un jeu vidéo de sumo sorti en 1999 sur Nintendo 64. Le jeu a été développé et édité par Bottom Up. Il s'agit de la suite de 64 Ōzumō qui est également sorti sur Nintendo 64.

Système de jeu

Jeu vidéo de sumo
Jeu vidéo sorti en 1999
Jeu Nintendo 64
Jeu vidéo développé au Japon


text:
Peckhamia semicana est une espèce d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Salticidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce se rencontre au Brésil dans l'État de Rio de Janeiro et en Argentine dans la province de Misiones.

Description
Le mâle holotype mesure .

La femelle décrite par Galiano en 1974 mesure .

Systématique et taxinomie
Cette espèce a été décrite sous le protonyme Consingis semicana par Simon en 1900. Elle est placée dans le genre Peckhamia par en .

Publication originale
 Simon, 1900 : « Descriptions d'arachnides nouveaux de la famille des Attidae. » Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, ,  (texte intégral).

Liens externes

Notes et références

Salticidae
Espèce d'araignées (nom scientifique)


text:
Azuzu (akad. Azuzu, w transliteracji z pisma klinowego zapisywane a-zu-zu) – wysoki dostojnik za rządów akadyjskiego króla Manisztusu (ok. 2269-2255 p.n.e.), znany z własnej inskrypcji odnalezionej w mieście Aszur.

Azuzu znany jest z własnej inskrypcji wyrytej na miedzianym ostrzu włóczni. Zabytek ten (nr inwent. VA 8300, Ass 21340), mierzący 45,6 x 1,4 cm, odnaleziony został w trakcie prac wykopaliskowych prowadzonych w ruinach staroasyryjskiej świątyni Isztar w Aszur. Inskrypcja na ostrzu upamiętnia przekazanie tego przedmiotu w darze nieznanemu bliżej bogu Be'al-SI.SI:

"Manisztusu, król Kisz; Azuzu, jego sługa, dedykował (ten przedmiot) bogu Be'al-SI.SI" (ma-an-iš-tu-su LUGAL KIŠ a-zu-zu ARAD-su a-na dbe-al-SI.SI A.MU.RU)

W inskrypcji tej Azuzu nie nosi żadnego tytułu, ale nazywa siebie "sługą" akadyjskiego króla Manisztusu. Zdaniem jednych uczonych mógł on być prowincjonalnym gubernatorem Aszur za rządów tego króla, zdaniem innych władcą wasalnym miasta-państwa Aszur podległym temu królowi.

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Grayson A.K., Assyrian Rulers of the Third and Second Millennia BC (to 1115 BC), tom 1 serii The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. Assyrian Periods, University of Toronto Press, 1987.
 Veerhof K.R., Eidem J., Mesopotamia. The Old Assyrian Period, Academic Press Fribourg 2008.

Mezopotamscy dostojnicy


text:
The following is a list of artists who make noise music.

A

Abruptum
Abu Lahab
AIDS Wolf
Maryanne Amacher
Oren Ambarchi
Anenzephalia
George Antheil
John Armleder
Koji Asano
Astro
Kenneth Atchley
Atrax Morgue
Aube
Autopsia
Tzvi Avni
Nigel Ayers

B

Bad Sector
John Balance
Blixa Bargeld
Bastard Noise
Dennis Báthory-Kitsz
Emil Beaulieau
Leila Bela
Philip Best
Joseph Beuys
Maurizio Bianchi
Big City Orchestra
Black Dice
Blackhouse
The Body
Jorge Boehringer
Borbetomagus
Boredoms
Boris Policeband
Matthew Bower
Garry Bradbury
Glenn Branca
Ray Brassier
George Brecht
Brighter Death Now
Bull of Heaven
Bush Tetras

C

C.C.C.C.
Neil Campbell
Caroliner
Kim Cascone
Monte Cazazza
Richard Chartier
Rhys Chatham
Chop Shop
Cisfinitum
Clipping
Club Moral
Cock E.S.P.
Coil
Nicolas Collins
Tony Conrad
Controlled Bleeding
Eric Copeland
Jean-Louis Costes
Clayton Counts
Coup de Grâce
Crack Fierce
Crash Worship
Cromagnon
Robin Crutchfield

D

Walter De Maria
Paul DeMarinis
Fortunato Depero
Poulomi Desai
Andrew Deutsch
Danny Devos
Diesel Guitar
Aaron Dilloway
DNA
Dreamcrusher
The Druds
Kevin Drumm
Jean Dubuffet
Marcel Duchamp
Dumb Numbers
Dumb Type
John Duncan

E

Einstürzende Neubauten
Leif Elggren
Alec Empire
Nic Endo
Esplendor Geométrico
Yamantaka Eye
Bradley Eros

F

Farmers Manual
Florian-Ayala Fauna
Henry Flynt
Ken Friedman
Ben Frost
Full of Hell
Fushitsusha

G

Gen Ken Montgomery
Genocide Organ
The Gerogerigegege
Gnaw Their Tongues
Gore Beyond Necropsy
Government Alpha
Antye Greie
Jeff Greinke
Randy Greif

H

Hafler Trio
Keiji Haino
Hair Police
Halaka
Hammerhead
Hanatarash
Harry Pussy
Russell Haswell
The Haters
Raoul Hausmann
Carl Michael von Hausswolff
Florian Hecker
Erdem Helvacıoğlu
Juan Hidalgo Codorniu
Hijokaidan
Kommissar Hjuler
Cat Hope
Richard Huelsenbeck
Hwyl Nofio

I

If, Bwana
Ryoji Ikeda
Incapacitants
Martín Irigoyen
Manuel Rocha Iturbide

J

David Jackman
Phil Nyokai James
Philip Jeck
Joe Jones
GX Jupitter-Larsen

K

Istvan Kantor
Kapotte Muziek
Thanasis Kaproulias
Zbigniew Karkowski
Lajos Kassák
KK Null
Milan Knížák
Knurl
Ron Kuivila

L

Yuri Landman
Alan Licht
Lil Ugly Mane
Lingua Ignota
Francisco López

M

Yoshio Machida
Angus MacLise
Macronympha
Maeror Tri
Mama Baer
Man Is the Bastard
Christian Marclay
Lasse Marhaug
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti
Mars
Masonna
Stephan Mathieu
Mattin
Mauthausen Orchestra
Daniel Menche
Merzbow
Metal Machine Trio
Metalux
Kenny Millions
Minóy
Monde Bruits
Monotract
Thurston Moore
Morphogenesis
David Moss
MOZ
Muslimgauze

N

Toshimaru Nakamura
Nautical Almanac
Joseph Nechvatal
Neptune
Nickolas Mohanna
Nihilist Spasm Band
Hermann Nitsch
Nocturnal Emissions
Noisegate
Nordvargr
Nurse with Wound

O

Stephen O'Malley
Oneida
Ortiz Morales
Otomo Yoshihide

P

P16.D4
Nam June Paik
Panicsville
Pan Sonic
Steven Parrino
PBK
Pharmakon
Pimmon
Pink and Brown
Franz Pomassl
Portal
Francesco Balilla Pratella
PRE
Premature Ejaculation
Seth Price
Primitive Man
Prurient
Psyclones
Psychic TV
Puce Mary

R

Dick Raaymakers
Ramleh
Richard Ramirez
Lee Ranaldo
Rat at Rat R
Red Square
Lou Reed (Metal Machine Music) (1975)
Peter Rehberg
The Residents
Boyd Rice (NON)
Keith Rowe
Antonio Russolo
Luigi Russolo
Walter Ruttmann
Jessica Rylan

S

Sachiko M
David Schafer
R. Murray Schafer
Marcus Schmickler
Nicolas Schöffer
Severed Heads
Sissy Spacek
Smegma
Michael Snow
Solmania
Spore
SPK
Steven Stapleton
Howard Stelzer
Stendeck
Robin Storey
Stratvm Terror
Suckdog
Szkieve

T

The Tape-beatles
Tarmvred
Terrestrial Tones
Test Dept
J. G. Thirlwell
Larry Thrasher
Throbbing Gristle
Asmus Tietchens
Jean Tinguely
To Live and Shave in L.A.
Yasunao Tone

V

V/Vm
Mika Vainio
Violent Onsen Geisha
Stephen Vitiello
Wolf Vostell

W

Wapstan
John Watermann
Robert Watts
Weena Morloch
Weird Little Boy
John Wiese
Hildegard Westerkamp
Whitehouse
Keith Fullerton Whitman
Oscar Wiggli
Wolf Eyes

X

XBXRX
Xela
Xome

Y

Justice Yeldham
Yellow Swans
Y Pants

Z

Zaj
Z'EV
Pavel Zhagun
Zoviet France
Zweizz

See also

List of industrial music bands
List of Japanoise artists
List of noise rock bands

References

Books

Noise


text:
Alfredo Bruniera (30 September 1906 – 26 March 2000) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who spent his career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.

Biography
Alfredo Bruniera was born in San Pelagio, Italy, on 30 September 1906 and studied at the seminary in Treviso. He was ordained a priest of the Diocese of Treviso by Giacinto Longhin on 9 July 1933. He did parish work until February 1934 when he became secretary to the newly appointed Apostolic Delegate to China Mario Zanin. He later worked in the nunciatures in Chile and Argentina.

On 12 December 1954, Pope Pius XII appointed him a titular archbishop and Apostolic Delegate to the Belgian Congo. He received his episcopal consecration on 2 January 1955 from Cardinal Celso Costantini.

On 25 April 1959, Pope John XXIII named him Apostolic Nuncio to Ecuador.

On 23 October 1965, he was appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Uruguay by Pope Paul VI.

On 23 April 1969, he was appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Lebanon. To that was added the responsibilities of the Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Kuwait on 7 July 1969; he was the first to head that nunciature. He was replaced in Kuwait by Jean Rupp on 4 March 1975.

His service as nuncio ended when he was appointed Vice President of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum by Pope John Paul II on 6 November 1978. He retired from the Council upon the appointment of his successor, , on 10 December 1981.

He died on 26 March 2000.

References

External links
Catholic Hierarchy: Archbishop Alfredo Bruniera

1906 births
2000 deaths
Apostolic Nuncios to the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Apostolic Nuncios to Ecuador
Apostolic Nuncios to Uruguay
Apostolic Nuncios to Lebanon
Apostolic Nuncios to Kuwait
People from Duino-Aurisina


text:
Il Palazzo Scaglia di Verrua è un palazzo storico di Torino, ubicato a pochi passi da via Garibaldi.

È considerato di grande valore documentario, perché è uno dei pochi esempi di palazzo cinquecentesco a non essere stato interessato da rimaneggiamenti di epoca barocca, mantenendo l'aspetto rinascimentale originario. È considerato una delle due sole testimonianze di architettura rinascimentale della città, insieme al Duomo.

Storia
Realizzato tra il 1585 e il 1604 su commissione dell'abate Filiberto Scaglia di Verrua, divenne in seguito proprietà di Giacomo Solaro che operò ampliamenti e, nel 1603, commissionò gli affreschi della facciata e della corte interna all'artista bresciano Antonio Parentani. In seguito divenne residenza della nobile famiglia San Martino della Motta. Nel XVIII secolo venne infine acquistato dalla famiglia Balbo Bertone di Sambuy. Fu anche residenza di Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes. Nell'ottocento divenne dimora di alcune rappresentazioni diplomatiche, prima quella spagnola, e poi dal 1 novembre 1861, quella dell'Impero Russo.

Caratteristiche
L'edificio sorge all'interno dell'antica planimetria romana della città, nell'isolato (carignone) denominato "Isola di Sant'Alessio". La facciata esterna, unica nel suo genere in città, presenta un tema di affreschi a opera di Antonio Parentani, databili 1603. Il grande stemma dei conti Scaglia di Verrua presente sul portone d'ingresso è inserito nelle altre decorazioni raffiguranti paesaggi, allegorie e divinità, incorniciate da motivi architettonici che caratterizzano la facciata tipicamente rinascimentale, di cui Palazzo Scaglia di Verrua è l'unico esempio rimasto a Torino. Degna di nota è l'ampia corte interna, anch'essa caratterizzata da motivi architettonici rinascimentali e attribuibile ai maestri lombardi.

Qui, come a Genova, la pratica di rivestire con affreschi i palazzi ricavati da progressive estensioni era l'unica possibile. Questa situazione nasce a causa delle rapide trasformazioni dell'edilizia storica dovute alla crescita demografica e alla comparsa di una casta di patrizi ricchi cui spettava ostentare il proprio benessere con ampliamenti delle case in cui abitavano e con operazioni urbanistiche di largo respiro. A questi interventi si deve forse la scarsità di resti di costruzioni cinquecentesche affrescate, come nel Palazzo Scaglia di Verrua, incalzate dalle sistemazioni edilizie e urbanistiche con le quali la città raggiunse un assetto compiuto e particolare.

Note

Bibliografia

Voci correlate
 Ville e palazzi di Torino

Altri progetti

Scaglia di Verrua
Palazzo Scaglia di Verrua
Scaglia


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Frischenmühle (oberfränkisch: Frischnmül) ist ein Gemeindeteil der Großen Kreisstadt Kulmbach im Landkreis Kulmbach (Oberfranken, Bayern).

Geografie
Die Einöde liegt am Roten Main. Eine Gemeindeverbindungsstraße führt nach Windischenhaig (0,8 km südwestlich) bzw. nach Unterzettlitz (0,2 km nordöstlich).

Geschichte
Der Ort wurde 1398 als erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. 1695 besaß sie Friedrich Frisch. 1838 wurde sie erstmals als "Frischmühle" bezeichnet.

Gegen Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts gehörte Frischenmühle zur Realgemeinde Unterzettlitz. Das bayreuthische Stadtvogteiamt Kulmbach übte das Hochgericht aus. Das Kastenamt Kulmbach war Grundherr der Mahlmühle.

Von 1797 bis 1810 unterstand der Ort dem Justiz- und Kammeramt Kulmbach. Mit dem Gemeindeedikt wurde Frischenmühle dem 1811 gebildeten Steuerdistrikt Melkendorf zugewiesen. 1812 kam sie zum Steuerdistrikt und Ruralgemeinde Gößmannsreuth. Mit dem Zweiten Gemeindeedikt (1818) wurde die Gemeinde nach Leuchau umbenannt. Am 1. Juli 1976 wurde Frischenmühle im Zuge der Gebietsreform in Bayern nach Kulmbach eingegliedert.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Frischenmühle ist seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Johannes der Täufer (Hutschdorf) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Ort im Landkreis Kulmbach
Geographie (Kulmbach)
Ersterwähnung 1398
Einzelsiedlung


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Nacionalni park Mesa Verde jedan je od 58 nacionalnih parkova Sjedinjenih Američkih Država, smešten na jugozapadnom delu američke savezne države Kolorada, u okrugu Montezumi, u blizini grada Korteza. Na njegovih 210,9 km², u blizini područja parka poznatog kao "Četiri ugla" (), nalaze se brojne veličanstvene ruševine kuća i sela koje su izgradili pripadnici plemena Pueblo Indijanaca od 6. do 12. veka. Zbog toga je Nacionalni park Mesa Verde upisan na Uneskov spisak mesta Svetske baštine u Americi još 1978. godine.

Istorija

Naseobine u Mesa Verde su delo predaka današnjih Pueblo Indijanaca koje su Navaho indijanci zvali Anasazi, što znači "stari narodi" ili "stari neprijatelji". Oni su veći deo 12. i 13. veka živeli u naseobinama na liticama stena na prostorima današnjeg Novog Meksika, Arizone i jugozapadnog Kolorada. Odabirali su ova mesta zbog zaštite od poluaridne klime sa neredovnim padalinama i velikim temperaturnim razlikama noći i dana. Prva naselja iz 6. veka su bila ukopavana sela na samoj visoravni i u njima su pronađene tkanine od vlakana biljke juke koja je osnovna sirovina za predmete cele Anasazi kulture od 6. do 14. veka. Od 750. do 1100. godine počeli su da stvaraju naselja na liticama klanaca i podzemne zemunice (tzv. kive). Kultura je doživela vrhunac u 12. i 13. veku, a potom je iznenada nestala. Još uvek nije poznat razlog njihovog naglog nestanka, a pretpostavke se kreću od propadanja useva zbog suše, do upada drugih indijanskih plemena sa severa.

Iako su prvi španski istraživači stigli u ovo područje još u 18. veku, po svemu sudeći do pravog otkrića naseobina uklesanih u stene došlo je tek u drugoj polovini 19. veka. Vesti o otkriću ovih naseobina i njihova popularnost su se brzo počeli širiti zahvaljujući rančerima ranča Ričarda Veterila i iskopanjima arheologa Gustafa Nordenskielda. Zbog vandalizma i oštećivanja ovog bogatog istorijskog nalazišta, predsednik Teodor Ruzvelt je, u svrhu zaštite područja, 28. juna 1906. godine potpisao akt o osnivanju nacionalnog parka.

Španski istraživači
Prvi Evropljani koji su stigli do Mesa Verde bili su španski istraživači koji su tražili prolaz od grada Santa Fe do Kalifornije 1760-ih i 1770-ih. Područje su, zbog velikih zaravni prekrivenih zelenilom, nazvali Mesa Verde, što je na španskom značilo Zeleni sto. Tokom svojih putovanja nikad nisu bili dovoljno blizu, niti su bili u mogućnosti da ugledaju drevna kamena sela i naseobine uklesane u stene, pa će oni biti otkriveni tek u sledećem veku.

Prve fotografije
U ovo područje su povremeno dolazili i traperi te tragači za zlatom, od kojih je jedan od tragača zlata Džon Mos 1873. godine objavio prva zapažanja o ovom području. Sledeće godine sa Džonom Mosom je, kroz kanjon Mankos, u podnožje Mesa Verde stigao poznati fotograf Vilijam Henri Džekson koji je izradio prve fotografije tipičnih kamenih nastambina i objavio ih.

Gustaf Nordenskield
Verojatno najvažniji posetilac područja 1891. godine je bio Gustaf Nordenskield, sin finsko-švedskog polarnog istraživača Adolfa Erika Nordenskielda. Po struci mineralog, Gustaf je prikupio zbirku artefakta, označio mesta, opsežno ih fotografirao, skicirao sve lokacije i objedinio svoja zapažanja sa postojećom arheološkom literaturom.

Nakon što je mesna zajednica doznala da Gustaf Nordenskield ima nameru da brodovima artefakte prebaci u muzej na severu Evrope, uhapsili su ga pod optužbom za razaranje ruševina. Čak su kružile glasine o linčovanju, ali je zahvaljujući intervenciji nekolicine vladinih službenika oslobođen optužbi i pušten na slobodu.

Po povratku u Švedsku Nordenskield je 1893. godine objavio prvu naučnu studiju o ruševinama Mesa Verde pod nazivom -{The Cliff Dwellers of the Mesa Verde}- (Stanovnici stenovite Mesa Verde), zahvaljujući kojoj je ovo područje dospelo do šire međunarodne javnosti. Danas je Nordenskieldova zbirka artefakata u finskom Narodnom muzeju najveća izvan Sjedinjenih Američkih Država. Bivši direktor nacionalnog parka Mesa Verde Robert Hejder o Nordenskieldovom doprinosu očuvanju parka je izjavio:

Odlike

Nadmorska visina nacionalnog parka i cele visoravni Mesa Verde (šp. za "Zelena ploča", tj. "zelena visoravan") je u rasponu od oko 1.900 m do 2.600 m. Većim delom parka dominiraju grebeni i doline se grubo pružajući prema severu i jugu. Krajnja tačka parka je 21,2 km daleko od krajnje južne, dok je krajnja zapadna 19,2 km udaljena od krajnje istočne.

Kuće u plitkim pećinama
Građevne strukture Mesa Verde dokaz su akumuliranog znanja i veština koje su se vekovima prenosile generacijama civilizacije Anasazi. Vrhunce svojih dosega ostvarili su u 12. i 13. veku, kada su sagrađene danas najpoznatije građevine na liticama. Zidali su obrađenim peščarom, tvrđim kamenom oblikovanim do veličine vekne hleba. Kao malter između cigli stavljali su glinu razmočenu vodom. Tim su materijalom gradili prostorije veličine do 6 kvadratnih metara. U potkrovljima su skladištili žitarice i druge useve, dok su kive - ceremonijalne prostorije - gradili ispred soba, ali ukopane u zemlju, nešto poput današnjih podruma. Kiva je bila vrhunski dizajnirana prostorija okruglog oblika s prostorom za vatru zimi te s dovodom hladnog vazduha za klimatizaciju leti. U zidane konstrukcije stavljali su i lokalno posečena stabla, što današnjim arheolozima pomaže u preciznom datiranju nastanka pojedine građevine metodom dendrohronologije. Ta stabla pridonose i teoriji o mogućem konačnom slomu ondašnjeg društva. Nakon što su, tokom nekoliko vekova, šume do kraja srušene, a njihova obnova zbog sušne klime traje i po 200 godina, nije proteklo puno vremena do konačnog urušavanja civilizacije. 90% sagrađenih naseobina ispod stena ima do deset prostorija. ⅓ od ukupnog broja sagrađenih kuća ima jednu ili dve kamene prostorije, ali jedna od njih je svakako kiva. Samo četiri najpoznatije naseobine imaju nešto veći broj soba, a to su -{Cliff Palace}- ("Palata litice") broji 150 soba i prostorija za useve, -{Long House}- ("Duga kuća") broji jednak broj soba, -{Spruce Tree House}- ("Kuća smrekovine") sa 130 soba i -{Balcony House}- ("Kuća balkona") sa 45 soba i 2 kive.

Najslavnija zdanja nacionalnog parka Mesa Verde su:
 "Palata litice" (-{Cliff Pallace}-) je najpoznatija i najveća nastambina u kojoj se nalazi 150 soba, 23 prostorije namenjene verskim ritualima te brojni prolazi i tuneli. Mnoge prostorije su imale šarene zidne slike.
 "Duga kuća" (-{Long House}-) je drugo zdanje po veličini u kojem je živelo oko 150 porodica u nestabilnim sobama koje su se mogle proširiti rušenjem jednog od zidova. Nalazi se u prostoru -{Wetherill Mesa}-, u blizini potoka do kojega su vodile vijugave uklesane stepenice.
 "Kuća vrč" (-{Mug House}-) je još jedna ruševina na prostoru -{Wetherill Mesa}- koju je iskopao arheolog Artur Ron 1960-ih. Zdanje ima 94 sobe na četiri nivoa, uključujući i veliku prostoriju za verske obrede.
 "Kuća smrekovine" (-{Spruce Tree House}-) se nalazi na predelu -{Chapin Mesa}-. Ova nastambina je lako dostupna i dobro očuvana, a u njenom sastavu je prostorija za verske obrede sa obnovljenim krovom. Iskapanja su ukazala da je ova nastambina, kao i mnoge druge u Mesa Verdeu, verojatno bila nastanjena manje od sto godina.
 "Kuća kvadratičnog tornja" (-{Square Tower House}-) je nazvana je po svom visokom tornju, koji je najviša građevina u Mesa Verdeu. Bila je nastanjena između 1200. i 1300. godine.
 "Kuća balkona" (-{Balcony House}-) nema spoljašnjih delova osim balkona 45 soba i 2 kive, do kojih se dolazi 11 m visokim stepeništem i puzanjem kroz 6 m dug tunel. Prema nekim zapisima ovu je nastambinu 1884. otkrio kopač S. E. Osborn, a 1910. godine ju je iskopao Džesi Nusbaum.

Reference

Literatura

Spoljašnje veze

 -{Interactive map of Mesa Verde National Park}-
 -{Interactive map of the National Park System}-
 -{Mesa Verde National Park (UNESCO World Heritage Centre)}-
 -{Mesa Verde Digital Media Archive (Creative Commons-licensed photos, laser scans, panoramas), data on Spruce Tree House, Fire Temple, and Square Tower House from a National Park Service/CyArk research partnership}-

Национални паркови САД
Колорадо


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The Battle of Cresson was a small battle between Frankish and Ayyubid forces on 1 May 1187 at the "Spring of the Cresson." While the exact location of the spring is unknown, it is located in the environs of Nazareth. The conflict was a prelude to decisive defeat of the Kingdom of Jerusalem at the Battle of Hattin two months later.

Location
The exact location of the spring is still disputed. Primary sources place the spring near Nazareth. Israeli archaeologist Rafi (Rafael Y.) Lewis believes the springs of Cresson may be near the springs of Sepphoris, due to a 2021 discovery of Frankish arrowheads near the site. British archaeologist Denys Pringle suggests that the spring may refer to 'Ain ad-Daya: a spring that is closer to the Nazareth-Tiberias road, approximately four kilometres west of Kafr Sabt.

Background
Dynastic instability and internal divisions permeated the Kingdom of Jerusalem in the years leading up to and after the death of Baldwin IV. Baldwin, who suffered from leprosy, had appointed various executive regents during his reign (Reynald of Chatillon in 1177; Guy of Lusignan in 1183) to lead the Frankish armies in his stead. When Baldwin's health degenerated again in early 1185, he appointed Count Raymond III of Tripoli as regent. Raymond accepted on condition that all members of the High Court swore that in case both king and heir died, the succession would be decided by an arbitration by the Pope, The Holy Roman Emperor, the King of France and the King of England. When Baldwin IV died in 1185, followed by his nephew Baldwin V in 1186, there was a succession crisis. The party of Sybilla got control of the capital and crowned her, ignoring the oath swore before Raymond's regency. To appease the barons willing to support her but not her husband Guy, she accepted to divorce him under the condition to be free to choose her next husband. Then, in an unpopular move, Sibylla crowned Guy as king rather than divorcing him.  Presented with the fait accompli of the coronation, all barons submitted but for Baldwin of Ramla and Raymond, who refused to swear fealty to Guy.
Baldwin of Ramla abdicated his fief for his minor son, and went voluntary in exile, rather than swear fealty to Guy of Lusignan; Raymond retreated to his fief of Tiberias and asked Saladin to provide Muslim troops against a possible attack by the King he refused to recognize.

Saladin, meanwhile, had been consolidating power during the reign of Baldwin IV. His successful campaigns in Mosul, Aleppo, and Egypt resulted in his sultanate being recognized by the Abbasid caliphate. Saladin returned to Damascus following Mosul's fall, having now placed the empire of Nur ad-Din under his uneasy control. In 1185, Saladin had signed a truce treaty with the Franks under then-regent Raymond; however, before the treaty expiration, Reynald captured a caravan of Muslims traveling from Cairo to Damascus that winter  When Saladin demanded reparation, King Guy tried to make Reynald to, but he refused the King's request claiming he was absolute sovereign of his lands and he had no truce with Saladin.  In response, Saladin launched an offensive against Reynald's castle at Kerak in 1187, leaving his son al Melik al-Afdal as commander of a contingency at Re'sulma.

In response to the encroaching threat, Guy assembled the High Court in Jerusalem. A delegation of Gerard of Ridefort, master of the Knights Templar; Roger de Moulins, master of the Knights Hospitaller; Balian of Ibelin, Josicus, Archbishop of Tyre; and Reginal Grenier, lord of Sidon, were selected to journey to Tiberias to make peace with Raymond. Meanwhile, al-Afdal gathered a raiding party to pillage the land surrounding Acre, while Saladin besieged Kerak. al-Afdal dispatched Muzzafar ad-Din Gökböri, Emir of Edessa, to lead this expedition, accompanied by two ranking emirs, Qaymaz al-Najami and Dildirim al-Yarugi. Knowing that his troops were poised to enter Raymond's territory, Saladin agreed that the raiding party would only pass-through Galilee en route to Acre, leaving Raymond's lands untouched. In Frankish sources, this raiding party consisted of approximately 7000 men; however, modern historians believe 700 men is more accurate.

The Battle
On 30 April, the Ayyubid raiding party passed through Raymond's territory unimpeded, before making their way west towards Nazareth.  On the same day, both Gerard and Roger arrived at the Templar castle of La Fève near Nazareth. Balian stopped at his fief of Nablus, and Reginald took an alternate route. The De expugnatione Terrae Sanctae libellus (hereafter "the Libellus"), a contemporary Latin chronicle, states that watchmen in Nazareth alerted Gerard and Roger of the Ayyubid raiders. The Lyon Eracles, a Middle French chronicle written by Balian's squire Ernoul, redeems Raymond – saying he had warned them about the raid. Nazareth, falling outside of Raymond's control, was not privy to Raymond's agreement with Saladin. Gerard and Roger assembled a small army consisting of the knights in Nazareth and the Templar garrisons from Qaqun and al-Fulah to meet the Ayyubid threat. This force numbered about 130 knights, an unknown number of turcopoles and sergeants, and up to 400 infantry.

On the morning of 1 May, the Frankish army rode east from Nazareth and happened upon the Ayyubid raiding party at the springs of Cresson. The Frankish cavalry launched an initial offensive, catching the Ayyubid forces off guard. However, this separated the Frankish cavalry from the infantry. According to Ali ibn al-Althir, the ensuing melee was equally matched; however, the Ayyubid forces succeeded in routing the divided Frankish army. Only Gerard and a handful of knights escaped death, and the Ayyubids took an unknown number of captives. Gokbori's troops proceeded to pillage the surrounding area before returning across Raymond's territory.

Aftermath
Balian was still a day behind Gerard and Roger, and had stopped at Sebastea to attend the May Day Mass. After reaching the castle of La Fève, where the Templars and Hospitallers had camped, he found the place deserted. Balian sent his squire Ernoul ahead to learn what had happened, with news of the disastrous battle discouraging the Frankish forces.

Both Ayyubid and Frankish chroniclers record an overwhelmingly negative Frankish attitude towards Raymond following the battle. Raymond's truce with Saladin was viewed as both a political and religious betrayal. As a result of this backlash, Raymond severed his diplomatic ties to Saladin and returned to Jerusalem with the remaining envoys to pledge his support for Guy. Although the battle reconciled the factions within the Frankish nobility, this political unity cost the Franks a number of influential knights: the Hospitaller Master Roger of Moulins, the Templar Marshal Robert Fraisnel, the Templar Jacquelin of Maillé, and plausibly the Templar Seneschal Urs of Alneto. The Libellus also praises the valor of two fallen Frankish knights: a Templar named Jakelin de Mailey and a Hospitaller named Henry.

Raymond's reversal prompted Saladin to abandon his siege of Kerak. On 27 May, he joined his forces with al-Afdal's and Goborki at Ashtera in southern Syria. With a combined force of approximately 20,000 men, Saladin crossed the Jordan River on 26 June. Four days later he besieged Tiberias. This prompted Guy, Raymond, and Reynald to march north to relieve the city. The Frankish forces were defeated at the Battle of Hattin on 4 July. By October 1187, Saladin had captured Jerusalem.

Historiographical Considerations
The Battle of Cresson is found in contemporary chronicles; however, these accounts differ considerably and have yet to be fully reconciled by historians. The Libellus gives a circumstantial account of the battle. However, the Latin Itinerarium is generally preferred by historians given its contemporaneity with battle itself.

The Old French Continuation of William of Tyre (dated from the 1230s in its present form) includes an account by Balian's squire Ernoul. Ernoul was not present at the battle but recorded the aftermath of the battle several years later. A late thirteenth-century copy of his account, the Lyon Eracles, blamed Gerard for the Frankish defeat. Current scholarship has redeemed Gerard, believing that the negative account reflected contemporary mistrust of the Templars and was not indicative of Gerard's prowess at Cresson.

The chronicle of ibn Al-Athir contains an account of the battle which largely agrees with the Latin sources. The main difference between the two narratives concerns the size of the Ayyubid forces. Ibn Al-Athir describes the battle as a much smaller skirmish than the Latin accounts. Counter to these narratives, Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad's biography of Saladin reports that Gökböri was in Aleppo in the months preceding Hattin and does not mention his involvement in Cresson.

For succession of related campaigns see also
 1177: Battle of Montgisard
 1179: Battle of Marj Ayyun
 1179: Battle of Jacob's Ford
 1182: Battle of Belvoir Castle
 1183: Battle of Al-Fule
 1187: Battle of Hattin

References

Bibliography
Primary Sources
 Ali ibn al-Athir, The Chronicle of Ibn Al-Athīr for the Crusading Period from Al-Kāmil Fī'l-ta'rīkh: The years 541-589. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 2007.
 Brewer, Keagan, and James Kane. The Conquest of the Holy Land by Ṣalāḥ Al-Dīn: A Critical Edition and Translation of the Anonymous Libellus De Expugnatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum. London, United Kingdom: Routledge, 2020.
 Chronicle of the Third Crusade, a Translation of Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi, translated by Helen J. Nicholson. Ashgate, 1997.
 De Expugnatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum, translated by James A. Brundage, in The Crusades: A Documentary Survey. Marquette University Press, 1962.

Secondary Sources
 Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad, The Life of Saladin. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund, 1897.

 Edbury, Peter W. The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade: Sources in Translation. Ashgate, 1996.
 Hamilton, Bernard. The Leper King and his Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
 Kenneth Setton, ed., A History of the Crusades. Madison, 1969–1989 (available online).
 Morton, Nicholas. The Crusader States and their Neighbors: A Military History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020.
 Nicholson, H. and Nicolle, D. God's Warriors: Knights Templar, Saracens and the Battle for Jerusalem. Osprey Publishing, 2006.
 Denys Pringle, The Spring of Cresson in Crusading History.  In Balard, Michel, et al., editors. Die gesta per Francos: Etudes sur les croisades dédiées à Jean Richard.  Routledge, 2001.
 Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades, vol. II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge University Press, 1952.
 Şeşen, R. (2009). Selahadin-i Eyyubi. In TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (Vol. 36, pp. 337–340). TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi.

Cresson
Battles involving the Ayyubids
Conflicts in 1187
1187 in Asia
Cresson
Cresson
Principality of Galilee
1180s in the Kingdom of Jerusalem


text:
Umami steht für:

 Umami – Geschmacksrichtung
 Shibumi/Umami – süße Geschmacksqualität bei Grüntee


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Brandon Tyler McManus (born July 25, 1991) is an American football placekicker for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He was a member of their Super Bowl 50 championship team, beating the Carolina Panthers, and as of 2022, the last remaining member of the Super Bowl team on the Broncos' roster. He played college football at Temple and was signed by the Indianapolis Colts as an undrafted free agent in 2013. McManus has also been a member of the New York Giants.

College career
McManus holds the Temple career records for points scored (338), field goals made (60), field goals attempted (83), and punting average (45.3). As a senior in 2012, he earned All-Big East first-team honors after leading the team in scoring (74) on 14-of-17 field goals and 32-of-33 extra points. He averaged 45.1 yards per punt, pinned 17 punts inside the 20-yard line and had a long kick of 68 yards. McManus handled kickoff duties as well and recorded 40 touchbacks on 56 total kickoffs.

Professional career
After going undrafted in the 2013 NFL Draft, McManus signed with the Indianapolis Colts before being waived prior to the start of the season. In 2014, he played four preseason games for the New York Giants before being traded to the Denver Broncos to cover for the loss of the Broncos' starting kicker Matt Prater, who began the 2014 NFL season serving a four-game suspension. He became their starting kicker following the release of Prater on October 3, 2014. McManus was waived by the Broncos on November 11, 2014 after the team decided to sign free agent Connor Barth as his replacement. He was quickly re-signed by the Broncos after clearing waivers and spent the rest of the season as the team's kickoff specialist.

Going into the 2015 season, the Broncos brought both Barth and McManus to training camp. McManus won the job, proving more consistent than he had been in 2014, and the Broncos cut Barth.  On September 13, 2015, he became the third kicker in NFL history to make multiple field goals of 56 or more yards in the same game, joining Sebastian Janikowski and Greg Zuerlein, who both achieved the feat in the 2012 season. On October 18, McManus made the game winning overtime field goal to propel the Broncos to a 26–23 overtime win over the Cleveland Browns. In the Divisional Round of the playoffs, McManus tied an NFL-postseason record by making five field goals in a 23–16 victory over the Steelers at Sports Authority Field at Mile High. After defeating the New England Patriots in the AFC Championship, McManus and the Broncos advanced to the Super Bowl. In Super Bowl 50, he played a crucial role by making three field goals on three attempts and an extra point in the 24–10 victory over the Carolina Panthers. His 10 post-season field goals that year was also a Broncos franchise record.

On March 7, 2017, the Broncos placed a second round restricted free agent tender on McManus. On September 11, 2017, McManus signed a three-year contract extension with the Broncos.

On September 11, 2020, McManus signed a four-year, $17.2 million contract extension with the Broncos through the 2024 season. In Week 4 against the New York Jets, McManus hit a 53-yard field goal that stood as the game-winner in the 37-28 win, earning AFC Special Teams Player of the Week. In Week 6 against the New England Patriots, McManus scored all 18 of his team's points, converting 6 field goals during the 18–12 win.  McManus was named the AFC Special Teams of the Week for his performance in Week 6. He was placed on the reserve/COVID-19 list by the team on December 14, 2020, and activated on December 23.

In Week 14 of the 2021 season, McManus converted all five extra points and a 52-yard field goal in a 38-10 win over the Detroit Lions, earning AFC Special Teams Player of the Week.

In Week 17 of the 2021-2022 season, McManus kicked a career-long 61-yard field goal against the Los Angeles Chargers at the end of the first half.

NFL career statistics

|-
! style="text-align:center;"| 2014
! style="text-align:center;"| DEN
| 15 || 9 || 13 || 69.2 || 0 || 44 || 41 || 41 || 100.0 || 91 || 65.7 || 64 || 68
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| 2015
! style="text-align:center;background:#afe6ba;"| DEN
| 16 || 30 || 35 || 85.7 || 0 || 57 || 35 || 36 || 97.2 || 81 || 62.3 || 55 || 125
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| 2016
! style="text-align:center;"| DEN
| 16 || 29 || 34 || 85.3 || 0 || 55 || 32 || 33 || 97.0 || 79 || 61.6 || 51 || 119
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| 2017
! style="text-align:center;"| DEN
| 16 || 24 || 32 || 75.0 || 2 || 53 || 27 || 27 || 100.0 || 71 || 59.0 || 45 || 99
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| 2018
! style="text-align:center;"| DEN
| 16 || 20 || 25 || 80.0 || 0 || 53 || 35 || 35 || 100.0 || 73 || 61.3 || 42 || 95
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| 2019
! style="text-align:center;"| DEN
| 16 || 29 || 34 || 85.3 || 0 || 53 || 25 || 26 || 96.2 || 72 || 64.4 || 55 || 112
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| 2020
! style="text-align:center;"| DEN
| 15 || 28 || 34 || 82.4 || 2 || 58 || 24 || 27 || 88.9 || 73 || 61.9 || 54 || 108
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| 2021
! style="text-align:center;"| DEN
| 17 || 26 || 31 || 83.9 || 1 || 61 || 33 || 34 || 97.1 || 78 || 63.8 || 62 || 111
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| 2022
! style="text-align:center;"| DEN
| 17 || 28 || 36 || 77.8 || 2 || 55 || 25 || 27 || 92.6 || 73 || 62.7 || 51 || 109
|-
! colspan="2" | Total || 144 || 223 || 274 || 81.4 || 7 || 61 || 277 || 286 || 96.9 || 691 || 62.6 || 479 || 946
|}

References

External links
 Denver Broncos bio
 Temple Owls bio

1991 births
Living people
Players of American football from Philadelphia
American football placekickers
Temple Owls football players
Indianapolis Colts players
New York Giants players
Denver Broncos players


text:
Walensee (fr. Lac de Walenstadt, romansz Lai Rivaun) – jezioro we wschodniej Szwajcarii, na granicy kantonów Sankt Gallen i Glarus. Wzdłuż północnego brzegu jeziora rozciąga się pasmo górskie Churfirsten. Głównymi miejscowościami położonymi nad Walensee są Walenstadt oraz Weesen.

Na wschodzie jezioro zasilane jest przez rzekę Seez. Na zachodzie do Walensee kanałem Escherkanal trafiają wody rzeki Linth, wypływające znajdującym się również na zachodzie kanałem Linthkanal.

Południowym brzegiem jeziora przebiega autostrada A3.

Bibliografia

Jeziora w Szwajcarii
Glarus (kanton)
St. Gallen (kanton)