text:
Woodlawn High School, later known as Woodlawn School, was a public secondary school located in Carroll County, Virginia, at Woodlawn, Virginia. The school served students in all grades, one through twelve, for much of its history. The last academic year as a high school was 1968-1969. One hundred and four seniors graduated in the final class of 1969. The following year all tenth, eleventh and twelfth grade students became part of the new Carroll County High School (Virginia). After 136 years of service the Carroll County School Board voted to close the school in 2013. The school was repurposed and refurbished as "Woodlawn School Apartments"

History
The school was founded in 1878 by Isaac A. Minor as a private school called the Woodlawn Male and Female Academy. In 1898 the name was changed to the Woodlawn Normal Institute and later to Woodlawn High School in 1907. It became the first public high school in Carroll County and was among the earliest in the state of Virginia.

Early years

Woodlawn Male and Female Academy was a boarding school attracting students from several nearby counties and states.  While most out-of-state students were from North Carolina, one student was known to attend the school from as far away as California. There were 123 students enrolled with 25 teachers on staff in 1898. A dormitory was constructed on campus to house students but was destroyed by fire in 1903.

A new three story dormitory followed in 1904 with a cafeteria, parlor, music room and rooms for boarders. At one time it also contained one of the first circulating school libraries in Virginia. This building was later used by the high school for a cafeteria, supply store and extra classrooms until it too was destroyed by fire on January 27, 1960.

The Virginia General Assembly doubled the state's education budget in 1906 and passed the Mann High School Bill. This bill, named after Senator William Hodges Mann of Nottoway County, obligated the state to pay matching funds to any district that built a high school. Over the next four years, Virginia school districts constructed 285 new high schools including Woodlawn.

The honorable Claude A. Swanson was governor of Virginia in 1906 when money was appropriated to establish a public high school at Woodlawn. The school also received additional funds to provide teacher training in conjunction with the high school. This was before the establishment of Radford State Teachers College (Radford University), hence there were no institutions for teacher training in this section of Virginia at that time.

Construction of the high school's early, main academic building began in 1907 on twelve acres of land. Members of the Woodlawn community raised the needed funds for the project themselves without government assistance. The building opened to students on January 19, 1909. Two additional classrooms and an auditorium were added to the building in the 1930s. Four additional classrooms were added to house elementary grades in the early 1950s.

First vocational agriculture classes in the United States
Woodlawn High School became the first public secondary school in the United States to offer vocational agricultural education classes under the Smith-Hughes Act. J. Lee Cox, superintendent of Carroll County Schools at the time, 1917, is given much credit for seeing the need for vocational agriculture classes. He went to the state capitol and persuaded the governor, Henry Carter Stuart, to let him develop the classes at Woodlawn. Fred R. Kirby, the first teacher of agriculture at the school, was named Master Teacher of the South in 1933. Kirby's successor, W.L. Creasy, was also named Master Teacher of the South in 1936.

The agricultural classes greatly benefited the rural farming areas around Woodlawn. They offered students instruction in many areas including: farm administration, crop cultivation, crop fertilization, erosion control, livestock care, forestry, building maintenance and building construction. Noted accomplishments of the classes included: higher yields on area farms, greater crop diversity, substantial investment in dairy and beef production, the introduction of permanent pastures, use of strip cropping to increase crop yield and decrease soil erosion. The classes also aided in the establishment of a Carnation Milk plant in nearby Galax, Virginia to support area dairy farms. Most importantly, the classes increased interest in school among young boys versus quitting school early.

Home economics was added to the curriculum in 1916. A cottage was built on campus in 1924 to house this department. In 1962, the home economics department was moved to a new high school building and the cottage became the home of the high school band. It was renovated again in 1975 and served for many years as the Carroll County Adult Education Center.

Construction of a new, modern high school building was begun in the summer of 1961. The building included many new classrooms, science labs, a home economics department, library, cafeteria, a business department and administrative offices. The building opened for the 1962-1963 academic year on what had been the footprint of the 1904 dormitory. That same year brought additional students, additional faculty members, an elementary/secondary band program and an expanded curriculum offering students more course choices.

Consolidation into  Carroll County High School
The last year for Woodlawn High School was 1968-1969 with consolidation into Carroll County High School (Virginia) located just outside the town limits of Hillsville, Virginia. The school became an intermediate school for grades K-9 beginning with the 1969-70 academic year.

Kylene Barker, Miss Virginia 1978 and Miss America 1979, attended the school in the early 1970s.
She became the first Miss Virginia to win the Miss America title.

In 1974 the school's entire physical plant was renovated. A new gymnasium, library, band room, music room, art department, vocational agriculture department, career development center and additional classrooms were added. The cafeteria was enlarged and administrative offices were expanded.

The school became a K-7 school in 1993 with the moving of eighth and ninth grade students to Carroll County Intermediate School in Hillsville, Virginia. In 2005, grade K-5 students were moved to new, expanded county elementary schools, creating Woodlawn Middle School housing grades six and seven only. Woodlawn Middle School was officially closed in June, 2013. Beginning with the 2013-2014 academic year, students attended the newly formed Carroll County Middle School Hillsville, Virginia.

After the school's closing
In July 2018, a Winston-Salem, N.C.-based real estate development and property management firm (Landmark), entered into an agreement with the Carroll County Industrial Development Authority (IDA) to refurbish and repurpose Woodlawn School. The approximate $9.8 million project will convert the building to 51 affordable one, two and three-bedroom apartments. The project will also feature amenities such as a park, walking trail and children's recreation facilities.

In September 2018, the school was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources. This is the state's official list of important historic sites, it was created in 1966.  On January 17, 2019, Woodlawn School was added to the National Register of Historic Places. This is the official list of historic buildings, districts, sites, structures, and objects worthy of preservation in the United States of America. It was established as part of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 and is overseen by the National Park Service.

Community
The area of present day Woodlawn, located in Virginia's Blue Ridge Mountains, began as a land grant to James Wood of Frederick County, Virginia in 1756. His son, James Wood, served as governor of Virginia from 1796-1799.

The Treaty of Lochaber, between British representative John Stuart (loyalist) and the Cherokee, made the land available for settlement about 1770. The original James Wood willed the land to his wife Mary who willed it to her grandsons. It is thought that none of the Wood family ever lived in Woodlawn.

In the later years students at Woodlawn High School came from five main feeder schools—from the west they came from Gladeville Elementary and from the southwest Oakland Elementary. Both schools were located near Galax, Virginia. Students also came from Woodlawn Elementary, Vaughn Elementary near Fries, Virginia and from Laurel Elementary to the north.

Staff
Professor George Ivy served as principal of the Woodlawn Male and Female Academy. Everett E. Worrell was the first principal of the Normal School, followed by F. H. Combs and C.C. Carr.

E.J. Cooley served as the first principal of Woodlawn High School. In 1906, the Virginia General Assembly passed the Mann High School Act establishing the first high schools in the state. WHS principals following Cooley were: S.A. McDonald, Zelma Kyle, B.M. Cox, B. M Wright, P.W. Jones, Foy E. DeHaven, R. S. Gardner, Paul Cox, James Combs and F. S. DeVault.

Zelma Kyle served as president of the Virginia Education Association from 1946-1948. He also served as the assistant supervisor of secondary education for the Virginia Department of Education from 1946 until his retirement in 1963.

First Senior Trip
The first full four-year graduates of WHS received their diplomas in June 1910. Fourteen students walked across the stage at that ceremony. After graduation, class members, several faculty members and administrators boarded a chartered coach on the Norfolk and Western railroad for a tour of Virginia. Stops included Roanoke,  Lynchburg, Richmond and Norfolk. From Norfolk they sailed the Chesapeake Bay to Baltimore then traveled to Washington, D.C., touring the city for several days. The group returned by way of Monticello and the University of Virginia. The entire trip took fifteen days.

Band
The Woodlawn High School Marching Raiders Band was founded in 1962. The band performed in numerous area and national parades, at special events, concerts, festivals, state and regional competitions, WHS football games and band days at Virginia Tech and the University of Virginia. Each school year was capped off with the band's year end celebration—a picnic along with time for fun and games at Cumberland Knob Park on the Blue Ridge Parkway.

Jerry Liles served as the high school's first and only full-time band director. He continued at the intermediate school after the high school was consolidated into Carroll County High School (Virginia).

Athletics
Woodlawn Male and Female Academy had a well rounded athletic program including baseball, football, tennis and track. Football was later dropped as a sport but returned in the fall of 1967. As a high school, Woodlawn produced some outstanding basketball teams during the mid-to-late 1960s but it was baseball that became the Raiders most prominent sport.

Former WHS baseball player, Yancey Wyatt Doc Ayers went on to become a successful major league baseball pitcher for the Washington Senators and Detroit Tigers. He gained the nickname "Doc" after he enrolled in the Medical College of Virginia, now the medical campus of Virginia Commonwealth University, in Richmond. While at MCV, he bought a book on pitching. He was a catcher at WHS but when the call came for college baseball tryouts he reported as a pitcher.

In 1964 the school's baseball team began a streak of forty-one consecutive victories stretching into the 1967 season. During this streak on April 21, 1966, pitcher Harry Isom recorded a seven inning (standard for high school) perfect game. Isom not only pitched a perfect game but also struck out all twenty-one batters he faced.  As of April 2016, the feat had never been duplicated in 100 years of Virginia High School League (VHSL) baseball.  The story was picked up by the Associated Press and sent to newspapers and other media outlets across the country.

References

External links
Carroll County, Virginia Digital History, copies of WHS yearbooks, newspapers
Carroll County, Virginia, Historical Society
Carroll County, Virginia, Public Schools
Doc Ayers' Major League pitching stats -- Baseball Reference
Virginia Department of Historic Resources
Woodlawn Middle School, History of Woodlawn Middle School
 Woodlawn School Historic Marker
Woodlawn School - Virginia Department of Historic Resources

Schools in Carroll County, Virginia
Defunct schools in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Carroll County, Virginia
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Buildings and structures in Carroll County, Virginia
1878 establishments in Virginia


text:
Switzerland competed at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France.

Medalists

Alpine skiing

Men

Men's slalom

Women

Bobsleigh

Cross-country skiing

Men

Men's 4 × 10 km relay

Figure skating

Women

Nordic combined

Events:
 normal hill ski jumping (Three jumps, best two counted and shown here.)
 15 km cross-country skiing

Ski jumping

Speed skating

Men

References
Official Olympic Reports
International Olympic Committee results database
 Olympic Winter Games 1968, full results by sports-reference.com

Nations at the 1968 Winter Olympics
1968
1968 in Swiss sport

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Gerhard von Lohn (* im 13. Jahrhundert; † 25. November 1300) war Domdechant in Münster.

Leben
Gerhard von Lohn entstammte dem Geschlecht der Edelherren von Lohn, deren Herrschaftsbereich sich bis zu ihrem Untergang im Jahre 1316 über das Westmünsterland und Teile der Region Achterhoek in der Provinz Gelderland erstreckte. Seine Abstammung ist nicht überliefert.
Erstmalige urkundliche Erwähnung findet er als Besitzer der Obedienz Blasii. 1297 wurde der Domherr Gerhard zum Domdechanten ernannt. In dieser Funktion oblag ihm die Leitung des Domkapitels, die er bis wenige Monate vor seinem Tode innehatte. Gerhard war zugleich Archidiakon zu Varsseveld und Greven.

Quellen
 Das Bistum Münster 4,2. (Germania Sacra NF 17.2) Das Domstift St. Paulus zu Münster, bearbeitet von Wilhelm Kohl, herausgegeben vom Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte, Göttingen, Verlag: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/New York, ISBN 978-3-11-008508-2, Germania Sacra NF 17,2 Biografien der Domherren Seite 19ff. Digitalisat.

Weblinks
 Gerhard von Lohn Eintrag bei Germania Sacra
 Von Lohn Eintrag bei Germania Sacra

Familienmitglied des Adelsgeschlechts Lohn
Domherr (Münster)
Domdechant (Münster)
Deutscher
Geboren im 13. Jahrhundert
Gestorben 1300
Mann
Domherr (13. Jahrhundert)


text:
Rhee est un hameau situé dans la commune néerlandaise d'Assen, dans la province de Drenthe.

Assen
Localité dans la province de Drenthe


text:
.pk — в Інтернеті, національний домен верхнього рівня (ccTLD) для Пакистану.

Домени 2-го та 3-го рівнів

В цьому національному домені нараховується близько 2,930,000 вебсторінок (станом на січень 2007 року).

У наш час використовуються та приймають реєстрації доменів 3-го рівня такі доменні суфікси (відповідно, існують такі домени 2-го рівня):

Посилання
 Відомості whois для домену .pk  на сайті IANA

Статті, створені з використанням пошукових систем
Національні домени верхнього рівня


text:
The Space Report: The Authoritative Guide to Global Space Activity is published annually by the Space Foundation. The Space Report is the definitive overview of the global space industry and serves as a valuable resource for government and business leaders, educators, financial analysts, students, and space-relatedbusinesses.

Following are major findings from the 2013 issue.

The global space economy grew to $304.31 billion in commercial revenue and government budgets in 2012, reflecting growth of 6.7 percent from the 2011 total of $285.33 billion. Commercial activity - space products and services and commercial infrastructure - drove much of this increase. From 2007 through 2012, the total has grown by 37 percent.

Commercial space products and services revenue increased 6.5 percent since 2011, and commercial infrastructure and support industries increased by 11 percent.

Government spending increased by 1.3 percent in 2012, although changes varied significantly from country to country, with India, Russia and Brazil increasing budgets by more than 20 percent, while other nations, including several in Europe, experienced declines of 25 percent or more.

78 launch attempts took place in 2012, a drop of 7.1 percent from the 84 launches in 2011 (but higher than the 2010 total of 74). Russia led with 24 launches, China had 19 launches and the United States totaled 13 launches. For the second year running, the Chinese launch rate was greater than that of the United States. The United States led in terms of launch vehicle diversity, however, with ten types of orbital rockets launched in 2012.

According to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data, the size of the U.S. space workforce declined for the fifth year in a row, dropping 3.8 percent, from 252,315 in 2010 to 242,724 in 2011 (the most recent full year for which data is available) - a decrease of about 9,500 workers. However, the changes varied by sector, with some portions of the space industry growing while others contracted. The United States' National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s civil servant workforce decreased from 18,709 in fiscal year (FY) 2012 to 18,167 in FY 2013, a drop of 2.9 percent. However, there is evidence that the employment situation in areas with significant Space Shuttle-related layoffs, including Florida, is beginning to improve.

Both Europe and Japan saw increases in space workforces; the European industry workforce showed very modest growth in 2011; in Japan, the overall workforce grew by 7.5 percent, while employment at the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Japan's government space agency, dropped.

The Space Foundation Index

As of December 2012, the Space Foundation Index was 40.95 percent above its value at inception in June 2005. The Space Foundation Index and Space Foundation Services Index both outperformed the S&P 500 and the NASDAQ during 2012, while the Space Foundation Infrastructure Index did not perform as well as the NASDAQ, but slightly better than the S&P 500. These indexes, which are updated daily on the Space Foundation website, are easy-to-understand mechanisms for gauging the financial performance of space industry companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges.

References

Spaceflight books


text:
Андрей Вячеславович Иванов (род. 24 декабря 1971) — эстонский русский писатель.

Биография
Родился в 1971 году в Эстонской ССР в семье милиционера и рабочей, живёт в Таллине. Учился в Таллинском педагогическом университете по специальности филолог-русист. Работал сварщиком, дворником и оператором на телефонных линиях, жил в переселенческих лагерях в Скандинавии.

Начал писать в 2004 году, печататься с 2007 года в русских журналах Финляндии и США. В Эстонии книги Андрея Иванова начали выходить с 2009 года. Печатается в российских журналах («Звезда», «Новый мир», «Русская проза» и др.). Вышло несколько книг на русском и эстонском. Роман «Путешествие Ханумана на Лолланд» был издан в Германии на немецком языке, а в 2011 году вышел в Москве в издательстве «АСТ». Член Союза эстонских писателей.

Имел эстонский серый паспорт (без гражданства), в марте 2018 года после сдачи экзамена получил эстонское гражданство.

Знает английский, датский и норвежский языки, учит эстонский язык.

Президентом Эстонии 21 февраля 2020 года Андрей Иванов награждён Орденом Белой Звезды IV класса за писательскую деятельность.

Премии
 Лауреат премии Эстонского фонда «Капитал культуры»,
 Лауреат международного литературного конкурса «Русская Премия» (http://www.russpremia.ru/) в номинации «Крупная проза» за роман «Горсть праха» (2009),
 Лауреат «Русской Премии» в номинации «Малая проза» за повесть «Кризис» (2010),
 Победитель премии 2013 года НОС,
 финалист Русского Букера 2013 года,
 Премия Марка Алданова,
 Национальная премия Эстонии в области культуры (2016),
 Орден Белой звезды IV класса (2020).

Примечания

Ссылки

 Харбинские мотыльки в журнале Звезда

Персоналии по алфавиту
Писатели Эстонии
Русские писатели XXI века
Выпускники Таллинского педагогического института
Персоналии:Таллин
Сварщики


text:
Tetragonoderus obscurus is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It was described by Maximilien Chaudoir in 1876.

References

obscurus
Beetles described in 1876


text:
Sacrifice este un eveniment pay-per-view de wrestling organizat de promoția Total Nonstop Action Wrestling în luna mai a fiecărui an.

2005

2006

2007

Evenimente pay-per-view TNA


text:
La 18ª Brigata aerea autonoma dell'esercito "Igor Sikorsky" (, unità militare A3384) è un'unità della componente aerea dell'esercito ucraino, direttamente subordinata al Comando delle Forze terrestri, con base a Poltava.

Storia
La brigata venne costituita nel febbraio 2015, sulla base di un'unità di riservisti della 831ª Brigata aerotattica, diventando la quarta unità di questo tipo a disposizione delle Forze armate ucraine. Il 5 dicembre 2020 venne ufficialmente dedicata all'ingegnere aeronautico e pioniere dell'aviazione Igor Sikorsky.

Comandanti

 Colonnello Serhij Požydajev (2015-2020)
 Colonnello Vitalij Panasjuk (2020-in carica)

Note

Altri progetti

Brigate aeree
Unità militari ucraine


text:
Mentor-on-the-Lake is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States. The population was 7,443 at the 2010 census.

History
Originally part of Mentor Township, the village was established October 22, 1924. The U.S. Census for 1970 recorded the official population as being over 5,000 and thus it became an incorporated city on February 12, 1971.

A vast majority of the land that comprises Mentor-On-The-Lake was originally owned and deeded as the Dickey-Moore tract and extended all the way south beyond U.S. Route 20 in the city of Mentor. A remnant of this era is a property known as Mooreland which was once owned by the Moore family and is situated on land that now houses Lakeland Community College.

Mentor-on-the-Lake shares many services with the nearby city of Mentor, including postal service.

Geography
Mentor-on-the-Lake is located at  (41.713746, -81.364702).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which  is land and  is water.

Demographics

2010 census
At the 2010 census there were 7,443 people in 3,197 households, including 2,012 families, in the city. The population density was . There were 3,461 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 95.6% White, 1.8% African American, 0.1% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4%.

Of the 3,197 households 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.3% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.1% were non-families. 30.7% of households were one person and 11.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.90.

The median age was 40.3 years. 21.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.6% were from 25 to 44; 29.1% were from 45 to 64; and 14.1% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.0% male and 51.0% female.

2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 8,127 people in 3,304 households, including 2,230 families, in the city. The population density was 4,976.3 people per square mile (1,925.1/km). There were 3,405 housing units at an average density of 2,084.9 per square mile (806.6/km).  The racial makeup of the city was 97.15% Caucasian, 0.81% African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.65% Asian, 0.30% from other races, and 1.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.19%. 18.3% were of German, 16.3% Irish, 14.0% Italian, 7.7% Polish, 7.4% English and 6.2% American ancestry according to Census 2000.

Of the 3,304 households 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.6% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.5% were non-families. 26.6% of households were one person and 8.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.00.

The age distribution was 24.6% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 33.9% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% 65 or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

The median household income was $44,871 and the median family income  was $50,802. Males had a median income of $38,049 versus $26,168 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,717. About 4.2% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.8% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Residents in Mentor-on-the-Lake are zoned to Mentor Public Schools. Most students are zoned to Lake Elementary School, while some are zoned to Orchard Hollow Elementary School. Almost all students are zoned to Shore Middle School, with a small portion of the city zoned to Memorial Middle School. All students are zoned to Mentor High School.

References

External links

Cities in Lake County, Ohio
Ohio populated places on Lake Erie
Populated places established in 1924
1924 establishments in Ohio
Cities in Ohio


text:
The UNFICYP Flight AAC, originally known as the Force Aviation Flight, was a unit of the Army Air Corps (AAC) of the British Army attached to the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP). It was formed on 1 August 1966. The flight was originally equipped with Augusta Bell Sioux AH1 helicopters and these were replaced in December 1977 by Sud Aviation Alouette II helicopters. The Alouettes were replaced by the Westland Gazelle AH.1 in October 1988.

Duties ended on 30 September 1994 when the AAC flight was replaced by a flight from the Argentine Air Force, ending thirty years, six months and four days of service under the UN flag.

See also

 List of Army Air Corps aircraft units

References

Army Air Corps independent flights
Military units and formations established in 1964
Military units and formations disestablished in 1994


text:
Café society era el término empleado para describir de manera colectiva a la llamada «Beautiful People»(en español: «Gente bonita») o «Bright Young People» («Gente joven luminosa»), que se reunía en los cafés y restaurantes de moda de Nueva York, París, Londres, Viena o Estambul, a partir de finales del siglo XIX. Lucius Beebe, destacado escritor, periodista y gourmet, además de entusiasta de los ferrocarriles, es reconocido como el creador del término, sobre el que se centraba la reseña semanal de su columna, This New York, para el New York Herald Tribune durante los años 1920 y 1930.

Aunque los miembros de la café society no eran necesariamente parte del establishment o de otros grupos de la clase dirigente, eran personas que asistían a las cenas privadas y bailes de los demás, tomaban vacaciones en lugares exóticos o en elegantes resorts, y cuyos hijos acostumbraban a casarse con los hijos de otros miembros del grupo. En los Estados Unidos, el término salió a la luz con el fin de la Prohibición en diciembre de 1933 y el surgimiento del periodismo fotográfico, para describir al conjunto de personas que gustaban del entretenimiento semipúblico en restaurantes y clubes nocturnos, entre los que se incluían estrellas de cine y deportistas famosos. Entre los clubes nocturnos y restaurantes neoyorquinos más frecuentados por los miembros de este grupo estaban: El Morocco, el Stork Club, y el 21 Club.

A finales de 1950, el término Jet Set comenzó a tomar el lugar de café society, pero todavía se utiliza de manera informal en algunos países, para describir a las personas que son habituales de los cafés y prefieren dar fiestas en restaurantes y no en casa.

Referencias

Notas

Bibliografía

Clases sociales
Grupos sociales
Sociolingüística
Frases y citas en inglés


text:
Полта́вська форт́еця — комплекс фортифікаційних споруд і оборонних об'єктів довкола міста Полтави. Існувала в XVII—XVIII століттях. Заснована 1608 року Станіславом Жолкевським на межі Дикого поля — в Полтаві, на правому високому березі річки Ворскли.

Географічне розташування
Фортеця була побудована між двома ярами — Мазурівкою і Панянкою, на трикутному у плані мисі, що і тепер є у центральній частині Полтави (так зване Городище). За військово-топографічними умовами Городище було найвигіднішим місцем для фортеці. Його східні й південні схили були дуже крутими, а з півдня фортецю омивала маленька річка Полтавка, що витікала з яру Мазурівка. Тому укріплення потребував тільки напрям з напільного північно-західного боку, де тепер розташована площі Конституції.

Історія будівництва
Фортеця була заснована 1608 року польним коронним гетьманом Станіславом Жолкевським у Полтаві, яка була записана «пустою слободою».

Оборонні споруди представляли собою земляні вали, рови і частокіл.

Круті східні й південні схили пагорба укріпили частоколом, а з північно-західного боку було викопано рів і насипано вал. Суттєвим недоліком фортеці було те, що джерело води було за її межами. Тому у 1640-х роках під керівництвом коронного гетьмана Станіслава Конєцпольського фортеця була розширена майже вдвічі, включивши до її складу Мазурівку і частину плато на південному заході від нього. Фортеця стала називатися Старою (первісна частина) та Новою Полтавою. Укріплення були дуже архаїчними: невеликі земляні бастіони півкруглої та прямокутної форми в плані, сполучені валами. На куті мису, приблизно там, де нині стоїть Біла альтанка, був великий підковоподібного плану бастіон. Вірогідно, найвідповідальніші ділянки оборони були посилені рубленими дерев'яними баштами. Фортеця мала п'ять брам — Подільську, Мазурівську, Київську, Спаську й Крилівську. В'їзна була з північного заходу, приблизно там, де нині вулиця Соборності виходить на площу Конституції. Загальна площа споруд перевищувала 36 га.

Після Переяславської угоди 1654 року Полтавській фортеці надавалося велике значення. 1658 року під керівництвом полтавського полковника Мартина Пушкаря фортецю ремонтували, для чого з Москви було послано воєводу А. Чиркова. Влітку того ж року Полтаву взяли штурмом і спалили війська гетьмана Івана Виговського. Згодом фортецю відновили, з'явився зовнішній пояс оборони: для захисту форштадту (передмістя) викопано рів і насипано вал, які перекрили рівнину між вершинами ярів Бойкового та Кобищани, приблизно по трасі теперішньої вулиці Європейської.

Мережею підземних ходів фортеця сполучалася з від церковними та деякими іншими старовинними спорудами на Івановій горі. Через низинну частину міста від Старого міста ходи вели в бік іншої гори — Монастирської, де в 1650 році за ініціативою Мартина Пушкаря був споруджений Полтавський Хрестовоздвиженський монастир.

Роль фортеці в Полтавській битві

У 1709 році на час облоги Полтави шведською армією фортеця вже мала досить розвинену систему укріплень, близьку до бастіонної, у вигляді неправильного полігону, дещо витягнутого з півдня на північ. Вона мала 5 в'їзних брам: Подільську, Мазурівську, Київську, Спаську і Курилівську. Вздовж схилів Мазурівського яру у 1709 році ще зберігалися рештки первісних укріплень Старої Полтави 1608 року. Захисники Полтави 1709 року поновили цю лінію оборони, передбачаючи можливість прориву шведами зовнішньої лінії оборони. Лінія укріплень одночасно правила й за греблю, яка перегачувала річку Полтавку, так що у фортеці утворився став — джерело води під час облоги. Всі вежі були дерев'яними, рубленими, чотиригранними, невисокими, з наметовими покрівлями. Полтавська фортеця на початку XVIII століття не відповідала європейському рівню фортифікації. Під час облоги укріплення були значно зруйновані, особливо західний фронт, тому Петро І наказав реконструювати фортецю. Цей наказ не було виконано.

Фортеця у другій половині XVIII століття
У 1724 році в Полтаву для інспектування відрядили інженер-майора Деколонга, який оглянув фортецю і склав креслення й кошторис на її реконструкцію. В результаті проведених робіт трасування оборонних ліній суттєво не змінилося, за винятком південної дільниці, де в'їзний вузол значно спростили: замість горнверка з'явився трикутний в плані равелін з брамою та баштою, яка збереглася від попереднього періоду. Біля Київської брами горнверк з равеліном взагалі ліквідували, натомість влаштовано бастіон регулярних обрисів. Перед Спаською брамою знищено равелін і вона опинилася просто посеред валу. Північний бастіон перероблено з квадратного в п'ятикутний, аналогічних змін зазнав підковоподібний східний бастіон.

Після 1722 року внутрішню лінію укріплень вздовж Мазурівки ліквідували. 1730 року реконструйована фортеця мала високі земляні вали з частоколом, земляні бастіони більш-менш регулярних обрисів, сухий рів і вісім башт, що збереглися з попереднього періоду, при чому деякі з них були напівзруйнованими. Занепад укріплень у 1774 році відзначав Йоганн Гюльденштедт. У такому вигляді фортеця проіснувала, поступово руйнуючись, до 1805 року, коли вали й рови були прорізані новорозпланованими вулицями.

1817 року за розпорядженням Полтавського генерал-губернатора вали розкопали, рови засипали і на їх місці проклали бульвари.

Фортеця в сучасному плануванні Полтави
У сучасній містобудівній структурі Полтави колишня фортеця виділена планувально і композиційно. По трасі валів проходять Першотравневий проспект, частково вулиця Панянка. Фортечній еспланаді відповідає парк на площі Конституції. Найдавніша частина фортеці — Городище або Стара Полтава, розташована на високій горі, і сьогодні є визначною ландшафтною домінантою, що панує в панорамі міста.

Галерея

Примітки

Література
 Полтавська фортеця //  — с. 735

Посилання
 Полтава Історична — Місто-фортеця Полтава XVII—XVIII століття

Див. також
 Полтавські підземелля

Історія Полтави
Архітектура Полтави
Замки та палаци Полтавської області
Фортеці України


text:
Hasanpur è una suddivisione dell'India, classificata come municipal board, di 53.340 abitanti, situata nel distretto di Jyotiba Phule Nagar, nello stato federato dell'Uttar Pradesh.

Centri abitati dell'Uttar Pradesh


text:
Orazio "Bimbo" Arancio (born 15 November 1967 in Catania) is a former Italian rugby union player and a current coach and sports director. He played as a flanker.

Career
Arancio first played at Fiamma Catania, moving to Amatori Catania in 1986/87, where he would remain until 1995/96. He played for a season at Amatori Rugby Milano, in 1996/97, moving afterwards to the French side of RC Toulonnais, where he played in 1997/98. Returning to Italy, he played at Benetton Treviso for two seasons, from 1998/99 to 1999/2000, being Italian Champion in 1998/99. Arancio played two seasons at Rugby Bologna 1928 (2000/01-2001/02). He then returned to Amatori Catania, where he would play for four seasons, from 2002/03 to 2005/06. His final team would be San Gregorio Rugby, from 2006/07 to 2009/10, finishing his career aged 43 years old. He became player and head coach at the season of 2008/09. He was in charge of the team until 2011/12.

Arancio had 34 caps for Italy, from 1993 to 1999, scoring 2 tries, 10 points in aggregate. He was called for the 1995 Rugby World Cup, playing three games, and for the 1999 Rugby World Cup, playing two games.

He was team manager of the Italy national rugby sevens team, federal counselor of the Italian Rugby Federation and member of the federal counsel of the Italian National Olympic Committee. He was awarded the Golden Star of the INOC in 2006.

External links

1967 births
Living people
Italian rugby union players
Italy international rugby union players
Italian rugby union coaches
Rugby union flankers


text:
Charles Richard Mondjo (born 28 January 1954) is a Congolese military officer who has served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Defense since 2012. Previously he was Chief of Staff of the Congolese Armed Forces from 2002 to 2012.

Military career
An ethnic Mbochi and the son of diplomat Nicolas Mondjo, Charles Richard Mondjo was born at Brazzaville in 1954, attending school in Cuvette Department and Brazzaville. Subsequently he attended military preparatory school. He received training at a military school in East Germany from 1976 to 1978 and at a military school in the Soviet Union from 1982 to 1986.

Back in Congo-Brazzaville, Mondjo served as an army officer, and he was Director of Lessons and Studies at the Marien Ngouabi Military Academy in Brazzaville from 1987 to 1993. He sided with rebel leader Denis Sassou Nguesso during the June–October 1997 civil war; the war ended with Sassou Nguesso regaining power and ousting President Pascal Lissouba. In December 1997, Mondjo was appointed as Commander of Military Zone 1, which included the country's economic capital, Pointe-Noire; he remained in that post for five years. He was appointed as Chief of Staff of the Congolese Armed Forces on 20 December 2002, and he was promoted to the rank of major-general (général de division).

After serving nearly ten years as Chief of Staff, Mondjo was appointed to the government as Minister at the Presidency for National Defense on 25 September 2012. He was officially succeeded as Chief of Staff by Major-General Guy Blanchard Okoï at a ceremony on 7 November 2012.

Mondjo met with French Defense Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian in Brazzaville on 11 February 2014 for a discussion about instability in the Central African Republic.

After Sassou Nguesso's victory in the March 2016 presidential election, he retained Mondjo in his post as Minister of National Defense on 30 April 2016.

References

1954 births
Living people
People from Brazzaville
Defense ministers of the Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo military personnel


text:
En zebroid er en krydsning af en zebra (for det meste handyret) og et andet dyr fra hesteslægten, f.eks. en hest ("zorse") eller et æsel ("zonkey").

En zorse har mere form som en hest end en zebra, men har ofte striber fordelt rundt på kroppen.

Referencer

Krydsninger
Heste
Zebraer
Æsler


text:
Maryorie Nicole Pérez Rodríguez (born 25 November 1997) is a Panamanian footballer who plays as a defender for the Panama women's national team.

International career
Pérez appeared in one match for Panama at the 2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship.

See also
 List of Panama women's international footballers

References

1997 births
Living people
Panamanian women's footballers
Panama women's international footballers
Women's association football defenders


text:
Speeton railway station served the villages of Speeton and Reighton in North Yorkshire, England. It was situated on the Yorkshire Coast Line from Scarborough to Hull and was opened on 20 October 1847 by the York and North Midland Railway. It closed on 5 January 1970. The station building and the adjacent platform are still in place.

References

External links
 Speeton station on navigable 1947 O. S. map

Disused railway stations in the Borough of Scarborough
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1847
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1970
Stations on the Hull to Scarborough line
1847 establishments in England
Former York and North Midland Railway stations
George Townsend Andrews railway stations
Beeching closures in England


text:
Als Carbeniumion wird in der Organischen Chemie ein Kohlenwasserstoff-Molekül bezeichnet, das ein positiv geladenes Kohlenstoffatom besitzt. Carbeniumion ist ein Unterbegriff zu Carbokation. Ein Carbeniumion ist ein dreibindiger Kohlenstoff, der ein Elektronensextett und ein freies p-Orbital besitzt. Ein negativ geladenes Kohlenstoffatom als Bestandteil eines organischen Moleküls wird Carbanion genannt.

Nach der Anzahl der organischen Reste werden primäre (+CH2R), sekundäre (+CHR2) und tertiäre Carbeniumionen (+CR3) unterschieden. Die Stabilität der Carbeniumionen nimmt in dieser Reihenfolge zu. Ist der Rest R eine Vinylgruppe oder ein Arylrest (z. B. Phenylrest), ist das Carbeniumion mesomeriestabilisiert. Besonders stabil ist das Triphenylcarbeniumion. Für die Einschätzung der relativen Stabilität verschiedener Carbeniumionen sind die mesomeren Einflüsse (M-Effekt) wichtiger als die induktiven Effekte (I-Effekte) und die Hyperkonjugation. Ist keine Mesomeriestabilisierung möglich, nimmt die Stabilität der Carbeniumionen durch den I-Effekt mit der Anzahl der Reste R von primär zu tertiär zu.

Carbeniumionen treten häufig als reaktive Zwischenstufen bei chemischen Reaktionen in der Organischen Chemie auf, so zum Beispiel bei der nukleophilen Substitution 1. Ordnung (SN1-Reaktion). Carbeniumionen können in Konkurrenz zu Bromoniumionen auch bei der Bromaddition an die C=C-Doppelbindung von Alkenen auftreten:

Sie können mit Supersäuren, wie Antimonpentafluorid (SbF5), erzeugt werden. Bei der Umsetzung von tert-Butylfluorid mit Antimonpentafluorid kommt es zu einer heterolytischen Spaltung der C-F-Bindung unter Bildung des tert-Butylkations und des Anions SbF6−. Beide Ionen können ein stabiles Salz bilden, das bei tiefen Temperaturen lange haltbar ist. Tertiäre Alkylcarbeniumionen lassen sich auch über die Abspaltung eines Hydridions aus dem entsprechenden Kohlenwasserstoff mithilfe einer starken Protonensäure, wie beispielsweise einer Mischung aus Antimonpentafluorid und Fluorsulfonsäure, herstellen.

Literatur
 Armin de Meijere: Neues über Carbokationen, Chemie in unserer Zeit, 9. Jahrg. 1975, Nr. 2, S. 35–42,

Einzelnachweise

Chemische Bindung


text:
Die dem hl. Mauritius () geweihte Kathedrale von Angers ist das religiöse Zentrum der Stadt und des Bistums Angers. Seit dem Jahr 1862 ist das Bauwerk als Monument historique anerkannt. Sie ist eines der Hauptwerke der Angevinischen Gotik. Die teilweise noch romanische Fassadengestaltung ist dabei nicht untypisch.

Lage
Die  Kathedrale liegt auf dem höchsten Punkt der Stadt (ca. ) jeweils ca. 400 m vom Schloss (château) und vom Fluss Maine entfernt. Die Kirche ist nicht geostet, sondern nach Südosten ausgerichtet.

Geschichte und Architektur
Zu Beginn des 11. Jahrhunderts ließ Hubert von Vendôme, Bischof von Angers in den Jahren zwischen 1006 und 1047, eine neue Kirche mit einem einzigen Schiff bauen. Die neue Kathedrale wurde am 16. August 1025 geweiht. Bereits nach sieben Jahren brannte das Gotteshaus nieder und wurde erst Ende des 11. Jahrhunderts von Bischof Geoffroy de Tours (1081–1093) wieder benutzbar gemacht. Seine Nachfolger Renaud de Martigné (1102–1125) und Ulger (1125–1148) ließen die Kathedrale dann schließlich wiederaufbauen. Unter den Bischöfen Normand de Doué (1148–1153) und Guillaume de Beaumont (1202–1240) wurden die Arbeiten weiter vorangetrieben.

Die romanischen Mauern des Kirchenschiffs blieben bis zur halben Höhe erhalten. Um die Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts erhielt die Kirche ein gebustes Kreuzrippengewölbe, welches zum Vorbild vieler Gewölbe der angevinischen Gotik wurde (Domikalgewölbe). Etwas später entstanden das Querschiff und der Chor, der über den spätantiken Mauern der Stadt errichtet wurde. Die beiden Westtürme wurden in den Jahren 1518 und 1523 fertiggestellt; der achteckige Pavillon mit aufgesetzter Laterne des mittleren Turms stammt aus dem 17. Jahrhundert.

Dimensionen
 Gesamtlänge: 90,47 m
 Breite der Westfassade: 23 m
 Höhe des Schiffs: 24,7 m
 Breite des Schiffs: 16,4 m
 Länge des Schiffs: 48 m
 Höhe der Türme: 75 m

Ausstattung
Unter den Kunstwerken in der Kathedrale (siehe Anm. 1) befinden sich:
 das Tympanon des Westportals ist vom Königsportal der Kathedrale von Chartres beeinflusst; es zeigt den thronenden Christus in einer Mandorla und umgeben von den vier geflügelten Wesen der Apokalypse (Tetramorph),
 eine Wandmalerei aus dem 13. Jahrhundert, die um 1980 entdeckt wurde und die das Leben des heiligen Maurilius von Angers darstellt,
 ein Glasfenster (vitreau) im Querschiff, ebenfalls aus dem 13. Jahrhundert, mit einer Darstellung des Lebens des Erzbischofs Julian von Toledo, gilt als Hauptwerk des Glasmalerei jener Zeit,
 der barocke Altaraufsatz (ciborium), darunter eine Serie mit Szenen aus dem Leben Johannes des Täufers, sowie
 Kanzel (chaire) und Chorgestühl (stalles) (19. Jahrhundert)

Orgel

Die Geschichte der Orgeln reicht zurück in das 14. Jahrhundert. Das heutige Instrument geht zurück auf eine Orgel, die im Jahr 1617 vom Orgelbauer Jacques Girardet erbaut wurde, wohl unter Wiederverwendung von Pfeifenmaterial aus der Vorgängerorgel. Diese Orgel hatte 47 Register auf drei Manualen. Ein Pedalwerk kam erst 1701 hinzu. Im 18. Jahrhundert wurde das Orgelgehäuse ersetzt. In den Jahren 1869–1872 wurde die Orgel von Aristide Cavaillé-Coll reorganisiert. 1959 wurde das Instrument elektrifiziert und um 19 Register auf nun 66 Register auf drei Manualen und Pedal erweitert.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Bischöfe von Angers
 Liste der Kathedralen in Frankreich

Weblinks

 Website der Kathedrale (französisch)

Einzelnachweise

Angers
Bauwerk in Angers
Monument historique in Angers
Angers
Angers, Kathedrale
Mauritiuskirche
Kirchengebäude im Bistum Angers
Monument historique seit 1862
Angers
Angers


text:
Mark Preston Curry (born 27 August 1961) is an English actor as well as a television and radio presenter. He is an actor and writer, known for Bugsy Malone (1976) with his role of Oscar, Hollyoaks (1995) and Eartha Kitt Sings (1970). He is best known for his career on the British-television children's show Blue Peter (1986–1989) as a host, as well as his run as host on ITV British gameshow Catchphrase (2002).

Early years
Born in Stafford, Curry grew up in the mining village of Allerton Bywater near Castleford in the West Riding of Yorkshire. His father, Arthur, a physical training instructor and prison officer, died when Curry was five. His mother, Lily, was a maternity nurse.

Curry's television career began when he was seven, when he auditioned for Jess Yates, the executive producer of Yorkshire Television's Junior Showtime. He was a regular performer on the show from 1969 to 1974. He attended the Jean Pearce School of Dancing in Leeds throughout the early 1970s.

In 1976 he appeared in the Alan Parker film, Bugsy Malone playing "Oscar". He performed in pantomimes and variety shows. Curry didn't enjoy school and he found it to be an annoying distraction, as he enjoyed performing and acting to a greater extent.

Curry has appeared in many pantomimes throughout the UK. His first was a television pantomime in 1972, Babes in the Wood, starring Little and Large and Susan Maughan, where Curry and Bonnie Langford were the two babes.

In the late 1970s, Curry co-presented a Saturday morning TV show called Calendar Kids, with Kathryn Apanowicz, which was only shown in the Yorkshire Television region. He was also a main character in a six episode comedy/drama series about brass bands, Sounding Brass, for ATV.

1980–1989
Curry joined the Harrogate Theatre Company and appeared in several plays over three years in the early 1980s. In 1981, he co-hosted the series Get Set For Summer on BBC1 with main host Peter Powell and Lucie Skeaping. The series returned the following year as Get Set but eventually became The Saturday Picture Show with Curry as main host, running until 1986. Curry's co-hosts over the years included Deborah Appleby, Maggie Philbin and Cheryl Baker. Curry moved to Manchester to present Saturday morning live TV shows for the BBC and then moved to London to present Blue Peter in the late 1980's.

In 1984, Curry was the question master on the final series of BBC quiz show Screen Test.

Blue Peter: 1986–1989
On 23 June 1986, Curry joined the children's television program Blue Peter. Curry's co-hosts during his time with the program were Janet Ellis, Peter Duncan, Caron Keating, Yvette Fielding and John Leslie.

Curry spent three weeks in Malawi witnessing distressing scenes of people from surrounding villages suffering with blindness and chronic eye problems. He had an eye operation when he was two years old and has to wear spectacles due to only seeing clearly through one eye, so was enthusiastic about raising money for the charity, SightSavers, which was the Blue Peter appeal for 1986.

He travelled across the Soviet Union for the 1987 summer expedition and was known for his history features on the show, his cooking disasters and his performing. Due to Curry's successful children's history program Treasure Houses, created by Dorothy Smith and the head of children's programmes, Edward Barnes, he was invited to replace Simon Groom without auditioning for the show.

The team of Curry, Keating and Fielding during the 1980s was popular at the time and they worked together on the program's Christmas song and dance specials. After leaving Blue Peter in June 1989, Curry was offered another BBC One Saturday morning show but turned it down.

1990–1999
Curry played the role of a TV host in a 1990 episode of the ITV drama London's Burning. He appeared in an episode of the BBC comedy series, Bread, and when Roy Castle became ill during the mid-1990s, Curry was asked to co present Record Breakers for the BBC. Curry played one of the two leading roles in the London West End production of The Woman in Black, in 1994 and starred in the centenary production of Charley's Aunt. Curry has appeared in a UK tour of Noises Off and in the stage musical version of Singin' in the Rain. He has also appeared at the Theatre Royal, Windsor in several Alan Ayckbourn plays.

Curry, who is a keen tennis player and a qualified tennis coach, joined the Radio 5 commentary team for their coverage of Wimbledon in the early 1990s. He is the regular Master of Ceremonies for the Aegon Classic, a pre-Wimbledon women's tennis tournament at the Priory Club, Edgbaston.

Curry presented the DIY BBC One daytime series Change That from 1996-1998.

He would often sit in regularly for Gloria Hunniford on Channel 5's Open House.

He also co-presented a daily, live food series on the Carlton Food Network called Taste Today with Ruth Langsford and later, Anthea Turner. This series saw Curry travel to Italy, Cyprus, India and Singapore, covering various food topics.

2000-2009

Catchphrase (2002)
In 2002, Curry presented the final series of the original run of the television quiz show, Catchphrase. The show was cancelled after this series but was revived in 2013 with Stephen Mulhern presenting the show.

Other shows/ Performances
Curry made a guest appearance in an episode of Last of the Summer Wine, entitled "Will The Nearest Alien Please Come In", broadcast 19 August 2007, playing a character trying to get in touch with extra terrestrials. He was also cast in an episode of the BBC daytime drama Doctors.

Victoria Wood cast Curry as 'The Compere' in a 2009 revival of her play Talent, which she also directed at the Menier Chocolate Factory, London.

2010-present
From 9 January, until the late summer of 2012, he presented the breakfast radio show, Curry For Breakfast on Talk Radio Europe, an English language talk/variety network in southern Spain, where he has a home.  He played a leading role in Wife Begins at Forty, for Ray Cooney at the Yvonne Arnaud Theatre, Guildford and the Mill, at Sonning in 2011 and 2012 and returned to Sonning in 2013 in the comedy, Who's Under Where?.

He played the role of Larry in Sondheim's Company and Andre Cassell in Victor/Victoria, at the London fringe venue Southwark Playhouse in 2011 and 2012.

He has presented and performed in several BBC Children in Need television shows, once playing Cliff Richard in a Eurovision Song Contest tribute singing "Congratulations" and "Power To All Our Friends".

He has commentated at Wimbledon for BBC Radio 5, Radio Wimbledon and for Talk Radio Europe. He has also contributed to ITV's Piers Morgan's Life Stories, discussing his friendship with actress Beverley Callard known for her role in Coronation Street.

He featured on the BBC One quiz show Pointless in December 2012 alongside Peter Duncan as contestants. He has also appeared as a celebrity guest on Celebrity Antiques Roadshow, and he even won the BBC Children In Need Strictly Come Dancing special. From May to August 2014, he played  "Siegfried Farnon" in the stage adaptation and UK tour of "All Creatures Great and Small".

In 2016 he played the role of the Wizard in the West End musical Wicked.

As a fund-raiser for the Acting For Others YouTube channel in 2020, Curry recorded a series of virtual interviews with other performers. He recorded a food and travel vlog from Bilbao and San Sebastián for The Wonderbirds Show.

Personal life

Curry has a daughter and a granddaughter. In September 2008, Curry formed a civil partnership with his long-term partner, Jeremy Sandle.

References

External links

1961 births
Living people
Blue Peter presenters
English television presenters
English game show hosts
English LGBT people
People from Stafford
British LGBT broadcasters
People educated at Lawnswood School


text:
Notocrypta caerulea är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Evans 1928. Notocrypta caerulea ingår i släktet Notocrypta och familjen tjockhuvuden. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Tjockhuvuden
caerulea


text:
Niemcy:
 Oberkirch – miasto w kraju związkowym Badenia-Wirtembergia, w powiecie Ortenau
 Oberkirch – wspólnota administracyjna w kraju związkowym Badenia-Wirtembergia, w powiecie Ortenau

Szwajcaria:
 Oberkirch – gmina w kantonie Lucerna, w okręgu Sursee
 Oberkirch – miejscowość w kantonie Solura

Zobacz też:
 Oberkirche
 Oberkirchen


text:
Bötersen ist eine Gemeinde in der Samtgemeinde Sottrum im Landkreis Rotenburg (Wümme) im Bundesland Niedersachsen.

Geografie

Geografische Lage
Bötersen befindet sich zwischen Sottrum (acht Kilometer) und Rotenburg (Wümme) (zehn Kilometer) und liegt an der K202, die von der B 75 etwa in Höhe Waffensen nord-nord-westlich verläuft. Über die K 202 ist nach etwa sieben Kilometern in west-west-nördlicher Richtung – weiterführend über die "Rotenburger Str." – etwa bei Bittstedt die A 1 zu erreichen.

Gemeindegliederung
Zur Gemeinde gehören zudem die Ortsteile Bötersen, Höperhöfen und Jeerhof.

Geschichte
Die frühesten Funde belegen eine Besiedlung des Gebietes um Bötersen im Neolithikum (ab etwa 4100 v. Chr.). Größere archäologische Ausgrabungen fanden auf einem Urnenfriedhof der jüngeren Bronzezeit und Hallstattzeit statt. Überregional bekannt wurde Bötersen aufgrund des dem Gräberfeld benachbarten Feuerstellenplatzes von Bötersen, der in die jüngere Bronzezeit datiert. Durch die Publikation von Rudolf Dehnke wurde die Bronzezeitforschung auf dieses Phänomen aufmerksam.

Bötersen wurde 1340 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Der Stamm des Ortsnamens kommt vom althochdeutschen "Buten" oder "Putirik", was "Schlauch" bedeutet; die Endung "-sen" gibt einen Hinweis auf die Entstehung der Siedlung zwischen 500 und 1000.

Eingemeindungen
Am 1. März 1974 wurde die Nachbargemeinde Höperhöfen eingegliedert.

Einwohnerentwicklung
Auf Grund eines kommunalen Beschlusses ist der Neubau von Einfamilienhäusern auf den von der Kommune erschlossenen Grundstücken auf Personen begrenzt, die bereits seit mindestens fünf Jahren in der Gemeinde leben oder hier geboren worden sind. Alle übrigen Baugrundstücke sind hiervon nicht betroffen.

Politik

Gemeinderat
Der Rat der Gemeinde Bötersen besteht aus elf Ratsfrauen und Ratsherren. Dies ist die festgelegte Anzahl für die Mitgliedsgemeinde einer Samtgemeinde mit einer Einwohnerzahl zwischen 1.001 und 2.000 Einwohnern. Die Ratsmitglieder werden durch eine Kommunalwahl für jeweils fünf Jahre gewählt. Die aktuelle Amtszeit begann am 1. November 2021 und endet am 31. Oktober 2026.

Die letzten Gemeinderatswahlen ergaben folgende Sitzverteilungen:

Bürgermeister
Der Gemeinderat wählte das Gemeinderatsmitglied Cord Trefke (CDU) zum ehrenamtlichen Bürgermeister für die aktuelle Wahlperiode.

Wappen
Blasonierung: Im goldenen Schild ein roter fünfflammiger Feuerstreifen als Schildhaupt, darunter drei aufrecht stehende schwarze Seche.

Das Wappen zeigt auf goldenem Grund einen fünfflammigen Feuerstreifen als Schildhaupt, was auf einen in Bötersen ausgegrabene bronzezeitliche Feuerstellenplatz hin, sowie darunter drei aufrecht stehende, schwarze Seche (Pflugschare). Diese symbolisieren die drei Gemeindeteile.

Infrastruktur

Einrichtungen
 Gemeindeverwaltung im Rathaus der Samtgemeinde Sottrum
 Grundschule Bötersen
 Kindergarten Merlin
 Freiwillige Feuerwehr Bötersen
 Freiwillige Feuerwehr Höperhöfen
 Samtgemeindebücherei in Bötersen
 Höper Hus, Haus der Gemeinde Bötersen
 Dorfladen ab Aug. 2019

Vereine
 Boitzter Spinnstuv (Heimatverein)
 Landfrauenverein Bötersen und Umgebung
 Landjugend Bötersen
 Motorsport-Club Bötersen (MSC-B)
 Schützenverein Bötersen-Höperhöfen von 1927
 Seniorenkreis "Blievt in Gang" in Bötersen, Höperhöfen und Jeerhof
 Sozialverband Deutschland – Ortsgruppe Krummer Ort
 TSV Bötersen (Sportverein)
 Förderverein Höperhöfen-Jeerhof
 Förderverein Grundschule Bötersen
 MFG Jeerhof
 JFV Union 18 (Jugendfussballmanschaft)

Regelmäßige Veranstaltungen
 Eiersuchen an jedem ersten Samstag im Januar: und der Fastnachtsball
 Schlagball am Karfreitag auf dem Hof vom Gasthaus Hoops
 Schützenfest an jeden dritten Wochenende im Mai in Bötersen mit Umzug
 Erntefest am dritten Samstag im September in Höperhöfen
 Sportlerball am ersten Wochenende im November
 Mittsommerfest alle zwei Jahre vom Förderverein Höperhöfen-Jeerhof
 Dorfkohltour in 2–3-jährigem Abstand
 Mensch-Ärgere-Dich-Nicht-Turnier des TSV Bötersen-Höperhöfen
 Osterfeuer in Bötersen und Höperhöfen
 Umwelttag im Frühjahr
 Pfingstbaumpflanzen für alle, die sich im Vorjahr verlobt haben oder heiraten möchten
 Laternenumzug für Kinder in Bötersen, musikalisch begleitet durch einen Spielmannszug
 Schleppjagd des Reitvereins Sottrum
 Weihnachtsmarkt am ersten Adventssonntag in Zürns Festscheune

Verkehr
Bötersen liegt an der Bahnstrecke Bremervörde–Walsrode.

Unser Dorf hat Zukunft
Die Gemeinde Bötersen nahm erstmals 2015 am Wettbewerb Unser Dorf hat Zukunft auf Kreisebene teil. Die gemeinsame Teilnahme der Ortsteile stärkte den Zusammenschluss der Dörfer zur Gemeinde.

Nach dem Sieg auf der Kreisebene im Jahr 2015 folgte 2018 die erfolgreiche Teilnahme am Bezirksentscheid und kurz darauf der Sieg im Landeswettbewerb 2018. Damit qualifizierte sich die Gemeinde für den 26. Bundesentscheid im Jahr 2019. Im Ergebnis wurde Bötersen mit einer Gold-Medaille ausgezeichnet.

Weblinks

  Internetauftritt der Gemeinde Bötersen
 Aktuelle Informationen über Bötersen (wird nicht mehr aktualisiert)

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Landkreis Rotenburg (Wümme)
Ort in der Stader Geest
Ersterwähnung 1340


text:
Anna cieszyńska – księżniczka cieszyńska, księżna legnicka
 Anna cieszyńska – księżniczka cieszyńska, księżna lubińska


text:
Zemianske Kostoľany (bis 1948 "Zemianske Kostolany" – bis 1927 "Zemanské Kostolany"; deutsch Edl-Kostolany, ungarisch Nemeskosztolány) ist eine Gemeinde im Okres Prievidza des Trenčiner Landschaftsverbandes in der West-Slowakei.

Der Ort wurde 1331 zum ersten Mal schriftlich als Coztulan erwähnt.

Zur Gemeinde gehört neben dem Hauptort der 1902 eingemeindete Ort Dolné Lelovce (deutsch Unterlelotz).

Im Ort gibt es ein Renaissanceschloss aus der ersten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts, die katholische Kirche wurde 1699–1701 errichtet.

Weblinks

Ort in der Slowakei
Ersterwähnung 1331


text:
Francisco Erdmann de Saxe-Lauemburgo (; Theusing, 25 de fevereiro de 1629 – Schwarzenbek, 30 de julho de 1666), foi um nobre alemão, da Casa de Ascânia, duque de Saxe-Lauemburgo de 1665 a 1666. Era filho de Júlio Henrique e da sua segunda mulher, Isabel Sofia do Brandeburgo, filha de João Jorge, Eleitor de Brandemburgo.

Casamento
Em 1654 Francisco Erdmann casou com a sua prima Sibila Edviges de Saxe-Lauemburgo (1625–1703) , filha do seu tio paterno, o duque Augusto de Saxe-Lauemburgo. Uma vez que não houve descendência deste casamento, Francisco Erdmann foi sucedido pelo seu meio-irmão Júlio Francisco, filho do terceiro casamento do seu pai.

Ascendência

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Referências

Ligações Externas
 Genealogia de Francisco Erdmann de Saxe-Lauemburgo (euweb.cz);
 Genealogia dos Duques de Saxe-Lauemburgo;
 Dados biográficos de Francisco Erdmann de Saxe-Lauemburgo (worldhistory.com);
 Ficha biográfica de Francisco Erdmann de Saxe-Lauemburgo.

Bibliografia
 Peter von Kobbe, Geschichte und Landesbeschreibung des Herzogthums Lauenburg, Volume 3, Harro von Hirschheydt, 1837, Pág. 70 ff.
 Johann Samuel Ersch, Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste in alphabetischer Folge, Vol. 48, J. f. Gleditsch, 1848, Pag. 91 f. (Digitalisat)

|-

Francisco Erdmann
Francisco Erdmann


text:
«Жуть» — () — фильм режиссёров Джина Джозефа и Томаса Дорана.

Сюжет
Группа искателей приключений, сбившись с пути, попала в таинственный дом, где им пришлось столкнуться с разнообразной нечистью: зомби, вампиры, демоны. Но самая страшная угроза исходит от живущего в доме колдуна, который желает воскресить свою невесту. А для этого ему нужны жертвы.

В ролях
 Феликс Уорд
 Мария Печукас
 Алек Немсер
 Питер Ясилло

Съёмочная группа
 Режиссёры: Джин Джозеф и Томас Доран
 Сценаристы: Энн Бургунд и Томас Доран

Ссылки

Фильмы ужасов США


text:
Kummulla was a "K-class" ferry on Sydney Harbour. Launched in 1903, the timber-hulled steamer was built for Sydney Ferries Limited during the boom in cross-harbour ferry travel prior to the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. She was decommissioned in 1934 after the 1932 opening of the Bridge.

Background
Kummulla was built for Sydney Ferries Limited during the early twentieth century boom in cross-Harbour travel prior to the 1932 opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. At the time, the company ran one of the largest ferry fleets in the world. The ferry was part of broader type of around 20 double-ended timber screw ferries - the Sydney K-class ferries - that the company commissioned between the 1890s and early 1920s to meet the booming demand.

Kummulla followed the Sydney Ferries Limited convention of naming their vessels after Australian Aboriginal words starting with "K". "Kummulla" is thought to mean "catch me".

Design and construction
Described as a "small edition of the [1902 ferry] Koree, she was one of the earlier of the "K-class" ferries. Kummulla was designed by Mr. James Scott (foreman of the North Coast S.N. Company's works) and built in 1903 by Dunn Brothers of Berry's Bay in North Sydney. Typical of the K-class, she was a timber double-ended double-screw steam ferry with two passenger decks and a wheelhouse at each end. As with several of the other earlier K-class vessels, her upper deck was not enclosed for its entire length having partially-open passenger seating immediately behind the two wheelhouses. The 1905 K-class ferry, Kareela was the first of the type to be built with fully enclosed upper decks between the wheelhouses. In comparison to other K-class ferries, Kummulla's bow and stern were particularly up-swept with steep lower decks. Initially provided with two gangways on either side, a third in between the other two, was later provided making her similar to the other "K-class" ferries.

The specification for the machinery, boilers, and electric light installation was prepared by Thomas Brown (Works Engineer for the Sydney Ferries Company). Her engines were imported from Lees, Anderson and Co of Glasgow and could push her to 11 knots. They were 31 hp compound inverted direct acting surface condensing steam engines with two cranks and right angles. The cylinder diameters were 14 inch and 27 inch with length of stroke being 18 inch. Her two through multi-tubular cylindrical boilers (6 ft 6in internal diameter and 18 ft long) were tested to a working pressure of 120 1b to the square inch, and were provided with Deighton's patent suspension furnace.

Kummulla's hull was launched on 7 August 1902.

Service history
Kummulla's official trials were on 15 January 1903 where she attained 11 knots. The next day, The Australian Star newspaper described her as "the prettiest steamer of the Sydney Ferries Limited fleet of modern harbour steamers". The Sydney Morning Herald described her as "distinct advance upon any of the vessels running in the Mosman service" and "elaborately furnished". Kummulla was built for the Mosman Bay service and also served the Circular Quay to Lavender Bay run.

In 1932, the Sydney Harbour Bridge was opened, and Sydney Ferries Limited's annual patronage dropped from 40 million to about 15 million. As part of economy measures, older and/or most of the larger steamers were put up for sale. Kummulla was laid up for sale in 1934.

Her engine was removed in 1935, she was hulked, and her hull sold for scrapping in 1939.

Incidents
 On 30 August 1909, Kummulla collided with steam launch, Vivid, causing considerable damage to both vessels. Kummulla's steering was disable and there were fears that Vivid might sink, with the master of the Vivid found to be at fault.
 On July 1911, she collided with Sydney Ferries Ltd ferry Kangaroo between Lavender Bay and Dawes Point.
 She collided with Vaucluse in July 1919 and was out of service for several weeks for repairs. In August 1921, she struck the vehicular ferry Benelon in thick fog. Benelon's steering gear and bulwarks were damaged. Shortly after on the same day, with a thick fog diminishing visibility, the Benelon soon collided with the ferry Woollahra.
 In 1927, Kummulla was the first vessel to arrive on the scene of the Greycliffe disaster. The Watson's Bay ferry, Greycliffe, had been struck by the liner RMS Tahiti cutting the ferry into two and sinking it. Kummulla's crew diverted her from her run to Mosman and rescued passengers from the water, a number of whom were injured. Those rescued on Kummulla were taken to waiting ambulances at Mosman Bay.

See also
List of Sydney Harbour ferries
Sydney K-class ferries

References

External links

Ferries of New South Wales
1903 ships
Lavender Bay
Sydney K-class ferries


text:
Kağıt Evler (Paper Houses) is the second studio album by Turkish singer Emre Aydın. It was released on 1 April 2010. The album was produced by Mats Valentin Production and recorded at Mr Radar Music Studios in Sweden.

As to why the album was titled Kağıt Evler, Aydın said: "I looked for a metaphor that was difficult to make, but easy to build. The lyrical concept of the album is about forgetting. Forgetting has always seemed to be like that for me; you forget something you do with a hard labor, you actually think that you've forgot it; then something happens, anything; the things you think you've forgot, start to haunt you one by one. Your paper house collapses." Except Cemali's song, Duymak İstiyorum, all of the songs in the album were written and composed by Aydın himself, similar to his previous album. The album was successful on digital platforms and sold 65,000 copies by the end of 2010, becoming the 10th best-selling album of the year in Turkey.

Kağıt Evler was Emre Aydın's last album to be released by Sony Music.

Music videos

Centered around the concept of forgetting, the album's lead single, "Bu Yağmurlar", was produced by İskender Paydaş and Mats Valentin. Two child actors appeared alongside Emre Aydın on the song's music video. It was recorded at a specially created plateau in Çatalca over the course of 20 hours and under the direction of Murad Küçük. It became the most-streamed music video at the time and topped the radio and television charts. The second music video, "Alıştım Susmaya", was again directed by Murad Küçük. The album's third music video, "Hoşçakal", was recorded over the course of 24 hours by a team of 40 people. It was directed by Cemil Ağacıkoğlu and succeeded in occupying the first position on digital platforms. The fourth music video, "Son Defa", was shot in London and directed by Serdar Ferit. A number of English actors appeared in the video, which was recorded in 2 days. Ceyda Sarıhan directed the fifth music video, "Tam Dört Yıl Olmuş Dün". Its shooting lasted 15 hours.

Track listing

References

External links
 Emre Aydın's official website

2010 albums
Emre Aydın albums


text:
Гомоляко Андрій Олексійович (* 1980) — прапорщик Збройних сил України, учасник російсько-української війни.
 Гомоляко Ірина Володимирівна (* 1946) — українська лікар-патологоанатом, доктор медичних наук, професор, лавреат Державної премії України у галузі науки і техніки (1994).
 Гомоляко Сергій Юрійович (* 1970) — російський хокеїст, що грав на позиції крайнього нападника. Грав за збірну команду Росії.


text:
Притерпа (бел. Прыцерпа; лат. Prycierpa) — деревня в Осиповичском районе Могилёвской области. Входит в Свислочский сельсовет (до 2018 года входила в Гродзянский сельсовет).

География
Деревня расположена на берегу Каменки в правобережной пойме Березины на границе с Минской областью, в 32 км к северо-востоку от города Осиповичи, в 45 км к северу от Бобруйска, в 100 км к юго-западу от Могилёва и в 100 км к юго-востоку от Минска.

Рядом с деревней проходит автодорога Березино — Бобруйск. На юге к деревне примыкает лесной массив.

В 1-1,5 км к северу находится одноимённая деревня Притерпа (Березинский район Минской области).

История
Название деревни происходит от старого названия реки Притерпа (приток Березины), которая сейчас называется Каменка.

1857 год: хутор в составе Погорельской волости Игуменского уезда Минской Губернии.
 1897 год: застенок.
 1909 год: застенок в четвертом стане Погорельской волости, ближайшая почтовая станция в местечке Свислочь.
 1924 год: урочище в Погорельской волости Червенского уезда БССР
 1926 год: в Яновском Национальном Польском сельсовете Свислочского района Бобруйского округа.

Население
 1857 год — 38 прихожан католического прихода: прихожане «поляки», сословия «дворяне и однодворцы»
 1887 год — 92 жителя, 12 дворов
 1907 год — 10 дворов и 25 дворов выселены на хуторах.
 1909 год — 42 жителя, 10 дворов
 1917 год — 114 жителей, 15 дворов: 100 «белоруссы», 14 «поляки».
 1926 год — 140 жителей, 20 дворов.
 1940 год — 33 двора.
 1959 год — 132 жителя.
 1970 год — 80 жителей.
 1986 год — 35 жителей, 18 хозяйств.
 2002 год — 11 жителей, 10 хозяйств.
 2009 год — 5 жителей

Примечания

Ссылки
 Сайт про историю деревни Притерпа

Населённые пункты Осиповичского района


text:
Kampungbaru is een bestuurslaag in het regentschap Kediri van de provincie Oost-Java, Indonesië. Kampungbaru telt 6858 inwoners (volkstelling 2010).

Plaats in Oost-Java


text:
Grantwood may refer to:

Grantwood Village, Missouri
Grantwood, New Jersey


text:
Génova är en ort i Colombia.   Den ligger i departementet Cauca, i den sydvästra delen av landet,  km sydväst om huvudstaden Bogotá. Génova ligger  meter över havet och antalet invånare är .

Terrängen runt Génova är kuperad söderut, men norrut är den bergig. Den högsta punkten i närheten är Cerro El Veneno,  meter över havet,  km söder om Génova. Runt Génova är det ganska tätbefolkat, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är San Pablo,  km norr om Génova. Trakten runt Génova består i huvudsak av gräsmarker.

Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är februari, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är juni, med  °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är maj, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är september, med  mm nederbörd.

Kommentarer

Källor

Orter i Cauca


text:
Az-Zâhir Sayf ad-Dîn Jaqmaq (1373-1453), Jaqmaq ou Tchakmak est un sultan mamelouk burjite qui règne en Égypte de 1438 à 1453.

Biographie

En 1438,  le sultan Barsbay décède et laisse le trône à son fils Yûsuf qui n'a que quinze ans. L'atabeg Jaqmaq  organise un complot par lequel il évince Yûsuf et obtient des émirs qu'il soit désigné comme sultan. Il a soixante-cinq ans.

Jaqmaq est un ancien mamelouk acheté par Barquq. Il gravit tous les échelons de la hiérarchie pour finir atabeg pendant le règne de Barsbay. Après avoir déposé Yûsuf, l'héritier du trône, il se heurte à un rival nommé Korkmas. Jaqmaq fait distribuer de l'or aussi bien à ses partisans qu'à ceux de Korkmas, ce dernier se retrouve abandonné de tous. Jaqmaq le fait arrêter et exécuter.

Jaqmaq doit faire face à la fronde des émirs de Syrie. Les gouverneurs de Damas et d'Alep se rallient à Yûsuf qui est parvenu à s'échapper du Caire. Yûsuf est repris et Jaqmaq l'exile à Alexandrie. Jaqmaq doit cependaznt combattre contre les deux émirs révoltés. Ils sont vaincus, et torturés.

Jaqmaq doit aussi faire face à la piraterie venue des îles chrétiennes Chypre et de Rhodes. En 1439, Jaqmaq lance une expédition contre ces deux îles mais sans grand succès. Un deuxième échec en 1442, l'incite à faire construire une flotte capable de mener un véritable assaut contre Rhodes. En , cette flotte part d'Égypte. Les villages sont détruits mais la forteresse résiste jusqu'à l'automne. Le commandant de la flotte finit par abandonner le siège. Les Hospitaliers semblent invincibles dans leur île. Après cet échec Jaqmaq va demeurer en paix avec ses voisins. Shah Rukh, fils et successeur de Tamerlan, au Khorasan envoie une ambassade au Caire. Il demande à Jaqmaq l'autorisation de fournir le voile (kiswa) de la Kaaba. Jaqmaq refuse puis accepte cette offre malgré l'opposition de l'opinion. Lorsque la veuve de Tamerlan arrive au Caire avec ce voile elle est reçue par des jets de pierres. Jaqmaq réprime cette révolte et permet à la veuve de Tamerlan de se rendre à La Mecque, mais le voile qu'elle a apporté ne recouvre la Kaaba qu'un seul jour.

Pendant cette période le véritable danger pour les Mamelouk c'est l'empire ottoman. En 1402, les ottomans ont été balayés par Tamerlan et le sultan Bayezid I fait prisonnier. Le retrait de Tamerlan hors d'Anatolie a permis à l'empire ottoman de se relever. Le , le sultan ottoman Murad II bat la « dernière grande croisade »  menée par le voïvode de Transylvanie Jean Hunyadi et son suzerain le roi de Pologne et roi de Hongrie Ladislas à la bataille de Varna. Cette victoire donne à Murad II un grand prestige dans tout le monde musulman.

En Anatolie le sultan du beylicat de Dulkadir, jusque-là vassal des Mamelouks, fait une alliance avec les ottomans, sa fille épouse le sultan ottoman Mehmed II Fatih.

En 1453, Jaqmaq, âgé de quatre-vingt ans, décède après avoir désigné son fils `Uthman comme successeur. Ses funérailles sont l'occasion de manifestations de deuil populaire.

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Burjites
 Mamelouk

Liens externes

   (Les Mamelouks burjites / Les Circassiens / Les Tcherkesses)

Bibliographie

Mamelouks
Naissance en 1373
Décès en février 1453
Chef de guerre musulman du XIVe siècle
Chef de guerre musulman du XVe siècle
Histoire de l'Égypte
Sultan mamelouk d'Égypte du XVe siècle


text:
La Universidad de Niágara (Niagara University -NU- en idioma inglés) es una universidad católica privada, de la Congregación de la Misión (Padres Paúles), ubicada en el condado de Niágara (Nueva York). Los Padres Paúles también dirigen otras dos universidades estadounidenses, la Universidad DePaul, y la Universidad St. John's.

Historia
La Congregación de la Misión fundó la Universidad de Niágara, en un principio, como seminario, con el nombre de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles. Se convirtió en Universidad de Niágara en 1883, para la instrucción de la juventud en las humanidades y en las ciencias. Desde entonces, la institución mantiene su tradición católica y enfatiza los estudios de letras y ciencias desde una perspectiva humanística.

Campus
Ocupa 160 acres en Monteagle Ridge, justo en el borde de la garganta del río Niágara, solamente 4 millas al norte de las famosas cataratas.

También tiene un campus en Vaughan (Ontario), Canadá, donde imparte un programa de bachelor y un máster.

Escuelas y facultades
La universidad tiene cinco facultades:
Facultad de Artes y Ciencias (college of Arts and Sciences)
Facultad de Administración de Empresas Holzschuh (Holzschuh College of Business Administration)
Facultad de Educación (college of Education)
Facultad de Hostelería y Turismo (college of Hospitality and Tourism Management)
Facultad de Enfermería (college of Nursing)

Vida estudiantil
La Oficina de Actividades del Campus administra infinidad de clubes y asociaciones de estudiantes y supervisa la Junta de Programas del Campus (Campus Programming Board), que organiza cientos de actividades, de manera que haya, al menos, una actividad diaria para ofrecer a los estudiantes, de forma gratuita, o a un coste muy bajo. También patrocina el periódico semanal, Niagara Index, que es el tercer periódico universitario más antiguo de los Estados Unidos. Este periódico nació el 1 de enero de 1870, como Niagara Tribute, pero latinizó su nombre a Index Niagarensis al año siguiente, el 1 de enero de 1871, y adoptó el definitivo Niagara Index el 15 de diciembre de 1874.

Deportes

NU mantiene 18 equipos en División I de la NCAA. Todos ellos compiten en la conferencia Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference a excepción del equipo de hockey sobre hielo masculino, que compite en la Atlantic Hockey.
NU compite en hombres en béisbol y hockey sobre hielo. En mujeres, lo hace en voleibol, atletismo, lacrosse y sófbol. Tanto en hombres como en mujeres, compite en campo a través, fútbol, baloncesto, tenis, golf y natación. El deporte donde NU ha destacado más en su historia ha sido el baloncesto masculino, donde mantiene una rivalidad deportiva histórica con las universidades católicas de Canisius (Jesuitas) y San Buenaventura (Franciscanos), en lo que se conoce como la liga de los tres pequeños (the little three). En hockey sobre hielo también se han conseguido, en los últimos años, importantes éxitos.

Antiguos alumnos destacados

 Joe Arlauckas, jugador de baloncesto.
 Hubie Brown, jugador de baloncesto.
 Larry Costello, jugador de baloncesto.
 Tremmell Darden, jugador de baloncesto
 Patrick Cowley, músico.
 William Joseph Donovan, creador de la OSS.
 Frank Layden, presidente de Utah Jazz.
 Michael J. Mc Givney, fundador de los Caballeros de Colón.
 Calvin Murphy, jugador de baloncesto.
 John O'Hara, escritor.
 David Michael O'Connell, obispo católico.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Web oficial

Universidad de Niágara


text:
Waroid is a proposal by Granberry and Vescelius (2004) linking Warao of Venezuela with the extinct Macoris and Guanahatabey languages of the Greater Antilles.

Languages
Waroid
Warao
Caribbean
Macoris (Macorix)
Upper Macoris
Lower Macoris
Guanahatabey

See also
Pre-Arawakan languages of the Greater Antilles

References

Proposed language families
Indigenous languages of the Americas


text:
El templo de Atenea en Paestum, también llamado templo de Ceres (datado de alrededor del 500 a.C.), es un templo griego ubicado en el yacimiento grecorromano de Paestum, en el municipio de Capaccio, en la provincia de Salerno, región italiana de Campania. Fue construido en el Santuario norte, en una posición diametralmente opuesta al Santuario sur, donde se encuentran el templo de Neptuno y la basílica.

Características
Construido sobre un relieve artificial del suelo, sobre un santuario anterior probablemente destruido por un incendio, tiene un frontón alto y un friso dórico en la fachada, decorado con metopas incrustadas en la piedra arenisca, sobre columnas dóricas ligeramente esbeltas. La estructura es más simple que la de los dos templos dedicados a Hera: tiene el pronaos y la cela pero carece del ádyton, que es la cámara del tesoro en la parte posterior de la cela.

Concebido siguiendo un esquema innovador de proporciones equilibradas, que se traducen en la relación de 6 columnas frontales y 13 laterales de igual tamaño y forma, el santuario presenta una suntuosa policromía.

El interior de los grandes pronaos tenía seis columnas de estilo jónico, de las cuales cuatro son frontales y dos laterales, de las que sólo quedan las bases y dos capiteles; estos últimos, como en el caso de la "basílica", surgen de un collar ornamentado. Parece ser el primer ejemplo de la presencia de los dos órdenes, el dórico y el jónico, en un mismo edificio, no solo en la columnata sino también en el entablamento y coronación del templo.

Casi nada queda de la cela profunda destinada a albergar la estatua de la diosa: solo se ven el piso elevado de aproximadamente un metro y las huellas de las escaleras laterales que probablemente conducían al techo.

Durante la excavación en profundidad de 1937, realizada por Amedeo Maiuri, salieron a la luz terracotas arquitectónicas que permitieron reconstruir la cubierta del edificio de época arcaica, una de las más antiguas de Poseidonia (nombre griego de Paestum).

Tradicionalmente, el templo se había atribuido a Ceres, pero tras el descubrimiento de numerosas estatuillas de terracota que representan a Atenea, se favorece una dedicación a esta deidad.

En la antigüedad tardía, alrededor del siglo VIII, la estructura se utilizó como iglesia: el santuario se cerró con muros entre las columnas, se derribaron los muros de la ceda y se utilizó el deambulatorio sur para entierros. Estas estructuras fueron eliminadas durante las campañas de excavación de la década de 1940.

Referencias

Arqueología de Italia
Arquitectura de Italia del siglo VI a. C.
Edificios y estructuras de Campania
Magna Grecia
Monumentos de Italia
Templos de Atenea
Yacimientos arqueológicos de Italia


text:
The Overseas Light Infantry Battalion () was an obscure and little known French formation of German prisoners of war and French collaborationists drawn from the French penal system and prisoner-of-war camps after World War II for colonial service. BILOM comprised a demi-brigade of three battalions, the first of which entered service on July 6, 1948 as the "1re Bataillon d'Infanterie légère d'Outre-Mer".

History
Envisaged as an occupation and policing force for France's overseas colonial possessions like French Guiana and French Polynesia, BILOM was conceived on May 27, 1948, when Minister of Justice André Marie sent a memorandum to the French prison system's regional directors enquiring as to the number of political prisoners who might be interested in serving overseas to "make amends vis-à-vis the nation".

BILOM units were not originally intended for the front line counter-insurgency campaigns they later fought, but rather, were viewed as replacements for the French Foreign Legion (FFL) troops deployed throughout the French colonial empire who were desperately needed in the First Indochina War.

The ranks of BILOM included former members of the German Wehrmacht, Waffen-SS, Kriegsmarine, and French collaborationist organizations like the Milice and the Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism (LVF), and Frenchmen who served voluntarily in the German armed forces, including in the SS Charlemagne Division.

Enlistments in BILOM would be for a period of three, four or five years, depending on the duration of the sentence remaining to be served. Prisoners with outstanding sentences longer than 15 years were ineligible, as were men over 40.

BILOM units were not part of the FFL, and they were structured as light infantry with no heavy weapons. And although the men would be released from prison, they were not offered legal amnesty—only a suspensive pardon. Furthermore, the former prisoners could not serve as their own officers, who would instead be French colonial troops. They were not eligible for promotion, wore no insignia and carried no pennant or unit flag. Nevertheless, according to Dr. Krisztian Bene of the University of Pécs, successful completion of one's enlistment in BILOM offered national outcasts the chance for "reintegration into French society".

By late August 1948, less than 500 volunteers had joined BILOM, after the French Communist Party (PCF) orchestrated a propaganda campaign against the brigade. The PCF sought to incite public hostility towards the government's effort, and demanded "vengeance, justice and punishment" of collaborators.

Disbandment
The BILOM was formally disbanded on 29 July 1949, although most of its personnel continued to serve in smaller detachments attached to locally recruited units in Southern Annam. They were eventually dispersed, some remaining with the French Army in Indochina and Algeria and other returning to civilian life.

See also
Battalions of Light Infantry of Africa

References

Infantry battalions of France
Military units and formations established in 1948
Penal system in France
1948 establishments in France


text:
Simone Vanni, né le  à Pise,  est un escrimeur italien pratiquant le fleuret. Il a été champion olympique avec l'équipe de fleuret masculin lors des Jeux olympiques d'été de 2004 à Athènes.

Biographie
Simone Vanni commence à pratiquer l'escrime en 1988 dans le club de l'US Pisascherma, un club d'escrime réputé de sa ville natale. Son premier maître d'armes est Luciana Di Ciolo. Dès le début de son apprentissage il choisit le fleuret comme arme de prédilection. Il brille chez les jeunes et remporte avec l'équipe de fleuret masculin la médaille d'or aux championnats du monde junior en 1998 au Venezuela.

1999 est sa meilleure année en catégorie junior. A Keszthely en Hongrie, il obtient sa première médaille individuelle, une médaille de bronze, aux championnats du monde juniors et une belle médaille d'argent dans l'épreuve par équipes. En 2001, à Nîmes,  il participe à ses premiers championnats du monde senior. Mais cette année-là son meilleur résultat est le titre de champion d'Europe gagné à Coblence.

La consécration arrive en 2002. A Lisbonne il remporte le championnat du monde en battant en finale l'allemand Andre Wessels sur le score de 15 à 6. En 2003 il est à deux doigts de réaliser l'exploit d'être le premier tireur italien à gagner deux fois de suite le championnat du monde de fleuret, mais il doit se contenter le la médaille d'argent. Il est en effet battu en finale 15-14 par l'allemand Peter Joppich.
Aux Jeux olympiques de 2004 il est battu en quart de finale par le français Brice Guyart mais joue un rôle déterminant dans la victoire de son équipe en finale des jeux contre la Chine.

Dans une équipe d'Italie resplendissante composée successivement de Salvatore Sanzo, Andrea Cassarà, Stefano Barrera et Andrea Baldini, Simone Vanni participe à la domination du fleuret italien sur l'escrime mondiale. Les titres se succèdent tant en épreuves individuelles que par équipes.

Palmarès

Sénior
 Jeux olympiques
  Médaille d'or par équipes aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2004 à Athènes

 Championnats du monde
  Médaille d'or en individuel aux championnats du monde 2002 à Lisbonne
  Médaille d'or par équipes aux championnats du monde 2003 de La Havane
  Médaille d'or par équipes aux championnats du monde 2009 d'Antalya
  Médaille d'argent en individuel aux championnats du monde 2003 de La Havane
  Médaille d'argent par équipes aux championnats du monde 2005 de Leipzig
  Médaille de bronze par équipes aux championnats du monde 2006 de Turin

 Championnats d'Europe
  Médaille d'or en individuel aux championnats d'Europe 2001 à Coblence
  Médaille d'or par équipes aux championnats d'Europe 2002 à Moscou
  Médaille d'or par équipes aux championnats d'Europe 2005 à Zalaegerszeg
  Médaille d'or par équipes aux championnats d'Europe 2008 à Kiev
  Médaille de bronze par équipes aux championnats d'Europe 2007 à Gand

 Coupe d'Europe des clubs champions
  Médaille d'or à la Coupe d'Europe des clubs champions 2006 et 2007 (Fiamme d'Oro)

 Universiades
  Médaille d'argent par équipes à l'Universiade d'été de 2001 à Pékin
  Médaille d'argent par équipes à l'Universiade d'été de 2005 à Izmir

 Championnats d'Italie
  Médaille d'or par équipes aux championnats d'Italie 2002
  Médaille d'argent en individuel aux championnats d'Italie 2001
  Médaille d'argent par équipes aux championnats d'Italie 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006 et 2007
  Médaille de bronze en individuel aux championnats d'Italie 2003, 2005, 2006 et 2007

Junior
 Championnats du monde juniors
  Médaille d'argent par équipes aux championnats du monde juniors 1999
  Médaille de bronze par équipes aux championnats du monde juniors 1998
  Médaille de bronze en individuel aux championnats du monde juniors 1999

 Championnats d'Europe juniors
  Médaille d'argent en individuel aux championnats d'Europe juniors 1999
  Médaille d'argent par équipes aux championnats d'Europe juniors 1999
  Médaille de bronze en individuel aux championnats d'Europe juniors 1998

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance à Pise
Naissance en février 1979
Fleurettiste italien
Champion d'Europe d'escrime
Champion du monde d'escrime
Escrimeur aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2004
Escrimeur aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2008
Champion olympique d'escrime
Champion olympique italien


text:
Barbara Steinman D.F.A. (born February 3, 1950) is a Canadian artist known for her work in video and installation art.

Biography
Steinman was born in Montreal, Quebec in 1950. She began her career as a pioneering videotape artist in Vancouver in the late seventies and evolved into creating elaborate video and multimedia installations. After returning to Montreal in 1980, her video sculptures and installations received international recognition and were included in major exhibitions and biennials. As in Vancouver, Steinman was involved with Montreal's video and alternate art production: she was co-director of Vidéo Véhicule, the centre for independent media arts production, and also a director of the artist-run La Centrale / Powerhouse Gallery.

A common theme in Steinman's work is the fate of the disenfranchised and the dispossessed. In 2019, Whitehot Magazine of Contemporary Art wrote that she "effectively memorialises subjects denied a common name, a concrete identity, a reasonable life." She works in multiple media, including video, photography, neon, and installation art.

Exhibitions and Commissions
Steinman's artworks have been shown in exhibitions in Canada and internationally, including the biennials of Seoul, Sydney, São Paulo and Aperto in Venice, as well as exhibitions at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York, the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam, the Tate Liverpool in England, the Art Gallery of Ontario (AGO) in Toronto and the National Gallery of Canada. In 2021, she had a show of images of flowers in various stages of their life cycles titled Keeping Time at the Olga Korper Gallery in Toronto which represents her. She was inspired to start this subject as a way to mark the passage of time during a year of lockdown in Montreal caused by Covid-19 and then it became about time itself.

Her public art projects have received widespread recognition, including the award for Design Excellence for an outdoor public artwork in Vancouver (1998), a commissioned work for Canada House (Berlin) (2005), and the design of a featured artwork for the Canadian Embassy in Moscow (2010).

Public Collections
Her work is included in the collections of the Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal and the National Gallery of Canada. as well as in the Collection Fonds national d'art contemporain (FNAC), Paris; Maison européenne de la photographie, Paris; the Seoul Metropolitan Museum, Seoul; Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec; Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto; the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Montréal; Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montréal; Canadian War Museum, Ottawa; Canada Council Art Bank, Ottawa; Collection Prêt d'œuvres d'art du Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec, Québec; Museum London, London, ON; Art Gallery of Hamilton; MacKenzie Art Gallery, Regina;; Vancouver Art Gallery; Winnipeg Art Gallery; Art Gallery of Windsor; Rare Books and Special Collections, McGill University, Montréal; and the Donovan Collection, St. Michael's College, University of Toronto, Toronto.

Awards
Barbara Steinman received the Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts (2002) and was awarded an honorary doctorate from Concordia University in Montreal (2015). In 2022, she was awarded the Paul-Émile-Borduas Prize.

References

Further reading

1950 births
Living people
20th-century Canadian photographers
20th-century Canadian women artists
21st-century Canadian photographers
21st-century Canadian women artists
Artists from Montreal
Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts winners


text:
Pelomys hopkinsi és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels múrids. Viu a Kenya, Ruanda, Uganda i, possiblement, Burundi i Tanzània. El seu hàbitat natural són els aiguamolls. Es desconeix si hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie. L'espècie fou anomenada en honor de l'entomòleg anglès George Henry Evans Hopkins.

Referències

hopkinsi


text:
La province de Livourne (en ) est une province italienne de Toscane. Sa capitale est Livourne.

Géographie
La province de Livourne a une aire de  et une population totale de  (en 2010). Cette province est composée de 19 communes.

Histoire

Nature

Économie
 Bolgheri (DOC)

Culture

Tourisme

Administration

Notes et références

Voir aussi
 Communes de la province de Livourne


text:
Vezzano Ligure (, locally ) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of La Spezia in the Italian region of Liguria, located about  southeast of Genoa and about  northeast of La Spezia.

Vezzano Ligure borders the following municipalities: Arcola, Bolano, Follo, La Spezia, Santo Stefano di Magra, Sarzana.

Main sights

Church of Nostra Signora del Soccorso (18th century)
Romanesque church of Santa Maria Assunta (12th century)
Parish church of San Sebastiano and Santa Maria Assunta (17th century)
Pentagonal tower (13th century)
Remains of the castle of Vezzano Superiore

Economy

Agriculture includes vines and olive trees with consequent production of grapes, wine and olive oil. Tourism is also active, as well as service companies working for the La Spezia intermodal port.

Transport

Vezzano Ligure is served by a railway station on the lines Genoa-Rome and Parma-La Spezia located downhill from the center of the old town.

The nearest motorway is the A15 with a marked westbound exit and eastbound entrance between Santo Stefano and La Spezia.

See also
Liguria wine

References

External links
 Official website

Cities and towns in Liguria


text:
Anopheles albitarsis är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Lynch Arribalzaga 1878. Anopheles albitarsis ingår i släktet Anopheles och familjen stickmyggor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Stickmyggor
albitarsis


text:
Le centre hospitalier Jacques Cœur de Bourges, souvent appelé centre hospitalier Jacques Cœur, est un établissement public de santé situé à Bourges, dans le département du Cher, en région Centre-Val de Loire.

Histoire

À Bourges, la présence d'un Hôtel-Dieu pour les malades, appelé Maison-Dieu, remonte à 591, il était alors situé à proximité de la cathédrale. La construction de l'Hôtel-Dieu rue Gambon remonte au début du  après le grand incendie qui détruisit, en 1487, une grande partie de la ville.

Le site de l'hôpital Jacques Cœur a ouvert en novembre 1994 et celui de l'hôpital Taillegrain a été renommé ainsi en 1996.

Établissements

Le centre hospitalier Jacques Cœur se répartit sur deux sites :

 Le centre hospitalier Jacques Cœur, situé avenue François Mitterrand ;
 L'hôpital Taillegrain, ancien hôpital général, spécialisé dans la prise en charge des personnes âgées.

Plateau technique
Le centre hospitalier Jacques Cœur dispose d'un plateau technique composé de :

 2 appareils d'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM), dont 1 en co-utilisation
 2 appareils de tomodensitométrie (scanners)
 2 salles de coronarographie et d'angioplastie coronaire
 22 postes de dialyse

Les blocs de l'établissement se répartissent comme suit :

 1 bloc opératoire central de 9 salles
 1 bloc d'ophtalmologie de 1 salle
 1 bloc obstétrique composé de 4 salles de travail et de 1 salle de césarienne

Ressources humaines

Organisation
Le centre hospitalier Jacques Cœur est dirigé par Agnès Cornillault depuis 2013.

Budget

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Articles connexes
 Hôtel-Dieu de Bourges

Bourges
Hôpital en Centre-Val de Loire


text:
Мото́рна — залізничний пасажирський зупинний пункт Харківської дирекції Південної залізниці на лінії Харків-Пасажирський — Грани. Розташований між зупинним пунктом Лозовенька та залізничною станцією Дергачі. Зупинна платформа розташована на початку міста Дергачі біля Дергачівського моторобудівного заводу. На станції зупиняються лише приміські потяги. Паралельно станції проходить траса .

Напрямок Харків — Бєлгород обслуговується Харківським депо «Харків-Головне» (колишнє «Жовтень») (локомотиви ЕР2, ЕР2Р, ЕР2Т) та Бєлгородським депо «Бєлгород-Курський» (локомотиви ЕР2, ЕД4, ЕЭД4М).

Відстань до станції Харків-Пасажирський — 11 км.

Примітки

Посилання
 Розклад руху приміських поїздів по станції «Моторна»

Джерела
 Харків-транспортний

Зупинні пункти Південної залізниці
Транспорт Дергачів
Зупинні пункти Харківської області