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, nicknamed , is the protagonist from One's manga series Mob Psycho 100. Shigeo Kageyama is an average middle school-aged boy. Although he looks like an inconspicuous person, he is in fact a powerful esper with immense psychic power. To keep from losing control of this power, he constantly lives a life under an emotional shackle. In order to help learn how to control his abilities, Mob works as an assistant to con-man Reigen Arataka, a self-proclaimed spirit medium. Mob wants to live a normal life just like those around him, but a barrage of trouble keeps coming after him. With his suppressed emotions growing inside Mob little by little, his power threatens to break through its limits as he eventually encounters other espers like the Claws.

One created Mob as a contrast to his previous protagonist from One Punch Man, Saitama, aiming to portray Mob as a weak hero who still gets involved in several fights and forms new relationships thanks to his kindness. The character is voiced by Setsuo Ito in Japanese. In the first two seasons, he was voiced by Kyle McCarley in English. In the live-action series adaptation, he is portrayed by Tatsuomi Hamada.

Critical response to Shigeo Kageyama has been generally positive, for proving to be an unconventional anime protagonist due to his rejection of his super powers and desire to focus on other parts of his life in order to become popular. Despite giving such attitude, Mob was praised for his dynamic with his mentor Reigen and how he often ends up taking part in interesting fight scenes or comedy.

Creation

Mob was created by manga artist One as a contrast to the strong character Saitama, who is the protagonist of his earlier One-Punch Man. Unlike Saitama, Mob is weak and delicate. As a result, he is supported by the rest of the characters starring in the series. Mob was written to come across as a nice person, fit of being an ideal protagonist; Instead of running away from scary situations people, Mob faces his nemesis to the point of being heroic. However, Mob is "meant to come off as somewhat standoffish or nerdy". When Bones announced they would adapt the manga series, One requested that Mob's characterization be faithful to the original series. According to Comic Book Resources, One said that Mob was based on himself during his youth as he barely expressed his desires of becoming a manga artist during his time at school.

Director Yuzuru Tachikawa said Mob carries realistic traits for an anime protagonist as he is only interested in becoming a popular student. Director Yoshimichi Kameda also relates to Mob due to their poor confidence on themselves and thus are unable to properly express themselves. For the adaptation of the manga, the anime staff wanted to properly focus on Mob's character and how, little by little, he starts relying more on his powers to defend himself. The second season was made with need of Mob facing more supernatural beings. Tachikawa also finds unique how Mob rejects his supernatural powers. Answering to Tachikawa, One said that the concept behind the series comes from Mob's kindness and connections. When it turned into a fighting series, One came up with the idea of Mob having esper powers for slice of life chapters. Nevertheless, the protagonist's kindness remained intact due to how he changes people's lives citing Dimple's changes of personality after meeting Mob.

Casting
Mob is voiced by Setsuo Ito. He recalls being nervous during recording for the first episode of the first season, to the point he barely slept in the previous day. During the auditions, Ito was surprised by the other actors working in the series who kept supporting him. Still, the actor was not able to be more healthy until the eighth episode of the first season. Ito was glad that Reigen was voiced by Takahiro Sakurai as he admired him from a very young age giving him more parallels to the relationship between the duo. One was glad with Ito's performance, claiming he fits Mob's personality.

According the actor, Mob's growth is moderate with one example being when he joins the body-building club and starts working out. That's just one example of how what you see on screen over time allow his character to change, which appealed to the voice actor. Since he was performing the same character in the plays, Ito's feelings involving the protagonist remained similar but with a different atmosphere as he was working with from anime voice actors to stage actors. The atmosphere of being on stage and surrounded by an audience was also different. By the time the third season was green-lighted, Ito was glad with how much work he has been doing, feeling he became more confident in the past years and came to like more his character as well as his relationship with Reigen.

For the English dub of the series, Mob was voiced by Kyle McCarley who voiced him in the first two seasons but expressed doubts as redoing his work for the third. In the stage play, Mob is portrayed by Ito again. Tatsuomi Hamada portrays Mob in live-Action Drama.

Appearances

Mob Psycho 100
Mob is an eighth grade Esper with powerful psychic abilities. His bowl-cut hairstyle is his defining physical feature. He is not good at reading the atmosphere, and since childhood, has rarely felt or displayed intense emotion, typically having a dull expression on his face. He thinks his power is unnecessary in his life, so he avoids using it. He suppresses his emotions to keep his power in control, but when the percentage of his accumulated feelings reaches 100, he is overcome by the strongest emotion he currently feeling and unleashes the full extent of his powers. He works at Reigen's spirit counsel for 300 yen an hour. After being begged to join the Telepathy Club to prevent their dissolution, he instead chose to join the Body Improvement Club hoping not only to impress his secret love, Tsubomi, but also to improve himself as a person. He is credited as Salt Middle School's urabanchō (裏番長 is roughly translated as "secret school gang leader") known as White T Poison, but this remains unknown to many including himself. Mob also possesses an unknown power which far surpasses even the height of his abilities, but is uncontrollable and only awakens when unconscious, and is called ???%.

During the narrative, Mob encounters Claw, a criminal organization composed of many other Espers, gathering others with psychic powers for their scheme to achieve world domination. Group leader Touichirou Suzuki with their top agents battle Mob and his friends. While Teru and Ritsu fight against the Scars, Mob is stressed whether to use his psychic powers to save his friends or to run away as advised by Reigen. Reigen eventually calms him and accidentally absorbs his powers to take over the fight against the Scars.

Mob, showing his kindness to Toichiro, redirects the power into his body, leading to a seemingly smaller explosion that keeps the city safe. In the aftermath, Toichiro admits his mistake and allows himself to be taken into custody, after apologizing to Sho. On television, it is shown that the apparent huge explosion actually caused the sudden growth of the broccoli seed that Mob kept in his shirt pocket, forming the Divine Tree.

The broccoli tree's power is absorbed by Dimple to fulfill his wish to become a god. Having heard of this Mob convinces Dimple to stop with what he is doing, and refrains from using his psychic powers during their talk. After learning Tsubomi would leave school, Mob decides to confess his love to her but nearly dies on the way in an accident. This causes the return of ???% who starts destroying the city. As his friends fail to save, Mob's consciousness manages to contact ???% who reveals himself as Mob's surpressed emotions. As ???% reveals he fears to confront Reigen as he knows he is just using them for his own personal benefit, Mob is confronted by Reigen. Reigen confesses to Mob that he has been using him but still believes none of them are special just for having different skills. This causes Mob to accept himself and absorb with ???% After recovering his persona, Mob confesses his feelings to Tsubomi but is rejected. In the ending of the series, Shigeo becomes vice-president of the Body Improvement Club, where he first welcomes new students. Then, he walks with Ritsu and Teruki to Reigen's birthday party showing that he is now in control of his emotions and powers.

Original video animations
In the Mob Psycho 100 first original video animation Mob and his friend help Reigen write a book involving his life and accomplishments. With his crowd funding campaign only receiving 2500 yen (which were Reigen's own), he uses the money to treat Mob to ramen.

In the second original video animation, Mob joins his friends to help Reigen with a job in the hot springs. They are encouraged by the head of the springs to take it easy for the day, where they learn of the spirit Ihoben, famous for blocking the entrance to a parallel world where they are. Reigen desperately tries to figure out what is up in the other dimension but finds himself stuck in a never-ending loop on the train, while Serizawa learns he can travel in and out with ease. After many days trapped alone on the train, with it being just a few hours in the real life, Reigen figures out what Serizawa has been doing and gets him to bring Mob and the others to help.

Reception
Mob's character has often been the subject of positive response by journalists for manga and anime. Den of Geek stated that he might come across as the standard anime hero due to the concept involving his powers, he subverts expectations as he spends most of his screentime rejecting his powers and instead working out to improve his physical condition and be more popular. The fact that his emotional state change when dealing with experiences was also noted to stand out in the series and felt that his mentor Reigen was nearly his opposite.

The fight sequences of the manga proper choreography and that the anime instead improved them. On the other hand, Lauren Orsini commended the coming-of-age story of Mob. The performances of Setsuo Ito and Kyle McCarley were praised by Anime News Network for giving their own take on the protagonist. Manga.Tokyo also praised Ito's work as the writer was shocked by Bones' decision to cast relatively newcomer actor for the protagonist in contrast to the rest of the series' cast. Reviewers also commented on Mob's relationship with Reigen. Otaku USA also liked Mob's powers and how much build up the narrative gives to each encounter he has. The same site contrasted him with his predecessor Saitama due to how the humor often relies on Mob's social life but Reigen's antics manages to balance the series' comedy. Espinof found Mob easily likable due to how he deals with comical cases with Reigen and how across each episode he matures. The fight scenes he is involved were often praised too due to how well they are directed by Bones. Anime UK News also found several differences between Mob and Saitama despite their similar designs created by One as they noted the two protagonists do different things with their powers. On a more negative point, Anime UK News felt that the supporting cast, most notably Reigen, was more interesting than Mob. Nevertheless, the way the series explores Mob's and Reigen's relationship was also the subject of praise due to their caring natures and how honest the former comes across.

Critics also focused on Mob's growth. In a feature article of the series, Otaku USA said that Mob's character carries several lessons aimed towards the viewers such as dealing with his emotions, appreciating their own worths, among others. Anime News Network also praised the growth of Mob in the second season. By the end of the anime's second season, IGN wrote that the series has been developing Mob's personality across each arc with his own powers leading to a comical way to start the third season: knowing what to do when graduating. IGN praised this story for giving the protagonist ideas with what to do with his life while also generating commentary about identity crisis with jokes included. Comic Book Resources also found Mob's story in the third season appealing due to how he is only concerned about helping his school while Reigen and other characters are facing spirits.

Mob's character was also popular. Otakuzine Anime Magazine listed Mob as one of the best exorcist in anime history, comparing how his powers contradict his weak personality. In a Gin-Iro-Neko Tea Salon in Ginza during 2020, tea was served with Mob's image. Comic Book Resources also listed Mob as one of the best psychics in anime due to the potential of his powers. In the 1st Crunchyroll Anime Awards, the anime series received the Best Fight Scene Mob's battle against Koyama.

Analysis
In the "Existentialism and the beauty of sublime in manga and anime Mob Psycho 100" Khawla Khelaifia from Larbi Ben M'hidi University of Oum El Bouaghi explored the character's personality. Khelaifia states the series delivers a proper message with Mob's social form as he seems to act like a normal teenager who relies on classes to attract his crush. In contrast, in the manga, there are unprecedented emotions which can be magnified
into something lethal. However, despite experiencing these emotions, Mob proves his superpowers do not make him character, but rather his kind demeanor that allows him to form friendship. Praise was given to One's writing for how Mob is able to interact with other members from the cast as well as how he understands that his powers as dangerous to use. Through this writing, Mob is seen as a teenager capable of committing wealth and never becomes selfish and be immune to selfish.

Cultural impact
In September 2020, the series went viral after American businessman Eric Trump, son of then-President Donald Trump, published a tweet connecting the series to allegations of censorship by Google, due to Google Search results for "mob" showing Mob's face rather than a group of people.

References

External links

Anime and manga telepaths
Child characters in anime and manga
Child superheroes
Comics characters introduced in 2012
Fictional characters with extrasensory perception
Fictional demon hunters
Fictional exorcists
Fictional ghost hunters
Fictional Japanese people in anime and manga
Fictional middle school students
Fictional occult and psychic detectives
Fictional paranormal investigators
Fictional psychics
Fictional telekinetics
Male characters in anime and manga
Teenage characters in anime and manga
Teenage superheroes


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A 7ª edição anual do Festival Internacional de Cinema de Berlim foi realizado entre os dias 21 de junho a 2 de julho de 1957. A Federação Internacional de Críticos de Cinema concedeu o Prêmio FIPRESCI pela primeira vez no festival deste ano. O Urso de Ouro foi concedido ao filme norte-americano 12 Angry Men, dirigido por Sidney Lumet.

Júri
As seguintes pessoas foram anunciados como jurados do festival:
 Jay Carmody (chefe do júri)
 Jean de Baroncelli
 John Sutro
 Dalpathal Kothari
 Fernaldo Di Giammatteo
 Bunzaburo Hayashi
 Miguel Alemán hijo
 Thorsten Eklann
 José María Escudero
 Edmund Luft
 Ernst Schröder

Filmes em competição
Os seguintes filmes competiram pelos prêmios Urso de Ouro e Urso de Prata:
{| class="wikitable" width="550" colspan="1"
| style="background:#FFDEAD;" align="center"| †
|Vencedor do prêmio principal de melhor filme em sua seção
|}

Prêmios
Os seguintes prêmios foram concedidos pelo Júri:
 Urso de Ouro: 12 Angry Men por Sidney Lumet
 Urso de Prata de Melhor Diretor: Mario Monicelli por Padri e figli
 Urso de Prata de Melhor Atriz: Yvonne Mitchell por Woman in a Dressing Gown
 Urso de Prata de Melhor Ator: Pedro Infante por Tizoc
 Prêmio Extraordinário do Urso de Prata do Júri: Amanecer en Puerta Oscura por José María Forqué
 Prémio Extraordinário do Urso de Prata do Júri: Kabuliwala por Tapan Sinha
Prêmio FIPRESCI
Woman in a Dressing Gown por J. Lee Thompson
Menção Honrosa: Be Dear to Me por Annelise Hovmand
Prêmio OCIC
12 Angry Men por Sidney Lumet
Menção Especial: Woman in a Dressing Gown por J. Lee Thompson

Ligações externas
 Festival Internacional de Cinema de Berlim 1957  no FilmAffinity
Festival Internacional de Cinema de Berlim 1957  no Berlinale

07
Festivais de filmes de  1957

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Wadel Abdelkader Kamouugué (20 de maio de 1939 - 9 de maio de 2011) foi um político e oficial do exército chadiano. Originário do sul do país, Kamouugué foi uma figura importante no golpe de Estado de 1975 que derrubou o presidente François Tombalbaye e posteriormente ocupou vários cargos no governo e no legislativo do Chade. Foi vice-presidente do Chade de 1979 a 1982 e presidente da Assembleia Nacional de 1997 a 2002. Kamougué também foi presidente do partido político União para a Renovação e a Democracia (URD) e foi nomeado ministro da Defesa Nacional em abril de 2008.

Faleceu em 9 de maio de 2011 após uma parada cardíaca na região de Koumra, no sul do Chade.

Militares do Chade
Políticos do Chade


text:
De 39e uitreiking van de jaarlijkse Grammy Awards vond plaats op 26 februari 1997 in Madison Square Garden in New York. De uitreiking werd gepresenteerd door comedienne Ellen DeGeneres en uitgezonden door CBS.

Als er ooit een Grammy-editie is geweest waarin jong en oud elkaar ontmoetten, was het deze wel. Aan de ene kant was er de 14-jarige LeAnn Rimes die twee Grammy's won, onder meer voor Best New Artist. Zij is nog altijd de jongste solowinnaar in de Grammy-historie (zij nam het record over van de zanger Luis Miguel, die een half jaar ouder was toen hij in 1984 zijn eerste Grammy won). Aan de andere kant waren er nogal wat oudgedienden die wonnen: de 77-jarige Pete Seeger won een Grammy in de folk-categorie, terwijl dirigent Pierre Boulez (toen 71) opnieuw een Grammy won in de klassieke categorieën. Zijn totaal was inmiddels gegroeid tot 24 stuks.

Een band die al sinds 1968 niets had gewonnen en al 27 jaar uit elkaar was, kreeg in 1997 drie Grammy's: The Beatles wonnen een Grammy als beste popgroep met Free as a Bird, en twee in de video-categorieën (voor de clip van Free as a Bird en de documentaire The Beatles Anthology).

De meeste Grammy's werden gewonnen door Eric Clapton en producer Babyface, die beiden met drie onderscheidingen naar huis gingen. Eric kreeg ze voor Record of the Year en beste popzanger voor Change the World, en voor de beste rockinstrumental voor SRV Shuffle (een ode aan Stevie Ray Vaughan). (Change the World won ook nog een derde Grammy voor de componisten ervan). Babyface won voor zijn productiewerk voor Clapton, voor het schrijven van Exhale (Shoop Shoop) van Whitney Houston en als producer van het jaar.

Tien andere artiesten wonnen 2 Grammy's, onder wie Sheryl Crow, Fugees, Celine Dion (onder meer Album of the Year voor Falling Into You), LeAnn Rimes en Beck.

Een opvallende winnares was 'first lady' Hillary Rodham Clinton, die een Grammy kreeg in de categorie voor beste gesproken-woordopname. Haar reactie toen ze de Grammy in ontvangst nam: "Nooit gedacht dat iemand die geen noot kan zingen tóch zo'n prijs krijgt!"

Winnaars

Algemeen
Record of the Year
"Change The World" - Eric Clapton (artiest); Babyface (producer)
Album of the Year
"Falling Into You" - Celine Dion
Roy Bittan, Jeff Bova, David Foster, Humberto Gatica, Jean-Jacques Goldman, Rick Hahn, Dan Hill, John Jones, Aldo Nova, Rick Nowels, Steven Rinkoff, Billy Steinberg, Jim Steinman & Ric Wake (producers)
Song of the Year
Gordon Kennedy, Wayne Kirkpatrick & Tommy Sims (componisten) voor Change The World, uitvoerende: Eric Clapton
Best New Artist
LeAnn Rimes

Pop
Best Pop Vocal Performance (zangeres)
"Unbreak my Heart" - Toni Braxton
Best Pop Vocal Performance (zanger)
"Change The World" - Eric Clapton
Best Pop Vocal Performance (duo/groep)
"Free as a Bird" - The Beatles
Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals (Beste eenmalige samenwerking)
"When I Fall in Love" - Natalie Cole
Dit was een duet met Nat King Cole, maar omdat zijn stem een bestaande opname vormde (uit de jaren 60) kwam hij (postuum) niet in aanmerking voor een Grammy
Best Pop Instrumental Performance
"The Sinister Minister" - Béla Fleck & The Flecktones
Best Pop Album
"Falling Into You" - Celine Dion

Country
Best Country Vocal Performance (zangeres)
"Blue" - LeAnn Rimes
Best Country Vocal Performance (zanger)
"Worlds Apart" - Vince Gill
Best Country Vocal Performance (duo/groep)
"My Maria" - Brooks & Dunn
Best Country Collaboration with Vocals
"High Lonesome Sound" - Vince Gill & Alison Krauss & Union Station
Best Country Instrumental Performance
"Jam Man" - Chet Atkins
Best Country Song
Bill Mack (componist) voor Blue, uitvoerende: LeAnn Rimes
Best Country Album
"The Road to Ensenada" - Lyle Lovett
Best Bluegrass Album
"True Life Blues: The Songs of Bill Monroe" - Todd Philips (producer), uitvoerenden: diverse artiesten

R&B
Best R&B Vocal Performance (zangeres)
"You're Makin' me High" - Toni Braxton
Best R&B Vocal Performance (zanger)
"Your Secret Love" - Luther Vandross
Best R&B Vocal Performance (duo/groep)
"Killing Me Softly With His Song" - Fugees
Best R&B Song
Babyface (componist) voor Exhale (Shoop Shoop), uitvoerende: Whitney Houston
Best R&B Album
"Words" - Tony Rich Project

Rap
Best Rap Solo Performance
"Hey Lover" - LL Cool J
Best Rap Duo/Group Performance
"Tha Crossroads" - Bone Thugs-n-Harmony
Best Rap Album
"The Score" - Fugees

Rock
Best Rock Vocal Performance (zangeres)
"If It Makes You Happy" - Sheryl Crow
Best Rock Vocal Performance (zanger)
"Where It's At" - Beck
Best Rock Vocal Performance (duo/groep)
"So Much To Say" - Dave Matthews Band
Best Rock Instrumental Performance
"SRV Shuffle" - Art Neville, B.B. King, Bonnie Raitt, Buddy Guy, Dr. John, Eric Clapton, Jimmie Vaughan & Robert Cray
Best Hard Rock Performance
"Bullet with Butterfly Wings" - Smashing Pumpkins
Best Metal Performance
"Tire Me" - Rage Against the Machine
Best Rock Song
Tracy Chapman (componist) voor Give Me One Reason, uitvoerende: Tracy Chapman
Best Rock Album
"Sheryl Crow" - Sheryl Crow

Traditional Pop
Best Traditional Pop Vocal Performance
"Here's to the Ladies" - Tony Bennett

Alternative
Best Alternative Music Performance
"Odelay" - Beck

Blues
Best Traditional Blues Album (traditioneel)
"Deep in the Blues" - James Cotton
Best Contemporary Blues Album (eigentijds)
"Just Like You" - Keb' Mo'

Folk
Best Traditional Folk Album
"Pete" - Pete Seeger
Best Contemporary Folk Album
"The Ghost of Tom Joad" - Bruce Springsteen

Polka
Best Polka Album
"Polka! All Night Long" - Jimmy Sturr

Latin
Beste latin pop-optreden
"Enrique Iglesias" - Enrique Iglesias
Best Tropical Latin Performance
"La Rosa de los Vientos" - Rubén Blades
Best Mexican-American/Tejano Music Performance
"Un Million de Rosas" - La Mafia

Reggae
Best Reggae Album
"Hallo of Fame: A Tribute to Bob Marley's 50th Anniversary" - Bunny Wailer

Gospel
Best Pop/Contemporary Gospel Album
"Tribute - The Songs of Andrae Crouch" - Neal Joseph & Norman Miller (producers/samenstellers)
Best Rock Gospel Album
"Jesus Freak" - dc Talk
Best Traditional Soul Gospel Album
"Face to Face" - Cissy Houston
Best Contemporary Soul Gospel Album
"Whatcha Lookin' 4" - Kirk Franklin
Best Southern Gospel, Country Gospel or Bluegrass Gospel Album
"I Love To Tell The Story - 25 Timeless Hymns" - Andy Griffith
Best Gospel Album by a Choir or Chorus
"Just a Word" - Shirley Caesar (dirigente); uitvoerenden: Shirley Ceasar's Outreach Convention Choir

Jazz
Best Jazz Instrumental Solo
"Cabin Fever" - Michael Brecker
Best Jazz Instrumental Performance (solist/groep)
"Tales From the Hudson" - Michael Brecker
Best Large Jazz Ensemble Performance (big band)
"Live at Manchester Craftsmen's Guild" - Grover Mitchell
Best Jazz Vocal Performance
"New Moon Daughter" - Cassandra Wilson
Best Contemporary Jazz Performance
"High Life" - Wayne Shorter
Best Latin Jazz Performance
"Portraits of Cuba" - Paquito d'Rivera

New Age
Best New Age Album
"The Memory of Trees" - Enya

Wereldmuziek
Best World Music Album
"Santiago" - Chieftains

Klassieke muziek
Vetgedrukte namen ontvingen een Grammy. Overige uitvoerenden, zoals orkesten, solisten e.d., die niet in aanmerking kwamen voor een Grammy, staan in kleine letters vermeld.

Best Orchestral Performance
"Prokofiev: Romeo and Juliet (Scenes From The Ballet)" - Michael Tilson Thomas (dirigent)
San Francisco Symphony, orkest
Best Classical Vocal Performance
"Opera Arias - Works of Mozart, Wagner, Borodin" - Bryn Terfel (solist)
Metropolitan Opera Orchestra o.l.v. James Levine
Best Opera Recording
"Britten: Peter Grimes" - Alan Opie, Janice Watson & Philip Langridge (solisten); Richard Rickox (dirigent); Brian Couzens (producer)
London Symphony Chorus (koor); City of London Sinfonia (orkest)
Best Choral Performance
"Walton: Belshazzar's Feast" - David Hill & Neville Creed (koordirigenten); Andrew Litton (orkestdirigent)
Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra & Chorus (koor & orkest)
Best Instrumental Soloist(s) Performance (With Orchestra) (Beste uitvoering van een solist met orkestbegeleiding)
"Bartók: The Three Piano Concertos" - Yefin Bronfman (solist)
Los Angeles Philharmonic o.l.v. Esa-Pekka Salonen
Best Instrumental Soloist Performance (Without Orchestra) (Beste uitvoering van een solist zonder orkestbegeleiding)
"The Romantic Master - Works of Saint-Saëns, Händel)" - Earl Wild
Best Small Ensemble Performance (with or without conductor)
"Boulez: ...Explosante-Fixe..." - Ensemble Inter-Contemporain o.l.v. Piere Boulez
Best Chamber Music Performance (kamermuziek)
"Corigliano: String Quartet" - The Cleveland Quartet
Best Classical Contemporary Composition
John Corigliano (componist) voor Corigliano: String Quartet, uitvoerende: The Cleveland Quartet
Best Classical Album
"Corigliano: Of Rage and Remembrance" - Leonard Slatkin (dirigent); Joanna Nickrenz (producer)
The Washington Choral Arts Society Male Chorus (koor), the Washington Oratorio Society Male Chorus (koor), National Symphony Orchestra, Michelle de Young (soliste) e.a.

Composing & Arranging (Compositie & arrangementen)
Best Instrumental Composition
Herbie Hancock & Jean Hancock (componisten) voor Manhattan (Island of Lights and Love), uitvoerende: Herbie Hancock
Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television (Beste song voor tv- of filmsoundtrack)
Diane Warren (componist) voor Because You Loved Me, uitvoerende: Celine Dion
Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or Television (Beste instrumentale compositie voor tv- of filmsoundtrack)
David Arnold (componist) voor Independence Day
Best Instrumental Arrangement
Michael Kamen (arrangeur) voor An American Symphony (Mr Holland's Opus)
Best Instrumental Arrangement with Accompanying Vocal(s) (Beste instrumentale arrangement met zang)
Alan Broadbent & David Foster (arrangeurs) voor When I Fall in Love, uitvoerenden: Natalie Cole & Nat 'King' Cole

Kinderrepertoire
Best Musical Album for Children
"Dedicated to the One I Love" - Linda Ronstadt (artiest); George Massenburg (producer)
Best Spoken Word Album for Children
"Stellaluna" - David Holt (artiest); Virginia Callaway & Steven Heller (producers)

Musical
Best Musical Show Album
"Riverdance - Music from the Show" - Bill Whelan

Hoezen
Best Recording Package
Andy Engel & Tommy Steele (ontwerpers) voor Ultra-Lounge (Leopard Skin Sampler), uitvoerenden: Diverse artiesten
Best Boxed Recording Package
Arnold Levine & Chika Azuma (ontwerpers) voor The Complete Columbia Studio Recordings, uitvoerenden: Miles Davis & Gil Evans
Best Album Notes (Beste hoestekst)
Bill Kirchner, Bob Belden, George Avakian & Phil Schaap (schrijvers) voor The Complete Columbia Studio Recordings, uitvoerenden: Miles Davis & Gil Evans

Production & Engineering (Productie & techniek)
Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical (Beste techniek op niet-klassiek album)
Al Schmitt, Bruce Swedien, Francis Buckley & Tommy Vicari (technici) voor Q's Jook Joint, uitvoerende: Quincy Jones
Best Classical Engineered Recording (Beste techniek op klassiek album)
Lawrence Rock & William Hoekstra (technici) voor Copland: Dance Symphony; Short Symphony; Organ Symphony, uitvoerenden: Saint Louis Symphony o.l.v. Leonard Slatkin
Producer of the Year
Babyface
Classical Producer of the Year
Joanna Nickrenz

Gesproken Woord
Best Spoken Word or Non-Musical Album
"It Takes a Village" - Hillary Rodham Clinton
Best Spoken Comedy Album
"Rush Limbaugh is a Big Fat Idiot" - Al Franken

Historisch
Best Historical Album
"The Complete Columbia Studio Recordings" - Bob Belden (producer), Phil Schaap (producer/technicus), Mark Wilder (technicus) (uitvoerenden: Miles Davis & Gil Evans)

Video
Best Music Video Short Form (videoclip)
"Free as a Bird" - The Beatles (artiesten), Vincent Joliet (producer), Joe Pytka (regisseur)
Best Music Video Long Form (lange video, b.v. documentaire of concertverslag)
"The Beatles Anthology" - The Beatles (artiesten), Chips Chipperfield & Neil Aspinall (producers), Bob Smeaton & Geoff Wontor (regisseurs)

39


text:
fou un crític musical i compositor italià.

Va fer de bibliotecari d'un Institut de Nàpols, i fou col·laborador de la Gazetta di Napoli.

Se li deuen: Rifleci nordici (traducció de l'alemany) i nombroses traduccions franceses i, a més, Intermazzi musicali (estudis crítics sobre diversos compositors), Romanze e fantasie, poesies líriques, etc.

Bibliografia
 Enciclopèdia Espasa Volum núm. 40, pàg. 1494. (ISBN 84-239-4540-5)

Compositors italians del Romanticisme
Crítics musicals italians
Persones de la província de Salern
Compositors de la Campània


text:
La Medalla Carl Sagan a la Excelencia en Comunicación Pública de la Ciencia Planetaria es otorgada anualmente desde 1998 por la División de Ciencias Planetarias (DPS) de la American Astronomical Society para reconocer y honrar a la comunicación excepcional por un científico planetario en activo del público en general. Se otorga a los científicos cuyos esfuerzos han contribuido significativamente a la comprensión del público y el entusiasmo por las ciencias planetarias. Además de la medalla con citación, se dará un premio en efectivo por un importe que será determinado por el Comité de DPS.

Carl Sagan fue uno de los miembros del comité organizador original de la DPS.

Premiados
 1998 - William Kenneth Hartmann
 1999 - Clark Chapman
 2000 - Larry Lebofsky
 2001 - André Brahic
 2002 - Heidi Hammel
 2003 - No se otorgó
 2004 - David Morrison
 2005 - Rosaly Lopes
 2006 - David Grinspoon
 2007 - No se otorgó
 2008 - G. Jeffrey Taylor
 2009 - Steve Squyres
 2010 - Carolyn Porco
 2011 - James F. Bell, III
 2012 - Patrick Michel
 2013 - Donald Yeomans
 2014 - Guy Consolmagno
 2015 - Daniel D. Durda

Referencias

Premios de astronomía
Premios de divulgación científica
Carl Sagan
Premios de ciencia y tecnología de Estados Unidos establecidos en el siglo XX
Ciencia de 1998
Estados unidos en 1998


text:
Macrinus succineus är en spindelart som beskrevs av Simon 1887. Macrinus succineus ingår i släktet Macrinus och familjen jättekrabbspindlar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Jättekrabbspindlar
succineus


text:
The HP-18 is a Richard Schreder-designed metal Racing Class sailplane that was offered as a kit for homebuilding during the 1970s and 1980s.

Design and development
The HP-18 is a flapped (15-meter) sailplane featuring a V-tail and 90-degree flaps for glidepath control. The fuselage is composed of a prefabricated composite forward fuselage and a semi-monocoque aft fuselage, and features steeply reclined seating and a side-stick controller although modifications using a conventional stick have been made.

Major features:
Very low cockpit with reclining seating position
Sidestick (changed to conventional stick by some homebuilders)
Two-piece canopy (changed to single piece forward opening by some homebuilders)
V-tail that folds upwards for easy storage
Wing structure composed of spars with caps pre-machined from solid aluminium plate and aluminium wing skins bonded to closely spaced foam ribs
Fiberglass fuselage pod, wing tip skids and tail fairings
Aluminium tail cone
Winglets added by some homebuilders
Water ballast carried inside the hollow aluminium wing spars
Typical Schreder trailing edge flaps/airbrakes partially interconnected with the ailerons

Variants
As most homebuilts, the HP-18 has been constructed with many variations in detail. Perhaps the most significant version is the Super HP-18 developed by Canadians Ed Hollestelle and Udo Rumpf, which features a modified wing airfoil, winglets, a front-hinged canopy, conventional control stick and higher ballast capacity.

Aircraft on display
EAA Airventure Museum, Oshkosh, Wisconsin
National Soaring Museum, Elmira, New York
US Southwest Soaring Museum, Moriarty, New Mexico

Specifications

References

Schreder Designs webpage
R Johnson, A Flight Test Evaluation of the HP-18W Sailplane, Soaring, July 2003

External links
HP-18 Reference Info Link

1970s United States sailplanes
Glider aircraft
Schreder aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
V-tail aircraft


text:
Jocelyn Arthur Kallender (13 February 1870 – 7 October 1953) was a New Zealand cricketer, playing 12 first-class matches for Auckland between 1893 and 1904. He also won the hammer throw at the New Zealand national athletics championships in 1897.

Biography
Kallender was born in Brentford, Middlesex, England, on 13 February 1870, and was baptised in the parish of Heston on 16 April that year. His parents were Katherine Cicelia Kallender and George Kallender, a major in the Madras Staff Corps. As a child, Kallender lived in India with his parents, and he moved to New Zealand in 1892. Kallender worked at the Auckland branch of the Bank of New Zealand for 32 years until his retirement in 1928.

On 14 January 1929, Kallender married Dorothea Mabel Takle (née Gribble) in Auckland.

Kallender died in Auckland on 7 October 1953, and he was buried at Purewa Cemetery. His widow, Dorothea, died in 1957.

Cricket
Kallender stood six feet three and a half inches tall and weighed 18 stone during his cricket career. He played 12 first-class matches for Auckland over as many seasons, from 1893/94 to 1904/05. A fast bowler, he took 16 wickets at an average of 21.12, with best bowling figures of 3 for 7. With the bat, he was reputedly the hardest hitter in New Zealand and a very fast scorer. He scored 389 runs in 22 innings, with a high score of 55 and an average of 18.52.

Other sports
At the 1897 New Zealand national athletics championships, Kallender won the hammer throw representing Auckland, with a best distance of . He also played both rugby union and association football, and was active in rowing before moving to New Zealand.

See also
 List of Auckland representative cricketers

References

1870 births
1953 deaths
New Zealand cricketers
Auckland cricketers
People from Brentford
Cricketers from Greater London
Athletes from London
English emigrants to New Zealand
New Zealand male hammer throwers
Burials at Purewa Cemetery


text:
Pachymerium capense är en mångfotingart som beskrevs av Carl Graf Attems 1947. Pachymerium capense ingår i släktet Pachymerium och familjen storjordkrypare. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Storjordkrypare
capense


text:
In chimica prendono il nome di solfuri i derivati dell'acido solfidrico (H2S) di formula MnS dove M può essere un metallo o un alchile. Stabili in soluzione, possono addizionare zolfo producendo polisolfuri. Industrialmente venivano spesso usati come insetticidi o nell'industria della gomma.

Nomenclatura
Il solfuri inorganici (quelli cioè in cui M è un metallo) vengono chiamati anteponendo solfuro di al nome del metallo, così Na2S prende il nome di solfuro di sodio. Se la formula del solfuro è di tipo MHS il nome si ottiene anteponendo al nome del metallo monoidrogenosolfuro di, così NaHS è il monoidrogenosolfuro di sodio.
I solfuri organici di formula generale R2S vengono chiamati posponendo il termine solfuro al nome dei due alchili. Così CH3SCH2CH3 è il etil metil solfuro mentre (CH3)2S è il dimetil solfuro. Una molecola organica di formula generale RSH dove R è un alchile prende il nome di tiolo.

Chimica analitica
Nell'analisi a secco, la ricerca dello ione solfuro avviene per formazione di acido solfidrico. Una certa quantità di sostanza acidificata con soluzione di acido cloridrico viene scaldata in una provetta. Si libera acido solfidrico gassoso secondo la seguente reazione (dove Me è un generico metallo bivalente):

MeS + 2HCl → Me2+ + 2Cl− + H2S(g)

L'H2S è riconoscibile sia dall'odore caratteristico di uova marce sia perché annerisce una cartina imbevuta di soluzione di Pb(CH3COO)2, per formazione di PbS:

Pb(CH3COO)2 + H2S → PbS(s) + 2 CH3COOH

In presenza di solfuri inattaccabili dall'acido cloridrico (come HgS, CuS, o As2S3) nella soluzione si aggiunge, dopo aver eliminato SO2 eventualmente presente, polvere di Zn a caldo. Lo Zn, riducendo i cationi, libera H2S che annerisce la cartina imbevuta di Pb(CH3COO)2.

Voci correlate
Zolfo
Tioli
Ponti disolfuro

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Anioni
Classi di composti chimici


text:
Joseph und die Frau des Potiphar ist ein Gemälde des spanischen Malers Bartolomé Esteban Murillo. Das Gemälde gehört zum Bestand der Sammlung der Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister in Kassel.

Historischer Kontext
Die Ausbreitung des Jesuitenordens in der Zeit der Gegenreformation prägte die Entstehungszeit des spanischen Gemäldes. Zudem hatte die italienische Kunst Einfluss, da Teile Italiens zu Spanien gehörten. Murillos großformatiges Gemälde entstand um 1645.

Bildinhalt
Thema des Bildes ist die gleichnamige Erzählung aus dem 1. Buch Mose , die von zahlreichen bildenden Künstlern bearbeitet wurde: Potifar, der Befehlshaber der Leibwache des Pharaos, kauft Jakobs Lieblingssohn Joseph von midianitischen Händlern als Sklaven. Joseph erwirbt sich schnell das Vertrauen seines Herrn und wird Aufseher über Potiphars Besitz. Dessen Frau verliebt sich in Joseph und versucht ihn zu verführen. Als Joseph sich ihr entwindet, bleibt sein Mantel in ihren Händen zurück. Enttäuscht und erzürnt beschuldigt die Frau nun Joseph, sie bedrängt zu haben, woraufhin er ins Gefängnis geworfen wird.

Auf dem Ölgemälde sitzt Potiphars Frau in der rechten Hälfte des Bildes barfuß und mit entblößter Brust auf ihrem Bett. Sie greift nach dem gelb getönten Umhang, der noch über Josephs linker Schulter hängt. Dieser, im Gegensatz zu der Frau mit einer Art Tunika und Schuhwerk voll bekleidet, flieht auf der linken Seite des Bildes mit dramatischer Gestik. Seine Hände sind erhoben, die Finger gespreizt, er macht einen Ausfallschritt auf einem bunten Teppich von dem mit Kissen und Decken reich ausgestatteten Lager weg. Sein Blick ist dabei zurückgerichtet zu Potiphars Frau, die ihrerseits zu ihm aufblickt. Die hellen Textilien und Hautpartien heben sich in hartem Kontrast von den dunkleren Bildpartien ab.

Karl Julius Weber, der die Kassler Kunstwerke im 19. Jahrhundert besichtigte, kommentierte das Gemälde eher abwertend und fand "die Dame zwar feurig", sie habe "aber so schlappe Brüste, daß es Joseph nicht schwer gefallen seyn kann sie und seinen Mantel im Stich zu lassen!" Dieselbe Kritik hatte schon einige Jahre vorher Ernst August Friedrich Klingemann geäußert.

Malerischer Stil
Das monumentale Frühwerk Murillos zeigt sich in seinem pointierten Realismus, in seinen Hell-Dunkel-Kontrasten und besonders in seinem von Francisco de Zurbarán und Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio beeinflussten Kolorit.

Datierungsversuche und Frage der Echtheit
Das Gemälde ist signiert. Seine Echtheit wurde aber wegen seiner Dramatik und Härte mehrmals bezweifelt. Jürgen Michael Lehmann setzte es in die Zeit um 1645 bis 1648.

Provenienz
Das Bild wurde vor 1775 von Friedrich II. von Hessen-Kassel angekauft.

Literatur
 Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister Schloss Wilhelmshöhe. 2. Auflage. Westermann. Braunschweig 1982, S. 50–51.

Weblinks
 Das Bild auf der Seite der Gemäldegalerie Alter Meister in Kassel

Einzelnachweise

Gemälde der Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister (Kassel)
Gemälde (17. Jahrhundert)
Joseph und die Frau des Potiphar
Werk über Josef (Sohn Jakobs)


text:
Rigoberto Fuentes Peat (born January 4, 1944) is a retired professional baseball player. He played for 13 seasons in the major leagues between 1965 and 1978, primarily as a second baseman. Fuentes played for most of his career with the San Francisco Giants.

Professional career
The Giants initially signed Fuentes as an 18-year-old amateur before the start of the 1962 season. He was one of the last baseball players signed directly out of Cuba before the United States embargo against Cuba. Fuentes made his major league debut on August 18, 1965. Four days later, he was involved in one of the most famous baseball fights in history, a 14-minute brawl between the Giants and Los Angeles Dodgers in which Juan Marichal bloodied John Roseboro with a bat; Fuentes, the on-deck hitter when the fight broke out, brandished his own bat as he rushed to join the fray, though he did not hit anyone with it. Fuentes split time between second base and shortstop as a rookie in 1966. He batted .261 in his maiden year while playing solid defense at both positions. He slumped to batting .209 the following year, and subsequently, he spent all of 1968 in the minor leagues.

Fuentes returned to the Giants in 1969 and spent the next two seasons as a utility infielder before re-gaining his starting spot at second base in 1971. He appeared in the postseason during the 1971 season as his Giants won the NL West title; his two-run home run in Game 1 of the 1971 NLCS helped San Francisco take an early series lead against the Pittsburgh Pirates, but that would turn out to be the Giants' only win of the best-of-five series. Fuentes continued to be the Giants' second baseman for three more seasons. In 1973, he set a National League record by recording a .993 fielding percentage, the highest for any regular second baseman in league history. Ironically, Fuentes had led all National League second basemen in errors during the previous two seasons before setting the new record for excellence. His record stood for 13 seasons before Ryne Sandberg recorded a .994 percentage at second in 1986.

He was dealt along with Butch Metzger from the Giants to the Padres for Derrel Thomas at the Winter Meetings on December 6, 1974. Fuentes played for two seasons in San Diego before leaving as a free agent. In 1977, Fuentes played with the Detroit Tigers and had a career-best .309 batting average. Despite having his best season, he was not brought back in 1978 (since the Tigers had a young Lou Whitaker waiting in the wings). The Montreal Expos then purchased his contract. Before the start of the season, however, Fuentes was released. During the year, he signed with the Oakland Athletics, but he was released again after batting just .140 in only 13 games. He played for the Santo Domingo Azucareros in the short-lived Inter-American League in 1979 before retiring.

In Willie Mays's May 14, 1972 debut game at Shea Stadium with the New York Mets, Fuentes of the visiting Giants had a single, two doubles, a home run, and a base on balls in five plate appearances.

Baseball

Fuentes played baseball with elan, style and flair. He pioneered the use of headbands, sometimes applying them on the outside of his baseball cap. He would approach the plate holding his bat by the barrel, tap it handle-first off the plate, flip it into the air and catch it by the handle, ready to hit. He was called "one of the most renowned hot dogs in baseball history" in Sparky Lyle's 1979 book The Bronx Zoo. Elan and flair was not always accepted by staid ballplayers. Pitchers would knock him down with inside pitches for no apparent reason.  After one such event he came out with a great quote: "They shouldn't throw at me," Fuentes said. "I'm the father of five or six kids."

Broadcasting career
Fuentes returned to the Giants as a radio announcer in 1981, the team's first year of Spanish language radio broadcasts, initially serving in this role until 1992. In 2004, Fuentes was brought back as an analyst, and he remains with the team in this role today. Tito Fuentes was inducted into the Hispanic Heritage Baseball Museum Hall of Fame on February 23, 2002 in San Francisco, California.

References

External links
, or Retrosheet
Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Winter League)

1944 births
Living people
Decatur Commodores players
Detroit Tigers players
El Paso Sun Kings players
Lakeland Giants players
Major League Baseball players from Cuba
Cuban expatriate baseball players in the United States
Major League Baseball second basemen
Navegantes del Magallanes players
Cuban expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Oakland Athletics players
Phoenix Giants players
Salem Rebels players
San Diego Padres players
San Francisco Giants announcers
San Francisco Giants players
Santo Domingo Azucareros players
Baseball players from Havana
Tacoma Giants players


text:
Die als Halbruine erhaltene und 1285 erstmals urkundlich erwähnte Burg Thierberg liegt  auf dem Thierberg im Norden von Kufstein in Tirol. Nach 1580 wurde nach Teilabbrüchen die Burgkapelle, die mittlerweile zu einem Wallfahrtsort wurde, in den umgebauten Palas verlegt.

Geschichte
Die Höhenburg auf dem Thierberg wurde 1285 von den Freundsbergern als östlicher Stützpunkt ihrer weitläufigen Besitzungen im Unterinntal erbaut. 1379 verkaufte das aus der Nähe von Schwaz stammende Adelsgeschlecht die Anlage an die Herzöge von Bayern. Mit dem Übergang des östlichen Tiroler Unterinntals an das Herzogtum Österreich ging die Burg in den Besitz der Habsburger über. Nach dem Ausbau der Festungen von Kufstein und Rattenberg verlor die Burg an Bedeutung, deshalb wurde sie ab der zweiten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts dem Verfall preisgegeben.

Nach mehrfachen Besitzerwechseln kam die Anlage 1584 in die Hände von Georg Voglmayer, der den Palas teilweise wieder auf- und umbauen und in ihn die zur Wallfahrtsstätte gewordene Burgkapelle verlegen ließ. In der zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts bekam die Kapelle für die Wallfahrer einen eigenen Kaplan. Im letzten Viertel des 17. Jahrhunderts wurde auf dem Thierberg eine Einsiedelei eingerichtet; dafür wurde am ehemaligen Palas ein Anbau errichtet. Ein verheerender Brand zerstörte im Jahr 1700 den Palas bis auf die Außenmauern. Anschließend wurde der Bau mit der Kapelle wieder hergerichtet und die Ausstattung im Stil des Spätbarocks erneuert und im 19. Jahrhundert ergänzt.

Im Laufe des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde am Aufstieg vom Gasthof Neuhaus aus ein Kreuzweg angelegt. Der Bergfried, die Gebäude und die Reste des Bering-Mauerwerks wurden 2001 aufwendig saniert.

Beschreibung
Die heutige Ruine der Höhenburg besteht aus dem Bergfried (der etwa nur 70 % der ursprünglichen Höhe aufweist), dem ehemaligen Palas mit der Kapelle im Erdgeschoß und einer saalartigen Oberkapelle, der als Schauraum für Paramente, Weihnachtskrippe und Reliquien dient, sowie der daneben befindlichen bewohnten Einsiedelei. Es ist die letzte Einsiedelei Tirols. Es sind auch noch nicht unerhebliche Reste des Mauerwerks der Wehranlagen von der inneren Burg und dem Zwinger vorhanden.

Wallfahrtskapelle St. Johannes der Täufer
Die alte Burgkapelle wurde in der Konradinischen Matrikel des Bistums Freising 1315 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Der heutige, Thierbergkapelle genannte Sakralraum befindet sich im umgebauten Erdgeschoß des Palas. Dieser stellt ein unregelmäßiges Rechteck dar, da die eingebaute Wendeltreppe zum Obergeschoß in den Raum hineingreift. Die Kapelle ist gebäudebedingt von Nord nach Süd ausgerichtet und besitzt eine nördliche Empore. Die Ostfenster zeigen reiche Stuckumrahmungen.

Auf dem Hochaltar von 1780 ist ein Gemälde, das die Enthauptung des Hl. Johannes des Täufers darstellt, von Franz Stirz angebracht. An den Chorseitenwänden sind halbfigürliche Büsten der Zwölf Apostel aufgestellt. Eine Nachbildung der Madonna von Montserrat, die 1811 in den Sakralraum kam, steht auf dem südwestlichen Seitenaltar. Zwischen den Fenstern ist ein barockes Kruzifix, mit Jesus im Strahlenkranz, angebracht. Auf dem, in einer Wandnische der Westwand befindlichen, Gemälde sind vier Stationen aus dem Leben des Kapellenpatrons dargestellt. Fast die gesamten restlichen Wandflächen zieren Votivtafeln und volkstümliche Votivgaben aus Wachs.

Zugangswege
Man gelangt über mehrere Wege bis zur Ruine, der bekannteste ist jener mit dem Kreuzweg, der über das Gasthaus Neuhaus hinaufführt. Es ist ein ideales Ausflugsziel, auch für kleinere Kinder, da es nicht zu weit und steil zum Gehen ist. Ein weiterer Weg zur Thierbergkapelle führt von Kiefersfelden bzw. vom Hechtsee über die Einöden Aigen und Aschau.

Der Kreuzweg ist oft Schauplatz von Veranstaltungen der katholischen Jugend.

Literatur

 Reinhard Rampold (Hrsg.) Kunstführer Tirol. Tyrolia Verlag, Innsbruck 2014, Seite 226.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Thierberg
Thierberg
Baudenkmal (Tirol)
Thierberg
Thierberg
Kultur (Kufstein)


text:
The Pegaso Z-102 is a Spanish sports car produced by Pegaso in Spain in both coupé and cabriolet form from 1951 until 1958. The Z-102 was the fastest production car in the world at the time of production, having reached a top speed of .

Background
Pegaso was an established company noted for its trucks and motor coaches, but also produced sports cars for seven years. Pegaso's chief technical manager was Wifredo Ricart who formerly worked as chief engineer for Alfa Romeo, and while there designed the Alfa Romeo Tipo 512. The Z-102 started life as a pair of prototypes in 1951 with coupe and drophead body styles. Both prototypes had steel bodies which were determined to be too heavy and Pegaso made the decision to switch to alloy bodies to save weight. However, the cars were still quite heavy and brutish to drive and racing success was virtually nonexistent. Because the cars were built on a cost-no-object basis the car soon proved too costly to warrant continued production and the Z-102 was discontinued after 1958. A simplified and cheaper version, the Z-103 with 3.9, 4.5 and 4.7 litre engines, was put into production but had little success and only 3 were built.

Production
Pegaso made the Z-102 starting in 1951 and finishing in 1958 having built a total of 84 cars (some sources  say only 71). Out of those 84, 28 were cabriolets while the rest were fixed roof coupés. The original design for the Z-102 was penned by Pegaso chief technical manager Wifredo Ricart, formerly chief engineer for Alfa Romeo. The majority of Z-102s had bodies by Carrozzeria Touring (although early Z-102 units carry Pegaso-made bodies), but a handful of cars had bodies by other coachbuilders. Carrozzeria Touring's design built on Ricart's original design, with changes including redesigning the grille, lowering the car, re-positioning the fog lights and simplifying various details to give it a cleaner profile. This body style is the most well known and numerous of the Z-102 bodies. French coachbuilder Saoutchik bodied 18 cars, 3 of which were convertibles, as well as one of the original prototypes. Coachbuilder Serra bodied a handful of cars as well. In house coachbuilder Enasa also built a version of the Z-102 called the "Cupola" which was designed based on sketches from Spanish students. The students were given the challenge of sketching what they thought cars of the future would look like. Prominent design cues from those drawings were then taken, and Enasa brought the car to life. Only two "Cupola" models were known to have been built. One of the two was purchased by Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo. Only one of the Cupola models is known to have survived and it is currently owned by the Louwman Museum.

Performance
The Z-102 had a pressed steel chassis with an alloy body. Everything was produced in-house at Barcelona at Pegaso's own factory, with the exception of coachwork. The Z-102 is powered by a four-cam all-alloy V8 engine featuring dry-sump lubrication. Power went through a 5-speed non-synchromesh transaxle.

The Z102 entered production with a 2.5 (2,472 cc) litre engine, as was used in the prototypes, though later variants used a 2.8 L (2,816 cc), and 3.2 L (3,178 cc) litre DOHC desmodromic 32-valve V8  engines with multiple carburetors or an optional supercharger. Power ranged from  to  and was sent to the rear wheels through a five-speed gearbox with gear-driven camshafts. The base model Z-102 had a top speed of 120 mph (192 km/h). In supercharged trim the Z-102 could reach a top speed of , making it one of the world's fastest production car at that time.

The main beams of the car's frame had large lightening holes, and the wheel wells under the body were used as stressed members.

This rear-wheel-drive car had its transmission in the rear, connected to the differential (making it a transaxle). But it was unusually located behind the differential within a reverse A-frame whose apex was at the rear of the chassis. A fuel tank was situated on each side of the transmission.

The rear suspension was De Dion, with the unusual feature that to restrain the tube from side-to-side movement, its tube had a small wheel at its midpoint that rolled in a vertical channel on the front of the differential (which in a De Dion system is bolted to the chassis) instead of using a Watt's linkage or a Panhard rod.

Racing

Z-102s competed in several racing events but were met with little to no real success. Two z-102 were entered for the 1952 Monaco Grand Prix for drivers Juan Jover and Joaquin Palacios, one right hand and one left hand drive, (plus a third left hand drive spare car).  Three Z-102s were entered by Pegaso in the 1953 24 Hours of Le Mans (some sources claim the number was 4, and others claim only 2 entered), but during the race driver Juan Jover misjudged the speed of his approach to the corner after the Dunlop bridge, causing him to crash his Z-102 Spyder into the barriers at more than . He sustained serious injuries to his left leg from the crash, and Pegaso decided to withdraw their other cars. They competed also in the 1954 Carrera Panamericana, driven by Joaquin Palacio, achieving promising results in the first stages, but an accident prevented an excellent final position.On September 25, 1953, in Jabbeke (Belgium), a Z-102 Touring BS/2.8 (the old Barchetta used at Le Mans, 2.8 litre single supercharger), driven by Celso Fernández, broke four official R.A.C.B. (Royal Automobile Club de Belgique) world records. Of these records the most prominent was its speed in the flying-start kilometer. The supercharged Z-102 achieved a 243.079 km/h (151.042 mph) average, a record previously held by a Jaguar XK120. This made the Z-102 the fastest production car in the world at that time. The original Z-102 BSS/2.5 Bisiluro Especial Competición (2.5 litre twin supercharged) built to take on the records couldn't be used because of a blown engine.

Concours events

A Pegaso Z-102 coupé with coachwork by Saoutchik, owned by Baron Thyssen-Bornemisza, wearing leopard skin upholstered seats and gold controls won the 1953 Enghien-les-Bains (France) Grand Prix d'Elegance. A 1952 Z-102 "Cupola", one of two believed to have been made and the only one known to have survived, took the Chairman's Choice Award and Best of Show Concours de Sport at the 2016 Amelia Island Concours d'Elegance.

Technical data
Note: Technical data is for the 2.8-liter Z102 produced in 1953.

See also
Production car speed record
Timeline of most powerful production cars

References

External links
Automobile-Catalog Full line of Pegaso Z-102
CanadianDriver Motoring Memories: Pegaso
"Memory of a mirage" exhibition, 2001
Jabbeke records fiftieth anniversary celebration (in Spanish)
Pegaso Z-102 Saoutchik cabriolet
PIEL DE TORO (in Spanish)

Grand tourers
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Convertibles
Coupés
Cars of Spain
Cars introduced in 1951


text:
La izquierda comunista germano-holandesa es una corriente marxista nacida al seno del movimiento comunista internacional, y principalmente constituida por el Partido comunista obrero de Alemania (KAPD) y el Partido comunista obrero de Países Bajos (KAPN).

Historia
Los dos principales teóricos de esta corriente son Anton Pannekoek y Herman Gorter, ambos holandeses pero cuya influencia fue muy importante dentro del Partido comunista de Alemania (KPD) fundado a finales de 1918 principalmente por Rosa Luxemburg y Karl Liebknecht. Inicialmente, esta corriente está totalmente en línea con el movimiento comunista mundial. Pero rápidamente, esta corriente entra en desacuerdo con algunas de las orientaciones de la Internacional comunista (IC), en particular sobre "la cuestión sindical" y sobre "la cuestión parlamentaria". La izquierda germano-holandesa considera que los sindicatos, que durante la Primera Guerra Mundial dieron un apoyo masivo a la Unión Nacional, se han convertido en órganos de la clase dominante que es imposible reconquistar para convertirlos en instrumentos de la clase obrera. En este sentido, rechaza la política de la IC que pide a los comunistas que hagan un trabajo dentro de los sindicatos, incluso los más reaccionarios, con el fin de disputar la dirección a los elementos reformistas y vendidos a la burguesía o, al menos, para llegar a tantos trabajadores como sea posible. Llama por consiguiente a los obreros a abandonar los sindicatos y a reunirse en los Consejos obreros.

Asimismo, en la cuestión parlamentaria, la izquierda germano-holandesa rechaza la política del llamado "parlamentarismo revolucionario" defendido por la Internacional Comunista. Esta política denuncia al Parlamento como un órgano exclusivo de la burguesía y refuta la idea de que de alguna manera puede servir para derrocar a esta última, pero llama a la participación en las elecciones y en el Parlamento para utilizarlo como una "plataforma" para alcanzar las masas trabajadoras, así como "destruir el Parlamento desde adentro".

Lenin criticó las posiciones de la Izquierda germano-holandesa, al igual que aquellas de la izquierda italiana en su folleto La enfermedad infantil del izquierdismo en el comunismo a la cual responde Herman Gorter en una Carta abierta al camarada Lenin.

Referencias

Véase también

 Comunismo de consejos

Izquierda comunista


text:
Жан де Вилье́ (; год и место рождения неизвестны — , Лимасол) — 21/22-й Великий магистр ордена госпитальеров (1284—1294), военачальник.

Биография
Жан де Вилье был французом и стал последним великим магистром госпитальеров, избранным в Леванте. Летом 1269 года Гуго де Ревель призвал рыцаря на Святую землю. Весной 1277 года он занимал должность командора Триполи (комтура), но через несколько лет покинул Восток, и достоверно известно, что с лета 1282 года исполнял функции приора Франции. Известие об избрании великим магистром госпитальеров было получено им летом 1285 года, но он оставался во Франции до осени 1286 года.

В октябре 1288 созвал в Акре Генеральный капитул, главными задачами которого ставились укрепление дисциплины и выработка мер по оттягиванию надвигавшейся катастрофы — полного вытеснения христиан мамлюками. Последний звонок крестоносцам прозвучал через год при сдаче Триполи (1289). Вскоре наступил переломный момент, когда после сдачи Акры в 1291 году крестоносцы были изгнаны из Палестины и Сирии.

Осада Акры началась 5 апреля 1291 года. Среди осаждённых в крепости христиан были венецианцы, генуэзцы, пизанцы, флорентийцы, англичане, сицилийцы, госпитальеры, тамплиеры и тевтонцы — все они действовали независимо друг от друга, защищая занимаемый ими квартал города без подчинения какому-нибудь общему командованию.
Перед лицом смертельной опасности рыцари соперничавших орденов Красного креста (храмовников) и Белого креста (иоаннитов) смирили гордыню и на время забыли о разногласиях. Однако ни их мужество, ни самопожертвование не остановили превосходящего противника. Акра пала за 44 дня ожесточённой осады, а с ней для крестоносцев была потеряна вся Святая земля. Тяжело раненного Жана де Вилье перенесли на орденский корабль и отправили на Кипр. Тяжело раненный маршал госпитальеров Матье де Клермонт сдерживал натиск сарацин в гавани, давая возможность спастись на кораблях как можно большему числу христиан. Уже в безопасности, страдая от полученной раны, магистр сообщил о гибели Матье де Клермона и описал тяжкую потерю последнего оплота христиан в Леванте в письме Гийому де Вилларе, бывшему в ту пору приором Сен-Жиля (настоятелем Сен-Жильского монастыря). «Сотни тысяч христиан Святой Земли стали рабами. Их было так много, что они продавались даже в самых отдаленных уголках мусульманского
мира за бесценок».

Генрих II (король Кипра) принял госпитальеров и тамплиеров в своём королевстве, предоставив иоаннитам для расположения Лимасол. Госпитальерам удалось спасти и вывезти на Кипр чудотворную Филермскую икону Божией Матери. На Кипр прибыло 300 уцелевших рыцарей-госпитальеров. Их ставкой стал замок Колосси в окрестностях Лимасола. На острове иоанниты стали именоваться «Орденом рыцарей Кипра», но чувствовали себя там в гостях. Они были вынуждены стать вассалами короля Кипра и платить ему дань. Кроме того, втянувшись в династические распри между Генрихом II и его братом Амори II Тирским, иоанниты вызывали неприязнь населения.

Вскоре магистр созвал Генеральный капитул для решения дальнейшей судьбы ордена. Ассамблея собрала невиданное со времени основания ордена большое количество рыцарей разных национальностей. Было закреплено административное разделение ордена на национальные провинции — «языки». Несмотря на потерю всех своих владений в Палестине и Сирии, собравшиеся тешились надеждой на возвращение на Святую землю, ибо в противном случае существование ордена лишилось бы смысла, поскольку главной идеей его основания была заявлена защита и лечение паломников, освобождение Гроба Господня. Предложение о переезде в Италию было отвергнуто. В дальнейшем иоанниты осуществляли нападения на занимаемое сарацинами средиземноморское побережье, выступая против султана Египта. Будучи изначально сухопутным военным формированием, были вынуждены начать заниматься морским делом и вскоре стали специалистами в данной сфере. Орден стал бороться с арабскими корсарами. А чтобы обезопасить себя от нападений неприятеля, укреплялись фортификационные сооружения Лимассола, обустраивались гавани, строились корабли. Помимо того перед магистром стояла труднейшая задача укрепления дисциплины, борьбы с распущенностью рыцарей, их тягой к роскоши, обогащению за счёт уменьшения взносов в орденскую казну. С этой целью в 1292 году на Кипре был созван ещё один капитул, на котором постановили, что один рыцарь может иметь не более трёх лошадей, сбруя которых не должна содержать ни золотых ни серебряных украшений. Постановление не распространялось на участвовавших в Реконкисте госпитальеров Пиренейского полуострова. Внутренней дисциплине и субординации был посвящён следующий Генеральный капитул 1293 года. Принятыми тогда положениями о выборах великого магистра руководствовались до 1623 года.

Умер в Лимасоле в 1294 году. Но согласно Делявиль Рулю, точная дата смерти магистра неизвестна, хотя её можно поместить между 20 октября 1293 года и 30 сентября 1294 года, когда на Генеральном капитуле госпитальеров уже председательствовал следующий магистр Од де Пенс.

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки

Военачальники XIII века
Великие магистры Мальтийского ордена


text:
Дезинфе́кция — это комплекс мероприятий, направленный на уничтожение возбудителей инфекционных заболеваний и разрушение токсинов на объектах внешней среды для предотвращения попадания их на кожу, слизистые и раневую поверхность. Является одним из видов обеззараживания.

Дезинфекция полностью может их и не уничтожить, но уменьшает количество микроорганизмов до приемлемого уровня. (см. Инфицирующая доза)

Уничтожение инфекционного начала во внешней среде не устраняет ещё основных источников инфекции (нераспознанные микробоносители). Поэтому дезинфекция играет значительную роль только в общем комплексе противоэпидемических и противоэпизоотических мероприятий.

Дезинфекта́нт — агент, действующее вещество дезинфекции. Обычно используются химические дезинфицирующие средства, например, формальдегид или гипохлорит натрия, растворы органических веществ, обладающих дезинфицирующими свойствами: хлоргексидин, четвертичные аммонийные соединения (ЧАСы), надуксусная кислота, полигуанидины (ПГМГ-ГХ).

Различают профилактическую, текущую и заключительную дезинфекцию:
 профилактическая — проводится постоянно, независимо от эпидемической обстановки: мытьё рук, окружающих предметов с использованием моющих и чистящих средств, содержащих бактерицидные добавки.
 плановая профилактика
 внеплановая профилактика
 текущая — проводится у постели больного, в изоляторах медицинских пунктов, лечебных учреждениях с целью предупреждения распространения инфекционных заболеваний за пределы очага.
 заключительная — проводится после изоляции, госпитализации, выздоровления или смерти больного с целью освобождения эпидемического очага от возбудителей, рассеянных больным.

Методы дезинфекции

 Механический — предусматривает удаление заражённого слоя грунта или устройство настилов.
 Физический — обработка лампами, излучающими ультрафиолет, или источниками гамма-излучения, кипячение белья, посуды, уборочного материала, предметов ухода за больными и др. В основном применяется при кишечных инфекциях.Кипячение используется для обработки белья (кипятят в мыльно-содовом растворе в течение 2 часов), посуды (в 2 % содовом растворе в течение 15 минут), питьевой воды, игрушек, пищи. Паровоздушная смесь является действующим началом в пароформалиновой дезинфекционной камере; в дезинфекционных камерах обеззараживают вещи больного и постельные принадлежности. Ультрафиолетовое облучение используется для обеззараживания воздуха помещений в лечебных и других учреждениях (лампа БУВ-15 или БУВ-30).
 Химический (основной способ) заключается в уничтожении болезнетворных микроорганизмов и разрушении токсинов антисептиками и дезинфицирующими веществами.
 Комбинированный — основан на сочетании нескольких из перечисленных методов(например, влажная уборка с последующим ультрафиолетовым облучением)
 Биологический — основан на антагонистическом действии между различными микроорганизмами, действии средств биологической природы. Применяется на биологических станциях, при очистке сточных вод.

Бытовая дезинфекция
В повседневной жизни человек часто сталкивается с необходимостью продезинфицировать участок кожи, будь то порез, ссадина, укус или для медицинских целей — инъекция, сбор крови на анализ и т. п.

На протяжении длительного времени для обеззараживания кожных покровов применялись ватные, марлевые шарики смоченные раствором этилового спирта. Сбыт, хранение и использование этилового спирта сопряжены с определенной долей риска. За рубежом на протяжении уже длительного времени для дезинфекции кожи используют специальные одноразовые спиртовые салфетки. С некоторых пор и в России они получили распространение и стали атрибутом не только кабинета врача или аптечки автомобилиста или врача скорой помощи, но и обычной домашней аптечки. Спиртовые салфетки не удобны в применении по сравнению с марлевыми шариками, поскольку, марлевые шарики удобно доставать из банки со спиртом стерильным корнцангом, в связи с чем непосредственный контакт минимален, также как и возможность инфицирования обрабатываемой поверхности, объём захватываемого ими спирта гораздо больше. по сравнению со спиртовыми салфетками, а, следовательно, и дольше время воздействия спирта на обрабатываемую поверхность и выше степень подавления микроорганизмов.

Медицинская дезинфекция

Медицинская дезинфекция - это комплекс мероприятий, целью которых является ликвидация микроорганизмов для недопущения распространения болезней, которые вызываются бактериями и вирусами. По сути медицинская дезинфекция — разновидность обеззараживания помещений, направленная на сокращение количества микроорганизмов до допустимого показателя. Полная их ликвидация достигается при стерилизации помещений. С помощью своевременной и качественной обработки обеспечивается требуемая степень безопасности, соответствующая установленным санитарным нормам. Медицинская дезинфекция осуществляется с помощью разных средств дезинфекции, применение которых является разрешённым в учреждениях медицины.

Различают 3 разновидности медицинской дезинфекции — профилактическая, текущая, заключительная. Профилактическая включает мытье поверхностей с использованием специальных средств, содержащих бактерицидные составы, а также мытьё рук. Эти меры осуществляются вне зависимости от текущей эпидемиологической ситуации. Их проведение является обязательным для всех сотрудников медицинских учреждений. В текущую дезинфекцию входят меры, направленные на исключение распространения заболевания инфекционного происхождения за пределы инфекционного очага. Её проводит медперсонал внутри больничных палат, в других помещениях стационара и в изоляторах. Она охватывает влажную уборку в помещениях каждый день, удаление пыли, вентилирование, отстирывание белья. Заключительную дезинфекцию проводят после того, как пациент был переведён, выписан либо умер.

Лицензия на проведение медицинской дезинфекции
В соответствии с ФЗ «О лицензировании отдельных видов деятельности» и Положением о лицензировании медицинской деятельности для оказания услуг по дезинфекции, направленных на уничтожение бактерий, инфекций, вирусов, включая дезинфекцию от коронавируса, требуется получить медицинскую лицензию по дезинфектологии.

См. также
 Антисептика
 Инфицирующая доза
 Дезинфекционный коврик
 Дезинфекция с помощью солнечного света

Источники

Медицинская микробиология
Гигиена
Эпидемиология
Гражданская оборона
Антисептики и дезинфицирующие средства


text:
Kevin Kline (n. 24 octombrie 1947) este un actor american. A obținut Premiul Oscar pentru cel mai bun actor în rol secundar în anul 1988.

Filmografie
 Un peștișor pe nume Wanda (1988)

Referințe, note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1947
Nașteri pe 24 octombrie
Actori americani din secolul al XX-lea
Actori americani din secolul al XXI-lea
Americani în viață
Câștigători ai Drama Desk Award
Hollywood Walk of Fame
Câștigători ai premiului Oscar pentru cel mai bun actor într-un rol secundar


text:
A cigánycsuk vagy cigány csaláncsúcs (Saxicola rubicola) a madarak (Aves) osztályának verébalakúak (Passeriformes) rendjébe, ezen belül a légykapófélék (Muscicapidae) családjába tartozó faj.

Rendszerezése
A fajt Carl von Linné svéd természettudós írta le 1766-ban, Motacilla nembe Motacilla Rubicola néven.

A fajt hagyományosan Saxicola torquata néven ismerték, de újabban külön fajként kezelik ezeket a madarakat, vagyis az európai és az afrikai alfajok külön, önálló fajok lettek. Ebben az értelemben az európai faj helyes neve Saxicola rubicola, míg a Saxicola torquata név ebben az esetben csak az Afrikában költő fajra vonatkozik. 2021-ben az év madarának választották.

Előfordulása
Költőterülete Ázsia és Európa nagy részére, Észak-Afrikára, valamint Afrikának a Szaharától délre eső területeire és Madagaszkárra terjed ki. Észak- és Kelet-Európában nem fordul elő. Vonuló és állandó madár is. Természetes élőhelyei a bokrokkal tarkított domboldalak, füves árokpartok, nedves rétek és legelők.

Kárpát-medencei előfordulása
Magyarországon rendszeres fészkelő, márciustól októberig tartózkodik a térségben. Alkalmanként áttelel.

Alfajai

Korábbi nagyszámú alfajaiból mára több faj leválasztása után már csak kettő alfaja maradt ennél a fajnál :

Saxicola rubicola hibernans (Hartert, E, 1910) – Európa északnyugati részén fordul elő, Norvégia délnyugati részén, a Brit-szigeten, az Ír-szigeten és Franciaország északnyugati részén. A Portugália partvidéki részén költő madarakat is bevonták ebbe az alfajba.
Saxicola rubicola rubicola (Linnaeus, 1766) – ez a keleti alfaj, Dánia, Németország, Svájc, Ausztria, Franciaország deli része, Spanyolország és Marokkó az elterjedési területe nyugatra, míg keletre Közép-Európa és Kelet-Európa országai és Törökország délkeleti része. Telelőterülete Afrika északi részén és a Közel-Keleten van.

Megjelenése
Testhossza 12 centiméter, szárnyfesztávolsága 18-21 centiméter és testtömege 13-17 gramm. A hím feje és farka fekete, nyakán kétoldalt a foltok, fartöve és a szárnyán lévő hosszanti csíkok fehérek, melle rozsdavörös. A költési időszakon kívül kevésbé élénk színezetű. A tojó hátoldala szürkésbarna és csíkos, melle matt rozsdabarna, nyakának oldalsó része halvány fehér. A kevéssé feltűnő színezet álcázza a költő madarat.

Életmódja
A madár felegyenesedve ül az ágon. Tápláléka rovarok, pókok, százlábúak, ászkák és apró csigák, télen magvakat is fogyaszt. A cigány csaláncsuk 6 évig élhet.

Szaporodása
A költési időszak áprilistól augusztusig tart. Évente 2-3, (Közép-Európában csak 2) fészekaljat rak. A hím több tojóval is párosodhat. Egy fészekalj 5-6 tojásból áll, ezeken csakis a tojó kotlik. A tojások halványkékek, rozsdabarna foltokkal. A fiókákat mindkét szülő eteti. A fiatal madarak 14-16 nap múlva repülnek ki.

Természetvédelmi helyzete
Az elterjedési területe rendkívül nagy, egyedszáma pedig stabil. A Természetvédelmi Világszövetség Vörös listáján nem fenyegetett fajként szerepel. Magyarországon védett, természetvédelmi értéke 25 000 forint.

Jegyzetek

Források

Urquhart E, Bowley A 2002. Stonechats. A Guide to the Genus Saxicola. Helm Identification Guides, London.
Wink M, Sauer-Gürth H, Gwinner E 2002. Evolutionary relationships of stonechats and related species inferred from mitochondrial-DNA sequences and genomic fingerprinting. British Birds 95: 349-355. PDF fulltext

További információk
Képek az interneten a fajról
Xeno-canto.org - elterjedése

Saxicola
Madárfajok
A Kárpát-medence madarai
Magyarország madarai
Afrika madarai
Ázsia madarai
Európa madarai
Nyugat-Ázsia madarai


text:
Ernst Sonntag / Sontag ist der Name von
 Ernst Sonntag (Mediziner) (1859–1939), Gynäkologe und Geburtshelfer in Freiburg
 Ernst Sontag (1873–1955), Reichsgerichtsrat


text:
Мордехай Суркіс (, 21 січня 1908, Станиславів, Королівство Галичини та Володимирії, Австро-Угорщина ― 26 травня 1995, Ізраїль) — ізраїльський політик, перший мер Кфар-Сави, член Кнесету (ізраїльського парламенту) з 1965 до 1974 року.

Життєпис
Народився в Станиславові, тодішній Австро-Угорській імперії (теперішній Івано-Франківськ, Україна). 1933 року емігрував до Палестини. Був членом Хагани та Єврейської бригади, яка під час другої світової війни входила до складу британської армії.

1951 року став головою ради міста Кфар-Сави; згодом — першим мером Кфар-Сави, де головував до 1965 року. З 1959 до 1965 року очолював Асоціацію місцевого самоврядування.

Був членом центрального комітету партії «Мапай». Згодом приєднався до новоствореної колишніми членами «Мапай» партії «РАФІ» 1965 року. Цього ж року був обраний до Кнесету за списком «РАФІ». Переобирався до парламенту 1969 року від партії «Маарах», яка поглинула «РАФІ» того ж року.

Помер 26 травня 1995 року у віці 87 років.

Примітки

Посилання

Українські євреї
Політики Ізраїлю
Мери
Депутати кнесету
Політики з партії Мапай
Члени 6-го Кнесету


text:
Güldenstädt's redstart (Phoenicurus erythrogastrus) also sometimes called the white-winged redstart, is a species of bird in the genus Phoenicurus, family Muscicapidae. It is found in the high mountains of the southwestern and central Palearctic in the Caucasus, Karakoram, Pamir, Himalaya, Tian Shan, and Altai, in the countries of Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bhutan, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

It is one of the largest redstarts, 18 cm long and 21–29 g weight. The adult male is black above except for a white crown, a white patch on the wing, and an orange-red tail; below, the throat and upper breast are black, and the rest of the underparts a rich orange-red. The female and immature male are brown above and orange-buff below, with an orange-red tail.

It breeds at high altitudes from 3,600–5,200 m in alpine meadows and rock-fields, moving slightly lower to 1,500–4,800 m in winter where it occurs mainly in subalpine Hippophae scrub; some populations, notably the northernmost in the mountains around Lake Baikal, migrate further, reaching northeastern China. It feeds on fruit and a wide variety of invertebrates.

Taxonomy and relationships
There are two subspecies:
Phoenicurus erythrogastrus erythrogastrus, Caucasus
Phoenicurus erythrogastrus grandis, Central Asian mountains

In plumage and size the male closely resembles the white-capped redstart Chaimarrornis leucocephalus, sharing the black upperparts and white crown, but lacking the white wing patch. Although the white-capped redstart is currently placed in a separate genus Chaimarrornis, this genus is not genetically distinct and is likely to be merged into Phoenicurus in the future. Male Güldenstädt's redstarts also show some plumage similarities to the much smaller Moussier's redstart P. moussieri, including the white wing patch, while the females more resemble an outsized common redstart.

The scientific name was usually cited in older texts as Phoenicurus erythrogaster, though this is an error in Latin grammar.

References

Güldenstädt's redstart
Birds of Azerbaijan
Birds of Georgia (country)
Birds of Central Asia
Birds of Western China
Birds of the Himalayas
Güldenstädt's redstart
Güldenstädt's redstart
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot


text:
Слуцкий округ — единица административного деления Белорусской ССР, существовавшая с июля 1924 по июнь 1927 года и с июня 1935 по февраль 1938. Административный центр — город Слуцк.

Округ в 1924—1927
Первоначально включал 7 районов: Гресский, Копыльский, Краснослободский, Любанский, Слуцкий, Старобинский, Стародорожский.

В июне 1927 упразднён. Его территория разделена между Бобруйским и Минским округами.

По данным переписи 1926 года численность населения составляла 309,4 тыс. чел. В том числе белорусы — 90,0 %; евреи — 6,7 %; русские — 1,4 %; поляки — 1,3 %.

Округ в 1935—1938
Вновь округ был образован в июне 1935 в качестве пограничного округа (которые тогда создавались вдоль западной границы СССР).

Включал 6 районов: Гресский, Копыльский, Краснослободский, Любанский, Слуцкий, Старобинский.

Упразднён в феврале 1938 в связи с введением областного деления в БССР.

Литература

Округа Белорусской ССР
Появились в 1924 году в Белоруссии
Административные единицы, упразднённые в 1927 году
История Слуцка
Административные единицы, образованные в 1924 году
Появились в 1935 году в Белоруссии
Административные единицы, образованные в 1935 году
Административные единицы, упразднённые в 1938 году


text:
Hempstead House, also known as the Gould-Guggenheim Estate or Sands Point Preserve, is a large American estate that was built for Howard Gould and completed for Daniel Guggenheim in 1912. It is located in Sands Point on the North Shore of Long Island in Nassau County, New York.

The estate

The grounds contain two castle-like buildings; Hempstead House is the main house, and a smaller house is known as Castle Gould. The main house measures ,  and has three floors containing 40 rooms, punctuated by an . Once construction had completed, the  estate needed 17 house servants and 200 farmers and groundskeepers to maintain its upkeep. Hempstead House in its prime was regarded as one of the most lavish estates to occupy Long Island's Gold Coast:

In its heyday in the 1920s, Hempstead House revealed a taste for extravagance. In the Entry Foyer was an organ made of oak. The pipes still visible on the walls above were merely for show—the music reverberated through openings in the floors. Medieval tapestries once hung on the walls, and oriental carpets covered the floor. The sunken Palm Court once contained 150 species of rare orchids and other plants. An aviary housed exotic birds in ornate cages among the flowers. The walnut-paneled Library was copied from the palace of King James I; relief portraits of literary figures still decorate the plaster ceiling. The Billiard Room featured a gold leaf ceiling, hand-tooled leather wall covering, and carved oak woodwork from a 17th century Spanish palace.

History
Howard Gould, son of railroad tycoon Jay Gould, began construction of the estate after purchasing the land in 1900. Initially, the plan was to build a castle that was to be a replica of Kilkenny Castle. Castle Gould, as it came to be called, was intended to be used as the main house. However, the Goulds did not like the castle, so they decided to create another house on the estate to serve as the main dwelling.

After the completion of the house in 1912, the Goulds sold the estate to Daniel Guggenheim in 1917. The name of the main house was changed to Hempstead House (the limestone stables and the servants' quarters are still called Castle Gould). In 1942, the Guggenheims donated the estate to the Institute of Aeronautical Sciences. Soon after acquiring the estate, the institute sold it to the U.S. Navy, which held it from 1946 to 1967. The U.S. government declared the estate as surplus and eventually gave the deed of the property to Nassau County, New York in 1971.

Film
Scenes from a number of famous films have been filmed at Hempstead House and the surrounding estate, such as:

 Scent of a Woman (1992)
 Malcolm X (1992)
 Great Expectations (1998)

See also
 List of largest houses in the United States

References

External links
 Sands Point Preserve
 Pictures and Information on Hempstead House in Sands Point

Castles in the United States
Gould family residences
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Houses in Nassau County, New York
Mansions of Gold Coast, Long Island
National Register of Historic Places in Nassau County, New York
Town of North Hempstead, New York
Gilded Age mansions


text:
O Pelourinho de Enxara dos Cavaleiros situa-se na aldeia de Enxara do Bispo, na atual freguesia de Enxara do Bispo, Gradil e Vila Franca do Rosário, município de Mafra, Distrito de Lisboa, Portugal.

Está classificado como Imóvel de Interesse Público desde 1933.

A data provável da sua construção será 1519, data da atribuição de foral por D. Manuel. Nos anos 1940/50 monumento foi desmembrado e aberto um poço no seu lugar. Em 1969/70, toda a praça foi reconstruida tendo o pelourinho regressado ao seu lugar original, instalado sobre um soco constituído por três degraus octogonais de parapeito, talvez quinhentista, sobre o qual se ergue directamente o fuste facetado. Este é constituído por três troços distintos: o primeiro, de maiores dimensões, levanta-se até meia altura, é mais largo no arranque, e regista ainda vestígios de elementos decorativos indistintos na base; tal como o último troço, mais pequeno, pode ser uma peça original. Entre ambos ergue-se um troço de fuste de pedra e talhe distintos, obviamente da última reconstrução. Sobre este fuste não chegou a ser colocado o remate original, que ainda existia em 1951..

Ligações externas
 Enxara dos Cavaleiros - Blog
 Enxara dos Cavaleiros - Site antigo

Património edificado em Mafra
Enxara
Enxara do Bispo
Enxara


text:
Hitman: Agent 47  é um filme germano-britano-estadunidense de 2015, dos gêneros ação e espionagem, realizado por Aleksander Bach, com roteiro de Michael Finch, Kyle Ward e Skip Woods baseado na personagem fictícia Agent 47, da série de videojogos Hitman.

O filme é protagonizado por Rupert Friend, Zachary Quinto, Hannah Ware e Thomas Kretschmann.

Sinopse
A história centra-se no Agent 47, um assassino de elite que foi alterado geneticamente desde a sua concepção, para ser a máquina de matar perfeita. O Agente 47 é a culminação de décadas de pesquisas e de estudos – e quarenta e seis clones depois - dando-lhe uma força, velocidade, resistência e inteligência sem precedentes. O seu último alvo é uma megacorporação que planeja desvendar todos os segredos do passado do Agent 47, para assim criar um exercito de assassinos cujas habilidades podem mesmo ultrapassar as suas. Ao fazer equipa com uma mulher, que poderá ter o segredo de como parar os seus inimigos, 47 confronta-se com revelações sobre as suas origens ao mesmo tempo que se prepara para ter uma batalha com o seu maior inimigo.

Elenco

 Rupert Friend – Agent 47
 Hannah Ware – Katia van Dees
 Zachary Quinto – John Smith
 Ciarán Hinds – Peter Aaron Litvenko
 Thomas Kretschmann – Le Clerq
 Angelababy – Diana
 Rolf Kanies – Dr. Albert Delriego
 Dan Bakkedahl – Sanders
 Jürgen Prochnow – Tobias
 Sebastian Hülk–  Garad

Produção
A 5 de fevereiro de 2013, foi revelado que a 20th Century Fox estava produzindo um reboot de Hitman com o titulo Agent 47 baseado no personagem Agente 47. Skip Woods escreveu o roteiro com Mike Finch e o realizador de publicidade Aleksander Bach dirigiu o filme, sendo o primeiro de sua carreira.

Seleção de elenco
A 5 de fevereiro de 2013, Paul Walker foi o escolhido para o papel de 47, mas no entanto morreu em um acidente automobilístico em 30 de novembro de 2013. Em janeiro de 2014, Rupert Friend estava em negociações para substituir Walker. No mesmo período, confirmou-se que Zachary Quinto faria um papel secundário no filme. Em fevereiro Hannah Ware também se juntou ao elenco para ter o papel principal feminino. Em março, Thomas Kretschmann, Dan Bakkedahl, e Ciarán Hinds foram confirmados no elenco.

Filmagens
As filmagens eram originalmente para ocorrer em Berlim e Singapura durante 2013, adiadas para março de 2014. A fotografia começou um mês antes; foi lançada uma imagem de um cenário de filmagens europeu.

Marketing
Duas imagens do filme foram reveladas no San Diego Comic-Con International em 25 de julho de 2014. O primeiro trailer oficial foi lançado on-line em 11 de fevereiro de 2015.

Filmes com trilha sonora de Marco Beltrami
Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 2015
Filmes de espionagem dos Estados Unidos
Filmes com estreia na direção
Filmes da Alemanha de 2015
Filmes da TSG Entertainment
Filmes baseados em jogos eletrônicos
Filmes de espionagem da Alemanha
Filmes de ação dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de ação do Reino Unido
Filmes em língua inglesa
Filmes de espionagem do Reino Unido
Filmes do Reino Unido de 2015
Filmes sobre assassinatos de aluguel
Reinícios de filmes
Filmes ambientados em Salzburgo
Filmes ambientados em Berlim
Filmes ambientados em Singapura
Filmes gravados em Berlim
Filmes sobre segurança e vigilância
Filmes da 20th Century Studios
Filmes sobre clonagem
Hitman


text:
Goldwell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

James Goldwell, (d. 1499), a medieval Dean of Salisbury and Bishop of Norwich
Thomas Goldwell (d. 1585), English bishop and the last Catholic bishop of St. Asaph
Thomas Goldwell (prior), the last prior of Christ Church Priory, Canterbury before it was dissolved in the Dissolution of the Monasteries

See also
Goldwell Open Air Museum, outdoor sculpture park near the ghost town of Rhyolite in the U.S. state of Nevada


text:
Benling (av lågtyska beenlink 'litet ben') är ett slitstarkt skinn med hår från benen på ett djur. I vissa trakter av Norrland har ordet den dialektala formen bälling eller belling och syftar då i synnerhet på skinnet på renens ben som används i så kallade bällingskor, handskar och benskydd av i synnerhet samerna.

Se även
 Härna

Referenser

Skinn


text:
Julius Wagner ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Julius Wagner (Maler) (1818–um 1879), deutscher Maler
 Julius Wagner (General) (1842–1904), deutscher General der Infanterie
 Julius Wagner (Leichtathlet) (1882–1952), deutsch-schweizerischer Leichtathlet
 Julius Wagner (Geograph) (1886–1970), deutscher Geograph und Pädagoge
 Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1857–1940), österreichischer Arzt und Psychiater
 Julius Eugen Wagner (1857–1924), deutscher Chemiker und Hochschullehrer
 Julius Friedrich von Wagner (1835–1912), deutscher Diplomat


text:
Marc Polmans era il detentore del titolo ma ha deciso di non partecipare.

In finale Tomáš Macháč ha sconfitto Bjorn Fratangelo con il punteggio di 7-6(2), 6-3.

Teste di serie

  Gilles Simon (quarti di finale)
  Jiří Lehečka (quarti di finale)
  Zdeněk Kolář (secondo turno)
  Tomáš Macháč (campione)
  Bjorn Fratangelo (finale)
  Mitchell Krueger (semifinale)
  Jeffrey John Wolf (terzo turno)
  Michail Kukuškin (quarti di finale)

  Marc-Andrea Hüsler (terzo turno)
  Filip Horanský (terzo turno)
  Kimmer Coppejans (terzo turno)
  Jesper de Jong (semifinale)
  Maximilian Marterer (terzo turno)
  Robin Haase (secondo turno)
  Geoffrey Blancaneaux (terzo turno, ritirato)
  Juan Pablo Ficovich (secondo turno)

Qualificati

  Ernests Gulbis (primo turno)
  Calum Puttergill (primo turno)

  Rubin Statham (primo turno)
  Divij Sharan (primo turno)

Lucky loser

  Patrick Fitzgerald (primo turno)

<ol start="2">
  David Hough (primo turno)

Wildcard

  Jeremy Jin (primo turno)
  Joshua Charlton (primo turno)

  Philip Sekulic (primo turno)
  Blake Ellis (secondo turno)

Tabellone

Parte finale

Parte alta

Sezione 1

Sezione 2

Parte bassa

Sezione 3

Sezione 4

Collegamenti esterni

Traralgon Challenger 2022


text:
Un mime est un acteur qui joue le plus souvent des rôles muets, sans masque. Le mime est un genre théâtral dont les expressions principales sont l'attitude, la mimique et le geste. Il consiste à représenter un récit évocateur interprété par l'imaginaire du spectateur qui le reçoit. Dans la pantomime, sa forme narrative, le spectateur est conduit à ressentir les pensées et la vie intérieure de l'acteur.

Au , grâce au Français Étienne Decroux et les recherches de l'avant-garde russe, puis en particulier pendant la période 1970 - 2000, les styles de spectacles de mime se sont diversifiés, cette forme artistique contribuant alors au renouveau du théâtre.

Étymologie
Le TLFi indique que le terme « mime » est « emprunté au latin mimus « acteur de bas étage » et « farce de théâtre », du grec , « acteur bouffon » et « sorte de comédie » » ; le terme « pantomime » est « emprunté au latin pantomimus « mime, comédien qui s'exprime au moyen de gestes », du gr. παντομίμας  » », « celui qui mime tout ».

Pantomime

La pantomime est un spectacle narratif, généralement accompagné de musique, fondé sur le moyen d'expression de l'art du mime, plus difficilement accessible aux censures car son écriture est l'interprétation.

 Jean-Georges Noverre, réformateur du ballet, consacre plusieurs de ses Lettres sur la danse (1760) à l'art de la pantomime au .
 Diderot, dans son livre Le Neveu de Rameau, illustre à de nombreuses reprises la pantomime, le rapport entre le mime et le théâtre.
 En 1940, Étienne Decroux a créé son école à Paris, suivi en 1956 par Jacques Lecoq, et en 1978 par Marcel Marceau.
 Au Japon, à la suite du traumatisme de Hiroshima et de Nagasaki, Tatsumi Hijikata et Kazuo Oono créent le "buto", la "danse des ténèbres". Si l'art de Tatsumi Hijikata relève effectivement de la danse, celui de Kazuo Ōno correspond au mime.
 Isidore Isou présente, dans l'un des chapitres de son livre Fondements pour la transformation intégrale du théâtre (Bordas, 1953), le pantomime ciselant (ou destructif) qui propose l'enchaînement des expressions mimiques les unes à la suite des autres dans le rejet de l'anecdote générale, aboutissant progressivement à l'anéantissement de la gestuelle significative, narrative par des successions de gestes gratuits sans signification.

En 1908, Paul-Henry Burguet dans son film L'Empreinte ou la Main rouge réalise une adaptation de la pantomime Conscience, créée en 1901 au Kursaal de Genève, et reprise en 1903 à L'Olympia de Paris, un mimodrame signé de François Durel et Séverin, tiré lui-même d'une pièce plus ancienne intitulée Remords.

En Grande-Bretagne, pantomime a un sens différent : c'est une pièce (mise en scène traditionnelle à Noël) basée sur l'un des nombreux contes folkloriques, une comédie musicale, divertissement familial caractérisé par une histoire bien connue, des blagues ringardes, interaction avec le public (surtout les enfants), par le fait que les personnages incluent toujours une méchante vieille femme (du genre mère de Blanche-Neige) jouée par un homme et un jeune homme vaillant et bon (du genre prince charmant) joué par une jeune femme.

Le mime en France

La pratique du mime est inscrite à l'inventaire du patrimoine culturel immatériel en France depuis 2017. La ville de Périgueux accueille chaque année le festival Mimos entièrement consacré aux arts du Mime et du Geste.

Mimes renommés

 Jean-Gaspard Deburau (1796-1846), créateur du personnage du Pierrot
 Paul Legrand (1816–1898)
 Charles Deburau (1829-1873)
 Louis Rouffe (1849-1885)
 Théodore Jammet (1857-1935), dit
 Séverin Cafferra (1863-1930), dit
 Georges Wague (1874-1965)
 Harpo Marx (1888-1964)
 Charlie Chaplin (1889-1977)
 Buster Keaton (1895-1966)
 Étienne Decroux (1898-1991)
 Kazuo Ōno (1906-2010)
 Jean-Louis Barrault (1910-1994)
 Henryk Tomaszewski (1919-2001)
 Jacques Lecoq (1921-1999)
 Marcel Marceau (1923-2007), dit
 Pierre Boulanger (1928-1978)
 Maximilien Decroux (1930-2012)
 Adam Darius (1930-2017)
 Isaac Alvarez (1930-2020)
 Milan Sladek (né en 1938)
 Carlos Martínez Álvarez (né en 1955)
 Michel Courtemanche (né en 1964)
 Patrik Cottet-Moine (né en 1964)
 Pablo Zibes (né en 1971) (Argentine).
 Will Spoor (Pays-Bas), Jérôme Dechamps, Farid Chopel, Pierre Byland et Philippe Gautier (France), Remondi et Caporossi (Italie), Théâtre de Complicité (Grande-Bretagne), Ctibor Turba, Boleslav Polivka (République tchèque), Akademia Ruchu (Pologne), les Mummenschanz, Peter Wyssbrod (Suisse), Compagnie Alberto Vidal et de Fura dels Baus (Espagne), Compagnie Licedeï de Slava Polunin (Russie), Thomas Leabhart (États-Unis).

Compagnies actives depuis 2010
 Familie Flöz (Berlin)
 Théâtre du mouvement, ou  (, , entrée dans le parc Mushtaidi) (Tbilissi)

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

 William Weiss, « Mime et danse : diachronie et ontogénèse », Études françaises, volume 15, numéro 1-2, avril 1979, p. 35–56 (lire en ligne).

Articles connexes
 Mime corporel dramatique

  ou dumbshow
 Mibu-kyōgen
  ou Schwarzlichttheater ou Théâtre noir
  ou Schwarzes Theater (proche du Bunraku), dont
 Ta Fantastika Black Light Theatre
 Gestuelle des doigts et des mains
 Mimos, festival du mime à Périgueux
 Peter Bu
 Commedia dell'arte
 Popping, danse de rue, Locking,

Liens externes

Genre de danse
Genre théâtral
Communication non verbale
Silence
Inventaire du patrimoine culturel immatériel en France


text:
Viktor Svensk, född 17 mars 2001 i Borlänge, är en svensk orienterare tävlande för Stora Tuna OK.

Viktor Svensk blev 2021 silvermedaljör på medeldistans vid junior-VM i Turkiet och ingick också i det svenska stafettlaget som tillsammans med Noel Braun och Axel Elmblad  vann guld dagen efter.

Vid Europamästerskapen i orientering 2022 ingick Viktor Svensk tillsammans med Isac von Krusenstierna och Max Peter Bejmer i det svenska stafettlag (Sverige 3) som blev silvermedaljörer.

Referenser

Svenska orienterare
Födda 2001
Levande personer
Män
Idrottare från Borlänge