text:
List of abbreviations, acronyms and initials related to military subjects such as modern armour, artillery, infantry, and weapons, along with their definitions.

A
 a – army
 AA – anti-aircraft
 AA – AEGIS Ashore
 AAA – anti-aircraft artillery "Triple A"
 AAAV – Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicle
 AAD – Armoured amphibious dozer
 AADC – Area Air Defense Commander
 AAG – Anti-aircraft gun
 AAK – Appliqué armor kit (US)
 AAN – Army after next
 AAP – Advance Authority to Procure
 AAPC – advanced armoured personnel carrier (Turkey)
 AARADCOM – Army Armament Research and Development Command
 AAR – After Action Review
 AAV – Amphibious assault vehicle
 AAV – Assault Amphibious Vehicle
 AAW – Anti-Aircraft Warfare
 AAWC – Anti-Aircraft Warfare Coordinator
 AB – Air burst
 ABC – Atomic, biological, chemical (replaced by chemical, biological, radiological (CBR), and Nuclear, Biological, Chemical (NBC))
 ABC – Automatic brightness control
 AB(C) – Aviation battalion (combat)
 ABIT – Advanced Built-In Test
 ABM – Air Bursting Munition
 ABM – Anti-Ballistic Missile
 ABMD – AEGIS Ballistic Missile Defense
 ABMS – air bursting ammunition system
 ABRO – Army Base Repair Organisation
 ABS – Aww-Busting System
 ABS – anti-skid braking system
 ABSP – AEGIS Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Signal Processor
 ABSV – Armoured Battlegroup Support Vehicle
 A/C – aircraft commander
 AC – alternating current
 ACA – ammunition container assembly
 ACADA' – Automatic Chemical Agent Detector and Alarm
 ACAVP – Advanced Composite Armoured Vehicle Platform (UK)
 ACB – Advanced Capability Build
 ACB/TI – Advanced Capability Baseline/Technical Insertion
 ACC – AEGIS Computer Center
 ACCE – Abrams/Crusader Common Engine
 ACCV – Armored Cavalry Cannon Vehicle (US)
 ACD – Automated Common Diagrams
 ACE – Armored Combat Earthmover (US)
 ACEGIO – Advanced Conversion Equipment Group Input Output
 ACH – Advanced Combat Helmet (MICH TC-2000 Combat Helmet)
 ACLOS – Automatic Command to Line of Sight
 ACM – Acoustic Countermeasures
 ACOG – Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight
 ACOMMS – Acoustic Communications
 ACP – Automatic Colt Pistol
 ACP – Alignment control Panel
 ACPU – Aft Central Processing Unit
 ACR – Advanced Combat Rifle
 ACR – Armored cavalry regiment
 ACRV – Armoured command and reconnaissance vehicle
 ACS – Artillery communications system
 ACS – AEGIS Combat System
 ACS – Air Control Supervisor
 ACSC' – AEGIS Combat Systems Center
 ACTS – AEGIS Combat Training System
 ACU – Army Combat Uniform
 ACU – Antenna Coupler Unit
 ACV – Aardvark Clearing Vehicle
 ACV – Armoured combat vehicle
 ACVT – Armored Combat Vehicle Technology Program (US)
 A/D – Analog to Digital
 ADA – air defense artillery
 ADAM – Area Denial Artillery Munition
 ADAMS – Air Defense Advanced Mobile System (US)
 ADAP – Advanced Digital Antenna Production
 ADATS – Air Defence Anti-Tank System
 ADC-A – Assistant Division Commander – Fire and Maneuver
 ADC-B – Assistant Division Commander – Combat Support
 ADEA – Army Development and Employment Agency
 ADF – Australian Defence Force
 ADG' – Acoustic Display Generator
 ADI – Australian Defence Industries
 ADM – Advanced Development Model
 ADM – Acquisition Decision Memorandum [US]
 ADNS – Automated Digital Network System
 ADS – Advanced Display System
 AE – action express
 AECU – Antenna Environmental Control Unit
 AEF – Allied expeditionary force
 AEP – Action Entry Panel
 AER – Alteration Equivalent to Repair
 AESA – Active electronically scanned array
 AEWC – Airborne Early Warning and Control
 AEV – Armoured engineer vehicle
 AF – Air force
 AF – And Following (as "in DDG-113 AF ships will receive the AMDR Radar")
 AFA/ARA – Aerial field artillery/aerial rocket artillery (US, Vietnam war era attack helicopter batteries employing 2.75 in. FFAR)
 AFARV – Armored, Forward Area, Re-arm Vehicle (US)
 AFAS – Advanced Field Artillery System
 AFATDS – Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System
 AFC – Australian Flying Corps
 AFCS – automatic fire-control systems
 AFD – automatic feeding device
 AFDL – Advanced Flight Deck Lighting
 AFFF – Aqueous Fire Fighting Foam (smothers fire cutting off oxygen)
 AFSC – Air Force Specialty Code
 AFSV – armoured fire support vehicle
 AFV – Armored Family of Vehicles (US)
 AFV – Armoured fighting vehicle
 AGC – automatic gain control
 AGF – Army Ground Forces
 AGL – Above Ground Level
 AGL – automatic grenade launcher
 AGLS – automatic gun laying system
 AGS – Armored Gun System (US)
 AGS – advanced gun system
 AGV – assault gun vehicle
 AGVT – Advanced Ground Vehicle Technology
 Ah – Ampere hour
 AHC – Attack Helicopter Company (USA)
 AHE – Aircraft Handling Equipment
 AI – Action Item
 AIC – Air Intercept Controller (US Navy)
 AICS – Accuracy International Chassis System
 AICW – Advanced Individual Combat Weapon
 AIF – Australian Imperial Force (Australia, WWI or WWII)
 AIFS – Advanced Indirect Fire System
 AIFV – Armoured infantry fighting vehicle
 AIPS – Advanced Integrated Propulsion System (US)
 AIS – Automatic Identification System (US NAVY)
 AIT – Alteration Installation Team
 AIT – Advanced Information Technology
 AK – Acknowledgement
 ALAAVS – Advanced Light Armored/Amphibious Vehicle System (US)
 ALC – Advanced Land Combat (US)
 ALICE – All-purpose Lightweight Individual Carrying Equipment
 ALO – AEGIS Light Off
 ALS – Advanced laying system
 ALS – Advanced Lighting System (flight deck)
 ALSV – Armoured logistics support vehicle
 ALT – Armoured launching turret
 ALWT – Advanced Lightweight Torpedo
 AM – Acquisition Manager
 AMC – United States Army Materiel Command
 AMC – Advanced Mortar Carrier (Turkey)
 AMCCOM – Armament Munitions and Chemical Command
 AMDR – Air and Missile Defense Radar
 AMDS – Anti-Missile Discarding Sabot
 AMF – Amphibische Mehrzweck-Fahrzeuge (multipurpose amphibious vehicle)
 AML – Automitrailleuse Légère (light armoured car)
 AMLCD – Active-matrix liquid crystal display
 AMN - Afghanistan Mission Network
 AMOS – Advanced mortar system
 AMPS – Afloat Master Planning System (US NAVY)
 AMR – Anti-materiel rifle
 AMR – Automitrailleuse de Reconnaissance
 AMRWS – Advanced multi-role weapon station
 AMS – Armoured mortar system
 AMS-H –  Advanced Missile System – Heavy
 AMX – Atelier de Construction d'Issy-les-Moulineaux
 ANAD – Anniston Army Depot
 ANZAC – Australia and New Zealand Army Corps
 ANZUS – Australia New Zealand United States Treaty
 AO – Area of operations
 AOI – Arab Organisation for Industrialisation
 AOS – Add-on stabilisation
 AP – Anti-personnel
 AP – Armour-piercing
 APAM – Anti-personnel, anti-matériel
 APBC – Armour-Piercing Ballistic Cap
 APC – Army Personnel Centre
 APC – Armoured personnel carrier
 APC – Armour-piercing capped
 APCBC – Armour-piercing capped ballistic cap
 APC-T – Armour-piercing capped – tracer
 APCT-BF – Armour-piercing capped tracer – base fuze
 APCNR – Armour-piercing composite non-rigid
 APCR – Armour-piercing composite rigid
 APCRBC – Armour-piercing composite rigid ballistic cap
 APDS – Armour-piercing discarding sabot
 APDS-T – Armour-piercing discarding sabot – tracer
 APE – Amphibisches Pionier-Erkundungsfahrzeug (amphibious front-line reconnaissance vehicle)
 APEP – Armour-Piercing Enhancement Programme
 APERS – Anti-personnel
 APERS-T – Anti-personnel tracer
 APFIDS – Armour-piercing fragmentation incendiary discarding sabot
 APFSDS – Armour-piercing fin-stabilised discarding sabot
 APFSDS-T – Armour-piercing fin-stabilised discarding sabot – tracer
 APFSDS(P) – Armour-piercing fin-stabilised discarding sabot (practice)
 APFSDSDU – Armour-piercing fin-stabilised discarding sabot, depleted uranium
 APG – Aberdeen Proving Grounds
 APGM – Autonomous precision-guided munition
 APHC – Armour-piercing hard core
 APHE – Armour-piercing high-explosive
 API – Armour-piercing incendiary
 APIT – Armour-piercing incendiary tracer
 APM – Anti-personnel mine
 APS – Advanced propulsion system
 APS – Artillery pointing system
 APSA – Armour-piercing secondary effect
 APSE – Armour-piercing secondary effect
 APSE-T – Armour-piercing secondary effect – tracer
 APT – Armour-piercing tracer
 APTE – Abrams Power Train Evolution (US)
 APU – Auxiliary power unit
 APV – Armoured patrol vehicle
 AR – ArmaLite rifle
 AR/AAV – Armored Reconnaissance/Airborne Assault Vehicle (US)
 ARD – Anti-reflective device
 ARDEC – Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center
 ARDNOT – Automatic day/night optical tracker
 ARE – Atelier de Construction Roanne
 ARETS – Armour Remote Target System
 ARFORGEN – Army force generation
 ARM – Anti-radiation missile
 ARMAD – Armoured and Mechanised Unit Air Defence
 ARMSCOR – Armament Manufacturing Corporation (South Africa)
 ARMVAL – Anti-armor vehicle evaluation (US)
 ARP – Anti-radiation projectile
 ARP – Armoured repair plates
 ARRADCOM – Armament Research and Development Command
 ARRV – Armoured repair and recovery vehicle
 ARSV – Armored Reconnaissance Scout Vehicle (US)
 ART – Armoured Recon Transport
 ARV – Armoured recovery vehicle or Armed Robotic Vehicle (XM1219)
 ASA – Advanced security agency
 ASAP – As soon as possible
 ASARC – Army Systems Acquisition Review Council
 ASCOD – Austrian Spanish Co-operative Development
 ASM – Air-to-Surface Missile
 ASP – Automatic, self-powered
 ASTROS – Artillery Saturation Rocket System (Brazil)
 ASV – Armored Security Vehicle (US)
 ASV – Ammunition supply vehicle
 AT – Anti-tank
 AT – Ape tape
 ATACS – Advanced tank cannon system (US)
 ATAS – Automatic target acquisition system
 ATCAS – Advanced towed cannon system
 ATD – Advanced technology demonstration
 ATD – Advanced technology demonstrator (US)
 ATD – Automatic target detection
 ATDT – Automatic target detection and tracking
 ATDU – Armoured Trials and Development Unit (UK)
 ATFCS – Automated Targeting and Fire Control System
 ATG – Anti-tank gun
 ATGL – Anti-tank grenade launcher
 ATGM – Anti-tank guided missile
 ATGW – Anti-tank guided weapon
 ATK – Alliant Techsystems
 ATLAS – Advanced technology light artillery system
 ATLV – Artillery target location vehicle
 ATM – Anti-tank mine
 ATR – - EDS Automotive test rig – Electric drive system
 ATS – Atelier de Construction de Tarbes
 ATTC – All Terrain Tracked Carrier
 ATTS – Air Transportable Towed System
 ATV –  All-terrain vehicle
 ATV – Armoured TOW vehicle (Turkey)
 AUG – Armee Universal Gewehr
 AVGP – Armoured Vehicle General Purpose (Canada)
 AVH – Armoured Vehicle Heavy
 AVL – Armoured Vehicle Light
 AVLB – Armoured vehicle-launched bridge
 AVM – Armoured Vehicle Medium
 AVR – Armoured vehicle reconnaissance
 AVRE – Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers (UK)
 AVT – Advanced Vehicle Technologies (US)
 AWE – Advanced Warfighting Experiment
 AWOL – Absent without official leave
 APC - Armored Personnel Carrier

B
 BAe – British Aerospace
 BAI – Battlefield Air interdiction
 BAMCIS – Begin the Planning, Arrange Recon, Make Recon, Complete Planning, Issue Order, Supervise
 BAR – M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle
 BARCAP – Barrier Combat Air Patrol
 BARV – Beach Armoured Recovery Vehicle
 BASE – British Aerospace Systems and Equipment
 BATES – Battlefield Artillery Target Engagement System
 BAT – Biometrics Automated Toolset
 BB – Base bleed
 BB - Battleship
 BBSP – Blowback shifted pulse
 BC – Battery commander
 BC – Battlecruiser
 BCC – battery control centre
 BCP – Battery command post
 BCT – Brigade combat team (US)
 BCT – Basic combat training
 BCV – Battle command vehicle
 BD – base detonating
 BDA – Browning double action or bomb damage assessment
 BDM – Bunker defeat munition
 BDU – Battle dress uniform
 BE – Base ejection
 BFA – Blank-firing adaptor or blank-firing attachment
 BFV – Bradley Fighting Vehicle
 BG – Border guard
 bhp – Brake horsepower
 BIFF – Battlefield identification friend or foe
 BILL – Bofors, infantry, light and lethal, referring to RBS 56 BILL or RBS 56B BILL 2
 BITE – Built-in test equipment
 BL – Blank
 BL-T – Black tracer
 BLITS – Beta lighted infantry telescope system
 BLT – Battalion landing team
 BLR – Blindado Ligero de Ruedas
BM – Brigade Major
 BMF – Belgian Mechanical Fabrication
 BMNT – Begin morning nautical twilight
 BMP – Pronounced "bimp".  Former Warsaw Pact IFVs including BMP-1, BMP-2, BMP-3, etc.
 BMR – Blindado Medio de Ruedas
 BMS – Battalion mortar system
 BMS – Battlefield management system
 BNCC (USAF) – Base network control center
 BNS – BILL night sight
 BOCV – Battery operations centre vehicle
 BOG-Dwell – Boots on the ground – dwell (down time)
 BOL – Bearing-only launch
 BOLTS – Bolt-on loading tray system
 BOSS – Ballistic optimizing shooting system
 BPS – Battery power source
 BSB –  Brigade support battalion
 BSP – Bright source protection
 BSSG – Brigade service support group
 BST – Basic skills trainer
 BT – Boat tail
 BT – Bullet trap
 BTA – Best technical approach
 BTRY – Battery
 BTU – Bullet trap universal
 BUA – BILL under armour or built-up area
 BW – Biological warfare
 BX – Bionix AFV

C
 C2 – Command and Control
 C3I – Command, control, communications, and intelligence
 C4 – Composition C-4
 C4ISTAR – Command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance
 C5I – Command, control, communications, computers, collaboration and intelligence
 C6ISR – command, control, communications, computers, cyber-defense, combat systems and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance
 CAB – Combat aviation battalion
 CAB - Combat Action Badge
 CAD – Computer-assisted design
 CAG – Commander Air Group
 CAL – Canadian Arsenals Limited
 CAP – Civil air patrol (USAF civilian auxiliary)
 CAP – Combat air patrol
 CAP – Combustible augmented plasma
 CAP – Covering Agent Program
 CARRV – Challenger armoured repair and recovery vehicle
 CAS – Close air support
 CASEVAC – Casualty evacuation
 CAT/FCS – Command adjusted trajectory/fire-control system (US)
 CAT/LCV – Combined arms team/lightweight combat vehicle (US)
 CATT – Combined arms tactical trainer (UK)
 CATT-B – Component Advanced Technology TestBed (US)
 CAV – Composite armored vehicle (US)
 CAWS – Cannon Artillery Weapons Systems (US)
 CAX – Combined Arms Exercise
 CB – Heavy Cruiser
 CBR – Chemical, biological, radiological
 CBRNE – Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosive
 CCC – Combustible cartridge case
 CCD – Charge-coupled device
 CCIP – Constantly computed impact point
 CCO – Close combat optic
 CCP - Casualty Collection Point
 CCP – Computer control panel
 CCR – Crown copyright reserved
 CCTV – Closed-circuit television
 CCU – Central control unit
 CCV – Close combat vehicle
 CCV – Command and control vehicle (US)
 CCV-L – Close combat vehicle – light
 cd – candela
 CDA – Combat defensive action
 CDM – Coastal defence missile
 CDU – Command display unit
 CDU – Computer display unit
 CE – Chemical energy
 C/E – Crew/enlisted (enlisted aircrew member)
 CECOM – Communications-electronics command
 CEFO – Combat equipment fighting order (webbing contents)
 CENTCOM – Central Command
 CENTO – Central Treaty Organisation or Baghdad Pact
 CEOI –  Communications electronics operating instruction
 CEP – Circular error probable
 CES – Engineer Services Regiment (Sri Lanka)
 CEPP – Controlled effect police projectile
 CET – Combat engineer tractor
 CEU – Computer electronics unit
 CEV – Combat engineer vehicle
 CF – Canadian Forces
 CF – Controlled fragmentation
 CFE – Conventional forces Europe
 CFV – Cavalry fighting vehicle (US)
 CG – Commanding general
 CGS – Crew gunnery simulator
 CHA – Cast homogeneous armour
 CHARM – Challenger Chieftain armament
 CHIP – Challenger improvement programme
 CIFV – Composite infantry fighting vehicle
 CILAS – Compagnie Industrielle des Lasers
 CINC – Commander In-Chief
 CIP – Combat Identification Panel
 CIS – Chartered Industries of Singapore
 CIS – Commonwealth of Independent States
 CITV – Commander's independent thermal viewer (US)
 CIWS – Close-in weapons system
 CL – Light Cruiser
 CLAMS – Clear lane marking system (US)
 CLASS – Computerised Laser Sight System
 CLAWS – Close combat light armor weapon system (US)
 CLGP – Cannon-launched guided projectile (US)
 CLOS – Command to line of sight
 CLU – Command launch unit as used in FGM-148 Javelin
 CM – Colour-marking or "continue mission"
 CMS – Common missile system
 CMS – Compact modular sight
 CMT – Cadmium–mercury telluride
 CMV – Combat mobility vehicle (US)
 CNVD – Clip-on night vision device
 COA – Course Of Action
 COB – Close of Business
 CO – Commanding officer
 COG – Course over ground
 COMVAT – Combat vehicles armament technology (US)
 COMZ – Communications zone
 COP – Combat outpost
 COS – Chief of section
 COSCOM – Corps support command (US Army)
 CofS – Chief of staff
 COTAC – Conduite de Tir Automatique pour Char (tank automatic fire)
 COTS – Commercial-off-the-shelf
 COV – Counter obstacle vehicle (US)
 CP - Command Post
 CP – Concrete-piercing
 CPR – Common practice round
 CPS – Cardinal points specification (UK)
 CPV – Command post vehicle
 CQB – Close quarters battle
 CQBR – Close-quarters battle receiver
 CR – Capability requirement
 CR – Sri Lanka Army Commando Regiment
 CRISAT – Collaborative Research into Small Arms Technology
 CRM – Composite risk management (US)
 CROWS – Common Remotely Operated Weapon Station
 CRR – Carro de Reconhecimento Sobre Rodas (reconnaissance tracking scout car)
 CRT – Cathode ray tube
 CRU – Cable reel unit
 CS – Communications subsystem
 CS – Confined space
 CS – Communications squadron (USAF)
 CSB – Combat Support Boat
 CSF – Combined service forces
 CSI – computer-synthesised image
 CSS – Computer sighting system
 CSSD – Combat service support detachment
 CTA – Case telescoped ammunition
 CTD – Concept technology demonstrator
 CTI – Central tyre inflation
 CTIS – Central tyre inflation system
 CTO – Central Treaty Organisation or Baghdad Pact
 CTR – Close Target Recce
 CTRA – Carro de Transporte Sobre Rodas Anfibo (amphibious tracking scout car)
 CTT – Challenger training tank
 CUOPS - Current Operations
 CV – Aircraft Carrier
 CV90 – Combat Vehicle 90
 CVAST – Combat vehicle armament system technology (US)
 CVR(T) – Combat vehicle reconnaissance (tracked) (UK)
 CVR(W) – Combat vehicle reconnaissance (wheeled) (UK)
 CVRDE – Combat vehicle research and development establishment (India)
 CVT – Controlled variable time
 CVTTS – Combat vehicle targeting system
 CW – Chemical warfare
 CWR – Continuous wave radar
 CWS – Cupola weapon station

D
 DA – double action
 DAHA – dual-axis head assembly
 DAO – double action only
 DARCOM – US Army Matériel Development and Readiness Command
 DAREOD – damaged airfield reconnaissance explosive ordnance disposal
 DARPA – Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (US)
 DAS – deep air support
 DAS – defensive aids system/suite
 DASP – demountable artillery surveillance pod
 DC – direct current
 DCA – défense contre avions (anti-aircraft)
 DCCT – dismounted close combat trainer
 DD – Detroit Diesel
 DD – Destroyer
 DDA – Detroit Diesel Allison
 DDS – Department of Defense Support
 DDU – digital display unit
 DEAD – Destruction of Enemy Air Defense
 DECA – digital electronic control assembly
 DEFA – direction des études et fabrications d'armement
 DERA – Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (UK)
 DESO – Defence Export Sales Organisation (UK)
 DFAC – Dining Facility (US)
 DFCS – digital fire-control system
 DFSV – direct fire support vehicle
 DFV – desert fighting vehicle
 DDG – Guided Missile Destroyer
 DG - Door Gunner (Helicopter)
 DHSS – data handling subsystem
 DIA – Defense Intelligence Agency (US)
 DICON – Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria
 DIP – driver instrument panel
 DISA – Defense Information Systems Agency
 DISCOM – division support command
 DIVARTY – division artillery
 DMC – digital magnetic compass
 DMR – Designated marksman rifle
 DMU – distance measurement unit
 DNRS – day/night range sight
 DoD – Department of Defense (US)
 DOIM – Directorate of Information Management (US Army)
 DOP – Department of Productivity
 DP – demonstration purpose
 DP – dual purpose
 DPA – Defence Procurement Agency (UK)
 DPICM – Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munition (US)
 DPTR – diopter
 DRA – Defence Research Agency (UK)
 DROPS – demountable rack offloading and pick-up system
 DROS – Date of Return Overseas (US)
 DS/T – practice discarding sabot/tracer
 DSACS – direct support armored cannon system (US)
 DSETS – direct support electrical test system
 DSO – Defence Sales Organisation
 DSRV – Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle (US)
 DSWS – Division Support Weapon System
 DTAT – Direction Technique des Armements Terrestres
 DTT – driver training tank
 DU – depleted uranium
 DV – demining vehicle
 DVE – driver's vision enhancer
 DWFK – deep water fording kit
 DZ – drop zone

E
 EAAK – Enhanced Appliqué Armor Kit (US)
 EAS – End of Active Service
 EAOS – Enhanced Artillery Observation System
 EBG – Engin Blindé Génie (armoured combat vehicle)
 EBR – Engin Blindé de Reconnaissance (armoured reconnaissance vehicle)
 EBRC – Engine Blindé à roues de Contact
 EC – Enhanced Carbine
 ECB – Engineering and Construction Bulletins
 ECM – Electronic countermeasures
 ECOS – Enhanced Combat Optical Sight
 ECS – Environmental Control Subsystem
 ECV – Enhanced Capacity Vehicle
 EDD – Explosive Detonation Disruption
 EDS – Electric Drive System
  – Etablissement d'Etudes et de Fabrications d'Armement de Bourges
 EFC – equivalent full charge
 EFCR – equivalent full charge rounds
 EFM – Explosives Factory Maribyrnong
 EFP – Expanded Feasibility Phase
 EFP – Explosively Formed Penetrator
 EFV – Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (New name for AAAV)
 EFVS – Electronic Fighting Vehicle System (US)
 EG – External Gun
 EGLM – Enhanced Grenade Launcher Module
 EI – Engineering and Installation
 EIS – Engineering and Installation Squadron
 EI SIT – Engineering and Installation Site Implementation Team
 ELB – Extended Life Barrel
 ELEC – Electrical, Electric
 ELEK - Electronic
 ELEX – Electronics
 ELKE – Elevated Kinetic Energy Weapon (US)
 ELSAP – Elektronische Schiessanlage für Panzer (electronic fire system for tanks)
 EM – electromagnetic
 EMALS – Electromagnetic Aircraft Launcher System
 EMC – Executive Management Committee
 EMD – Engineering and Manufacturing Development
 EMDG – Euromissile Dynamics Group
 EMEW – Electromagnet Explosive Warhead
 EMG – externally mounted gun
 EMP – electromagnetic pulse
 EMPG – Electromagnetic Pulse Grenade
 ENGESA – Engesa Engenheiros Especializados (Brazil)
 EOC – Essential Operational Capability
 EOD – Explosive Ordnance Disposal
 EOR – Explosive Ordnance Reconnaissance
 EOTS – Electro-Optical Targeting System
 EOW - End of Watch
 EPC – Electronic plane conversion
 EPC – Engin Principal de Combat (future main battle tank)
 EPG – Enhanced Performance Grenade
 EPG – European Production Group
 EPG – European Programme Group
 EPS – Electrical Power Subsystem
 EPU – Electronics Processing Unit
 ER – enhanced radiation
 ER – extended range
 ERA – explosive reactive armour
 ERA – extended range ammunition
 ERC – Engin de Reconnaissance Canon
 ERFB – extended range full-bore
 ERFB-BB – extended range full-bore – base bleed
 ERGFCDS – Extended Range Gunnery Fire-Control Demonstration System
 ERGP – extended range guided projectile
 ERMIS – Extended Range Modification Integration System
 ERP – Extended Range Projectile
 ERSC – extended range subcalibre
 ERV – emergency rescue vehicle
 ERV – Engineer Reconnaissance Vehicle
 ES – Extreme Spread
 ESAF – Electronic Safety and Arm Function
 ESD – Electronique Serge Dassault
 ESLDE – Eyesafe Laser Daylight Elbow
 ESPAWS – Enhanced Self-Propelled Artillery Weapon System (US)
 ESRS – electro-slag refined steel
 ETA – Estimated Time of Arrival
 ETC – ElectroThermal Cannon
 ETD – Estimated Time of Departure
 ETE – Estimated Time of Endurance
 ETM – Electronic Technical Manuals
 ETS – Elevated TOW System
 ETS – Engineer Tank System
 ETS – End of Term of Service (discharge date) (US)
 EW  – electronic warfare
 EWK – Eisenwerke Kaiserslautern Gцppner
 EWS – external weapon station

F
 FAAD – Forward Area Air Defense
 FAAR – Forward Area Alerting Radar (US)
 FAARP – Forward Area Arming & Refueling Point
 FAASV – Field Artillery Ammunition Support Vehicle (US)
 FAC – Forward Air Control(er)
 FAC-A – Forward Air Control(er)-Airborne
 FACE – Field Artillery Computer Equipment
 FAL – Fusil Automatique Légère
 FAPDS – Frangible Armour-Piercing Discarding Sabot
 FARP – Forward Area Refueling Point
 FARS – field artillery rocket system
 FARV-A – Future Armored Resupply Vehicle – Artillery (US)
 FAST – Forward Area Support Team or Future Assault Shell Technology
 FAV – Fast Attack Vehicle (US)
 FBI – Federal Bureau of Investigation
 FBM – Fleet Ballistic Missile
 FBRV – Future Beach Recovery Vehicle (UK)
 FCC – Fire Command Centre
 FCC – Fire-Control Computer
 FCCVS – Future Close-Combat Vehicle System (US)
 FCE – fire-control equipment
 FCLV – Future Command and Liaison Vehicle (UK)
 FCS – fire-control system/subsystem
 FCS – Future Combat System
 FCU – Fire Control Unit
 FDC – fire direction centre
 FDCV – fire direction centre vehicle
 FDSWS – Future Direct Support Weapon System
 FEBA – Forward Edge of the Battle Area
 FEP – Firepower Enhancement Programme
 FET – Future Engineer Tank
 FFAR – Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket
 FFE – Fire for Effect
 FFR – Fitted For Radio
 FFSS – Future Fighting Soldier System
 FFW – Fitted For Wireless
 FG – field gun
 FH – field howitzer
 FIBUA – Fighting In Built-Up Areas
 FID – Foreign Internal Defense
 FIFV – Future Infantry Fighting Vehicle (US)
 FIRM – Floating Integrated Rail Mount
 FIS – Fuze Interface System
 FISH –  Fighting In Someone's House (UK) (Colloquial. Slang term for FIBUA)
 FIST – Future Integrated Soldier Technology (UK), Fire Support Team (US)
 FISTV – Fire Support Team Vehicle (US)
 FITOW – Further Improved TOW (US)
 FLEA – Frangible Low-Energy Ammunition (i.e. a fragmentation grenade or a low-yield IED)
 FLIR – forward-looking infra-red
 FLOT – forward line of own troops
 FLSW – Future Light Support Weapon
 FM – U.S. Army Field Manuals
 FM – Titanium tetrachloride (code designation)
 FMBS – Family of Muzzle Brake/Suppressors
 FMC – Food Machinery Corporation
 FMF – Fleet Marine Force
 FMJ – Full Metal Jacket
 FMJBT – Full Metal Jacket Boat Tail
 FMJLF – Full Metal Jacket Lead Free
 FMN - Federated Mission Networking
 FMPDS – Frangible Missile Piercing Discarding Sabot
 FMS – Foreign Military Sales
 FMTV – Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles
 FN – Fabrique Nationale (Manufacturer)
 FNG – Fucking New Guy
 FO – Forward Observer
 FOB – Forward Operating Base
 FOC – Full Operational Capability
 FOD – Foreign Object Damage (i.e., damage not caused by enemy fire. Includes bugs, dirt, etc.) (Aviation)
 FOG – Fibre Optic Gyro
 FOM – Fibre Optic Missile
 FOO – forward observation officer
 FORTIS – Forward Observation and Reconnaissance Thermal Imaging System
 FOTT – Follow On To TOW
 FOV – field of view
 FPA – Focal Plane Array
 FPL – Final Protective Fire
 FRAG – fragmentation
 FRAGO – FRAGmentary Order. (see OPORD)
 FRES – Future Rapid Effect System
 FROG – free rocket over ground
 FSCL – fire support coordination line
 FSCM – fire support coordination measure
 FSCV – fire support combat vehicle
 FS – fire support element
 FSED – full-scale engineering development (US)
 FSSG – Force Service Support Group
 FST – Future Soviet Tank/Follow-on Soviet Tank
 FSV – fire support vehicle
 FSV – Future Scout Vehicle (US)
 FTA – Frangible Training Ammunition
 FTMA – Future Tank Main Armament
 FTS – Future Tank Study
 FTT – Field Tactical Trainer
 FUBAR – Fouled/Fucked Up Beyond All Reason/Recognition/Repair
 FUE – First Unit Equipped
 FUG – Felderitц Usу Gépkosci
 FV – fighting vehicle
 FV/GCE – fighting vehicle gun control equipment
 FVDD – Fighting Vehicle Development Division
 FVRDE – Fighting Vehicle Research and Development Establishment (UK)
 FVS – Fighting Vehicle System (US)
 FVSC – Fighting Vehicle Systems Carrier (US)
 FY – fiscal year

G
 g – gramme(s)
 G – gendarmerie
 GAMA – Gun Automatic Multiple Ammunition
 GAO – General Accounting Office
 GAP – Gun Aiming Post
 GBAD – Ground Based Air Defence
 GCE – gun control equipment
 GCT – Grande Cadence de Tir (high rate of fire)
 GCU – Gun Control Unit
 GCW – Gross Combined Weight (not "Gross Combat Weight"). Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) plus Gross Trailer Weight (GTW).
 GD – General Dynamics
 GDLS – General Dynamics Land Systems
 GDU – Gun Display Unit
 GFE – Government Furnished Equipment
 GH – gun-howitzer
 GIGN-Groupe d'intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale ("National Gendarmerie Intervention Group")
 GIAT – Groupement Industriel des Armements Terrestres
 GL – Grenade Launcher
 GLATGM – Gun Launched Anti-Tank Guided Missile
 GLC – gun lay computer
 GLDNSM – Grenade Launcher Day-Night Sight Mount
 GLH-H – Ground-Launched Hellfire-Heavy (US)
 GLLD – Ground Laser Locator Designator (US)
 GLS – Gesellschaft für Logistischen Service
 GM, MVO – General Motors, Military Vehicle Operations
 GMC – General Motors Corporation
 GMG – Grenade Machine Gun
 GMLRS – Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System
 GMS – Gun Management System
 GND – Ground (electrical)
 GOCO – government-owned, contractor-operated (US)
 GOP – General Out Post
 GP – General Purpose
 GP – guided projectile
 GPMG – General Purpose Machine Gun
 GPO – gun position officer
 GPS – Global Positioning System
 GPS – gunner's primary sight
 GPSS – Gunner's Primary Sight Subsystem
 GR – Gajaba Regiment (Sri Lanka)
 GREM – Grenade Rifle Entry Munition
GRIT – Group, Range, Indication, Type of fire
 GRU – Glavnoe Razvedyvatel'noe Upravlenie, meaning Main Intelligence Directorate
 GSR – General Staff Requirement (US)
 GSRS – General Support Rocket System
 GSG9- Grenzschutzgruppe 9 der Bundespolizei (Border Protection Group 9 of the Federal Police)
 GSOF – Georgian Special Operations Forces
 GST – General Staff Target
 GST – Gesellschaft fьr System-Technik
 GTCS – Gun Test and Control System
 GTG – Good To Go
 GTI – German Tank Improvement
 GTW – Gross Trailer Weight
 GVW – Gross Vehicle Weight. Curb weight plus max payload weight.
 GW – Gemunu Watch (Sri Lanka)
 GW – guided weapon

H
 h – hour(s)
 H&K – Heckler and Koch
 HAB – Heavy Assault Bridge (US)
 HAB – Heavy Artillery Brigade (UK)
 HAG – Heavy Artillery Gun
 HAHO – High Altitude High Opening
 HALO – High Altitude Low Opening, High Activity/Low Observable
 HAMS – Headquarters and Maintenance Squadron – Marine Aircraft Group (USMC)
 HAWK – Homing-All-the-Way-Killer (US)
 HB – heavy barrel
 HBAR – Heavy Barrel Assault Rifle
 HC – Hexachloroethane/zinc
 HC – high-capacity
 HC – Hollow Charge
 HCER – high-capacity extended range
 HCHE – high-capacity high-explosive
 HCT – HOT Compact Turret
 HDS – HOLOgraphic Diffraction Sight
 HE – high-explosive
 HE-APERS – high-explosive anti-personnel
 HE-FRAG – high-explosive fragmentation
 HE-FRAG-FS – high-explosive fragmentation – fin-stabilised
 HE-FS – high-explosive – fin-stabilised
 HE-S – high-explosive spotting
 HE-T – high-explosive tracer
 HE/PR – high-explosive practice
 HEAA – High-Explosive Anti-Armour
 HEAB – High-Explosive Air Burst
 HEAP – High-Explosive Armor-Piercing
 HEAP-T – high-explosive anti-personnel – tracer
 HEAT – high-explosive anti-tank
 HEAT-FS – high-explosive anti-tank fin-stabilised
 HEAT-MP – high-explosive anti-tank multipurpose
 HEAT-MP(P) – high-explosive anti-tank multipurpose (practice)
 HEAT-T – high-explosive anti-tank – tracer
 HEAT-T-HVY – high-explosive anti-tank – tracer – heavy
 HEAT-T-MP – high-explosive anti-tank – tracer – multipurpose
 HEAT-TP-T – high-explosive anti-tank – target practice – tracer
 HED-D – Hybrid Electric Drive – Demonstrator
 HEDP – high-explosive dual-purpose
 HEER – High-Explosive Extended Range (US)
 HEF – high-explosive fragmentation
 HEFT –  High-Explosive Follow Through
 HEI – high-explosive incendiary
 HEIAP – High-explosive incendiary/armor-piercing ammunition
 HEIT – high-explosive incendiary tracer
 HEL – High-Energy Laser (US)
 HEL – Human Engineering Laboratory (US)
 HELP – Howitzer Extended Life Program (US)
 HEMAT – Heavy Expanded Mobility Ammunition Trailer (US)
 HEMP – High-Explosive Multi-Purpose
 HEMTT – Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck (US)
 HEP – high-explosive plastic
 HEP-T – high-explosive practice – tracer
 HEPD – high-explosive point detonating
 HERA – high-explosive rocket-assisted
 HESH – high-explosive squash head
 HESH-T – high-explosive squash head – tracer
 HET-PF – high-explosive tracer – percussion fuze
 HETF – High Explosive Time Fuzed
 HETS – Heavy Equipment Transport System
 HFCC – Howitzer Fire-Control Computer (US)
 HFHTB – Human Factors Howitzer TestBed (US)
 HFM – Heavy Force Modernisation (US)
 HIFV – Heavy Infantry Fighting Vehicle
 HIMAG – High-Mobility Agility Test Vehicle (US)
 HIMARS – High-Mobility Artillery Rocket System (US)
 HIP – Howitzer Improvement Program (US)
 HIRE – Hughes Infrared Equipment
 HITP – High-Ignition Temperature Propellant
 HIU – Heading Indicator Unit
 HMC – Howitzer Motor Carriage
 HMD – Helmet-Mounted Display
 HMG – Heavy Machine Gun
 HMH – Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron
 HMLC – High-Mobility Load Carrier
 HML/A – Marine Light/Attack Helicopter Squadron
 HMM – Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron
 HMMWV – High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle
 HMX – Marine Special Mission Helicopter Squadron
 HOE – Holographic Optical Element
 HOT – Haute subsonique Optiquement Téléguidé
 How – Howitzer
 HP – High Power; Hollow Point
 hp – Horsepower
 HPFP – High-Performance Fragmentation Projectile
 HPS – Helmet Pointing System (or Sight)
 HPT – high-pressure test
 HRU – Heading Reference Unit
 HS – Headquarters Squadron – Marine Wing Support Group (USMC)
 HSS – Hunter Sensor Suite
 HSTV(L) – High-Survivability Test Vehicle (Lightweight) (US)
 HTTB – High-Technology TestBed (US)
 HVAP – high-velocity armour-piercing
 HVAP-T – high-velocity armour-piercing tracer
 HVAPDS – high-velocity armour-piercing discarding sabot
 HVAPDS-T – high-velocity armour-piercing discarding sabot – tracer
 HVAPFSDS – high-velocity armour-piercing fin-stabilised discarding sabot
 HVCC – High Velocity Canister Cartridge
 HVM – Hypervelocity Missile
 HVSS – horizontal volute spring suspension
 HVSW – Hypervelocity Support Weapon
 HVTP-T – high-velocity target practice – tracer
 HWSTD – High Water Speed Technology Demonstrator
 HYPAK – Hydraulic Power Assist Kit

I
 I – Incendiary
 IAF - Indian Air Force
 IAFV – infantry armoured fighting vehicle
 IAI – Israel Aircraft Industries
 IAL – Infrared Aiming Light
 IASD – Instant Ammunition Selection Device
 IBAS – Improved Bradley Acquisition System
 ICBM - Intercontinental ballistic missile
 ICC – information co-ordination centre
 ICM – Improved Conventional Munition
 ICM – BB improved conventional munition base bleed
 ICV – Infantry Combat Vehicle
 IDF – Israel Defense Forces
 IDF – Indirect fire
 IDW – Individual Defence Weapon
 IED – Improvised Explosive Device
 IEPG – Independent European Program Group
 IFCS – Improved/Integrated Fire-Control System
 IFF – Identification Friend or Foe
 IFV – infantry fighting vehicle
 IFVwCM – Infantry Fighting Vehicle with Integrated Countermeasures (US)
 IGLS – Individual Grenade Launcher System
 II – image intensification/intensifier
 IIR – Imaging Infra-Red
 ILL – illuminating
 ILMS – Improved Launcher Mechanical System
 ILS – Integrated Logistic Support
 IM – Insensitive Munition(s)
 IMMLC – Improved Medium Mobility Load Carrier
 IMSC - International Maritime Security Construct
 IMU – Inertial Measurement Unit
 INSAS – Indian Small Arms System
 InSb – Indium-antimonide
 INS -Indian Naval ship
 IOC – initial operational capability
 IOF – Indian Ordnance Factory
 IPB – Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield
 IPF – Initial Production Facility
 IPO – International Programme Office
 IPPD – Integrated Product Process Development
 IR – Infra-Red
 IRBM – Intermediate-range ballistic missile
 IRU – Inertial Reference Unit
 IS – internal security
 ISD – In Service Date
 ISGU – Integrated Sight and Guidance Unit
 ISR – Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance
 ISU – Integrated Sight Unit
 ISV – Internal Security Vehicle
 ITAS – Improved Target Acquisition System
 ITOW – Improved TOW
 ITPIAL – Infra-red Target Pointer/Illuminator/Aiming Laser
 ITT – Invitation To Tender
 ITV – Improved TOW Vehicle (US)
 IVPDL – Inter-Vehicle Positioning and Data Link (US)
 IW – Individual Weapon
 IWS – Improved Weapon System

J
 JBMoU – Joint Ballistic Memorandum of Understanding
 JDAM – Joint Direct Attack Munition
 JERRV – Joint Engineer Rapid Response Vehicle
 JGSDF – Japanese Ground Self-Defence Force
 JHP – Jacketed hollow point
 JMAC – Joint Medium-calibre Automatic Cannon
JOIR - Joint Operations Information Range
 JPO – Joint Project Office
 JSC – Joint Steering Committee
 JSCS – Joint Service Combat Shotgun
 JSDFA – Japanese Self-Defence Force Agency
 JSP – Jacketed Soft Point
 JSSAMP – Joint Services Small Arms Master Plan
 JSSAP – Joint Service Small Arms Program

K
 KAAV – Korean Armoured Amphibious Vehicle
 KAC – Knight's Armament Company
 KE – Kinetic energy
 KEC – Kaman Electromagnetics Corporation
 KEM – Kinetic Energy Missile (US)
 kg – kilogramme(s)
 KHA – Killed Hostile Action (US Vietnam War)
 KIA – Killed in Action
 KIFV – Korean Infantry Fighting Vehicle
 KNHA – Killed Non-Hostile Action (US Vietnam War)
 KPA – Korean People's Army

L
 LAAG – light anti-aircraft gun
 LAAM – Light Anti-Aircraft Missile
 LCAC – Landing Craft Air Cushion
 LAD – light aid detachment
 LADS – light air defense system (US)
 LAG – Light Artillery Gun
 LALO – Low Altitude Low Opening
 LAM – Laser Aiming Module
 LAPES – Low-Altitude Parachute Extraction System
 LAR – Light Automatic Rifle
 LASER – Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
 LASIP – Light Artillery System Improvement Plan
 LATS – Light Armoured Turret System
 LAU – Light Armoured Unit
 LAV – Light Armored Vehicle (US)
 LAV – Light Assault Vehicle (US)
 LAV-AD – Light Armored Vehicle – Air Defense
 LAW – Light Anti-tank Weapon
 LB – Long Barrel
 LC – Laser Collimator
 LCD – Liquid crystal display
 LCS – Loader Control System
 LCU – Landing Craft Utility
 LCV – Light Contingency Vehicle (LCV) (US)
 LD – Low drag, Line of Departure
 LE – Law Enforcement
 LED – light emitting diode
 LEP – Life Extension Programme
 LEU – Launcher Erector Unit
 LF – ATGW Light Forces' Anti-Tank Guided Weapon
 LF – Linked Feed
 LFHG – Lightweight Fragmentation Hand Grenade
 LFL – Light Fighter Lethality
 LIA – Linear Induction Accelerator
LIC – Low Intensity Conflict
 LIMAWS – Lightweight Mobile Artillery Weapon System
 LION – Lightweight Infra-red Observation Night sight
 LIW – Lyttleton Engineering Works
 LKP – Loader Keyboard Panel
 LLAD – low-level air defence
 LLLTV – low light level television
 LLM – Launcher Loader Module
 LMAW – Light Multi-purpose Assault Weapon
 LMG – Light Machine Gun
 LNS – Land Navigation System
 LNS – Laying and Navigation System
 L/O – Liaison Officer
 LOAL – Lock-On After Launch
 LOBL – Lock-On Before Launch
 LOC – Line Of Communication
 LOS – Line Of Sight
 LOSAT – Line Of Sight Anti-Tank
 LP – Liquid Propellant
 LP – Listening Post
 LPC – Launch Pod Container
 LPC – Launcher Pod Carrier
 LPG – Liquid Propellant Gun
 LPO – Leading Petty Officer
 LPT – Low-Profile Turret
 LPTS – Lightweight Protected Turret System
 LR – Long Rifle
 LR – Long-Range
 LRAR – Long Range Artillery Rocket
 LRASS – Long-Range Advanced Scout System
 LRAT – long-range anti-tank
 LRBB – long-range base bleed
 LRD – Long Range Deflagrator
 LRF – laser rangefinder
 LRF – Low Recoil Force
 LRHB – long-range hollow base
 LRIP – Low-Rate Initial Production
 LRM – Laser Rangefinder Module
 LRN – Lead Round Nose
 LRN – Low Recoil NORICUM
 LRRP – Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol
 LRSA – Long Range Sniper Ammunition
 LRSU – Long Range Surveillance Unit
 LRU – Launcher Replenishment Unit
 LRU – Line Replacement Unit
 LRU – Line-Replaceable Unit
 LSAT- Lightweight Small Arms Technologies
 LSB – Landing Support Battalion
 LSS – Lightweight Shotgun System
 LSVW – Light Support Vehicle, Wheeled (Canada)
 LSW – Light Support Weapon
 LTA – Launch Tube Assembly
 LTD – Laser Target Designator
 LTFCS – Laser Tank Fire-Control System
 LTP – Laser Target Pointer, Luminesant Training Projectile
 LUTE – Lightweight Uncooled Thermal Imager Equipment
 LVA – landing vehicle assault (US)
 LVS – Lightweight Video Sight
 LVT – Landing Vehicle Tracked (US)
 LVTC – Landing Vehicle Tracked Command (US)
 LVTE – Landing Vehicle Tracked Engineer (US)
 LVTH – Landing Vehicle Tracked Howitzer (US)
 LVTP – Landing Vehicle Tracked Personnel (US)
 LVTR – Landing Vehicle Tracked Recovery (US)
 LWC – Lead Wad Cutter
 LWIR – Long Wave Infrared
 LWL – LightWeight Launcher
 LWML – LightWeight Multiple Launcher
 LWMS – LightWeight Modular Sight
 LWS – laser warning system
 LWT – light weapon turret
 LZ – landing zone
 LRW – Light Repair Works (Indian Army)

M
 m – metre(s)
 m/s – metres per second
 MAB – Marine Amphibious Brigade
 MABS – Marine Air Base Squadron
 MAC – Medium Armored Car (US)
 MAC – Military Airlift Command
 MACS – Modular Artillery Charge System
 MACS – Marine Air Control Squadron
 MADLS – Mobile Air Defence Launching System
 MAF – Marine Amphibious Force
 MAG – Marine Aircraft Group
 MAGTEC – Marine Air/Ground Training & Education Command
 MAGTF – Marine Air/Ground Task Force
 MAHEM – Magnetohydrodynamic Explosive Munition
 MALOS – Miniature Laser Optical Sight
 MALS – Marine Air Logistics Squadron
 MAMBA – Mobile Artillery Monitoring Battlefield Radar
 MANPADS – Man Portable Air Defense System
 MAOV – Mobile Artillery Observation Vehicle
 MAP – Military Aid Programme
 MAPS – Modular Azimuth Position System
 MAR – Micro Assault Rifle
 MARDI – Mobile Advanced Robotics Defence Initiative (UK)
 MARDIV – Marine Division (US)
 MARS – Military Amateur Radio Station
 MARS – Mini Assault Rifle System
 MARS – Multi-purpose Aiming Reflex Sight
 MARS – Multiple Artillery Rocket System
 MASS – Marine Air Support Squadron
 MATCS – Marine Air Traffic Control Squadron
 MATSG – Marine Air Training Support Group
 MAU(SOC) – Marine Amphibious Unit (Special Operations Capable)
 MAV – maintenance assist vehicle
 MAVD – MLRS Aim Verification Device
 MAW – Marine Air Wing (US)
 MBA – main battle area
 MBB – Messerschmitt-Bцlkow-Blohm
 MBC – Mortar Ballistic Computer
 MBT – main battle tank
 MCISRE – Marine Corps Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Enterprise
 MCLOS – Manual Command to Line Of Sight
 MCRV – Mechanised Combat Repair Vehicle
 MCS – Microclimate Conditioning System
 MCS – modular charge system
 MCSK – Mine Clearance System Kit (US)
 MCT – Medium Combat Tractor (US)
 MCT – Mercury Cadmium Telluride
 MCV – Mechanised Combat Vehicle
 MCWL – Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory
 MCWS – Minor Caliber Weapons Station (US)
 MDB – Multi Domain Battle
 MDMP – Military Decision Making Process
 MDU – Map Display Unit
 MEB – Marine Expeditionary Brigade
 MEDEVAC – Medical Evacuation
 MEF – Marine Expeditionary Force
 MENS – Mission Element Need Statement (US)
 MEP – Modular Explosive Penetrator
 MEPS – Military Entrance Processing Station
 METO – Middle East Treaty Organisation; CENTO or Baghdad Pact
 METL – Mission Essential Task List
 METT-TC – Mission, Enemy, Terrain and weather, Troops and support available—Time available, Civilians
 METT-TSL – Mission, Enemy, Terrain and weather, Troops and fire support available - Time available, Space, Logistics
 MEU – Marine Expeditionary Unit
 MEU(SOC) – Marine Expeditionary Unit (Special Operations Capable)
 MEV – medical evacuation vehicle (US)
 MEWS – Mobile Electronic Warfare System
 MEWSS – Mobile Electronic Warfare Support System
 MF – multifunction
 MFC – Mortar Fire Control(ler)
 MFCS – Multi-Fire Control System/Mortar Fore Control System
 MFCV – Missile Fire-Control Vehicle
 MFF – munition filling factory
 MG – machine gun
 MGB – Medium Girder Bridge
 MGL – Multiple Grenade Launcher
 MGS – Mobile Gun System
 MGTS – MultiGun Turret System
 MGU – Mid-course Guidance Unit
 MI – Military Intelligence
 MIA – Missing In Action
 MICOM – Missile Command (US)
 MICV – Mechanised Infantry Combat Vehicle
 MILAN – Missile d'Infantrie Léger Antichar (light infantry anti-tank missile)
 MILES – Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System (US)
 MILSPEC – Military Specification
 MILSTD – MILitary STANdard
 MILSTAR – MILitary Strategic and Tactical Relay (US)
 MIPS – Medium Integrated Propulsion System (US)
 MIR - Mechanized Infantry Regiment (Sri Lanka)
 MIRV - Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle
 MLA – Manufacturing Licence Agreement
 MLC – Military Load Class
 MLC – Modular Load Carrier
 MLF – Marine Logistics Force
 MLR – Marine Logistics Regiment
 MLI – Mid-Life Improvement
 MLO – Muzzle Loaded Ordnance
 MLRS – Multiple Launch Rocket System (US)
 mm – millimetre(s)
 MMBF – mean miles between failures
 MMG – Medium Machine Gun
 MMS – mast-mounted sight
 MMS – Modular Mounting System
 MNVD – Monocular Night Vision Device
 MoA – Memorandum of Agreement
 MOA – Minute Of Angle
 MoD – Ministry of defence
 MODA – Ministry of Defence and Aviation
 MOLF – Modular Laser Fire Control (Germany)
 MOLLE – MOdular Lightweight Load-carrying Equipment
 MOPP – Mission Oriented Protective Posture (US)
 MOS – Military Occupational Specialty (US)
 MoU – Memorandum of Understanding
 MOUT – Military Operations in Urban Terrain (urban warfare) (US)
 MP – Machine Pistol
 MP - Military police
 MPBAV – MultiPurpose Base Armoured Vehicle
 MPC – MultiPurpose Carrier (Netherlands)
 MPDS – Missile Piercing Discarding Sabot
 MPGS – Mobile Protected Gun System (US)
 MPI – Mean Point of Impact
 MPIM – MultiPurpose Individual Munition
 MPM – MultiPurpose Munition
 MPS – Maritime Prepositioning Ships (US)
 MPV – Multi-Purpose Vehicle
 MPWS – Mobile Protected Weapon System (US)
 MR – Medium Range
 MRAP – Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (Vehicle)
 MRAR – MultiRole Assault Round
 MRAV – MultiRole Armoured Vehicle
 MRBF – mean rounds before failure
 MRBS – mean rounds between stoppages
 MRE –  Meal Ready to Eat
 MRS – multiple rocket system
 MRS – muzzle reference system
 MRSI – Multiple Round Simultaneous Impact
 MRV(R) – Mechanised Recovery Vehicle (Repair)
 MRVR – Mechanised Repair and Recovery Vehicle (US)
 MSSG – MAU/MEU Service Support Group (USMC)
 MSL – Missile
 MSR – Missile Simulation Round
 MSR – Main Supply Route
 MSTAR – Man-portable Surveillance and Target Acquisition Radar
 MSV – Modular Support Vehicle
 MT – mechanical time
 MTB – Mobility TestBed
 MTBF – Mean Time Between Failure
 MTI – moving target indication
 MTL – Materials Technology Laboratory (US)
 MTR – Mobile Test Rig (US)
 MTSQ – mechanical time and super-quick
 MTSQ – Mechanical Time Semi-Quick
 MTU – Motoren- und Turbinen-Union
 MTVL – mobile tactical vehicle light
 MUGS – Multipurpose Universal Gunner Sight
 MULE – Modular Universal Laser Equipment (US)
 MUSS – Multifunctional Selfprotection System
 MV – muzzle velocity
 MVEE – Military Vehicles and Engineering Establishment (UK)
 MVRS – Muzzle Velocity Radar System
 MWCS – Marine Wing Communications Squadron
 MWHS – Marine Wing Headquarters Squadron
 MWS – Manned Weapon Station (US)
 MWS – Modular Weapon System
 MWSG – Marine Wing Support Group
 MWSS – Marine Wing Support Squadron

N
 NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
 NAVSEA – Naval Sea Systems Command
 NBC – Nuclear, Biological, Chemical
 NBMR – NATO Basic Military Requirement
 NCIS – Naval Criminal Investigative Service (US)
 NCO – Non-Commissioned Officer (US, E-4 – E-9)
 NCOIC – Non-Commissioned Officer In Charge
 NDI – Non-developmental item
 NDU – Navigation Display Unit
 NFOV – Narrow Field Of View
 NG – New/Next Generation
 Ni/Cd – Nickel Cadmium
 NLAW – Next Light (weight) Anti-armour Weapon
 NLOS-C – Non-Line Of Sight-Cannon
 NLOS-M – Non-Line Of Sight-Mortar
 NOD(s) – Night Observation Device(s)
 NOTAM – Notice to Airmen
 NRF – NATO Response Force
 NS – Network Services
 NTC – National Training Center (USA)
 NUGP – nominal unit ground pressure
 NV – Night Vision
 NVD – Night Vision Device
 NVE – Night Vision Equipment
 NVESD – Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate
 NVG – Night Vision Goggle
 NVS – Night Vision System
 NZDF – New Zealand Defence Force
 NZEF – New Zealand Expeditionary Force (in WWI & WWII)
 NZSAS - New Zealand Special Air Service

O
 OBR – Optical Beam-Riding
 OCC – Obus à Charge Creusé (shaped-charge shell)
 OCOKA – Observation and fields of fire, Cover and concealment, Obstacles, Key terrain, and Avenues of Approach.
 OCSW – Objective Crew-Served Weapon
 OCU – Operational Centre Unit
 ODE – Ordnance Development and Engineering (Singapore)
 OEG – Occluded Eye Gunsight (a type of Collimator sight)
 OEO – optical and electro-optical
 OFSA – Objective Family of Small Arms
 OFSA – One Size Fits All
 OFW – Objective Force Warrior
 OHWS – Offensive Hand Weapon System
 OIC – Officer In Charge
 OICW – Objective Individual Combat Weapon
 OOTW – Operations Other Than War
 OP – Observation post
 OP – Operators Panel
 OPCON – OPerational CONtrol
 OPDW – Objective Personal Defense Weapon
 OPORD – OPerations Order
 OPSEC – OPerational SECurity
 OPV – Observation Post Vehicle
 OSW – Objective Sniper Weapon
 OSC – Operation Strategy Command
 OSS (USAF) – Operational Support Squadron
 OSW (USAF) – Operational Support, Weather
 OT – operational test
 OTA – overflight top attack
 OTEA – Operational Test and Evaluation Agency (US)

P
 P – How pack howitzer
 P-38 — P-38 can opener (US)
 P3I – Pre-Planned Product Improvements
 PAR – pulse acquisition radar
 PAT – power-assisted traverse
PAWPERSO – Protection, Ammunition, Weapon, Personal Equipment, Radio, Specialist Equipment, Orders
 PC – Personal Computer
 PCB – printed circuit board
 PCC – Police Compact Carbine
 PCI –  Pre-combat inspection
 PD – Point Defense
 PD – point detonating
 PD – Point of Departure
 PDNA – Positioning Determining/Navigation Unit
 PDRR – Program Definition and Risk Reduction
 PDW – Personal Defence Weapon
 PE – MoD Procurement Executive (UK)
 PE – Peace Enforcement (US DoD)
 PEC – Printed Electronic Circuits
 PFD – proximity fuze disconnector
 PFHE – prefragmented high-explosive
 PLF – protective line of fire
 PFPX – prefragmented proximity fuzed
 PGMM – Precision Guided Mortar Munition
 PH – Probability of Hit
 Pi – Probability of incapacitation
 PIAT – Projector, Infantry, Anti Tank
 PIBD – Point Initiating Base Detonated
 PID – Positive Identification
 PIE – pyrotechnically initiated explosive
 PIP – Product Improvement Programme
 PL – Phase Line
 PLA – People's Liberation Army
 PLARS – Position Location And Reporting System (US)
 PLC – Programmable Logic Control
 PLO – Palestinian Liberation Army
 PLOS – Predicted Line Of Sight
 PLS – Palletized Load System (US)
 PM – porte mortier (mortar carrier)
 PM – Product Manager
 PMCS – Preventative Maintenance Checks and Services
 PMEE –  Prime Mission Electronic Equipment (USAF)
 PMO – Program Management Office (US)
 PMO – Provost Marshall's Office
 PMOD – Platform Modifications
 PMS – Pedestal-Mounted Stinger
 PNU – Position Navigation Unit
 POA&M – Plan Of Action & Milestones
 POF – Pakistan Ordnance Factory
 POG – Person other than Grunt
 POS – Postes Optiques de Surveillance
 POW – Prisoner of War
 PPG – PT Parade Games (Bangladesh Cadet Colleges)
 PPI – plan position indicator
 PPS – Precise Positioning Service
PPV – Protected Patrol Vehicle
 PRAC – practice
 PRAC-T – practice tracer
PRESAR – Preparation, React to enemy fire, Establish enemy position, Suppress the enemy, Assault, Reorg
 PRI – projector reticle image
 PRP – Personnel Reliability Program (screening and monitoring of individuals with access to "special" weapons)
 PSBC – Platoon Sergeant's Battle Course
 PSD – Propulsion System Demonstrator
 PSO – Peace Support Operations
 PSS – Primary Sight System
 PTO – power take-off
 PVP – Petit Véhicule Protégé
 PW – Prisoner of War
 PWI-SR(GR) – Panser Wagen Infanterie-Standaard (Groep)
 PWP – Plasticised White Phosphorus
 PWR – Power

Q
 QCB – Quick Change Barrel
 QE – Quadrant Elevation
 QRF – Quick Reaction Force

R
 RA – Royal Artillery
 RAA – Royal Australian Artillery
 RAAM – Rifle-launched Anti-Armour Munition
 RAAMS – Remote Anti-Armor Mine System (US)
 PABD – Pay Entry Base Date
 RAC – Royal Armoured Corps
 RADIRS – Rapid Deployment Multiple Rocket System (US)
 RAAF – Royal Australian Air Force
 RAE – Royal Aircraft Establishment, Royal Aircraft Establishment (Farnborough)
 RAE – Royal Australian Engineers, Australian Combat Engineers
 RAF – Royal Air Force
 RAM-D – reliability, availability, maintainability and durability
 RAN – Royal Australian Navy
 RAO – Rear Area Operations
 RAP – Regimental Aid Post
 RAP – rocket-assisted projectile
 RAPI – Reactive Armour Protection
 RARDE – Royal Armament Research and Development Establishment (UK)
 RATAC – Radar de Tir pour L'Artillerie de Campagne (radar for field artillery fire)
 RATELO – Radio Telephone Operator
 RAW – Rifleman's Assault Weapon
 RBL – Range and Bearing Launch
 RBOC – Rapid Bloom Offboard Chaff
 RC/MAS – Reserve Component/Modified Armament System
 RCAAS – Remote-Controlled Anti-Armor System (US)
 RCAF – Royal Canadian Air Force
 RCC – ROLAND Coordination Center (US)
 RCWS – Remote-Controlled Weapon Station
 RCL – Recoilless rifle
 RCN – Royal Canadian Navy
 RCS – Radar Cross Section
 RCT – Regimental Combat Team
 RCT – Royal Corps of Transport
 RCV – Robotic Command Vehicle
 RDF – Rapid Deployment Forces
 RDF/LT – Rapid Deployment Force Light Tank (US)
 RDJTF – Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force (US)
 RDT&E – Research Development Test and Evaluation
 REME – Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
 REMF – Rear Echelon Mother Fucker
 RF – Rimfire
 RFA – Royal Field Artillery or Royal Fleet Auxiliary
 RFAS – Russian Federation and Associated States
 RFC – Royal Flying Corps
 RFI – request for information
 RFP – request for proposals
 RFPI – Rapid Force Projection Initiative
 RFQ – Request For Quotations
 RGGS – Rifle Grenade General Service
 RHA – rolled homogeneous armour
 RHA – Royal Horse Artillery
 RIN – the former Royal Indian Navy
 RIS – Rail Interface System
 RISE – Reliability Improved Selected Equipment
 RLC – Royal Logistic Corps
 RLEM – Rifle-Launched Entry Munition
 RLG – Ring Laser Gyro
 RLT – Regimental Landing Team
 RMG – ranging machine gun
 RN – Royal Navy
 RNZAF – Royal New Zealand Air Force
 RNZN – Royal New Zealand Navy
 RO – Royal Ordnance
 ROBAT – Robotic Counter-Obstacle Vehicle (US)
 RoC – Republic of China
 ROC – required operational characteristics
 ROE – Rules Of Engagement
 ROF – Royal Ordnance Factory (UK)
 ROF – Rate of fire
 RoK – Republic of Korea
 RoKMC – Republic of Korea Marine Corps
 RoKIT – Republic of Korea Indigenous Tank
 ROR – range only radar
 ROTA – Royal Ordnance Training Ammunition
 RP – Red phosphorus
 RP – rocket-propelled
 RP - Regimental police
 RPC – Rocket Pod Container
 RPG – Rocket-propelled grenade
 RPG – Ruchnoy Protivotankovy Granatomyot
 RPV – Remotely piloted vehicle
 RR – Recoilless rifle
 RRPR – Reduced Range Practice Rocket
 RRT – Radio Recon Team
 RRTR – Reduced Range Training Round
 RSAF – Royal Small Arms Factory (UK) (now closed)
 RSN – Role Specialist Nation (US & NATO)
 RSS – Rosette Scanning Seeker
 RTE – Rifle Team Equipment
 RTO – Radio/Telephone Operator
 RTT – Roues Transporteur de Troupes
 RUC – Royal Ulster Constabulary
 RWS – Remote weapon system (or station)

S
 s – second(s)
 S&W – Smith & Wesson
 SA – Situation Awareness
 SABCA – Société Anonyme Belge de Constructions Aéronautiques
 SABR – Selectable Assault Battle Rifle
 SABS – Stabilizing Automatic Bomb Sight
 SAC – Small Arms Collimator
 SACLOS – Semi-Automatic Command to Line Of Sight
 SADA – Standard Advanced Dewar Assembly
 SADARM – Sense And Destroy Armor (US)
 SADF – South African Defence Force
 SAE – Society of Automotive Engineers
 SAF – Small Arms Fire
 SAFCS – Small Arms Fire Control System
 SAFIRE – Surface-to-Air Fire
 SAL – semi-active laser
 SAL – search and locate
 SAM – surface-to-air missile
 SAMM – Société d'Applications des Machines Motrices
 SANDF – South African National Defence Force
 SANG – Saudi Arabian National Guard
 SAP – Semi-Armour-Piercing
 SAPHEI – Semi-Armour-Piercing High Explosive Incendiary
 SAPI – semi-armour-piercing incendiary or Small Arms Protective Insert
 SAR – Search and Rescue
 SAS – Special Air Service
 SASR – Special Air Service Regiment
 SAS-EAS – Sealed Authenticator System – Emergency Action Procedures (Nuclear Weapons Release Control)
 SASR – Special Application Sniper Rifle
 SAT – Small Arms Trainer
 SATCP – Systиme Anti-aérien à Trиs Courte Portée (very short-range anti-aircraft system)
 SAVA – Standard Army Vectronics Architecture
 SAW – Squad Automatic Weapon
 SAWS – Squad Automatic Weapon System
 SB – Short Barrel
 SCORE – Stratified Charge Omnivorous Rotary Engine
 SCC,-Sea Cadet corps
 SD – self-destruct(ion)
 SEAD – Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses
 SEAL – Sea/Air/Land
 SEALOCK – Search, Locate, and Communicate or Kill
 SEATO – Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation
 SEME – School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering
 SEN – shell extended range NORICUM
 SEP – Soldier Enhancement Programme
 SF – Special Forces (US/UK)
 SFCS – Simplified Fire-Control System
 SFIM – Société de Fabrication d'Instrument de Mesure
 SFIRR – solid fuel integral rocket/ramjet
 SFM – Sensor Fuzed Munitions
 SFMG – Sustained Fire Machine Gun
 SFSW – Special Forces Support Weapon
 SFW – Special Forces Weapon
 SGTS – Second-Generation Tank Sight
 SH/PRAC – squash head practice
 SHORAD – Short-Range Air Defence System
 shp – shaft horsepower
 SIC – Second in Command
 SICPS – Standard Integrated Command Post Systems
 SINCGARS – Single Channel Ground/Air Radio System
 SIP – System Improvement Plan/Programme
 SIPS – Small Integrated Propulsion System
 SITREP – Situation Report
 SJFN – Semi-Jacketed Flat Nose
 SJHP – Semi-Jacketed Hollow Point
 SKOT – Sredni Kolowy Opancerzny Transporter (armoured personnel carrier)
 SLA - Sri Lanka Army
 SLAC - Sri Lanka Armoured Corps
 SLAF - Sri Lanka Air Force
 SLAGSE - Sri Lanka Army General Service Corps
 SLAOC - Sri Lanka Army Ordnance Corps
 SLAPC - Sri Lanka Army Pioneer Corps
 SLASC - Sri Lanka Army Service Corps
 SLAWC - Sri Lanka Army Women's Corps
 SLCG - Sri Lanka Coast Guard
 SLCMP - Sri Lanka Corps of Military Police
 SLE - Sri Lanka Engineers
 SLEME - Sri Lanka Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
 SLLI - Sri Lanka Light Infantry
 SLMC - Sri Lanka Army Medical Corps
 SLNG - Sri Lanka National Guard
 SLN - Sri Lanka Navy
 SLRC - Sri Lanka Rifle Corps
 SLSR - Sri Lanka Sinha Regiment
 SLAP – saboted light armor penetrator
 SLAW – Shoulder-Launched Assault Weapon
 SLEP – Service Life Extension Program (US)
 SLR – Self-Loading Rifle
 SLR – Super Low Recoil
 SLWAGL – Super Light Weight Automatic Grenade Launcher
 SM – smoke
 SMAW – Shoulder-launched Multi-purpose Assault Weapon
 SMG – sub-machine gun
 SMK – Smoke
 SMP – Surface Mine Plough
 SMU – Special Mission Unit
 SNAFU – Situation Normal, All Fouled Up
 SNCO – Staff Non-Commissioned Officer (USMC, E-6 – E-9)
 SNCOIC – Staff Non-Commissioned Officer In Charge (USMC)
 SOCOM – Special Operations Command
 SOF – Special Operations Forces
 SOG – Speed Over Ground
 SOP – Standing/Standard Operating Procedure(s)
 SOS – Struck Off Strength
 SP – Shore Patrol
 SP – self-propelled
 SP – Soft Point
 SPAAG – self-propelled anti-aircraft gun
 SPAAM – self-propelled anti-aircraft missile
 SPAG – self-propelled assault gun
 SPARK – solid propellant advanced ramjet kinetic energy missile
 SPAS – Special Purpose Automatic Shotgun, like SPAS-12 or SPAS-15
 SPATG – self-propelled anti-tank gun
 SPAW – self-propelled artillery weapon
 SPG – self-propelled gun
 SPH – self-propelled howitzer
 SPL – self-propelled launcher
 SPLL – Self-propelled Loader Launcher
 SPLY – Supply
 SPM – self-propelled mortar
 SPP – Special Purpose Pistol
 SPR – Special Purpose Rifle
 SPS – Standard Positioning Service
 SPSM – Sensorgezundete Panzerabwehr SubMunition
 SPW – Special Purpose Weapon
 SR – Short Rifle
 SR – Staff Requirement
 SR – Special Reconnaissance
 SRR – Special Reconnaissance Regiment
 SRAW – Short Range Assault Weapon
 SRC – Space Research Corporation
 SRG – shell replenishment gear
 SRI – Short Range Insert
 SRTS – Short Range Thermal Sight
 SRU – Shop Replaceable Unit
 SRU – Slip Ring Unit
 SRV – Surrogate Research Vehicle (US)
 SS – Submarine
 SSA – Special Spaced Armour
 SSE – Sensitive Site Exploitation
 SSG – Single Shot Gun
 SSK – Single Shot Kill
 SSR – Sniper Support Rifle
 SSR – Special Support and Reconnaissance Company (DNK)
 SSW – Squad Support Weapon
 ST6 - Seal Team Six
 ST – Staff Target
 STA – shell transfer arm
 STAB – Steered Agile Beams
 STAFF – Small Target Activated Fire-and-Forget (US)
 STANAG – STANdardisation Agreement
 STARTLE – Surveillance and Target Acquisition Radar for Tank Location and Engagement (US)
 STE/ICE – Simplified Test Equipment/Internal Combustion Engine (US)
STF - Special Task Force
 STOVL – Short Take Off and Vertical Landing
 STUP – spinning tubular projectile
 SUB – SUBstitute
 SUC – Square Ultra Compact
 SUIT – Sight Unit Infantry Trilux
 SUSAT – Sight Unit Small Arms Trilux
 SWARM – Stabilised Weapon and Reconnaissance Mount
 SWAT – Special Weapons And Tactics
 SWC – Semi WadCutter
 SWS – Sniper Weapon System

T
 T – Tracer
 TAAR –  Tactical Air to Air Refueling
 TACBE – Tactical beacon
 TACMS – Army Tactical Missile System (US)
 TACOM – Tank-automotive and Armaments Command (US)
 TACP - Tactical Air Control Party
 TAD – Temporary Additional Duty (Naval Services term) Temporary Duty
 TADDS – Target Alert Display Data Set (US)
 TADS – Target Acquisition and Designation System (US)
 TAM – Tanque Argentino Mediano
 TAS – Target Acquisition Subsystem
 TAS – tracking adjunct system
 TAS – Turret Attitude Sensor
 TBAT – TOW/Bushmaster Armored Turret (US)
 TC – Tank Commander, also Truck Commander (US Army)
 TCO – Tactical Combat Operations
 TCTO – Time-Compliance Technical Order
 TCU – tactical control unit
 TD – Tank Destroyer
 TDCS – Tank Driver Command System
 TDD – Target Detection Device
 TDR – Target Data Receiver
 TDY – Temporary Duty
 TE – Tangent Elevation
 TEL – Transporter-Erector-Launcher
 TELAR – Transporter-Erector-Launcher And Radar
 TES – Tactical Environment Simulation
 TES – target engagement system
 TGMTS – Tank Gunnery Missile Tracking System
 TGP – Terminally Guided Projectile
 TGP – Targeting pod
 TGS – Tank Gun Sight
 TGSM – terminally guided submunition
 TGTS – tank gunnery training simulator
 TI – thermal imaging/imager
 TIC – Troops In Contact
 TICM – thermal imaging common modules
 TIIPS – Thermal Imaging and Integrated Position System
 TIM – Thermal Imaging Module
 TIPU – Thermal Image Processing Units
 TIRE – Tank Infra-Red Elbow
 TIS – thermal imaging system
 TLC – Transport Launching Container
 TLD – Top Level Demonstrations
 TLE – Treaty Limited Equipment
 TLP – Troop Leading Procedures (US)
 TLR – Tank Laser Rangefinder
 TLS – Tank Laser Sight
 TM&LS – Textron Marine & Land Systems
 TMBC – Turret Management Ballistic Computer
 TMP – Tactical Machine Pistol
 TMS – Turret Modernisation System
 TMUAS – Turreted Mortar Under Armor System (US)
 TNI - Tentara Nasional Indonesia
 TNT – Trinitrotoluene
 TO – Technical Order
 TOE – Table of organisation and equipment
 TOGS – Thermal Observation and Gunnery System (UK)
 TOP – Total Obscuring Power
 TOPAS – Transporter Obrneny Pasovy
 TOTE – Tracker, Optical Thermally Enhanced
 TOW – Tube-launched, Optically tracked, Wire command link guided (US)
 TP – Target Practice
 TP-FL – target practice flash
 TP-S – or TPS Target Practice-Spotting/Signature
 TP-SM – target practice – smoke
 TP-SP – target practice – spotting
 TP-T – target practice – tracer
 TPCM – Target Practice Colour-Marking
 TPDS – Target Practice Discarding Sabot
 TPFSDS-T – target practice fin-stabilised discarding sabot – tracer
 TPTF – Target Practice Time Fuzed
 TR – Triple Rail
 TRACER – Tactical Reconnaissance Armoured Combat Equipment Requirement (UK)
 TRACKSTAR – Tracked Search and Target Acquisition Radar System (US)
 TRADOC – Training and Doctrine Command (US)
 TSFCS – Tank Simplified Fire-Control System
 TSQ – time and super-quick
 TSR – Tavor Sporting Rifle
 TT – transport de troupes (troop transporter)
 TTB – Tank TestBed (US)
 TTD – Transformation Technology Demonstrator
 TTG – Time To Go
 TTS – Tank Thermal Sight
 TU – Terminal Unit
 TU – Traversing Unit
 TUA – TOW Under Armor (US)
 TUR – Tiefflieger-Ьberwachungs-Radar (low-level surveillance radar)
 TV – Television
 TWD – Thermal Warning Device
 TWMP – Track Width Mine Plough
 TWS – Thermal Weapon Sight
 TYDP – Ten Year Defence Programme (Australia)

U
 UAV – Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
 UBLE – Universal Bridge Launching Equipment
 UCVP – Universal Combat Vehicle Platform
 UDR – Ulster Defence Regiment
 UET – Universal Engineer Tractor (US)
 UGV – Unmanned Ground Vehicle
 ULC – Unit Load Container
 UMA – Universal Mounting Adapter
 UMP – Universal Machine Pistol
 USA – United States of America/United States Army
 USAADS – U.S. Army Air Defense School
 USAARMS – U.S. Army Armor School
 USAAVNS – U.S. Army Aviation School
 USAAF – United States Army Air Forces
 USAF – United States Air Force
 USCG – United States Coast Guard
 USMC – United States Marine Corps
 USN – United States Navy
 USP – Universal Self-loading Pistol
 UTL – Universal Tactical Light
 UTM – Universal Transverse Mercator
 UTS – Universal Turret System
 UV – Ultraviolet
 UW – Urban warfare

V
 V – Volt(s)
 VAB – Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé (front armoured car)
 VAB – Vickers Armoured Bridgelayer
 VADS – Vulcan Air Defense System (US)
 VAE – Vehiculo Armado Exploracion
 VAK – Vehicle Adaptor Kit
 VAPE – Vehiculo Apoyo y Exploracion
 VARRV – Vickers Armoured Repair and Recovery Vehicle
 VARV – Vickers Armoured Recovery Vehicle
 VBC – Véhicule Blindé de Combat (armoured combat vehicle)
 VBCI – Véhicule Blindé de Combat d'Infanterie
 VBIED – Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Device
 VBL – Véhicule Blindé Léger (light armoured vehicle)
 VBM – Véhicules Blindés Modulaires
 VBSS – Visit Board Search Seizure
 VC – Vehicle Commander
 VCA – Véhicule Chenillé d'Accompagnement (tracked support vehicle)
 VCC – Veicolo Corazzato de Combattimento
 VCG – Véhicule de Combat du Genie (armoured engineer vehicle)
 VCI – Véhicule de Combat d'Infanterie; Vehiculo combate infanteria (infantry combat vehicle)
 VCP – Vehicle Check Point
 VCR – variable compression ratio
 VCR – Véhicule de Combat à Roues (wheeled combat vehicle)
 VCR/AT – Véhicule de Combat à Roues/Atelier Technique (salvage)
 VCR/IS – Véhicule de Combat à Roues/Intervention Sanitaire (stretchers)
 VCR/PC – Véhicule de Combat à Roues/Poste de Commandement (HQ)
 VCR/TH – Véhicule de Combat à Roues/Tourelle HOT (turret with four HOT ATGW)
 VCR/TT – Véhicule de Combat à Roues/Transport de Troupes (troop carrier)
 VCTIS – Vehicle Command and Tactical Information System
 VCTM – Vehiculo de Combate Transporte de Mortero (armoured mortar carrier)
 VCTP – Vehiculo de Combate Transporte de Personal (armoured personnel carrier)
 VDA – Véhicule de Défense Anti-aérienne (anti-aircraft defence vehicle)
 VDAA – Véhicule d'Auto-Défense Anti-aérienne
 VDC – Voltage Direct Current
 VDM – viscous damped mount
 VDSL – Vickers Defence Systems Ltd
 VDU – visual display unit
 VEC – Vehiculo de Exploraciòn de Caballerie
 VEDES – Vehicle Exhaust Dust Ejection System (US)
 VERDI – Vehicle Electronics Research Defence Initiative (UK)
 VHIS – visual hit indicator system
 VIB – Véhicule d'Intervention du Base
 VIDS – Vehicle Integrated Defence System
 VINACS – Vehicle Integrated Navigation and Command System
 VIRSS – Visual and InfraRed Smoke Screening System
 VITS – Video Image Tracking Systems
 VLAP – Velocity-enhanced Long-range Artillery Projectile
 VLC – Véhicule Léger de Combat (light armoured car)
 VLI – Visible Light Illuminator
 VLSMS – Vehicle-Launched Scatterable Mine System
 VMA – Marine Light Attack Squadron
 VMA(AW) – Marine All-Weather Attack Squadron
 VMBT – Vickers Main Battle Tank
 VMF – Marine Fighter Squadron
 VMFA – Marine Fighter Attack Squadron
 VMFA(AW) – Marine All-Weather Fighter Attack Squadron
 VMGR – Marine Aerial Refueler/Transport Squadron
 VMFP – Marine Aerial Reconnaissance Squadron
 VMM – Marine Tilt-rotor (MV-22B) Squadron
 VMU – Marine Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron
 VMR – Marine Transport Squadron
 VMAQ – Marine Electronic Warfare Attack Squadron
 VMS – Vehicle Motion Sensor
 VNAS – Vehicle Navigation Air System
 VRL – Véhicule Reconnaissance Léger (light reconnaissance vehicle)
 VSEL – Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd
 VT – variable time (fuse)
 VTOL – Vertical Take-Off and Landing aircraft
 VTP – véhicule transport de personnel (personnel carrier)
 VTT – véhicule transport de troupe (troop transporter)
 VVSS – vertical volute spring suspension
 VXB – Véhicule Blindé à Vocations Multiples (multipurpose armoured car)

W
 WAAC – Women's Auxiliary Army Corps and individual members of; obsolete
 WAC – Women's Army Corps and individual members of; obsolete
 WAF – Women (in the) Air Force and individual members of; obsolete
 WAM – Wide Area Mines (US)
 WAMI – Wide Area Motion Imagery (US)
 WAPC – Wheeled Armoured Personnel Carrier (Canada)
 WASAD – Wide Angle Surveillance and Automatic Detection Device
 WAV – Wide Angle Viewing
 WAVES – Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (USN); obsolete
 WES – Wing Engineer Squadron (USMC)
 WFOV – Wide Field Of View
 WFSV – Wheeled Fire Support Vehicle (Canada)
 WHA – Wounded Hostile Action (US Vietnam War)
 WHA – Weapons Head Assembly
 WHSA – Weapons Head Support Assembly
 WLR – Weapon Locating Radar
 WM – Woman/Women Marine(s)
 WMD – Weapon(s) of Mass Destruction
 WMRV – Wheeled Maintenance and Recovery Vehicle (Canada)
 WNHA – Wounded Non-Hostile Action (US Vietnam War)
 WP – white phosphorus
 WP-T – white phosphorus – tracer
 WSM – Winchester Short Magnum
 WTS – Wing Transportation Squadron (USMC)

X
 XO – Executive Officer

Y
 YMRS – Yugoslav multiple rocket system

Z
 ZULU – Zulu time (timezone equivalent to UTC)

See also
 List of established military terms
 List of military tactics
 Glossary of firearms terminology
 Military Abbreviations www.marx-mil.com by Stefan Marx

References
 Armor and Artillery Glossary
 Infantry Weapons Glossary
 FM 17-97 Cavalry Troop (October 1995)
 FM 5-19 (formerly FM 100–14) Composite Risk Management (21 Aug 2006)
 Military abbreviations and Dictionaries
 Military acronyms and military abbreviations

Military lists

Glossary
Wikipedia glossaries using unordered lists


text:
Primi anni di vita
Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah di Terengganu nacque all'Istana Maziah di Kuala Terengganu il 1º dicembre 1895. Era il terzo figlio del sultano Zainal Abidin III e della sua seconda moglie Cik Aisha binti Ismail. Venne educato privatamente. Il 26 novembre 1918 venne nominato erede al trono con il titolo di Tengku Muda.

Regno
Salì al trono il 21 maggio 1920, il giorno dopo l'abdicazione del sultano Muhammad Shah II. Venne incoronato a Kuala Trengganu il 3 marzo dell'anno successivo.

Il suo regno vide crescere il nazionalismo malese nel sultanato. Negli anni '20 il crescente sentimento anti-britannico causò rivolte negli anni 1922, 1925 e 1928, tutte guidate dall'ulema Haji Abdul Rahman Limbong. Le sommosse vennero sedate dagli inglesi e il leader fu esiliato a La Mecca dove morì nel 1929. La Kesatuan Melayu Muda, una delle più importanti organizzazioni nazionaliste malesi, si formò durante il suo regno.

Il 10 dicembre 1941 le forze giapponesi invasero il sultanato, ponendo lo Stato sotto il governo militare giapponese il 18 marzo successivo. Gli organi costituzionali dello stato vennero aboliti il 1º giugno 1942.

Matrimonio e figli
Il 21 luglio 1913, all'età di 18 anni, sposò Tengku Meriam, figlia del sultano Ahmad Shah di Pahang. Il matrimonio avvicinò molto i due regni.

Dalla loro unione nacquero dieci figli, cinque maschi e cinque femmine. Il più anziano era Ali che poi succedette a suo padre. La figlia maggiore, Tengku Asma sposò Tunku Badlishah che sarebbe poi diventato sultano di Kedah.

Morte
Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah morì all'Istana Negara Timur di Padang Sri Negara il 25 settembre 1942 per avvelenamento del sangue. È sepolto nella moschea Zainal Abidin di Kuala Terengganu.

Onorificenze

Note

Sultani di Terengganu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Arno Marsh (Grand Rapids (Michigan), 28 mei 1928 – 12 juli 2019) was een Amerikaanse jazzsaxofonist.

Biografie
Arno Marsh groeide op in Grand Rapids. Zijn vader was professioneel gitarist en kopiist, die thuis jamsessies organiseerde. Zijn moeder was pianiste en fluitiste. Op de middelbare school speelde hij in mars- en concertbands. Vroege voorbeelden als saxofonist waren Chu Berry, Ben Webster, Coleman Hawkins en Sonny Rollins. Zijn carrière begon in 1946 in plaatselijke bands, die toerden in buurstaten van het midwesten, waaronder in 1947/1948 in de door Sonny Burke geformeerde band The Duke Ambassadors.

Vanaf 1951 werd hij landelijk bekend door zijn lidmaatschap in de bands van Urbie Green en vanaf december 1951 in Woody Hermans Third Herd. Als solist is hij te horen in opnamen van Herman zoals These Foolish Things (Remind Me of You). In 1952/1953 werkte hij weer met eigen bands in zijn geboortestad. In 1956 speelde hij weer bij Hermans Third Herd, in 1956 in Chicago kort bij Stan Kenton en in Los Angeles bij Maynard Ferguson, voordat hij naar Las Vegas verhuisde, waar hij werkte in hotelbands en vervolgens in de begeleidingsband van de countryhumorist Hank Penny. In 1960 speelde hij bij Charlie Ventura in de Thunderbird Lounge. In 1968 begeleidde hij Nancy Wilson bij opnamen in Las Vegas. Met Carl Fontana vormde hij eind jaren 1990 een gezamenlijk kwintet, dat meerdere livealbums inspeelde. Onder zijn eigen naam bracht hij in 2004 het album Sunday Afternoons at the Lighthouse Cafe uit.

Overlijden
Arno Marsh overleed in juli 2019 op 90-jarige leeftijd.

Discografie
 1952-1954: Woody Herman Orchestra: Hey! Heard the Heard? (Verve Records)
????: The Carl Fontana - Arno Marsh Quintet: Live at Capozzoli's, Vol. 1-3
 2005: Hank Penny: It's War Again (National Recording Corporation)

Amerikaans jazzsaxofonist


text:
Meryl Danielle Cassie, född 2 april 1984 i George i Kapprovinsen i Sydafrika, är en skådespelerska och sångerska. 1987 flyttade familjen till Nya Zeeland, främst på grund av apartheidsystemet. Meryl är framför allt känd för sin roll som Ebony i TV-serien The Tribe. Hon har även medverkat i TV-serier som  Shortland Street, Xena - Krigarprinsessan, Revelations: The initial journey och Hercules:The legendary journeys.

Meryl är väldigt duktig på att sjunga och medverkade på nästan alla av Tribealbumets (Abe Messiah) låtar. Meryls äldres systrar Megan Alatini och Monique Cassie spelar också varsin roll i The Tribe. Systrarna sjunger låten Tribe Spirit tillsammans. Låten är skriven av The Tribes exekutiva producent Raymond Thompson och den spelas i seriens fjärde och femte säsong. Meryl har också en äldre bror som heter Miquille. År 2006 födde Meryl en son som heter Rylon. Hennes dotter Breeze föddes 2013.

Externa länkar

Sydafrikanska skådespelare
Nyzeeländska skådespelare under 2000-talet
Kvinnor
Födda 1984
Levande personer


text:
La llista de masies de Lladurs ordena alfabèticament els topònims de diversos edificis de l'actual terme del poble de Lladurs, al municipi de Lladurs, a la comarca catalana del Solsonès.

|align=center colspan=3 style="background: #003399; color:#FFFFFF" | Masies del poble de Lladurs
|-
! Topònim !! Documentadades de !! Emplaçament
|-
|align=center| Alzina del Pla de Cirera, l'
|align=center| 1426
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Barraca, la
|align=center| ?
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Boïgaire, Cal
|align=center| ?
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Borrells
|align=center| Medieval
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Cajola, la
|align=center| Segle XVII
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Casanova de Cinca, la
|align=center| Segle XVIII
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Caseta de l'Alzina, la
|align=center| Segle XIX
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Caseta de Baix, la
|align=center| ?
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Caseta de Dalt, la
|align=center| Segle XIX
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Caseta de Fàbrega, la
|align=center| Segle XIX
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Caseta de la Torre
|align=center| ?
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Casó, el
|align=center| Segle XVI
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Cavallol
|align=center| Medieval
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Cinca
|align=center| Segle XIII
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Cirera d'Amunt
|align=center| Medieval
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Cirera d'Avall
|align=center| Medieval
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Cirera, Hostal de
|align=center| Segle XVIII
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Corral, el
|align=center| Segle XVII
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Fàbrega, la
|align=center| 1103
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Grau, el
|align=center| Segle XVIII
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Llac, el
|align=center| 1372
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Llera
|align=center| 997
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Meix Nou
|align=center| Segle XV
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Meix Vell
|align=center| Segle XIV
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Moixella, la
|align=center| Segle XV
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Om, l'
|align=center| 997
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Planells, els
|align=center| Segle XIX
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Puigsec
|align=center| 1151
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Riard
|align=center| 1021
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Ribereta, la
|align=center| Segle XVIII
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Rotgers
|align=center| Segle X
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Solana, la
|align=center| ?
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Solerot, el
|align=center| Segle XVI
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Torre d'en Dac
|align=center| 975
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Trilla, la
|align=center| Segle XV
|align=center|
|-
|align=center| Vinyaire, Cal
|align=center| ?
|align=center|
|-

Masies històriques
Llista ordenada alfabèticament de les masies del poble de Lladurs de les quals se'n té constància documental però s'ignora on estaven emplaçades:

⊙ Araniola - (1072)
⊙ Comella - ()
⊙ Edera - (1037)
⊙ Estany - (1056)
⊙ Gradelles - (1056)
⊙ Hostalet -(?) - Prop de Llera
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Bibliografia
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Lladurs


text:
John Conduitt (* 1688 in London; † 23. Mai 1737) war ein englisches Parlamentsmitglied (House of Commons, 1721 bis 1737) der Whig-Partei. Er war ein Vertrauter von Isaac Newton, dessen Nachfolger als Direktor der Münze er wurde. Er war mit der Nichte von Isaac Newton verheiratet, die dessen Haushalt führte.

Conduitt besuchte die Westminster School als King's Scholar und studierte ab 1705 am Trinity College der Universität Cambridge als Queen's Scholar. Er verließ die Universität zwei Jahre später ohne Abschluss und war ab 1707 auf Kavaliersreise in den Niederlanden und Deutschland. 1710 war er als Jurist (judge advocat) bei den britischen Streitkräften in Portugal und wurde dort Sekretär des Earl of Portmore. Mit diesem kehrte er 1711 nach England zurück. 1712 wurde er Hauptmann in einem Dragonerregiment in Portugal und wurde 1713 stellvertretender Zahlmeister der britischen Truppen in Gibraltar, was ihn wohlhabend machte. 1717 war er wieder in England und erwarb 1720 ein Gut in Cranbury Park bei Winchester. Ab 1721 war er Parlamentsabgeordneter für Whitchurch in Hampshire mit Unterstützung seines Freundes John Wallop (Lord Lymington), mit dem Versprechen den Sitz bei Volljährigkeit von dessen Sohn wieder zu räumen. Als Whig unterstützte er den Premier Robert Walpole. 1734 wurde er wiedergewählt, zog es aber vor von 1735  bis 1737 für Southampton im Parlament zu sitzen (dort besaß er auch Güter). 1727 wurde er Master of the Mint als Nachfolger von Isaac Newton. Er hatte aber schon ab 1722 dessen Aufgaben übernommen.

Er war seit 1717 mit der Nichte von Isaac Newton Catherine Barton verheiratet. Das war eine Liebesheirat, seine Frau war acht Jahre älter als er und wohlhabend. Davor war sie möglicherweise die Geliebte von Newtons Patron Charles Montagu, Earl of Halifax, gewesen, der ihr bei seinem Tod 1715 ein Vermögen vermachte, und sie war seit etwa 1696 in London und kümmerte sich um Newtons Haushalt. Nach Newtons Tod 1727 verwaltete Conduitt dessen Nachlass. Sie hatten eine 1721 geborene Tochter Catherine. Diese erbte ein Vermögen von 60.000 Pfund und heiratete 1740 den Sohn und Erben von Lord Lymington und wurde Viscountess Lymington. Lymington war auch der erste Earl of Portsmouth,. Es gibt ein Bild von ihr von William Hogarth als Teil einer Kinder-Aufführung des Conquest of Mexico von John Dryden im Haus ihres Vaters 1732. Sie wurde bei ihrem Tod 1750 im Grab ihrer Eltern in Westminster Abbey bestattet.

1736 brachte er ein Gesetz ein, das ein Gesetz von Jakob I. gegen Hexerei aufhob.

Er hatte historische Interessen und wurde 1718 Fellow der Royal Society auf Vorschlag von Newton. Conduitt schrieb 1730 eine Abhandlung über Gold- und Silbermünzen, die postum veröffentlicht wurde. Von ihm stammt auch eine biographische Skizze zu Newton und er sammelte Material für dessen Biographie.

Er liegt mit seiner Frau, die zwei Jahre nach ihm starb, in Westminster Abbey nahe Newton begraben.

Weblinks
Biographie bei History of Parliament
Grab in Westminster Abbey mit Inschrift

Einzelnachweise und Anmerkungen

Engländer
Abgeordneter des House of Commons (Großbritannien 1707–1801)
Mitglied der Royal Society
Geboren 1688
Gestorben 1737
Mann


text:
La iglesia de la Magdalena, situada en la ciudad española de Jaén, es una de las más antiguas de la misma, ya que fue construida a principios del , sobre una antigua mezquita, a su vez construida sobre un culto ancestral anterior. En este templo reside la Antigua e Ilustre Cofradía del Santísimo Cristo de la Clemencia, Nuestro Padre Jesús de la Caída, Santa María Magdalena y María Santísima del Mayor Dolor, que realiza si estación de penitencia en el Martes Santo de la Semana Santa de Jaén.

Localización

Se encuentra situado en la Plaza de la Magdalena, frente al nacimiento de agua, donde se encuentran muestras destinadas al Museo Provincial, en el que se sitúa la gran leyenda popular de la ciudad, Lagarto de la Malena.

Historia

Su origen esta en una primitiva mezquita fundada en el  por Abderramán II, de la cual aún se conservan las cuatro naves y el patio. Conserva unos arcos de herradura y otros de medio punto. En los muros pueden verse pinturas representando reyes cristianos y alguna lápida. En el interior hay una puerta de acceso de doble hoja que mando construir el obispo Diego Tavera Ponce de Léon, en 1555.

Arquitectura

Posee cuatro naves divididas por pilares y arcos apuntados. Su planta es cuadrada irregular y su estilo está muy entremezclado. En su fachada de estilo gótico isabelino destaca la imagen de la Magdalena y a su lado la torre del campanario, antiguo alminar. La iglesia ha sido restaurada en diversas épocas, siendo su imagen actual la de la última restauración, realizada a partir de 1972, de la que existe amplia documentación.

Referencias

Bibliografía

 El Ayuntamiento pone en valor el patio de la iglesia de La Magdalena
 'Ánimas del Purgatorio' vuelve a la iglesia de la Magdalena de Jaén

Enlaces externos

Iglesias de la provincia de Jaén del siglo XVI
Jaén
Magdalena
Jaen


text:
Euphorbia maculata, known as spotted spurge, prostrate spurge (not to be confused with Euphorbia prostrata), milk purslane, or spotted sandmat,  is a fast-growing annual plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. While it is native to North America, where it is a common garden and lawn weed in the United States, it has become a common introduced species throughout the world, including Europe, Japan, Korea, Australia, and New Zealand.

It grows in sunny locations and a variety of soils, and functions as a pioneer species in ecological succession. The sap of this plant is a mild skin irritant and can cause a rash in some people. The sap is poisonous and considered carcinogenic.

Description
Euphorbia maculata is typically prostrate, with specimens rarely reaching up as high as . The stems spread out in a mat along the ground with each stem rarely greater than  long. The leaves are oval but rather elongate, up to  long, and arranged in opposite pairs. The cyathia, bisexual reproductive structures unique to plants in the genus, are very small, with four white petal-like appendages that are sometimes pink.

The leaves are often marked with a reddish spot in the center, a feature that led to the common name of spotted spurge. It is similar to Euphorbia prostrata, but that species has shorter leaves that are more rounded at the tips. It may occasionally be confused with Euphorbia serpens but the very short and rounded leaves of E. serpens in combination with the larger (but still inconspicuous) cyathia should remove any potential for confusion.

References

External links
Missouriplants: Euphorbia maculata

maculata
Flora of North America
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus


text:
Schultz-Gerstein ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Christian Schultz-Gerstein (1945–1987), deutscher Journalist
 Hans-Georg Schultz-Gerstein  (* 1942), deutscher Jurist; von 1998 bis 2004 Präsident der Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg


text:
Johann Philipp Gabler (4 June 1753 – 17 February 1826) was a German Protestant Christian theologian of the school of Johann Jakob Griesbach and Johann Gottfried Eichhorn.

Gabler was born at Frankfurt-am-Main.  In 1772 he entered the University of Jena as a theological student. In 1776 he was on the point of abandoning theology when the arrival of Griesbach inspired within him a new enthusiasm for the subject. After having been successively Repetent in the University of Göttingen and teacher in the public schools of Dortmund (Westphalia) and Altdorf (Bavaria), he was appointed second professor of theology at the University of Altdorf in 1785, then promoted to a chair in Jena in 1804, where he succeeded Griesbach in 1812 and remained until his death.

At Altdorf, Gabler published (1791–93) a new edition, with introduction and notes, of Eichhorn's Urgeschichte.  This was followed, two years later, by a supplement entitled Neuer Versuch uber die mosaische Schopfungsgeschichte. He also wrote many essays characterized by critical acumen, and which had considerable influence on the course of German thought in various issues within theology and Biblical studies.

From 1798 to 1800 he was editor of the Neuestes theologisches Journal, first jointly with H.K.A. Hänlein (1762–1829), Christoph Friedrich von Ammon and Heinrich Eberhard Gottlob Paulus, and afterwards as sole editor; from 1801 to 1804 of the Journal für theologische Litteratur; and from 1805 to 1811 of the Journal für auserlesene theologische Litteratur.  Some of his essays were published by his sons (2 vols., 1831); and a memoir appeared in 1827 by W. Schröter.

Gabler is widely considered to be the father of modern biblical theology because of his 1787 inaugural address at University of Altdorf: On the Correct Distinction Between Dogmatic and Biblical Theology and the Right Definition of Their Goals. Gabler sharply distinguished between biblical and dogmatic theology. For him, biblical theology was simply historical investigation into the beliefs of the biblical authors as they stand in the text. It is purely descriptive and uninfluenced by the viewpoints of modern thinkers. On the other hand, dogmatic theology is a systematized construction, built on the foundation of biblical theology and contextualized — applied to the context or era in which it is to be proclaimed.

References

1753 births
1826 deaths
Writers from Frankfurt
18th-century German Protestant theologians
19th-century German Protestant theologians
19th-century German male writers
German male non-fiction writers
18th-century German male writers
18th-century biblical scholars
18th-century Christian biblical scholars


text:
Мінангкабау (, букв «перемогти буйвола»; , букв. рідна земля) — народність, що населяє Паданзьке нагір'я та прилеглі до нього райони Західної та Центральної Суматри. Нащадки переселенців складають основне населення штату Негері-Сембілан у Малайзії. Населення живе, в основному, у селах; найбільші міста — Паданг, Пеканбару, Букіттінгі, Савахлунто. Мова близька до малайської, від кінця XIX століття використовується Латинська абетка, до того була поширена арабська абетка. Загальна чисельність — близько 7 мільйонів, з них понад 4 мільйони проживають у західній частині Суматри.

Походження назви мінангкабау місцева легенда пояснює так: коли наприкінці XIII століття у країні з'явились яванські війська з Сінгосарі, старійшини запропонували вирішити боротьбу одноборством буйволів. Яванці виставили могутнього дорослого буйвола карбау, а мінангкабау — невеличке теля, яке довго не кормили, а до його ріжок прив'язали довгі гострі ножі. Побачивши буйвола, теля кинулось шукати вим'я й розрізало живіт, звідки й виникла назва «мінанг кабау» — перемогти буйвола.

Основні заняття

Сільське господарство
Народ належить до стародавньої землеробської культури, що базується на вирощуванні рису. Процес вирощування — звичайний для індонезійців, для обробки землі використовують стадо буйволів чи биків, переганяючи їх полем з місця до місця. Прополкою посівів займаються жінки. Для збирання врожаю об'єднується група родичів, потім господарі влаштовують свято для тих, хто брав участь у жнивах.

На ладангах саджають суходільний рис, просо, цукрову тростину, бобові, кукурудзу й тютюн, деякі городні культури — батат, капусту, цибулю, помідори, огірки, гарбузи, баклажани, земляний горіх. Ладанг облаштовують підсічно-вогневим способом.

Широко поширено розведення плодів, бананові, кокосові, мангові ліси, сади кавових, перцевих і коричних дерев, посадки бетелевої пальми й гамбіру. Експортні культури — кава, тютюн і гвоздика, каучуконоси й олійні культури.

Скотарство
Основні свійські тварини — бики й буйволи, коні, дрібна худоба — кози; розводять курей, гусей і качок. На узбережжі займаються морським рибальством, також рибу виловлюють у річках, струмках, озерах; окрім риби, ловлять крабів, креветок і молюсків. Ловлять за допомогою сітки, верші, вудки. Раніше застосовувались перегороджування річок, труєння рослинною отрутою; нині таке заборонено. Мисливство відіграє незначну роль, лише на півночі й південному сході, в районі джунглів. Полювання на диких кабанів з собаками, на оленів і тигрів, із застосуванням бамбукових загонів, пасток, мисливських ям. Поширено збирання меду диких бджіл.

Ремесла
Високо розвинуті ремесла. Прядіння, ткацтво, обробка золотої та срібної парчі, фарбування пряжі, плетіння мережив та вишивка золотою ниткою — заняття жінок. Робота по металу — ковальство, лиття, карбування, ювелірна справа — традиційні ремесла мінангкабау. Усюди поширено плетення, майже в кожному поселенні жінки самі роблять посуд, розвинуті чоловічі ремесла — обробка шкіри, виття мотузок, добування золота старательським способом. Приготування пальмової олії, обробка тютюну, варка тростини й пальмового цукру, обпалювання вапна — заняття обох статей.

Промисловість
Промисловість західного узбережжя Суматри пов'язана з обробкою рудної й сільськогосподарської сировини, виробництвом будівельних матеріалів. Від 1986 року в районі Сахалунто розпочався видобуток вугілля. Відбувається постійний обмін товарами між громадами.

Житло
Звичайна назів села — «кото». Існують тимчасові поселення для тих, хто працює — «тарата». Звичайне село складається з кількох кварталів, все село оточене ровом. Розростаючись, кото виходить за межі й отримує назву «нагарі», де будуються громадські будівлі, що формуются біля ринкової площі.

Всі будівлі мають особливі риси. Будинок каркасний, прямокутний, до 2 м заввишки. Будинки заможних людей яскраво пофарбовані червоною, білою або чорною фарбою. Основні меблі — циновки й низькі столики, звичний скарб — глиняні горщики, металевий посуд, сундуки з одягом.

Найбільші міста, в яких мінангкабау складають абсолютну чи відносну більшість населення — Паданг, Пеканбару, Букіттінгі.

Харчування

Основна їжа — рис, а також риба, м'ясо, фрукти. Кисле молоко буйволиць, посмачене сіллю з цибулею, слугує приправою до рису. Вживають у їжу також коників, летючих мурах. Святкова страва — смажена курка, качка, голуб, яйця курячі й качині. Жують бетель, курять тільки чоловіки, алкоголь п'ють мало, тільки рагі — вид рисової горілки чи туак — пальмовий сік, що перебродив. Їжу розкладають на пальмовому листі.

Одяг
Чоловіки зазвичай одягають штани до колін або саронг. Повсякденний одяг — куртка, хустка через ліве плече, головний убір дета — шматок узорчатої тканини. Взуття для чиновників та інтелігенції, волосся чоловіки коротко стрижуть. Хаджі поверх довгого нижнього одягу білого кольору одягають білі одежі з глухим коміром, носять тюрбани.

Жіночий одяг — каїн або саронг, кофта баджу та плечова хустка — саландданг. Волосся вкладають на затилок або у вузол. Носять браслети, каблучки, металеві пластинки, носять коробочки й сумочки для бетелю. До XIX століття був поширений звичай підпилювання та чорніння зубів.

Суспільний устрій
Основа соціальної культури — автономна сільська громада — нагарі. Кожен житель нагарі має права на підйом цілини, але з дозволу ради нагарі. Земля всередині громади розподіляється всередині кровнородинних колективів. Нагарі керує виборна рада, яку очолює валі нагарі. Члени ради отримують платню від громади. Зазвичай валі найбільш заможні у громаді.

У соціальній організації мінангкабау простежується материнськородова структура, організація шлюбних поселень — матрилокальна, все населення нагарі належить до одного з чотирьох суку — материнські роди, що розрослись та походять від легендарних пращурів. Суку та його підрозділи — кампуенг мають свої посади — старійшина, радники з релігійних та адатних справ.

Подальший поділ кемпунга — сабуах паруї або паруї — група, що налічує п'ять поколінь від жіночої лінії від реальної прародительки. Кемпунг є основною сільськогосподарською одиницею всередині громади та разом з чоловіками є великою матрилінійну родину. Вона розпадається на джураї, що включає три-чотири покоління. Остання група — самандай, тобто, мати зі своїми дітьми. Важливі питання життя джураї зазвичай обговрюють на родинній раді, що складається з усіх дорослих членів родини. Одним з основних правил життя у родових групах та у всій громаді є принцип взаємодопомоги, що надається за родовою ознакою.

Шлюб і родина

Пропозиція шлюбу походить від родини нареченої, поширені сорорат і левірат, заручини можуть відбуватись у дитинстві.

Передшлюбні церемонії проводить імам. Останній день є найбільш урочистим, у будинку нареченої збираються всі родичі, забивають для пригощання буйвола. Найбільш урочистий момент — молоді їдять їжу з одного блюда, їх посипають рисом на знак побажання багатодітності.

Чоловік після шлюбу ночує у будинку дружини, але його зв'язок зі своїми кровними родичами є дуже сильним, оскільки він має великий обов'язок перед племінниками. У разі розлучення діти залишаються з матір'ю, майно розділяють.

Пологи відбуваються у передній загальній кімнаті, звідки видаляються всі чоловіки, голову новонародженого вибривають, залишаючи пучок волосся, вважається, що він охороняє дитину від злих духів. Обрізання (sunat rasul) хлопчикам роблять не раніше 10 років. У 15 хлопчик стає повнолітнім і отримує право одружуватись.

У разі смерті родичі померлого з боку матері обмивають тіло, обмотують у білу тканину та кладуть поряд цінні речі. Цвинтар облаштовують біля села, кожен суку має свою власну ділянку.

Вірування
Серед мінангкабау багато мусульман. На чолі мусульман нагарі стоїть каді. Імам стежить за мечеттю, хатіб виголошує проповіді, білал закликає до молитви, гарім прислуговується у мечеті, всі вони живуть на пожертви.

Під мусульманською оболонкою ще живуть стародавні вірування, змішані з індуїстським впливом. Значну роль у минулому відігравала магія, що зберігається у селах дотепер, всі дії здійснює дукун. Існує віра в перевертнів та перевтілення.

Фольклор і література
Усна й письмова література дуже багата (казки про тварин, ліричні пантуни, загадки). Значну популярність мають мінангкабауські каба — великі твори героїко-пригодницького плану, історії про виникнення окремих нагарі з домішками індійського епосу й арабської літератури.

У новітні часи відомі митці Абдул Муїс — основоположник індонезійського роману, Марах Руслі, Мохаммад Раджаб — письменник, історик і громадський діяч, Асрул Сані — за походженням мінангкабау.

Музика, танці та ігри
На народних святах часто вимовляють речитативом перекази. З музичних інструментів найвідоміші тамбурин, барабани, бамбукові флейти (салуанг).

Різноманітним є танцювальне мистецтво. У давнину танцювали тільки чоловіки, а тепер — і жінки. На святах жінки танцюють витончений танок із тарілочками зі свічками, що палають. Популярні також танці з лампами, дзвониками, прив'язаними до ніг.

Широко поширені ігри — півнячі бої, бої голубів і перепілок, картярські ігри, гра у м'яч, сплетений з ротану. Грають також у шахи та шашки.

Примітки

Література
 Маретін Ю. В. Народы мира. Этнографические очерки: Народы Юго-Восточной Азии / Під ред. О. А. Губера. — М.: Видавництво АН СССР, 1966 — стор. 502—511
 Маретін Ю. В. Община минангкабау и её разложение (первая треть XX века). — ТИЭ, т. 73. — М.: 1961. — стор. 41-58
 Маретін Ю. В. Адат, ислам и политическая борьба у минангкабау в первой половине XX века // «Советская этнография». 1964. № 6. — стор. 18-29
 Маретін Ю. В. Отмирание пережитков материнского рода в семейно-брачных отношениях минангкабау // «Советская этнография». 1960. № 3. — стор. 6-17
 Яхонтов С. Є. О классификации языков Юго-Восточной Азии // Страны и народы Востока. 1973. Вип. XV. С. 303
 Кондрашкіна О. О. Индонезия: языковая ситуация и языковая политика. — М.: Наука, 1986. — стор. 71-83

Посилання
 В гостях у Мінангкабау
 Мінангкабау
 Індонезійські мови

Народи Індонезії
Народи Малайзії
Народи Сінгапуру
Західноіндонезійські народи
Західна Суматра