text:
Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda, né le  à Popayán et mort le  à Puracé (Cauca), est un général et homme d'État colombien. Il fut président de la Colombie à quatre reprises, de 1845 à 1849, de 1861 à 1863, de 1863 à 1864 et de 1866 à 1867. Président libéral, il est l'homme fort du pays dans les années qui suivent la guerre civile colombienne de 1860-1862 et le principal artisan de l'avènement des États-Unis de Colombie.

En 1861, il déclare la sécession de l'État du Cauca, le plus vaste des États fédérés, et la guerre au gouvernement de la Confédération grenadine afin d'augmenter le pouvoir du Cauca au sein de la confédération. Le , Mosquera prend Bogota et se déclare président provisoire. L'un de ses premiers actes est de renommer le pays en États-Unis de Nouvelle-Grenade (), nom abandonné en novembre de la même année pour celui d'États-Unis de Colombie (). À partir du  se réunit la convention de Rionegro. Il en résulte une nouvelle constitution qui entérine le changement de nom du pays et redéfinit la répartition des pouvoirs entre le gouvernement central et les États fédérés au profit de ces derniers. La diminution du pouvoir central entraînera de nombreux heurts entre les États fédérés, certains dégénérant en guerre civile (notamment en 1876-1877).

Le , le général Mosquera laisse la place de président à Manuel Murillo Toro, libéral, ancien ministre du président José Hilario López. En 1865, durant l'absence du général Mosquera, les conservateurs tentent de prendre le contrôle de l'État du Cauca, fief du général. Le , Mosquera est élu une nouvelle fois à la présidence. Il ne prend ses fonctions que le , l'intérim étant assuré par José María Rojas Garrido. Mosquera fait adopter un décret qui ordonne le licenciement des troupes entretenues par les gouverneurs. Le gouverneur et l'assemblée de l'État de Panama déclarent ce décret nul. Mosquera envoie 500 hommes en garnison dans l'État pour le faire appliquer. Son intervention dans les troubles qui secouent les États de Santander et Antioquia le font accuser d'agissements dictatoriaux. Le , Mosquera adresse sa démission à la cour suprême, qui la refuse. En 1867, le Congrès rend aux États le pouvoir de lever des troupes. Sur le plan extérieur, Mosquera maintient la neutralité du pays dans la guerre hispano-sud-américaine, interdisant le transit des approvisionnements et munitions par l'isthme de Panama. Il déclare les ports colombiens ouverts aux belligérants.

En 1867, profitant d'une guerre civile dans l'État de Magdalena, Mosquera rétablit l'article 92 de la constitution qui donne au président des pouvoirs discrétionnaires en cas de troubles. Il fait arrêter l'ancien président Murillo et obtient des députés l'approbation de ses actes. Il envoie des troupes contre le président de l'État de Magdalena, le chassant de Santa Marta sans toutefois mettre fin à la guerre civile. Mis en accusation, il opte pour un coup d'État. Le , il prononce la dissolution du congrès et déclare l'état de guerre. Il adresse un appel au peuple et envoie un message aux présidents des États les assurant de son respect pour l'autonomie des États et de son désir de paix et accusant le congrès de trahison. Les présidents des États de Magdalena et Santander le déclarent déchu. Le général Santos Acosta, chef de l'armée et président de l'État de Boyacá, renverse le président. Il le fait prisonnier le  et convoque le congrès. Mosquera, accusé de mesures anticonstitutionnelles, est condamné à quatre ans d'exil. Le général Santos Gutiérrez est rappelé d'Europe et assure l'intérim du pouvoir.

Vie personnelle

Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera est le frère de Joaquín Mosquera (1787-1878), président de la Grande Colombie du  au  et du  au .

Carrière militaire et politique

À seize ans, en 1814, Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera s'engage pour l'indépendance de la Colombie en rejoignant comme cadet le combat de Simón Bolívar. Il est nommé sous-lieutenant en , lieutenant en .

En 1820, il est commandant de la première compagnie du bataillon de réserve, commandant de Popayán et de sa garde civile sous les ordres du gouverneur de Popayán, José Solís. Il est nommé lieutenant-colonel en 1822, colonel en 1824.

Le , il est nommé à l'intendance de Guayaquil (aujourd'hui en Équateur). En février de l'année suivant, il est à Popayán en tant que commandant général du département de Cauca chargé de l'intendance, sous les ordres du général Pedro León Torres. Il est ensuite nommé à l'état-major général et à l'inspection des armées. En 1829, il est nommé général.

Mosquera est absent durant la dissolution de la Grande Colombie, étant envoyé comme diplomate au Pérou de 1829 à 1830, dans diverses nations d'Europe et aux États-Unis d'Amérique de 1830 à 1833.

Il fait ensuite partie du Congrès de 1834 à 1837. Le conservateur José Ignacio de Márquez le nomme Secrétaire à la Guerre, poste auquel il est victorieux lors de la Guerre des Suprêmes en 1840, première guerre civile de la Colombie indépendante.

Il est nommé ambassadeur auprès du Pérou, du Chili et de la Bolivie entre 1842 et 1845.

Première présidence (1845-1849)

Lors de l'élection présidentielle colombienne de 1845, Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera est élu président de la République de Nouvelle-Grenade. Il est le  à occuper cette fonction.

Durant son mandat, ses principales actions portent sur :
 l'accroissement du commerce extérieur. À cet effet, le traité Mallarino-Bidlack est signé avec les États-Unis.
 la revitalisation de la culture du café en abolissant les impôts coloniaux encore existants.
 l'introduction du système métrique dans le pays
 l'initiation d'une politique de séparation de l'Église et de l'État
 la nomination de l'architecte danois Thomas Reed pour superviser la construction du Capitole national de Colombie à Bogota.
 la réalisation du premier recensement de l'histoire de la Colombie.
 la promotion du trafic fluvial à vapeur sur le río Magdalena.

Sa politique est vue d'un mauvais œil par les forces conservatrices qui l'ont porté au pouvoir et Mosquera se rapproche des idées du parti libéral.

Guerre civile

Son mandat terminé, Mosquera se rend à New York où il se consacre aux entreprises commerciales de sa famille, dont il revient en 1854 pour combattre la dictature de José María Melo. Il combat les propriétaires terriens, tant conservateurs que libéraux, contre lesquels il fédèrent les Indiens, en lutte contre l'expropriation de leurs terres collectives, les Noirs, descendants d'esclaves, et les petits artisans appauvris par le libre-échange pratiqué par les classes dirigeantes.

Désormais totalement en phase avec les idées du parti libéral, il siège au congrès en tant que représentant et sénateur. Il est candidat à l'élection présidentielle de 1857 où il arrive en troisième position derrière le conservateur Mariano Ospina Rodríguez et le libéral Manuel Murillo Toro.

Après le changement constitutionnel de 1858 qui transforme la République de Nouvelle-Grenade en Confédération grenadine, il est élu président de l'État fédéral de Cauca et devient le chef de file de l'opposition libérale au président Ospina qui ne respecte pas l'autonomie des États confédérés.

En 1860, Mosquera déclare la sécession de l'État fédéral de Cauca et la guerre à la Confédération grenadine. Il reçoit rapidement le soutien des états fédéraux de Santander et Tolima (partie occidentale de l'État fédéral de Cundinamarca ayant fait sécession). La guerre civile voit s'affronter les conservateurs emmenés par le président Mariano Ospina Rodríguez et les libéraux conduits par Mosquera pendant deux ans. Le , Mosquera prend Bogota. Il se déclare alors président provisoire. Le  voit la victoire définitive des libéraux lors d'une bataille près de Cartago.

Seconde et troisième présidences (1861-1864)

Durant la période où Mosquera est président provisoire (de la prise de Bogotá le  à la réunion de la nouvelle assemblée constituante), ses principales actions sont dirigées contre le pouvoir de l'Église, par des expropriations et l'expulsion des jésuites.

Le  se réunit la convention de Rionegro. Il en résulte une nouvelle constitution d'inspiration libérale qui entérine le changement de nom du pays pour celui d'États-Unis de Colombie et redéfinit la répartition des pouvoirs entre le gouvernement central et les États fédérés au profit de ces derniers.

Mosquera est élu pour diriger le pays jusqu'à l'élection présidentielle colombienne de 1864 qui voit la victoire de Manuel Murillo Toro. Celui-ci remplace Mosquera dans ses fonctions le  avril.

Quatrième présidence (1866-1867)

Lors de l'élection présidentielle colombienne de 1866, Mosquera est élu président malgré l'opposition des libéraux radicaux. Son mandat est marqué par les relations difficiles avec le Vatican, qui provoquent une intervention du pape Pie IX, et des manières du président jugées dictatoriales. Le , Mosquera prononce la dissolution du Congrès et déclare l'état de guerre. Il fait de Bogota un district fédéral, adresse un appel au peuple et envoie un message aux présidents de États les assurant de son respect pour l'autonomie des États et de son désir de paix et accusant le congrès de trahison. Les présidents des États de Magdalena et Santander le déclarent déchu. Le général Santos Acosta, chef de l'armée et président de l'État de Boyacá, renverse le président. Il le fait prisonnier le  et convoque le congrès. Mosquera, accusé de mesures anticonstitutionnelles, est condamné à quatre ans d'exil. Le général Santos Gutiérrez est rappelé d'Europe et assure l'intérim du pouvoir.

Fin de vie et mort

Mosquera vit pendant trois ans en exil à Lima, au Pérou. Il y étudie les différentes théories sur la création de l'Univers et publie en 1868 un livre sur le sujet intitulé Cosmogonia.

Il est de retour en Colombie pour l'élection présidentielle colombienne de 1870, où il est battu par Eustorgio Salgar. Il est élu président de l'État de Cauca, poste qu'il occupe jusqu'en 1873. En 1876, il est sénateur.

Il meurt le  à l'âge de 80 ans dans son hacienda près de Popayán. Ses restes reposent au panthéon de Popayán.

Ascendance

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Liens externes

  Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera, sur www.biografiasyvidas.com

Président de la république de Nouvelle-Grenade
Président de la Confédération grenadine
Président des États-Unis de Colombie
Militaire colombien du XIXe siècle
Naissance en septembre 1798
Décès en octobre 1878
Naissance à Popayán
Personnalité du Parti conservateur colombien
Personnalité du Parti libéral colombien
Décès dans le département de Cauca
Décès à 80 ans


text:
Новотро́ицкий — посёлок в Сосновском районе Челябинской области. Входит в состав Полетаевского сельского поселения.

География
Расстояние до районного центра, Долгодеревенского, 54 км.

Население

По данным Всероссийской переписи, в 2010 году численность населения посёлка составляла 139 человек (60 мужчин и 79 женщин).

Улицы
Уличная сеть посёлка состоит из 4 улиц и 1 переулка.

Примечания

Населённые пункты Сосновского района (Челябинская область)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
"Weird Al" Yankovic – debiutancki album amerykańskiego parodysty "Weird Ala" Yankovica wydany w 1983. "Weird Al" Yankovic parodiuje pop i rocka z przełomu późnych lat '70 i wczesnych '80.

Lista utworów

Muzycy
 "Weird Al" Yankovic – akordeon, śpiew
 William K. Anderson – harmonijka, saksofon, śpiew
 Richard Bennett – banjo, gitara, ukulele, śpiew
 Zaidee Cole – śpiew
 Rick Derringer – gitara, śpiew
 Dr. Demento – śpiew
 Steve Jay – bas, śpiew
 Tress MacNeille – Lucy
 Joan Manners – śpiew
 Joel Miller – bongosy, conga
 Dorothy Remsen – harfa
 Rick & Bubba – śpiew
 Jon "Bermuda" Schwartz – perkusja, chórki
 Dawn Smithey – śpiew

Produkcja
 Producent: Rick Derringer
 Techniczni: Peter Kelsey, Tony Papaa

Albumy pop-rockowe
Albumy muzyczne wydane w roku 1983


text:
Engelepogon collarti is een vliegensoort uit de familie van de roofvliegen (Asilidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1964 door Bequaert.

Roofvliegen


text:
Заречье () — село на Украине, основано в 1879 году, находится в Коростенском районе Житомирской области.

Код КОАТУУ — 1822386003. Население по переписи 2001 года составляет 229 человек. Почтовый индекс — 11571. Телефонный код — 4142. Занимает площадь 1,256 км².

Адрес местного совета
11571, Житомирская область, Коростенский р-н, с.Ушомир, ул.Березюка, 17

Ссылки
 Заречье на сайте Верховной рады Украины

Населённые пункты Коростенского района


text:
Watertown Airport may refer to:

 Watertown International Airport in Watertown, New York, United States (FAA: ART)
 Watertown Regional Airport (formerly Watertown Municipal) in Watertown, South Dakota, United States (FAA: ATY)
 Watertown Municipal Airport (Wisconsin) in Watertown, Wisconsin, United States (FAA: RYV)


text:
Der Seat 131 war ein von Anfang 1975 bis Anfang 1985 produzierter Pkw der unteren Mittelklasse. Es gab ihn als viertürige Stufenhecklimousine und als fünftürigen Kombi. Mit dem 131 ersetzte Seat die Baureihe Seat 1430.

Er wurde in Spanien mit der Karosserie des Fiat 131, aber vom italienischen Original abweichender Motorisierung gebaut:

Der Seat 131 L erbte den Motor des Seat 1430 mit 1438 cm³ und 55 kW/75 PS. Seine Höchstgeschwindigkeit lag bei 155 km/h. Der Seat 131 E erhielt den Motor des Seat 1430 Especial 1600 mit 1592 cm³ und 70 kW/95 PS. Er fuhr bis zu 170 km/h schnell. Beide Fahrzeuge wurden von 1975 bis 1981 angeboten.

Der Seat 131 Diesel hatte einen 4-Zylinder-Reihenmotor von Perkins mit 1760 cm³ und 36 kW / 49 PS. Ab 1980 wurde stattdessen ein 2,5-l-Motor von SOFIM (der 8140) eingesetzt.

Wie beim Fiat 131 wurden beim Seat ab Frühjahr 1978 auch Supermirafiori-Versionen angeboten. Der Seat 131 Supermirafiori 1800 entwickelte 79 kW / 107 PS aus 1756 cm³ Hubraum, der Seat 131 Supermirafiori 1900 80 kW/109 PS aus 1920 cm³ Hubraum. Beide Versionen, die bis 1985 erhältlich waren, fuhren bis zu 175 km/h schnell.

Anfang 1985 wurde die Produktion des Seat 131 beendet. Sein Nachfolger hieß Malaga.

Weblinks

131
Fahrzeug der Mittelklasse
Limousine
Kombi


text:
WESZ-LP (98.7 FM, "Oldies 98.7") is a radio station licensed to serve Abbeville, Alabama.  The station is owned by Abbeville Broadcasting Inc. It airs an Oldies music format.

The station was assigned the WESZ-LP call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on December 27, 2002.

References

External links
WESZ-LP official website

WESZ-LP service area per the FCC database

ESZ-LP
ESZ-LP
Oldies radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 2004
2004 establishments in Alabama
Henry County, Alabama


text:
Der Campeonato da Liga 1937/38 war die vierte Saison und letzte Probespielzeit der höchsten portugiesischen Spielklasse im Fußball der Männer. Sie gebann am 16. Januar 1938 und endete am 8. Mai 1938.

Dem offiziellen Beginn der ersten Liga 1938/39 vorgeschaltet waren vier Probe-Spielzeiten. Die Gewinner in diesen vier Jahren des Campeonato da Liga trugen den Titel Campeão de Liga (= Ligameister). Während die Federação Portuguesa de Futebol (FPF) diese Titel in einer getrennten Liste aufführt, also offiziell nicht wertet, zählen die Vereine sie zu ihren Landesmeistertiteln hinzu. Der Titel Campeão de Portugal (=portugiesischer Meister) wurde im parallel laufenden Wettbewerb Campeonato de Portugal im K.O.-Modus ausgetragen.

In der letzten Probesaison wurde Benfica Lissabon zum dritten Mal in Folge Ligameister.

Teilnehmer

Bis 1948 waren die Mannschaften teilnahmeberechtigt, die sich durch die regionalen Turniere qualifizieren konnten. Auf- und Abstieg wurde erst danach eingeführt.

Mit dem FC Barreirense nahm zum ersten Mal eine Mannschaft aus Barreiro an der Meisterschaft teil. Boavista Porto nahm diese Saison nicht teil.

Abschlusstabelle

Platzierungskriterien: 1. Punkte – 2. Niederlagen – 3. Direkter Vergleich (Punkte, Tordifferenz, geschossene Tore) – 4. Tordifferenz – 5. geschossene Tore

Kreuztabelle

Die Meistermannschaft von Benfica Lissabon

Weblinks
 Portugal 1937-38 auf rsssf.com
 Liga Portuguesa 1937/38 auf zerozero.pt

Einzelnachweise

Primeira-Liga-Saison
Fußballsaison 1937/38


text:
This is a list of ferns and other pteridophytes native to the U.S state of Georgia.

References

Lists of plants
Flora of Georgia (U.S. state)


text:
Armadale is a neighbourhood which overlaps the city of Markham, Ontario and the city of Toronto, Ontario, in Canada. The historical community is situated in the south-east of Markham and north-east of the former suburb of Scarborough, now part of Toronto.

History

Armadale's past began long before the first European settlers even reached the area. Archaeological initiatives spearheaded by the University of Toronto and the Royal Ontario Museum led to a wealth of First Nation artifacts like arrowheads and pottery being unearthed. On the west half of Lot 2 Concession 8, there is even a dark patch of soil that demarcates the position of an age-old Iroquois longhouse.

As early as 1805, United Empire Loyalist settlers moved into the region (Steeles Avenue and 8th Line). The community's name was first known as Magdala. A postal station was established in 1869 along what is now Passmore Avenue, but the name Magdala was not accepted and the post office became known as Armadale. It was aptly named after a small village near Edinburgh, Scotland.

Between 1840 and 1860, the hamlet thrived as a small mercantile center boasting two blacksmith shops, a hotel and a post office. The fortunes of the bustling community were brought to a premature end when the establishment of the Toronto and Nipissing Railway, built in 1871, which by-passed Armadale. When rural mail delivery was introduced in 1917, the community's post office was closed. Only the historic Armadale Free Methodist Church (1880), and several residential houses remains as a reminder of the hamlet's early settlement.

Other buildings in the small community included:

 blacksmith shop
 brick making yard
 several farms
 general store operated by the Beare Family
 Temperance hotel
 Tavern

In 1954, the communities south of Steeles Avenue was severed from York County, forming the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto. As Armadale was situated along Steeles Avenue, it was split between the two county/regional governments. The portions of Armadale located south of Steeles Avenue became a part of Metropolitan Toronto, while the portion of the community north of Steeles Avenue remained a part of York County (reorganized into the Regional Municipality of York in 1971).

Urban development (1980–present)
The Markham portion of Armadale, north of Steeles Avenue was developed in the 1980s and 1990s as a residential community from farmland. This area of Markham is home to predominantly middle-income families. There is also a visible infrastructural decay of neighbourhoods located here.

South of Steeles Avenue, in the Scarborough portion of Armadale, The land has remained undeveloped with many abandoned farms and apple orchards. Small industrial and commercial parks were built in the area. There are many businesses and factories along Passmore Avenue. A plaza, once contained a T & T Supermarket (now Field Fresh Supermarket) along with many shops catering to Asian customers, was recently opened to the east of the farm along Middlefield Road and Steeles Avenue. Along Steeles Avenue east of Markham was a small farm selling vegetables with industrial parks lining the south part of the farm, however, this farm will soon disappear as a new Asian-oriented shopping centre will be built on the property.

Education

Two public school boards operate schools in Armadale. The York Catholic District School Board (YRDSB), and the York Region District School Board (YRDSB). The former is a separate public school boards, whereas the latter is a secular public school boards. YCDSB and YRDSB operates several schools in Armadale, as well as provide schooling for those residing north of Steeles Avenue.

YCDSB and YRDSB operates each operate a secondary schools in Armadale. Middlefield Collegiate Institute is a secondary school operated by YRDSB, whereas Father Michael McGivney Catholic Academy is operated by YCDSB. The two school boards operate several public elementary schools in the Markham portion of Armadale, including:

 Armadale Public School (YRDSB)
 Cedarwood Public School (YRDSB)
 Coppard Glen Public School (YRDSB)
 Markham Gateway Public School (YRDSB)
 Ellen Fairclough Public School (YRDSB)
 St.Vincent de Paul CES (YCDSB)

Schools operated by the Toronto District School Board (TDSB) and Toronto Catholic District School Board (TCDSB) also serve students residing in portion of Armadale south of Steeles Avenue. However, neither school board maintains a school in Armadale. TCDSB and TDSB students residing in Armadale, would also attend TCDSB and TDSB based in Agincourt, and Milliken.

Two public school boards provide schooling for all residents of Armadale, on both sides of Steeles Avenue, Conseil scolaire Viamonde (CSV), and Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir. The two school boards operate French first language institutions throughout Greater Toronto, the former operating public secular schools, the latter operating separate schools. However, neither school boards operate institutions in Armadale, with CSV/MonAvenir students attending schools in adjacent neighbourhoods.

Recreation
Public recreational facilities in Amadale include Armadale Community Centre, a small multi-purpose facility on Denison Street west of McCowan Road. Built in the early 1990s, the facility has community rooms, small gym as well as outdoor tennis courts (used by Armadale Tennis Club), two soccer pitches and a baseball field. Aaniin Community Centre is a large multi-purpose facility on 14th Avenue east of Middlefield Road. Opened in 2018, the facility has community rooms, gyms, indoor pool and library.

Other amenities in Armadale include:

 Armadale Tennis Club - Markham
 Beaupre Park - Markham
 Elson Park - Markham
 Featherstone Park - Markham
 James Edward Park - Markham
 Milliken Crossing Plaza - Scarborough

References

Neighbourhoods in Markham, Ontario
Neighbourhoods in Toronto
Scarborough, Toronto
1805 establishments in Upper Canada


text:
Miles McMullan (1 de agosto de 1967) es un escritor, ilustrador, conservacionista y naturalista de origen irlandés.

Biografía
Estudió en la Universidad de Úlster y Trinity College. Trabaja como guía de viajes desde el 2003. Escribió textos académicos durante muchos años antes de especializarse en libros de guías de campo sobre aves para países neotropicales como Colombia, Ecuador y las Islas Galápagos. Sus libros han sido reconocidos como el segundo mejor libro de naturaleza del año 2010 y entre los mejores libros de aves en los últimos 25 años. Su libro Guía de Campo de las Aves de Colombia, se contó entre los libros más vendidos de la Feria Internacional del Libro, Bogotá (FilBo), 2018.

Sus obras incluyen la Guía de Campo de las Aves de Colombia, 2010, 2011, 2014 y 2018; Guía de Campo de las Aves de Ecuador 2013 y 2017; Guía de Campo de Colibríes 2015; Guía de Campo de las Islas Galápagos 2017, Aves de los Andes Colombianos, Aves de Meta y Los Llanos Colombianos, Aves de la Cordillera Occidental, Vida Terrestre de las Galapagos además de muchos libros más pequeños e investigación científica.

McMullan trabaja con varios ONGs de la conservación como Mindo Cloud Forest Foundation y ha realizado muchos trabajos con las comunidades indígenas de Colombia para la conservación de sus territorios. Además de su trabajo como autor McMullan da charlas y conferencias sobre el arte, la naturaleza, la conservación, y otros temas. Se han hecho varios programas de televisión acerca de él en Colombia, España, Australia y Reino Unido. Actualmente reside en Colombia.

Libros

 McMullan Birding Guía de Las Aves de Colombia (2021)
Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia (2010, 2014, 2018)
 Guía de Campo de Las Aves de Colombia (2011)
 Fieldbook of the Birds of Ecuador (2013, 2017)
 Field Guide to the Hummingbirds (2016)
 Field Guide to the Galapagos Islands (2017)
 Aves de los Andes Colombianos (2019)
 Aves del Meta y los Llanos Colombianos (2019)
 Aves de la Cordillera Occidental (2019)
 Birds and Common Mammals of Ecuadorian Amazon (2012)
 Birds of Northwest Ecuador (2009)
 Guía de las Aves de la Reserva Natural Mesenia-Paramillo
 Vida Terrestre de las Galapagos

Referencias

Aves de América del Sur
Colibri
Ornitología
Ilustradores
Nacidos en 1967
Escritores de Irlanda del Norte
Escritores de Irlanda


text:
The Volunteer Shield was a trophy awarded to the primary supporter group of the Tennessean club in the National Premier Soccer League with the best head-to-head record. It was inaugurated in 2015, and awarded retroactively to Chattanooga FC for the best record during the 2014 season. The shield derives its name from the state's nickname, the "Volunteer State," and is made of Tulip Poplar, the official state tree of Tennessee.

Teams
Originally contested between three teams, at the shield's peak it was contested between four clubs within the NPSL's Southeastern Conference. Chattanooga FC had been the longest standing member of the competition before it left the league following the 2019 season.

As of 2020, only one team in the NPSL (Inter Nashville) is based in the state of Tennessee.

Previous results

2014

2015

2016

2017

For 2017, the Southeast Conference was split in two with Knoxville Force competing in the East Division while Chattanooga FC, Memphis City FC, and new team Inter Nashville FC all competed in the West Division. To accommodate for this, the shield organizers divided the four teams into two groups:

Chattanooga vs Inter Nashville
Memphis City vs Knoxville Force

The results from the two matches within each group would determine who wins that group. Once the two group winners emerge, the points earned in the two regular season matches the group winners played against one another would determine the overall winner. If those points were tied, or if the two group winners didn't play in the regular season, the first tiebreaker would be the results of a playoff match between the group winners. If the group winners did not meet in the playoffs, then the overall results stand tied between the group winners and both would be listed a co-champions.

Chattanooga and Knoxville both won their groups on tie-breakers but since neither team played one-another in the regular season, the shield champion would be decided by tie-breaker whether that be a in a playoff match between the two sides or PointPerGame average vs other Tennessee teams. In the first playoff round, which Knoxville had a bye in due to winning the East Division, Chattanooga fell to Nashville, 2-1, meaning the Knoxville Force won the shield based on PPG (1.5 to 1.0).

Group A

Tiebreakers: 1) Goal Diff in the two group matches; 2) Goals Scored in the two group matches; 3) Points earned in Southeast Conference play; 4) Goal Differential in Southeast Conference matches; 5) Coin-flip

Group B

Tiebreakers: 1) Goal Diff in the two group matches; 2) Goals Scored in the two group matches; 3) Points earned in Southeast Conference play; 4) Goal Differential in Southeast Conference matches; 5) Coin-flip

Other 2017 matches between Tennessee teams

2018

2019

See also
 Cascadia Cup a three-team rivalry for MLS teams in the Pacific Northwest
 Southern Derby a multi-team rivalry for soccer clubs in the South Atlantic states

References

Soccer in Tennessee
Soccer rivalries in the United States
2015 establishments in Tennessee


text:
This is a list of the heads of state of Uganda, from the independence of Uganda in 1962 to the present day.

From 1962 to 1963, the head of state under the Constitution of 1962 was the Queen of Uganda, Elizabeth II, who was also the Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. The queen was represented in Uganda by a governor-general. Uganda became a republic within the Commonwealth under a 1963 constitutional amendment and the monarch and governor-general were replaced by a ceremonial president, which was replaced by an executive presidency in 1966.

Monarchy (1962–1963)
The succession to the throne was the same as the succession to the British throne.

Governor-general
The governor-general was the representative of the monarch in Uganda and exercised most of the powers of the monarch. The governor-general was appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the monarch. Since Uganda was granted independence by the Uganda Independence Act 1962, rather than being first established as a semi-autonomous dominion and later promoted to independence as defined by the Statute of Westminster 1931, the governor-general was to be always appointed solely on the advice of the Cabinet of Uganda without the involvement of the British government. As Uganda became a republic before Walter Coutts, the former colonial governor, was replaced, this has never happened. In the event of a vacancy the chief justice would have served as the officer administering the government.

Status

First Republic (1963–1971)

Under the 1963 constitutional amendment establishing the Republic of Uganda, the president replaced the monarch as ceremonial head of state. The president and vice-president were elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term from among the traditional rulers and constitutional heads of districts.

In 1966, the powers of the president were increased, with the establishment of the executive presidency, but the same rules applied concerning the vacancy of the president. It also applied to the 1967 and 1995 constitutions.

Status

Second Republic (1971–1979)

General (later field marshal) Idi Amin led a coup d'état that overthrew President Obote and his government and installed himself as president.

Third Republic (1979–1985)

Military rule (1985–1986)
General Bazilio Olara-Okello led a coup d'état that overthrew President Obote and his government. Following the coup, Okello proclaimed himself president.

Fourth Republic (1986–present)
Under the Constitution of Uganda, the president is the executive head of state. The president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. In the event of a vacancy, the vice president serves as acting president.

Status

Timeline

References

External links
 World Statesmen – Uganda
 Rulers.org – Uganda

Government of Uganda
H


text:
Colonel John Maurice Arthur Tillett (4 November 1919 – 14 December 2014) was a British Army officer who had a critical role in the planning of the capture of the Caen canal and Orne river bridges on D-Day, 6 June 1944, during the Second World War. He was one of the last surviving British Army officers to have served with the 6th Airborne Division in Operation Mallard, on 6 June 1944, and in Operation Varsity, on 24 March 1945. He later commanded the Ugandan Army.

Early life and Second World War
John Tillett was born in Ipswich, Suffolk, on 4 November 1919, just under a year after the end of the First World War. His father, Major A. R. Tillett, served with the Suffolk Hussars. He was educated at Ipswich School and went to Germany on a school hockey tour in 1936, where he encountered the Hitler Youth organisation, which made him an honorary member. In Germany, he saw army manoeuvres in the Harz mountains which convinced him that war was approaching and he enlisted in the 4th/5th Battalion, Suffolk Regiment, a Territorial Army (TA) unit serving as part of the 54th (East Anglian) Infantry Division, in 1937.

However, Tillett was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (Ox and Bucks) on 24 August 1940, eleven months after the Second World War began, and was given the service number of 145422. He was posted to the 2nd Battalion, Ox and Bucks (also known as the 52nd), which had recently returned from India. The battalion formed part of the 31st Independent Brigade Group, which in December 1941 was converted into the 1st Airlanding Brigade. The brigade, comprising the 1st Battalions of the Royal Ulster Rifles and the Border Regiment and the 2nd Battalions of the South Staffordshire Regiment and Ox and Bucks, commanded by Brigadier George Hopkinson, was now part of the 1st Airborne Division, commanded by Major General Frederick Browning. The battalion was now part of the British Army's expanding airborne forces and underwent training as a glider infantry unit. Transferring from the 1st Airlanding Brigade, alongside the 1st Ulster Rifles, to help form the newly created 6th Airlanding Brigade, under Brigadier Hugh Kindersley, which itself was one of three brigades of Major General Richard Gale's 6th Airborne Division, the battalion spent many months in training for the eventual Allied invasion of Normandy, in which it would play a leading role.

Normandy
He became adjutant of the 2nd Ox and Bucks early in 1944 and was closely involved in the planning of the coup de main operation, led by Major John Howard, Officer Commanding (OC) of the battalion's D Company to capture two vital bridges: Pegasus Bridge and Horsa Bridge in the opening minutes of D-Day. On 6 June 1944, Tillett's glider, piloted by glider pilots from the Glider Pilot Regiment, landed near Ranville, Normandy, at approximately 21.00hrs, along with the rest of the battalion, as part of Operation Mallard. After holding the line on the Breville ridge and sustaining many casualties, Tillett and the 2nd Ox and Bucks in August 1944 took part in the British break-out and advance to the Seine (see 6th Airborne Division advance to the River Seine), known as Operation Paddle. The battalion, along with the rest of the 6th Airborne Division, returned to Bulford Camp, Wiltshire, in early September 1944, after three months of nearly continuous action.

Operation Varsity
In November 1944, Major Howard received serious injuries following a road traffic accident and Tillett, promoted to major, replaced him as OC of D Company. He was to lead the company in the Ardennes: the Battle of the Bulge, holding the line in the Netherlands and in Operation Varsity: the air assault landing over the River Rhine on 24 March 1945. Operation Varsity was the last major battle on the Western Front during the Second World War. The gliders carrying the 2nd Ox and Bucks, including the glider carrying Tillett and D Company HQ, landed in daylight, north of Hamminkeln, east of the River Rhine, on the north-east perimeter of the 6th Airborne Division's landing zone. The Germans met the landing gliders with ferocious fire in the air and on the ground; the 2nd Ox and Bucks lost 400 killed or injured out of a total battalion strength of 800 men. Tillett's company was reduced to 3 officers and 58 men. In the battle of the landing area his company captured and held all its objectives. He continued to lead his company in the advance across Germany to the Baltic sea. During the advance, in woods, near Lüneburg, Tillett and his company discovered the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. They were ordered to continue to pursue the enemy rather than investigate further; the Camp Guards having by this stage fled. At the end of the war Tillett was present at Wismar for the meeting between Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery, commanding the Anglo-Canadian 21st Army Group, and his Russian counterpart Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky, for which the 2nd Ox and Bucks provided the Guard of Honour. Tillett was mentioned in despatches for his wartime service.

Post-war
In September 1945, he was posted to Palestine with the 2nd Ox and Bucks and the rest of the 6th Airborne Division (see 6th Airborne Division in Palestine) during the Palestine Emergency. He returned to England and attended the Staff College, Camberley, in 1949. Tillett served with the 1st Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, 43rd and 52nd, from 1953 at Osnabrück, West Germany. In 1955 he became an instructor in the Nuclear Weapons Tactical Wing of the School of Infantry, Warminster, Wiltshire. He witnessed the British atomic weapons tests which took place at Maralinga in South Australia; the effects of which were to subsequently cause him health problems. In 1959 Tillett became second-in-command of the 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) based at Knook Camp, near Warminster. He was later posted to Uganda and became Commanding Officer of the 1st Ugandan Rifles, formerly the 4th King's African Rifles, based in Ginja, Uganda. One of his junior officers in the battalion was Idi Amin who was later to succeed Tillett in command of the battalion. Tillett, in the rank of local Brigadier, subsequently commanded the whole of the Ugandan Army. He later served in Ottawa, Canada and at HQ Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE). He retired from the Army in 1969 and served as a Retired Officer mainly involved in officer recruitment for the Royal Green Jackets.

Later life
Tillett became curator of the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry Museum at Slade Park Barracks, Oxford and had a key role in the development of the new Royal Green Jackets (Rifles) Museum in Winchester, Hampshire. He wrote a brief history of the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry from the regiment's origins in 1741 and 1755 to the Royal Green Jackets up to 1992. He was the last-known surviving 2nd Ox and Bucks (the 52nd) officer to have taken part in the gliderborne air assault landing on Normandy, on D-Day, 6 June 1944. Tillett organised and regularly attended the regimental commemorations of the anniversaries of the battle for Normandy at Bénouville and of the River Rhine Crossing at Hamminkeln, Germany. He was the administrator of the Darell-Brown Memorial Trust. He lived in Micheldever, Hampshire.

He married Joan Lawson in 1943 with whom he was to have two sons and a daughter.

Colonel John Tillett died on 14 December 2014, aged ninety-five.

References
Obituary. The Daily Telegraph. 27 January 2015.

Obituary. The Independent. 5 February 2015.

Obituary. The Times. 27 March 2015.

Allen, Peter (1980). One More River: The Rhine Crossings of 1945. J.M. Dent .

Ambrose, Stephen (1985). Pegasus Bridge 6 June 1944. Simon & Schuster .

Booth, Philip (1971). Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (The 43rd/52nd Regiment of Foot). Famous Regiments Series Leo Cooper .

Harclerode, Peter (2000). Go To It! An Illustrated History of 6 Airborne Division. Caxton Editions .

Hastings, Max (2004). Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, 1944–45 .

Howard, John; Bates, Penny (2006). The Pegasus Diaries: The Private Papers of Major John Howard DSO. Pen and Sword Military .

Massy-Beresford, Michael (2007). Gliderborne: The story of the 2nd Battalion, The Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (The 52nd) in World War 11.

Tillett, JMA (1993). An Outline History of the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry 1741 – 1992.

Wright, Stephen L (2008). The Last Drop: Operation Varsity 24–25 March 1945. Stackpole Books .

The Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry War Chronicle Vol 1V 1944/45. Gale & Polden. 1954.

References

1919 births
2014 deaths
British Army personnel of World War II
British military personnel of the Palestine Emergency
British colonial army officers
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry officers
People educated at Ipswich School
Military personnel from Ipswich
Royal Green Jackets officers
Suffolk Regiment soldiers


text:
Terme (Grieks: Thèrmae, Θέρμαι) is een kleine stad in de provincie Samsun met een zeer lange geschiedenis. Volgens Diodoros van Sicilië werd de stad gesticht in de 12e eeuw voor Christus door de Amazonen, onder de naam Themiscyra. De Amazonen waren volgens de Griekse historici uit de oudheid een vrouwelijk krijgersvolk dat in dit gebied langs de rivier de Terme (in de oudheid Thermodon) leefde. Deze rivier stroomt ook vandaag de dag nog door de stad. Tegenwoordig is het een rustig stadje, dicht bij de kust en langs de snelweg van Samsun naar Ünye. De stad en haar achterland zijn voor de inkomsten voornamelijk afhankelijk van landbouwproducten zoals hazelnoten en tabak.

Vroege beschrijvingen van de stad zijn onder andere gegeven door Scylax van Caryanda en Pausanias. In de Derde Mithridatische Oorlog viel de stad in Romeinse handen. Volgens Appianus vochten de inwoners van de stad moedig tegen het leger van Lucius Licinius Lucullus, onder andere door hun bijen en beren op hen af te sturen. De stad viel in de 12e eeuw onder Seltsjoeks bestuur, maar het grootste deel van de inwoners bleef Griekstalig. Wel ging een deel van de bevolking over op de islam, en kwamen er veel Cepni-Turken in het gebied wonen. Na de Turkse onafhankelijkheidsoorlog werden de christelijke bewoners van het district (zo'n 20% van de bevolking) met Griekenland uitgewisseld tegen moslims.

Bezienswaardigheden
Het centrum van Terme kent geen bezienswaardigheden, maar de directe omgeving wel:
 Aan de kust bij Terme ligt een klein archeologisch themapark waar een dorp is nagebouwd uit de tijd dat de Amazones in de regio geleefd zouden hebben. Tevens is er eind juli jaarlijks festival rond het thema.
 De Simenit- en Akgöl-meren, een natuurgebied met wetlands waar vele vogelsoorten bekeken kunnen worden.
 Restanten van antieke badhuizen en aquaducten bij het dorpje Sarayköy.
 De 19e-eeuwse Zondagmoskee.

Gemeente in Turkije
Samsun


text:
Champ Creek is a  long 1st order tributary to the Ararat River in Surry County, North Carolina.  This stream is the only one of its name in the United States.

Course
Champ Creek rises in a pond on the Faulkner Creek divide about 2 miles east of Mount Airy, North Carolina.  Champ Creek then flows southwest to join the Ararat River about 0.5 miles northeast of Mount Airy.

Watershed
Champ Creek drains  of area, receives about 47.8 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 337.25, and is about 51% forested.

See also
List of rivers of North Carolina

References

Rivers of North Carolina
Rivers of Surry County, North Carolina


text:
Heteractis  é um género de cnidários pertencentes à ordem Actiniaria, família Stichodactylidae.

Espécies
Heteractis aurora Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
Heteractis crispa Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1834
Heteractis magnifica Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
Heteractis malu Haddon & Shackleton, 1893

Referências

Heteractis


text:
Zbigniew Szczepkowski (4 May 1952 – 4 February 2019) was a Polish cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit event at the 1976 Summer Olympics.

He was buried in Nowogard in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship.

References

External links

1952 births
2019 deaths
Polish male cyclists
Olympic cyclists of Poland
Cyclists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
People from Nowogard
Sportspeople from West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Presidential Cycling Tour of Turkey winners


text:
Neotaranomis atropurpurea is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chemsak & Noguera in 2001.

References

Trachyderini
Beetles described in 2001


text:
Хайна́нь (Цюнчжо́у) ( — Цюньчжоухайся) — пролив, отделяющий лежащий с севера полуостров Лэйчжоу (провинция Гуандун, Китай) от острова Хайнань к югу. Пролив соединяет залив Бакбо (с запада) с Южно-Китайским морем.

Наименьшая ширина пролива составляет 18,5 км, длина — 93 км, глубина на фарватере 36—108 м. Скорость приливных течений доходит до 6 км/ч.

В южной части пролива на острове Хайнань расположен город-порт Хайкоу.

В 2003 году через пролив было запущено регулярное паромное сообщение. При скорости парома до 15 узлов на пересечение пролива уходит 40 минут. В планах у китайского правительства — соединить остров с материком с помощью тоннеля под проливом.

Примечания

Гуандун
Хайнань
Южно-Китайское море
Проливы Тихого океана
Проливы Китая


text:
Боа Жером Сент Уан () насеље је и општина у северној Француској у региону Горња Нормандија, у департману Ер која припада префектури -{Andelys}-.

По подацима из 2011. године у општини је живело 752 становника, а густина насељености је износила 71,55 становника/-{km²}-. Општина се простире на површини од 10,51 -{km²}-. Налази се на средњој надморској висини од 143 метара (максималној 154 -{m}-, а минималној 90 -{m}-).

Демографија

График промене броја становника у току последњих година

Види још
 Списак општина у департману Ер

Референце

Спољашње везе
 База података: -{Insee}-
 Bois-Jérôme-Saint-Ouen на страници Националног географског института Француске
 Bois-Jérôme-Saint-Ouen на страници организације -{INSEE}-

 Најближа насеља (километража, правац и координате)
 План насеља Bois-Jérôme-Saint-Ouen на мапи (-{Mapquest}-)

Департман Ер у Француској
Википројект географија/Насеља у Француској


text:
The Plens is a 5 hectare nature reserve in Desborough in Northamptonshire. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.

Former use as a quarry and a railway line have created steep slopes and varied habitats, with grassland, hawthorn scrub, woodland and herbs. Flowers include wild basil, bladder campion, moschatel and bird's-foot-trefoil. There is a diverse range of invertebrates, particularly butterflies.

There is access from Ironwood Avenue.

References

Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire reserves
Desborough


text:
El Tractat de Guadalupe-Hidalgo fou un tractat de pau que incloïa les clàusules imposades pels Estats Units al govern interí de Mèxic, que es trobava sota l'ocupació militar estatunidenca, en acabar la guerra entre els dos països, també coneguda com la "Intervenció Nord-americana a Mèxic", de 1846 a 1848.

Segons les estipulacions del tractat, com a condició de pau, Mèxic era obligat a cedir 1,36 milions de quilòmetres quadrats, o el 55% del seu territori original (sense incloure-hi Texas, que se n'havia separat el 1836 i que els Estats Units havien annexat el 1845), a canvi d'una compensació de 15 milions de dòlars. Els territoris cedits foren el territori de l'Alta Califòrnia i el territori de Nou Mèxic, a més de les àrees abans disputades entre Texas i Mèxic, que en total corresponen als estats actuals de Califòrnia, Nou Mèxic, Arizona, Nevada i seccions de Colorado, Utah i Wyoming.

El tractat assegurava els drets de propietat dels ciutadans mexicans dels territoris transferits, els quals, tanmateix, no foren respectats posteriorment pel govern nord-americà. Els Estats Units també acordaven absorbir el deute de 3,25 milions de dòlars que suposadament devia Mèxic als ciutadans americans que vivien dins el seu territori. El tractat fou signat al barri de Guadalupe-Hidalgo de la ciutat de Mèxic el 2 de febrer de 1848.

Referències

Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Història de Mèxic
Història de Texas


text:
Лановецкий городской совет () — входит в состав
Лановецкого района
Тернопольской области
Украины.

Административный центр городского совета находится в
г. Лановцы.

Населённые пункты совета

 г. Лановцы
 с. Волица
 с. Малые Кусковцы
 с. Оришковцы

Примечания

Городские советы Тернопольской области


text:
Crimen è un film del 1960 diretto da Mario Camerini, contraddistinto da un cast di stelle: Alberto Sordi, Vittorio Gassman, Nino Manfredi, Dorian Gray, Franca Valeri, Silvana Mangano e Bernard Blier. Il film è ispirato ad un fatto di cronaca realmente accaduto nel 1907.

Trama
Cinque persone, tutte accomunate dal fatto di essere su un treno diretto a Montecarlo, si ritroveranno ad essere coinvolte nell'omicidio di un'anziana milionaria di origine olandese. Gli sposi Remo e Marina, parrucchieri, sono attratti dal miraggio della fortuna nel gioco d'azzardo, con la quale contano di avviare un'attività in proprio; il commendatore Alberto Franzetti, dopo un fallito tentativo di "disintossicarsi" dal demone del gioco da Padre Pio da Pietrelcina, è di ritorno a Monaco, dove lo aspetta la moglie; la coppia di borgatari Quirino e Giovanna è impegnata nel riportare un cane alla milionaria olandese sua proprietaria per la lucrosa ricompensa.

I sei protagonisti, per differenti ragioni, vengono coinvolti nelle indagini sull'assassino della vecchia milionaria che aveva perduto il cane e, tutti diffidenti nei confronti delle forze dell'ordine, mettono in atto dei goffi tentativi di dimostrare la loro estraneità al fatto, finendo però solo col compromettere sempre più la loro posizione; ma grazie alle ricerche del commissario di polizia verranno prosciolti, mentre i veri colpevoli (che si erano ingegnosamente muniti di alibi) saranno smascherati.

Quando poi, nel viaggio di ritorno in treno, ci sarà un ennesimo delitto nei confronti di uno sconosciuto, i nostri protagonisti, forti dell'esperienza subita e convinti che bisogna sempre essere dalla parte della legge, si proporranno come testimoni dei fatti. Il finale del film, come beffa, mostrerà il titolo di un giornale nel quale viene resa notizia che i sei testimoni sono caduti in diverse contraddizioni nel fornire le loro versioni, per cui apparirà scritto: "Sono gli assassini?".

Remake
Il film ha avuto due remake: uno italiano, ambientato a Venezia, nel 1971, diretto dallo stesso Camerini ed interpretato da Gastone Moschin, Enrico Montesano, Alighiero Noschese e Gianrico Tedeschi, intitolato Io non vedo, tu non parli, lui non sente ed un altro statunitense, nuovamente ambientato a Montecarlo, nel 1992, diretto dall'attore Eugene Levy ed interpretato da John Candy, James Belushi, Cybill Shepherd, Ornella Muti e Giancarlo Giannini con il titolo di Sette criminali e un bassotto (Once Upon a Crime).

Voci correlate
Cinema giallo
Commedia all'italiana

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Film commedia all'italiana
Film gialli
Film diretti da Mario Camerini
Film ambientati nel Principato di Monaco
Film sul gioco d'azzardo
Film sceneggiati da Luciano Vincenzoni


text:
The Old Street drill hall is a former military installation in Ashton-under-Lyne, Greater Manchester, England.

History
The building was designed as the headquarters of the 7th Lancashire Rifle Volunteer Corps and completed in 1887. This unit evolved to become the 3rd Volunteer Battalion, The Manchester Regiment  in 1888 and the 9th Battalion, The Manchester Regiment in 1908. The battalion was mobilised at the drill hall in August 1914 before being deployed to Gallipoli and, ultimately, to the Western Front. Follow the cut-backs in 1967, the presence at the drill hall was reduced to a single company, C (Manchester) Company, 2nd Battalion, Lancastrian Volunteers in 1971; this unit evolved to become C Company, 4th (Volunteer) Battalion, The Queen's Lancashire Regiment in 1975 and C Company, 5th Battalion, The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers in 1986. The Ministry of Defence made the decision to dispose of the building in 2013.

References

Buildings and structures in Ashton-under-Lyne
Drill halls in England
Manchester Regiment


text:
El Wijaya FC es un equipo de fútbol de Brunéi Darussalam que juega en la Brunei Super League, la primera división de fútbol en el país.

Historia
Fue fundado en el año 2000 en la capital Bandar Seri Begawan y es uno de los equipos fundadores de la Brunei Super League en 2012.

El club fue campeón de la anterior liga (Liga B) en la temporada de 2003. así como un torneo de copa y una supercopa.

Palmarés
 Brunei Premier League: 1
 2003

 Copa FA de Brunéi: 1
 2002

 Super Copa de Brunéi: 1
 2003

Jugadores

Equipo 2016

Referencias

Enlaces externos
soccerway.com
Lista de Copas
Lista de Campeones

Equipos de fútbol de Brunéi Darussalam
Equipos de fútbol fundados en 2000


text:
Vijfhuizen (Fries: Fiifhuzen) is een buurtschap in de gemeente Noardeast-Fryslân, in de Nederlandse provincie Friesland. Vijfhuizen ligt ten tussen Hallum en Oudebiltzijl. De buurtschap ligt aan de Vijfhuisterdijk en valt qua adressering onder Hallum.

De Roodschuursterlaan verbinden de buurtschap met de buurtschap Hallumerhoek.

Geschiedenis
De buurtschap werd in 1519 vermeld als Vijfhus. In de 18e eeuw als Vyfhuysen en vanaf de 19e eeuw als Vijfhuizen.

Geografie van Noardeast-Fryslân
Buurtschap in Friesland


text:
Vitrea striata is een slakkensoort uit de familie van de Pristilomatidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1988 door Norris, Paul & Riedel.

Pristilomatidae


text:
Un chapska, aussi orthographié  shapska ou schapska est une coiffe militaire à visière à la forme d'un cône aux côtés concaves et se terminant par un « plateau » carré. Elle est empruntée aux Polonais et portée par les lanciers et les uhlans européens à partir du Premier Empire.

Le chapska d'origine polonaise est différent de la chapka russe.

Forme et orthographe

Chapska est la forme aujourd'hui consacrée par l'usage et les dictionnaires de référence. Les textes du  avaient tendance à utiliser également, en concurrence avec les formes mentionnées plus haut, Czapka, qui a le sens de casquette ou bonnet en polonais. Le Journal militaire de 1858 aurait utilisé la forme Czapaka, qui ne signifie cependant rien en polonais. Le Dictionnaire polyglotte de termes techniques militaires et de marine de 1868 référence la forme Czapska.

En France, le terme « polacre » est popularisé en 1808 avec la création de la Légion de la Vistule, dont certaines unités, comme le régiment de lanciers, portent la coiffe polonaise.

Voir aussi
 Liste de couvre-chefs

Notes et références

Bibliographie

 .

Liens externes
 L'uniforme du chevau-léger polonais du  Empire

Chapeau
Histoire du costume
Uniforme militaire
Glossaire militaire
Coiffure militaire


text:
NGC 6221 é uma galáxia espiral barrada (SBc) localizada na direcção da constelação de Ara. Possui uma declinação de -59° 13' 06" e uma ascensão recta de 16 horas, 52 minutos e 46,1 segundos.

A galáxia NGC 6221 foi descoberta em 3 de Maio de 1835 por John Herschel.

Ver também
Astronomia extragaláctica
Lista de galáxias
Lista de objectos NGC
New General Catalogue

Ligações externas

NGC 6221
Constelação de Ara
Galáxias espirais barradas


text:
was a Japanese ethnologist and Japanologist.

Biography
He was born in Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture. He was a graduate of the University of Tokyo and Tohoku University. He served on the faculty of Meiji University, Kanagawa Dental University, Wayo Women's University, Tokyo Metropolitan University and Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.

He died on 15 December 1982 in Tokyo.

References

1898 births
1982 deaths
People from Matsumoto, Nagano
University of Tokyo alumni
Tohoku University alumni
Academic staff of Meiji University
Academic staff of Kanagawa Dental University
Academic staff of Wayo Women's University
Academic staff of Tokyo Metropolitan University
Academic staff of Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
Ethnologists
Japanologists


text:
Военные операции в Ладакхе 1948 года — совокупное название боевых действий в Ладакхе в 1948 году во время Кашмирской войны между ВС Индии и Пакистанскими ополчениями вошедшими в княжество Джамму и Кашмир. Война стала большим достижением для молодой Индийской республики, поскольку большая часть Кашмира была отбита у Пакистана, хотя индусы начинали войну с худшими условиями.

Помощь Леху

Пакистанские боевики осадили Скарду в начале 1948. Это было жизненно-важно для Леха, поскольку после Скарду следующей целью был Лех. Мадж Притхи Чанд, офицер из Лахаула с отрядом из 40 добровольцев из 2-го батальона, Догрского полка (набраны из Догра), начал опасное восхождение на заваленный снегом Зоджи Ла 16 февраля 1948, с собой они несли винтовки и амуницию для гарнизона. Они достигли Леха 8 марта, где начало формироваться ополчение, оружие добавило ополченцам сил. Теперь у Леха были силы самообороны.

Укрепление Леха
Пока пакистанцы медленно продвигались к Леху, в город по воздуху перебросили из Коя 2-й батальон, 4 горхского стрелкового (2/4 GR) и потом 2-й батальон, 8го гуркхского стрелкового (2/8 GR), они подоспели как раз — пакистанцы уже подходили к городу. Пакистанцы быстро поняли свою ошибку. Несмотря на нехватку вооружения и личного состава, Лахский гарнизон был готов к обороне. В августе по воздуху привезли ещё несколько отрядов 2/8 GR, так называемая колонна Арджун, пробилась в Лех, через Манали, привезя на мулах достаточно винтовок. Другая колонна, Чапати в сентябре привезла припасы на зиму. Лт. Кол ХС Параб, командир 2/8 GR, прибыл в Лех 23 августа и был назначен командиром Лехской Бригады (на самом деле войск в Лехе не хватало для бригады). В сентябре-октябре на берегах Инда были стычки и пакистанцы были устрашены быстрыми вылазками лехских войск.

Захват Зоджи Ла

Когда в мае 1948 Зоджи Ла был захвачен пакистанцами, стало понятно, что для удержания Леха, индусы должны отбить его до зимы. Неудачную лобовую атаку предприняла 77 парашютная бригада под командованием бриг. Хиралал Атала для взятия Зоджи Ла. Операция «Дак» (утка) — рабочее название для операции по освобождению перевала было позже сменено на «Бизон». Операция была поручена Генерал-лейтенанту Кериаппе, командующему Западной армией. Лёгкие танки «Стюарт» из 7 кавалейрийского были в разобраном виде перевезены через Сринагар в Балтал, где сверх-человеческими усилиями двух соединений мадраских сапёров работавших днём и ночью для расширения «ослиной тропы» от Балтала на Зоджи Ла. Внезапная атака 1 ноября с применением техники, была проведена командиром дивизии Тхимайя который на танке повёл за собой войска, при поддержке двух расчётов 25-фунтовок и расчёта 3,7-дюймовых горных гаубиц, враг был растерян. Вскоре перевал был отбит индусами и пакистанцы отступили к Матаяну.

Освобождение Леха и Каргила
Пока пакистанцы сражались на Зоджи Ла и были неакитивны у Леха, лехская бригада перешла в наступление и продвинулась от Тхару к Маролу на северный берег Инда и от Чиллинга к Ламаюру и к Каргилу на южном берегу. Другой отряд продвигался вдоль Шайок очисти в и прикрыв Нубру с фланга.

На Зоджи Ла, 77 парашютная бригада начала преднамеренную атаку на Матаян 13 ноября и Драс 15 ноября. Бригада соединилась 24 ноября у Каргила с индийскими войсками из Леха, враг отступил на север к Скарду. Преследующие индусы были остановлены упорным сопротивлением пакистанцев у Чатхатанга, в 5 км после марольской вилки Инда. Сильная оборона врага на обоих берегах Инда, сохранила позиции пакистанцев до 1го января 1949, когда было провозглашено перемирие.

Примечания

Военная история Индии
История Ладакха
1948 год в Индии
История Джамму и Кашмира


text:
Tordera – gmina w Hiszpanii, w prowincji Barcelona, w Katalonii, o powierzchni 84,6 km². W 2011 roku gmina liczyła 16 318 mieszkańców. Położona 64 km od Barcelony i 36 km od Girony na skraju parku przyrody Montnegre.

Przypisy

Gminy w Katalonii


text:
Magnus Saški, saški vojvoda, * okrog 1045, † 23. avgust 1106, grad Ertheneburg nad Labo pri Schnakenbeku.

Magnus Saški je bil zadnji plemenski saški vojvoda iz plemiške rodbine Billungov
.

Billungi

Billungi so bili po vsej verjetnosti vodilni saški plemiči že v času Karla Velikega. Zanesljivo so izpričani, odkar je nemški cesar Oton I. leta 936 določil Hermana Billunga (†973) za vojaškega poveljnika (princeps militiae) pohoda proti Slovanom. Leta 953 je bil Herman imenovan za mejnega grofa. Odtlej je na Saškem velikokrat nadomeščal cesarja (ki se je zadrževal v Italiji) in v virih se pogosto omenja kot vojvoda (dux). Billungi so bili saški vojvode še naslednje štiri generacije, očetom so sledili sinovi: Bernhard I. (†1011), Bernhard II. (†1059), Ordulf (†1072) in Magnus (†1106).

Mladost

Magnus je bil najstarejši sin saškega vojvode Ordulfa in njegove žene Vulfilde, hčerke norveškega kralja Olafa II. Haraldssona, Svetega. Od leta 1070/71 je bil poročen z Zofijo Ogrsko (†1095), hčerko ogrskega kralja Bele I.  in Tute Formbaške ter vdovo po Urliku I., mejnem grofu na Kranjskem in v Istri.
Magnusova mladost pada v čas zaostrovanja odnosov med billunškimi vojvodami in bremensko nadškofijo, še zlasti potem, ko je bil leta 1043 za nadškofa v Bremnu imenovan vplivni Adalbert. Ob podpori cesarja Henrika III. si je začel prilaščati tudi posvetno oblast na severu cesarstva. Odkar je nadškof ob obisku Henrika III. v Bremnu obtožil Ordulfovega strica Tietmarja, da je naklepal uboj cesarja, kar je pripeljalo do smrti Tietmatja (3. oktobra 1048) in njegovega enako imenovanega sina, se je političnemu nasprotovanju pridružilo še divje osebno sovraštvo Billungov do nadškofa. Cerkev je izobčila Magnusovega očeta Ordulfa.

V času očetovega  vladanja

Prva omemba Magnusa v virih, še v času vladanja očeta Ordulfa, ga prikazuje kot odločnega nadškofovega nasprotnika. Nadškof Albert je bil tedaj tudi vzgojitelj mladega kralja Henrika IV. in njegov politični svetovalec. Ko pa je zaradi svojega ošabnega vedenja in pohlepa na zahtevo državnih knezov moral zapustiti ta položaj, je ostal brez kraljeve zaščite, kar so Billungi izkoristili. Med tem ko sta oče in stric Herman (†1088) pustošila cerkvene posesti, se je Magnus utaboril pred mestom, da bi mesto in nadškofa v njem dobil v svojo pest. A je nadškofu uspelo iz mesta pobegniti in najti zatočišče v Lochtumu na svojem hildesheimskem posestvu. Billungi so Bremen zavzeli in oplenili Adalbertov bremenski dvor. Pol leta kasneje si je Adalbert kupil povratek v svojo nadškofijo; zanj je moral Magnusu odstopiti tretjino cerkvenih posesti. S temi posestmi je dobil Magnus, ob očetu in stricu, samostojno materialno osnovo za boj proti nadškofu. Spoprijateljil se je z Otonom Northeimskim, vodjo saške opozicije proti kralju.

Kralj Henrik IV. je leta 1067 nadškofa Adalberta poklical nazaj na dvor in mu ponovno zaupal vodenje državnih poslov.

Leta 1070 so Otona Northeimskega obdolžili, da naklepa uboj kralja Henrika IV. Ta je Otona izobčil iz pravnega reda, mu odvzel premoženje in vojvodino Bavarsko (vojvodino Bavarsko je Otonu podelila kraljica-mati Agneza v času svojega regentsva). Posledice je občutil tudi Magnus, ki je nudil Otonu zavetje, potem ko so padli njegovi gradovi ob rekah Werra in Diemel. Na binkošti 1071 sta se morala v Halberstadtu, v prisotnosti Adalberta, skupaj na milost in nemilost podrediti kralju. Medtem ko je prišel Oton že naslednje leto na svobodo, je ostal Magnus v zaporu tudi še po smrti svojega očeta (28. marec 1071), ker se ni hotel odreči nasledstvu v vojvodini Saški. V tem času je kralj z naskokom zavzel Lüneburg, glavno trdnjavo Billungov.

Dejstvo, da kralj zadržuje v zaporu moža, ki bi po saškem pravu moral prevzeti vodenje vojvodine, so saški plemiči občutili kot žalitev plemena. Zgrabili so za orožje in z obleganjem gradu Harzburg, kjer se je zadrževal kralj, ter ponovnim zavzetjem Lüneburga  izsilili zamenjavo svojega vojvode za Henrikove švabske viteze, ki so jih ujeli ob zavzetju Lüneburga. Magnus se je vrnil v domovino in bil še naprej eden najdejavnejših in najodločnejših nasprotnikov kralja.

Saški vojvoda

8. junija 1075 se je Magnus bojeval proti kralju v bitki pri Hohenburgu ob reki Unstrut; bitko so Sasi izgubili. Skupaj z ostalimi voditelji vstaje se je moral Magnus 4. oktobra pri Hohen-Ebri ponovno predati kralju. Henrik je ujete kneze pozaprl v različnih krajih kraljestva.

Vendar se dogodki  niso razvijali po Henrikovih željah. Nemški knezi so 15. marca 1077 izvolili za protikralja Rudolfa Švabskega in Henrik je bil prisiljen popuščati. Izpustil je tiste saške kneze, ki dotlej še niso zbežali; med zadnjimi je bil Magnus, potem ko je končno obljubil, da bo vplival na uporne plemiče s prigovarjanjem, da odložijo orožje.

Vendar Magnus ni držal obljube. Ponovno je stopil na stran upornikov. 7. avgusta 1078 se je ob protikralju boril v bitki pri Melrichstadtu ob reki Streu. Stric Herman je tedaj prišel v ujetništvo. Magnusa, ki se je bojeval v krilu vojske, ki je bilo odrezano od glavnine, so zajeli turinški kmetje in oropali; le s težavo si je rešil življenje.

Izgleda, da je ta neuspeh Billunge odvrnil od nadaljnjega nasprotovanja kralju. Postavili so se sprva na nevtralno, kmalu pa na kralju naklonjeno stališče. Kolikor vemo, se niti Magnus niti Heraman nista več udeleževala kasnejših nemirov, ki jih je med Sasi vzbujalo samoljubje Ekberta von Braunschweiga, in so še dolgo vznemirjali deželo.

Leta 1087 najdemo Magnusa na cesarjevem dvoru v Aachnu. Cesarska pisarna ga je tedaj naslavljala z »vojvoda Sasov«, kar je lahko zanesljiv dokaz, da so se politični odnosi med njim in cesarjem normalizirali in da mu je bil položaj saškega vojvode državnopravno priznan. Še dvakrat, 1101 in 1103, je omenjen v cesarjevi bližini.

Potem ko se je pobotal s kraljem, je Magnus svoja prizadevanja usmeril na severovzhod, kjer so se že podjarmljeni in pokristjanjeni Slovani (Obodriti) v času nemirov na Saškem vrnili k poganstvu. V bremenski nadškofiji je nadškofa Alberta nasledil nadškof Liemar in z njim je Magnus takoj vzpostavil miroljuben odnos. Podprl je krščanskega slovanskega kneza Henrika (svojega daljnega sorodnika), ki je, potem ko je bil v slovanskem uporu leta 1066 ubit njegov oče Gottschalk, ponovno vzpostavil svojo oblast in postal Magnusov vazal. Ko so se slovanska plemena Henriku uprla, mu je Magnus v bitki pri Schmilauu na Polabskem (1093) s svojo vojsko priskočil na pomoč.

Magnus ni imel sina. Na položaju saškega vojvode ga je po volji nemškega kralja Henrika V. zamenjal saški plemič Lotar Supplinburški, kasnejši nemški kralj in cesar.

Družina

Magnus in Zofija Ogrska (†1095) sta imela dve hčeri:
Vulfilda (†1126) ∞ Henrik Črni, bavarski vojvoda iz rodbine Welfov
Eilika (†1142) ∞ grof Oton Bogati von Ballenstedt (†1123), rodovni oče Askanijcev.

Sklici in opombe

Viri

 Fenske, Lutz: Magnus. Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB), 15. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-00196-6, str. 666.
 Heinemann, Otto von: Magnus Billung. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB), 20. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, str. 69–72.
 Goetz, Hans-Werner: Das Herzogtum der Billunger – Ein sächsischer Sonderweg? . Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte, zv. 66, 1994, ISSN 0078-0561, str. 167–197.

Billungi
Saški vojvode


text:
Rhodri Davies (born 14 October 1991) is a Welsh rugby union player who plays for the Dragons as a scrum-half. He was a Wales sevens international.

Davies joined the Dragons in 2018 having previously played for the Scarlets academy, Scarlets and Rotherham Titans while also enjoying a spell on loan at Cardiff Blues.

References

External links
Dragons profile
itsrugby.co.uk profile

1991 births
Living people
Dragons RFC players
Rugby union players from Crymych
Welsh rugby union players
Rugby union scrum-halves


text:
Emil Larsen (ur. 22 czerwca 1991 w Kopenhadze) – duński piłkarz występujący na pozycji pomocnika.

Kariera klubowa
Larsen profesjonalną karierę piłkarską rozpoczął w klubie Lyngby Boldklub. Latem 2012 roku został graczem Odense BK, z którym podpisał czteroletni kontrakt. W 2016 przeszedł do Columbus Crew.

Kariera reprezentacyjna
W reprezentacji Danii zadebiutował 14 listopada 2012 roku w towarzyskim meczu przeciwko Turcji. Na boisku pojawił się w 46 minucie meczu.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Reprezentanci Danii w piłce nożnej
Piłkarze Lyngby BK
Piłkarze Odense Boldklub
Piłkarze Columbus Crew
Urodzeni w 1991
Ludzie urodzeni w Kopenhadze
Piłkarze nożni na Letnich Igrzyskach Olimpijskich 2016
Duńscy olimpijczycy


text:
The Battle of Ichirai (市来鶴丸城の戦い) was fought in 1539 between two rival factions of the Shimazu clan.

Shimazu Katsuhisa, who presided over the Shimazu family, did not have a son and he was driven out by Shimazu Sanehisa, who was the head of another branch, the Sasshū (薩州家). Sanehisa then laid claim to be the head of the clan without being properly recognized by the rest of the families. Katsuhisa asked Shimazu Tadayoshi for help to regain his position, and Tadayoshi sent his son Shimazu Takahisa to be adopted by Katsuhisa as a condition for his help.

Takahisa took over the position of head of the family from Katsuhisa in 1526. The recognition of Takahisa as the clan head did not occur until 1539, at the Battle of Ichirai, when Tadayoshi defeated Katsuhisa (who would later regain power).

Ichirai
1539 in Japan
Shimazu clan
Conflicts in 1539


text:
Mesochra alaskana is een eenoogkreeftjessoort uit de familie van de Canthocamptidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1958 door Wilson M.S..

Canthocamptidae


text:
Myracrodruon is een geslacht uit de pruikenboomfamilie (Anacardiaceae). De soorten uit het geslacht komen voor van in Bolivia tot in Brazilië en Noord-Argentinië.

Soorten
 Myracrodruon balansae (Engl.) Santin
 Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão

Pruikenboomfamilie


text:
Aurelio Luigi Ramacciotti, known as Luis Ramacciotti (born 1886) was an Italian-Argentine sculptor.

Ramacciotti was born in Capannori, Tuscany. He emigrated to Argentina in 1915, where he lived till his death.

Work
Ramacciotti's best-known work is the statue of Christ in La Cumbre, Córdoba, Argentina. The work was inaugurated on July 9, 1954 and has a height of 9 meters. It was commissioned by the parish priest José Luis de Murueta and is located in the mountain range called the La Viarapa.

He is also the author of the figure of a maiden on the facade of the "Yesería la Helvética", in the city of Córdoba. The factory had been founded by Pedro Righetti in 1885. In the same city, in Parque Sarmiento next to the Coniferal, is located the Fuente de Neptuno, which is an allegory of the sea. Also in the park are the statues of lions that accompany the monument to failure Vicente Torró CIMO.

In the Basilica de la Merced in Córdoba, an image of the Virgen de la Merced, the work of the sculptor Luis Ramacciotti, was placed in front, between the two towers. The sculpture was installed in 1918.

References

1886 births
Year of death missing
Artists from the Province of Lucca
Argentine people of Italian descent
20th-century Italian sculptors
20th-century Italian male artists
Italian male sculptors
Argentine sculptors
Argentine male artists
Male sculptors
Catholic sculptors


text:
Torquigener gloerfelti és una espècie de peix de la família dels tetraodòntids i de l'ordre dels tetraodontiformes.

Hàbitat
És un peix marí, de clima tropical i demersal que viu entre 50-60 m de fondària.

Distribució geogràfica
Es troba a Indonèsia.

Observacions
És inofensiu per als humans.

Referències

Bibliografia

 Hardy, G. S., 1983: Revision of Australian species of Torquigener Whitley (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae), and two new generic names for Australian puffer fishes. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand v. 13 (núm. 1/2): 1-48.
 Hardy, G. S., 1983: The status of Torquigener hypselogeneion (Bleeker) (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) and some related species, including a new species from Hawaii. Pacific Science v. 37 (núm. 1): 65-74.
 Hardy, G. S., 1989: Description of a new species of Torquigener Whitley (Pisces: Tetraodontidae) from South Africa, with a key to the genus. National Museum of New Zealand Records v. 3 (núm. 11): 119-123.

 Nelson, J.S. 2006: Fishes of the world. Quarta edició. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, Nova Jersey, Estats Units. 601 p.

Enllaços externs
 AQUATAB

gloerfelti


text:
Manual para los fieles és el tercer àlbum d'estudi de la banda espanyola Los Piratas. Es va publicar l'any 1997 per la Warner Music Group i va comptar amb la producció de Juan Luis Giménez, membre de Presuntos Implicados, que ja havia treballat amb la banda en el treball anterior.

Aquest àlbum va representar un allunyament del rock convencional que havien desenvolupat fins al moment, i el primer contacte amb altre elements per fusionar com el folk i la música electrònica. Van comptar amb la col·laboració d'Antón Reixa, Anxo Pintos, Kepa Junkera, Miqui Puig o Soledad Giménez.

Dues de les cançons del disc, «M» i «Mi matadero clandestino», van ser incloses en bandes sonores de pel·lícules, la primera a Mensaka i la segona com a tema extra en l'edició espanyola de la banda sonora de Batman i Robin.

Llista de cançons

Crèdits

Los Piratas
 Paco Seren
 Pablo Álvarez
 Alfonso Román
 Javier Fernández (Hall 9000)
 Iván Ferreiro

Músics addicionals
 Antón Reixa
 Anxo Pintos
 Kepa Junkera
 Miqui Puig
 Soledad Giménez

Equip tècnic
 Producció: Juan Luis Giménez
 Disseny: Mariela Santalla
 Il·lustració: Sean Mackaoui
 Fotografia: José Luis Santalla

Referències

Discs de Los Piratas
Discs del 1997
Discs en castellà del segle XX


text:
Newell is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in northern Hancock County, West Virginia, United States, situated along the Ohio River. The population was 1,203 at the 2020 census. It is a part of the Weirton–Steubenville metropolitan area. Newell is home to the Fiesta Tableware Company and the Mountaineer Casino, Racetrack and Resort.

History

William Hamilton laid out Hamilton, a small town across the Ohio River from Wellsville, Ohio, south of the current site of Newell. Hugh Newell, the son of a pioneer from nearby New Manchester (then called Pughtown) became the owner of the site in the 1800s.

In 1891, an entrepreneurial group from Pittsburgh bought out the farms of John Newell and J. Bentley Newell, descendants of Hugh, as well as William McDonald, the Wells family,  and the Moore family, with the intentions of surverying the primarily flat banks for the development of a large industrial complex. The town of Newell was laid out by the North American Manufacturing Company in 1902 after they bought the tract from the United States Steel Corporation, who sat on the land in fear of establishing a steel mill after the Panic of 1893. In 1905, the Homer Laughlin China Company, located across the Ohio River in East Liverpool, Ohio, established what would be the largest pottery factory in the world at the time at a site in Newell, and the Newell Toll Bridge was constructed across the river to connect the towns. Throughout the rest of the decade, the town would grow quickly. A school was established in 1907. Other manufacturers, including potteries, tile producers, and refractories were established in the 1910s and 1920s.

Waterford Park and the William E. Wells House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
Newell is located at  (40.617544, -80.600856). The city of New Cumberland is located towards the south, the city of Chester is located eastward, and the city of East Liverpool, Ohio is north via the Newell Toll Bridge.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.9 square miles (2.4 km2), of which 0.8 square mile (1.9 km2)  is land and 0.2 square mile (0.5 km2)  (21.28%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,602 people, 645 households, and 437 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,142.0 people per square mile (824.7/km2). There were 709 housing units at an average density of 948.0 per square mile (365.0/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.63% White, 0.19% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.12% from other races, and 1.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.25% of the population.

There were 645 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $31,343, and the median income for a family was $35,069. Males had a median income of $29,145 versus $18,086 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,426. About 11.8% of families and 13.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.5% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Children in Newell are served by the Hancock County School District. The current schools serving Newell are:
 Allen T. Allison Elementary School – grades K-4
 Oak Glen Middle School – grades 5-8
 Oak Glen High School – grades 9-12

See also
 List of cities and towns along the Ohio River
 Homer Laughlin China Company

References

Census-designated places in Hancock County, West Virginia
West Virginia populated places on the Ohio River