text:
Gene Chandler (born Eugene Drake Dixon; July 6, 1937) is an American singer, songwriter, music producer, and record-label executive. Chandler is nicknamed "the Duke of Earl" or, simply, "the Duke." He is best known for his most successful songs, "Duke of Earl" and "Groovy Situation", and his association with the Dukays, the Impressions, and Curtis Mayfield.

Chandler is a Grammy Hall of Fame inductee and a recipient of the Rhythm and Blues Foundation's Pioneer Award. He is one of the few singers to achieve chart success spanning the doo-wop, rhythm and blues, soul and disco musical eras, with some top-40 pop and R&B chart hits between 1961 and 1986. Chandler was inducted as a performer into the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame on August 24, 2014. In 2016, he became a double inductee in the R&B Music Hall of Fame with his induction as an R&B music pioneer.

Early years
Chandler was born Eugene Drake Dixon in Chicago on July 6, 1937. He attended Englewood High School on the city's South Side. Chandler began performing during the early 1950s with the Gaytones. He joined the Dukays with James Lowe, Shirley Jones, Earl Edwards and Ben Broyles in 1957, soon becoming their lead singer. After being drafted into the U.S. Army, Chandler returned to Chicago in 1960 and rejoined the Dukays.

Career
The Dukays were offered a recording contract by Nat Records and recorded "The Girl Is a Devil" (1961), a single, with producers Carl Davis and Bill "Bunky" Sheppard. This was followed by a session in August 1961 which resulted in four songs, including "Nite Owl" and "Duke of Earl". Nat Records released "Nite Owl", and it became an R&B success by the end of the year. Davis and Sheppard shopped "Duke of Earl" to Vee-Jay Records, which released it in 1962 by Dixon (known as Gene Chandler).

"Duke of Earl" sold one million copies in a little over a month, and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA. After the song spent three weeks at number one on the Billboard charts, Chandler purchased a cape, monocle, cane and top hat and advertised himself as the Duke of Earl. He appeared in costume singing "Duke of Earl" in Don't Knock the Twist, a 1962 film featuring Chubby Checker. Chandler's concerts became popular, and he performed encoresusually "Rainbow", a Curtis Mayfield song.

Chandler left Vee-Jay in the autumn of 1963 and recorded for Constellation Records, another Chicago company. After Constellation went bankrupt in 1966, he was contracted to Chess and then to Brunswick Records; for a time, Chess and Brunswick alternated in releasing Chandler's recordings. He had Top-20 hits with Constellation with "Just Be True" (1964) and "Nothing Can Stop Me" (1965), both written by Curtis Mayfield and produced by Carl Davis.

Other successes included "What Now," "Rainbow," "I Fooled You This Time," "Think Nothing About It," "A Man's Temptation," "To Be a Lover," "Rainbow '65" (recorded live at Chicago's Regal Theater), "Bless Our Love" and "You Can't Hurt Me No More." Chandler was also successful with his cover version of James Brown's "There Was a Time" and "You Threw a Lucky Punch", released as an answer song to Mary Wells' Motown hit "You Beat Me to the Punch."

After several years performing concerts, Chandler decided to become more involved with music production. He formed a production company and two record labels: Bamboo and Mister Chand. Chandler produced a hit with "Groovy Situation", released on Mercury Records in 1970, which reached number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number eight on the Billboard R&B charts: his second-greatest success, after "Duke of Earl". "Groovy Situation" sold over a million copies and was certified gold by the RIAA in November of that year.

Chandler had produced "Backfield in Motion" in 1969 for Mel and Tim on Bamboo Records, which reached number three on the R&B chart and the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100. He followed this in 1970 with "Good Guys Only Win in the Movies" for the duo; the song reached number 17 on the R&B chart and number 45 on the pop-music chart.

Later that year, Chandler recorded the album Gene and Jerry: One on One with fellow Chicago artist Jerry Butler. He also was featured along with the Impressions, LeRoy Hutson and Curtis Mayfield on the live album, Curtis in Chicago (1973). Chandler sang on Arthur Louis's album, Knocking on Heaven's Door (1974), with Eric Clapton. A period with Curtom Records, a label co-founded by Mayfield, resulted in four self-produced singles; none charted.

Chandler was again successful with disco-style music during the late 1970s, creating hits with his former producer Carl Davis which included "Get Down" (1978), "When You're #1" and "Does She Have a Friend?" Appointed executive vice-president of Davis' Chi-Sound Records, he worked with reggae singer Johnny Nash. A late-1970 interest in older musicians inspired disc jockey Wolfman Jack to organize a tour, including vintage acts such as Chandler.

"Duke of Earl" was sampled by Cypress Hill on "Hand on the Pump" from their album, Cypress Hill (1991), and Chandler's song "Hallelujah, I Love Her So" was sampled on their album Black Sunday (1993). In 1997, he received a Pioneer Award from the Rhythm and Blues Foundation.

In 1988, "Duke of Earl" was included on the soundtrack of Hairspray; "Groovy Situation" appeared on Anchorman: Music from the Motion Picture (2004). In 2002, "Duke of Earl" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. "Duke of Earl" was selected by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as one of its "500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll". In 2016, Chandler was honored in his hometown of Chicago by having a street named after him for his industry accomplishments, hit records, and his civic and philanthropic efforts for the city and its people.

His son, Defrantz Forest, sings with the Motown group The Originals.

Discography

Albums

Solo releases and collaborations:

Singles

References

Bibliography

Further reading
Pruter, Robert. Chicago Soul. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1991,

External links
 Official Gene Chandler website
 Gene Chandler interview
 WGN Radio's Pete Mc Murray interviews the "Duke of Earl", Gene Chandler.

1937 births
Living people
20th-century African-American male singers
American male singers
African-American record producers
Record producers from Illinois
African-American songwriters
American music industry executives
American rhythm and blues singers
American soul musicians
American soul singers
Doo-wop musicians
Brunswick Records artists
Checker Records artists
Mercury Records artists
Northern soul musicians
Singers from Chicago
Vee-Jay Records artists
Songwriters from Illinois
Englewood Technical Prep Academy alumni
21st-century African-American people
American male songwriters


text:
The 1996 Hopman Cup was the eighth edition of the Hopman Cup that was held at the Burswood Entertainment Complex, in Perth, Western Australia.

Teams

' – Iva Majoli and Goran Ivanišević (champions)' – Brenda Schultz-McCarthy and Richard Krajicek
 – Martina Hingis and Marc Rosset (finalists)''
 – Amanda Coetzer and Wayne Ferreira

5.   – Chanda Rubin and Richey Reneberg
6.   – Nicole Bradtke and Mark Philippoussis
7.   – Anke Huber and Martin Sinner
8.   – Catherine Tanvier and Arnaud Boetsch

Final

External links

Hopman Cups by year
Hopman Cup

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Раздо́ловка () — село на Украине, находится в Мурованокуриловецком районе Винницкой области.

Код КОАТУУ — 0522885901. Население по переписи 2001 года составляет 741 человек. Почтовый индекс — 23406. Телефонный код — 4356.
Занимает площадь 1,38 км².

Религия
В селе действует Иоанно-Предтечинский храм Мурованокуриловецкого благочиния Могилёв-Подольской епархии Украинской православной церкви.

Адрес местного совета
23406, Винницкая область, Мурованокуриловецкий р-н, с. Раздоловка, ул. Ленина, 32

Примечания

Ссылки
 Раздоловка на сайте Верховной рады Украины

Населённые пункты Мурованокуриловецкого района


text:
La mortalità perinatale o morte perinatale si riferisce alla morte del feto o del neonato dalle 28 settimane di gravidanza fin la prima settimana di vita (7 giorni).

L'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità definisce la mortalità perinatale come il "numero di nati morti e morti nella prima settimana di vita per ogni 1.000 nati vivi, il periodo perinatale comincia alle 22 settimane complete (154 giorni dopo la gestazione) e termina ai sette giorni dopo la nascita".

Tasso di mortalità perinatale
Il tasso di mortalità perinatale è il numero di nati morti e morti nei primi 7 giorni di vita del neonato, per ogni 1.000 nati vivi in un anno determinato.

Il tasso di mortalità perinatale aumenta in caso di gravidanze in fase adolescenziale.

Terminologia della mortalità intrauterina e infantile
Secondo la durata della gravidanza e il momento della morte la mortalità si denomina:

 Aborto (aborto indotto con farmaci, chirurgico, terapeutico e spontaneo): fino alle 20 settimane di gravidanza.
 Morte fetale: quando l'età gestazionale è superiore a 22 settimane.
 Morte perinatale: dalle 28 settimane di gravidanza fino alla prima settimana di vita.
Mortalità neonatale: dalla nascita ai 28 giorni.
 Mortalità infantile: durante il primo anno di vita, è l'indicatore demografico che segnala il numero di morti infantili in una data popolazione per ogni mille nascite vive registrate.

Note

Voci correlate
 Tasso di mortalità infantile
 Morte neonatale

Collegamenti esterni

Infanzia
Morte


text:
Город Чебоксары разделён на 3 района.

В рамках административно-территориального устройства республики Чувашии, Чебоксары является городом республиканского значения, которому подчинены 2 пгт и 2 сельских населённых пункта; в рамках муниципального устройства он образует муниципальное образование городской округ  город Чебоксары , в который входят 5 населённых пунктов (город Чебоксары, 2 пгт и 2 сельских населённых пункта).

Районы города не являются муниципальными образованиями.

Районы

Микрорайоны

Населённые пункты
Городу Чебоксарам подчинены 2 пгт и 2 сельских населённых пункта, вместе с которыми он образует муниципальное образование городской округ город Чебоксары.

Подчинённые Чебоксарам населённые пункты (п. Северный, пгт Сосновка) с прилегающими территориями на противоположном берегу реки Волга составляют территориальное управление Заволжья в рамках муниципального образования городской округ города Чебоксары. Деревня Чандрово административно подчинена Московскому району города, посёлок городского типа Новые Лапсары — Ленинскому району.

История
4 апреля 1973 года президиум Верховного совета Чувашской АССР принимает решение о разделении города Чебоксары на три административных района: Ленинский, Калининский и Московский.

Примечания

Административное деление Чебоксар


text:
Amoria est un genre de mollusques gastéropodes de la famille des Volutidae.

Liste des espèces
Selon  :

Galerie

Références taxinomiques

Notes et références

Volutidae
Genre de gastéropodes (nom scientifique)


text:
Первая словацкая футбольная лига 1995/1996 годов () — 3-й сезон чемпионата Словакии по футболу.

Клубы-участники

Турнирная таблица

|- style="background-color:#AAAAAA; line-height:3pt;"
||||||||||||||||||||||

Бомбардиры

Ссылки
 Чемпионат Словакии на rsssf.com

1995/1996
Словакия
Словакия
Спорт в Словакии в 1995 году
Спорт в Словакии в 1996 году
Национальные футбольные чемпионаты в сезоне 1995/1996


text:
Apache OpenOffice (AOO) is an open-source office productivity software suite. It is one of the successor projects of OpenOffice.org and the designated successor of IBM Lotus Symphony. It was a close cousin of LibreOffice, Collabora Online and NeoOffice in 2014. It contains a word processor (Writer), a spreadsheet (Calc), a presentation application (Impress), a drawing application (Draw), a formula editor (Math), and a database management application (Base).

Apache OpenOffice's default file format is the OpenDocument Format (ODF), an ISO/IEC standard. It can also read and write a wide variety of other file formats, with particular attention to those from Microsoft Office although, unlike LibreOffice, it cannot save documents in Microsoft's post-2007 Office Open XML formats, but only import them.

Apache OpenOffice is developed for Linux, macOS and Windows, with ports to other operating systems. It is distributed under the Apache-2.0 license. The first release was version 3.4.0, on 8 May 2012. The most recent significant feature release was version 4.1, which was made available in 2014. The project has continued to release minor updates that fix bugs, update dictionaries and sometimes include feature enhancements. The most recent maintenance release was 4.1.13 on July 22, 2022.

Difficulties maintaining a sufficient number of contributors to keep the project viable have persisted for several years. In January 2015 the project reported a lack of active developers and code contributions. There have been continual problems providing timely fixes to security vulnerabilities since 2015. Downloads of the software peaked in 2013 with an average of just under 148,000 per day, compared to about 50,000 in 2019 and 2020.

History

After acquiring Sun Microsystems in January 2010, Oracle Corporation continued developing OpenOffice.org and StarOffice, which it renamed Oracle Open Office. In September 2010, the majority of outside OpenOffice.org developers left the project due to concerns over Sun's, and then Oracle's, management of the project, to form The Document Foundation (TDF). TDF released the fork LibreOffice in January 2011, which most Linux distributions soon moved to, including Oracle Linux in 2012.

In April 2011, Oracle stopped development of OpenOffice.org and laid off the remaining development team. Its reasons for doing so were not disclosed; some speculate that it was due to the loss of mindshare with much of the community moving to LibreOffice while others suggest it was a commercial decision. In June 2011 Oracle contributed the OpenOffice.org trademarks and source code to the Apache Software Foundation, which Apache re-licensed under the Apache License. IBM, to whom Oracle had contractual obligations concerning the code, appears to have preferred that OpenOffice.org be spun out to the Apache Software Foundation above other options or being abandoned by Oracle. Additionally, in March 2012, in the context of donating IBM Lotus Symphony to the Apache OpenOffice project, IBM expressed a preference for permissive licenses, such as the Apache license, over copyleft license. The developer pool for the Apache project was seeded by IBM employees, who, from project inception through to 2015, did the majority of the development.

The project was accepted to the Apache Incubator on 13 June 2011, the Oracle code drop was imported on 29 August 2011, Apache OpenOffice 3.4 was released 8 May 2012 and Apache OpenOffice graduated as a top-level Apache project on 18 October 2012.

IBM donated the Lotus Symphony codebase to the Apache Software Foundation in 2012, and Symphony was deprecated in favour of Apache OpenOffice. Many features and bug fixes, including a reworked sidebar, were merged.  The IAccessible2 screen reader support from Symphony was ported and included in the AOO 4.1 release (April 2014), although its first appearance in an open source software release was as part of LibreOffice 4.2 in January 2014. IBM ceased official participation by the release of AOO 4.1.1.

In September 2016, OpenOffice's project management committee chair Dennis Hamilton began a discussion of possibly discontinuing the project, after the Apache board had put them on monthly reporting due to the project's ongoing problems handling security issues.

Naming
By December 2011, the project was being called Apache OpenOffice.org (Incubating); in 2012, the project chose the name Apache OpenOffice, a name used in the 3.4 press release.

Features

Components

Fonts
Apache OpenOffice includes OpenSymbol, DejaVu, the Gentium fonts, and the Apache-licensed ChromeOS fonts Arimo (sans serif), Tinos (serif) and Cousine (monospace).

OpenOffice Basic

Apache OpenOffice includes OpenOffice Basic, a programming language similar to Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Apache OpenOffice has some Microsoft VBA macro support. OpenOffice Basic is available in Writer, Calc, Draw, Impress and Base.

File formats
Apache OpenOffice obtains its handling of file formats from OpenOffice.org, excluding some which were supported only by copyleft libraries, such as WordPerfect support. There is no definitive list of what formats the program supports other than the program's behaviour.  Notable claimed improvements in file format handling in 4.0 include improved interoperability with Microsoft's 2007 format Office Open XML (DOCX, XLSX, PPTX) — although it cannot write OOXML, only read it to some degree.

Use of Java
Apache OpenOffice does not bundle a Java virtual machine with the installer, as OpenOffice.org did, although the suite still requires Java for "full functionality".

Supported operating systems
Apache OpenOffice 4.1.0 was released for x86 versions of Microsoft Windows XP or later, Linux (32-bit and 64-bit), and Mac OS X 10.7 or later.

Other operating systems are supported by community ports; completed ports for 3.4.1 included various other Linux platforms, FreeBSD, OS/2 and Solaris SPARC, and ports of 3.4.0 for Mac OS X v10.4–v10.5 PowerPC and Solaris x86. OpenOffice has also been ported to OS/2, and derivatives such as ArcaOS.

Development

Apache OpenOffice does not "release early, release often"; it eschews time-based release schedules, releasing only "when it is ready".

Apache OpenOffice has lost its initial developer participation. During March 2014 March 2015 it had only sixteen developers; the top four (by changesets) were IBM employees, and IBM had ceased official participation by the release of 4.1.1.

In January 2015, the project reported that it was struggling to attract new volunteers because of a lack of mentoring and was badly in need of contributions from experienced developers. Industry analysts noted the project's inactivity, describing it as "all but stalled" and "dying" and noting its inability to maintain OpenOffice infrastructure or security. Red Hat developer Christian Schaller sent an open letter to the Apache Software Foundation in August 2015 asking them to direct Apache OpenOffice users towards LibreOffice "for the sake of open source and free software", which was widely covered and echoed by others.

The project produced two minor updates in 2017, although there was concern about the potential bugginess of the first of these releases. Patricia Shanahan, the release manager for the previous year's update, noted: "I don't like the idea of changes going out to millions of users having only been seriously examined by one programmer — even if I'm that programmer." Brett Porter, then Apache Software Foundation chairman, asked if the project should "discourage downloads". The next update, released in November 2018, included fixes for regressions introduced in previous releases.

The Register published an article in October 2018 entitled "Apache OpenOffice, the Schrodinger's app: No one knows if it's dead or alive, no one really wants to look inside", which found there were 141 code committers at the time of publication, compared to 140 in 2014; this was a change from the sustained growth experienced prior to 2014. The article concluded: "Reports of AOO's death appear to have been greatly exaggerated; the project just looks that way because it's moving slowly."

Security
Between October 2014 and July 2015 the project had no release manager. During this period, in April 2015, a known remote code execution security vulnerability in Apache OpenOffice 4.1.1 was announced (), but the project did not have the developers available to release the software fix. Instead, the Apache project published a workaround for users, leaving the vulnerability in the download. Former PMC chair Andrea Pescetti volunteered as release manager in July 2015 and version 4.1.2 was released in October 2015.

It was revealed in October 2016 that 4.1.2 had been distributed with a known security hole () for nearly a year as the project had not had the development resources to fix it.

4.1.3 was known to have security issues since at least January 2017, but fixes to them were delayed by an absent release manager for 4.1.4. The Apache Software Foundation January 2017 Board minutes were edited after publication to remove mention of the security issue, which Jim Jagielski of the ASF board claimed would be fixed by May 2017. Fixes were finally released in October 2017. Further unfixed problems showed up in February 2019, with The Register unable to get a response from the developers, although the existing proof-of-concept exploit doesn't work with OpenOffice out-of-the-box.

Version 4.1.11 was released in October 2021 with a fix for a remote code execution security vulnerability () that was publicly revealed the previous month. The project had been notified in early May 2021. The security hole had been fixed in LibreOffice since 2014.

Releases

Oracle had improved Draw (adding SVG), Writer (adding ODF 1.2) and Calc in the OpenOffice.org 3.4 beta release (12 April 2011), though it cancelled the project only a few days later.

Apache OpenOffice 3.4 was released on 8 May 2012. It differed from the thirteen-month-older OpenOffice.org 3.4 beta mainly in license-related details. Notably, the project removed both code and fonts which were under licenses unacceptable to Apache. Language support was considerably reduced, to 15 languages from 121 in OpenOffice.org 3.3. Java, required for the database application, was no longer bundled with the software. 3.4.1, released 23 August 2012, added five languages back, with a further eight added 30 January 2013.

Version 4.0 was released 23 July 2013. Features include merging the Symphony code drop, reimplementing the sidebar-style interface from Symphony, improved install, MS Office interoperability enhancements, and performance improvements. 4.0.1 added nine new languages.

Version 4.1 was released in April 2014. Various features lined up for 4.1 include comments on text ranges, IAccessible2, in-place editing of input fields, interactive cropping, importing pictures from files and other improvements. 4.1.1 (released 14 August 2014) fixed critical issues in 4.1. 4.1.2 (released in October 2015) was a bugfix release, with improvements in packaging and removal of the HWP file format support associated with the vulnerability . 4.1.3 (September 2016) had updates to the existing language dictionaries, enhanced build tools for AOO developers, a bug fix for databases on macOS, and a security fix for vulnerability . 4.1.4 contained security fixes. Version 4.1.5 was released in December 2017, containing bug fixes.

Distribution

As a result of harmful downloads being offered by scammers, the project strongly recommends all downloads be made via its official download page, which is managed off-site by SourceForge. SourceForge reported 30 million downloads for the Apache OpenOffice 3.4 series by January 2013, making it one of SourceForge's top downloads; the project claimed 50 million downloads of Apache OpenOffice 3.4.x as of 15 May 2013, slightly over one year after the release of 3.4.0 (8 May 2012), 85,083,221 downloads of all versions by 1 January 2014, 100 million by April 2014, 130 million by the end of 2014 and 200 million by November 2016.

As of May 2012 (the first million downloads), 87% of downloads via SourceForge were for Windows, 11% for Mac OS X and 2% for Linux; statistics for the first 50 million downloads remained consistent, at 88% Windows, 10% Mac OS X, and 2% Linux.

Apache OpenOffice is available in the FreeBSD ports tree.

Derivatives
Derivatives include AndrOpen Office, a port for Android, and Office 700 for iOS, both ported by Akikazu Yoshikawa.

LibreOffice also used some changes from Apache OpenOffice. In 2013, 4.5% of new commits in LibreOffice 4.1 came from Apache contributors; in 2016, only 11 commits from Apache OpenOffice were merged into LibreOffice, representing 0.07% of LibreOffice's commits for the period. LibreOffice earlier rebased its LGPL-3.0-or-later codebase on the Apache OpenOffice 3.4 source code (though it used MPL-2.0, not the Apache-2.0) to allow wider (but still copyleft) licensing under MPL-2.0 and LGPL-3.0-or-later.

Older versions of NeoOffice included stability fixes from Apache OpenOffice, though NeoOffice 2017 and later versions are based on LibreOffice 4.4 which was released mid-2014.

References

External links

2012 software
OpenOffice
Cross-platform free software
Formerly proprietary software
Free PDF software
Free software programmed in C++
Free software programmed in Java (programming language)
Office suites for macOS
Office suites for Windows
Open-source office suites
OpenOffice
Portable software
Software using the Apache license
Unix software
Office suites
Spreadsheet software


text:
Moñón és una pedania del municipi de Vega de Valcarce, a la comarca de El Bierzo, a la província de Lleó. La seva població, el 2013, era d'onze habitants.

Referències

Enllaços externs
 Ajuntament de Vega de Valcarce

El Bierzo
Pedanies
Entitats de població d'Espanya


text:
Ботай Байзаков ( — ) пулемётчик стрелковой роты 860-го стрелкового полка 283-й стрелковой дивизии 3-й армии, сержант, участник Великой Отечественной войны, полный кавалер ордена Славы.

Биография
Родился 23 февраля 1922 года в селе Акжар, по другим данным в селе Батпак, ныне Бухар-Жырауского района Карагандинской области Республики Казахстан в крестьянской семье. Казах.

Образование неполное среднее. Был скотником в совхозе «Нураталдинский» Шетского района Джезказганской, ныне Карагандинской области Казахстана.

В Красной армии с 1942 года. В боях Великой Отечественной войны с июня 1942 года.

Пулемётчик стрелковой роты 860-го стрелкового полка (283-я стрелковая дивизия, 3-я армия, Белорусский фронт) красноармеец Ботай Байзаков 26 ноября 1943 года в бою за село Селец-Холопеев ныне село Селец Быховского района Могилёвской области Белоруссии одним из первых достиг окраины села и уничтожил свыше десяти гитлеровцев, обеспечивая наступление подразделения.

За мужество и отвагу, проявленные в боях, 5 декабря 1943 года красноармеец Байзаков Ботай награждён орденом Славы 3-й степени (№ 6373).

11 января 1944 года при прорыве обороны противника в районе города Рогачёв Гомельской области Белоруссии пулемётчик стрелковой роты 860-го стрелкового полка (283-я стрелковая дивизия, 3-я армия, Белорусский фронт) красноармеец Ботай Байзаков одним из первых ворвался во вражескую траншею, поразил шестерых гитлеровцев, а одного захватил в плен.

За мужество и отвагу, проявленные в боях, 10 марта 1944 года красноармеец Байзаков Ботай повторно награждён орденом Славы 3-й степени.

В бою за город Вилленберг (ныне — Вельбарк, Польша) 17 января 1945 года пулемётчик стрелковой роты 860-го стрелкового полка (283-я стрелковая дивизия, 3-я армия, 2-й Белорусский фронт) сержант Ботай Байзаков подбил вражеский бронетранспортёр, подавил три пулемётные точки. Будучи тяжело раненным, отважный воин-пулемётчик продолжал вести огонь и уничтожил орудийный расчёт неприятеля.

За мужество и отвагу, проявленные в боях, 7 февраля 1945 года сержант Байзаков Ботай награждён орденом Славы 2-й степени (№ 25732).

В 1945 году Б. Байзаков демобилизован. Работал скотником в совхозе «Нураталдинский» Шетского района Джезказганской ныне Карагандинской области Казахстана.

Указом Президиума Верховного Совета СССР от 16 марта 1984 года за образцовое выполнение заданий командования в боях с немецко-фашистскими захватчиками сержант в отставке Байзаков Ботай перенаграждён орденом Славы 1-й степени (№ 2105), став полным кавалером ордена Славы.

Ветеран жил в селе Акжар Карагандинской области Республики Казахстан.

Умер 22 августа 1995 года. Похоронен на кладбище села Шопа Нураталдинского аульного округа  Карагандинской области Казахстана.

Награды
 орден Отечественной войны I степени (11.03.1985)
 Орден Красной Звезды (26.09.1944)
 орден Славы I степени(26.3.1984)
 орден Славы II степени(12.05.1945)
 орден Славы III степени(16.3.1984)
 медали, в том числе:
 «За отвагу» (20.01.1944)
 «В ознаменование 100-летия со дня рождения Владимира Ильича Ленина» (6 апреля 1970)
 «За победу над Германией в Великой Отечественной войне 1941—1945 гг.» (1945)
 «20 лет Победы в Великой Отечественной войне 1941—1945 гг.» (7 мая 1965)
 «30 лет Победы в Великой Отечественной войне 1941—1945 гг.»
 Медаль «Сорок лет Победы в Великой Отечественной войне 1941—1945 гг.»
 Юбилейная медаль «50 лет Победы в Великой Отечественной войне 1941—1945 гг.»
 «Ветеран труда»
 «30 лет Советской Армии и Флота»
 «40 лет Вооружённых Сил СССР»
 «50 лет Вооружённых Сил СССР» (26 декабря 1967)
 «60 лет Вооружённых Сил СССР» (28 января 1978)

 Знак «25 лет победы в Великой Отечественной войне» (1970)
 И другие

Память
 Его именем названы улицы в селах Нураталды и Аксу-Аюлы.
 Имя героя увековечено на сайте МО РФ «Дорога памяти»

Примечания

Литература
 .

Ссылки

Полные кавалеры ордена Славы
Пехотинцы Великой Отечественной войны


text:
The Presidential Communications Group, or simply the Communications Group, is the collective name for the offices within the Office of the President of the Philippines and refers to the position of the Secretary of Presidential Communications Office formerly known as Office of the Press Secretary and the Secretary of the Presidential Communications Operations Office (PCOO). The office of the presidential spokesperson was previously under the Communications Group.

The Communications Group is primarily responsible for planning, programming, and coordinating the activities that will most effectively collect information about what is happening in the Executive branch of the government, and getting this information to the media. The Group's other role is to help Filipinos understand government policies and programs, and to shore up support for them.

Presidential Spokesperson

The Presidential Spokesperson spoke on behalf of the President about matters of public interest. Considering the restricted level of access that the media has to the Chief Executive, the Spokesperson was expected to be the primary source of presidential directives in the absence of the President of the Philippines.

The Presidential Spokesperson was not subject to confirmation by the Commission on Appointments, and did not have any specific item or template in government.

The position was last occupied by the Secretary of the Presidential Communications Operations Office Martin Andanar in an acting capacity due to the resignation of Harry Roque, while the Assistant to the Presidential Spokesperson was Atty. Kris Roman of the Duterte administration. During the administration of President Bongbong Marcos, the office was abolished and all its personnel, equipment and functions were transferred to the office of the Press Secretary then headed by Trixie Cruz-Angeles.

On December 2022, Daphne Oseña-Paez was appointed as the Presidential Communications Office Press Briefer, a position created only for briefings for the Malacañang Press Corps in the New Executive Building. All press conferences that includes President Bongbong Marcos is personally moderated a by the PCO Secretary.

Presidential Communications Office

The Presidential Communications Office (PCO) is in charge of disseminating the government's message to private media entities. It exercises supervision and control over state-owned media entities to disseminate the official messages properly and effectively in accordance with the communications plan. It is responsible for the accreditation and authentication of the credentials of foreign media correspondents in line with its primary task to cultivate relations and assist private media entities. During the administrations of Benigno Aquino III and Rodrigo Duterte, the office was named the Presidential Communications Operations Office (PCOO).

The PCO Secretary holds a cabinet rank. He/she is assisted by an undersecretary for administration, finance and procurement; an undersecretary for operations, plans, and policies; an undersecretary for legal affairs; an undersecretary for media accreditation and relations; one undersecretary each for digital media, print media, and broadcast media services; an undersecretary for special concerns; an assistant secretary; and an electronic data processing division chief.

The PCO is composed of the following units and agencies:

 APO Production Unit
 Bureau of Communications Services
 Freedom of Information-Program Management Office
 Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation
 National Printing Office
 People's Television Network
 Philippine Broadcasting Service - Bureau of Broadcast Services (Radyo Pilipinas)
 Philippine Information Agency
 Philippines News Agency - News and Information Bureau
 Presidential Broadcast Staff-Radio Television Malacañang

Powers and Functions
Pursuant to Section 3 of the Executive Order No. 2, s. 2022, the Office of the Press Secretary shall perform the following functions:
Pronounce on behalf of the President the matters pertaining to his/her actions, policies, programs, official activities, and accomplishments.
Develop and implement necessary guidelines and mechanisms pertaining to the delivery and dissemination of information on policies, programs, official activities, and achievements of the President and the Executive Branch.
Coordinate the crafting, formulation, development, and enhancement of the messaging system under the Office of the President and the Executive Branch.
Supervise and Coordinate with the agencies and Government-Owned and Controlled Corporations (GOCC)'s attached to the Office of the Press Secretary for purposes of further strengthening the system of information delivery to the public.
Established and Maintain rapport with private media and other similar entities and stakeholders; and
Perform such other functions as the Office of the President may assign from time to time.

Organization
The Office of the Press Secretary shall be organized as follows pursuant to Section 2 of the Executive Order No. 2, s. 2022:

(a) Office of the Secretary. The Office of the Secretary shall have an Assistant Secretary with support staff not more than twenty (20) personnel to be designated by the Press Secretary and approved by the Executive Secretary in the exigency of the service and in accordance with the civil service law and rules.

(b) Undersecretaries and Assistant Secretaries. In addition of the foregoing, there shall be Undersecretaries for the following areas. Each of which shall have Assistant Secretaries and Support Staff:

(I) Operations, Plans and Policies

(II) Administration, Finance and Procurement

(III) Legal Affairs

(IV) Media Accreditation and Relations

(V) Digital Media Services

(VI) Print Media Services and related Government-Owned and Controlled Corporations (GOCC)'s and attached agencies

(VII) Broadcast Media Services and related Government-Owned and Controlled Corporations (GOCC)'s and attached agencies; and

(VIII) Special Concerns

Key Officials
List of Key Officials as of January 10, 2023:
Atty. Cheloy Velicaria-Garafil, Secretary

Undersecretaries and Assistant Secretaries:
Greggy N. Eugenio - Undersecretary for Media Accreditation and Relations
Emerald R. Ridao - Undersecretary for Digital Media Services
Maria A. Pedroche - Undersecretary for Administration, Finance, & Procurement
Edwin M. Cordevilla - Undersecretary for Print Media Services and related GOCC's and attached agencies
Marlon B. Purificacion - Undersecretary for Special Concerns
Rowena "Ina" M. Reformina - Undersecretary for Broadcast Media Services and related GOCC's and attached agencies
Atty. Eugene Henry C. Rodriguez - Undersecretary for Operations, Plans, and Policies
Robert R. Ricohermoso - Assistant Secretary for Print Media Services and related GOCCs and attached agencies
Michel Andre P. Del Rosario - Assistant Secretary for Special Concerns and International Media Affairs
Antonio B. Narra, Jr. - Assistant Secretary for Finance
Jocelyn L. Siddayao - Assistant Secretary for Procurement
Dale Q. De Vera - Assistant Secretary for Media Accreditation and Relations
Patricia Kayle S. Martin - Assistant Secretary for Digital Media & Communications
Mardielyn D. Perez - Assistant Secretary for Digital Asset Management
Daphne O. Paez - Malacañang Press Briefer

Bureau and Service Directors:
Atty. Glenn Albert M. Ocampo - Director V, Director for Administration
Atty. Ansherina Paula C. Francisco - Director III, Director for Special Concerns
Mary Grace R. Baesa - Director III, Director for Finance
Jamille Mari S. Gonzales - Director III, Director for Procurement
Atty. Mark Wayne Eubank - Director III, Director for Organizational Development
Atty. Marlon M. Caisip - Director III, Director for Operations, Plans, and Policies
Mary Berlyn T. Reontare - Director III, Director for Digital Asset Management
Gaile G. Cardeño - Director III, Director for Digital Asset Management
Angelica R. Danlag - Director I, Director for Treasury

Division Chiefs:
Ma. Alma A. Francisco - Budget Division
Ma. Teresa L. Ubas - Accounting Division
Atty. Tara Triztina C. Rama - General Services Division
Rochelle I. Rubenecia - Human Resource Development Division
Jayson C. Erquiza - Procurement Division
Atty. Dictador V. Untayao - Legal Division

Attached Agency, Bureau and Office Heads
Rizal Giovanni P. Aportadera, Jr. - Director IV, Bureau of Broadcast Services (BBS)
Carlos A. Bathan - Director IV, National Printing Office (NPO)
Raymond Robert C. Burgos - Director III, News and Information Bureau (NIB)
Julio O. Castillo, Jr. - General Manager, People's Television Network, Inc. (PTV 4)
Hexilon Josephat Thaddeus G. Alvarez -  President and CEO, Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation (IBC 13)
Vincent Steve P. Badong - Chairman & President, APO Production Unit, Inc.

Units under the Presidential Communications Office
With the reorganization of the PCOO under President Bongbong Marcos, most units previously under the agency were transferred to the Presidential Communications Office.

Presidential News Desk
The Presidential News Desk (PND) functions as the newsroom of Malacañang Palace. It gathers and disseminates information, such as press and photograph releases, and official statements from the Palace, on a daily basis.

The PND operates from Sundays to Saturdays, 5:00 AM to 7:00 PM.  It is headed by a chief editor and is composed of a managing editor, deskmen, and reporters. Other units, which support the PND are Electronic Data Processing, Transcription and Monitoring, and Photographs.

Francisco Tatad conceived the PND. He was the Press Secretary to President Ferdinand Marcos. It was then called the Central Desk and was located in the Mabini Building. During the administration of President Corazon C. Aquino, Press Secretary Benigno Teodoro relegated the Central Desk, which became the News and Reportorial Section, as a section of the Presidential Press Staff. Under the Ramos administration, Press Secretary Rodolfo Reyes strengthened presidential coverage and set up the PND.

Philippine Information Agency

The Philippine Information Agency (PIA), established by Executive Order No. 100, is the main development communication arm of the government.

The PIA directly serves the Presidency and the executive branch of the national, regional and provincial levels through its 16 regional offices and 71 provincial information centers. Its core services include: information gathering/research, production and dissemination, and institutional development and capacity-building focusing on alliance-building, networking, communication-related training, consultancy and technical assistance. The PIA is also the advertising arm of the government.

It is headed by a director general with a rank of undersecretary and four deputy director generals, four assistant director generals, staff directors in the central office, regional directors in the regional offices, and more than 500 permanent and contractual employees. It works closely with other government agencies, in particular the National Printing Office in the production of information materials.

Its tagline is "Empowering Communities". The PIA works with community stakeholders, including local government units, line agencies, private entities, schools, colleges and universities, civil society organizations, and other groups in ensuring proper dissemination of information at the grassroots level. The agency advocates responsible sharing of information and responsible use of social media. Its current management and personnel work with the mantra and belief that "a well-informed Filipino is an empowered Filipino".

Currently, the PIA is under the direct supervision of the Office of the President and absorbed offices previously under the PCOO, namely the Bureau of Communications Services, the Freedom of Information – Project Management Office, and the Good Governance Office.

Bureau of Communications Services
The Bureau of Communications Services was an attached agency of the PCOO that is tasked to provide materials and services related to various functions of the Presidency, PCOO and the general public. It also owns Balita Central, a tabloid newspaper which is published bi-monthly through its official website and at selected LRT Line 2 stations. It also produces information materials for state events such as the anniversary of the People Power Revolution, Araw ng Kalayaan celebrations, and others.

It is currently absorbed by the Philippine Information Agency as ordered by Bongbong Marcos's Executive Order No. 2 s. 2022.

Presidential Broadcast Staff - Radio Television Malacañang

Created by President Corazon C. Aquino under Executive Order No. 297 on July 25, 1987, the Presidential Broadcast Staff - Radio Television Malacañang is tasked to provide the necessary media services, video and audio, to the incumbent President, to document all official engagements, and to make available to the public accurate and relevant information on the activities, programs and pronouncements of the national leadership.

The agency is involved in television coverage and documentation, news and public affairs syndication of all the activities of the President, either live or delayed telecast through government or private collaborating networks.

Since February 13, 2023, the agency is under the control and supervision of the PCO in accordance with Bongbong Marcos' Executive Order No. 16 s. 2023. The agency was under the Presidential Management Staff.

Media networks
There are two government-run television networks, namely the People's Television Network (PTV-4), and the Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation (IBC-13). The Philippine Broadcasting Service (PBS) constitutes the government radio network. OPS still holds 20% minority stake in the Radio Philippines Network (RPN-9).

IBC-13 and RPN-9 were sequestered by the Presidential Commission on Good Government after the fall of the Marcos dictatorship. However, plans are being made to privatize IBC-13 and RPN-9 within two years to raise money. According to the 2009 report of the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG), IBC-13 is valued at PHP 3.074 billion while RPN-9 is valued at PHP 1.3 billion.

National Printing Office

The National Printing Office (NPO) was established by Executive Order No. 285 on July 25, 1987.  Executive Order No. 285 abolished the General Services Administration and transferred its functions to other agencies. Its Government Printing Offices were merged with the printing units of the PIA. The NPO is mandated by Executive Order No. 285 to print forms, official ballots, public documents, and public information materials.

News and Information Bureau
The News and Information Bureau's main aim is to provide services relating to the development and formulation of a domestic and foreign information program for the Government in general, and the Presidency in particular, including the development of strategies for the dissemination of information on specific government programs. It is composed of the following divisions:
Finance and Administrative Division
Presidential Press Staff
Media Accreditation and Relations Division/International Press Center
Philippine News Agency

OP Web Development Office
The OP Web Development Office, commonly referred to as the President's New Media Team, is responsible for the establishment and management of the President's Official Website and Official Presence on social networking channels such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. It is also partly responsible for the feedback mechanism of the President wherein it receives the comments, concerns and suggestions through the Contact Us section of the President's website. It is also responsible for the President's Social Media engagement and in maximizing the use of new technologies to further the President's agenda, policies and programs.

Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office

The Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office (PCDSPO) ensures that all aspects of communications are covered, to ensure that the administration's message has been delivered successfully. This includes market research and polling. It devises the communications strategy to promote the President's agenda throughout all media, and among the many people with whom the administration interacts. This can include, but is not limited to, the State of the Nation address, televised press conferences, statements to the press, and radio addresses. This office also works closely with cabinet-level departments and other executive agencies, in order to create a coherent strategy through which the president's message can be disseminated.

During the administration of former president Benigno Aquino III, the PCDSPO head held a cabinet rank. The head was supported by a deputy of undersecretary rank, a chief of staff, an assistant secretary for messaging, and an electronic data processing division chief. After Rodrigo Duterte became the President in 2016, the PCDSPO was merged with the PCOO, thus effectively abolishing the PCDSPO. The PCOO was renamed as the Presidential Communications Office before it was reverted to Presidential Communications Operations Office.

Prior to June 30, 2016, the PCDSPO was composed of the following units and agencies, all of which were under the PCOO:
 Presidential Message Staff
 The OP Correspondence Office (previously placed under the Office of the Communications Director from the Presidential Management Staff per E.O. No. 348, August 11, 2004
 Media Research and Development Staff created by E.O. No. 297, July 25, 1987, from the Office of the Press Secretary
 The Presidential Museum and Library
 The Official Gazette
 The Speech Writers Group (previously placed under the Office of the Communications Director from the Presidential Management Staff per E.O. No. 348, August 11, 2004

Controversies
During the Duterte administration, the PCOO has been criticized for various errors and lapses committed by the office, including what one lawmaker called a "revisionist attempt to whitewash the dark years of martial law". The Secretary of the PCOO assured Congress that it will not repeat the office's mistakes.

In March 2018, the News and Information Bureau released a transcript to reporters of an interview erroneously attributed to the President of the Philippines which was in fact an interview with an impersonator.

In their 2020 annual report, the Commission on Audit flagged the PCOO for the mass hiring of employees under contract service worth PH₱70.6 million. Speculation cited that they're hiring them as "online trolls" to attack critics of the government, in which the state media agency denied the claim.

Notes

References

External links
 About the PCOO
 PCOO Directory
 Executive Order No. 4 Creating the Communications Group
 Briefer on Executive Order No. 4

Information ministries
Office of the President of the Philippines
Public relations in the Philippines