text:
Edwin Powell Hubble (* 20. November 1889 in Marshfield, Missouri; † 28. September 1953 in San Marino, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Astronom.
Er klassifizierte die Spiralgalaxien, befasste sich mit der Expansion des Weltalls und entdeckte die Hubble-Konstante der galaktischen Kosmologie, die Rotverschiebung des Sternenlichts bei zunehmender Entfernung ("Hubble-Effekt"). Er ist Namensgeber des Hubble-Weltraumteleskops.

Leben

Hubble studierte Physik und Astronomie in Chicago und beendete dies 1910 mit dem Abschluss als Bachelor of Science. Anschließend verließ er die USA zum Studium der Rechtswissenschaft in Oxford, das er mit dem Master abschloss. Nach drei Jahren kehrte er in die USA zurück. Dort studierte er in Chicago ab 1914 Astronomie und Mathematik und wurde 1917 promoviert.

Als es Vesto Slipher 1912 am Lowell-Observatorium in Flagstaff (Arizona) gelang, erstmals die Radialgeschwindigkeit eines Spiralnebels zu messen, war auch Hubble als Student mit der Relativgeschwindigkeit des Andromedanebels (M31) zum Milchstraßensystem befasst. Am Mount-Wilson-Observatorium konnte er 1923 nachweisen, dass M31 weit außerhalb unserer Galaxis liegt. Die Ergebnisse seiner Beobachtungen und Berechnungen, Cepheids in Spiral Nebulae, legte er zur Jahreswende 1924/25 der Jahrestagung der American Astronomical Society (AAS) vor, auf der sie am 1. Januar 1925 vorgetragen wurden.

Aufgrund der räumlichen Verteilung anderer Galaxien sowie ihrer im Spektrum u. a. von Milton Humason nachgewiesenen Rotverschiebung postulierte der belgische Priester Georges Lemaître im Juni 1927 die Expansion des Weltalls im Einklang mit Einsteins Allgemeiner Relativitätstheorie. Hubble veröffentlichte zwei Jahre später mit zusätzlichen Daten denselben linearen Zusammenhang zwischen der Rotverschiebung und der Verteilung extragalaktischer Nebel, zog jedoch nicht die physikalische Schlussfolgerung einer Expansion des Weltalls und vermutete ein bisher unentdecktes Naturprinzip hinter der Rotverschiebung. Dennoch wird in der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung diese Entdeckung Lemaîtres häufig Hubble zugeschrieben.

Hubble und Humason entdeckten auf Basis der Arbeiten Sliphers, dass die Spektren verschiedener Galaxien nicht etwa zu gleichen Teilen ins Rote und Blaue verschoben sind, sondern dass es erheblich mehr rotverschobene Spektren gibt. Interpretiert man die Frequenzverschiebung als Dopplereffekt, so lässt sich ableiten, dass sich fast alle beobachteten Galaxien von uns entfernen. Hubble war auch der erste, der einen direkt proportionalen Zusammenhang zwischen Rotverschiebung und Entfernung der Galaxien aufstellte, was bedeuten würde, dass sich diese fernen Weltinseln umso schneller von uns fortbewegen, je weiter sie entfernt sind. Hubble selbst benutzte den Ausdruck "scheinbare Geschwindigkeit", da er zurückhaltend war in der physikalischen Interpretation der Beobachtungen.

Die Größe, die diese Expansion beschreibt, wird ihm zu Ehren die Hubble-Konstante H genannt. Mit ihrer Hilfe lässt sich das Alter des Universums abschätzen.

Hubble hat auch die Hubble-Sequenz entwickelt, ein morphologisches Ordnungsschema für Galaxien. Am 30. August 1935 entdeckte er den Asteroiden Cincinnati.

Am 28. September 1953 starb Hubble mit 63 Jahren an einem Schlaganfall, während er die Vorbereitungen für mehrere Beobachtungsnächte auf dem Palomar-Observatorium traf.

Zitat

Zitat aus Hubbles "Das Reich der Nebel", 1938
Wegen der Bedeutung von Hubbles Forschung auch für die moderne Kosmologie sei im Folgenden eine Originalarbeit in der Übersetzung von Jürgen Hamels Geschichte der Astronomie (Magnus-Verlag 2004, S. 325–327) unter Ergänzung von Links und kleineren Ergänzungen in Klammern wiedergegeben.

Die Verteilung der Nebel
Die Erforschung des beobachtbaren Raums als Ganzes hat zu zwei Ergebnissen von besonderer Bedeutung geführt: Das eine ist die Homogenität des Raumes – die gleichförmige Verteilung der Nebel im Großen –, das andere die Geschwindigkeits-Entfernungs-Beziehung.

Die Verteilung der Nebel im Kleinen ist sehr ungleichmäßig. Man findet einzelne Nebel, Nebelpaare, Nebelgruppen verschiedener Größe und auch Nebelhaufen. Das galaktische System ist Hauptteil eines dreifachen Nebels, von welchem die Magellanwolken die anderen Bestandteile bilden. Das Dreiersystem bildet mit einigen anderen Nebeln die "lokale Gruppe" […]. Deren Mitglieder lieferten uns die ersten Entfernungen, und das Cepheiden-Entfernungskriterium ist bis heute nur auf diese Gruppe anwendbar.

Vergleicht man [hingegen] große Himmelsbereiche oder Raumbereiche miteinander, so mitteln sich die kleinen Unregelmäßigkeiten heraus und es bleibt die sehr gleichmäßige Verteilung im Großen. Die Verteilung über den Himmel erhält man, indem man die Nebelzahlen innerhalb einer ausgewählten, in gleichmäßigen Abständen über den ganzen Himmel verstreuten Bezirken, bis zu einer bestimmten Grenzgröße der Mittel miteinander vergleicht.

Die wahre Verteilung bleibt uns durch örtliche Verdunklung teilweise verborgen. Im [Himmels]gebiet der Milchstraße beobachten wir keine Nebel, und nur wenige an ihrem Rande [… was zusammenhängt mit dem] Vorhandensein großer Staub- und Gaswolken, die über das ganze Sternsystem, besonders über die galaktische Ebene, verstreut sind. Diese Wolken verbergen uns die entfernteren Sterne und Nebel […]

Die Verteilung in der Tiefe, d. h. die Nebelzahlen zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Entfernungsstufen, findet man durch Vergleich der Nebelzahlen mit scheinbaren Helligkeiten zwischen zwei entsprechenden aufeinanderfolgenden Helligkeitsstufen. Es handelt sich dabei um den Vergleich zwischen den Nebelzahlen und dem Raumteil, den die Nebel erfüllen. Da diese Zahlen im gleichen Verhältnis wachsen wie die Raumgrößen […], so müssen die Nebel gleichmäßig verteilt sein […]

Die Geschwindigkeits-Entfernungs-Beziehung

[…] Die Nebel zeigen im allgemeinen sonnenähnliche  Absorptionsspektren, sodass man annehmen kann, dass der Sonnentypus unter den Nebelsternen vorherrscht. Die Spektren sind notwendigerweise kurz, weil das Licht zu schwach ist, als dass man es zu einem langen Spektrum auseinanderziehen könnte. Die H- und K-Linie des Kalziums kann man aber noch trennen. Auch erkennt man die G-Bande des Eisens und einige Wasserstofflinien […]

Nebelspektren fallen durch die seltsame Tatsache auf, dass ihre Linien nicht die Lage [bezüglich der Wellenlänge] zeigen, wie man sie bei nahen Lichtquellen beobachtet. Wie man durch geeignete Vergleichsspektren beobachtet hat, sind sie ins Rote verschoben. Die Verschiebungen, die man als Rotverschiebung bezeichnet, nehmen im Durchschnitt mit abnehmender scheinbarer Helligkeit zu. Da die scheinbare Helligkeit [annähernd] die Entfernung misst, so folgt, dass die Rotverschiebungen mit der Entfernung zunimmt. Eingehendere Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die Beziehung linear ist. […] Bei dieser Auffassung nimmt man also an, dass sich die Nebel von unserem Raumteil mit Geschwindigkeiten entfernen, die ihrer Entfernung proportional sind […]

Würdigungen
 1927 wurde Edwin Hubble in die National Academy of Sciences gewählt.
 1929 Wahl zum Mitglied der American Philosophical Society.
 1935 wurde ihm die Barnard-Medaille verliehen.
 1940 wurde er mit der Goldmedaille der Royal Astronomical Society ausgezeichnet.
 1949 Aufnahme als korrespondierendes Mitglied in die Académie des sciences.
 Die bekannteste Benennung ist das Hubble-Weltraumteleskop (HST), das in 550 km Höhe um die Erde kreist. Durch von der Erdatmosphäre ungestörte Beobachtungsmöglichkeiten können CCD-Sensoren feinste Details der Planeten, Sternsysteme und Nebel aufnehmen.
 Ebenfalls nach ihm sind der Mondkrater Hubble und der Asteroid (2069) Hubble benannt.
 Seit 2003 trägt der Mount Hubble in der Antarktis seinen Namen.

Literatur
 Alexander S. Sharov, Igor D. Novikov: Edwin Hubble. Der Mann, der den Urknall entdeckte. Basel, 1994, ISBN 3-7643-5008-3.
 Harry Nussbaumer: Achtzig Jahre expandierendes Universum. Sterne und Weltraum 46(6), S. 36–44 (2007), .
 Edwin Hubble, "Measuring Stars". In: Kendall Haven, Donna Clark: 100 Most Popular Scientists for Young Adults: Biographical Sketches and Professional Paths, Libraries Unlimited, Englewood 1999, ISBN 978-1-56308-674-8, S. 291–295

Weblinks

 Veröffentlichungen von E. Hubble im Astrophysics Data System
 Nachrufe auf E. Hubble im Astrophysics Data System
 Chr. Pinter: . In: WienerZeitung.at.
 Edwin Hubble und die Hubblekonstante. Eine Projektarbeit am Carl-Zeiss-Gymnasium Spezi in Jena/Thüringen.

Anmerkungen

Astronom (20. Jahrhundert)
Träger der Medal for Merit
Träger des Ordens Legion of Merit
Mitglied der National Academy of Sciences
Mitglied der American Philosophical Society
Korrespondierendes Mitglied der Académie des sciences
Person als Namensgeber für einen Asteroiden
Person als Namensgeber für einen Mondkrater
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1889
Gestorben 1953
Mann
Kosmologe (20. Jahrhundert)


text:
Alexandra "Sasha" Barrese (* 24. April 1981 in Maui, Hawaii) ist eine US-amerikanische Schauspielerin, die durch die Rolle der Sally Franklin in der US-Sitcom Run of the House bekannt wurde, die auf dem US-Sender The WB ausgestrahlt wurde.

Leben
Barrese wurde im Jahr 1981 als Tochter des US-amerikanischen Models Katherine Barrese, die außerdem noch als Schauspielerin tätig war, in Maui, Hawaii, geboren. Bis zu ihrem siebten Lebensjahr lebte sie zusammen mit ihrer Mutter in Paris, bevor sie in die USA umzogen. Weil sie mit ihrer Mutter, während sie noch in Frankreich lebte, bereits zu einigen Foto-Shootings reiste, konnte Barrese bereits in jungen Jahren Erfahrung im Showgeschäft sammeln. Bereits mit acht Jahren hatte sie, gemeinsam mit ihrer Mutter, ihre erste Filmrolle im amerikanischen Filmdrama Homer und Eddie.

Die beiden waren auch in den kommenden Jahren immer wieder zusammen zu sehen, wie z. B. als die jüngere und ältere Version des Charakters Jezebel im Film Jezebel's Kiss. Die 1,74 m große Barrese, die aufgrund ihrer Karriere während der Kindheit und während ihrer Jugend bereits 15 Schulen besuchte, verschwand anschließend vorübergehend aus dem Filmgeschäft, bevor sie mit einer Nebenrolle in der überaus erfolgreichen Komödie American Pie – Wie ein heißer Apfelkuchen im Jahr 1999 zurückkehrte.

Seitdem war sie in einigen Kinofilmen und Fernsehserien zu sehen, u. a. hatte sie zwischen 2003 und 2004 eine Hauptrolle in der auf The WB in den USA ausgestrahlten, und inzwischen abgesetzten Sitcom Run of the House, in der sie den Charakter der Sally Franklin verkörperte. Nach einer kleinen Nebenrolle in der Komödie Hangover spielte sie 2010 außerdem im Horrorfilm Let Me In mit.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1989: Homer und Eddie (Homer and Eddie)
 1990: Jezebel's Kiss
 1999: American Pie – Wie ein heißer Apfelkuchen
 1999: Das Leben und Ich (Boy Meets World, Fernsehserie)
 2000: Dropping Out
 2000: Hellraiser V – Inferno (Hellraiser: Inferno)
 2001: Natürlich blond (Legally Blonde)
 2002: Paranormal Girl
 2002: Ring (The Ring)
 2002: Just Shoot Me – Redaktion durchgeknipst (Fernsehserie)
 2003–2004: Run of the House (Fernsehserie)
 2004–2005: LAX (Fernsehserie)
 2006: CSI: Miami (Fernsehserie)
 2007: Drive (Fernsehserie)
 2007: Full Dress
 2007: Carpoolers (Fernsehserie)
 2007: Supernatural (Fernsehserie)
 2009: Hangover (The Hangover)
 2010: Let Me In
 2011: Hangover 2 (The Hangover: Part II)
 2012: Leverage (Fernsehserie, Staffel 4, Folge 16)
 2013: Hangover 3 (The Hangover: Part III)

Weblinks

Filmschauspieler
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1981
Frau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Les "Quatre synagogues séfarades" sont situées dans le Quartier juif de la vieille ville de Jérusalem. Elles forment un ensemble de quatre synagogues juxtaposées, construites à différentes époques pour les besoins de la communauté séfarade. Dans chaque synagogue les offices sont pratiqués selon un rite différent.

Après la fermeture de la synagogue Ramban, ordonnée par le sultan ottoman Murad III en 1589, il n'existe plus de lieu de prière juif à Jérusalem, et les Juifs, dont beaucoup descendent d'immigrants provenant d'Espagne après leur expulsion en 1492, sont obligés de prier en privé dans leurs propres maisons. Au début du , s'ouvre une nouvelle synagogue dénommée synagogue Yohanan ben Zakkaï.

En 1835 Méhémet Ali, vice-roi d'Égypte, qui à cette époque dirige la Palestine et Jérusalem, autorise la remise en état des synagogues, ce qui était interdit depuis leur construction. À l'entrée de la synagogue Istanbuli, une plaque commémorative rappelle cette restauration.

Après la chute du Quartier juif lors de la guerre israélo-arabe de 1948-1949, les synagogues sont brûlées, désacralisées et transformées en écuries. Les synagogues seront restaurées par l'architecte Dan Tanai après la guerre des Six Jours.

Synagogue Yohanan ben Zakkaï

Selon la légende, la synagogue Yohanan Ben-Zakai (en hébreu בית הכנסת יוחנן בן זכאי), aussi connue sous le nom de Kahal Kadosh Gadol, serait située à l'endroit du Beth Midrash (maison d'études) du tanna Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkaï, qui établit le Sanhédrin à Yavné après la destruction du Second Temple de Jérusalem par les Romains. Le bâtiment actuel a été construit au début du .

Un bout de terrain situé en contrebas de la rue fut choisi pour édifier la synagogue, afin de dissimuler le bâtiment aux autorités. Cependant Meir Ben Dov soutient qu'à l'époque, le niveau de la rue était plus bas, et que la synagogue devait automatiquement être visible de la rue. Avec le temps, les constructions aux alentours de la synagogue ont été démolies, et de nouvelles maisons furent construites sur leurs ruines, tandis que la synagogue a été préservée. Ce cycle a continué jusqu'à nos jours, si bien que la synagogue se trouve maintenant au-dessous du niveau de la rue. Bien que la construction ait été autorisée par les autorités turques, le bâtiment devait cependant être conforme aux restrictions imposées par les musulmans aux maisons de prière des dhimmis, et ne pas être plus haut que les mosquées.

Située dans le vieux Quartier juif de Jérusalem, la synagogue a subi, pendant les  sous contrôle jordanien, le même sort que la plupart des synagogues. Après la guerre des Six Jours et le reprise de contrôle de la Vieille ville par Israël, elle a été entièrement rénovée. Ce travail de restauration a été initié par Yehuda Getz, rabbin du Mur des Lamentations qui a aussi restauré la synagogue Beit El.

Synagogue Istanbuli

La communauté séfarade de Jérusalem se développe et dès 1764, un groupe important d'immigrants provenant d'Istanbul en Turquie utilise un bâtiment adjacent comme synagogue. Avec le temps, la Synagogue Istanbuli (en hébreu: בית הכנסת האיסטנבולי) attire aussi des fidèles de communautés d'Asie centrale, comme du Kurdistan ou d'Afrique du Nord et d'Afrique de l'Ouest. La synagogue Istanbuli est maintenant utilisée par des Juifs espagnols et portugais suivant pour l'essentiel le rite de Londres.

L'Arche saint date du  et provient d'une synagogue détruite à Ancône (Italie).  La bimah, construite au  provient d'une synagogue de Pesaro, également en Italie. La synagogue a été rénovée en 1836.

Pendant la guerre israélo-arabe de 1948-1949, la synagogue a été occupée par les Arabes et quand Israël reprit le contrôle de la Vieille ville de Jérusalem après la guerre des Six Jours, la synagogue a été complètement restaurée.

La synagogue Istanbuli est la plus grande des quatre synagogues séfarades et est utilisée lors des cérémonies d'installation du Grand-Rabbin séfarade d'Israël.

Synagogue Eliyahou Hanavi
Cette autre synagogue date du  et a été nommé d'après le prophète Élie.  Cette synagogue est la plus vieille des quatre. La synagogue Eliyahou Hanavi sert principalement comme Beth Midrash (maison d'études) pour l'étude   de la Torah. Aussi connue sous le nom de Kahal Talmud Torah, elle n'est utilisée pour les prières que lors des jours fêtes. Selon la légende, le nom de la synagogue fut donné à la suite d'un événement qui se produisit un jour de Yom Kippour. Il manquait alors une personne pour obtenir le miniane (quorum de dix hommes adultes) nécessaire pour les prières. Tout à coup, un homme inconnu des fidèles apparut et l'office pu commencer. L'homme disparut après la prière de Né'ila, qui marque la fin de Yom Kippour, aussi mystérieusement qu'il était apparu. Les gens furent persuadés que l'homme était le prophète Élie lui-même.

Synagogue Emtsai
La Synagogue Emtsai ou Synagogue du milieu, (en hébreu: בית הכנסת האמצעי), aussi connue sous le nom de Synagogue Kahal Tzion, se situe dans la partie centrale de ce complexe. Initialement, c'était la cour de la synagogue Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkaï, où se trouvait la section réservée aux femmes. Durant la fête de Souccot (fête des Tabernacles), elle était convertie en Soukka pour les fidèles.

Avec l'accroissement de la communauté, il fut décidé au milieu du  de recouvrir la cour d'un toit. Située au milieu des trois autres synagogues, elle prit rapidement le nom de synagogue du milieu.

Notes

Références

Liens externes
  (en): "Le conseil séfarade de Jérusalem pour les Quatre synagogues"
  (he): Batei HaKnesset HaSephardim B'Yerushalayim
  (he):
  (en): The Spanish & Portuguese Congregation in Israel (Congregation Sha'are Ratzon)

Synagogue à Jérusalem
Vieille ville de Jérusalem


text:
Athyrma adjutrix är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Stoll 1780. Athyrma adjutrix ingår i släktet Athyrma och familjen nattflyn. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Nattflyn
adjutrix


text:
Wilfried Guemiand Bony (born 10 December 1988) is an Ivorian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Bolivian Primera División club Always Ready.

Having begun his career at Issia Wazi, Bony moved to Sparta Prague in 2007, helping them to the Czech First League title in 2009–10. In January 2011, he was signed by Dutch club Vitesse, where he was the top scorer in the Eredivisie in 2012–13, leading to a £12 million transfer to Premier League club Swansea City. Bony scored 35 goals in 70 appearances for the Swans and in January 2015, joined Manchester City in a £28 million deal. However, Bony struggled for match-time at Manchester City, and following the arrival of Pep Guardiola in mid-2016, he joined Stoke City on loan for the 2016–17 season. Bony returned to Swansea on 31 August 2017. After his loan spell with Al-Arabi, he was released by Swansea in May 2019 to leave on 30 June. In 2020 he signed a year and a half contract with Al-Ittihad, but in a mutual agreement with the club he left after playing ten games in the ten months with the team.

Internationally, Bony made his debut for Ivory Coast, in 2010, and was selected in the squads for the 2014 FIFA World Cup and three Africa Cup of Nations tournaments, helping them to victory in 2015.

Early life
Wilfried Bony was born in Bingerville and played street football from a young age, later playing at the Maracanã Bingerville football school. He also participated in many interschool and city cups, before spending three years at the Cyril Domoraud Academy in Bingerville.

Club career

Issia Wazi
Bony began his professional career at Issia Wazi in the Ivorian top flight and ended the 2007 season as top goalscorer.

Sparta Prague
Bony had a two-week trial at Premier League club Liverpool in 2007 but was not offered a contract. In October 2007, Bony joined Czech club Sparta Prague on a loan deal where he immediately started playing for their B team. He won the Bohemian Football League championship with Sparta Prague B. Bony then joined the club on a permanent basis and broke into the first team in the 2008–09 season, scoring 3 goals in 16 appearances. In 2009–10, he scored nine times as Sparta won the Czech First League title. After scoring 17 goals during the first half of the 2010–11 season, including five goals in six appearances in the UEFA Europa League, Bony was signed by Dutch Eredivisie club Vitesse in January 2011 for a £3.4 million transfer fee.

Vitesse

Bony signed a three-and-a-half-year contract with Vitesse and scored on his debut in a 2–0 derby win over De Graafschap on 20 February 2011. In his first full season with Vitesse, Bony scored 12 goals in the Eredivisie, earning the top goalscoring honours for the club and was tied for tenth-highest scorer in the league. In February 2012, he signed a contract extension which would have kept him at the club until 2015, also ending transfer speculation.

Bony made his first appearance of the 2012–13 Eredivisie campaign for Vitesse on 12 August 2012 in a 2–2 draw with ADO Den Haag at the GelreDome, equalizing for the hosts less than a minute after Tjaronn Chery had put ADO in front. Bony then scored a 90th-minute winner over Feyenoord on 2 September to earn the club its third win from its first four league matches. On 6 October, he scored a hat-trick as Vitesse came back from a goal down three times to draw 3–3 with Heerenveen.

During Vitesse's 2–0 upset of Ajax on 4 November, Bony scored both goals, helping Vitesse to six away wins in a row and the club's first win at the Amsterdam Arena since 2001. He added two more goals to his account in Vitesse's 4–1 defeat of NEC on 18 November, earning Vitesse just their second home win of the season as NEC had three players sent off. On 25 November, Vitesse travelled to Eindhoven to face league leaders PSV; Bony scored a late winner to put Vitesse on 31 points, level with second-placed Twente.

On 9 February 2013, Bony returned from his participation in the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations to face PSV and once again scored twice, securing a 2–2 draw. On 23 February, Bony scored a hat-trick to send Vitesse to a 5–3 victory over Heracles Almelo. On 15 April, he scored for the ninth consecutive match in a 3–3 draw with Roda JC. Bony ended the season as the Eredivisie's top scorer with 31 goals in 30 matches and was awarded the Golden Shoe for the best player in the Netherlands.

Swansea City
On 11 July 2013, Bony signed a four-year contract with Welsh side Swansea City, who paid a Welsh record transfer fee of £12 million. Bony's work permit was delayed briefly, but was granted three days later. He made his competitive debut for Swansea in the club's UEFA Europa League third qualifying round tie against Malmö FF, scoring two second-half goals in a 4–0 first-leg victory on 1 August.

The BBC listed Bony as one of the Premier League signings to watch for the 2013–14 Premier League. In the opening match of the 2013–14 season on 17 August, Bony scored his first goal for the club in a 1–4 loss against Manchester United. Shortly after, Bony scored his first goal for Swansea in a UEFA competition, in the first leg of the Europa League qualification round against Romanian side Petrolul Ploiești in a 5–1 win. He then scored a brace in Swansea's 3–3 draw with Stoke City in November. In the third round of the FA Cup, Bony scored a 90th-minute header against Manchester United to send Swansea through to the next round in what was Swansea's first-ever win at Old Trafford. After scoring in a 3–1 win at Sunderland on the final day of the Premier League season, he finished 2013–14 having scored 25 goals.

On 20 September 2014, Bony was sent off in the first half of a 1–0 home defeat to Southampton. He scored his first goal of the season on 4 October in a 2–2 draw against Newcastle United. On 25 October, Bony scored both goals as Swansea defeated Leicester City 2–0, taking him to a total of 20 Premier League goals for Swansea, drawing him level alongside former teammate Michu as the club's all-time leading Premier League goalscorer. With 20 goals, Bony was the Premier League's top scorer in the calendar year of 2014.

Manchester City
On 14 January 2015, Bony signed a four-and-a-half-year deal with fellow Premier League club Manchester City. The two teams agreed an initial transfer fee of £25 million, which could rise to £28 million, which would then make him the most expensive African footballer at that time. Bony was included in his new club's squad for the knockout stages of the UEFA Champions League, at the expense of Stevan Jovetić.

After winning the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations, Bony made his Manchester City debut on 21 February, replacing Sergio Agüero for the last 30 minutes of a 5–0 win over Newcastle United at the City of Manchester Stadium. On 21 March 2015, Bony registered his first league goal with City in a 3–0 home win over West Bromwich Albion, scoring the first of the team's three goals. He scored his second goal for the club as a late substitute in a 4–2 win at his former club Swansea on 17 May.

In the middle of 2015, Bony contracted malaria, which hampered his pre-season preparations. Bony was selected to start in Manchester City's opening match of the 2015–16 Premier League season, away to West Brom. He was on the pitch for 63 minutes before being substituted for Sergio Agüero as the team won 3–0 at The Hawthorns. On 17 October 2015, Bony scored his first two goals of the season as Manchester City defeated AFC Bournemouth 5–1 at the City of Manchester Stadium. He followed this up with his first Champions League goal in a 3–1 away victory against Sevilla on 3 November 2015.

On 8 December, Bony appeared as a 65th-minute substitute for Fabian Delph in City's final fixture of the Champions League group stage, against Borussia Mönchengladbach. He helped turn a 2–1 deficit into a 4–2 win, assisting two goals for Raheem Sterling before scoring the fourth goal, ensuring City overtook Juventus in the group standings. In the 2016 Football League Cup Final he came on as a substitute as Manchester City defeated Liverpool on penalties. Bony scored 8 goals in 34 appearances in 2015–16. Following the arrival of Pep Guardiola as manager, Bony was made available for transfer.

Loan to Stoke City
On 31 August 2016, Bony signed for Stoke City on a season-long loan deal. He made his debut for Stoke on 10 September against Tottenham Hotspur. After going seven matches without a goal, he scored twice in a 3–1 victory over Swansea on 31 October. In January 2017, Bony went away to play for Ivory Coast in the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations; he also turned down a transfer to a Chinese club. On his return to Stoke, Bony was omitted from the squad by manager Mark Hughes, which Bony described as a "crazy situation".

Return to Swansea
However, on 31 August 2017, Bony re-signed for Swansea City on a two-year deal, with Swansea paying a £12 million transfer fee. He assumed the number 2 shirt. Bony scored his first Premier League goal of the season against his former club Stoke City on 2 December 2017. A week later, he captained Swansea to a 1–0 win against West Bromwich Albion, scoring his first home goal at the Liberty Stadium since leaving the club. After that, both the player and the club struggled for goalscoring form. His last match in a Swansea shirt was in a 1–1 draw away to Leicester when he sustained an ankle injury. The club were relegated from the Premier League after a 2–1 defeat against his former and already-relegated side Stoke City. He moved on loan to Qatari side Al-Arabi in January 2019.

Swansea confirmed on 18 May 2019 that he would be released upon expiration of his contract. After being released by Swansea, he began training with Newport County in August 2019.

Al-Ittihad
On 28 January 2020, Al-Ittihad signed Bony to a one and a half year contract.

On 1 November, Bony announced on his Instagram account that he and the club had come a mutual agreement to terminate his contract after 10 months at the club.

NEC Nijmegen
On 26 January 2022, after being without a club for over a year, Bony returned to the Netherlands to join Eredivisie club NEC Nijmegen on a deal until the end of the season. He only made one 15-minute substitute appearance for NEC and was unavailable due to injuries in most of the league games.

Always Ready
On 11 February 2023, he signed Bolivian Primera División club Club Always Ready, becoming the first Ivorian to play professionally in Bolivia.

International career

In late 2010, Bony was called up by Ivory Coast and made his debut in a 1–0 away victory against Burundi, where he came on as a substitute in the 80th minutes for Gervinho.

2012 Africa Cup of Nations
On 30 January 2012, Bony scored the second goal in the Ivory Coast's 2–0 win over Angola in the third game of the group stages of the African Cup of Nations.

2014 FIFA World Cup
Bony was included in the Ivory Coast's 23-man squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. In their first group match, against Japan, he scored the equalising goal with a header after a cross from Serge Aurier. Ivory Coast eventually won 2–1. Against Greece in the final match of the group stages, Bony came on as a substitute in the second half to score the equalising goal before the Ivory Coast lost via an injury time penalty.

2015 Africa Cup of Nations
In a quarter-final 3–1 win over Algeria, Bony scored two headers, one from a Max Gradel cross and the second from a Yaya Touré free-kick. In the final's penalty shoot-out, he took the Ivory Coast's first attempt and hit the crossbar, although his team eventually triumphed.

Personal life
Bony's father's name is Amedee Shemiz Bony. Wilfried Bony speaks fluent French, English and Czech.

Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Ivory Coast's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Bony goal.

Honours
Sparta Prague
Czech First League: 2009–10

Manchester City
Football League Cup: 2015–16

Ivory Coast
Africa Cup of Nations: 2015

Individual
 Eredivisie top scorer: 2012–13
 Dutch Footballer of the Year: 2012–13
 Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament: 2015

References

External links

Sparta Prague profile
Swansea City A.F.C. Profile

1988 births
Living people
People from Bingerville
Ivorian footballers
Association football forwards
Issia Wazy players
AC Sparta Prague players
SBV Vitesse players
Swansea City A.F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Stoke City F.C. players
Al-Arabi SC (Qatar) players
Ittihad FC players
NEC Nijmegen players
Club Always Ready players
Czech First League players
Eredivisie players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Qatar Stars League players
Saudi Professional League players
Bolivian Primera División players
Ivory Coast international footballers
2012 Africa Cup of Nations players
2013 Africa Cup of Nations players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
2015 Africa Cup of Nations players
2017 Africa Cup of Nations players
2019 Africa Cup of Nations players
Africa Cup of Nations-winning players
Ivorian expatriate footballers
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in the Czech Republic
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in Wales
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in England
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Expatriate footballers in the Czech Republic
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate footballers in Wales
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Qatar
Expatriate footballers in Saudi Arabia
Expatriate footballers in Bolivia


text:
Pleurothallis uninervia är en orkidéart som beskrevs av Carlyle August Luer och Dodson. Pleurothallis uninervia ingår i släktet Pleurothallis och familjen orkidéer.

Artens utbredningsområde är Ecuador. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Orkidéer
uninervia


text:
Salmagundi; or The Whim-whams and Opinions of Launcelot Langstaff, Esq. & Others war eine satirische Zeitschrift, die in den Jahren 1807/08 in New York erschien. Sie wurde von Washington Irving, seinem Bruder William Irving sowie James Kirke Paulding gegründet; die drei verfassten unter zahlreichen wechselnden Pseudonymen auch sämtliche Beiträge. Von dem Magazin erschienen zwischen dem 24. Januar 1807 und dem 15. Januar 1808 in unregelmäßigen Abständen insgesamt 20 Nummern.

Inhalte

Ursprünglich war das Heft als Parodie auf ein anderes New Yorker Magazin angelegt, The Town, das sich die Verbesserung der Sittlichkeit auf die Fahnen geschrieben hatte. Im ersten Heft entwarfen die drei Autoren von Salmagundi ihre Herausgeberfiktion; zu jedem Pseudonym entwarfen sie eine passende Persönlichkeit. In diesem ersten Heft besteht die Redaktion noch aus drei Hagestolzen: als vorgeblicher Herausgeber fungiert "Launcelot Langstaff", das Gesellschaftressort überträgt er an "Anthony Evergreen" und als Theaterkritiker erscheint "Will Wizard". Da die Irvings und Paulding die mit der Zeit immer zahlreicher werdenden Pseudonyme auch untereinander teilten, kann die Autorschaft mancher Artikel bis heute nicht zweifelsfrei festgestellt werden.

In ihren Artikeln machten sich die drei über die Moden und das gesellschaftliche Treiben New Yorks, insbesondere der höheren Zirkel der Stadt, lustig. Die Zielscheiben ihres Spotts waren oft stadtweit bekannte Persönlichkeiten, nur notdürftig unter falschen Namen vorgestellt, so dass das eingeweihte New Yorker Lesepublikum kaum Mühe hatte, die Anspielungen zu entschlüsseln. Da die Autoren in der zu dieser Zeit außerordentlich verworrenen New Yorker Lokalpolitik auch durchaus politisch positioniert waren, gingen sie ihre politischen Gegner mit besonderer Schärfe an. Dies traf insbesondere die ebenso weitverzweigte wie einflussreiche Livingston-Familie mit ihrem Patriarchen Robert R. Livingston, die in den Seiten von Salmagundi als der Cockloft-Clan bezeichnet und in fast jeder Nummer karikiert werden.

1819 versuchte Paulding, die Zeitschrift wiederzubeleben. Nach elf Nummern gab er den Versuch – nunmehr im Alleingang von ihm verfasst – jedoch wieder auf.

Ausgaben
Salmagundi, 1807–1808
 Washington Irving: Letters of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent./Salmagundi. Twayne, Boston 1977, ISBN 0-8057-8509-4. [=Band 6 von Henry A. Pochmann et al. (Hg.): The Complete Works of Washington Irving. 30 Bände. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison/Twayne, Boston 1969–1986.]
 Washington Irving: Salmagundi. R. F. Fenno & Co, New York 1900 (Digitalisat beim Internet Archive).

Salmagundi, Second Series, 1819–1820
 James Kirke Paulding: Salmagundi: Second Series. 2 Bände. Harper & Brothers, New York 1835 (Digitalisate beim Internet Archive: Band 1, Band 2)

Sekundärliteratur
 Mary Weatherspoon Bowden: Cocklofts and Slang-Whangers: The Historical Sources of Washington Irving's Salmagundi. In: New York History 61:2, 1980. S. 133–160.
 Mary Weatherspoon Bowden: Washington Irving. Twayne, Boston 1981, S. 20–28.
 Bruce Granger: American Essay Serials from Franklin to Irving. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville 1978.
 Simone Hagenmeyer: Washington Irving und der periodical essay des 18. Jahrhunderts: The Letters of Jonathan Oldstyle, Salmagundi und The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon als abweichende Antworten auf britische Schreibgewohnheiten. Cuvillier, Göttingen 2000.  ISBN 3-89712-997-3
 Martha Hartzog Stocker: Salmagundi: Problems in Editing the So-Called First Edition (1807-08). In: PBSA, S. 141–58.
 Stanley T. Williams: The Life of Washington Irving. Oxford University Press, New York 1935, Bd. 1, S. 74–107.

Werk von Washington Irving
Satirezeitschrift
Antiquarische Zeitschrift (Vereinigte Staaten)
Literatur (Englisch)
Literatur (19. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Vereinigte Staaten)
Zeitschrift (New York City)
Ersterscheinung 1807
Erscheinen eingestellt 1808


text:
Harry Lehmann (21 March 1924 in Güstrow22 November 1998 in Hamburg) was a German physicist.

Biography
Lehmann studied physics at Rostock and the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.

In 1952 he worked at the Max-Planck-Institut in Göttingen, and spent a year in Copenhagen and from 1956 worked in Hamburg.

In 1967 he won the Max Planck Medal  for extraordinary achievements in theoretical physics. It is awarded annually by the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft ().

The 'L' in the LSZ reduction formula refers to Harry Lehmann.

See also
 Källén–Lehmann spectral representation

Notes

References
Karl von Meyenn (ed.), Wolfgang Pauli. Wissenschaftlicher Briefwechsel, Vol. IV, Part III, Briefwechsel 1955/56, Springer Verlag, p. 68ff, Wolfhart Zimmermann Harry Lehmann, der Feldverein und die Anfänge der axiomatischen Quantenfeldtheorie (Hamburg 1999)

1924 births
1998 deaths
20th-century German physicists
People from Güstrow
Winners of the Max Planck Medal
Academic staff of the University of Hamburg
University of Rostock alumni
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni


text:
Frank Sheridan may refer to:
 Frank Sheridan (actor) (1869–1943), American actor
 Frank Sheridan (pianist) (1898–1962), American classical pianist


text:
O Museu Municipal de Fotografia João Carpinteiro é um museu de fotografia situado na cidade portuguesa de Elvas no Distrito de Portalegre.

Instalações
Fica no no antigo edifício do Cinema Central.
Possui salas de exposição, nomeadamente a sala da História da Fotografia, a sala do Coleccionador e a sala da Colecção.

Possui também um laboratório para revelação de fotografias a preto e branco e uma pequena biblioteca com temática da fotografia.

O banco de imagens  conta com cerca de 2750 fotografias (digitalizadas) de Elvas Militar, Religiosa, Monumental e de outras actividades e eventos ligados a cidade.

Funcionamento

Não fica aberto nos dias: 1 de Janeiro, Domingos de Páscoa, 1 de Maio e 25 de Dezembro.

Municipal Joao Carpinteiro
Museus de Elvas
Museus fundados em 2003
Fundações em Portugal em 2003


text:
Луций Вителий (; * 16; † 69) e политик на Римската империя и брат на император Авъл Вителий.

Биография
Той е син на Луций Вителий и Секстилия. Женен е за Юния Калвина, потомка на Август, от която през 49 г. се развежда, за да се ожени за Триария.

През юли – декември 48 г. Луций e суфектконсул заедно с Месала Випстан Гал на мястото на брат си по-късният император Авъл Вителий. През 61/62 г. става проконсул на провинция Африка.

През 69 г. той е в Рим и придружава с други сенатори император Отон в Мутина. След битката при Бедриакум, при която Авъл Вителей побеждава Отон (14 април 69 г.), Луций отива бързо от Бонония в Лугдунум, където се намира брат му. Луций помага на брат си по време на неговото господство. Луций е изпратен в Кампания, където обсажда и унищожава Тарачина. Брат му Авъл е смъкнат от трона и убит. Луций тръгва към Рим и в Бовиле е заловен и по-късно по нареждане на Веспасиан убит.

Литература
 Steven H. Rutledge: Imperial inquisitions. Prosecutors and informants from Tiberius to Domitian. Routledge, London 2001, ISBN 0-415-23700-9, S. 288 – 290.
 Gerhard Winkler: Vitellius. In: Der Kleine Pauly (KlP). Band 5, Stuttgart 1975, Sp. 1306 – 1307.

Източници

 Тацит, Annales

Имперски римски консули
Вителии


text:
Pedro Bernardo es una villa y municipio español perteneciente a la provincia de Ávila, en la comunidad autónoma de Castilla y León. Cuenta con una población de .

Símbolos
El escudo heráldico y la bandera que representan al municipio fueron aprobados el . El escudo se blasona de la siguiente manera:

La descripción de la bandera es la siguiente:

Geografía

Situado en la provincia de Ávila, el municipio de Pedro Bernardo se encuentra enclavado en el fértil valle del Tiétar, en la ladera sur del risco de la Sierpe en las estribaciones del sector oriental de la Sierra de Gredos, desde donde domina una panorámica del valle y de los Montes de Toledo. Es por ello que se le conoce como Mirador o Balcón del Tiétar.

La localidad está situada a 801  y se encuentra 9 km de Lanzahíta —que es el pueblo más cercano dentro del Valle del Tiétar—, a 30 km de Arenas de San Pedro, a 108 km de Ávila y a 125 km de Madrid.

Pedro Bernardo limita al norte con Serranillos, al este con Gavilanes, al sur con Buenaventura —cuyos términos quedan demarcados por las orillas del río Tiétar—, al suroeste con Lanzahíta y al noroeste con San Esteban del Valle.

Esta demarcación territorial data del , cuando Pedro Bernardo obtuvo su independencia del yugo feudal del Estado de Mombeltrán. Se conserva en la carta de villazgo la narración del deslinde y amojonamiento, que nos deja un término municipal muy similar al originario. A finales del  (década de los 90) se desligó una parte del territorio con la vecina localidad de Lanzahíta en la zona suroeste de la jurisdicción de Pedro Bernardo, por la que parte de los parajes forestales y agrícolas de Macapillo, La Llanaílla y San Juan de Lanzahíta (entre otros) pasaron a pertenecer a la jurisdicción lanzahiteña.

Altitudes
 Ayuntamiento: 806
 Risco de Miravalles: ~2100
 Garganta de La Eliza: ~400

Historia

Se encuentra enclavado en las estribaciones del macizo Oriental de la Sierra de Gredos y popularmente se le conoce como el Balcón del Tiétar, ya que su topografía permite que desde las calles que la estructuran y evocan su pasado medieval, se alcancen, las más singulares perspectivas de los Montes de Toledo y del curso del Valle del río Tiétar.

La existencia de Monumentos megalíticos dentro del término municipal revela la presencia de asentamiento humanos en la zona en tiempos prehistóricos.

Las primeras referencias históricas al municipio se remiten al  de la mano de Fr. Diego de Jesús, natural de la localidad, en su obra Historia de la antigua fundación é cosas memorables del lugar de Nava la Solana, refiriéndose al encargo que el Rey Alfonso XI hizo n el s. XIV a Gil Blázquez, de reparar y repoblar aquella localidad levantadas por Blasco Gimeno el Chico, siguiendo órdenes del concejo abulense en los inicios del .

El propio título de la obra de Diego de Jesús, con el nombre originario de la localidad «Nava de la Solana» que fuera posteriormente abandonado a favor del de «Pedro Bernardo», según parte de la doctrina como consecuencia de la conciliación entre dos importantes cabecillas de la contienda entre habitantes originarios y los más posteriores repobladores de origen leonés; Pedro Fernández y Bernardo Manso en el . No obstante, está teoría ha sido recientemente puesta en tela de juicio por el historiador Juan Antonio Chavarría que afirma que el municipio aparece ya con el apelativo de "Pero Bernaldo" en Libro de la Montería de 1348.

La historia de Pedro Bernardo tiene un importante hito en 1679 cuando el rey Carlos II concedió al municipio el título de villa logrando sus habitantes su objetivo de independizarse administrativamente de la villa de Mombeltrán.

El  comprende uno de los períodos de mayor crecimiento demográfico, recibiendo importantes flujos migratorios. Así, atraídos por el clima y las posibilidades de desarrollo que ofrecían las riquezas de la zona, Pedro Bernardo se vio favorecido por la llegada de familias procedentes de Galicia (principalmente de la zona de Lugo y Orense), y en menor medida de comarcas limítrofes: las Tierras de Talavera, el norte de La Mancha, la Campana de Oropesa, Tierra de Guadalupe y Villuercas, o los valles extremeños de Ibores, de la Vera y del Jerte. También procedían de algunos pueblos serranos de la actual provincia de Ávila. En consecuencia, el XVIII es uno de los períodos de mayor auge de la economía local, ya que el crecimiento demográfico y, por ende, el urbanístico, se hicieron notar en la economía cucharera.

Algunos barrios, como el de Los Adobes, fueron ampliados a lo largo del  como atestiguan la mayoría de las fechas grabadas en alguna de las piedras de las casas. También así lo apunta Juan González Robles Villanueva, que erigió la casa-curato en 1721 detrás de la iglesia parroquial y relató con gran detalle una buena descripción del estado de las distintas barriadas de la Villa. Otra prueba más del auge de la economía y de la población de la villa se refleja en las fervientes actuaciones de ampliación y mejora del templo parroquial, a menudo sufragadas por los crecientes pobladores del lugar. En esta época se instalan también la mayoría de las industrias de la villa: molinos aceiteros y harineros, fábricas de paños, batanes, telares y otros artesanatos.

Tras el aumento poblacional del , venía por delante un fructífero , que sabría dar buen uso a la herencia de los primeros emprendedores industriales del XVIII, ampliando incluso las edificaciones anteriores y creando otras nuevas, como el horno de pan que ocupa hoy una de las posadas de Pedro Bernardo. En el XIX se mejoran algunas infraestructuras de comunicación y se trazan proyectos que, de haberse culminado, hubieran dado por fruto un Valle del Tiétar más desarrollado que el que conocemos, como el proyectado y nunca ejecutado ferrocarril que uniría Madrid con la Tierra de Plasencia.

Uno de los personajes que más contribuyó al desarrollo de Pedro Bernardo en el  sería Rufino Martín-Romero, autor de la valiosa «Reseña Histórica de la Villa de Pedro Bernardo» (1899), quien tras la desamortización de Madoz y Mendizábal promovió la recuperación de las dehesas boyales para el común, mediante la recaudación de una pequeña (o gran) aportación pecuniaria a los vecinos con la que se encargó de comprar la dehesa a los terratenientes catalanes que la poseían, devolviendo estas tierras a todo el pueblo de Pedro Bernardo para el uso de sus pastos y tierras de labranza. Hasta hoy ha perdurado este régimen de propiedad común, de donde se dice aquello de que «todos los de Pedro Bernardo tienen un trozo de tierra en la Dehesa».

Demografía
El municipio tiene 69,01 km² de extensión, y, según el Instituto Nacional de Estadística, la población censada de este a 1 de enero de  es de  habitantes.

Economía

Agricultura
La agricultura local siempre fue rica en especies y en calidades, debido a las condiciones microclimáticas y a la fertilidad del suelo. La configuración climática y edafológica de Pedro Bernardo permiten el desarrollo de cultivos que van desde el agrícola subtropical hasta el forestal atlántico.

Destaca como principal la higuera, con el higo mirlo o "cuello de dama" como variedad destacada. Otras de las variedades autóctonas es la higuera sayuela.

Las viñas de uva ligeruela se restringen a la producción doméstica de vino. De su fermentación se obtiene el vino ligeruelo.

Igualmente es importante la industria olivarera de Pedro Bernardo. De su aceituna cornatilla, albar y reondilla, se obtiene el aceite de oliva virgen extra.

Aunque estos cultivos de la vid, el olivo, y la higuera son los más importantes, en Pedro Bernardo se produce además fruta y verdura. En sus campos crecen por igual las cepas de kiwi, los naranjos, limoneros y mandarinos, los granados, almendros y azufaifos, los más comunes frutales como melocotoneros, albaricoques, manzanos, ciruelos y perales, o los productores de frutos secos.

Ganadería
En la cabaña bovina, la variedad autóctona de vacuno "morucho" se ha ido sustituyendo paulatinamente por especies foráneas más selectas de carne y leche, en pequeñas explotaciones en régimen de semiestabulación. Adicionalmente, existen contados rebaños de ovejas y cabras, también para consumo familiar y local.

En Pedro Bernardo primó siempre la cabaña caprina por la disposición de su orografía y de su vegetación, que creaba condiciones ideales para el pastoreo de cabras. La cabra aprovechaba en el monte recursos que la oveja no podría aprovechar. No obstante, la ganadería ovina fue también de gran peso para la economía local, no tanto por la carne o la leche como por la lana. Como veremos más adelante, la industria de la pañería otorgó a la localidad mucha fama y no menos recursos para subsistir. El ganado vacuno tuvo menos impronta sin dejar de ser reseñable en la economía cucharera.

Artesanía
Antiguamente parece ser que existía cierta habilidad artesana para la fabricación de husos y cucharas de madera, de donde ha quedado a los habitantes el apodo o remoquete de cuchareros, que se acepta con cierta conformidad no exenta de orgullo.

De mayor importancia fue en un pasado no tan distante la fabricación de mantas de lana y similares, como las alforjas y sombreros bastos tradicionales de la zona. Las nuevas técnicas y la introducción de materias artificiales la llevaron a la desaparición.
En la actualidad quedan algunos artesanos que se dedican a la talal de madera o fabricación de productos de cuero, así como un antiguo zapatero ( Roberto Cantero Villacastín ) que sigue construyendo sencillos rabeles o arrabelillos como se les llama en el lugar)

Monumentos y lugares de interés

Pedro Bernardo cuenta desde 1978 con un expediente incoado para una futura declaración de la localidad como conjunto histórico-artístico.

Remontándonos al pasado más remoto existe un Menhir (IV Milenio a. C) en la llamada Dehesa de Cantogordo. En este mismo paraje se han constatado un par de yacimientos arqueológicos que atestiguan la presencia de villas romanas, así como un par de pequeños puentecillos medievales, levantados probablemente por orden de la poderosa asociación ganadera conocida como la Mesta.

 Antiguo ayuntamiento
El monumento más antiguo del pueblo data del s. XVI (año 1577). Se trata del antiguo ayuntamiento que se halla en la llamada Plaza Vieja, casi enfrente del nuevo consistorio. Erigido en sillería, a lo largo del tiempo ha tenido usos muy dispares: pósito, cárcel, consultorio médico, centralita telefónica. Últimamente se utiliza como tanatorio, pese a su céntrica y polémica ubicación.

 La iglesia parroquial
Fue construida en el  sobre una iglesia anterior erigida en 1606. Está consagrada a San Pedro. De gran sobriedad, alberga numerosas tallas de diversos santos correspondientes a los siglos XVII y XVIII. Existen también dos ermitas: Santa Ana (1697) y San Sebastián (s. XVIII), así como un rollo o picota de piedra, erigido en 1697 para conmemorar la adquisición de la categoría de villa 18 años antes.

 Plaza de toros

Antigua plaza en uso desde, al menos, el . Reconstruida en 1993. Tiene forma de media luna, con anfiteatro porticado.

 Ermita de Santa Ana
Ubicada en la Cuesta de Santa Ana, en el centro del casco urbano. Aunque la construcción actual data de 1693, es probable que se reedificara sobre los cimientos de otro antiguo templo religioso. De planta cuadrangular y muros de sillería de piedra actualmente enfoscada de cal, alberga la imagen de Nuestra Señora de la Soledad (talla barroca del ). Entre los elementos ornamentales más característicos hallamos un arco de medio punto en sillería de granito en el pórtico del edificio, así como una ventana labrada en piedra con una cruz de malta, una rosa hexafoliada y dos pajarillas enfrentadas, elementos recurrentes en la artesanía popular de la zona.

 Ermita de San Sebastián
Situada hoy en el Barrio de El Santo, junto al antiguo cementerio consagrado en 1808, la ermita de San Sebastián fue construida a las afueras del municipio a mediados del . En su interior guarda una pequeña talla de San Sebastián Mártir. El templo, de planta cuadrangular y elevado sobre una peña de piedra hoy oculta y cubierta por una escalera, está porticado con dos sencillas columnas dóricas de granito.

 Otros
Entre los lugares de interés natural cabe destacar algunos de los numerosos riscos que rodean al pueblo (Sierpe, la Vela, el Fraile, el macizo de la Abantera), el mirador del puerto de Pedro Bernardo o el collado de Lagarejo, las piedras caballeras (el Canto de la Nariz y el Canto de la Tapadera) así como la garganta de la Eliza, su piscina natural  y su hermosa Chorrera del Hornillo (de 12 metros de altura). En el extremo oriental, ya en el límite con Gavilanes, se encuentra la Chorrera Hondonera, salto de agua natural sobre el arroyo Pichón.

Cultura

Fiestas, folclore y tradiciones
 1.º de enero: Hoguera de Quintos (celebración del solsticio de invierno, origen prerromano)
 20 de enero: Vítor de San Sebastián, fiesta recuperada recientemente. Procesión ecuestre y lúdica en honor del Santo, y bailes populares.
 Carnaval. Concurso municipal de disfraces, pasacalles y rondón. Mascarada de invierno de los machurreros (recuperada en 2014).
 Domingo de Resurrección: Día del Pastel.
 1.º de mayo: Feria de La Asomadilla -recuperada en 2010-
 16 de agosto: Fiestas patronales de San Roque.
 14 de septiembre: Fiestas del Cristo de la Vera Cruz, patrón del pueblo.
 1.º de noviembre: Calbotá (Fiesta de las Castañas)

Personajes destacados

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

  Ayuntamiento de Pedro Bernardo

Municipios de la provincia de Ávila
Localidades de la provincia de Ávila
Localidades de Castilla y León con conjunto histórico


text:
Boot – wieś w Anglii, w Kumbrii, w dystrykcie Copeland. Leży 59 km na południe od miasta Carlisle i 384 km na północny zachód od Londynu.

Przypisy

Wsie w Kumbrii


text:
Bucksbaum ist Familienname von

 Matthew Bucksbaum (1926–2013), US-amerikanischer Unternehmer
 Melva Bucksbaum (1933–2015), US-amerikanische Kunstsammlerin und Kuratorin
 Philip H. Bucksbaum (* 1953), US-amerikanischer Physiker

Siehe auch:
 Bucksbaum Award
 Buchsbaum (Begriffsklärung)
 Buxbaum


text:
Banipal est un revue littéraire et un site web consacrés à la promotion de la littérature arabe contemporaine, notamment par le biais de traductions en anglais. Cette revue soutient également un prix consacré aux traductions d'œuvres arabes en anglais.

Caractéristiques
La revue a été fondée à Londres en 1998 par Margaret Obank et son époux Samuel Shimon, écrivain et réfugié irakien, installé à Londres après être passé par différents pays dont la France.

Ce magazine littéraire paraît trois fois par an. Depuis sa création, il a publié les œuvres et les interviews de nombreux auteurs et poètes arabes, dont beaucoup sont ainsi traduits pour la première fois en anglais. Il accorde une place significative à la poésie. Chaque numéro de la revue est consacré généralement à un thème spécifique, par exemple la fiction libyenne, les auteurs arabes américains, les auteurs irakiens, la littérature au Yémen contemporaine, etc.

Le prix
Ce périodique est également cofondateur d'un prix littéraire, le prix Saif Ghobash-Banipal, créé en 2006 pour encourager la traduction littéraire d'œuvres en arabe. Le jury de ce prix est désormais composé, le plus souvent, de deux personnalités arabophones et deux non arabophones. Ce prix est administré par la Society of Authors au Royaume-Uni (qui gère un certain nombre de prix de traduction littéraire similaires), et il est sponsorisé par un diplomate et auteur émirati,  et sa famille en mémoire de Saif Ghobash, le défunt père de Ghobash. En 2009, le montant du prix s'élevait à . Appelé dans un premier temps Prix Banipal, cette distinction annuelle d'un traducteur de la langue arabe vers l'anglais est devenue le prix Saif Ghobash-Banipal.

Les lauréats du prix
 2006 : Humphrey Davies pour sa traduction de Gate of the Sun, de Elias Khoury
 2007 : Farouk Mustafa (nom de plume : Farouk Abdel Wahab) pour sa traduction de  The Lodging House de Khairy Shalaby
 2008 : Fady Joudah pour sa traduction de The Butterfly's Burden de Mahmoud Darwich
 2009 : Samah Selim pour sa traduction de The Collar and the Bracelet de Yahya Taher Abdullah
 2010 : Humphrey Davies pour sa traduction de Yalo de Elias Khoury
 2011 : Khaled Mattawa pour sa traductionn de  Selected Poems d'Adonis
 2012 : Roger Allen pour sa traduction de A Muslim Suicide de Bensalem Himmich
 2013 :
 Jonathan Wright pour sa traduction de Azazeel de Youssef Ziedan
 William Maynard Hutchins pour sa traduction de A Land Without Jasmine de Wajdi al-Ahdal
 2014 : Sinan Antoon pour sa traduction de The Corpse Washer de Sinan Antoon
 2015 : Paul Starkey pour sa traduction de The Book of the Sultan's Seal: Strange Incidents from History in the City of Mars de Youssef Rakha
 2016 : Jonathan Wright pour sa traduction de The Bamboo Stalk de Saud Alsanousi
 2017 : Robin Moger pour sa traduction de The Book of Safety de Yasser Abdel Hafez
 2018 : Luke Leafgren  pour sa traduction de The President's Gardens de Muhsin Al-Ramli,
 2019 : Leri Price  pour sa traduction de Death is Hard Work de Khaled Khalifa
 2020 : Kay Heikkenen pour la traduction de Velvet de Huzama Habayeb

Références

Liens externes

 Archives

Revue littéraire au Royaume-Uni


text:
Prima di diventare scrittore a tempo pieno (verso il 1946) e di incominciare a collaborare per il piccolo e grande schermo (dal 1953), lavorò nei rami dell'amministrazione e dei servizi pubblici. Per cinquant'anni è stato sposato con Elaine Duncan.

Opere
Le sue storie sono sostanzialmente fedeli ai canoni della fantascienza di età campbelliana, sorrette da una struttura lineare e razionale e libera da implicazioni umanistiche troppo marcate. In accordo con la logicità della costruzione, non viene mai tralasciata, inoltre, la verosimiglianza degli elementi di derivazione scientifica.

Dei suoi romanzi, sono stati tradotti Il Pianeta Nero (Dark Dominion, 1954), L'albero della vita (Beyond Eden, 1955) e Missile senza tempo (Occam's Razor, 1957).

Duncan ha scritto anche sceneggiature televisive e cinematografiche, tra le quali la sua preferita era quella per L'uomo che visse nel futuro (The Time Machine, 1960) di George Pal, adattamento del famoso romanzo di H. G. Wells La macchina del tempo (The Time Machine, 1895).

Bibliografia

Narrativa

Romanzi tradotti
 Dark Dominion (1954) trad. it. Il Pianeta Nero I Romanzi di Urania 84, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano 1955; in Millemondiestate 1980: Tre romanzi completi di David Duncan, Millemondi 17, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano 1980
 Beyond Eden (1955) trad. it. L'albero della vita I Romanzi di Urania 125, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano 1956; in Millemondiestate 1980: Tre romanzi completi di David Duncan, Millemondi 17, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano 1980
 Occam's Razor (1957) trad. it. Missile senza tempo Urania 198, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano 1959; in Millemondiestate 1980: Tre romanzi completi di David Duncan, Millemondi 17, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano 1980

Racconti tradotti
 The Immortals (1960) trad. it. Gli immortali Galaxy Anno V-N.10, La Tribuna, Piacenza 1962

Romanzi non tradotti
 The Shade of Time (1946)
 The Madrone Tree (1949)
 Another Tree in Eden (1956)
 Remember the Shadows
 The Trumpet of God
 The Bramble Bush
 The Serpent's Egg
 Yes, My Darling Daughters
 None But My Foe
 The Long Walk Home From Town
 Wives and Husbands

Cinema

Soggetti
 Jivaro (id., 1954), sceneggiato da Winston Miller e diretto da Edward Ludwig
 Il mostro che sfidò il mondo (The Monster That Challenged the World, 1957), sceneggiato da Pat Fielder e diretto da Arnold Laven

Sceneggiature
 Sangaree (id., 1953, in collaborazione con Frank L. Moss), tratto da un romanzo di Frank Slaughter e diretto da Edward Ludwig
 The White Orchid (1954, in collaborazione con Reginald Le Borg) di Reginald Le Borg
 Lo scorpione nero (The Black Scorpion, 1957, in collaborazione con Robert Blees) di Edward Ludwig
 The Thing That Couldn't Die (1958) di Will Cowan
 Ricerche diaboliche (Monster on the Campus, 1958) di Jack Arnold
 L'uomo che visse nel futuro (The Time Machine, 1960) di George Pal
 The Leech Woman (1960) di Edward Dein
 Viaggio allucinante (Fantastic Voyage, 1966, adattamento della storia originale di Jerome Bixby e Otto Klement per la sceneggiatura di Harry Kleiner) di Richard Fleischer

Televisione

Soggetti
 The F.B.I. (serie tv): episodio The Divided Man (1966), sceneggiato da Norman Jolley

Sceneggiature
 Radon (o Rodan, 1956), adattamento USA di Sora no daikaijû Radon (in italiano Rodan, il mostro alato) di Ishirō Honda, di cui gli sceneggiatori originali sono Takeshi Kimura e Takeo Murata, sulla base di un soggetto di Ken Kuronuma
 Men Into Space, nota anche come Space Challenge (serie tv): episodi Burnout (9-12-1959), Christmas on the Moon (23-12-1959), Earthbound (27-1-1960), Contraband (2-3-1960), Dark of the Sun (9-3-1960), Shadows on the Moon (30-3-1960), Flash in the Sky (6-4-1960), Beyond the Stars (11-5-1960) e Flare Up (17-8-1960)
 National Velvet (serie tv): episodi sconosciuti
 Daniel Boone (serie tv): episodi Pompey (1964), The Inheritance (1957) e The Flaming Rocks (1968)
 The Outer Limits (serie tv): episodio The Human Factor (1963)
 The New Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1968) (serie tv): episodi sconosciuti
 The High Chaparral (serie tv): episodio The Lost Ones (1969)
 Second Chance, nota anche come Boys Will Be Boys (serie tv): episodio The End (1987)

Voci correlate
 Autori di fantascienza
 Fantascienza
 Letteratura horror

Collegamenti esterni

Scrittori di fantascienza statunitensi


text:
Triaspis tricolorata är en stekelart som beskrevs av Vladimir Ivanovich Tobias och Saidov 1997. Triaspis tricolorata ingår i släktet Triaspis och familjen bracksteklar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Bracksteklar
tricolorata


text:
Анатолий Игоревич Сивушов (р. , Жуковский) — российский кинопродюсер, генеральный директор Ассоциации каскадёров России (1991—2002), генеральный продюсер кинокомпании «Аватар Фильм».

Биография
Закончил Московский финансовый институт (1980). В дальнейшем окончил факультет повышения квалификации Всесоюзной академии внешней торговли.

В 1982—1987 годах работал во Внешторгбанке СССР — инспектор, затем старший экономист Управления государственных кредитов. Заместитель секретаря Комитета ВЛКСМ по оборонно-спортивной работе. Командир комсомольского оперативного отряда ВТБ СССР, начальник штаба оперативных отрядов Ленинского района Москвы.

В 1987— 1992 — исполнительный директор Творческо-производственного центра Академии творчества СССР.

В 90-е годы занимал пост генерального директора Ассоциации каскадёров России. Налаживал совместную работу с зарубежными киносъёмочными группами. Основные кинокартины: «Святой» (США), «Золотой глаз» (США), «Полицейская академия-7» (США), «Превосходство Борна» (США), «Приключения королевского стрелка Шарпа» (Великобритания) и другие. Занимался организацией административной части трюковых киносъёмок всех крупных российских фильмов. Организовал Первый международный фестиваль каскадёров кино «Прометей».

Один из основателей шоу-проектов «Гонки на выживание» и «Бои без правил».

С 2003 года — генеральный продюсер кинокомпании «Аватар Фильм».

11 марта 2014 года подписал обращение деятелей культуры Российской Федерации в поддержку политики президента РФ В. В. Путина на Украине и в Крыму.

Фильмография
 1995 — Крестоносец (режиссёр Михаил Туманишвили)
 1998 — Незнакомое оружие, или Крестоносец-2 (режиссёр Иван Дыховичный)
 2000 — Рыцарский роман (режиссёр Александр Иншаков)
 2001 — «Каскадёры России», документальная кинолетопись
 2002 — Бригада (режиссёр Алексей Сидоров)
 2004 — Звездочёт (режиссёры Гурий Атнев, Андрей Силкин)
 2006 — Сеть (режиссёр Нурбек Эген)
 2008 — Братья-детективы (режиссёры Алексей Трейман, Ксения Кондрашина, Оксана Карас)
 2010 — Здесь кто-то есть (режиссёр Николай Крутиков)
 2011 — Необыкновенное приключение Пьера Ришара (режиссёр Татьяна Рахманова)
 2012 — Хоккейные игры (режиссёр Ксения Кондрашина)

Награды и номинации
 ТЭФИ — 2003, за телесериал «Бригада»
 Золотой Орёл — 2003, за телесериал «Бригада»
 Эмми — полуфиналист (2003), с телесериалом «Бригада»

Примечания

Ссылки

 Анатолий Сивушов на портале Кино-театр.ру
 Анатолий Сивушов на сайте кинокомпании «Аватар Фильм»
 Интервью Анатолия Сивушова каналу «Москва 24» (шоу Евгения Додолева «Правда-24», 2014)

Выпускники Финансового университета при Правительстве Российской Федерации
Внешэкономбанк


text:
Girdziusze (; ) – wieś na Białorusi, w obwodzie witebskim, w rejonie brasławskim, w sielsowiecie Achremowce.

Dawniej używana nazwa – Hirdziusze.

Historia
W czasach zaborów wieś włościańska w powiecie dzisieńskim, w guberni wileńskiej Imperium Rosyjskiego

W latach 1921–1945 wieś leżała w Polsce, w województwie wileńskim, w powiecie dziśnieńskim (od 1926 w powiecie brasławskim), w gminie Jody

Według Powszechnego Spisu Ludności z 1921 roku zamieszkiwały tu 79 osób, wszystkie były wyznania prawosławnego i zadeklarowały białoruską przynależność narodową. Było tu 14 budynków mieszkalnych. W 1931 w 16 domach zamieszkiwało 86 osób.

Wierni należeli do parafii prawosławnej w Jodach. Miejscowość podlegała pod Sąd Grodzki w Brasławiu i Okręgowy w Wilnie; właściwy urząd pocztowy mieścił się w Zamoszach.

W wyniku napaści ZSRR na Polskę we wrześniu 1939 miejscowość znalazła się pod okupacją sowiecką. 2 listopada została włączona do Białoruskiej SRR. Od czerwca 1941 roku pod okupacją niemiecką.

Przed atakiem III Rzeszy na ZSRR wioska liczyła 98 mieszkańców i 18 domów. W 1943 Niemcy całkowicie spalili wieś i zabili dwóch mieszkańców.

W 1944 miejscowość została ponownie zajęta przez wojska sowieckie i włączona do Białoruskiej SRR.

Od 1991 w składzie niepodległej Białorusi.

Uwagi

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

Wsie w rejonie brasławskim


text:
Adampalli  is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Bangarapet taluk of Kolar district in Karnataka. It is inhabited by Telugu speaking community.

See also
 Kolar
 Districts of Karnataka

References

External links
 http://Kolar.nic.in/

Villages in Kolar district


text:
Notte di fortuna è un film del 1941 diretto da Raffaello Matarazzo, che costituisce la prima pellicola della lunga filmografia di Peppino De Filippo nella quale egli lavorò senza il fratello Eduardo. È considerato perduto, come peraltro diverse altre opere di Matarazzo degli anni trenta e quaranta.

Trama
Biagio, modesto commesso di una farmacia di un piccolo paese di campagna, ha una relazione con la sorella del farmacista, ma lei lo lascia. Depresso, per consolarsi accetta l'invito di recarsi a Sanremo fattogli da uno stravagante milionario e là, attirato dal miraggio di fare fortuna, si reca al Casinò. E la fortuna in effetti lo assiste poiché in una notte vince al baccarat la somma favolosa di 900.000 lire.

Poi però, per soddisfare le richieste di una misteriosa donna incontrata al Casinò di cui si è invaghito, Biagio gioca ancora e in questo modo finisce per perdere tutta la vincita. Quando torna a casa, i suoi compaesani, che hanno saputo dai giornali della sua favolosa fortuna, ma non della successiva perdita, lo accolgono trionfalmente. La verità viene a galla e tutti quelli che prima lo avevano adulato gli voltano le spalle.

Quando tutto sembra perduto, la donna che è stata causa della sua rovina lo raggiunge al paese portando con sé una preziosa collana, che era stata acquistata con parte della vincita, e che è rimasto l'unico bene di valore salvatosi dalla successiva rovina. Alla fine dell'avventura, sarà dunque quel piccolo capitale che permetterà ai due di sposarsi e di rientrare in una vita serena e tranquilla.

Realizzazione del film
Trattandosi di una pellicola irreperibile, le informazioni sul film sono desumibili solo dagli articoli apparsi sui periodici del tempo. Notte di fortuna fu prodotto negli stabilimenti della ''Titanus'' tra la fine del 1940 e l'inizio del 1941, ed uscì poi nelle sale cinematografiche nella tarda primavera del 1941. Fu la prima pellicola nella quale Peppino De Filippo lavorò da solo, cioè senza la compresenza del fratello Eduardo, nonché una delle poche da lui interpretate nel periodo anteguerra che non derivasse da un testo teatrale.

L'attore ricorderà con simpatia questa esperienza: «Era un bel film - ha dichiarato quasi quarant'anni dopo - comico, e mi meraviglio che non l'abbiano mai rimesso in giro, un film comicissimo, con delle scene riuscitissime, ed una Leda Gloria bellissima». Anche l'attrice confermerà questo piacevole ricordo: «Vi ho fatto la parte più comica di tutta la mia carriera artistica, una avventuriera (che) balla sui tavoli, tutta "frufru"; con Peppino De Filippo ci siamo divertiti tanto ».

Accoglienza

Critica
Commenti contemporanei. Notte di fortuna, seppur nei limiti della sua natura farsesca, ebbe accoglienze di simpatia da parte della critica, che comunque concentrò le proprie lodi sull'interpretazione di Peppino De Filippo. Infatti, secondo il settimanale Film «il film riesce per merito esclusivo di Peppino De Filippo, il quale si é finalmente deciso ad adottare per il cinematografo quelle sue personalissime ed inconfondibili risorse comiche che hanno fatto la sua fortuna teatrale». Dello stesso tenore il commento di Cinema, che definì quella di De Filippo «la migliore interpretazione per lo schermo del fortunato attore. Ha creato una figura che ancora non era stata sfruttata, come negli altri suoi film, dall'abituale teatro». Apprezzamento anche per la regia «intelligente e con sapiente senso di misura».

Secondo il quotidiano La Tribuna «mentre è facile immaginare Peppino De Filippo commesso di farmacia diviso tra le grazie mature della sorella del suo principale e gli stimoli di un formidabile appetito, un po' stupido ed un po' furbo (...) non è altrettanto facile immaginarlo alle prese col demone del gioco», tuttavia «Notte di fortuna, ricco di trovate farsesche e di un finale riuscito, merita di essere visto».

Anche il Corriere della Sera espresse qualche riserva sulla prestazione di De Filippo: «Si dà da fare ed è spesso divertente, ma lo sarebbe stato molto di più se, rinunciando a certe intenzioni charlottiane male espresse, si fosse attenuto a quel casalingo realismo che, almeno al cinema, è la sua vera strada», ma non il film nel suo complesso, definita «una comica farsetta, piuttosto ingenuamente immaginata (...). Matarazzo ha diretto alla meglio (ma) entro i limiti di una produzione affrettata e di una fotografia per nulla brillante». Di analogo tenore il commento di Francesco Pasinetti che riconobbe come «nonostante tutto in Notte di fortuna vi sono sequenza degne di nota: viene spontaneo chiedere perché l'ingegno di Matarazzo debba essere applicato all'esecuzione di opere affrettate come questa».

Meno positivi i commenti che apparvero su alcuni quotidiani. Da La Stampa, che definì sbrigativamente il film una «piacevole novelletta senza pretese», al Messaggero, secondo il quale «quel tanto di patetico e di umano che la storia ed il personaggio potevano mostrare è rimasto, come suol dirsi, nella penna degli autori. Procedimento semplicistico, non privo, comunque di qualche irresistibile effetto».

Commenti successivi. Successivamente Notte di fortuna non ha suscitato, anche a causa della sua irreperibilità, particolare attenzione se non per evidenziare, anche dopo diverso tempo, i meriti di De Filippo. Così il Mereghetti lo definisce «farsa non originalissima, ma con una gran prova di Peppino De Filippo». Anche il commento di Angela Prudenzi, autrice della (finora) unica monografia dedicata al regista romano, è dello stesso avviso, pur limitando a poche righe la menzione del film.

Risultato commerciale
In base ai dati disponibili, Notte di fortuna non registrò un significativo riscontro economico, in quanto avrebbe incassato circa 1.700.000 lire dell'epoca, risultato ben lontano non soltanto dai "campioni di incasso" del 1941 (la versione dei Promessi sposi di Camerini oltrepassò i 18 milioni), ma anche dalla maggioranza degli altri film usciti in quell'anno.

Note

Bibliografia
 Francesco Savio, Cinecittà anni Trenta. Parlano 116 protagonisti del secondo cinema italiano (3 voll.), Roma, Bulzoni, 1979,
 Angela Prudenzi, Matarazzo, Firenze, Il castoro cinema - La nuova Italia, 1991,
 Enrico Giacovelli ed Enrico Lancia, I film di Peppino De Filippo, Roma, Gremese, 1992, ISBN 88-7605-634-3
 Storia del cinema italiano. Volume VI° (1940 - 1944). Venezia, Marsilio e Roma, Fondazione Scuola Nazionale del Cinema, 2003, ISBN 978-88-317-0716-9.
 Paolo Mereghetti, Il Mereghetti 2014, Milano, Baldini e Castoldi, 2013, ISBN 978-88-6852-058-8

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Film commedia
Film diretti da Raffaello Matarazzo
Film ambientati in Liguria
Film ambientati in Campania


text:
This is a timeline of the history of Border Television (now known as ITV Border). It provides the ITV service for most of Cumbria in England and the southern parts of Scotland.

1960s
1960
 Border Television is awarded the contract to provide an ITV service for the English counties of Westmorland and Cumberland and the south of Scotland. There had been one other applicant, from Solway Television.
1961
 1 September – Border Television launches. The station had planned to go on air on February but construction problems with both transmitters resulted in delays until May. Border asked for a further delay as it felt that launching over the summer holiday period would affect advertising revenue.
1962
 Border manages to achieve a profit in its first year of broadcasting.
1963
 Border attracts a regional share of 60%. This success means that Border is able to pay off its start-up costs within two years of going on air.
 1964
 Border is given a three-year extension to its licence. This is later extended by a further year.
1965
 26 March – Border starts broadcasting to the Isle of Man.
1966
 No events.
 1967
 The Independent Television Authority renews Border's licence for a further seven years.
 1968
 August – A technicians strike forces ITV off the air for several weeks although management manage to launch a temporary ITV Emergency National Service with no regional variations.
 1969
 No events.

1970s
 1970
 No events.
 1971
 1 September – Border Television marks its tenth anniversary and begins broadcasting in colour, but initially only from Caldbeck.
 1972
 1 March – Colour transmissions begin from the Selkirk transmitter.
 16 October – Following a law change which removed all restrictions on broadcasting hours, ITV is able to launch an afternoon service and Border carves out a niche for itself by providing the network with afternoon quiz programmes, most notably Mr. and Mrs. which was hosted by Border TV's Assistant Controller of Programmes, Derek Batey.
 1973
 Late 1973 – Border's local programmes are made in colour for the first time.
 1974
 The 1974 franchise round sees no changes in ITV's contractors as it is felt that the huge cost in switching to colour television would have made the companies unable to compete against rivals in a franchise battle.
 1975
 4 September – Border announces that it may have to cut back programme production following a substantial fall in net profits.
 1976
 No events.
 1977
 No events.
 1978
 No events.
 1979
 10 August – The ten week ITV strike forces Border Television off the air. The strike ends on 24 October.

1980s
 1980
 No events.
 1981
 October – Border announces a loss of £70,000 before tax. The financial situation had been so dire that Border had considered not re-applying for the renewal of its licence.
 1982
 1 January – The Kendal transmitter is transferred from Granada to Border.
 November/December –  An industrial dispute forces Border to close for a month in a dispute over new technology, which ended only after letters asking for an improvement in industrial relations were withdrawn.
 1983
 1 February – ITV's breakfast television service TV-am launches. Consequently, Border's broadcast day now begins at 9:25 am.
 1984
 No events.
 1985
 3 January – The last day of transmission using the 405-lines system.
 1986
 No events.
 1987
 7 September – Following the transfer of ITV Schools to Channel 4, ITV provides a full morning programme schedule, with advertising, for the first time. The new service includes regular five-minute national and regional news bulletins.
 1988
 2 September – Border begins 24-hour broadcasting.
 1989
 13 February – For the first time ITV starts broadcasting a national weather forecast. Previously Border had aired its own regional weather forecast which they had broadcast at the end of their local news programmes and at closedown.
 1 September – ITV introduces its first official logo as part of an attempt to unify the network under one image whilst retaining regional identity. Border adopts the logo.
 Border begins providing a sub-regional service for Scottish Borders viewers served by the Selkirk transmitter, consisting of a short opt-out during Lookaround each weeknight.

1990s
 1990
Melvyn Bragg becomes chairman of Border Television. He had been deputy chairman since 1985.
 1991
 16 October – Border is unopposed in retaining its licence to broadcast, allowing it to bid only £52,000 a year (or £1,000 a week).
 1992
 No events.
 1993
 14 April – Border wins the licence to broadcast a radio service to northern Cumbria and south west Scotland. The station launches as CFM. Its studios are adjacent to those of the television station.
 6 September – Border stops using the 1989 corporate look and begins to use in-vision continuity more heavily.
  December – Border branches out into radio when it was awarded the licence for a new regional radio station serving Central Scotland - Scot FM - in partnership with Grampian Television.  The station also wins the north east regional licence.

 1994
 1 September – Border's first regional radio station launches when 100–102 Century Radio begins broadcasting.
  5 September – Border updates its logo and presentation.
 16 September – In conjunction with Grampian Television, Border launches its second radio station - Scot FM launches.
 1995
 May – Grampian buys Border's stake in Scot FM.
 1 September –  Less than a year after its last refresh, Border once again updates its logo and presentation.
 1996
 No events.
 1997
 26 July – Border forms a subsidiary, Border Radio Holdings, for its radio business.
 23 September – Border's second regional radio station, Radio 106, launches.
 1998
 April – Border's struggling East Midlands station Radio 106 is relaunched as Century 106.
 8 September –  Border's third regional radio station, Century 106, opens, broadcasting across north west England.
 15 November – The public launch of digital terrestrial TV in the UK takes place.
 1999
 April – Border's sub-regional service for Scottish Borders viewers served by the Selkirk transmitter, consisting of a short opt-out during Lookaround each weeknight, is extended to cover Dumfries and Galloway and a dedicated Scottish news bulletin is introduced on weekday lunchtimes.
 8 November – A new, hearts-based on-air look is introduced.

2000s
 2000
 March –  Capital Radio buys Capital Radio Group, when Capital Radio Group bought Border Television.
April – New owners Capital sell Border Television to Granada Media Group.
 August – Border begins to use the opt-out service to provide split coverage of sports and occasional political programming. The station also opens an Edinburgh bureau to provide coverage of the Scottish Parliament.
 2001
 No events.
 2002
 28 October – On-air regional identities are dropped apart from when introducing regional programmes and Border is renamed ITV1 Border.
 2003
 No events.
 2004
 January – The final two remaining English ITV companies, Carlton and Granada, merge to create a single England and Wales ITV company called ITV plc.
1 November – The famous chopsticks logo is seen for the final time.
2005
 No events.
 2006
 13 December – The Berwick-upon-Tweed transmitter transfers to Tyne Tees as part of the preparations for the digital switchover of the Border region in 2008.
 2007
 14 November – The Eskdale Green, Gosforth and Whitehaven areas of Border's region becomes the first part of the UK to undergo digital switchover.
 2008
 December – Border's non-news local programming in the England part of its region ends after Ofcom gives ITV permission to drastically cut back its regional programming. From 2009 the only regional programme is the monthly political discussion show.
 2009
 25 February – ITV makes major cutbacks to its regional broadcasts in England, the Border and Tyne Tees regions are merged to form ITV Tyne Tees & Border. Lookaround is no longer broadcast from Carlisle, instead it is transferred to the studios of Tyne Tees in Gateshead. All of the separate sub-regional news programmes are merged pan-regional programmes although more localised news continues to be broadcast as a brief opt-out during the early evening programme.
24 June – The Border region becomes the first in the UK to complete digital switchover.
15 July – Coverage of the Isle of Man is transferred from Border to Granada.

2010s
2010
 Border's studios in Carlisle are closed and subsequently demolished. However, an office for Border's news and advertising operations is opened in the Kingstown area of Carlisle with news reports being sent via file server to the ITV Tyne Tees & Border studios in Gateshead.
2011
 No events.
2012
 No events.
2013
 4 January – The Tyne-Tees news service is rebranded as ITV News Tyne Tees. and pan-regional bulletins are branded as ITV News Tyne Tees & Border
 23 July – Proposals to reintroduce full regional services for the Tyne Tees and Border regions were approved by OFCOM, effectively leading to a demerger of the Tyne Tees and Border services.
 16 September – Lookaround and ITV News Tyne Tees are restored as fully separate regional programmes on weekdays with shorter daytime and weekend bulletins reintroduced. Both programmes continue to be broadcast from Tyne Tees' Gateshead studios with extra journalists recruited for newsgathering in the Border region.
2014
 6 January – Following instructions from regulator Ofcom, ITV reopens Border's sub-regional service for southern Scotland.
 12 January – The relaunching of the Southern Scotland service sees the launch of a new magazine programme called Border Life and a news magazine programme called Representing Border.

See also
 History of ITV
 History of ITV television idents
 Timeline of ITV
 Timeline of television in Scotland

References

Television in the United Kingdom by year
ITV timelines


text:
Атанасий (, Атанасиос) е гръцки духовник, митрополит на Вселенската патриаршия.

Биография
Роден е на Самос със светското име Капуралис или Капоралис (Καπουράλης, Καποράλης). Завършва Семинарията на Халки. Служи във Варненската митрополия, а след това е протосинтел е в Костурската митрополия при митрополит Кирил и протосингел в Лемноската митрополия.

На 14 февруари 1890 година е избран за лемноски и агиоевстратийски митрополит със седем гласа срещу епископ Теоклит Кринийски (5 гласа) и епископ Антим Синадски. На 25 февруари 1890 година в патриаршеската катедрала "Свети Георги" в Цариград е ръкоположен за лемноски митрополит. Ръкополагането е извършено от митрополит Кирил Одрински в съслужение с митрополитите Герман Силиврийски, Дионисий Ксантийски, Паисий Имброски и Игнатий Литицки.

Атанасий заема костурската катедра в 1899 година, като замества уволнения поради партизанство и вмешателство в делата на гръцката организация митрополит Филарет Вафидис, който е преместен в Димотика. По думите на българския учител в Костурско Търпо Поповски:

На 16 януари 1900 година българското търговско агентство в Битоля пише на министър-председателя Тодор Иванчов:

В 1900 година става самоски митрополит и остава на поста до смъртта си през февруари 1903 година. Наследен е от Константин Водзалидис.

Бележки

Костурски митрополити
Възпитаници на Халкинската семинария
Хора от Самос
Лемноски и Агиоевстратийски митрополити
Самоски и икарийски митрополити


text:
Y  är den tjugofemte bokstaven i det moderna latinska alfabetet. Y kan stå för

Versalt Y
 grundämnet yttrium
 länsbokstav för Västernorrlands län
 yotta, SI-prefix för faktorn 1024.
 Y (SAB), bibliotekssignum

Gement y
 yokto, SI-prefix för faktorn 10–24.

Historia
Till det latinska alfabetet kom bokstaven Y från den grekiska bokstaven ypsilon, som i sin tur härstammar från den feniciska bokstaven "waw", som ursprungligen föreställde en krok eller en klubba.

Datateknik
I datorer lagras Y samt förkomponerade bokstäver med Y som bas och vissa andra varianter av Y med följande kodpunkter:

Se även
Y-kromosom
Y-namn

Latinska alfabetet


text:
Biografia
Nacque a La Spezia il 20 maggio 1897, fu allievo della Regia Accademia Navale di Livorno dal 6 novembre 1911 al 7 giugno 1914, venendo promosso guardiamarina e imbarcato sulla nave Etna e successivamente sulle navi da battaglia Dante Alighieri e Andrea Doria durante la prima guerra mondiale.
Nel 1918, con il grado di sottotenente di vascello fu comandante in seconda del sommergibile H 3;  dal 30 ottobre 1924 (e sino al 1927) Polacchini comandò nell'ordine i sommergibili N 5 (1924), N 1 (1924), N 6 (1925), N 2 (1925), F 19 (1925), F 7 (1926), X 2 (1926-1927). Quindi poi fu in comando del sommergibile H 1 nel 1927.

Promosso capitano di corvetta l'8 maggio 1927, tra il 10 febbraio 1929 e il 24 maggio 1930 assunse il comando del nuovo sommergibile Tito Speri  e in seguito del nuovo sommergibile Argonauta in allestimento. Nel 1931 il re d'Egitto Fu'ad I lo insignì del titolo di Ufficiale dell'Ordine di Ismail, e promosso capitano di fregata il 6 novembre 1932,  fu imbarcato come Sottocapo di stato maggiore sull'incrociatore leggero Alberto di Giussano nel 1933, e poi sul similare Giovanni delle Bande Nere. In successione comandò le squadriglie a cui appartenevano i sommergibili Argonauta, Otaria, il 4º Gruppo sommergibili di Taranto dall'11 settembre 1935, il Des Geneys e il Santorre Santarosa. A bordo degli ultimi due prese parte all'inizio delle operazioni nell'ambito della guerra civile spagnola.

Promosso capitano di vascello il 5 gennaio 1937, fu comandante della base navale di Venezia e poi, dal 20 marzo 1939 al 31 agosto 1940,  assunse il comando dell'incrociatore leggero Luigi Cadorna, con il quale durante la seconda guerra mondiale partecipò alla battaglia di Punta Stilo del luglio 1940. In tale occasione fu decorato della Croce di guerra al valor militare. prese parte alla Campagna di Grecia come comandante superiore del traffico con l'Albania avendo Quartier generale a Brindisi,  e poi ricoprì l'incarico di Comandante della scuola sommergibili di Pola.

Il 15 aprile 1941 fu destinato come Capo di stato maggiore al Comando Superiore delle Forze Subacquee Italiane in Atlantico (BETASOM) con base a Bordeaux in Francia, in sostituzione e del parigrado Aldo Cocchia.
Promosso contrammiraglio all'età di solo quarantaquattro anni, il 18 settembre 1941 divenne Comandante superiore di "BETASOM", sostituendo l'ammiraglio di divisione Angelo Parona il quale, nel frattempo, era stato assegnato al comando della 3ª Divisione incrociatori.
Durante questo periodo fu decorato con la Croce di Cavaliere dell'Ordine militare di Savoia.

Probabilmente anche a seguito del suo ostentato scetticismo riguardante il presunto affondamento di due corazzate americane da parte del comandante Enzo Grossi al comando del sommergibile Barbarigo, che gli avevano valso due Medaglie d'oro al valor militare e la promozione di grado, il 29 dicembre 1942 egli venne sostituito al comando di "BETASOM" dallo stesso Grossi, per essere destinato nel gennaio del 1943 a Palermo come Comandante della Base logistica. Partecipò attivamente alla campagna di Tunisia, organizzando i convogli di rifornimenti per le truppe italiane impegnate in quel settore,  venendo decorato con la Medaglia d'argento al valor militare per l'impegno profuso.

Destinato in seguito a Livorno come Comandante della Base Navale, all'arrivo dei tedeschi riuscì a mettere in salvo il personale dipendente della base, dopodiché si rifugiò in casa di amici a Castiglioncello per qualche tempo e successivamente raggiunse la sua famiglia a Venezia nel gennaio 1944. Nel maggio dello stesso anno, al fine di evitare la deportazione in Germania, prestò formale giuramento alla Repubblica Sociale Italiana, ma nel contempo iniziò a collaborare clandestinamente con il Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale Alta Italia.
L'8 agosto fu arrestato dai fascisti e incarcerato a Venezia con varie accuse che in seguito si rivelarono infondate. Rimase in carcere per cinque mesi, dopodiché con l'intercessione del Cardinale Giovanni Urbani, futuro Patriarca di Venezia e zio di sua cognata, fu liberato con l'obbligo di firma in Questura tutte le sere.
Alla fine della guerra in Italia, con la caduta del fascismo, il 6 maggio 1945 assunse il comando dei servizi della Marina di Venezia, ma fu collocato a riposo il 20 febbraio 1946, venendo promosso ammiraglio di divisione il 5 maggio dello stesso anno.

Il 19 febbraio 1950, avendo contratto grave malattia ai polmoni durante il periodo trascorso in prigionia, fu costretto a lasciare il servizio per motivi di salute e fu collocato in congedo assoluto e iscritto al Ruolo d'Onore della Marina Militare, promosso ammiraglio di squadra il 27 giugno 1958.
Si ritirò quindi a vivere al Lido di Venezia, dove morì nel 1968.

Onorificenze

Onorificenze italiane

Onorificenze estere

Note

Bibliografia

Periodici

Voci correlate
BETASOM
Affondamento del Laconia
Enzo Grossi

Italiani della seconda guerra mondiale
Ufficiali della Regia Marina
Sommergibilisti della Regia Marina
Cavalieri dell'Ordine militare di Savoia
Medaglie d'argento al valor militare
Croci di guerra al valor militare
Cavalieri dell'Ordine della Corona d'Italia
Ufficiali dell'Ordine della Corona d'Italia
Commendatori dell'Ordine della Corona d'Italia
Grandi ufficiali dell'Ordine della Corona d'Italia
Cavalieri dell'Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro
Cavalieri di Vittorio Veneto
Decorati di Medaglia commemorativa della guerra italo-austriaca
Decorati di Medaglia commemorativa della guerra italo-turca
Decorati di Medaglia commemorativa delle operazioni militari in Africa Orientale
Decorati di Medaglia mauriziana
Croci d'oro per anzianità di servizio
Ufficiali dell'Ordine di Ismail
Croci di Ferro di prima classe
Croci di Ferro di seconda classe


text:
Rocinela australis är en kräftdjursart som beskrevs av Schioedte och Frederik Vilhelm August Meinert1879. Rocinela australis ingår i släktet Rocinela och familjen Aegidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Gråsuggor och tånglöss
australis


text:
Janus Andreas Bartholin la Cour (5 September 1837 – 13 October 1909) was a Danish painter who is remembered for his landscapes painted in the classical style of the Eckersberg school.

Biography
Born near Ringkøbing, he spent much of his early life in the Aarhus area, attending Aarhus Latin School where he was introduced to painting by Emmerik Høegh-Guldberg and his apprentice Christen Købke. In 1853, he moved to Copenhagen where he studied privately under Wilhelm Marstrand and, from 1856, under P.C. Skovgaard who was particularly important for his artistic development and became a personal friend. From 1861 to 1884, la Cour lived with the Skovgaard family in Copenhagen. He attended the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts from 1857 to 1864.

During several trips to Italy, he painted landscapes of Lake Nemi and Tivoli. In Denmark, he painted scenes from eastern Jutland, especially the area around Aarhus and Silkeborg, often in rainy or stormy weather. From 1884, he lived in Mariendal near Beder south of Aarhus and in 1888 settled for the rest of his life in Langballegård near Mårslet. He purposely distanced himself from the Copenhagen-scene where more modern trends in painting en plein air were breaking the Academic traditions of the Eckersberg school.

Several of la Cour's paintings are in the collection of Statens Museum for Kunst.

Awards
La Cour was awarded the Thorvaldsen Medal in 1871. He was decorated with the Order of the Dannebrog in 1892.

Literature

References

External links

1837 births
1909 deaths
19th-century Danish painters
Danish male painters
Danish landscape painters
People from Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality
Recipients of the Thorvaldsen Medal
Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog
Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts alumni
19th-century Danish male artists


text:
Biografia
Nata a Roma, si trasferì da bambina con la sua famiglia a Torino, a circa metà degli anni settanta, dove il padre divenne uno dei primi registi per stazioni televisive private. In questo ambiente Oria fu subito notata dall'ambiente cinematografico dell'epoca, venendo scelta per interpretare il ruolo principale del film La ragazza di via Millelire del 1980, dove il regista Gianni Serra volle rappresentare l'allora disagio giovanile delle periferie della città. Nel corso degli anni successivi viene chiamata per condurre un programma per bambini di una TV locale, per poi collaborare nel cast de Una nuvola d'ira, di Massimo Scaglione e al fianco di Gipo Farassino. Dal 1986 si trasferisce definitivamente in Veneto; sposata e con tre figli, ha smesso di lavorare come attrice.

Filmografia

Cinema
 La ragazza di via Millelire, regia di Gianni Serra (1980)

Televisione
 Una nuvola d'ira, regia di Massimo Scaglione - film TV (1983)

Note

Collegamenti esterni


text:
Граф Бекингем () — один из старейших графских титулов Англии. В течение средних веков титул учреждался несколько раз, однако все его креации были непродолжительными. В 1623 г. графы Бекингем были возведены в ранг герцогов Бекингем. В настоящее время титул не существует.

История титула
Впервые титул графа Бекингема был учреждён в 1097 г. для Вальтера Жиффара II, чей отец Вальтер Жиффар I, сеньор де Лонгвиль, получил от Вильгельма Завоевателя обширные земельные владения в Бакингемшире за его участие в нормандском завоевании Англии. Однако уже в 1164 г. род Жиффаров пресёкся, а их титулы и владения вернулись в распоряжение королей Англии. Возможно, некоторое время титул графа Бекингема носил Ричард де Клер, сыгравший решающую роль в подчинении Ирландии Генрихом II, однако это не установлено окончательно. Следующая креация титула состоялась в 1377 г. Графом Бекингемом стал Томас Вудсток, младший сын английского короля Эдуарда III. Позднее (в 1385 г.) он получил также титул герцога Глостера. За участие в движении лордов-апеллянтов против Ричарда II Томас Вудсток в 1397 г. был казнён. Хотя его герцогский титул был объявлен конфискованным, титул графа Бекингема перешёл к его сыну, который однако скончался два года спустя без наследников. Дочь Томаса Вудстока Анна Глостерская в 1398 г. вышла замуж за Эдмунда Стаффорда, 5-го графа Стаффорда. Их сын Хамфри Стаффорд стал выдающимся полководцем, прославившим себя в сражениях Столетней войны и войны Алой и Белой розы, и в 1444 г. получил титул герцога Бекингема.

Титул графа Бекингем вновь был учреждён в 1617 г. для Джорджа Вильерса, молодого фаворита английского короля Якова I, который в 1623 г. был возведён в достоинство герцога Бекингема и позднее вошёл в историю как главный советник королей Якова I и Карла I, погибший от рук пуританского фанатика Джона Фельтона. Сын Джорджа Вильерса сохранил за собой титулы графа и герцога Бекингем, а после реставрации Стюартов в 1660 г. играл одну из центральных ролей в королевской администрации Англии. Со смертью Джорджа Вильерса, 2-го герцога Бекингема, в 1687 г. титул перестал существовать.

Список графов Бекингем

Графы Бекингем, первая креация (1097)
 Вальтер Жиффар, 1-й граф Бекингем (ум. 1102);
 Вальтер Жиффар, 2-й граф Бекингем (ум. 1164), сын предыдущего.

Граф Бекингем, вторая креация (1164)
 Ричард де Клер, 2-й граф Пембрук (ум. 1176).

Графы Бекингем, третья креация (1377)
 Томас Вудсток, 1-й граф Бекингем, герцог Глостер (ум. 1397), сын короля Эдуарда III;
 Хамфри Плантагенет, 2-й граф Бекингем (ум. 1399), сын предыдущего;
 Хамфри Стаффорд (1402—1460), сын дочери Томаса Вудстока, с 1444 г. — 1-й герцог Бекингем;
 Генри Стаффорд, 2-й герцог Бекингем (1455—1483), внук предыдущего, титул конфискован в 1483 г.;
 Эдвард Стаффорд, 3-й герцог Бекингем (1477—1521), сын предыдущего, титул восстановлен в 1485 г., конфискован в 1521 г.

Графы Бекингем, четвёртая креация (1617)
 Джордж Вильерс (1592—1628), фаворит Якова I, с 1623 г. — 1-й герцог Бекингем;
 Джордж Вильерс, 2-й герцог Бекингем (1628—1687), сын предыдущего.

Ссылки
 The Complete Peerage

Бекингем


text:
VfB Oldenburg er forkortelsen for Verein für Bewegungsspiele e.v. Oldenburg (foreningen for bevægelsessport). Foreningen er hjemmehørende i Oldenburg, som ligger i Niedersachsen, Tyskland.

I 2005 bestod foreningen af 5 afdelinger: Cricket, brydning, bordtennis, volleybold og fodbold. Foreningens farver er blå og hvid. Foreningen har 500 medlemmer (status i 2005).

Foreningens historie

Foreningen blev stiftet den 17. oktober 1897. Foreningens oprindelige navn var FC 1897 Oldenburg. I 1919 skete der en fusion med foreningen FV Germania 1903 og den nuværende forening VfB Oldenburg blev dannet.

Et år senere erhvervede man en gammel cykelbane ved Donnerschwee – en nuværende bydel i Oldenburg. Cykelbanen blev ombygget til et fodboldstadion. Donnerschwee Stadionet (også kaldet "Die Hölle des Nordens") blev foreningens sjæl. Pga. af likviditetsproblemer blev stadionet dog solgt i 1999.

I år 2000 lykkedes det at gennemføre en gældsanering og foreningen er nu gældfri.

Oldenburger Cricket Klub er en del af VfB. I 2004 rykkede denne op i den højeste tyske tuneringsklasse.

I 2005 overtog Frank Lachmann posten som foreningens præsident. Han afløste Klaus Berster, som havde været foreningens præsident i mange år.

Sportslige resultater

VfB Oldenburg rykkede i sæsonen 1980/81 op i 2. Bundesliga (Nord), men måtte pga. sammenlægninger i ligaen straks rykke ned igen.

Årene fra 1989 til 1993 var foreningens mest succesrige periode. Under ledelse af træner Wolfgang Sidka og manager Rudi Assauer lykkedes det i sæsonen 1991/92 næsten, at rykke op i den 1. Fodbold-Bundesliga.

Sæsonen 1996/97 blev foreløbig den sidste i 2. Ligaen.

Fortiden spiller foreningens 1. herrehold i Oberliga Nord.

Stadion

Siden sæsonen 1991/92 har foreningen VfB Oldenburg spillet sine hjemmekampe i Marschweg – Stadion. Stadionet har 15.000 tilskuerpladser, hvoraf de 4.500 er overdækkede siddepladser.

Før i tiden spillede man regelmæssig i det foreningsejede Donnerschwee Stadion, som dog var mindre. Kun ved de kampe, hvor man forventede en stor tilskuertilstrømning, blev spillet i Marschweg – Stadion. Efter salget af det foreningsejede stadion, skiftede 1. herrehold endeligt helt til at spille alle hjemmekampe i Marschweg – Stadion.

Ekstern henvisning
 VfB Oldenburg

Fodboldklubber i Tyskland
Etableret i 1897
Oldenburg (Oldenburg)
Fanejede fodboldklubber


text:
У Золочівському районі Харківської області на обліку перебуває 55 пам'яток історії.

Джерело
Лист Харківської Облдержадміністрації на запит ВМ УА від 28 березня 2012. Файли доступні на сайті конкурсу WLM .

Золочівський район (Харківська область)
Золочівського району


text:
Sergej Rožkov – calciatore sovietico, nato nel 1943
 Sergej Rožkov – sciatore russo, nato nel 1972
 Sergej Rožkov – danzatore russo


text:
Namnet Herman Fleming har burits av flera medlemmar av den främst i Finland bosatta adelssläkten Fleming, däribland nedanstående:

Herman Fleming (ca 1520-1583), riddare, amiral, ståthållare på Narva.
Herman Fleming (1619–1673), riksråd, amiralitetsråd, slutligen generalguvernör i Finland.
Herman Fleming (1654–1718), lagman i Södermanlands lagsaga
Herman Fleming (1763–1808), överste, sårades i slaget vid Pyhäjoki 16 april 1808 och dog den 20 april samma år. Begravd i Brahestad.
Herman Fleming (politiker), född 1859, major, riksdagspolitiker och direktör.


text:
Sporotomaculum hydroxybenzoicum è una specie di batterio appartenente alla famiglia delle Thermoanaerobacteriaceae.

Bibliografia

Thermoanaerobacteriaceae


text:
APC kan syfta på:

 Armored Personnel Carrier, se Pansarskyttefordon
 Automatic Performance Control, ett system för att hantera variationer i bensinkvalitén
 Antigenpresenterande cell
 Aktiverat Protein C
 Förkortning för rockbandet A Perfect Circle
 Hela folkets kongress (All People's Congress), parti i Sierra Leone
All purpose cleaner


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Bjarne Rognlien (28 January 1891  – ) was a Norwegian judge.

He was born in Eidanger to Bernt Martin Rognlien and Anna Randers. He graduated as cand.jur. in 1916. He was appointed as district stipendiary magistrate (sorenskriver) in Salten from 1939, and in Eiker, Modum and Sigdal from 1947 to 1961. He served as acting Supreme Court Justice from 1948 to 1949.

References

1891 births
Year of death missing
People from Porsgrunn
Norwegian judges