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The International Space University (ISU) is dedicated to the discovery, research, and development of outer space and its applications for peaceful purposes, through international and multidisciplinary education and research programs. ISU was founded in 1987 and is registered in France and in the US as a non profit organisation. The university offers a one or two-year Master in Space Studies (MSS) in Strasbourg and shorter professional development programs across the world. The latter include an itinerant nine-week Space Studies Program (SSP), a five-week Southern Hemisphere SSP in partnership with the University of South Australia, a 6-week Commercial Space graduate certificate in partnership with the Florida Institute of Technology, and one-week Executive Space Courses in Australia, Europe and the USA.

The International Space University Central Campus and global headquarters are located in Illkirch-Graffenstaden near Strasbourg, France. ISU was founded on the "3-Is" philosophy providing an Interdisciplinary, Intercultural, and International environment for educating and training space professionals and post-graduate students. As of April 2020, there were over 5000 ISU alumni from 109 countries.  In November 2017 the International Space University hosted a conference in Strasbourg that led to the formation of the Moon Village Association. The ISU faculty members include astronauts, space agency leaders, space engineers, space scientists, managers, and experts in space law and policy comprising an international collection of experts in technical and non-technical space-related fields.

The Chancellor of the International Space University is Pascale Ehrenfreund, Chair of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) Executive Board and President of the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). She was preceded by Apollo astronaut Buzz Aldrin, who succeeded then–European Space Agency Director-General Jean-Jacques Dordain and acclaimed science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke, in 2004. The sixth President of the International Space University is Juan de Dalmau who succeeded Prof. Walter Peeters, in September 2018.

History
In 1985, four young space enthusiasts created the Space Generation Foundation, dedicated to fostering a sense of identity for those people born since the beginning of the space era. The ISU founders are Peter Diamandis, one of the founders of SEDS and a medical doctor with a Master's in aerospace engineering from MIT; Todd Hawley, a graduate from Space Policy Institute at George Washington University; Robert D. Richards, an engineer and physicist, and former assistant of the well-known astrophysicist Carl Sagan and Christopher D. Mau, a venture capitalist living and working in Boston at the time. The four men generated a series of novel ideas from which a "Space University" was exceptionally well received. The idea garnered the support of a number of important personalities in the space field, including Prof. U.R. Rao, president of the Indian Space Research Organization; Dr. Harrison Schmitt, an Apollo 17 astronaut and former senator; Dr. Burton Edelson, Associate Administrator of NASA for Space, Science, and Applications; Dr. Gerard K. O'Neill from the Space Studies Institute; space pioneer Prof. Hermann Oberth; and Arthur C. Clarke, the visionary writer, along with many others.

This initiative was further developed and presented to the Advances in the Astronautical Sciences (AAS) Meeting dedicated to Aerospace Century XXI   in Boulder, Colorado in 1986. The following year, a three-day Founding Conference convened at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from 10 to 12 April 1987. These dates were chosen to commemorate the flight of Yuri Gagarin (12 April 1961), the first human in space.
The Founding Conference culminated in the formal creation of the International Space University, and established it as a 501(c)3 non-profit educational organization in the state of Massachusetts, USA. The first ISU Summer Session Program (SSP) took place at MIT from 20 June to 20 August 1988 with the support of the major space agencies. A significant announcement in an article dating 5 July 1988, in the Christian Science Monitor introduced the four founders and their novel and exciting venture. In a ceremonial gesture, the first international participants in the summer session were led by the four founders in a walk across the Charles River from MIT in Cambridge to Boston. The artwork for the first brochure was made by Pat Rawlings and is still in use today. The original offices of the fledgling ISU were  located in a Victorian townhouse overlooking bustling Kenmore Square in Boston.

Following an international competition for a host city for the Central Campus, the ISU home base moved from Massachusetts to Illkirch-Graffenstaden in the Urban Community of Strasbourg, France, in 1994. ISU is now a non-profit association registered in Alsace (France), and is still registered in the US as a 501(c)3 non-profit educational organization. The Governing Members of ISU are international organizations, industries, space agencies, academic institutions, and individual members.

The French Ministry of Education formally recognized ISU as an institute of higher education in 2004
The International Space University has had permanent observer status with the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs since 1998. ISU was also granted full membership of the Space Agency Forum (SAF) in 1995. ISU is a member of the International Astronautical Federation (IAF) and has been invited to contribute to a number of international activities including the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum, the IAF Symposium on "Bringing Space into Education", the World Space Workshop on Education, and the National Science Week Steering Committee.

To ensure that the programs being offered meet the demands of a rapidly changing space sector, ISU regularly conducts surveys to ascertain the latest educational needs of the global space enterprises and updates its programs accordingly. The milestones of the history of ISU are noted in the Table below:

Campus
ISU originally evolved in a geographically decentralized way, with summer sessions convened in a different country each year. In 1994 the Central Campus was established in Strasbourg, Alsace, France, because of its central European location and unique character. During the first years, the Master of Science classes took place in the Pôle API of the École Nationale Supérieure de Physique de Strasbourg.

Since 2002 ISU has had its own building, thanks to the support of the local authorities. The Central Campus is now located in the Parc d'Innovation of Illkirch-Graffenstaden just south of Strasbourg, less than 30 minutes from the city centre by public transportation.

Organization and administration
ISU's organizational structure includes a Board of Advisors, chaired by the Chancellor, and a board of trustees elected by the Governing Membership of the ISU. The Board of Trustees determines ISU's overall objectives, oversees the university's affairs and appoints the ISU President. The President is supported by an executive committee, Academic Staff (who prepare and deliver ISU programs) and Administrative Staff (responsible for the daily operation of the Institution). The Academic Staff are led by the Dean, who is supported by staff responsible for ISU's academic programs (Masters and SSP) and library services. The Academic Council of ISU is responsible for ensuring the academic quality of ISU's teaching and research activities. ISU academic staff include a number of Resident Faculty, augmented by other Faculty and Lecturers as needed for the programs.

Academics
The programs offered by ISU are dedicated to the space-related fields, as well as sports programs.

Programs delivered each year on a regular basis
 A twelve-month Master of Science in Space Studies (MSS)
 A two-month Space Studies Program (SSP)
 A five-week Southern Hemisphere Summer Space Studies Program (SHSSP)
 A one-week Executive Space Course (ESC) providing a basic introduction to space topics for corporates executives.

Short programs delivered on demand
 Professional Development Programs
 Workshops
 Short Courses
 Forums

Participation in these programs is open to individuals and institutions of all nationalities.

Masters of Science
The Master of Science in Space Studies (MSS) and the Master of Science in Space Management (MSM) are graduate-level degree programs in the space field. These one-year degree programs include a three-month professional internship and several professional visits. The main elements of the Masters are:
 Lectures covering all major disciplines related to space, with corresponding workshops and roundtables,
 Lectures on contemporary space-related issues and events which as a whole provide an interdisciplinary and intercultural education,
 Team Projects involving most, if not all, of those disciplines (see Table below),
 Individual Projects performed during the academic year and during an internship period,
 Professional Visits and participation to ISU Annual Symposium,
 Specific skills training.

Space Studies Program
The Space Studies Program (SSP) is an intense two-month course for postgraduate students and professionals of all disciplines. The curriculum covers the principal space related fields, both non-technical and technical and ranges from policy and law, business and management and humanities to life sciences, engineering, physical sciences and space applications. The shared experience of an international, interactive working environment is an ideal networking forum leading to the creation of an extensive, international, multidisciplinary professional network.

Each year the SSP convenes in a different location around the world. The SSP curriculum includes:
 Core Lectures covering fundamental concepts across all relevant disciplines,
 Theme days presenting keys/issues of space with an interdisciplinary approach,
 Hands-on workshops providing practical applications of the concepts presented in the lectures,
 Departmental Activities of the seven SSP departments providing in-depth lectures & workshops, professional visits, and individual research projects,
 Team Projects in which the SSP participants address a relevant space topic as an international, interdisciplinary, and intercultural team.

Future Space Studies Programs
Future Space Studies programs are planned for:
 2020: Postponed to 2021 in Granada. An online experience is offered during the summer of 2020: the Interactive Space Program (ISP).
 2021: Granada, Spain.
 2023: São José dos Campos, Brazil.

Past Space Studies Programs, Locations and Team Projects

Southern Hemisphere Summer Space Program
The Southern Hemisphere Summer Space Program (SH-SSP) is a five weeks course open to undergraduate students and professionals of all disciplines with space interest. As in all ISU programs, the curriculum covers not only space-related fields and space applications but also non-technical fields such as policy, law, space business, and management techniques.

The intention of a second program, next to the established SSP program of ISU, was to extend the offering to participants of the Southern Hemisphere, in line with the local summer holidays, but participants from all nations are welcomed.

The program is offered in partnership with the University of South Australia in Adelaide (Mawson Lakes Campus) and benefits from scholarship support from the Australian Space Research Program. The intention is to have the program iterating to different locations in the Southern Hemisphere, in particular in Africa and South America, but regularly returning to Australia.

Previous White Paper executive summaries and full reports are available for download from the ISU Library.

Executive Space Course
The Executive Space Course (ESC) provides an overview of space and of space-related subjects for professionals of diverse backgrounds, including marketing, finance, law, and contract management, intended to improve their communication with technical colleagues.

Academic facilities

Library
Since 1995, the collection of the ISU Library has grown to reach about 9,000 space-related documents. The collection supports the interdisciplinary aspects of the courses and includes subjects like space-related business and management, space policy and law, international cooperation, remote sensing and Earth observation, telecommunication, space engineering, space mission design, astronomy, space life sciences, and space medicine. The Library also features news about space, information from space agencies and research institutes around the world, and awareness and alerting services from journals. RSS feeds can be used to follow the library's new acquisitions. Interested people may subscribe to the feeds for receiving regular updates about books, electronic documents, or Team Projects reports that are added to the online catalog.

Training facilities

With the strong support from ESA, the following facilities were installed and put into operation:

Astronomy Observatory
Several optical and radio telescopes at ISU give students the opportunity of performing observations as well as the necessary analysis, which introduces them to typical techniques of astrophysical research and gives them a first-hand experience in the study of the invisible Universe.

ESA-Dresden Radio Telescope
The satellite television Ku band (10–12 GHz) is suitable to perform observations of the Sun and the Moon, using conventional material, such as a 1.2-meter parabolic dish, placed on the roof of the ISU building. This telescope, developed under ESA contract by the Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits in Dresden for use in schools, has been given to ISU by ESA. It is capable of providing properly calibrated data and hence allows to determine the surface temperatures of the Sun and the Moon. Since its in-depth testing by ISU Masters students, it has been extensively used in the framework of workshops and individual student projects. With the ESA-Dresden Radio Telescope, the students can experience and perform all the necessary steps from observation, calibration, and data reduction to the interpretation and evaluation of the results.

ESA-Haystack Radio Telescope
The Haystack Observatory, run by MIT, developed a Small Radio Telescope (SRT) for educational purposes, consisting of a 2.3-meter diameter standard satellite dish antenna. This radio telescope operates at a 1.42  GHz frequency (21-cm wavelength) where hydrogen atoms emit a strong spectral line. This allows radio astronomers to detect hydrogen, the most abundant element of the Universe. One SRT has been donated to ISU by ESA and is operational since 2009. This new asset, named the ESA-Haystack Radio Telescope, provides the students with the opportunity of performing observations of astronomical objects even outside the Solar System.

Concurrent Design Facility (CDF)
When the European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) acquired a new Concurrent Design Facility, its initial CDF was set up at the ISU Central Campus in 2008. The CDF brings the Masters's students the possibility of familiarizing themselves with concurrent engineering and its application processes through workshops and assignments. These hands-on activities always have double-oriented tasks, by combining the CDF process with the development of space-related topics. As the usefulness of concurrent engineering extends much further than space mission design, the use of the ISU CDF for design processes in other industry fields than space is also under consideration.

GENSO Tracking Ground Station
A fully automated satellite tracking station is installed at ISU since 2008. This ground station provides several hands-on training opportunities for the Masters' students, as satellite communication is now a reality at ISU. The ISU Tracking Ground Station was built in the scope of the Global Educational Network for Satellite Operations (GENSO) project, an endeavor involving students worldwide and promoted by the International Space Education Board (ISEB), an organization including the educational departments of some of the major space agencies worldwide.

Human Performance in Space Laboratory
Established in 2009, the ISU Human Spaceflight Laboratory includes a rotating chair, the training model of the ultrasound echocardiograph, and body motion analysis equipment that flew on Mir in 1988, and the flight model of the neuroscience Pocket equipment that flew on the Space Shuttle STS-51G mission. This equipment was all donated by CNES. In addition, NASA has loaned a training model of the ISS Advanced Life Support Pack (ALSP) and ESA has loaned a training model of the ISS 3DSPACE experiment. The Human Spaceflight Laboratory is also equipped with a clinostat, an autoclave, a laminar flow cabinet, microscopes, medical diagnosis and surgery tools, and other laboratory equipment to provide realistic hands-on training on the experiments performed in space by astronauts.

Self Deployable Habitat for Extreme Environments (SHEE)
The goal of the Self Deployable Habitat for Extreme Environments (SHEE) is to develop a deployable space analog habitat demonstrating technologies and architecture that may one day be used in extreme environment habitats on the Earth, Moon, and Mars. This project is a partnership between seven different companies and institutions representing five different European nations. This habitat is designed to support two "astronauts" for missions of up to two weeks in duration. Construction was completed in July 2015, after which the SHEE was shipped to ISU for validation and testing. ISU faculty and students will spend the next six months evaluating the habitat and delivering a report on their findings to the European Commission. The SHEE will live in the ISU High Bay until April 2016 when it will take part in a Mars Analog mission called Moonwalk in Rio Tinto, Spain.

Annual symposium

Up until 2013, an annual ISU symposium was convened to address a topic with broad interest both with the space industry and among the space agencies. The Symposium has been suspended until further notice. Other international conference-style events are being planned and convened on the ISU campus. Refer to the ISU web site for more details. The following table presents the topics covered from 1996 to 2013.

Notable ISU staff

Founders
Peter Diamandis
Todd B. Hawley
Robert D. Richards
Christopher D. Mau

Chancellors
 1987–2004: Arthur C. Clarke
 2004–2015: Jean-Jacques Dordain
 2015–2018: Buzz Aldrin
 2018–present: Pascale Ehrenfreund

Presidents
 1991–1994: George Van Reeth
 1994–1998: Roland Doré
 1998–2004: Karl Doetsch
 2004–2011: Michael Simpson
 2011–2018: Walter Peeters
 2018–2021: Juan De Dalmau
 2021-present:  Pascale Ehrenfreund

Notable faculty
 Ben Finney, 1994-2003 co-chair of Space and Society department
 Dustin Bates, 2006 ISU Summer Session Program Teaching Associate

Astronauts
 Oleg Atkov, Russian Railways, Faculty
 James H. Newman, NASA, the first ISU alumnus (SSP 1989) to go into space
 Jeffrey Hoffman, NASA & MIT, Faculty
 Chiaki Mukai, JAXA, Faculty
 Reinhold Ewald, ESA, lecturer
 Jean-Jacques Favier, CNES, lecturer
 Robert Thirsk, CSA, lecturer
 Soyeon Yi, KARI, lecturer, the first astronaut to attend ISU (SSP 2009)
 Anousheh Ansari, the first person to receive an ISU honorary doctorate while in space
 Sergei Krikalev, Energya, Special Guest Lecturer
 Yang Liwei, CASC, Special Guest Lecturer
 Michel Tognini, CNES & ESA, Special Guest Lecturer
 Jessica Meir, NASA, alumna (MSS 2000)

References

External links

ISU Library public page on Netvibes
Dave Haslam about "25 years of the ISU" (YouTube Video) SpaceUp Stuttgart 2012
Space University takes off with the first international summer institute

Buildings and structures in Bas-Rhin
Education in Grand Est
Educational institutions established in 1987
1987 establishments in France


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Abhimanyu Khod (born 10 October 1991) is an Indian cricketer from Haryana. He is a left-handed batsman and bowls right-arm medium.

First-class Career

He has represented Haryana in First-class, List-A cricket and T20 cricket. He made his First-class debut in November 2011 and almost a year and a half later he represented his state in List-A and T20 cricket as well.

His last appearance in FC/List-A/T20 was in February 2015.

See also
Haryana cricket team

References

External links

 CricPlayer's profile

1991 births
Indian cricketers
Living people

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Elizabeth Denby (1894 – 3 November 1965) was an English social housing expert and consultant.

Biography
Denby was from Bradford, Yorkshire, the daughter of a doctor. She went to Bradford Girls Grammar School and then studied at the London School of Economics.

In 1931 Denby was the organising chair of the first "New Homes for Old" exhibit held at Methodist Central Hall (and subsequently as part of the biennial Building Trades Exhibition at Olympia between 1932 and 1938). In 1934/35 she held a Leverhulme Research Fellowship into low cost housing in Europe. In 1936 she addressed a sessional meeting of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) on her paper on 'Rehousing from the Slum Dweller's point of view', becoming the first women to do so.

After travelling around Europe she published a book entitled "Europe Rehoused". She set herself up as a housing consultant, based in West London. She was a member of the Board of Trade Committee for 7 years and became an honorary member of the RIBA.

During World War II, she argued for new methods to make cheap but attractive furniture, for example making tables with one central pillar rather than four legs.

Denby focused on constructing affordable homes which reflected working class needs. Several prominent architects worked with her. Notably Maxwell Fry collaborated with her with his essays on the Modern Movement style: the scheme for low rental flats, Sassoon House in Peckham, which was completed in 1934, and the later Kensal House (1937) which was commissioned by the Gas, Light and Coke Company. Denby and Fry collaborated on this project for four years, but in 1937, Denby's name was omitted from the credit list for both schemes in two major publications. She is credited with prompting Fry to adopt a more progressive style. Denby's work to create more affordable living for the working class eventually resulted in houses that appeared cheap and unrealistic.

Denby demonstrated her interest in social housing during World War II when she lived in London. In May 1942 she organised with Noel Carrington an exhibition "Living in Houses" in London, a sequel to the successful exhibition "Living in Cities" held the previous year, showing solutions to the problem of providing, after the War, new houses "suitable and convenient for the ordinary man and his wife and children". On 27 March 1943 Denby gave a talk in the National Gallery on "The homes we want".

Bibliography
 Europe Re-Housed, with a Foreword by The Rt. Hon. The Lord Horder, London, George Allen & Unwin, 1st ed. 1938
 Europe Re-Housed - Re-building Europe after World War Two, London, George Allen & Unwin, 2nd ed. 1944

References

20th-century English architects
1894 births
1965 deaths
British urban planners
Women urban planners
Architects from Bradford
British women architects
Alumni of the London School of Economics


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Henri (luksemburško: Henri Albert Gabriel Félix Marie Guillaume); * 16. april 1955, Betzdorf Castle, Betzdorf, Luksemburg

Je trenutni veliki vojvoda Luksemburga, kateremu vlada od 7. oktobra 2000. Je najstarejši sin velikega vojvode Jeana in princese Joséphine-Charlotte Belgijske, ter prvi bratranec Filipa, kralja Belgijcev.

Otroštvo
Princ Henri se je rodil 16. aprila 1955 v gradu Betzdorf v Luksemburgu, kot drugi sin princa Jeana, naslednika velikega vojvode Luksemburškega in princese Joséphine-Charlotte Belgijske. Njegov oče je bil najstarejši sin velike vojvodinje Charlotte Luksemburške in njenega moža princa Felixa Burbonskega-Parmskega. Henrijeva mati je bila edina hči kralja Leopolda III. Belgijskega in njegove prve žene Astrid Švedske. Prinčeva botra sta Albert II. Belgijski (njegov stric po materini strani) in princesa Marie Gabriele, grofica Holsteina-Ledreborga (njegova teta po očetovi strani).

Henri ima štiri sorojence: grofico Marijo Astrid Avstrijsko (rojeno leta 1954), princa Jeana Luksemburškega (rojenega leta 1957), princeso Margareto Lihtenštajnsko (rojeno leta 1957) in princa Guillauma Luksemburškega (rojenega leta 1963).

12 novembra 1964, ko je bil Henri star devet let, je njegova babica zapustila položaj velike vojvodinje in ga prepustila svojemu sinu, kar je Henrija naredilo za naslednika svojega očeta. Kot najstarejši sin velikega vojvode, je prevzel naziv naslednika velikega vojvode.

Izobrazba
Henri se je izobraževal v Luksemburgu in v Franciji. Študiral je politično znanost na univerzi v Ženevi in na inštitutu za mednarodne študije. Diplomiral je leta 1980.

Poroka in družina
Med študijem v Ženevi je Henri spoznal Kubanko Marío Teresa Mestre y Batista, ki je prav tako študirala politično znanost. Poročila sta se v Luksemburgu 4. februarja/14.februarja 1981 s predhodnim soglasjem velikega vojvode z dne 7. novembra 1980.

Potomci

Naslednik velikega vojvode Luksemburškega (Guillaume Jean Joseph Marie), rojen 11. novembra 1981, poročen z belgijsko grofico Stéphanie de Lannoy iz 19. na 20. oktobra 2012 v Luksemburgu.
Princ Félix Léopold Marie Guillaume Luksemburški, rojen 3. junija 1984, poročen z Nemko Claire Margareta Lademacher 17. septembra 2013 (civilna poroka, ki je potekala v Königsteinu im Taunus v Nemčiji) in 21. septembra 2013 (cerkvena poroka, ki je potekala v Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume v Franciji). Par ima dva otroka:
Princeso Amalio Gabrielo Mario Tereso Nassauško, rojeno 15. junija 2014
Princa Liama Henrija Hartmuta Nassauškega, rojenega 28. novembra 2016
Princ Louis Xavier Marie Guillaume Luksemburški, rojen 3. avgusta 1986, poročen z Luksemburžanko Tessy Antony 29. spetembra 2006 v Glisdorfu v Luksemburgu. Par ima dva sinova:
 Princa Gabriela Michaela Louisa Ronnya Naussaškega, rojenega 12. marca 2006
 Princa Noaha Etienne Guillaumea Gabriela Matthiasa Xaviera Naussaškega, rojenega 21. septembra 2007
Princesa Alexandra Joséphine Teresa Charlotte Marie Wilhelmine Luksemburška, rojena 16 februarja 1991
Princ Sébastien Henri Marie Guillaume Luksemburški, rojen 16. aprila 1992

Zdravje
3. februarja 2011 je bil Henri zaradi bolezni sprejet v Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg. Kmalu zatem je velikoknežje sodišče izdalo izjavo, v kateri je bilo rečeno, da mu je treba opraviti angioplastiko. Dan zatem je šef za komunikacije sporočil, da je bil postopek uspešen. "Stanje zdravja njegovega kraljevskega visočanstva ni moteče," se je pisalo v izjavi, preden je veliki vojvoda lahko zapustil bolnišnico v naslednjih dneh. Razlog sicer formalno ni razkrit, poročajo pa, da se je veliki vojvoda po prebujanju tega dne počutil slabo, dvorni zdravnik pa je opazil težave s cirkulacijo. Takrat so ga prepeljali v bolnišnico, v srčno enoto in naslednji dan odpustili.

Glej tudi:

 Jean-Claude Juncker
 Xavier Bettel

Sklici

Veliki vojvode Luksemburga
Luksemburški politiki


text:
Stadlhof ist eine Ortschaft in der Gemeinde Traboch im Bezirk Leoben, Steiermark.

Die Ortschaft befindet sich im Liesingtal auf der Höhe des Trofaiacher Beckens. Am  zählte die Ortschaft  Einwohner.

Einzelnachweise

Traboch
Ort im Bezirk Leoben


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Szalmás Piroska, Fischer Antalné (Budapest, 1898. augusztus 7. – Budapest, 1941. augusztus 13.) kórusvezető, zeneszerző, pedagógus.

Munkássága
Budapesten született Szalmás (Stroh) Arnold hírlapkiadó és Jusztusz Szidónia (1874–1945) gyermekeként izraelita vallású családban. Apai nagyszülei Stroh Adolf és Weisz Netti, anyai nagyszülei Jusztusz Bernát és Klein Róza (1842–1904) voltak. A budapesti Zeneművészeti Főiskolán szerzett zongoratanári oklevelet, tanárai voltak Székely Arnold, Kodály Zoltán, Weiner Leó és Thomán István. 1928-ban kapcsolódott be a munkásmozgalomba, 1929-től lett az SZDP tagja. 1930-ban Népdalkórus néven szervezte meg a későbbi Szalmás-kórus néven ismertté vált ifjúmunkáskórust, amely az 1930-as évek elején a KMP által irányított kultúrmunka egyik központja volt. A rendőrség felfigyelt tevékenységére, a kórust több ízben betiltották, ő maga rendőri megfigyelés alatt állt. Az énekkar műsorán munkásdalok, népdalok szerepeltek amelyeket az ő feldolgozásában adtak elő. Elsőként zenésített meg József Attila-verseket, több politikai tárgyú színpadi szatírát, kórusművet és dalt írt. Neve elválaszthatatlanul összefonódott a kórussal, amelynek vezetését halála után Justus Pál (1944-ig), majd Szabados Zádor (1948-ig) vette át.

43 évesen hirtelen ragadta el a halál, temetése munkásmozgalmi esemény lett.

Vonuljatok ki, Chansonok!
A Szalmás-kórus albuma eredetileg 1940-ben készült, 1 példányban, Pécsi Antal képeivel. Szalmás Piroska állította össze. Kiadta a Zeneműkiadó 1970-ben [Z.6200].

Magánélete
1925. október 15-én kötött házasságot Fischer (Ármin) Antal grafikussal, Fischer Illés és Jusztusz Mária fiával.

Műve
 A Szalmás-kórus krónikás-könyve 1930–1940 (SZDP, Világosság Nyomda, Budapest, 1940)

Emlékezete
1977-ben az országos hírű vegyeskórus, az Építők Szakszervezetének Művészegyüttese Kórusa (korábban MÉMOSZ Dalárda) 1977-ben felvette a Bartók-tanítvány Szalmás Piroska nevét.

2012-ben a Fővárosi Közgyűlés a budapesti Andrássy úttal párhuzamos Szalmás Piroska utcát Németh László utcává nevezte át.

Jegyzetek

Források

 Előterjesztés Budapest Főváros VI. Kerület Terézváros Önkormányzatának Képviselő-testülete részére

Magyar zeneszerzők
Zeneszerzőnők
Magyar pedagógusok
Magyar karnagyok
Magyar nők
1898-ban született személyek
1941-ben elhunyt személyek
SZDP-tagok
Zsidó származású magyarok


text:
Pułk kirasjerów Cesarstwa Austriackiego:
 5 Pułk Kirasjerów Cesarstwa Austriackiego

Pułk kirasjerów Cesarstwa Niemieckiego:
 5 Pułk Kirasjerów im. Księcia Wirtembergii Fryderyka (Zachodniopruski)


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Pieter Jan "Perry" Moree (Vlaardingen, 29 november 1960) is een Nederlands maritiem historicus, gespecialiseerd in de geschiedenis van de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie.

Opleiding en carrière
Moree studeerde aan de Universiteit Leiden in de jaren 1981-1987 en promoveerde er in 1998. Hij is een historicus van de Leidse maritieme school, die uitvoerig gebruik maakt van ongepubliceerde primaire bronnen. Moree heeft veel bezoeken afgelegd aan archieven in het buitenland waar zich Nederlandse bronnen bevinden (onder meer in Zuid-Afrika, Indonesië en het Verenigd Koninkrijk). Hij was lange tijd in dienst bij de Koninklijke Bibliotheek (1993-2010), waar hij directeur bedrijfsvoering was. Moree werd in 2010 vice president Finance & Operations (CFO) van de Leidse beursgenoteerde uitgeverij Brill. Vanaf 1 april 2015 is hij directeur-bestuurder van ZB - Bibliotheek van Zeeland in Middelburg. Hij is tevens bestuurslid van SPN (Stichting Samenwerkende POI's Nederland) en Stichting Kennisplatform Pluscollecties. Hij vervulde vele bestuursfuncties bij IFLA, de International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. In de periode 1999-2003 was hij voorzitter van de Linschoten-Vereeniging, die historische reisjournalen uitgeeft. Hij publiceert regelmatig over de VOC en over de Nederlandse visserijgeschiedenis. Zijn boek uit 2014, in samenwerking met Piet van Sterkenburg, Verdrinken zonder water, bevat de memoires van Jan Ambrosius Hoorn (1741-1821), die het in de jaren 1758-1778 van jong matroos op een VOC-schip tot substituut waterfiscaal in Batavia wist te schoppen.

Sailing Letters en Aagje Luijtsen
Moree is als mede-initiatiefnemer betrokken bij 'Sailing Letters', een conserverings- en massadigitaliseringsproject van door Nederlanders geschreven en nooit bezorgde 17e- en 18e-eeuwse post. Deze brieven bevinden zich in The National Archives in Kew, Londen. In 2011 won Moree, samen met Els van Eijck van Heslinga, de Linschotenpenning voor 'Sailing Letters'. Moree was als redacteur (en auteur) in de periode 2009-2014 betrokken bij de vijfdelige reeks Sailing Letters Journaal. In 2003 publiceerde hij een reeks brieven van de Texelse zeemansvrouw Aagje Luijtsen uit 1776-1780, een boek dat veel aandacht trok, onder andere vanwege de vrouwelijke invalshoek. Voor het eerst stond de thuisblijfster en niet de zeeman centraal. Aagje Luijtsen is intussen een bekende historische figuur op Texel. Er zijn zelfs theatervoorstellingen gegeven, waarin geciteerd werd uit Aagje's brieven.

Innovatie bij de VOC
In een boek uit 1998 rekende Moree af met het wat negatieve beeld van de VOC aan het eind van de achttiende eeuw dat door vele historici altijd wordt geschetst. Net zoals Karel Davids meent hij dat in de laatste jaren van de Compagnie plaats was voor innovatie. Davids wees op de vernieuwing van navigatietechnieken en Moree gaat in zijn boek in op een belangrijke innovatie in het scheepvaartverkeer tussen de Republiek en Azië in het laatste kwart van de achttiende eeuw: de instelling van een pakketvaart met snel zeilende brikken, waardoor de communicatie tussen Nederland en de Oost sterk kon verbeteren. Tot die tijd stelde de VOC alles in het werk om particuliere postverzending te belemmeren (via censuur en strenge straffen op clandestien vervoer van brieven), maar ging nu brievenvervoer juist bevorderen. Door de oorlogssituatie vanaf 1793 is deze innovatie weer in de kiem gesmoord. De pakketvaart ging met de VOC kort daarna ten onder. Critici hebben Moree wel verweten deze innovatie te veel op de voorgrond te plaatsen: de Compagnie was feitelijk zieltogend.

Sterfdatum van de dodo
In 1998 publiceerde Moree een geschiedenis van het eiland Mauritius, waar de VOC een vestiging had in de jaren 1638-1710. In dit boek gaat hij in op zijn ontdekking, dat de bekende loopvogel dodo in 1688 nog voorkwam op het eiland. Men had tot dan toe aangenomen dat de laatste dodo al rond 1664 was uitgestorven, maar uit de Kaapse Archieven bleek dat dit niet klopte. Vanuit ornithologische hoek zijn er bezwaren ingebracht tegen Moree's conclusie (o.a. door Anthony Cheke). Moree heeft daarop aangekondigd dat hij de dagregisters van Mauritius 1686-1688 als bronnenuitgave zou willen publiceren.

Beknopte bibliografie
P.J. Moree, Met vriend die God geleide. Het Nederlands-Aziatisch postvervoer ten tijde van de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (Zutphen, 1998)
P.J. Moree, A concise history of Dutch Mauritius. A fruitful and healthy land (London, New York, 1998)
A.S. Cheke, 'Establishing extinction dates – the curious case of the Dodo and the Red Hen', in: Journal of the National Museum, Praha, Natural History Series 148 (2006): 155-158 [reactie op Moree's geschiedenis van Mauritius]
P.J. Moree, Dodo's en galjoenen. De reis van het schip Gelderland naar Oost-Indie, 1601-1603, Werken Linschoten-Vereeniging, deel 100 (Zutphen, 2001)
P.J. Moree, Kikkertje Lief. Brieven van Aagje Luijtsen geschreven tussen 1776 en 1780 aan Harmanus Kikkert, stuurman in dienst van de VOC (Den Burg, 2003)
P.J. Moree en P. van Sterkenburg, Verdrinken zonder water. De memoires van VOC-matroos Jan Ambrosius Hoorn, 1758-1778, Werken Linschoten-Vereeniging, deel 113 (Zutphen, 2014)
P.J. Moree, Maritieme Miniaturen, een vijfdelige reeks maritiem-historische bibliofiele boekjes, o.a. over James Cook, verdriet en duiveluitdrijving op VOC-schepen en de eerste bewoner van Mauritius (Vlaardingen, 2015-2020)
P.J. Moree, Letterkundige mijmeringen, een reeks bibliofiele boekjes, o.a. over Nescio (en zijn bezoeken aan de jaarvergaderingen van de Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde) en Mary Shelley (en haar verblijf in Nederland in 1814)
P.J. Moree, Le premier habitant de l'Île Maurice (Vlaardingen, 2022), bibliofiele uitgave

Nederlands historicus


text:
Brett Olson or Olsen may refer to:

Sportsmen
 Brett Olson (born 1980), American basketball forward with the 2002–03 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team
 Brett Olson (ice hockey) (born 1987), American professional ice hockey forward
 Brett Olson (born 1992), American basketball guard with the  2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14 and 2014–15 Denver Pioneers men's basketball teams

Others
 Brett Olson, Republican nominee for the Washington House of Representatives elections, 2006
Brett Olsen, honoured for his role in Trolley Square shooting
Brett Olsen (Cardfight!! Vanguard), fictional character


text:
Nel corso della sua carriera ha vinto premi di rilevanza nazionale come il Premio Città di Recanati e il Premio Siae/Club Tenco.

Biografia
Dopo aver svolto l'attività di vignettista per diverse riviste, nel 2002 inizia la sua carriera di cantautore collaborando con l'arrangiatore Giancarlo Di Maria e partecipando l'anno successivo al Festival di San Marino con il brano Carmelita. Nel 2004 è tra i vincitori del Premio Città di Recanati con il brano Bianca ed è finalista al Premio De André con Difficile l'amore.

Nella primavera del 2006 il brano Demone del tardi è uno dei più programmati all'interno della nota trasmissione radiofonica Viva Radio 2 di Fiorello e Marco Baldini. Lo stesso anno al cantautore viene assegnato, nell'ambito del Premio Tenco, il Premio Siae/Club Tenco come miglior autore emergente.

Il 1º dicembre 2006 Maler pubblica per l'etichetta discografica Irma Records il suo primo disco Dell'ora o del mai , che riceve i favori della critica. Il cd viene pubblicato anche in Ucraina nel 2008 dall'etichetta Winner Records.

Nel 2008 è ospite della raccolta Bruno Lauzi e il Club Tenco con la cover della canzone La donna del sud.

Il 1º settembre 2010 esce Mutamento il suo secondo album, pubblicato e diffuso dall'etichetta discografica Parametri Musicali nei negozi di musica online.

Maler, con l'inedito Salamandra, è inserito nel progetto La leva cantautorale degli anni zero e nell'omonimo doppio album pubblicato il 9 novembre 2010 dall'etichetta Ala Bianca e realizzato dal MEI  e dal Club Tenco per far conoscere la nuova canzone d'autore italiana.

Nel 2012, con il nickname "edelman", figura nello staff del sito satirico Spinoza.it. e collabora come autore satirico con Il Fatto Quotidiano.

L'anno successivo, in ottobre, Demone del tardi diventa la sigla dell'omonima trasmissione di Radio Popolare condotta da Gianmarco Bachi e l'album Dell'ora o del mai viene ristampato. In occasione della festa per il quarantennale di Radio Popolare, il cantautore torna sulle scene e si esibisce, accompagnato da Thomas Sinigaglia, in un concerto per voce e fisarmonica al Teatro La Cucina di Milano che registra il tutto esaurito.

Il 28 maggio 2018 vede la luce Mu, un progetto ispirato alla vita e alle opere di Joseph Roth composto da un album di quindici canzoni per voce, pianoforte e fisarmonica edito da Parametri Musicali, un audiolibro che racconta la vita dello scrittore austriaco e una favola in e-Book che ne reinventa l'infanzia, editi da Quondam. Il lavoro è stato presentato dallo stesso autore il 28 maggio 2019 nell'ambito delle "Giornate di studio per l'ottantesimo anniversario della morte di Joseph Roth", organizzate dall'Università della Sorbona di Parigi.

L'etichetta bolognese Molti Suoni il 1º dicembre 2021 pubblica sugli store digitali la compilation La raccolta che contiene il meglio della produzione dell'artista, dal disco d'esordio fino al lavoro più recente, Mu. Per la prima volta viene pubblicato digitalmente il brano Salamandra con cui Maler aveva preso parte al progetto La leva cantautorale degli anni zero promosso da MEI e Club Tenco.

Discografia

Album
2006 - Dell'ora o del mai (Irma Records)
2010 - Mutamento (Parametri Musicali)
2018 - Mu (Parametri Musicali)

Raccolte
2021 - La raccolta (Molti Suoni)

Singoli
2006 - Demone del tardi (Irma Records)
2010 - Mutamento (Parametri Musicali)
2010 - La perduta (Parametri Musicali)
2018 - Il mercante di coralli (Parametri Musicali)

Compilation
 2004 - XV Musicultura Festival   (RaiTrade/Elleu - IT) - Brano: Bianca
 2006 - W Radio 2 - 2006   (Sony/Bmg - IT) - Brano: Demone del tardi
 2007 - W La Radio   (Halidon - IT) - Brano: Demone del tardi
 2007 - Bar Italia - Classic & new italian flavours (Nascente - UK) - Brano: Demone del tardi
 2008 - Bruno Lauzi e il Club Tenco  (Ala Bianca - IT) - Brano: La donna del Sud (live)
 2008 - Global Village   (Winner Records - UA) - Brano: Difficile l'amore
 2009 - Geo 30 Ans (Vox Terrae - FR) - Brano: La strada che sai
 2010 - La leva cantautorale degli anni zero  (Ala Bianca - IT) - Brano: Salamandra
 2013 - A Roma (Allegretto Lounge, Vol.1)  (Karmaloft Music - DE) - Brani: Le fonti, La strada che sai
 2014 - A Roma (Allegretto Lounge, Vol.2)  (Karmaloft Music - DE) - Brano: Un destino distante
 2016 - Canzone Indie Italiana (Irma Records - IT) - Brano: Marialavita

Note

Collegamenti esterni

Gruppi e musicisti del Veneto


text:
Against Me! is een akoestische ep van de Amerikaanse punkband Against Me!. In tegenstelling tot de andere albums zijn er geen elektrische instrumenten of drums op het album te horen. De oorspronkelijk versie, uitgegeven op een 7" grammofoonplaat in november 2001, bevat vier tracks. Er werden twee extra tracks toegevoegd op de cd versie die in februari 2003 uitkwam. Er staan niet-akoestische versies van bepaalde nummers van het album op het debuutalbum Against Me! Is Reinventing Axl Rose uit 2002.

Nummers
 "Jordan's First Choice" - 2:09
 "Those Anarcho Punks Are Mysterious..." - 2:40
 "Reinventing Axl Rose" - 2:12
 "We Did It All for Don" - 3:10
 "Pints of Guinness Make You Strong" - 3:11
 "Armageddon" - 3:36

Band
 Laura Jane Grace - gitaar, zang
 Dustin Fridkin - basgitaar, zang

Muziekalbum van Against Me!
Extended play uit 2001


text:
Si Tour Me Qusieras es la continuación de Mon La Fruta Tour de la cantautora chilena Mon Laferte, presentando su tercer álbum de estudio Mon Laferte Vol. 1, la gira recorrió distintos lugares de México, Estados Unidos y Chile obteniendo el mismo éxito que el Tour anterior.

Repertorio
 Tormento
 Vuelve por favor
 Igual Que Yo
 Si tú me quisieras
 Salvador
 El Cristal
 La Noche Del Día Que Llovió en Verano
 Un Alma En Pena
 Cielito De Abril
 Amor completo
 La Mujer
 Flor De Amapola
 Orgasmo Para Dos
 Ana (cover de Los Saicos)
 Bonita
 No Te Fumes Mi Mariguana
 El Diablo
 Tu falta de querer

Fechas de la gira

Notas

Giras musicales de 2016
Giras musicales de Mon Laferte


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John Bradshaw (12 July 1602–31 October 1659) was an English jurist. He is most notable for his role as President of the High Court of Justice for the trial of King Charles I and as the first Lord President of the Council of State of the English Commonwealth.

Early life
John Bradshaw, the second son of Henry Bradshaw and Catherine Winnington, was born in 1602 probably at Wybersley (Wyberslegh) Hall in the village of High Lane near Stockport, Cheshire, or possibly at the nearby Peace Farm, Marple (his father farmed at both) and baptised on 10 December in Stockport Church. As a child he attended the free school at Stockport, as well as schools in Bunbury and  Middleton. During his teenage years he also attended The King's School, Macclesfield. According to local tradition he wrote the following inscription on a gravestone at either Macclesfield or Bunbury:

"My brother Henry must heir the land,
My brother Frank must be at his command;
Whilst I, poor Jack, will do that
That all the world will wonder at!"

He was articled as clerk to an attorney in Congleton. The White Lion public house bears a blue plaque, placed by the Congleton Civic Society, which reads: "The White Lion, built 16–17th century. Said to have housed the attorney's office where John Bradshaw, regicide, served his articles."

After studying English law in London, he was called to the bar at Gray's Inn on 23 April 1627. He served on the provincial bar of Congleton until he became mayor in 1637. John Milton wrote highly of Bradshaw's aptitude during his public service, saying that "All his early life he was sedulously employed in making himself acquainted with the laws of the country; he then practiced with singular success and reputation at the bar."<ref name="Sachse">William L. Sachse, "England's "Black Tribunal": an Analysis of the Regicide Court", in: The Journal of British Studies 12 (1973), p. 69–85.</ref>

On 3 January 1638 he was married to Mary, a daughter of Thomas Marbury.

At some time between 1640 and 1643, Bradshaw moved from Congleton to Basinghall Street in London. In 1643, he was elected judge of the London sheriff's court. He maintained the post until his death. Following the death of the Earl of Essex in 1646, Parliament voted Somerhill House to Bradshaw. He was appointed a serjeant-at-law by Parliament and in 1648 Chief Justice of Chester and North Wales.

Trial of the King
In 1649, he was made president of the parliamentary commission to try the king. Other lawyers of greater prominence had refused the position.

Bradshaw was a controversial choice as Lord President, and opinions of his efficiency as a judge varied. Bulstrode Whitelocke believed that he was "learned in his profession," but Thomas Fuller dismissed him as a man "of execrable memory, of whom nothing good is remembered." The King himself, as well as much of the court, professed to having never heard of him.

Bradshaw himself did not attend court until the third session after his appointment, apologising on the grounds that he had been out of London and disavowed his ability to perform "so important a task." While he served as the Lord President, he was flanked by an impressive personal guard and carried a sword at his side. He wore scarlet robes and a "broad-brimmed, bullet-proof beaver hat, which he had covered over with velvet and lined it with steel and he also wore armour underneath his robes." King Charles refused to recognise the authority of the court and would not plead.  After declaring Charles I guilty as a "Tyrant, Traitor, Murderer, and a public enemy," Bradshaw did not allow the king any final words. Under English law, a condemned prisoner was no longer alive and therefore did not have the right to speak, and Bradshaw followed this tradition strictly.

Commonwealth and Protectorate

On 12 March 1649, Bradshaw was elected President of the Council of State, which was to act as the Executive of the country's government in place of the King and the Privy Council.
From 1 August 1649, Bradshaw also held the post of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. As Lord President he conducted trials of leading Royalists and condemned to death by beheading the Duke of Hamilton, Lord Capell, the Earl of Holland and Eusebius Andrews, for which he was well rewarded.

After wars in Scotland and Ireland, the Long Parliament had still not dissolved itself or called for re-elections. On 30 April 1653, Oliver Cromwell declared Parliament and the Council dissolved and soon assumed rule as Lord Protector calling elections for a new Parliament himself. After that date Bradshaw served as commissioner of the Duchy, jointly with Thomas Fell, until mounting differences with Cromwell culminated in his resignation in 1654.

Bradshaw, an ardent Republican, became an opponent of the Protectorate.  In 1654, he was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Stafford and Cheshire, but because he refused to sign the recognition pledge put on Members to declare their recognition of the new army-backed government, he took no seat for either constituency. In 1655, the Major-General in charge of Cheshire, Tobias Bridge, persuaded leading gentry not to enter Bradshaw as the county's parliamentary candidate at elections to the next parliament.

After Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, his son Richard succeeded him as Lord Protector and reinstated Bradshaw as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.  Bradshaw was elected MP for Cheshire in the Third Protectorate Parliament in 1659. During the same year, Bradshaw moved to Westminster after falling dangerously ill with a 'quartan ague' or malaria.

In October 1659, various subordinate members of the army sabotaged General Lambert's and General Ludlow's support of the Long Parliament.  Colonel Morley, Major Grimes, and Colonel Sydenham eventually gained their points, and placed guards both by land and water, to hinder the members of Parliament from approaching the House.  During these disorders, the Council of State still assembled at the usual place and the:

He died on 31 October 1659, aged 57. He was buried with great honours at Westminster Abbey. The eulogy was given by John Rowe. On his deathbed Bradshaw said that if called upon to try the King again he would be "the first man in England to do it".

Posthumous execution
Charles II returned to power in 1660. On 30 January 1661, the twelfth anniversary of the regicide, the bodies of Bradshaw, Cromwell and Henry Ireton were ordered to be exhumed and displayed in chains all day on the gallows at Tyburn. At sunset, the three bodies that had been displayed publicly as those of the three judges being executed posthumously were all beheaded.  The bodies were thrown into a common pit and the heads displayed on pikes at Westminster Hall. Samuel Pepys wrote in his diary that he saw the heads there on 5 February. The body of Bradshaw's wife was also exhumed from Westminster Abbey and, along with the remains of other Parliamentarians buried at Westminster, reburied in a common pit at St Margaret's, Westminster.

Jamaica connection
Some sources claim that the body of Bradshaw had previously been removed by his son, James or John Bradshaw, who re-buried his father's remains on a hill near Martha's Brae on Jamaica and marked the spot with a cannon.  A location now known as "Gun Hill" is 2.5 miles south-west of the northern port city of Falmouth, in Trelawny Parish. One of the three men had children who removed to Highland County, Virginia.  James Bradshaw acquired the land in Jamaica where his father's remains were buried. Several sources recorded an inscription with the cannon found on Gun Hill, Jamaica, and attribute the quote Rebellion to tyrants is obedience to God to John Bradshaw.

Legacy

While some political philosophers have defended Bradshaw, most legal authorities have taken the view expressed in 1999 by Michael Kirby (then a Justice of the High Court of Australia) that the High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I, of which Bradshaw was president, was illegal. However, in his 2005 book The Tyrannicide Brief (a biography of John Cook, the prosecutor at the trial), Geoffrey Robertson Q.C. put forward the argument that while the court was illegal due to the political settlement reached at the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, the trial anticipated the developments in humanitarian law in the second half of the 20th century, and that the leading participants in the trial are to be admired rather than condemned.

Bradshaw in popular culture
 Bradshaw was played by Stratford Johns in the 1970 historical drama film Cromwell.
 Bradshaw appears in several short stories set in the alternate history 1632 Series.'' In that series, King Charles discovers his future fate by reading books brought to the past in the time-displaced town of Grantville and orders the arrest of execution of almost everyone who would later have been involved in his trial and execution. In one story, John Milton is told by his father that Bradshaw has been executed, but several other stories say that Bradshaw escaped from England and journeyed to Grantville, becoming one of the town's junior district attorneys, and becoming part of a government-in-exile that plots to overthrow Charles and his tyrannical ministers.

Notes

References

.

External links

Biography of John Bradshaw British Civil Wars website

1602 births
1659 deaths
Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster
17th-century English judges
People from Stockport
Regicides of Charles I
People convicted under a bill of attainder
People educated at The King's School, Macclesfield
Members of Gray's Inn
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Stafford
English MPs 1654–1655


text:
Component Object Model (COM) er en måde at lave softwarekomponenter på, der blev introduceret af Microsoft i 1993. Det bruges til at gøre det muligt for komponenter at kommunikere med hinanden og til at lave komponenter i et af de programmeringssprog der understøtter teknologien. Order COM bruges ofte bredt i softwareudviklingsbranchen om flere teknologier: OLE, OLE Automation, ActiveX, COM+ og DCOM. Selvom COM blev introduceret i 1993, begyndte Microsoft ikke at lægge vægt på ordet før i 1997.

Selvom det er lavet til flere forskellige styresystemer bruges det primært i Microsoft Windows. Det forventes at COM i det store og hele bliver erstattet af Microsoft .NET og Web Services via Windows Communications Foundation (WCF). DCOM brugte binære formater til netværkskommunikation mens WCF bruger XML-baserede SOAP-beskeder. COM konkurrerer også med CORBA og Java Beans som måder at lave komponentbaserede systemer.

Referencer

Software fra Microsoft


text:
SV Vespo is een voetbalclub uit Rincon, Bonaire. SV Vespo speelt in het Antonio Trenidatstadion.

Als kampioen of de nummer twee van Bonaire nam de club ook deel in de Kopa Antiano waarin om het kampioenschap van de Nederlandse Antillen werd gestreden.

Erelijst
Bonaire League
 kampioen in 1995, 2007
 finalist in 2021

Voetbal in Bonaire
Vespo


text:
Les poissons dans la culture des populations humaines en contact avec ces animaux ont toujours occupé une place particulière. Dans la culture occidentale, les grands poissons prédateurs, en particulier les requins, ont souvent nourri des histoires d'horreur.

Le poisson a une signification symbolique dans de nombreuses religions. Le poisson est souvent utilisé comme symbole par les chrétiens pour représenter Jésus, ou le christianisme en général. Les évangiles se réfèrent aussi aux «pêcheurs d'hommes» et nourrissent la multitude. Dans le dhamma du bouddhisme, les poissons symbolisent le bonheur car ils ont une liberté totale de mouvement dans l'eau. Souvent dessinées sous la forme de carpes qui sont considérées en Orient comme sacrées en raison de leur beauté élégante, la taille et la durée de vie. Parmi les divinités qui prennent la forme d'un poisson se trouvent Ika-Roa des Polynésiens, Dagon de divers peuples sémitiques anciens, les dieux-requins d'Hawaï et Matsya des Hindous.

Récits fondateurs

Mythologie polynésienne
 Dans la littérature orale de Samoa, Tinilau est un dieu gardien des poissons.

Mythologie égyptienne

 Le tilapia, poisson qui a coutume de mettre ses petits dans sa bouche en cas de danger et de les laisser ressortir une fois la menace passée, est associé à la déesse Hathor, emblème de la résurrection.
 Lorsque Seth découpa le corps d'Osiris en 14 morceaux et les dispersa dans le monde, seuls 13 furent retrouvés. Le  (le sexe) avait été dévoré par un poisson.

Mythologie gréco-romaine
 Triton est une divinité marine, fils de Poséidon et d'Amphitrite. Il est figuré avec une tête et un buste d'homme et une queue de poisson.

Mythologie celtique

Judéo-christianisme
 Selon la tradition juive, Dieu servira aux justes Léviathan, poisson monstrueux, comme nourriture à la fin des temps.
 Jonas, selon la Bible (Jonas, 2:1), a passé trois jours et trois nuits dans le ventre d'un poisson :
 Après sa résurrection, Jésus, sur les bords du lac de Tibériade, prépare sur la braise un repas de poissons pour les disciples. Déjà lors des multiplications des pains, il avait fait distribuer du poisson aux foules affamées.
 Très tôt, le poisson deviendra un symbole majeur du christianisme primitif.
 Le poisson est devenu pour les catholiques le repas du vendredi, mais aussi le mets de pénitence et du temps de carême, ainsi que la nourriture ordinaire des religieux.

Légendes du Moyen Âge

 Les sirènes était des êtres mi-femme mi-poisson.

Astronomie

Astrologie

 Poissons (astrologie)
 Poissons (constellation)
 Astrologie populaire
 Ère des Poissons

Arts

Arts graphiques et plastiques
Le poisson rouge de Paul Klee

Les poissons rouges de Henri Matisse

Le poisson de Joan Miro

Le poisson volant de Calder

Dans diverses cultures, de l'Antiquité à nos jours, le poisson a été l'objet de très nombreuses œuvres.

Musique
 La Truite de Franz Schubert.
 Chansons : « la Maman des poissons » et « le Poisson Fa » de Boby Lapointe.
 Chanson enfantine : "Les petits poissons dans l'eau"

Cinéma
 Gang de requins, film d'animation.
 Le Cauchemar de Darwin, film documentaire portant sur la pêche de la perche du Nil dans le Lac Victoria.
 Le Monde de Nemo, film d'animation avec comme héros un poisson clown.
 Les dents de la mer, film dramatique et de suspens dans la station balnéaire d'Amity

Poésie
 Sardines à l'huile et  Les poissons mélomanes  poèmes issus des Petites élégies falotes  du recueil La négresse blonde de Georges Fourest.

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Poisson
 Poisson (aliment)
 Les gros poissons mangent les petits
 À queue de poisson (héraldique)
  (catégorie)
 Requins dans la culture populaire
 Épaulards dans la culture populaire

Liens externes

Bibliographie

Références


text:
Port lotniczy Dandong (IATA: DDG, ICAO: ZYDD) – port lotniczy położony w Dandong, w prowincji Liaoning, w Chińskiej Republice Ludowej.

Przypisy

Dandong


text:
The Fourth Sister is de zevende aflevering in het eerste seizoen van Charmed. De aflevering is geschreven door Edithe Swensen en geregisseerd door Git Adler.

Verhaal

Enkel Prue heeft zo haar bedenkingen, wanneer Aviva, een tiener, Kit de vermiste kat van de Halliwells terug brengt, en direct over Wicca wil praten.

Aviva woont tijdelijk bij haar tante Jackie, totdat haar moeder afgekickt is van de drugs. In haar eenzaamheid heeft Aviva de tovenares in de spiegel Kali opgeroepen, om haar een deel van de Halliwell familie te maken. Kali wil het naïeve meisje gebruiken, om de magie van de Charmed Ones te bemachtigen, Kali de tovenares geeft Aviva ook magische krachten, maar wanneer Aviva per ongeluk haar tante verwond, en Phoebe bijna dood met een vuurbal is ze zo gechoqueerd door de enorme kracht, van haar gekregen magische kracht. Geholpen door het Boek Der Schimmen (Book Of Shadows), zijn de Charmed Ones voorbereid wanneer Kali in het lichaam van Aviva dringt. Piper bevriest Aviva/Kali, waardoor de geest uit het lichaam van Aviva wordt gedwongen. Prue gooit Kali door haar telekinetische krachten in een spiegel, waarop Phoebe het glas van de spiegel breekt en zo Kali haar bestaan vernietigt, en Aviva gered is. Piper en Phoebe vechten voor de aandacht van Leo Wyatt.

Referenties
 Titels van afleveringen van Charmed verwijzen altijd expliciet of impliciet naar andere titels of zaken. De titel van deze aflevering verwijst naar Paul Verhoeven zijn film The Fourth Men uit (1983).
 Kali is afkomstig uit het Hindoe geloof. (Kali is de moedergodin, partner van Shiva en wordt vaak afgebeeld als een lachende naakte vrouw met bebloede tanden. Kali aanbidders geven haar vaak offers om haar gunstig gezind te zijn. Als Bhavani, werd ze opgeroepen door het geheime broederschap van de 18de-eeuwse moordenaars en gangsters het genootschap noemde zichzelf Thugs. Calcutta ontleende zijn naam van Kalighata, een tempel opgedragen aan Kali).
 Lethal Weapon III actiefilm van (1992) met acteurs Mel Gibson, Danny Glover naar een verhaal van Jeffrey Boam in een regie van Richard Donner.
 Double Indemnity, een film noir van Billy Wilder uit 1944 met acteurs Fred MacMurray en Barbara Stanwyck, naar een verhaal van James M.Cain.
 Body Heat een thriller uit (1981) met acteurs Kathleen Turner, William Hurt, Mickey Rourke naar een verhaal van Lauwrence Kazdan, in een regie van Lauwrence Kazdan.
 The Simpsons animatie reeks van (1989- heden) gecreëerd door Matt Groening.
 De cultuur van de Maya.
 Chianti, Italiaanse wijnsoort.

Foutjes
De volgende fouten zijn in deze aflevering te ontdekken:
 Aviva beschikt over kwaadaardige krachten die ze van Kali ter beschikking krijgt, wanneer Piper de kamer bevriest, beweegt Aviva
 Aviva haar zwarte lippenstift verdwijnt en komt weer terug in verschillende shots.
 Kit hist altijd naar ieder boosaardig wezen, maar reageert niet wanneer Aviva haar opneemt in Kali haar aanwezigheid
 Wanneer Kali verschijnt in Phoebe haar spiegel terwijl ze slaapt, is er een shot waar het bed leeg is.
 Aviva legt haar trui in de sunroom, maar later ligt ze onverklaard in de keuken.
 Phoebe's haarlengte verandert tussen scènes.
 Piper beschuldigt Phoebe ervan dat ze haar vriendje Billy Wilson heeft gekust bij het eindejaarsbal van de oud-studenten. Piper is twee tot drie jaar ouder dan Phoebe, en Phoebe zegt terloops dat dit gebeurde terwijl ze in de achtste klas zat, dan moet Phoebe 13 jaar zijn geweest, wat deed een 13-jarige bij een oud-studenten bal.
 Prue leest het dagboek van Aviva op de kamer van Aviva een heel andere pagina wordt getoond in een shot, dan de tekst die Prue hardop leest.

1 Fourth Sister


text:
Kairat Almaty (Kazachs Қайрат ФК Алматы, Qaırat Almaty) is een Kazachse voetbalclub uit Almaty.

Geschiedenis

Sovjet-Unie
De club werd opgericht in 1954 onder de naam FK Lokomotiv Alma-Ata (Russisch ФК Локомотив Алма-Ата), maar al in 1955 ging de club verder als FK Oerozjaj Alma-Ata (Russisch ФК Урожай Алма-Ата). Zoals veel clubs in de voormalige Sovjet-Unie zou dit niet de laatste naamswijziging zijn die de club zou ondergaan, want in 1956 duikt voor het eerst de naam FK Kairat Alma-Ata (Russisch ФК Кайрат Алма-Ата) op, nadat de club FK Kolchozsji zich bij de nieuwe club heeft aangesloten.

In 1960 promoveert de club voor het eerst naar de Sovjet Top Liga, de voetbaldivisie in de voormalige USSR; in 1963 bereikt de ploeg de halve finales van de strijd om de Sovjet-beker, maar is daarin niet opgewassen tegen FK Sjachtar Donetsk, dat in de verlenging met 1-2 wint. Dit is voor de val van de Sovjet-Unie de beste prestatie van een club uit de Kazachse SSR ooit, nog geheel afgezien van het feit dat FK Kairat Alma-Ata de enige club uit de republiek was die erin slaagde om de Sovjet Top Liga te bereiken. In 1965 degradeert de club echter weer, maar keert een jaar later weer terug op het hoogste niveau. In 1970 moet de club weer één jaar lang in de eerste divisie spelen. In 1971, als de club weer present is in de Top Liga, wint ze haar (tot nu toe) enige internationale prijs: in de Spoorwegcup (een bekercompetitie voor clubs uit bij de Comecon aangesloten landen) verslaat FK Kairat Alma-Ata achtereenvolgens Lokomotiva Košice, Slavia Sofia en (in de finale) Rapid Boekarest. In 1974 volgt echter de derde degradatie; twee jaar later, in 1976, wordt de club kampioen van de Perwaja Liga en keert terug naar de eliteklasse; het verblijf op het hoogste niveau duurt ditmaal zes jaar, maar in 1982 moet de club weer stapje terug doen;in 1983 wordt de tweede titel in de Perwaja Liga gevierd en van 1984 tot en met 1988 doet de club weer mee in de Sovjet Top Liga en bereikt in 1986 de hoogte positie ooit: de 7de plaats; de laatste drie jaar in het bestaan van de Sovjet-Unie brengt de club in de relatieve anonimiteit van de eerste divisie door.

Op de all-time ranglijst van de voormalige Sovjet-Russische "eredivisie" neemt FK Kairat Alma-Ata met 686 punten uit 780 wedstrijden de 14de plaats in. In 1977 is Seilda Baisjakov van FK Kairat Alma-Ata als eerste Kazachse speler geselecteerd voor het nationale team van de Sovjet-Unie; in 1989 wordt Kairat-aanvaller Evstafij Pehlevanidi de eerste Kazachse voetballer die een contract in het buitenland tekent (bij het Griekse APO Levadiakos).

Kazachstan
De deelnames aan de hoogste en een na hoogste Sovjet-divisies hebben de club een voorsprong bezorgd ten opzichte van de andere clubs uit de Kazachse SSR, zodat het niet verwonderlijk is dat Kairat Alma-Ata (zoals de club voorlopig in de nieuwe Kazachse spelling heet: Қайрат ФК Алма-Ата) na de onafhankelijkheid de eerste landskampioen en bekerwinnaar wordt. De ontwikkelingen in de nieuwe Centraal-Aziatische republieken staan echter niet stil, zodat de club in de jaren daarna afglijdt. In 1994 krijgt de - dan nog - hoofdstad van het land een Kazachse naam: Almaty, dus de club heet vanaf dan FC Kairat Almaty (Kazachs Қайрат ФК Алматы). Hoewel de ploeg in 1997 nog als derde in de Premjer-Liga (Kazachstan) eindigt en de beker wint, geeft de plaatselijke politiek voor het seizoen 1998 de voorkeur aan CSKA Almatı FK, dat voor de gelegenheid uitgedost wordt met de naam CSKA-Kairat Almaty. Kairat Almaty krijgt vanaf 1998 de naam SOPFK Kairat Almaty (Kazachs СОПФК Қайрат Алматы) en in datzelfde jaar dwingt de club onmiddellijke promotie af door op de tweede plaats van de Pervoj-Liga te eindigden, zodat nu beide ploegen in de hoogste klasse vertegenwoordigd zijn. De bekerwinst levert Kairat Almaty in 1997/98 wel een startticket op voor het toernooi om de Aziatische beker voor bekerwinnaars. Daarin schakelt de ploeg in de eerste ronde het Tadzjiekse Vaxc Qurghonteppa uit, maar in de tweede ronde moet ze op doelsaldo het hoofd buigen voor de Turkmeense topclub Köpetdag Aşgabat. In 2000/01 mag de club voor de tweede en laatste maal deelnemen aan de Aziatische beker voor bekerwinnaars; in de eerste ronde schakelt men weer een Tadzjiekse club uit: Regar-TadAZ Tursunzoda. In de tweede ronde stuit de ploeg wederom op een Turkmeense tegenstander: Nebitçi Balkanabat wordt aan de kant geschoven, maar in de kwartfinale blijkt het Iraanse Esteghlal FC een maatje te groot. In 2001 verandert de naam van de club weer eens in Kairat Almaty.

Omdat de Kazachse voetbalbond in 2002 de overstap maakte van de AFC naar de UEFA, mag de club in 2002 z'n debuut maken in de UEFA Cup. In 2004 wordt de club voor de tweede maal kampioen van Kazachstan. Ook de beker wordt meegenomen naar Almatı: de twee keer dat de club kampioen is geworden, pakt ze dus ook meteen de dubbel. Het seizoen daarna neemt de club voor het eerst deel - en voorlopig voor het laatst - aan de (voorrondes van de) Champions League; een jaar volgt weer een kortstondig optreden in de UEFA Cup.

Hoewel de club in 2008 10de werd, besloot het om financiële redenen om een jaar in de Pervoj-Liga te gaan spelen, maar in 2010 was de club weer present op het hoogste niveau.

Erelijst
 Perwaja Liga (Sovjet-Unie)
 Winnaar in 1970, 1983
 Spoorwegcup (Sovjet-Unie)
 Winnaar in 1971
 Landskampioen van Kazachstan
 in 1992, 2004, 2020
 Beker van Kazachstan
 Winnaar in 1992, 1996, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021
 Finalist in 2004, 2005, 2016
 Supercup
 Winnaar in 2016, 2017

Historie in de Premjer-Liga

Naamsveranderingen
Alle naamswijzigingen van de club op een rijtje:

Qayrat FK Almatı in Azië

 1 = 1e ronde
 2 = 2e ronde
 KF = Kwartfinale

In Europa

Kairat Almaty speelt sinds 2002 in diverse Europese competities. Hieronder staan de competities en in welke seizoenen de club deelnam:
Champions League (2x)
2005/06, 2021/22
Europa League (8x)
2014/15, 2015/16, 2016/17, 2017/18, 2018/19, 2019/20, 2020/21, 2021/22
Europa Conference League (2x)
2021/22, 2022/23
UEFA Cup (2x)
2002/03, 2006/07

Bekende (ex-)spelers


text:
A herszoni csata az orosz és az ukrán erők közötti katonai összecsapás volt, amely 2022. február 24-én kezdődött, a dél-ukrajnai offenzíva részeként, a 2022-es ukrajnai orosz invázió során.

Herszon volt az első ukrán nagyváros és az egyetlen területi székhely, amelyet az orosz erők elfoglaltak a dél-ukrajnai offenzíva során.

Orosz offenzíva és Herszon elfoglalása
Az orosz erők február 24-én dél felől a Krím-félszigeten keresztül behatoltak a Herszoni területre, Volodimir Zelenszkij ukrán elnök kijelentette: "Csapataink heves harcokat vívnak Herszon külvárosának közelében, az ellenség a megszállt Krím felől nyomul, Melitopol felé próbál előrenyomulni". Február 24-én estére az orosz erők elérték Herszon városát, és biztosították az Antonyivkai hidat, amely stratégiai fontosságú átkelőt biztosít a Dnyeper folyón és a fontos csomópontváros, Mikolajiv felé.

Február 25-én a kora reggeli órákra az ukrán erők visszafoglalták a hidat egy hevesnek mondható ütközetben, amelynek során halott katonák és több megsemmisült katonai jármű hevert a hídon. Az ellentámadás arra kényszerítette az oroszokat, hogy észak felé nyomuljanak, és elfoglalják a Dnyeper legközelebbi átkelőjét, Nova Kahovka városát. Az orosz csapatok később a nap folyamán ismét elfoglalták az Antonyivkai hidat.

Február 26-án Ihor Kolihajev, Herszon polgármestere kijelentette, hogy az orosz erők visszavonultak Herszonból, miután az ukrán légierő csapást mért az orosz páncélozott járművekre, így a város ukrán ellenőrzés alatt maradhatott. Anton Herascsenko, Ukrajna belügyminiszterének tanácsadója később azt állította, hogy az orosz hadsereg egy oszlopát az ukrán erők legyőzték a Herszontól délre fekvő Oleski város közelében. Később az ukrán főügyész, Irina Venegyiktova azt állította, hogy az orosz erők megöltek egy újságírót és egy mentőautó sofőrjét Herszon közelében. Venegyiktova kijelentette, hogy az ukrán bűnüldöző szervek büntetőeljárást indítottak a lövöldözések ügyében.

Február 27-én reggel az orosz védelmi minisztérium közölte, hogy az orosz erők bekerítették Herszon városát, és ukrán tisztviselők szerint elfoglalták a város egy részét, beleértve a Herszoni nemzetközi repülőteret is. Később a délelőtt folyamán az ukrán légierő állítólag sikeres dróncsapást hajtott végre az orosz erők ellen a Herszontól északra fekvő Csornobajivka városában.

Ukrán tisztviselők azt állították, hogy február 27-től kezdődően az orosz erők a közeli falvakból civileket kezdtek Herszon felé mozgatni, és megpróbálták a civileket emberi pajzsként használni.

Március
Március 1-jén kora reggel ukrán tisztviselők azt állították, hogy az orosz erők új támadást indítottak Herszon ellen, és a Herszon nemzetközi repülőtérről a Herszon és Mikolajiv közötti autópályára nyomultak előre. Az orosz erők heves ágyúzás közben bekerítették a várost, és elérték az autópályát, majd Komisani faluig nyomultak előre, mielőtt ellenőrzőpontot állítottak fel. Az orosz erők később a nap folyamán behatoltak Herszonba. Kolihajev leírta a város polgáraira gyakorolt hatásokat, és kijelentette, hogy sokan otthonukban és óvóhelyeken maradtak. Azt is állította, hogy a harcok során iskolák és magas épületek rongálódtak meg, míg a lakóházakat az orosz erők lőtték. Kolihajev azt is állította, hogy március 1-jén orosz katonák Molotov-koktélokkal felfegyverzett polgárokra lőttek.

Március 2-án kora reggel Kolihajev arról számolt be, hogy az orosz erők elfoglaltak egy vasútállomást és egy folyami kikötőt. Később a délelőtt folyamán orosz erőket láttak a Szabadság téren, Herszon központjában, ahol a területi közigazgatás épülete található. Az orosz védelmi minisztérium később azt állította, hogy elfoglalták a várost, míg ukrán és amerikai tisztviselők tagadták az állítást, és kijelentették, hogy a harcok folytatódnak.

Később, március 2-án egy körülbelül tíz orosz katonából álló csoport, köztük egy parancsnok, behatolt a városi tanács épületébe, és tárgyalásokat kezdett Koljkajevvel. Aznap este Kolihajev bejelentette, hogy feladta a várost, és hogy az orosz parancsnok katonai közigazgatást szándékozik felállítani. Kolihajev elismerte, hogy az ukrán hadsereg már nincs jelen Herszonban, egy másik tisztviselő pedig kijelentette, hogy az orosz hadsereg a város minden részében jelen van. Kolihajev szerint a harcban mintegy 300 ukrán katona és civil vesztette életét, és a város infrastruktúrája súlyos pusztítást szenvedett. Azt is elmondta, hogy a holttesteket tömegsírokba temették, és sok maradvány felismerhetetlen.

Az ukrán ellentámadások következtében 2022 novemberére tarthatatlanná vált az orosz megszálló csapatok helyzete, ezért az orosz védelmi minisztérium november 9-én bejelentette, hogy feladja Herszont és a Herszoni területnek a Dnyeper bal oldalán lévő részét és kivonul onnan.

Kapcsolódó szócikkek

 A Herszoni terület orosz megszállása

Fordítás

Jegyzetek

2022-es orosz invázió Ukrajna ellen
Ukrajna csatái
Oroszország csatái
Herszoni terület


text:
Desa Karanggebang kan syfta på följande platser:

Indonesien

 Desa Karanggebang (administrativ by i Indonesien, lat -7,94, long 111,49), Jawa Timur,
 Desa Karanggebang (administrativ by i Indonesien, lat -7,95, long 111,48), Jawa Timur,

Robotskapade Indonesienförgreningar


text:
Pascal Richard (Vevey, Vaud, 16 de març de 1964) va ser un ciclista suís, que fou professional entre el 1986 i el 2000. Durant aquests anys aconseguí més de 60 victòries, destacant 4 etapes al Giro d'Itàlia, 2 al Tour de França, dos Campionats de Suïssa en ruta, la Volta a Llombardia de 1993 i la Lieja-Bastogne-Lieja de 1996.

El 1996 va guanyar la medalla d'or de la prova en ruta del Jocs Olímpics d'Atlanta.

Palmarès
 1985
 1r al Gran Premi Guillem Tell
 1986
  Campió de Suïssa de muntanya
 Vencedor d'una etapa de la Volta a Astúries
 1987
  Campió de Suïssa de muntanya
 1988
  Campió del món de ciclocròs
 1989
  Campió de Suïssa en ruta
  Campió de Suïssa de muntanya
 Vencedor d'una etapa del Tour de França
 1990
 1r al Tre Valli Varesine
 1991
  Campió de Suïssa de muntanya
 1r al Trofeu Laigueglia
 Vencedor de 2 etapes del Tour de Romandia
 Vencedor d'una etapa de la Tirrena-Adriàtica
 1993
  Campió de Suïssa en ruta
 1r a la Volta a Llombardia
 1r al Tour de Romandia i vencedor de 2 etapes
 1r al Giro del Lazio
 1r al Giro della Romagna
 1r al Trofeo dello Scalatore i vencedor de dos proves
 Vencedor d'una etapa del Critèrium Internacional
 1994
 1r al Tour de Romandia i vencedor de 2 etapes
 1r a la Volta a Suïssa i vencedor d'una etapa
 1r al Grosser Preis des Kantons Aargau
 Vencedor d'una etapa del Giro d'Itàlia i  1r del Gran Premi de la Muntanya
 Vencedor d'una etapa de la París-Niça
 1995
 1r al Giro del Lazio
 1r al Giro della Provincia di Reggio Calabria
 1r al Grosser Preis des Kantons Aargau
 1r al Trofeu Melinda
 Vencedor de 2 etapes del Giro d'Itàlia
 Vencedor d'una etapa de la París-Niça
 1996
  Or a la prova en ruta dels Jocs Olímpics de Los Angeles
 1r a la Lieja-Bastogne-Lieja
 Vencedor d'una etapa del Giro d'Itàlia
 Vencedor d'una etapa del Tour de França
 1999
 1r al Critèrium dels Abruços
 Vencedor d'una etapa de la Volta a Suïssa

Resultats al Giro d'Itàlia
 1992. 56è de la classificació general
 1994. 15è de la classificació general. Vencedor d'una etapa.  1r del Gran Premi de la Muntanya
 1995. 13è de la classificació general. Vencedor de 2 etapes
 1996. Abandona. Vencedor d'una etapa
 1999. 55è de la classificació general

Resultats al Tour de França
 1988. Abandona (3a etapa)
 1989. 23è de la classificació general. Vencedor d'una etapa
 1990. Abandona (14a etapa)
 1991. 49è de la classificació general
 1992. Abandona (5a etapa)
 1996. 47è de la classificació general. Vencedor d'una etapa

Resultats a la Volta a Espanya
 1997. 34è de la classificació general
 1998. 92è de la classificació general

Enllaços externs
 Fitxa de Pascal Richard a sitiodeciclismo.net

Ciclistes del Vaud
Campions del món de ciclocròs
Medallistes olímpics suïssos
Medallistes als Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1996
Esportistes suïssos als Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1996
Guanyadors d'etapa al Tour de França suïssos
Guanyadors d'etapa al Giro d'Itàlia suïssos
Vevey


text:
Рижский мирный договор 1921 года — договор между РСФСР (за себя и по полномочию правительства БССР), УССР с одной стороны, и Польской Республикой — с другой.

Подписан 18 марта 1921 года в Риге. Договор был составлен на русском, украинском и польском языках в трёх равноправных экземплярах и вступал в силу после его ратификации. 14 апреля 1921 года договор был ратифицирован Всероссийским ЦИК, 15 апреля — сеймом Польской республики, 17 апреля — ЦИК Украинской ССР.

С ратификацией договора завершилась советско-польская война (1919—1921).

Предыстория

Через несколько дней после свержения самодержавия в России, 14 марта 1917 г., Петроградский совет рабочих и  солдатских депутатов выпустил обращение «К польскому народу», провозгласив, что «Польша имеет право быть независимой в государственном и международном отношении». На  следующий день Временное правительство утвердило Положение о  Ликвидационной комиссии по делам царства Польского, которой поручалось провести «выявление местонахождения и  состояния имуществ государственных и  общественных учреждений царства Польского, определение условий хранения и заведования ими впредь до передачи их польскому государству».

В 1921 году была создана комиссия при Главархиве РСФСР по исполнению статьи IX Рижского мирного договора с Польшей. Комиссией руководил  М. К. Любавский, в её состав входили также Н. Ф. Бельчиков, С.К. Богоявленский и В. И. Пичета. Аналогичная комиссия под руководством А. Е. Преснякова возникла несколько позже и в Петрограде. На основании документов московской комиссии, которая провела десять заседаний с 23  апреля по 11  мая 1921 г., была подготовлена служебная записка председателя ЦИК БССР и СНК БССР А. Г. Червякова в Главархив РСФСР от 31 мая 1921 г. о недопущении выдачи Россией Литовской метрики какому-либо государству, кроме Белоруссии.

Основные положения
Договор установил границы между РСФСР, УССР, БССР и Польской Республикой.

К Польской Республике отошли обширные территории, находившиеся к востоку от линии Керзона, с преобладанием непольского населения — Западная Украина (западная часть Волынской губернии), Западная Белоруссия (Гродненская губерния) и часть территорий других губерний Российской империи.

Стороны обязывались не вести враждебной деятельности в отношении друг друга. Договором предусматривалось проведение переговоров о заключении торговых соглашений.

Советская сторона согласилась возвратить Польской Республике военные трофеи, все научные и культурные ценности, вывезенные с территории Царства Польского начиная с 1 января 1772 года, а также обязалась уплатить Польше в течение года 30 млн золотых рублей за вклад Царства Польского в хозяйственную жизнь Российской империи и передать польской стороне имущества на сумму 18 млн золотых рублей, то есть выплатить де-факто репарации. Польская Республика освобождалась от ответственности за долги и иные обязательства бывшей Российской империи.

Подписание договора
От имени РСФСР (в том числе и БССР) и УССР договор подписали:
 Адольф Абрамович Иоффе;
 Яков Станиславович Ганецкий;
 Эммануил Ионович Квиринг;
 Юрий Михайлович Коцюбинский;
 Леонид Леонидович Оболенский.

От Польской Республики:
 Ян Домбский;
 Станислав Каузик;
 Эдуард Лехович;
 Генрих Страсбургер;
 Леон Василевский.

Соблюдение договора
Вскоре после вступления договора в силу, в связи с поддержкой польским правительством антисоветских группировок, задержками с возвращением советских военнопленных и неблагоприятной ситуацией в лагерях для советских военнопленных, а также несоблюдением договорённостей о равноправии русских, украинцев и белорусов, проживавших в Польской Республике, у советской стороны возникли претензии к польской стороне по вопросам выполнения Польской Республикой условий договора.

См. также
 Военнопленные советско-польской войны
 Восточные кресы
 Западная Украина в составе Польши (1921—1939)
 Виленское воеводство
 Осадники

Примечания

Ссылки
  — сборник документов, включающий текст Рижского договора

Международные договоры Белоруссии
Международные договоры Польши
Международные договоры РСФСР
Международные договоры Украины
Советско-польская война
1921
18
Мирные договоры XX века
Появились в 1921 году в Белоруссии
1921 год в России
1921 год в Польше
Появились в 1921 году на Украине
1921 год в Латвии
1921 год в политике
История Риги
Статьи с эдитнотисом об осторожности при редактировании


text:
Strzelce Opolskie (polaco: Gmina Strzelce Opolskie) é uma gminy (comuna) na Polónia, na voivodia de Opole e no condado de Strzelecki. A sede do condado é a cidade de Strzelce Opolskie.

De acordo com os censos de 2004, a comuna tem 33 747 habitantes, com uma densidade 166,8 hab/km².

Área
Estende-se por uma área de 202,35 km², incluindo:
 área agricola: 59%
 área florestal: 30%

Demografia
Dados de 30 de Junho 2004:

De acordo com dados de 2002, o rendimento médio per capita ascendia a 1445,85 zł.

Subdivisões
 Adamowice, Błotnica Strzelecka, Brzezina, Dziewkowice, Farska Kolonia, Grodzisko, Jędrynie, Kadłub, Kadłubski Piec, Kalinowice, Kalinów, Ligota Dolna, Ligota Górna, Mokre Łany, Niwki, Nowa Wieś, Osiek, Płużnica Wielka, Rozmierka, Rozmierz, Rożniątów, Sucha, Suche Łany, Szczepanek, Szymiszów, Szymiszów-Osiedle, Warmątowice.

Comunas vizinhas
 Gogolin, Izbicko, Jemielnica, Kolonowskie, Leśnica, Ozimek, Toszek, Ujazd, Wielowieś, Zdzieszowice

Ligações externas

Strzelce Opolskie


text:
Petrosia cretacea är en svampdjursart som först beskrevs av Schmidt 1870.  Petrosia cretacea ingår i släktet Petrosia och familjen Petrosiidae.

Artens utbredningsområde är Florida. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Horn- och kiselsvampar
cretacea


text:
Oleg Vladímirovich Kuznetsov (Magdeburgo, República Democrática Alemana, 22 de marzo de 1963), es un exfutbolista ucraniano, nacido en la antigua RDA.

Como futbolista internacional, jugó para las selecciones de la Unión Soviética, Ucrania y el CEI.

Clubes

Futbolistas de la República Democrática Alemana
Futbolistas de la Unión Soviética en la Copa Mundial de 1986
Futbolistas de la Unión Soviética en la Copa Mundial de 1990
Futbolistas de Ucrania
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol de Ucrania en los años 1990
Futbolistas del FC Dinamo de Kiev
Futbolistas del Rangers Football Club
Futbolistas del Maccabi Haifa
Futbolistas de la Unión Soviética en la Eurocopa 1988
Futbolistas de la Comunidad de Estados Independientes en la Eurocopa 1992
Emigrantes alemanes hacia Ucrania
Nacidos en Magdeburgo


text:
Serge Lang (19. května 1927 Paříž, Francie – 12. září 2005 Berkeley, Kalifornie, USA) byl francouzský matematik, člen skupiny Nicolas Bourbaki. Je známý především díky práci v oblasti teorie čísel a jako autor několika známých matematických učebnic. V době svého úmrtí působil jako emeritní profesor na Yaleově univerzitě.

Lang také pracoval v teorii polí a v oblasti diofantických aproximací, v teorii transcendentních čísel poupravil výsledky Theodora Schneidera, dnes známé jako Schneiderova-Langova věta. Zformuloval také množství domněnek v oblasti diofantické geometrie. Byl také aktivním odpůrcem války ve Vietnamu.

Reference

Externí odkazy

Muži
Narození 19. května
Narození v roce 1927
Úmrtí v roce 2005
Úmrtí 12. září
Francouzští matematici
Američtí matematici
Francouzští pacifisté
Narození v Saint-Germain-en-Laye


text:
Corcelles-sur-Chavornay är en ort i kommunen Chavornay i kantonen Vaud i Schweiz. Den ligger cirka 20,5 kilometer norr om Lausanne. Orten har 360 invånare (2021).

Orten var före den 1 januari 2017 en egen kommun, men inkorporerades då tillsammans med Essert-Pittet in i kommunen Chavornay.

Kommentarer

Referenser

Externa länkar

Orter i Vaud
Tidigare kommuner i Vaud


text:
Scalarituba Weller, 1899 es un paragénero de icnofósiles de facies marina profunda a superficial y lacustre presente en rocas sedimentarias del periodo Ordovícico a la actualidad. Es formada por anélidos o poliquetos y presenta variantes preservacionales.

Las trazas de este icnotaxón están formadas por un rastro meandriforme paralelo u oblicuo al sustrato de entre 2 y 10 milímetros de diámetro. Aparece profusamente meniscado cada 2 a 3 milímetros con material similar al de la roca circundante, posee también crestas trasversales cada 1 o 2 milímetros que le dan apariencia escaleriforme y pelets fecales. Aunque los meandros descritos por el fósil no son muy cerrados aparecen con mucha frecuencia de modo que el rastro nunca es recto más unos pocos centímetros. Existen varias variantes de este icnofósil según el tipo de conservación que presente. La traza más completa es la que se ha descrito pero en el epirelieve de su superficie inferior se muestran únicamente las marcas formadas por los meniscos de forma muy similar a como aparecen en Neonereites mientras que el epirelieve superior se observan principalmente las crestas trasversales escaleriformes haciéndolo muy parecido a Phyllodicites. Los propios restos de Scalarituba pueden ser igualmente considerados variantes preservacionales de Nereites.

Scalarituba se interpreta como los rastros de alimentación de tipo pascichnia de anélidos, poliquetos u otros organismos similares. En estos rastros los animales se desplazan removiendo el sustrato y acumulándolo tras de sí junto a restos fecales.

Referencias

Icnofósiles


text:
Pamela A. Neville-Sington ( Neville; March 30, 1959 – March 1, 2017) was an American literary biographer and authority on the life and works of Fanny Trollope, Anthony Trollope, and Robert Browning.

Early life
Pamela Neville was born in Cleveland, Ohio, on March 30, 1959. She received her advanced education at Harvard University followed by Oxford and a PhD at the Warburg Institute for which David Starkey was one of the examiners and which was published in volume III of The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain as "Press, politics and religion".

Career
While completing her PhD, she worked as a freelance cataloguer for the rival booksellers Bernard Quaritch and Maggs. While at Maggs she discovered the printer Manuzio's copy of the first Latin translation of five mathematical treatises of Archimedes by Commandinus, an important document of the Renaissance that had been overlooked by the firm for 60 years.

Her first sole-authored book was Fanny Trollope: The Life and Adventures of a Clever Woman (1997) which her obituary writer in The Times thought appropriate to the author and the subject. The book examined the relationship between Fanny and her son Anthony Trollope in detail and shed new light on it. Neville-Sington also argued that Fanny, not Anthony, was the true originator of the repertoire of characters known as "Trollopian" such as the country parson and that Fanny was the basis for her son's character Glencora Palliser. She then edited a new edition of Fanny's Domestic Manners of the Americans for Penguin for which she also provided the introduction and notes and wrote the entry on Fanny for the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

In 2004, she produced Robert Browning: A Life After Death, which one reviewer described as "the best popular Browning biography for the past 60 years" and another as having "the quality of a superior Victorian novel".

In her forties, Neville-Sington was diagnosed with glaucoma which inhibited her examination of the primary sources she used to write biographies. She moved on to different forms of writing.

Personal life
In 1987, she married David Sington, a documentary filmmaker who worked for the BBC, with whom she collaborated on a book on the influence of utopian thought. The couple had no children. A dog lover from youth when she had a poodle, she later kept Samoyeds whose breed history she studied carefully.

Death
Neville-Sington died of pancreatic cancer on March 1, 2017.

Selected publications

Authored
 Paradise dreamed: How utopian thinkers have changed the modern world. Bloomsbury, London, 1993. (With David Sington)
 Fanny Trollope: The life and adventures of a clever woman. Viking, London, 1997.
 Richard Hakluyt and his books &c. Hakluyt Society, 1997. (Hakluyt Society annual talk 1996) (With Anthony Payne)
 "A primary purchase bibliography" in L.E. Pennington (Ed.) The purchase handbook, 2 vols., 2nd series, Hakluyt Society, London, II, 528, 1997.
 "A very good trumpet" in Cedric C. Brown & Arthur F. Marotti (Eds.) Texts and cultural change in early modern England. Palgrave, 1997.
 "Press, politics and religion" in
 Robert Browning: A life after death. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2004.
 "Trollope, Frances (1779–1863)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.

Edited
Trollope, Fanny. (1997) Domestic manners of the Americans. London: Penguin. (With introduction and notes)

References

External links
Pamela Neville-Sington talking about Robert Browning.

1959 births
2017 deaths
American biographers
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
People from Cleveland Heights, Ohio
Harvard University alumni
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Alumni of the Warburg Institute
American emigrants to the United Kingdom
Contributors to the Dictionary of National Biography


text:
El cuarteto para piano y cuerdas n.º 3, en do menor, op. 60 de Johannes Brahms fue esbozado en 1856 y completado en 1875 en las vacaciones de verano que pasó en Ziegelhausen, cerca de Heidelberg. El cuarteto fue publicado en 1875 y estrenado en febrero de 1876 en Wiesbaden, con el mismo Brahms sentado al piano.

El esbozo de la obra fue escrito en do menor bemol, en 1856, cuando Brahms se encontraba en el período que se ha dado a conocer como Sturm und Drang. Y sobre el primer movimiento se sabe que Brahms confió a su amigo Herman Dieters en 1868 que debía "imaginar a un hombre que se va a volar la cabeza, es para él la única solución". Muchos ven en este cuarteto una imagen del amor imposible que sentía Brahms por Clara Schumann.

La obra está escrita para piano, violín, viola y chelo, y está dividida en cuatro movimientos:

 Allegro non troppo, en Do menor
 Scherzo: Allegro, en Do mayor
 Andante, en Mi mayor
 Finale: Allegro comodo, en Do mayor

Tiene una duración aproximada de 33 minutos.

Referencias
 Brahms, his life and work, Karl Geiringer, 3ª edición. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80223-6
 Guide de la Musique de Chambre, ed. Tranchefort. Fayard (hay versión en español). ISBN 978-2-213-02403-5

Enlaces externos

Música de cámara de Johannes Brahms
brahms 3
brahms 3
brahms 3
brahms 3
Composiciones en do menor
Composiciones en do mayor
Composiciones en mi mayor


text:
Vadim Uraneff (6 February 1895 – 5 April 1952) was a Russian actor and librettist who helped John Barrymore and Katharine Hepburn when it was hoped they would appear in The Song of Solomon.

He was also a mime who played Lucianus in Hamlet in the Ballet Russe. As theater critic, he explained in 1923:
The [vaudeville] actor works with the idea of an immediate response from the audience: and with regard to its demands. By cutting out everything -every line, gesture, movement- to which the audience does not react and by improvising new thins, he establishes unusual unity between the audience and himself... Stylization in gesture, pose, misen-scène and make-up follows as a result of long experiment before the primitive spectator whose power as judge is absolute.

He translated the lyric drama Star (The) Woman from Russian alongside P. Colum.

He directed the theatre drama Anathema by L. N. Andreev at the Apollo Theater, New York.

He is buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery.

Filmography
 I Believed in You (1934) as Xandy vendor
 Friends and Lovers (1931) as Ivanoff
 The Medicine Man (1930) as Gus
 Midnight Madness (1928) as Joe
 Fazil (1928) as Ahmed.
 Once and Forever (1927) as Axel
 Little Mickey Grogan (1927) as Crooked
 The Magic Flame (1927) as the visitor.
 The Flame of the Yukon (1926) as Solo Jim
 Siberia (1926) as Kyrill Vronsky
 The Blonde Saint (1926) as Nino
 The Silent Power (1926) as Jerry Spencer
 The Sea Beast (1926) as Pip

References

External links

20th-century Russian male actors
1895 births
1952 deaths
Russian male silent film actors
Russian librettists
20th-century Russian translators
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States


text:
Anton Magdič, slovenski zdravnik in rodoljub, * 17. januar 1820, Ivanjkovci, † 23. januar 1879, Ormož.

Po končani ljudski šoli in gimnaziji je šel leta 1841 s štipendijo štajerskih deželnih stanov na Dunaj študirat medicino, ki jo je končal 1847 z disertacijo Die physische Erziehung der Kinder. Nato je bil do smrti zdravnik v Ormožu, razen v letih 1849–1851, ko je v Ljutomeru nadomeščal dr. Matijo Preloga. Magdič je bil v svojem času prvi ormoški narodnjak. Dunajska Slovenija ga je 1848 predlagala za poslanca v državni zbor. Bil je dopisnik Kmetijskih in rokodelskih novic in drugih časopisov. V letih 1851–1879 je bil član občinskega sveta in v ustavni dobi član okrajnega šolskega sveta v Ormožu.

Viri

Glej tudi
 seznam slovenskih zdravnikov

Rojeni leta 1820
Umrli leta 1879
Slovenski zdravniki
Slovenski publicisti
Slovenski politiki
Slovenski poslanci


text:
The Prosorba Column is a plasma filtering device used to treat severe cases of rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis. Its active element is Protein A bonded to a diatomaceous earth/clay bead . The effect of the Protein A is to remove circulating immune complexes responsible for the autoimmune joint deterioration process.

The device was originally manufactured by Imre Corp and approved by the FDA in 1987. The Prosorba Column went out of production at the end of 2006.

References

External links
 http://arthritis.about.com/od/prosorba/a/prosorbafda.htm

Medical equipment