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Chalicotherium (grč. χαλιξ/khalix, khalik-: kamenčić + θηρίον/thērion, θηρ/thēr: životinja) bio je rod izumrlih neparnoprstaša iz porodice Chalicotheriidae koji je od kasnog oligocena do donjeg pliocena (prije 16–7,75 milijuna godina) nastanjivao Europu, Afriku i Aziju. To znači da je postojao 8,25 milijuna godina. Dostizali su visinu od 2,6 m u ramenima, a po izgledu su bili vrlo slični ostalim kalikoteridima, s dugim prednjim udovima s velikim kandžama, te malim zadnjim udovima koji su nosili veći dio težine. Bili su biljojedi.

Nomenklaturalnu vrstu, Chalicotherium goldfussi iz miocenske i pliocenske Europe, 1833. je opisao paleontolog Johann Jakob Kaup (1803. – 1873.). Od tada je tom rodu priključeno još sedam vrsta. Chalicotheriumi su bili u srodstvu s tapirima i nosorizima, s kojima su činili takson Tapiromorpha. Prema najnovijim filogenetskim analizama, rod Chalicotherium sadrži još dva sestrinska roda: Anisodon (Lartet, 1851.) i Nestoritherium (J. J. Kaup, 1859.), što ga čini parafiletičnim.

Osobine
Na prvi pogled Chalicotherium liči na križanca konja i gorile, sa svojom konjskom glavom, dugim prednjim udovima i kratkim zadnjim udovima. Kao i mnogi pripadnici neparnoprstaša, bio je prilagođen brštenju (ishrani lišćem), ali je za to imao prilagodbe jedinstvene među svim srodnicima kopitara. Chalicotherium je imao nisku i široku karlicu i mogao je stajati na dvije noge, kako bi dugim rukama dohvatio visoke grane i privukao ih ustima radi lišća. Međutim, zadebljanja na sjednoj kosti ukazuju na to da su te životinje obično sjedile dugo vremena, vjerojatno dok su brstile.

Sama glava slična konjskoj pokazuje prilagodbe ishrani lišćem: pri dostizanju spolne zrelosti, toj životinji su ispadali sjekutići i gornji očnjaci, što ukazuje na to da su im za uzimanje hrane bile dovoljne mišićave usne i gole desni. Četvrtasti kutnjaci s niskom krunom pokazuju vrlo malo tragova korištenja. To također dokazuje da je Chalicotherium uzimao samo meke biljke.

Veliki prednji udovi Chalicotheriuma završavali su velikim kandžama koje su se savijale prema unutra. Koštana zadebljanja na stražnjoj strani kostiju prstiju smatraju se dokazom da se Chalicotherium kretao na člancima, slično kao čimpanze i gorile. Taj način hodanja, gdje su kandže okrenute prema unutra, onemogućavao je toj životinji da ih previše istroši. Vjerojatno ih je koristio pri ishrani kao neku vrstu grablji za skupljanje hrane, ali su također mogle služiti u obrambene svrhe. Zbog hodanja na člancima prednjih udova, kod Chalicotheriuma su svu težinu tijela nosili zadnji udovi. Iz tog razloga se nisu mogli brzo kretati.

Sve te osobine ukazuju na konvergenciju s kopnenim ljenivcima (Megatheriidae, Mylodontidae, Nothrotheriidae i Orophodontidae), gorilama i velikim pandama, s kojima nisu u srodstvu.

Paleobiologija
Prije se smatralo da se Chalicotherium kretao u krdima. Razlog za tu pretpostavku bilo je nalazište Devínska Nová Ves (danas dio grada Bratislave, u Slovačkoj), gdje je u kršu pronađeno više od 1500 kostiju (oko 60 jedinki) te životinje. Svi ti ostaci pronađeni su u istim geološkim sedimentima. Međutim, danas se smatra da je u pitanju bilo mnogo jedinki koje su uginule na tom istom mjestu. Chalicotherium je vjerojatno živio sam ili u malenim grupama. Kod Chalicotheriuma se može primijetiti izražen spolni dimorfizam: mužjaci su imali visinu od 2,6 m, a ženke 1,8 m u ramenima. Zbog toga se može zaključiti da su se tijekom sezone parenja mužjaci borili za pravo na parenje.

Klasifikacija

Taksonomska povijest

Nomenklaturalni tipovi vrste Chalicotherium goldfussi pronađeni su u gornjomiocenskim slojevima tla nalazišta Dinotherien-sande blizu Eppelsheima (Njemačka). Kaup je, dok je 1833. opisivao tu novu životinju, otkrio da zubi liče na šljunak, pa je prema tome i dao naziv tom novom rodu. Lartet je kasnije, 1837. godine, udove pronađene u zemljišnim slojevima kod Sansana u departmanu Gers (jugozapadna Francuska) opisao kao ostatke roda Macrotherium. Daljnja istraživanja tih fosila i kasnija otkrića do kojih je došao Filhol omogućili su premještanje ostataka priključenih rodu Macrotherium u rod Chalicotherium. Nedavno je s rodom Chalicotherium sinonimiziran rod Butleria, čiji je naziv već zauzimao jedan rod leptira.

Taksonomska historija svake vrste detaljnije je objašnjena dolje, a morfološki i geografski podaci prikazani su za one vrste kod kojih su oni poznati.

Vrste
Priznate:
 Chalicotherium goldfussi J. J. Kaup, 1833.
Nomenklaturalni tip vrste, pronađen u gornjomiocenskim slojevima u Njemačkoj. Težilo je oko 1500 kg i imala visinu od 2,6 m u ramenima.
 Chalicotherium giganteum Pictet, 1844.
Gervais ju je isprva opisao kao Macrotherium giganteum, kasnije se stopila s nomenklaturalnom vrstom zbog nedostatka morfoloških osobina po kojima se razlikuje od nje, pronađena je u gornjomiocenskim slojevima u Sansanu u Francuskoj.
 Chalicotherium brevirostris
Colbert ju je 1934. opisao kao Macrotherium brevirostris; ona potiče iz gornjomiocenske formacije Tung Gur u Unutrašnjoj Mongoliji (Kina).
 Chalicotherium rusingense Butler, 1962.
Potiče iz donjomiocenskih slojeva u Keniji i Ugandi.
 Chalicotherium pilgrimi
Forster Cooper ju je isprva nazvao Schizotherium pilgrimi, kasnije je priključena rodu Macrotherium; potiče iz donjomiocenskih nalazišta Bugti u Pakistanu.
 Chalicotherium wetzleri
Isprva nazvana Schizotherium wetzleri, potiče iz oligocenskih nalazišta u Francuskoj i Njemačkoj, što navodi znanstvenike na zaključak da je bila rasprostranjena u Zapadnoj Europi.
 Chalicotherium salinum
Forster Cooper ju je opisao kao Macrotherium salinum; prvi je put otkrivena u donjopliocenskim donjim nalazištima Siwaliks u Indiji; njezina hronološka i geografska rasprostranjenost kasnije je proširena na srednji (Pakistan) i gornji miocen (Kina).
 Chalicotherium wuduensis
Ta vrsta potiče iz gornjomiocenskih slojeva u Gansuu u Kini.

Nepriznate:
 Chalicotherium antiquum J. J. Kaup, 1833.
Pronađena na istom lokalitetu kao i nomenklaturalni tip, kasnije se pokazalo da joj nedostaje dijagnostičkih osobina pa je spojena s nomenklaturalnim tipom.
 Chalicotherium baltavarense
Taj naziv odnosi se na primjerak pronađen u Slovačkoj, koji je poslije spojen s vrstom Chalicotherium pentelicum.
 Chalicotherium minus
Neko vrijeme se smatrao vrstom roda Anisodon, a kasnije je spojen s nomenklaturalnim tipom.
 Chalicotherium posterigenium
Mlađi sinonim za Chalicotherium sivalense
 Chalicotherium sindiense
Mlađi sinonim za Chalicotherium sivalense
 Chalicotherium sinense
Ta vrsta, koja potiče iz donjopliocenskih nalazišta u Kini, sada je u sastavu roda Nestoritherium.
 Chalicotherium sivalense
Uspostavljena od primjeraka pronađenih u gornjomiocenskim nalazištima u Indiji, sada je u sastavu roda Nestoritherium.
 Chalicotherium pentelicum (pentelici u nekim starijim izdanjima)
Porijeklom iz gornjomiocenskih slojeva u Slovačkoj i Grčkoj (u kojoj je njezin najpoznatiji lokalitet Samos); vrsta nazvana Colodus pachygnathum kasnije je spojena s njom. Daljnja istraživanja pokazala su da ta vrsta pripada rodu Ancylotherium.
 Chalicotherium grande Blainville, 1849.
Istraživanja koja su Geraads et al. (1995.) proveli nakon što je ta vrsta opisana kao Macrotherium grande (Lartet, 1837.) i kasnije priključena rodu Chalicotherium (Blainville), te ista istraživanja provedena na vrstama M. rhodanicum, M. magnum i M. sansaniense, opravdala su svrstavanje svih njihovih primjeraka u oživljeni rod Anisodon (Lartet, 1851.) u vidu vrste Anisodon grande.

Priključeni primjerci:
 Chalicotherium cf. C. brevirostris Wang et al., 2001.
Porijeklom iz uvale Tsaidam u sjevernom dijelu Tibetanskog platoa (Kina).
 "Chalicotherium modicum" Stehlin, 1905.
Nomen nudum, zapravo je u pitanju zub vrste Schizotherium priscum.
 "Chalicotherium" bilobatum Cope.
Porijeklom iz oligocenskog Saskatchewana; taj izrazito fragmentaran primjerak je nomenklaturalni tip vrste na kojem je Russel uspostavio rod Oreinotherium.
 Chalicotherium spp.
Primjerci pronađeni na dva lokaliteta u Tadžikistanu; smatra se da predstavljaju barem dvije različite vrste.

Filogenija
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Popularna kultura
Chalicotherium u popularnoj kulturi nije jako poznat rod izumrlih životinja, ali je prikazan u BBC-jevom dokumentarnom filmu Walking with Beasts (2001.). Nakratko se pojavio i u drugom nastavku filma Ice Age (Ice Age 2: The Meltdown).

Vanjske poveznice

 Chalicotherium u The Paleobiology Database

Literatura
 Michael J. Benton: Paläontologie der Wirbeltiere. Übersetzung der 3. Englischen Auflage durch Hans-Ulrich Pfretzschner. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 2007, , S. 369–370.
 Tim Haines, Paul Chambers: Dinosaurier. Giganten der Urwelt. Aus dem Englischen von Axel Kwet. Franckh-Kosmos Verlags–GmbH & Co. KG, Stuttgart 2007, , S. 177.

Bilješke

Izvori
 Grande Enciclopédia Portuguesa e Brasileira, vol. 5. (1936-1960). Editorial Enciclopédia, Lda, Lisbon.
 Chalicotherium at Atlas Virtual da Pré-História . Retrieved 22 March 2007.
 Chalicotheriidae at Mikko's Phylogeny Archive . Retrieved 22 March 2007.
 Butler, P. M., 1978: Chalicotheriidae. 368-370. in Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S., (eds.) 1978: Evolution of African mammals. – Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1978, xiv-641
 Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution. – W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698.
 Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648. in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution. – W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698.
 Coombs, M. C., 1989: Interrelationships and diversity in the Chalicotheriidae. 438-457. in Prothero, D. R. & Schoch, R. M., (eds.) 1989: The Evolution of Perissodactyls. – Oxford University Press, New York, New York & Oxford, England, 1989, ix-537
 Coombs, M. C., Hunt, Jr, R. M., Stepleton, E., Albright III, L. B. & Fremd, T. J., 2001: Stratigraphy, chronology, biogeography, and taxonomy of Early Miocene small chalicotheres in North America. – Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #3, pp. 607–620
 Geraads, D., Spassov, N. & Kovachev, D., 2001: New Chalicotheriidae (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Bulgaria. – Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #3, pp. 569–606
 Hooker, J. J. & Dashzeveg, D., 2004: The origin of chalicotheres (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) – Palaeontology: Vol. 47, #6, pp. 1363–1386
 Lucas, S. G. & Schoch, R. M., 1989: Taxonomy and biochronology of Eomoropus and Grangeria, Eocene chalicotheres from the western United States and China. 422-437. in Prothero, D. R. & Schoch, R. M., (eds.) 1989: The Evolution of Perissodactyls. – Oxford University Press, New York, New York & Oxford, England, 1989, ix-537
 McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level. – Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631
 Prothero, D. R. & Schoch, R. M., 1989: Classification of the Perissodactyla. 530-537. in Prothero, D. R. & Schoch, R. M., (eds.) 1989: The Evolution of Perissodactyls. – Oxford University Press, New York, New York & Oxford, England, 1989, ix-537
 Remy, J.-A., Jaeger, J.-J., Chaimanee, Y., Soe, U. A. N., Marivaux, L., Sudre, J., Tun, S. T., Marandat, B. & Dewaele, E., 2005: A new chalicothere from the Pondaung Formation (late Middle Eocene) of Myanmar. – Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciencies, Paris: Palevol: Vol. 4, pp. 341–349
 The America Heritage Dictionary of English Language. 2004, 2000. Houghton Mifflin Company.
 Ancylopoda at LoveToKnow 1911
 Wang, Xiaoming; Wang, Banyue (2001): New material of Chalicotherium from the Tsaidam Basin in the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, Vol 75, Fascicle 2. Pages 219-226.
 Margery Chalifoux Coombs. Additional Schizotherium material from China, and a review of Schizotherium dentitions (Perissodactyla, Chalicotheriidae). April 24, 1978. American Museum Novitates nr 2647. pages 1-18. The American Museum Of Natural History. New York City, N. Y.
 Edwin H. Colbert. Distributional and phylogenetic studies on Indian fossil mammals. III – A classification of the Chalicotherioidea. May 8, 1935 American Museum Novitates nr 798, 56.9 (54). The American Museum Of Natural History. New York City.
 www.angellis.net/Web/PDfiles/ungperis.pdf

Neparnoprstaši
Prapovijesni sisavci


text:
Denis Horník (born 13 July 1997) is a Slovak footballer who plays for Petržalka as a defender.

Career

Spartak Trnava
As youth player of its academy, Horník signed a three-and-half-year professional contract with Spartak Trnava in February 2016.
He made his professional debut for Trnava against Zemplín Michalovce on 27 February 2016.

References

External links
 FC Spartak Trnava official club profile

 Futbalnet Profile

1997 births
Living people
Slovak footballers
Association football defenders
FC Spartak Trnava players
FC ViOn Zlaté Moravce players
FC Petržalka players
Slovak Super Liga players
People from Galanta
Sportspeople from the Trnava Region

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Kevin Mitchell Harmse (born July 4, 1984) is a South African-born Canadian soccer player.

Club career

Youth years
Born in Johannesburg, Harmse grew up in Vancouver, British Columbia, and began his youth career training at the Roman Tulis School in Coquitlam, British Columbia.

Europe
Harmse was drafted by the Vancouver Whitecaps in 2002 but did not sign with the club; instead, after training with both Bayern Munich and Benfica he signed with Tromsø IL in the Norwegian Premier League. He did not see much playing time, and returned to the Whitecaps in 2004, where he gradually worked himself to become a cornerstone of the defense, playing in 36 games and scoring once.

He signed for Nitra in the Slovakian Corgoň Liga in 2006, spending a year with the club.

Major League Soccer
Harmse returned to North American and signed with Los Angeles Galaxy of Major League Soccer in April 2007. He made his MLS debut on April 12, 2007, coming on at halftime against FC Dallas. He scored his first goal for the club on April 28, 2007, against Chivas USA.

Harmse was traded to Toronto FC in March 2008 for a fourth round draft pick. Harmse was used by the club as a central defender for much of the 2008 and part of the 2009 seasons. He scored his first goal for Toronto FC in the 2009 Nutrilite Canadian Championship opening game against his former team, the Vancouver Whitecaps, on May 6, 2009 at BMO Field.

Harmse was traded to Chivas USA for allocation money on June 24, 2009, but did not feature in any games in his debut season with the team.

On January 21, 2010, Chivas traded Harmse to Houston Dynamo for a conditional third- or fourth-round draft pick in the 2012 MLS SuperDraft.

Due to Harmse not being able to train with the club in pre-season due to a recurring injury, Houston opted to waive him on March 9, 2010.

Harmse was officially signed by Vancouver Whitecaps FC on March 25, 2011, but was waived on June 10, having played in just three MLS games for the club.

On December 13, 2011, it was announced that Harmse signed with the expansion side San Antonio Scorpions of the North American Soccer League.

International career
Harmse played an important part of Canadian U-20 team that made it to the quarterfinals in the 2003 FIFA World Youth Championship. He also played for the U-23 team that failed to qualify for the 2004 Olympics.

He made his debut with the senior Canada national team on March 25, 2007, against Bermuda. By December 2009, he earned a total of 9 caps, scoring no goals. He has represented Canada in 3 FIFA World Cup qualification matches.

Honours

Toronto FC
Canadian Championship (1): 2009

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Soccer players from Johannesburg
South African emigrants to Canada
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Canadian people of Afrikaner descent
Canadian people of British descent
People from Coquitlam
Association football midfielders
Soccer people from British Columbia
Canadian soccer players
Canada men's international soccer players
2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Canadian expatriate soccer players
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in Slovakia
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Tromsø IL players
Vancouver Whitecaps (1986–2010) players
FC Nitra players
LA Galaxy players
Toronto FC players
Chivas USA players
San Antonio Scorpions players
A-League (1995–2004) players
USL First Division players
Eliteserien players
Slovak Super Liga players
Major League Soccer players
North American Soccer League players
Expatriate footballers in Norway
Expatriate footballers in Slovakia
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Vancouver Whitecaps FC players
Canada men's youth international soccer players
Canada men's under-23 international soccer players


text:
Димитър Анастасов Наумов е български дипломат.

Биография
Роден е в семейството на видния просветен деец от Битоля Анастас Наумов. Димитър Наумов е служител в канцеларията на Двореца в София и един от най-близките секретари на цар Борис III. За известно време директор на печата, колега на бившия дипломат Стефан Бочев от външното министерство.

В 1936 година става български посланик в Съединените щати.

Под натиск, оказан от Германия, България обявява война на САЩ на 13 декември 1941 година. Посланик Наумов научава за войната от вестниците. Уверен, че става дума за грешка, Наумов с открита телеграма иска опровержение от София и съобщава, че "слуховете за обявяване на война са повече от невероятни и комични", и че в САЩ се приема за невероятно България да обяви война на Америка.

След Деветосептемврийския преврат в 1944 година е репресиран от новите власти. Арестуван е и въдворен в лагера "Николаево", Старозагорско, а след това в лагера "Белене". Освободен е от лагера "Белене" през 1951 година.

Бележки

Посланици на България в САЩ
Български дипломати от Македония
Лагеристи в Белене
По произход от Битоля


text:
Новомоско́вский райо́н — упраздённая административно-территориальная единица (район) в Тульской области России.

В рамках организации местного самоуправления в границах района существует муниципальное образование город Новомосковск со статусом городского округа.

Административный центр — город Новомосковск.

География
Район расположен на северо-востоке Тульской области.

Граничит на севере и северо-западе с Веневским, на западе – с Киреевским, на юго-западе – с Узловским, на юго-востоке – с Кимовским районами, на юге - с городом Донской Тульской области, на востоке – с Михайловским районом Рязанской области и на северо-востоке – с Московской областями.

Площадь 888 км². Основные реки — Дон и Шат.

История
Район образован 1 августа 1958 года под названием Сталиногорский из территории, подчинённой Сталиногорскому горсовету, и территории упраздненного Гремячевского района.

13 ноября 1961 года в связи с переименованием Сталиногорска в Новомосковск район был переименован в Новомосковский.

Население
Район

Городской округ

 Урбанизация
Городское население (город Новомосковск) составляет  % от всего населения района (городского округа).

Территориальное деление
Новомосковский район в рамках административно-территориального устройства включает город районного подчинения и 13 сельских округов:

История административно-муниципального устройства

В рамках организации местного самоуправления к 2006 году в границах района и райцентра был создан муниципальный район. Город Новомосковск вошёл в его состав как городское поселение и перестал быть городом областного подчинения. До 2008 года в состав района входил также город районного подчинения Сокольники.

Муниципальный район с 2006 до 2008 гг. делился на 5 муниципальных образований:
2 городских поселения:
 город Новомосковск
 город Сокольники
 3 сельских поселения:
 Гремячевское — с. Гремячее
 Рига-Васильевское — д. Рига-Васильевка
 Спасское — с. Спасское

В 2008 году городское поселение город Новомосковск было преобразовано в муниципальное образование город Новомосковск со статусом городского округа с последующим присоединением к нему всех поселений, располагавшихся на территории муниципального района.

Город Сокольники присоединён к городу Новомосковск решением Тульской областной Думы от 24 октября 2008 года.

Таким образом, с 2009 года на территории района расположено одно муниципальное образование — город Новомосковск со статусом городского округа.

Новомосковский район как административно-территориальная единица области сохраняет свой статус.

Населённые пункты
В состав района (городского округа) входят 98 населённых пунктов, в том числе 1 городской и 97 сельских:

Экономика
Основу экономики региона представляет химическая промышленность. На территории МО расположены предприятия компаний Procter & Gamble, ГипсKnauf, Химкомбинат «Азот», ООО "Полипласт Новомосковск", ЗАО «Химсервис», Кирпичный завод и др.

Транспорт
Новомосковский район обладает выгодным транспортно-географическим положением. Через его территорию проходит автомобильная дорога федерального значения Р-132 «Золотое кольцо». А также проходит железная дорога по направлению Москва — Воронеж. В непосрдественной близости от района на западе проходит автомобильная дорога федерального значения М4 «Дон», с южной стороны проходит железнодорожная линия Калуга – Тула – Ряжск.

Известные люди
 Зуева, Анастасия Платоновна (1896—1986) — актриса театра и кино, народная артистка СССР (1957)
 Маркин, Сергей Степанович (1918—1977) — советский офицер, участник Великой Отечественной войны, военный лётчик, Герой Советского Союза. Родился в деревне Белколодезь.
 Фалин, Василий Константинович (1919—1958) — советский офицер, лётчик-штурмовик в годы Великой Отечественной войны, Герой Советского Союза. Родился в деревне Иван-Озеро.

Примечания

Ссылки

Новомосковский район Тульской области


text:
A Ringgold Identifier (Ringgold ID or RIN) is a persistent numeric unique identifier for organizations in the publishing industry supply chain. Ringgold's Identify Database includes over 500,000 Ringgold IDs representing organizations and consortia who acquire scholarly publications and content.

The Ringgold ID was introduced in 2003. Ringgold developed it in response to an issue raised by Oxford University Press, namely how to identify institutional subscribers unambiguously. The system is owned and administered by Ringgold, Inc. and Ringgold, Ltd., who also publish a taxonomy for classifying the subject interests of the listed organizations.

Ringgold is an International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI) registration agency, and as such the US National Information Standards Organization (NISO) recommended that Ringgold IDs be used to identify organizations involved in scholarly communications. Ringgold Identifiers are used by ORCID, to record the institutional affiliation of individual researchers.

References

External links

 Aligned ISNI and Ringgold identifiers for institutions at Zenodo

Identifiers
Academic publishing
Library cataloging and classification
Oxford University Press
2003 introductions


text:
Il Campionato Mondiale Supersport 300 2021 è la quinta edizione del campionato mondiale Supersport 300.

Durante la stagione sono state disputate sedici gare in otto diversi circuiti, tutti in Europa. Come avvenuto nella stagione precedente, ogni tappa ha ospitato due gare, che sono state quindi complessivamente due in più della stagione precedente.

In questa stagione è stato introdotto un nuovo sistema di qualificazione a turno unico, con l'accesso consentito a tutti i piloti partecipanti. Contestualmente venne abolita la "Last Chance Race", oltre (come per il campionato mondiale Supersport) al terzo turno di prove libere.

Piloti partecipanti
Tutte le motociclette in competizione sono equipaggiate con pneumatici forniti dalla Pirelli.

Calendario

Classifiche

Classifica Piloti

Sistema di punteggio

Costruttori

|}

Note

Collegamenti esterni

2021
Supersport 300


text:
Christian Doppler (teljes nevén Christian Andreas Doppler, magyarosan Doppler Keresztély) (Salzburg, 1803. november 29. – Velence, 1853. március 17.) osztrák matematikus és fizikus, műegyetemi tanár.

Élete

1822-23-ban Salzburgban és a bécsi politechnikumon a fizikát és a matematikát tanulmányozta, 1829-ben a bécsi politechnikumon a matematika segédtanára, 1835-ben a prágai reáliskolán a matematika tanára, 1841-ben ugyanitt a technikai intézeten a matematika és a gyakorlati geometria tanára volt. Bányatanácsossá nevezték ki, s 1847. október 23-ától a selmeci magyar királyi bányász-akadémián a mennyiségtant, természettant és erőműtant adta elő 1849-ig. 1850-ben Bécsbe ment, ahol a műegyetemen a fizika tanára és 1851-ben a fizikai intézet igazgatója volt.

Főképp fizikával és csillagászattal foglalkozott. Fő felfedezése az 1840-es évek elején a hanghullámok terjedését vizsgálva kimutatott és később róla elnevezett Doppler-effektus, amely szerint ha a hullámok forrása hozzánk közeledik, a hullámok hosszát az álló hullámforrás által kibocsátottaknál rövidebbnek, a távolodó forrás hullámaiét pedig hosszabbnak és ennek megfelelően a hangot magasabbnak, illetve mélyebbnek érzékeljük.

Felismerte, hogy ez a szabályszerűség a fényre is érvényes:

 "Ha egy fénylő tárgy… a fény sebességéhez képest számba jöhető sebességgel közvetlenül közeledik a megfigyelőhöz vagy távolodik tőle, akkor ennek a mozgásnak feltétlenül a fény… színének a megváltozása a következménye."

A felfedezők szokásos hibájába esve azonban túl sok tényt próbált megmagyarázni ezzel az egyetlen jelenséggel. Így például úgy vélte, hogy minden csillag fénye fehér, és csak azért látjuk őket kéknek, illetve sárga-vörösnek, mert közelednek hozzánk, illetve távolodnak tőlünk.

Munkái

 Versuch einer analytischen Behandlung beliebig begränzter und zusammengesetzter Linien, Flächen und Körper – Prag, 1839
 Über das farbige Licht der Doppelsterne – Prága, 1842, a Doppler-effektus leírásával
 Versuch einer Erweiterung der analytischen Geometrie, auf Grundlage eines neu einzuführenden Allgorithmus – Prága, 1843
 Arithmetik und Algebra. Mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Bedürfnisse des praktischen Lebens und der technischen Wissensehaften – Prága, 1844
 Optisches Diastomometer usw – Prága, 1845
 Allgemeiner Beweis, dass dieselben Factoren in beliebiger Ordnung multiplicirt, stets dasselbe Product geben – Prága, 1845
 Über eine wesentliche Verbesserung der katoptrischen Mikroskope – Prága, 1845
 Beitrage zur Fixsternkunde – Prága, 1846
 Versuch einer systematischen Klassifikation der Farben – Prága, 1848

Jegyzetek

Források

Osztrák matematikusok
Osztrák fizikusok
Osztrák egyetemi, főiskolai oktatók
Salzburgiak
1803-ban született személyek
1853-ban elhunyt személyek
Szakírók


text:
La progastrine est une protéine intracellulaire de 80 acides aminés et le précurseur de la gastrine, une hormone gastrointestinale produite par les cellules G de l'antre gastrique. La fonction principale de la gastrine est de réguler la sécrétion acide. Au cours de la digestion, seule la gastrine est libérée dans le sang et stimule la sécrétion d'acide chlorhydrique dans l'estomac ainsi que celle d'enzymes digestives pancréatiques. Chez l'humain, la progastrine est codée par le gène GAST. La progastrine est principalement exprimée dans les tissus de l'estomac.

Découverte
En 1905, John Sydney Edkins a montré l'existence d'une hormone responsable de la sécrétion d'acide gastrique. Cette hormone fut appelée sécrétine gastrique ou gastrine. Mais ce n'est qu'en 1979 et plus tard en 1987 et 1988 que la progastrine a été identifiée comme étant le précurseur de la gastrine. Sa séquence  protéique et de son ARNm ont été dévoilées . A ne pas confondre avec la progastrine, la Pro-Gastrin-Releasing-Peptide est le précurseur de la Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP), un neuropeptide qui appartient à la famille de la bombésine/neuromédine B et dont l'expression est importante dans l'intestin et le cerveau. Le GRP est impliqué dans de nombreux processus physiologiques et physiopathologiques. Le GRP stimule la libération de la gastrine et d'autres hormones gastro-intestinales. Il contribue à la régulation de la prise alimentaire. Il faut également distinguer 2 types de progastrine, la progastrine intracellulaire évoquée dans cet article et la progastrine extracellulaire, principalement appelée hPG80.

Structure et production

Le gène GAST est situé sur le chromosome 17 (17q21). Il se compose de trois exons contenant la séquence qui code la préprogastrine. La progastrine est formée de plusieurs hélices alpha. La structure primaire de la préprogastrine humaine est constituée d'une séquence signal de 21 acides aminés à l'extrémité N-terminale suivie d'un peptide espaceur, d'un domaine bioactif et enfin d'un C-terminal Flanking Peptide (CTFP).

Action
La production de gastrine permet de favoriser la production d'acide gastrique lors de la prise alimentaire. Par ailleurs, il a également été démontré que la progastrine est exprimée dans d'autres tissus sains (cervelet, glande pituitaire, pancréas, testicules), mais dans une bien moindre mesure que dans l'estomac et sous différentes formes. Par exemple, on retrouve de la gastrine carboxyamidée au niveau des testicules. Cependant, le rôle de la progastrine n'est pas clairement établi dans ces organes.

Biosynthèse

En conditions physiologiques
Chez l'humain, le gène GAST code un peptide précurseur de 101 acides aminés, la préprogastrine. Cette dernière est synthétisée et maturée dans le réticulum endoplasmique. Lors de l'initiation de la traduction, la séquence signal facilitant la translocation du polypeptide est éliminé par une peptidase signal liée à la membrane. Cette enzyme clive la chaîne polypeptidique naissante entre le résidu d'alanine 21 et la sérine 22 pour générer le peptide de 80 acides aminés, la progastrine. La progastrine est ensuite coupée par une enzyme pour donner les principales formes circulantes biologiquement actives de la gastrine : la gastrine-34 et la gastrine-17, sous forme sulfatée et non sulfatée. La sulfatation et la phosphorylation jouent toutes deux un rôle dans le processus de maturation : elles augmentent la maturation de la progastrine. Tandis que la phosphorylation peut également affecter la conversion de produits intermédiaires possédant une glycine carboxy-terminale (G34-Gly et G17-Gly) en gastrines matures. De petites quantités de gastrine-52 (aussi appelée composant 1), de gastrine- 14 (mini-gastrine) et même de plus petits fragments ont été détectés dans le sérum. A cette étape, deux voies de modifications post-traductionnelles existent au sein des cellules G antrales. Dans la voie dominante, la progastrine est clivée en trois sites, ce qui donne deux gastrines bioactives majeures, la gastrine-34 et la gastrine-17. Dans la voie alternative présumée, la progastrine peut être clivée uniquement au niveau du site dibasique le plus proche de l'extrémité C-terminale, ce qui entraîne la synthèse de la gastrine-71. Les autres produits de maturation, en particulier G34-Gly, G17-Gly et CTFP ont diverses fonctions. Le CTFP a été décrit comme capable d'induire ou d'inhiber l'apoptose, en fonction du type de tissu ou de cellule concerné. Après l'étape de conversion de la progastrine, il y a un passage par la voie sécrétoire.

En conditions pathologiques
Dès 1996, il est démontré que l'expression du gène GAST est requise pour la tumorigénicité cellulaire du cancer du côlon humain. Il a été prouvé que le gène GAST est une cible en aval de la voie de signalisation ß-caténine/TCF-4. La transfection d'une construction exprimant une forme constitutivement active de la ß-caténine triple l'activité du promoteur du gène GAST. Cette étude permet d'établir un lien entre la progastrine et le cancer à travers de nombreuses fonctions cellulaires impliquant la voie Wnt dans une cellule cancéreuse, en commençant par son importance pour la survie des cellules souches cancéreuses. Dans des situations pathologiques, la progastrine est sécrétée par les cellules tumorales dans le sang et est nommée en tant que telle, hPG80.

L'expression de la progastrine dans de nombreux cancers a été mise en évidence. Il a été relevé que dans le cas de cancers colorectaux, la progastrine est plus de  plus abondante que la gastrine amidée. Une autre étude a permis de démontrer que les carcinomes colorectaux possèdent des peptides dérivés de progastrine non convertis en gastrine. Enfin, il a été prouvé que la moitié des cellules tumorales expriment la progastrine. Les cancers ovariens, hépatiques et pancréatiques présentent le même cas de figure : la progastrine non maturée est plus abondante que la gastrine amidée. En effet, la progastrine n'est pas complètement maturée et elle est sécrétée dans le sang par de nombreux cancers.

Notes et références

Peptide
Hormone peptidique
Hormone gastrique


text:
Sadowyj (ukrainisch Садовий) bezeichnet:

 Sadowyj (Ort), eine Siedlung der ukrainischen Stadt Antrazyt

Sadowyj ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Andrij Sadowyj (* 1968), ukrainischer Ingenieur und Politiker, Bürgermeister von Lviv

Siehe auch:
 Sadowskyj
 Sadowy

uk:Садовий#Україна


text:
Pietro "Pietrino" Fossati (* 29. Juni 1905 in Novi Ligure; † 13. März 1945 ebenda) war ein italienischer Radrennfahrer und nationaler Meister im Radsport.

Sportliche Laufbahn
Pietrino Fossati wurde in der gleichen Straße geboren, in der auch der zweimalige Giro d'Italia Gewinner Costante Girardengo auf die Welt gekommen war. 1926 gewann er die nationale Meisterschaft im Straßenrennen der Unabhängigen.

1927 wurde er Berufsfahrer im Radsportteam Wolsit. In seiner ersten Saison als Profi siegte er im Eintagesrennen Coppa del Re. 1928 konnte Fossati die Coppa Placci für sich entscheiden und wurde Dritter in der Lombardei-Rundfahrt sowie im Rennen Milano–Modena und im Etappenrennen Rom–Neapel–Rom. Im Giro dell'Emilia platzierte er sich als Zweiter hinter Alfonso Piccin.

1929 feierte er den bedeutendsten Erfolg seiner Laufbahn mit dem Sieg in der Lombardei-Rundfahrt vor Adriano Zanaga.

Beim Giro d'Italia belegte Fossati 1930 den 16., 1931 den 30. und 1932 den 39. Rang im Endklassement.

Pietro Fossati starb 1945 bei einem alliierten Luftangriff auf Novi Ligure.

Weblinks

 Nuovi Ligure: La città dei campionissimi auf comune.noviligure.al.it (italienisch)

Einzelnachweise

Radsportler (Italien)
Italienischer Meister (Radsport)
Italiener
Geboren 1905
Gestorben 1945
Mann


text:
Rudolf Jan svobodný pán, po roce 1636 hrabě z Morzinu též z Marzinu ( Rudolph Johann von Marzin, nebo Rudolph von Marazin, někdy také italsky jako Rodolfo Giovanni Marazzino, * 1585 nebo 1600 – 1648 nebo 1646, Praha) byl český šlechtic ze starého, původně severoitalského, hraběcího rodu Morzinů. Působil jako generál a polní maršál ve službách saského kurfiřta.

Život a kariéra

Pocházel z Čech, narodil se jako syn Blažeje z Morzinu a jeho manželky Jeronýmy Althannové hraběnky ze Salwarolu. Měl bratry Pavla z Morzinu († 1688), s nímž byl v roce 1632 povýšen do stavu svobodných pánů a v roce 1636 do stavu říšských hrabat. Pavel vlastnil panství Vrchlabí, Lomnici nad Popelkou a Křinec. Měli ještě dva mladší bratry Laelia a Martia, kteří prosluli smělostí a padli v boji ve španělské válce.

Rudolf Jan působil nejprve ve službách polského krále Zikmunda III., poté sloužil v moskevském knížectví a nakonec ve službách císaře Ferdinanda II.

V roce 1631 během třicetileté války se stal velitelem Nového Braniboru, po obléhání však musel vydat město Švédům. V září 1631 bojoval v bitvě u Breitenfeldu a vedl pluk pod velením Albrechta z Valdštejna do Čech, aby zde doplnil zásoby. Poté postavil vojsko o síle 3000 mužů, aby potlačil vzbouřené sedláky v Horních Rakousích. Poté po boku Valdštejna bojoval v bitvě u Lützenu, odkud táhl dále na Svídnici.

1633 se stal generálvachmistrem a 13. října téhož roku ve Stínavě obklíčil sbor hraběte Jindřicha z Thurnu a jeho podplukovníka Duvala. V roce 1634 bojoval ve Falcku proti Švédům a účastnil se také obléhání Řezna a jeho podíl na vítězství u Nördlingenu byl natolik významný, že si jeho statečnosti všiml sám císař a poslal Morzinovi děkovný dopis. Poté byl Morzin ve Slezsku povýšen na generála-polního zbrojmistra.

V téže době jej však neustále pronásledoval švédský maršál Johan Banér. 2. prosince 1635 Morzin dobyl Havelberg a dále po šestitýdenním obléhání Stargard v Pomořanech osvobodil Švédy obléhaný Gartz. Jelikož však Švédové získali posily, musel se Rudolf z Pomořan stáhnout. Táhl nejprve do Hořova a odtud dále do Slezska, přičemž jej pronásledoval také švédský generál Wrangel.

Morzin se spojil s oddíly saského kurfiřta a Melchiora z Hatzfeldu, a roku 1636 se opět vydal do Pomořan. V bitvě u Wittstocku 24. září 1636 utrpěl porážku a po zranění hlavy přišel o oko.

Od roku 1637 pronásledoval Banéra v Pomořansku. V roce 1638 byl jmenován polním maršálem v Saském kurfiřtství. Spojil své síly s císařskými aby mohl Švédy pronásledovat do Meklenburska, zde však utrpěl velké škody při náhlém švédském útoku u Dömitze, což překazilo jeho plány.

V následujícím roce byl povolán do Vídně, kde byl jmenován válečným radou a komorníkem a podílel se na hlavních strategických rozhodnutích.

Později se vrátil do Saska, kde se spojil s císařskými oddíly generála Jana Kryštofa z Puchheimu a pokusil se osvobodit Švédy obležený Freiberg. Byli však poraženi Švédy pod velením maršála Banéra v bitvě u Saské Kamenice a Puchheim navíc padl do zajetí. Po této porážce byla důvěryhodnost Rudolfa Morzina v Sasku natolik poškozena, že byl ze své funkce propuštěn.

Následně odjel do Čech a žil střídavě v Praze a na svých panstvích. Zemřel v Praze roku 1648.

Manželství
Rudolf z Morzinu byl ženat se Sabinou Sylvií Vřesovcovou svobodnou paní z Vřesovic, ovodovělou hraběnkou Hrzánovou z Harasova, toto manželství však zůstalo bezdětné. Vrchlabské panství po jeho smrti převzal bratr Pavel, který je spojil se svými majekty a vytvořil rodový fideikomis.

Reference

Literatura
 Jakob Christoph Beck, u. a. Neu-vermehrtes Historisch- und Geographisches Allgemeines Lexicon, s. 1094, Digitalisat
 Johann Friedrich Gauhe, Historisches helden- und heldinnen-lexicon, s. 1027 Digitalisat

Morzinové
Rakouští generálové
Polní maršálové
Osobnosti třicetileté války
Úmrtí v roce 1648
Úmrtí v Praze
Muži


text:
Lasciarsi un giorno a Roma è un brano musicale con il quale il cantautore romano Niccolò Fabi ha partecipato al Festival di Sanremo 1998, classificandosi all'ottavo posto.

Nel 2021 il brano vive una nuova vita grazie al film omonimo di Edoardo Leo, accompagnando i titoli di coda.

La canzone
Con questo brano Fabi volle mostrare al pubblico un altro aspetto della propria personalità, convinto che Capelli avesse monopolizzato l'attenzione del pubblico.

Il testo della canzone, scritto da Fabi insieme a Riccardo Sinigallia e Cecilia Dazzi, parla di un amore finito visto dal punto di vista di colui che "ha lasciato" (più o meno come accadeva in Spaccacuore di Samuele Bersani), che si rivolge con aggressività alla donna che non ama più. Costei, non rassegnandosi all'abbandono, si commisera suscitando soltanto irritazione nei confronti di chi ha troncato la relazione.

Tracce

Note

Collegamenti esterni

Brani musicali del Festival di Sanremo 1998


text:
Sideros (), is the outermost of a chain of two island-like peninsulas forming, with Itanos promontory, Cape Sidero. They are all three the summits of submarine elevations connected by rocky surface cols on which a road has been constructed to Cape Sidero Lighthouse, the elevated facsimile chapel of Saint Isidore, and Port Joannis, a cove of  (about 4 m). There are ruins of an ancient temple of Athena destroyed by a tsunami and facilities of the Kyriamadi Naval Station. Kyriamadi is the other island-like peninsula in the chain. Administratively the cape lies within the Itanos municipal unit, Sitia Municipality, Lasithi regional unit, and Crete region.

Etymology

Sideros first appears in 16th century maps as Cauo S. Sideros, a Venetian name for capes such as San Sidero of Corfu. In Venetian Sidero is the common form of Isidore. Which St. Isidore applies is uncertain. Otherwise Sidero means "iron," and there are many place names that probably mean it. There is, however, no Saint Iron.

Geography
Sideros is a roughly ovoid quasi-island with a long axis of  bearing 65° (from N), and a short axis of  bearing 155°. The maximum elevation is  roughly in the center, the highest of the entire cape. Really a peninsula, the island is connected by a N-S isthmus approximately  by  with a road over it. The rocky terrain of the isthmus and the boulder terrain of the island make off-road walking difficult, although the beaches are excellent.

The coastline is coves (or the older term, "ports," which may not have any facilities) alternating with headlands. Much of the coast is cliffs bordered by strip beaches of fine sand. Sidero is unaccessible to the public except at specified times. A checkpoint and barbed wire gate the road with a sign that the peninsula is under military jurisdiction. On the west of the isthmus is Kyriamadi Bay (Port Kereamathi). The military base sits upon its north coast, with both an ancient and a modern jetty visible from the air. Facilities, including a helicopter pad, are built into the steep slopes. Photographs are discouraged, so pictures are scarce. About  long, the bay varies in depth from about  near the isthmus to  at the mouth.

The waters around Sidero are highly dangerous to passing ships, although small-boat activity is frequent (water sports, beaching, etc.). Professional works on navigation recommend giving the cape a wide berth (a few miles). Looking from Kyriamadi Bay around Sidero in a CW direction, one finds the following "insular formations."

Spitfire rock
Spitfire Rock found at  is classified as a reef (yphalos, "under the sea") by the Hydrographic Service of the Greek Navy (HSGN). Diameter is . Depth is 1 fathom or less. Location is in the road between Sidero and the Dionysades. The name was assigned by Thomas Spratt in his 1852 survey of Crete aboard  HMS Spitfire, under his command. He was proceeding through the passage between Sideros and the Dionysades, he said, with what he thought was all due circumspection, but in the centre, when his guide, Captain Manias, sometime revolutionary and pirate, warned him to steer on the Dionysiades side to avoid the reef. In commemoration of the event he named the rock after the ship, although he gives no further insight into his line of reasoning.

Sidero or Strongylos Island
The names of these formations vary by convention, this "island" sometimes being called an "islet." It should not be confused with the peninsula of Sideros itself, which also sometimes is called an island, nor should it be confused with another insular formation south of Crete called Strongylo, "round." The "round" etymology is straightforward and descriptive, while Sidero is named after the cape it is near.

This formation, Sidero islet, found at  is classified as a "rock" (vrachos) by the HSGN. The diameter is , which implies an area of 0.001643 km2, an approximation, as the rock is not quite "round." The altitude is , for which reason it cannot be a reef. It sits in about , 400 yd north of the cape (close inshore), about 1100 yd from the light.

Maps

See also
List of islands of Greece

References

Reference bibliography

External links

 Photographs of the cape

Landforms of Lasithi
Uninhabited islands of Crete
Islands of Greece


text:
The Houston area population includes a large number of people with Chinese ancestral backgrounds. According to the American Community Survey, as of 2013, Greater Houston (Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown metropolitan area) has 72,320 residents of Chinese origin.

History
The first Chinese to enter Houston were 250 men coming in 1870 to do construction work. The Daily Houston Telegraph, in January of that year, stated that 247 Chinese docked in Galveston and went onwards in the region. The 1877 Houston City Directory listed three ethnic Chinese who worked in laundries, and the 1880 United States Census, the first to count the Chinese in Houston, showed 7 Chinese residents in there. Anthony Knapp and Igor Vojnovic, authors of "Ethnicity in an Immigrant Gateway City: The Asian Condition in Houston", described the Chinese population of Houston at the time as being small.

A report stated that circa 1901 Houston had 43 ethnic Chinese. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in 1902, and this convinced some ethnic Chinese to abandon Houston, as the same report stated that the population was down to 27 that year. Nester Rodriguez, author of "Hispanic and Asian Immigration Waves in Houston," concluded that most of the original men from 1870 left Houston. The first Chinese business district opened in the early 1900s. The city government had a "Chinese inspector" to look for traces of illegal activities related to vices, and Knapp and Vojnovic wrote that Houstonians at the time felt threatened by the ethnic Chinese presence.

During the Great Depression, some Chinese moved from rural Mississippi to Houston. They had operated small stores in Mississippi but they decided to move because many of their previous clientele, African-Americans, left the state during the Great Migration.

In the late 1930s there were fewer than 50 Chinese in Houston. At that time, most families of Chinese ethnicity operated restaurants and small groceries. They usually lived in residences behind their business or residences on the upper floors of the buildings housing their businesses. Due to racial discrimination they were unable to join labor unions or obtain high-quality jobs.

The number of Chinese in Houston increased to 121 by the start of World War II. During the war, many Chinese from southern states migrated to take advantage of the economy and the population increased by more than twice its size. In addition, the Chinese Exclusion Act was revoked in 1943, and the Chinese Communist Revolution replaced the government in the Mainland in 1949, causing additional persons to leave China. The revolution and repeal prompted additional assimilation among those in Houston. However, there were still under 1,000 persons of Chinese origin in 1950 in the area, with about 500 in the city. As ethnic Chinese could not gain entrance into professional schools at the time, the majority worked in businesses such as groceries and restaurants.

In the early 1950s the Chinese Merchants' Association moved into an area in the southeastern edge of Downtown Houston in what is today East Downtown, and this Chinatown grew during the 1970s. This area is currently referred to as the "Old Chinatown", and still contains some notable landmarks including the original Kim Sơn restaurant. Many Chinese businesses have since moved out, and the area is currently undergoing re-development.

In 1960 there were about 325 people in the city of Houston of Chinese origins. In the 1960s there were about 2,500 ethnic Chinese in the Houston area.

In the decade of the 1970s the first schools teaching the Chinese language appeared.

By 1983 there were about 30,000 people of Chinese origin in the Houston area. The first businesses of the new Houston Chinatown, located near Bellaire and Beltway 8, opened that year. The new Chinatown began to expand in the 1990s when local Asian-American entrepreneurs moved their businesses from older neighborhoods, especially the "Old Chinatown" in a search for more inexpensive properties. Knapp and Vojnovic stated that by in the 1980s Houstonians, along with local media outlets and the government agencies, "touted" them "as a
cultural and economic asset."

In 2000 the estimate of the Chinese-American population in Houston was 24,000. Moises Mendoza of the Houston Chronicle said in 2010 that "the population is thought to have grown by tens of thousands" since the 2000 estimate.

In 2001 Gordon Quan, a member of the Houston City Council, urged Asian Americans and Chinese Americans to become more involved in politics.

Geography
The first Chinatown in Houston was in the northern part of Downtown Houston. This shifted to what is the Old Chinatown by the 1970s as skyscrapers had replaced many of the buildings in northern Downtown. The New Chinatown began development in the 1980s.

Demographics
According to the 2010 Census there were 43,940 persons of Chinese/Taiwanese descent in Harris County, making up 15.7% of all Asians in the county. This figure includes those with origins from Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. In 2010 the ethnic Chinese were the second largest Asian ethnic group in Fort Bend County, making up 21% of that county's Asians. As of the same year the ethnic Chinese were the second largest Asian ethnic group in Montgomery County.

Prior to the 1950s most Chinese in Houston were Cantonese people and often were not formally educated. In 1980 the ethnic Chinese were Harris County's largest Asian population. In 1990 there were 25,019 persons of Chinese/Taiwanese descent, making up 22.8% of the Asians in the county. By then the origins of ethnic Chinese, in addition to those from other parts of the U.S., were from Mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong. By 1990 the Chinese were Harris County's second largest Asian community after the Vietnamese. In 2000 there were 34,673 persons of Chinese/Taiwanese descent, making up 18% of the Asians in the county. If the Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi populations of Harris County are combined into a single group, then in 2000 the Chinese were the third largest Asian ethnic group, slightly behind the second-largest Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi group. From 2000 to 2010 the ethnic Chinese population in Harris County grew by 27%.

Transportation
In 2013 Air China announced that it would begin nonstop service from Beijing to Houston. Xu Erwen (), the consul general of the Consulate-General of China in Houston, said that the new flight "means a lot" to Houston's Chinese population.

In 2015 EVA Air began services to Taipei from Houston. Mayor of Houston Annise Parker stated that the growing Asian population of Houston made this flight an important one.

In 2004 China Airlines started a flight from Houston to Taipei stopping in Seattle, making it the first Asian carrier to fly to Houston. The airline stated that many Taiwanese companies had offices in Houston. In 2008, China Airlines announced that it was discontinuing service to Houston. When the China Airlines service was in operation the airline had a private bus service to Sugar Land and Southwest Houston Chinatown.

Media
Southern News Group, a publishing business owned by a Chinese-American, has its headquarters in Houston.

The Southwest Chinese Journal once served ethnic Chinese Houstonians.

By 2020 WeChat was commonly in use among recent Mainland immigrants.

Economy
Circa the 1870s the first Chinese laundry was established. Circa 1930 the first ethnic Chinese grocery business was Quong Yick, operated by C. Y. Chu. When Chinese laundries were no longer widely patronized, ethnic Chinese began operating restaurants; at the time not many non-Chinese in the area were interested in eating Chinese-style food, so initially restaurants served American food instead.

There was a bill in the Texas Senate to have property of deceased Asian Americans in urban areas be returned to the state instead of giving to heirs, and non-Asian owners of grocery businesses wished to remove competition and therefore sponsored the bill. However the bill was removed while in committee after two Asian Americans testified against the bill: they were Houston resident Edward King Tung (E. K. T.) Chen and San Antonio resident Rose Wu.

Institutions

The Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Houston of Taiwan (Republic of China) is located in Greenway Plaza. The Taiwanese mission also has the Chinese Cultural Center in the Westchase district.

In the era before the Repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act, the area Chinese consulate advocated for the rights of ethnic Chinese in the city as ethnic Chinese at the time had limited rights. The People's Republic of China operated the Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Houston in Montrose, from 1979 until 2020.

The Chinese Community Center (CCC, , "Houston Chinese Culture Service Center"), an IRS 501(c)(3) organization and a United Way affiliate, is located in the Bellaire Chinatown. The facility opened in 1979 as the Chinese Language School. The CCC has several levels of English classes offered daily. As of 2006, at CCC about 80% of the students have university degrees, and the other 20% are the companions of the students with university degrees.

In the early years of the Chinese community, the Chinese Association of Houston and the On Leong Chinese Merchants Association, the latter having its meeting room in east Houston, were present. The first umbrella organization for ethnic Chinese was Wah Kew of Houston. E. K. T. Chen was elected president in the 1940s.

The Houston Lodge of the Chinese American Citizens Alliance (CACA) was established in 1954. Edward C. M. Chen, the son of E. K. T. Chen, wrote in "An American Chinese in Houston" that this chapter in the 1960s "came into national prominence". Edward C. Chen later was elected as the head of this chapter and was the youngest person elected as such.

The Houston Asian American Archive, founded in 2010 by Dr Anne S. Chao, is a research archive as part of the outreach arm of Chao Center for Asian Studies, Rice University, is housed at the Woodson Research Center, Fondren Library. The archive has documented oral history interviews of a significant number of Chinese Americans in Houston, in English, Mandarin or Cantonese.

Language
Historically the Mandarin-speaking and Cantonese-speaking groups were distinct, with the latter readily adopting American culture. Jessica Chew, author of "Vietnamese and Chinese American Cultures: Destination Houston," stated that the former "represent a more elitist culture".

Cuisine
There has been Viet Hoa (ethnic Chinese) influence on Vietnamese cuisine served in Houston. Suzanne Chew, mother of Jessica Chew, stated that the situation is a "Chinese mix".

The barbecue at Blood Bros. BBQ in Bellaire has Asian-American influences, with the co-owners being of Chinese ancestry.

Politics
In the era before the Repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act, the area Chinese lacked political clout, relying on the Chinese consulate to advocate on their behalf. In 1995 ethnic Chinese in the Houston area had a preference for the Republican Party. By 2013, due concerns about discrimination against Asians and immigration policies and the lessening importance of anti-Communism, the political preferences of ethnic Chinese shifted towards Democrats and independents.

Beverley Clark, of mixed Chinese and African-American origins, was elected to the Houston City Council in 1989, being the first city council member of Asian origins. Martha Wong, elected to the council in 1993, was the first person of majority Asian origins to be elected to the council.

Education
In the era of de jure racial segregation in the United States ethnic Chinese in the Houston area were classified as white and therefore could get superior educational opportunities to the undergraduate level. However professional schools such as law, medical, and dental schools in the area rejected applications from ethnic Chinese, restricting their choices of careers. CACA successfully lobbied for the professional schools to accept ethnic Chinese.

E. K. T. Chen, the first university professor in the city of Chinese ancestry, was also the first graduate from the University of Houston of Chinese ancestry. He received his degree in the 1930s.

Religion

The Texas Teo Chew Temple (; ) is operated by the Teochew people, including those who originated from Vietnam.

Fo Guang Shan Chung Mei Temple () is a Buddhist Temple located in Stafford, Texas.

A Taoist temple, Texas Guandi Temple () is located in East Downtown. The temple was established in 1999 by a Vietnamese couple, Charles Loi Ngo and Carolyn, the former originating from China. They decided to build a temple to Guan Yu (Guandi) after surviving an aggravated robbery which occurred at their store in the Fifth Ward. They believed that Guandi saved their lives during the incident. A Vietnamese refugee named Charles Lee coordinated the donations and funding so the temple could be built; Lee stated his motivation was to thank the United States for welcoming him and saving his life when he arrived in 1978. The construction materials and architectural design originated from China. A representation of Buddha and a golden Lord Brahma originated from Thailand. The temple is open to followers of all religions, and it has perfumed halls. Ming Shui Huang was appointed volunteer manager in 2000.

In 1999 the Houston area had 350 Chinese Catholic families. Ascension Chinese Mission () originated from a Chinese worship service that was established in the 1970s. The parish was created in 1988, initially operating out of a commercial center in the southwest Houston Chinatown area. It relocated to its current site in Spring 1991.

Recreation
The Lunar New Year (Chinese New Year) is celebrated in Houston, and Miss Chinatown is held at that time. Other recreational events occur during the holiday.

The Dragoneers youth social club for Chinese Americans met at Chinese Baptist Church.

Literature
Edward M. Chen compiled oral histories and wrote a chapter about the history of the ethnic Chinese published in the 1984 book The Ethnic Groups in Houston, edited by Fred von der Mehden. Edward Chen, in 1980, had organized an exhibit at UH about the Chinese community, titled "Centennial of the History of Chinese in Houston since 1880."

Notable individuals
Gordon Quan (Houston City Council member)
Martha Wong (Houston City Council member) - Houston Heights
KevJumba (Kevin Wu) - Comedian and actor
 (黃柏鈞) Chinese-American Movie Star
Cindy Yen Chinese-American Pop Star
Terry Chang Gee (died 2012) became a volunteer in Chinese American causes. Quan said "He's considered one of the pioneers of the Chinese community."
Yao Ming played for Houston Rockets from 2002 to 2011
Edward King Tung Chen (Former Deputy Counsul Republic of China and First Chinese Professor in Houston{ Prevented Internment of Chinese during the Korean War by working with FBI) [28]An Application for an Official Texas Historical Marker for Edward King Tung Chen 1909-1957 Newspaperman, Diplomat, Scholar, Professor, Patriot  American, Texan, Houstonian of Chinese Ancestry by Edward Chuck Ming Chen
Gene Wu (member of the Texas House of Representatives)

See also

 Demographics of Houston
 History of the Vietnamese Americans in Houston
 MetroCorp Bancshares

References
  - Table of contents

 Brady, Marilyn Dell. The Asian Texans. Texas A&M University Press, 2004. , 9781585443123.

 Klineberg, Stephen L. and Jie Wu. "DIVERSITY AND TRANSFORMATION AMONG ASIANS IN HOUSTON: Findings from the Kinder Institute's Houston Area Asian Survey (1995, 2002, 2011)" (Archive). Kinder Institute for Urban Research, Rice University. February 2013.
 Rodriguez, Nestor. "Hispanic and Asian Immigration Waves in Houston." in: Chafetz, Janet Salzman and Helen Rose Ebaugh (editors). Religion and the New Immigrants: Continuities and Adaptations in Immigrant Congregations. AltaMira Press, October 18, 2000. , 9780759117129.
 Also available in: Ebaugh, Helen Rose Fuchs and Janet Saltzman Chafetz (editors). Rowman & Littlefield, January 1, 2000. 0742503909, 9780742503908.

Notes

Further reading
  - page 6 talks about Chinese arriving in the port of Galveston
 Harris County block book maps:
 West Houston Chinese Church (曉士頓西區中國教會) - PDF and JPG
 An Application for an Official Texas Historical Marker for Edward King Tung Chen 1909-1957 Newspaperman, Diplomat, Scholar, Professor, Patriot American, Texan, Houstonian of Chinese Ancestry by Edward Chuck Ming Chen

External links

 Chinese Community Center
 Chinese American Petroleum Association (CAPA, )
 Chinese American Doctors Association of Houston (CADAH)
 Archives of the Southwest Chinese Journal

Asian-American culture in Houston
Chinese
History of Houston
Chinese-American culture in Texas
Houston
Houston


text:
Intersex people are born with sex characteristics, such as chromosomes, gonads, or genitals that, according to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies".

Intersex people were historically termed hermaphrodites, "congenital eunuchs", or even congenitally "frigid". Such terms have fallen out of favor, now considered to be misleading and stigmatizing. Intersex people have been treated in different ways by different religions and cultures, and numerous historical accounts exist.

Judaism

The Talmud contains extensive discussion concerning the status of two intersex types in Jewish law; namely the androginus, which exhibits both male and female external sexual organs, and the tumtum which exhibits neither. The nature of the androgynous is a topic first expanded upon explicitly in the Mishna, where debate arises as to the individual's classification as either male or female. The Talmud discusses it primarily in two places, in Tractate Bikkurim and in Tractate Yevamot. One opinion in Tractate Bikkurim indicates that the androgynos has elements of the male, elements of the female, elements of both, and elements of neither. The other opinion insists that the androgynos is its own sex - a category unto itself. Yevamot conducts a much lengthier analysis, where a variety of different approaches are considered in light of the opinions established in Bikkurim. In these discussions, the Talmudic personalities delineate four theoretical categories into which the androgynos may fall:
 The sex of the individual is unknown. They may be male or may be female, but their true identity remains in doubt.
 They are their own sex, a category unto themselves completely separate from the male and female sexes.
 They are both male and female, that is, they exist simultaneously as a member of both sexes.
 They are considered male. Because they possess male sexual characteristics, they belong to the male sex.
Jewish Law has specific legal obligation that differ for men and women, and thus gender becomes an exceedingly important aspect of one's identity.

When determining the legal gender of androgynos individuals, a minority of Jewish Law decisors, "posek", classify androgynos individuals as completely male. Therefore, androgynos individuals would be obligated by law in the same way as men. However, the majority of Talmudic commentators and Jewish Law decisors do not assign androgynos individuals a fixed gender, and instead leave them in a status of doubtful identity. Because of the androgynos person's uncertain identity, they can be classified differently in varying cases - sometimes male, sometimes female, sometimes both male and female, and other times neither. The legal ramifications of such an attitude forces the individual to adhere to Jewish law as both a male and female. According to this classification, in cases where the law differs for men and women, androgynos individuals must adhere to the stricter option. For example, time-bound positive mitzvot (commandments) that men are obligated to keep and women are exempted, androgynos individuals must keep the obligation. Those who classify an androgynos individual as definitively both male and female would agree with this principle, though practice may differ in certain cases. The difference between classifying an androgynos individual as only male or as a doubtful identity would manifest itself in a case where performing a commandment would also require a blessing in conjunction. According to those who maintain that an androgynos has an uncertain sex, the individual would not recite the blessing. This is because the only men may recite this blessing, and if the individual isn't a man, they would be reciting the blessing in vain. However, according to the opinions who maintain that the individual is fully male, then they would recite the blessing as any other male would.

Christianity

Eunuchs are mentioned many times in the Bible, such as in the Book of Isaiah (56:4) using the word סריס (saris). Matthew establishes that the term refers to some individuals from birth, as well as individuals made eunuchs through castration:

The reference to "eunuchs" in Matthew 19:12 has yielded various interpretations.

Roman law and post-classical Canon law referred to a person's sex as male, female or hermaphrodite, with legal rights as male or female depending on the characteristics that appeared most dominant. Under Roman law, a hermaphrodite had to be classed as either male or female.

The 12th-century Decretum Gratiani states that "Whether an hermaphrodite may witness a testament, depends on which sex prevails". According to Raming, Macy and Cook, the Canon lawyer Huguccio states that, "If someone has a beard, and always wishes to act like a man (excercere virilia) and not like a female, and always wishes to keep company with men and not with women, it is a sign that the male sex prevails in him and then he is able to be a witness, where a woman is not allowed". On ordainment, Raming, Macy and Cook found that the Decretum Gratiani states, "item Hermafroditus. If therefore the person is drawn to the feminine more than the male, the person does not receive the order. If the reverse, the person is able to receive but ought not to be ordained on account of deformity and monstrosity."

On August 29, 2017, the evangelical Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood in the United States released a manifesto on human sexuality known as the "Nashville Statement". The statement states in part, "WE AFFIRM that the differences between male and female reproductive structures are integral to God's design for self-conception as male or female. WE DENY that physical anomalies or psychological conditions nullify the God-appointed link between biological sex and self-conception as male or female" and, "WE AFFIRM that those born with a physical disorder of sex development are created in the image of God and have dignity and worth equal to all other image-bearers. They are acknowledged by our Lord Jesus in his words about "eunuchs who were born that way from their mother's womb." With all others they are welcome as faithful followers of Jesus Christ and should embrace their biological sex insofar as it may be known. WE DENY that ambiguities related to a person's biological sex render one incapable of living a fruitful life in joyful obedience to Christ." Due to perceived homophobia, transphobia, and misogyny, the Nashville Statement has attracted controversy.

Islam

Scholars of Islamic jurisprudence have detailed discussions on the status and rights of intersex based on what mainly exhibits in their external sexual organs. The intersex rights includes rights of inheritance, rights to marriage, and rights to live like any other male or female. The legal interest in an otherwise statistically rare biological phenomenon bears correspondence to the Talmudic discussions of Intersex persons (different in content from Islamic teachings).

An intersex person is called a Khunthaa in the books of Fiqh. Intersex medical interventions are considered permissible to achieve agreement between a person's exterior, chromosomal make-up or sex organs. They are regarded as treatment and not the altering of Allah's creation or imitation of the opposite sex.

Anitism

Lakapati is a hermaphrodite and a major fertility deity in the Tagalog religion. Her prowess on fertility covers not only human and divine fertility, but also the fertility of all other things such as wildlife, crops, trees, and plants. She is also the goddess of cultivated land. A prayer dedicated to Lakapati was recited by children when sowing seeds: "Lakapati, pakanin mo yaring alipin mo; huwag mong gutumin (Lakapati, feed this thy slave; let him not hunger)". Prominent among deities who received full-blown sacrifices, Lakapati is represented by a hermaphrodite image with both male and female parts and was worshiped in the fields at planting time.

Hinduism

Sangam literature uses the word pedi () to refer to people born with an intersex condition; it also refers to antharlinga hijras and various other hijras. Intersex people are popularly known as Mabedi Usili in Hijra community but their identity always remained as a distinct identity from popular hijra community. In Tirumantiram, Tirumular recorded the relationship between intersex people and Shiva. Warne and Raza argue that an association between intersex and hijra people is mostly unfounded, but popular misunderstandings "cause tremendous fear in the parents" of intersex infants and children.

See also
Intersex
Intersex in history

Notes

Intersex in religion and mythology
Intersex in society
Sexuality and religion


text:
Application Configuration Access Protocol (ACAP) – protokół do przechowywania i synchronizowania ogólnej konfiguracji i danych preferencji. Początkowo był opracowany tak żeby klienci IMAP mogli łatwo uzyskać dostęp do książek adresowych, opcji użytkownika i innych danych na centralnym serwerze i były utrzymywane w synchronizacji ze wszystkimi klientami.

Odbyły się dwie międzynarodowe konferencje jedna w Pittsburgh, PA, USA, a druga w lutym w 1998 w Qualcomm Incorporated, San Diego, Kalifornia, USA.

ACAP rozwinął się i obejmuje kilka innych obszarów, m.in. zarządzaniem zakładkami do przeglądania internetowych przeglądarek – jest skutecznym protokołem roaming dla internetowych aplikacji. ACAP jest używany w różnym stopniu przez co najmniej czterech klientów i trzy serwery, ale nigdy nie zyskał dostępu do globalnej sieci MindShare z Lightweight Directory Access Protocol lub SyncML. To pozornie prosty protokół, ale połączenie trzech kluczowych cech, danych hierarchicznych, drobnoziarnistej kontroli dostępu, oraz "konteksty" lub zapisanie wyszukiwania z powiadomieniem, spowodował poważne problemy dla osób wdrażających (lub realizujących) aplikacje. W przeciwieństwie do protokołu LDAP, ACAP został zaprojektowany do częstego pisania, tzn. bezładnego tryb dostępu (czyli klienci mogą przejść do trybu offline, a później ponownie go zsynchronizować), i tak dalej. Obsługuje też dziedziczenie danych, czasami znane jako separacja pionowa, który zapewnia łatwe tworzenie standardowych opcji.

IETF ACAP Grupa Robocza zaprzestała działalności w kwietniu 2004 r., opublikowała dwa dokumenty RFC,  ("ACAP) i  ("Anonimowy mechanizm SASL").

Linki zewnętrzne

Protokoły sieciowe


text:
Franciszek Ksawery Dmochowski, född 2 december 1762 i Oprawczyki, död 20 juni 1808 i Błonie, var en polsk politiker och författare. Han var far till Franciszek Salezy Dmochowski.

Dmochowski var professor i poesi och retorik i Warszawa och vann, såsom sekreterare i nationalrådet, stort inflytande i sitt fädernesland. Efter Polens fall (1795) flydde han till Venedig och Paris, där han blev ledamot av den polska nationalkommittén. År 1800 återvände han till Polen och stiftade tillsammans med Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz "Vetenskapsvännernas sällskap" i Warszawa, vilken förening spelade en mycket betydande roll ända till 1831.

Den polska litteraturen har att tacka Dmochowski för många utmärkta översättningar, såsom av Iliaden (tredje upplagan 1827), några sånger av Odysséen, spridda stycken av John Miltons "Det förlorade paradiset" och Aeneiden (fullbordad av Wincenty Jakubowski, 1809). Vidare utgav Dmochowski en imitation av Horatius "Ars Poetica" (tredje upplagan 1827) och många för sin klassiska stil berömda tal. Största delen av hans arbeten utkom 1826, under titeln Pisma rozmaite (Blandade skrifter).

Källor

Polska professorer
Polska politiker
Polska översättare
Polskspråkiga översättare
Översättare från grekiska
Översättare från engelska
Polska författare under 1700-talet
Polska författare under 1800-talet
Födda 1762
Avlidna 1808
Män
Ugglan


text:
Nikki Serlenga, född den 20 juni 1978 i San Diego, Kalifornien, är en amerikansk fotbollsspelare. Vid fotbollsturneringen under OS 2000 i Sydney deltog hon i det amerikanska lag som tog silver.

Referenser

Källor
 Denna artikel är helt eller delvis översatt från motsvarande artikel på portugisiska wikipedia.

Externa länkar
Sports-reference.com
- Statistik: Nikki Serlenga

Amerikanska fotbollsspelare
Amerikanska olympiska silvermedaljörer
Olympiska silvermedaljörer 2000
Tävlande vid olympiska sommarspelen 2000 från USA
Tävlande i fotboll vid olympiska sommarspelen 2000
Kvinnor
Födda 1978
Levande personer
Idrottare från San Diego


text:
Натуральне число 1723
 1723 рік до нашої ери
 1723 рік нашої ери


text:
— 11-томная манга, созданная группой Кайсаку. Она была адаптирована в виде 2 аниме-сериалов, а также 2 OVA.

Сюжет
Действие происходит в наши дни. На Землю начало прибывать множество инопланетян и волшебных существ, и вскоре они стали обычным явлением. Кадзуто Токино — молодой японский парень, желающий держать дедушкину баню несмотря на то, что его родители против этого. Они считают, что у него ещё нет достаточных навыков. Но внезапно принцесса-инопланетянка Валькирия нечаянно разрушает баню и сама оказывается смертельно ранена. Она сможет спастись, если поцелует другого, но этот поцелуй будет стоить ей половины души. Кадзуто целует её, и девушка приобретает облик 8-летней девочки. Теперь Кадзуто и Валькирия связаны друг с другом. В это время вся солнечная система занята её поисками, а Кадзуто и Валькирия влюбляются друг в друга.

Персонажи
Валькирия (яп. ワルキューレ)— Валькирия, после того как отдала половину души Кадзуто, стала маленькой 8-летней девочкой. Это проявилось не только во внешности — её характер стал как у маленького ребёнка. Очень любит мангу и аниме. Всегда ревнует к Кадзуто и говорит очень просто, так чтобы все понимали. Валькирия в детский форме всегда весёлая и шумная. У неё появились свои последователи, например Санада. В детской форме влюблена в Кадзуто. Валькирия прибыла из планеты Вальгалла, находящейся в созвездии Дельфина. Когда узнала, что её отец хочет заключить политический брак, то совершила аварийную посадку на Земле в бане у Кадзуто. После этого чтобы спасти себя, она целует Кадзуто и становится ребёнком. Чтобы на время вернуть себе настоящий облик, она должна снова поцеловать его. Валькирия может летать, управлять энергией и создавать защитные щиты, а также она получает ключ времени в начале второго сезона, который может совершать ряд необычных вещей. В детской форме она не способна использовать свои силы. Позже выясняется, что Кадзуто тот, за кого она должна была выйти замуж. Она вне себя от радости.
 Сэйю: Хисаё Мотидзуки

Кадзуто Токино (яп. 時野和人) — Человек, владелец бани, которая досталась ему от покойного дедушки. Но родители категорически против, т.к считают его ещё совсем неопытным. Очень трудолюбивый и добрый. Чуть не погибает при аварийной посадке Валькирии. Приглашает жить её к себе домой и позже влюбляется. Он хотел женится на девушке, но оказывается, что он является eё официальным женихом.
 Сэйю: Кэнъити Судзумура

Гидра (яп. ハイドラ) — Одна из 8 принцесс Вальгаллы. Видит в Валькирии потенциального соперника. Она понимает что если Валькирия не выйдет замуж, то следующей кандидаткой станет она. И поэтому Гидра первой пребывает на Землю, чтобы вернуть назад Валькирию. Она совершает аварийную посадки на храм и сначала силой пытается вернуть Валькирию. Однако за то, что разрушила храм, она была вынуждена отдать силу Акине и сама стала ребёнком. После этого она ещё несколько раз пробовала поймать Валькирию. : Гидра очень вспыльчивая и делает всё прежде, чем подумает. Из-за этого всё время попадает в дурные ситуации и склонна уничтожать всё вокруг себя. Может превращаться в крылатого коня, устраивать взрывы. Она живёт с Акиной и часто дразнит её за размер груди и симпатию к Кадзуто. Гидра и Акина могут соединятся в могущественного воина — Акидру. В такой форме они телепатически могут общаться между собой.
 Сэйю: Тинами Нисимура

Санада (яп. 真田さん) — Главная горничная королевской семьи Вальгаллы, девушка-кошка. Она очень верная слуга. В нормальном состоянии принимает облик четырёх девочек-кошек. Узнав об исчезновении Валькирии, отправляется на Землю и поселяется в доме Кадзуто, изначально зная, что он — официальный жених. Санада описывает взрослую Валькирию как фундаменталистку. Из-за того, что слишком сильно заботится о безопасности Валькирии и Кадзуто, вызывает больше проблем, чем пользы. Так она не раз нападала на девушек, которые хотели быть рядом с Кадзуто.

 Сэйю: Риэ Танака

Акина Нанамура (яп. 七村秋菜) — Подруга детства Кадзуто. Она обладает большой силой некроманта. Может атаковать демонов и создавать барьерный щит. Она также любит Кадзуто и ревнует его к Валькирии. Акина ужасный певец караоке. У неё нету груди, за что её часто высмеивает Гидра. Во втором сезоне Валькирия с помощью ключа делает грудь Акины огромной, но потом они снова становятся маленькими. Акина и Гидра могут соединятся в могущественного воина — Акидру. В такой форме они телепатически могут общаться между собой.

 Сэйю: Саэко Тиба

Мару (яп. マル) — Галактический пират и воин. Когда то хотел похитить Валькирию за выкуп. Он похож на персонажа Дэнгаку из Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo.
 Сэйю: Харуко Момои

Рика Токино (яп. 時野リカ) — Младшая сестра Кадзуто, она помогает ему обустроить баню. Очень жадная. Готова на всё ради денег. Однажды пыталась продать Валькирию. Надеется когда-нибудь попасть в хорошую школу, а потом и в университет. Она ради этого отказалась даже встречаться с популярным мальчиком из своей школы. Она поддерживает брак между Кадзуто и Валькирией, т.к она сможет выбраться из долгов и самой получить много денег.
 Сэйю: Оми Минами

Сиро (яп.) — Питомец Валькирии. Он белая собака, а также ветеран и один из лучших пилотов истребителей. Известен как Камета Споттхаим. Он живёт в резиденции Токино и делает ремонт. Когда-то Валькирия играла с ним как с игрушкой, но тот не имел ничего против. Несмотря на свой размер и внешность, у него низкий голос и серьёзный характер.
 Сэйю: Тадахиса Сайдзен

Хорус (яп. コーラス) — Одна из восьми принцесс Вальгаллы, робот. Умная и эксцентричная любит спать в шкафу. Играет весомую роль во втором сезоне. Она способна чувствовать и улавливать световые, радио и психические волны (чувства человека) и превращать их в картины с помощью компьютера и принтера.
 Сэйю: Хоко Кувасима

Райнэ (яп. ライネ) — Самая младшая из восьми принцесс Вальгаллы. Она плохо управляет машинами. Изначально вернулась на Землю, чтобы вернуть Валькирию, т.к очень любит её. Позже поселяется в доме Кадзуто и влюбляется в него. Может принимать вид любого существа. У Райнэ из головы торчит антенна, даже когда она имитирует человека. Из-за этого ей плохо удаётся маскироваться. В 3 сезоне она отправляется в прошлое, чтобы исправить свои ошибки в колледже. При этом не возникло временных парадоксов.

 Сэйю: Маюми Иидзука

Миму (яп. メーム) — Самая старшая из 8 принцесс Вальгаллы. Она также глава королевской семьи. Несмотря на это, очень болтлива и часто посещает дом Токино, чтобы проверить отношения между Кадзуто и Валькирией. Именно она рассказала им что Кадзуто является официальным женихом Валькирии. Она может летать и стрелять сгустками энергии.

 Сэйю: Эми Синохара

Инаруба (яп. イナルバ) — Самая серьёзная из 8 принцесс Вальгаллы. Строго следует законам и является судьёй королевской семьи. Все боятся её, даже Гидра, ведь Инаруба применяет самые суровые наказания. Позже отправляется на Землю, чтобы судить членов королевской семьи и подготовить свадьбу Валькирии и Кадзуто.

 Сэйю: Кикуко Иноуэ

Нести (яп. ネスティ) — Ещё одна из восьми принцесс Вальгаллы. Она практически не появлялась в сериале и манге. Она ведёт анти—пиратский космический флот и охотится на преступников. Она находит артефакт Валгаллы с помощью которых предыдущие поколения принцесс заключали брак. Нести приносит его на Землю. Но привлекает туда космических пиратов.

 Сэйю: Ю Асакава

Фам (яп. ファム) — Одна из 8 принцесс. Появляется однажды в сериале. Она потерпела крушение на Земле рядом с Кадзуто, но не ранит его и ничего не разрушает. Она объявляет себя классным руководителем. Она носит большие очки и вступает в конфликт с Санадой.

 Сэйю: Май Кадоваки

Призрачная Валькирия — Главный антагонист 2 сезона. Обладает тёмной и жестокой личностью. Похожа на взрослую Валькирию и единственная имеет чёрные крылья на голове. У неё фиолетовые глаза, которые при использовании силы становятся красными. Ищет легендарный дух «Любовь фантома» в надежде что он вылечит её от одиночества. Она находит его в душе Кадзуто. Несмотря на то, что не ставит перед собой цель вредить кому-либо. Безжалостно уничтожает всех, кто встаёт у неё на пути. Так чуть не убила Гидру. Может летать и создавать мощные взрывы энергии. Сначала пытается завоевать сердце Кадзуто и даже похищает его. Не может быть убита. Но её уничтожает Валькирия, высвободив с помощью ключа времени все негативные эмоции, из которых она состояла.

Сэйю: Мэгуми Огата

Список серий аниме

Первый сезон
 01. The Bath House that has an Angel
 02. Transformation Princess Walküre
 03. Cat Eared Maid Chief Sanada-san
 04. What Your Wings Aim For
 05. Rika-Chan's Diary
 06. Hime-Sama Memorial
 07. Off-Track Princess Raine
 08. Cat Ear Relaxation Trip
 09. Akina's Small Transformation
 10. The Story of the Mail Ordered Asteroid
 11. Tokino Bath House Space Branch
 12. Walküre Fantasy Adventure
 13. UFO Princess Valkyrie: SPECIAL (спецвыпуск)

Второй сезон
 01. Key of Time
 02. Mechanic Princess Chorus
 03. Electric Wave Princess Chorus
 04. Maiden of the School Planet
 05. Valkyrie Ghost
 06. Meemu Night Flight
 07. First Super Karaoke Competition
 08. Nekomimi Hakkouda Mountain
 09. Strongest Super Girl Akidora
 10. Twelve Dark Moons
 11. The Four Lost Princesses
 12. Valkyrie Flying in the Skies

Третий сезон OVA
 01. The Relation between the Maiden and the Spectacles
 02. The Goddess of Judgement, Inarva
 03. Nekomimizukin Comes Forth
 04. Raine Raine Raine
 05. Runaway Princess Valkyrie
 06. The Battle of the Sky Wedding Palace

Четвёртый сезон OVA
 01. Valkyrie's Reunion
 02. Star of Wishes, Star of Thoughts

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт аниме

TNK


text:
Brittany Joyce Elmslie,  (born 19 June 1994) is a former Australian competitive swimmer. She represented Australia at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics in swimming, and won a gold medal in the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay at both Games.

Personal life
Elmslie was born in Nambour, Queensland. She was named a 2011–2012 YoungStar Sport Award winner for the Northside Chronicle. , she lives in Brisbane, having moved there from Noosa, where she attended Good Shepherd Lutheran College, in 2011 in order to improve her chances of making the Olympics.

Elmslie is  tall and weighs .

Elmslie initially studied Business at Griffith University, majoring in Events and Sports Management. She subsequently changed her academic major to Media and Communications at Flinders University.

On June 2, 2020, Elmslie attributed her retirement from competitive swimming, to her own self-reflection after she did not qualify for the 2018 Commonwealth Games, and self-realisation at the finals of the 2019 Australian Swimming Championships in Adelaide, that she  was keen on moving on from competitive swimming. Elmslie is currently mentoring young, aspiring athletes, promoting self-evaluation and sharing thought processes of elite athletes, through swimming programs, one-on-one coaching and technique efficiency coaching, conducted by her own business – Golden Perspective.

Swimming
Elmslie is a swimmer. , her best time in the 100-metre freestyle is 53.54 seconds and was set at the 2016 Hancock Prospecting Australian Swimming Championships.  Her best time in the 50-metre freestyle is 24.74 seconds, set at the 2016 Swimming Australia Grand Prix.  Her best time in the 200-metre freestyle is 1:56.79, set at the 2014 McDonald's Queensland Championships.  Her best time in the 100-metre butterfly is 57.97 seconds set at the 2015 Australian Swimming Championships.  She is a member of Brisbane Grammar School Swimming Club.

At the Guam hosted 2009 Junior Pan Pacific, Elmslie finished first in the 50-metre freestyle and fourth in the 100-metre freestyle. At the 2010 Telstra Australian Swimming Championships, she made the finals in the 50-metre freestyle. At the Hawaii hosted 2010 Junior Pan Pacific, she finished third in the 4×100-metre freestyle and fifth in the 50-metre freestyle.

In 2011, after moving to Brisbane to join other swimmers coached by Matt Brown, Elmslie increased her training regime and lost . Her training partners included Emily Seebohm. At the 2012 Australian National Championships, she set a time of 1 minute 57.24 seconds in the 200-metre freestyle.  She was selected to represent Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the women's 4×200-metre freestyle swimming team event in her first Olympics.  Going into the games, her team was considered a medal favourite.  She was set to compete in the Olympics as a teenager.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics, Elmslie represented the gold medal-winning Australia team (with Cate Campbell, Alicia Coutts and Melanie Schlanger in the final) of the 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay, where the team set a then-Olympic Record of 3:33.15. Elmslie also won two silvers, as part of the Australian teams in the competitive heats of both the 4 × 100 metre medley relay and the 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay.

At the 2013 Australian Swimming Championships she won silver in the 100-metre butterfly and bronze 50-metre freestyle events, qualifying for the 2013 World Aquatics Championships.  At the World Championships, she teamed up with Bronte Campbell, Emma McKeon and Emily Seebohm in the heats of the 4×100-metre freestyle relay, finishing second in their heat and overall.  In the final sisters Cate and Bronte Campbell, Emma McKeon and Alicia Coutts won the silver medal, finishing 0.12 of a second behind the United States team.

At the 2016 Summer Olympics, Elmslie represented the gold medal-winning Australia team (with sisters Cate Campbell and Bronte Campbell and Emma McKeon in the final, along with Madison Wilson in the heats) of the 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay. In the final of the event, the Australian team set a then 4 × 100 metres freestyle relay World Record time of 3:30.65. Elmslie also won silver as part of the Australian team in the competitive heats of the 4 × 100 metre medley relay.

Elmslie did not qualify for the 2018 Commonwealth Games.  On April 23, 2019, Elmslie announced her retirement from competitive swimming, on her personal Instagram page, at the age of 24.

See also

List of Olympic medalists in swimming (women)
List of World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming (women)
List of Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming (women)

References

External links

1994 births
Living people
Australian female butterfly swimmers
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Australian female freestyle swimmers
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Australia
Olympic silver medalists for Australia
Olympic swimmers of Australia
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Sportswomen from Queensland
Swimmers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Swimmers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
World record holders in swimming
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists in swimming
Olympic silver medalists in swimming
Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming
Medalists at the FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m)
People educated at St Margaret's Anglican Girls' School
21st-century Australian women
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games


text:
The FIBA Intercontinental Cup is an international basketball competition organised by FIBA, the sport's global governing body. The champions of the competition are considered the de jure champions of the world, as representatives from all confederation can participate in the competition.

The current competitions is played by the winners of each year's Basketball Africa League, Basketball Champions League, Basketball Champions League Americas, NBA G League and FIBA Asia Champions Cup.

Confederation records (2013–present)
Only including modern era (2013–present) participations.In the modern era of the FIBA Intercontinental Cup, that was restored in 2013, the confederations can each send one team to the tournament.

Africa
Since the 2022, FIBA Africa send the champions of the Basketball Africa League (BAL) to compete. As of today, a team from the BAL has yet to win a game in the competition.

Americas

Europe
In the modern era of the Intercontinental Cup, teams representing Europe have reached the final in each year.

United States (NBA G League)
Instead of the champions of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the champions of each year's NBA G League are participating.

List of participating clubs of the FIBA Intercontinental Cup
The following is a list of clubs that have played in or qualified for the FIBA Intercontinental Cup. Editions in bold indicate competitions won. Rows can be adjusted to national league, total number of participations by national league or club and years played.

Real Madrid have contested the Intercontinental Cup twelve times, a record. The United States hold the record for the nation with the most different teams, with 19 teams having played in the competition.

Notelist

References

FIBA Intercontinental Cup


text:
Thundersbarrow Hill is an archaeological site in West Sussex, England. It is on a chalk ridge, aligned north-west to south-east, on the South Downs north of Shoreham-by-Sea.

There is an Iron Age hillfort; also a bowl barrow and a Martin Down style enclosure of the Bronze Age; and traces of a Romano-British farming village. The site is a scheduled monument.

Description
There was some excavation in 1932 by E. C. Curwen, and in 1985 by D. Rudling.

Hillfort
The univallate fort, area about , is roughly circular; the east side has been much affected by ploughing, but the western side has a bank up to  high. There was originally an outer ditch of width about , now filled in. There are entrances at the north and south-east. Analysis of pottery sherds have shown that the fort was constructed in the 6th century BC and in use until the mid 3rd century BC.

Martin Down style enclosure
Inside the fort is a Martin Down style enclosure, so named after the Bronze Age enclosure on Martin Down in Hampshire, interpreted as a domestic settlement. It is roughly square, with sides of about  and area about , almost levelled by ploughing. There are two original entrances on the west and east sides, about  wide. From analysis of pottery sherds from the (now infilled) ditch, it is thought that the enclosure was in use in the 10th and 9h centuries BC.

Barrow
About  south-east of the fort is the Bronze Age bowl barrow, known as Thunders Barrow. It was disturbed by the creation of a dew pond in 1873 and by earth-moving in 1964; a semi-circular mound remains, about  in diameter and height up to .

Romano-British village
To the east and north of the fort are the buried remains of a Romano-British village. Excavation in 1932 found rectangular houses, dimensions about  by ; coins and sherds of pottery were found, of date AD 50 to 400. On the southern, western and eastern sides of the ridge, over an area of about , a field system contemporary with the Romano-British village can be discerned from earthworks up to  high and by crop marks visible from the air. The mainly rectangular fields have an average area of about .

References

Hill forts in West Sussex
Scheduled monuments in West Sussex
Hills of West Sussex


text:
Star Wars Battlefront is een computerspel uit 2015 gebaseerd op de Star Wars-reeks van Lucasfilm. Het spel is ontwikkeld en uitgebracht door Electronic Arts (EA) en kwam wereldwijd uit in november 2015.

Het spel is het derde deel in de Star Wars: Battlefront-serie en wordt beschouwd als een reboot en geen opvolger van de voorgaande spellen. Het werd in 2017 opgevolgd door Star Wars Battlefront II.

Gameplay
In het spel kiest de speler de kant van de Rebellenalliantie of de Stormtroopers. Andere speelbare personages zijn Luke Skywalker, Darth Vader, Han Solo, Leia Organa en Boba Fett.

Spelers kunnen het spel zowel zelf als met andere spelers of bots spelen. Online kan met maximaal 40 spelers worden gespeeld in 16 levels. Deze levels zijn gebaseerd op vijf locaties uit Star Wars.

Ontvangst
Star Wars Battlefront heeft op aggregatiewebsite Metacritic een score van 72 (PC), 73 (PS4) en 75 (XOne). Het spel ontving gemengde recensies. Men prees de gameplay, graphics en muziek, maar er was kritiek op de herhalende gevechten en de kloof tussen beginnende en hardcore spelers in de online modus.

Externe link

Computerspel uit 2015
Computerspel gebaseerd op Star Wars
Computerspel van LucasArts
First-person shooter
Windows-spel
PlayStation 4-spel
Xbox One-spel


text:
Holzhaus ist ein Ortsteil der Ortschaft Tucheim der Stadt Genthin im Landkreis Jerichower Land in Sachsen-Anhalt.

Geografie
Holzhaus liegt östlich von Wülpen und 2,5 km südlich von Tucheim.  Westlich des Ortsteiles verläuft die Kreisstraße 1212 von Tucheim nach Magdeburgerforth. Die nächstgelegene Autobahnanschlussstelle ist Ziesar/Schopsdorf.

Im Süden verläuft das waldreiche Landschaftsschutzgebiet Möckern-Magdeburgerforth.

Geschichte
Am 1. Juli 2009 hörte Tucheim auf als selbständige Gemeinde auf zu existieren und wurde eine Ortschaft von Genthin, damit wurde auch der Ortsteil Holzhaus von der Stadt Genthin mit eingemeindet.

Quelle
 Ortschaften mit Ortsteile der Stadt Genthin, abgerufen am 26. Juni 2017

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Landkreis Jerichower Land
Geographie (Genthin)


text:
Heinz Troll (* 2. Mai 1939 in Ansbach; † 20. Dezember 2020 in Philippsburg) war ein deutscher Politiker (REP).

Beruflicher Werdegang
Troll besuchte die Volksschule in Ansbach und erlernte anschließend den Beruf des Metzgers. Von 1957 bis 1969 leistete er Militärdienst bei der Bundeswehr. 1968 und 1969 besuchte er die Bundeswehrfachschule in Karlsruhe. Von 1969 bis 1991 arbeitete Troll als Polizeibeamter in Baden-Württemberg.

Politische Karriere
Troll war Kreisvorsitzender der Republikaner im Kreisverband Karlsruhe seit 1988. Weiter war er von 1989 bis 1999 Mitglied des Kreistags Karlsruhe, sowie Stadtrat in Philippsburg. Vom 24. April 1992 bis zum 31. Mai 2001 war Troll Mitglied des Landtages von Baden-Württemberg. Er hatte ein Zweitmandat im Wahlkreis Bruchsal inne.

Weblinks
 www.leo-bw.de: MdL Heinz Troll (REP) 1996 (Abbildung)

Einzelnachweise

Landtagsabgeordneter (Baden-Württemberg)
REP-Mitglied
Kommunalpolitiker (Landkreis Karlsruhe)
Person (Philippsburg)
Deutscher
Geboren 1939
Gestorben 2020
Mann


text:
Sudirman (vroeger: Dukuh Atas) is een spoorwegstation in de Indonesische hoofdstad Jakarta. Het station is genoemd naar de belangrijke straat Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, op zijn beurt genoemd naar generaal Soedirman.

Sudirman


text:
L'université du Wisconsin à Superior () est une université située à Superior, dans le Wisconsin.

Lien externe
  Site officiel

Notes et références

Université du Wisconsin
Comté de Douglas (Wisconsin)
Établissement scolaire fondé en 1893


text:
Płatności transferowe, transfery – przepływy pieniężne pomiędzy podmiotami gospodarki, które nie rodzą obowiązku wzajemnego świadczenia ze strony podmiotu, który otrzymuje środki pieniężne od innego podmiotu. Przepływy te mają charakter redystrybucyjny i należą do nich m.in.:
 subwencje rządowe dla budżetów lokalnych przedsiębiorstw państwowych i komunalnych,
 dofinansowanie wybranych podmiotów, branż czy regionów,
 podatki i opłaty na rzecz budżetu państwa i budżetów samorządowych,
 emerytury,
 renty,
 zasiłki.

Transfery są wykorzystywane m.in. do ochrony miejsc pracy, grup najsłabszych ekonomicznie i nieefektywnych dziedzin działalności, ale niezbędnych do funkcjonowania państwa.

Płatności transferowe tym różnią się też od przepływów ekwiwalentnych, że nie są regulowane przez mechanizmy rynkowe, lecz przez normy prawne ustalane przez podmioty publiczne.

Bibliografia

Polityka gospodarcza
Finanse


text:
Het PDC World Darts Championship 2024 is de geplande 31ste editie van het World Darts Championship, dat georganiseerd wordt door de Professional Darts Corporation. Het toernooi begint op 15 december 2023 en wordt traditiegetrouw gehouden in het Alexandra Palace te Londen. De finale wordt gespeeld op 3 januari 2024. Michael Smith is de titelverdediger. Hij versloeg in 2023 Michael van Gerwen met 7–4 en behaalde zo zijn eerste wereldtitel.

Prijzengeld

Opzet en gekwalificeerde spelers
Het deelnemersveld bestaat uit 96 spelers. De top-32 spelers van de PDC Order of Merit op 26 november 2023 plaatsen zich direct voor het toernooi als reekshoofd. Zij starten in de tweede ronde. Via de Pro Tour Order of Merit kwalificeren de tweeëndertig hoogste niet reeds gekwalificeerde spelers van de PDC Pro Tour 2023 zich. Daarnaast zijn er nog 32 spelers die zich kunnen kwalificeren via Internationale Qualifiers.

Gekwalificeerde spelers op 12-03-23:

Format
Alle wedstrijden worden gespeeld volgens het principe "single in, double out", waarbij de spelers 501 punten moeten scoren om een leg te winnen, eindigend op een double of de bullseye. De wedstrijden worden gespeeld in sets, waarbij elke set gewonnen kan worden volgens "best of 5 legs". Tijdens elke ronde, behalve de eerste, moet de laatste set worden gewonnen met twee legs verschil, tenzij de setscore naar 5-5 gaat. In dat geval wordt er een "sudden-death leg" gespeeld, waarbij er voorafgaand niet naar de bullseye wordt gegooid om te bepalen wie mag beginnen.

De wedstrijden worden langer naarmate het toernooi vordert:

Speelschema
De loting vindt plaats op 27 november 2023.

Eerste ronde (laatste 96)
In de eerste ronde zijn de geplaatste spelers vrij.

Tweede ronde en verder (vanaf laatste 64)

Statistieken

Deelnemers per land

Bijzonderheden

Darts in 2023
Darts in 2024
PDC World Darts Championship