text:
The history of the Jews in Brenham, Texas; covers a period of over 140 years. As one of the first areas in Texas, outside of major population centers, to develop a sizable Jewish population, the community boasts many things of historical note. The Brenham community was formally organized in 1885.

Early Jewish settlement
Early Jewish settlers arrived in Brenham, Texas, during the 1860s. With the arrival of Jewish merchants, Brenham's retail and wholesale trade expanded further. B. Levinson, an original founder, arrived in 1861. The builders of the Simon Theatre, the Simon family, arrived in 1866. These individuals became active in the business community of Brenham, Texas, and as other Jewish settlers arrived, the need for a synagogue grew. Early leaders were: Rabbi Israel L. Fink as first president, F. Susnitsky as vice president, L.Z. Harrison, J. Lewis, Abe Fink. These men were part of the 20 original charter members of B'nai Abraham Synagogue.

B'nai Abraham Synagogue
B'nai Abraham Synagogue was constructed in 1893, after the first structure caught fire in 1892. Viewing the Orthodox synagogue from the outside, the building appears humble. According to James L. Hailey, "[i]n the 1990s the synagogue was believed to be the oldest Orthodox Jewish synagogue to have been in continuous use in Texas."

The B'nai Abraham Cemetery is a Jewish cemetery located in Brenham and associated with B'nai Abraham Synagogue. It is located near Blinn College, west of Brenham's town square. This cemetery is the resting place for many notable Jewish Texans, such the Simon family and Rosa Levin Toubin.

Simon Family and Theatre
In 1866, Alex Simon (December 11, 1825 – October 4, 1906), a citizen of The Republic of Texas who was born in Konin, Poland, arrived in Brenham. His arrival marked the beginning of the influential Simon family's involvement in the Brenham Jewish community. Alex Simon was one of the founders and builders of the B'nai Abraham Synagogue. According to architect Robert P. Davis, "[h]e was also one of the principal investors in the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railroad...which brought Jewish immigrants up from Galveston through the Brazos River valley to Bryan and out to San Angelo." Alex Simon's son, James Simon (March 8, 1858 – August 1, 1925) is known for having financed the construction of the Simon Theatre. Historically, Simon family members have been buried at the B'nai Abraham Cemetery.

Community historians
The history of the Brenham community has been written by the Jewish Texan historian, Rosa Levin Toubin (June 21, 1897 – August 14, 1989). A Brenham native, Rosa Levin Toubin, daughter of Joe Levin (September 21, 1874
– March 20, 1954) who was a founder of the B'nai Abraham Synagogue. Rosa Levin Toubin attended Blinn College and Rice University and on June 26, 1925, she married Sam H. Toubin (August 25, 1892 – September 17, 1982) who "owned and operated the New York stores in nine towns in Texas". Concerning the Brenham community, in 1980 Rosa Levin "Mrs. Sam" Toubin wrote the texts, Colorful Brenham Community has history of over 120 years. and History of B'nai Abraham Synagogue.

Leon Toubin, a Jewish Texan community and business leader, is the present caretaker of B'nai Abraham Synagogue and the spokesperson for the community. In the text Lone Stars of David: The Jews of Texas, Leon Toubin discusses the history of the Brenham community.  He states that the synagogue has "holy scriptures and everything ... [the] only thing we need is Jewish people." In the text, Growing Up Jewish in America: An Oral History,
Toubin discusses the descendants of the Brenham community and states that at one time they, "were probably all Jewish once, but we're Lutheran now".

Toubin tells a similar story for the PBS special one-hour documentary, At Home on the Range: Jewish Life in Texas. This story concerns former Washington County Sheriff Goldberg. Toubin states that, "The sheriff we had here was named Goldberg. I got a call from a Goldberg in Houston. He said: 'Leon, I want to ask you a question. There's a sheriff in Brenham named Goldberg, is he Jewish?' So I stopped him on the street one day and said: 'Sheriff I want to ask you a question. Are you Jewish?' The sheriff said: 'Leon, I was probably Jewish. But the family came here and there weren't any Jewish girls to marry. Everyone intermarried and I'm Lutheran today. But I was probably Jewish at one time."

Brenham State School
The Jewish residents of the Brenham State School have a history of celebrating Jewish holidays. The Houston Chronicle reported that five Jewish residents from Brenham State School participated in Rosh Hashana with the Richmond State School in 2000. The Jewish residents of the Brenham State School also celebrated Passover with the Richmond State School in 2002.

On September 18, 2006, Congregation Beth El of Missouri City, Texas, participated in celebrating the High Holy Days with Jewish residents from both State Schools. These services were led by Rabbi Dovid Goldstein from the Chabad outreach in Houston.

American Jewish Congress v. Bost
American Jewish Congress v. Bost is an establishment clause lawsuit concerning the separation of church and state in Brenham, Texas. The case is the first constitutional challenge to a charitable choice contract. In the community of Brenham, the American Jewish Congress and the Texas Civil Rights Project filed a lawsuit against a social services program that they believed used a tax-funded jobs program to support religious practices that violated the separation of church and state. Other accusations include use of funds to proselytize, purchase bibles, and coerce participants to "accept Jesus".

On May 21, 2002, the Houston Chronicle reported that the case would be sent to federal district court. The lawsuit went back and forth between state and federal courts and was twice appealed. In January 2003, the lawsuit that is believed to be the first constitutional challenge to a "charitable choice" contract, came to a conclusion. The case was finally dismissed "on the ground that there was no live controversy".

Recognitions
The September 30, 2005, edition of USA Today listed the Brenham community as one of "10 great places to share history of the Jewish faith".

See also

 History of the Jews in the United States
 Jewish history in Texas
 Texas Jewish Historical Society

References

Further reading
Goldring/Woldenberg Institute of Southern Jewish Life. "Brenham." Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish Communities.
Kamin, Hortense Yarno. "Growing up in Brenham: Sharing, caring in a small close community", Jewish Herald-Voice 78th anniversary - Passover Edition, 1986, pp. 74–79.
Sell, Shawn. "10 great places to share history of the Jewish faith" USA Today, September 30, 2005
"Colorful Brenham Community has history of over 120 years", Rosa L. Toubin, Texas Jewish Post, 11 September 1980
"Why Save the Historic Brenham Synagogue?", Chronicles: A Publication of the Texas Jewish Historical Society, Vol. I, No. 1 (1994), pp. 33–39.

External links
Slideshow of Leon Toubin by the Austin American Statesman

Jewish
Brenham, Texas
Brenham, Texas

Brenham, Texas


text:
The 1981 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 57th season in the Victorian Football League and 80th overall.

Fixture

Premiership season

Ladder

References

Hawthorn Football Club seasons

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
L'Associació Valenciana de Meteorologia Josep Peinado (AVAMET) és una associació meteorològica sense ànim de lucre que té com a objectiu principal portar la meteorologia a tots els racons del País Valencià.

L'AVAMET va ser constituïda l'any 2011 amb el nom "Associació Valenciana d'Aficionats a la Meteorologia Josep Peinado", se li afegí el nom de "Josep Peinado" en honor del desaparegut aficionat valencià a la meteorologia que va faltar l'any 2010. El fet que ell volguera instaurar l'associació impulsà als diversos socis fundadors per a crear l'AVAMET.

Des d'aquell any, el nombre de socis ha anat augmentant a poc a poc passant dels 20 inicials fins als més de 500 socis actuals de totes les edats que integren l'associació, i les més de 600 estacions a temps real que formen la seva xarxa.

Objectius i activitats
Els principals objectius d'Avamet són:

 Fomentar l'afició a la meteorologia com a servei d'instrucció individual, de comunicació entre aficionats i estudis tècnics entre persones que s'interessen per aquesta ciència amb caràcter exclusivament personal i sense finalitat lucrativa.
 Col·laborar, dins de les possibilitats de l'Associació, amb les autoritats en matèria que es referisca a la meteorologia.
 Fomentar la unió i camaraderia entre els aficionats a la meteorologia, facilitant-los el seu mutu coneixement i estima.
 Estimular la investigació meteorològica en general.
 Representar als seus associats, i als aficionats en general que ho desitgen, davant de qualsevol altra entitat pública o privada i davant d'entitats estrangeres d'anàlogues finalitats, vetlant pels seus interessos.
 Prestar als seus associats tots els serveis relacionats amb la pràctica de l'afició a la meteorologia que s'establisquen.
 Col·laborar de forma altruista i solidària en la realització de projectes relacionats amb la meteorologia.

L'associació realitza les activitats següents:

 Reunions i encontres d'associats.
 Conferències i jornades divulgatives i educatives.
 Excursions i viatges a llocs d'interés per a l'Associació.
 Creació de bancs de dades climatològiques.
 Realització de concursos amb temàtica relacionada amb la meteorologia, la climatologia o el medi ambient.
 Instal·lacions d'estacions meteorològiques en punts d'interés per a l'Associació.
 Establiment de convenis de col·laboració amb altres associacions o entitats públiques o privades per a enriquir la base de coneixement de l'Associació.
 Qualsevol altre tipus d'activitat que complisca completament les finalitats de l'Article 4t.

Convenis i col·laboracions
AVAMET té signats convenis de col·laboració amb diverses associacions i entitats públiques i privades. Algunes d'aquestes entitats són:

 La Universitat de València (UV)
 L'Institut Cartogràfic Valencià
 La Fundació per a la Investigació del Clima (FIC)
 À Punt Mèdia
 L'Agència de Seguretat i Resposta a les Emergències
 La Universitat d'Alacant (UA)
 La Agència Valenciana de Turisme
 L'Institut Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries (IVIA)
 L'Institut d'Ecologia Litoral (IEL)
 Vaersa
 L'empresa meteorològica Inforatge
 Ajuntaments
 Instituts d'educació secundària

Referències

Enllaços externs
 Portal oficial de l'AVAMET
 Meteo Xarxa Online (MXO)
 Fòrum d'AVAMET
 Twitter d'AVAMET
 Instagram d'AVAMET

Organitzacions meteorològiques
Associacions del País Valencià


text:
Weefselkweek is een methode om planten te vermeerderen onder steriele condities, die vaak wordt gebruikt om klonen van een plant te produceren.

Weefselkweek is gebaseerd op het feit dat veel plantencellen de mogelijkheid hebben tot een hele plant uit te groeien (pluripotentie). Individuele cellen, cellen zonder celwand (protoplasten), gedeeltes van bladeren of minder vaak wortels kunnen worden gebruikt om nieuwe planten te genereren op voedingsbodems waaraan de vereiste nutriënten en plantenhormonen zijn toegevoegd.

Mogelijkheden
Weefselkweektechnieken kunnen voordelen hebben ten opzichte van conventionele vermeerderingstechnieken.
Het is mogelijk exacte kopieën van planten, die goede bloemen en vruchten produceren, of andere gewenste eigenschappen bezitten, te maken. De productie van volwassen planten gaat snel,  zaden en bestuivers zijn niet nodig. Uit genetisch gemodificeerde plantencellen hele planten vermeerderd worden. Als bij de productie van de planten gebruikt wordt gemaakt van steriele aarde is er een verminderde kans op het overbrengen van plantenziektes en plaaginsecten. Planten met een moeilijke ontkieming en verdere groei, zoals orchideeën en Nepenthes kunnen gemakkelijker gekweekt worden.
Door middel van weefselkweek kunnen gemakkelijker nieuwe cultivars worden vermeerderd zodat plantproducenten hun assortiment sneller kunnen aanpassen. In de land- en tuinbouw is het mogelijk besmetting met virusinfecties beter te voorkomen.

Technieken
Moderne weefselkweektechnieken worden uitgevoerd onder aseptische omstandigheden en met gefilterde lucht.. Levend plantenmateriaal van buiten is van nature besmet op de oppervlaktes en soms ook in de weefsels met micro-organismes, waardoor antisepsis van uitgangsmateriaal (explants) met chemische oplossingen een belangrijke eerste stap is. Explants worden daarna gewoonlijk geplaatst op het oppervlak van een vaste voedingsbodem, maar soms ook direct in een vloeibare voedingsbodem geplaatst, vooral wanneer celsuspensieculturen gewenst zijn. Vaste en vloeibare voedingsbodems bestaan over het algemeen uit anorganische zouten en een aantal organische nutriënten, vitamines en plantenhormonen. Vaste voedingsbodems worden bereid van vloeibare voedingsbodems met de toevoeging van een gelvormende stof als agar.

De samenstelling van de voedingsbodem, met name plantenhormonen en de stikstofbron (nitraat versus ammoniumzouten of aminozuren hebben diepgaande invloed op de morfologie van weefsels die zich ontwikkelen uit de oorspronkelijke explant. Bijvoorbeeld een overschot aan auxine zal vaak resulteren in een proliferatie van wortels, terwijl een overschot aan cytokinine groeischeuten zal opleveren. Een disbalans tussen auxine en cytokinine zal vaak leiden tot ongeorganiseerde groei van cellen of callus, maar de morfologie van de nieuwe groei zal afhangen van de plantensoort en de samenstelling van de voedingsbodem. De vaardigheid en de ervaring van de uitvoerder zijn belangrijk in de beoordeling welke soorten te vermeerderen en welke soorten uit te sluiten.

Als er nieuwe groeischeuten ontstaan in de weefselkweken, kunnen ze worden afgesneden en worden beworteld met behulp van auxine voor de productie van planten, die als ze volwassen zijn, kunnen worden verplaatst naar potgrond om verder te groeien in broeikassen als normale planten.

Sommige gekweekte weefsels zijn traag in hun groei. Voor hen zijn er twee mogelijkheden: (i) Het optimaliseren van het kweekmedium, (ii) het kweken van gezond en krachtig groeiende weefsels of variëteiten.
Necrose kan gekweekte weefsels bederven. Over het algemeen varieert necrose van weefselkweek in verschillende variëteiten planten. Necrose kan worden beheerd door het kweken van gezonde en krachtig groeiende variëteiten of weefsels.

Plantkunde
Weefselkweektechnieken worden veel gebruikt in de plantkunde. Ook zijn er een aantal commerciële toepassingen. Een aantal toepassingen zijn:
 Micropropagatie, dat wordt gebruikt voor de productie van grote aantallen identieke planten. Het wordt veel toegepast in de bosbouw en de sierteelt. Ook kan micropropagatie worden gebruikt in de natuurbescherming voor het kweken van bedreigde soorten.
Een plantenveredelaar kan weefselkweek gebruiken om cellen te screenen op eigenschappen als resistentie tegen herbicides.
Grootschalige kweek van plantencellen in vloeibare voedingsbodems in bioreactoren als een bron van secundaire producten als recombinant eiwitten met behulp van recombinant-DNA-technieken. Deze eiwitten kunnen onder andere worden gebruikt in de biofarmacie.
Om ver verwante soorten te kruisen door fusie van protoplasten en de opkweek van de nieuwe hybride.
Voor de kruisbestuiving van ver verwante soorten en vervolgens de toepassing van weefselkweek omdat het resulterende embryo anders zou afsterven.
Voor de productie van dihaploïde planten uit haploïde cellijnen om sneller homozygote cellijnen in kweekprogramma's te verkrijgen. Dit gebeurt meestal door behandeling met colchicine, wat verdubbeling van het aantal chromosomen veroorzaakt.
Als een weefsel voor transformatie, gevolgd door korte rusttijden van genetisch gemodificeerde planten of de opkweek van transgene planten.
Bepaalde technieken zoals de kweek van topmeristeem kunnen worden uitgevoerd om planten zonder virusbesmettingen te kweken zoals bij aardappels en veel soorten zachtfruit zoals aardbeien en bramen, maar ook bij perkplanten.

Laboratoria
Hoewel sommige kwekerijen beschikken over eigen laboratoria voor de vermeerdering van planten door middel van weefselkweek, zijn er een aantal onafhankelijke laboratoria die vermeerderingstechnieken aanbieden. De Plant Tissue Culture Information Exchange heeft een lijst van een aantal commerciële laboratoria die weefselkweek toepassen. Omdat weefselkweek een arbeidsintensieve bezigheid is, zijn niet alle planten geschikt om op commerciële basis in een laboratorium te vermeerderen. In de afgelopen jaren is er veel weefselkweek-werk verplaatst naar lage lonen landen, waardoor de planten voor een lagere prijs geproduceerd kunnen worden.

Literatuur
Er zijn weinig niet-technische boeken over het onderwerp, maar Plants from Test Tubes: Introduction to Micropropagation is gericht op de nieuwsgierige hobbyist of professionele kweker die zich wil gaan bezighouden met micropropagatie. Een praktisch boek over de micropropagatie van orchideeën is Micropropagation of Orchids van Joseph Arditti en Robert Ernst uitgegeven door John Wiley and Sons, .

Bronnen

Plantkunde
Ongeslachtelijke voortplanting


text:
Michael Halberstam is an American stage actor and director. He co-founded the Writers Theatre in Glencoe, Illinois, and served as its artistic director until 2021. He resigned after years of reported harassment and abuse from artists working at the theater.

Early career
Halberstam attended University of Illinois, where he had been granted admission to the actor training program. Shortly after graduation in 1986 he moved to Chicago where he was immediately drawn to classics, working almost exclusively on the works of William Shakespeare. He went on to join The Stratford Festival's Young Company in Ontario and spent two years performing in a number of plays including Timon of Athens, The Knight of the Burning Pestle (title role), Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, and Macbeth.

Writers Theatre
In 1992, Halberstam (Artistic Director) and Marilyn Campbell (Artistic Associate) founded Writers Theatre, now in its 30th Season. It has evolved into a sophisticated two-venue organization with award-winning productions, more than 5,000 subscribers and a $6.1 million operating budget.

In its history, Writers Theatre has offered more than 100 productions, including 23 world premieres. As a direct result of the consistent artistic quality of the work, the company has been recognized with numerous awards and accolades: 118 Joseph Jefferson Award nominations, including four nods for Best Production; nine Joseph Jefferson Awards and 12 After Dark Awards, as well as numerous citations to Halberstam for excellence and contributions to the field.

At Writers Theatre, Halberstam has directed Private Lives, Look Back in Anger, Candida, Fallen Angels, The Father, Rough Crossing, Crime and Punishment, Benefactors, The Doctor's Dilemma, The Seagull, The Duchess of Malfi, Othello, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, She Loves Me, The Real Thing, Hamlet, Sweet Charity, Days Like Today, Isaac's Eye, and Arcadia. Michael has also co-directed Death of a Streetcar Named Virginia Woolf: A Parody with Stuart Carden and Julius Caesar with Scott Parkinson.  He also appeared as an actor in the Writers Theatre productions of Richard II, Misalliance, and Into the Woods.

Writers Theatre has no human resources department. During his tenure, Halberstam used this to his advantage, often joking about calling HR after he said or did something inappropriate, knowing that his victim had no recourse.

Reports of harassment, abuse, and subsequent Resignation
In 2017, Michael Halberstam was accused on Twitter of sexually harassing an assistant director at Writers Theatre in 2003. An HR lawyer was hired by the board of directors who in turn hired an independent consultant to investigate the claims. As a result of the investigation the board reported that Halberstam "has made inappropriate and insensitive comments in the workplace but the investigation did not support a finding of other inappropriate sexual behavior" and recommended compliance training for Halberstam.

During the investigation, he maintained his position of power, continuing to direct the theater's mainstage production of The Importance of Being Earnest. Industry publication PerformInk reported, "from off-hand sexual comments to egregious propositions, the environment at Writers is one that is often described as sexually-charged, led by the otherwise well-respected co-founder of the 25-year-old company."

He resigned from the theater in 2021 after continued reports of harassment and abuse.

A Minister's Wife
In 2005 Halberstam asked composer Joshua Schmidt to compose incidental music for a production of George Bernard Shaw's Candida he was directing at the time. Halberstam was inspired by Schmidt's compositions to commission a full musical adaptation of the play. The composer was soon joined by lyricist Jan Tranen and bookwriter Austin Pendleton, who both subtly added to and reworked Shaw's immaculately conceived text. A Minister's Wife was the result of all four individuals' collaboration and premiered at Writers Theatre in May 2009 under Halberstam's direction and designed by Brian Sidney Bembridge.

Following its success at Writers Theatre, the new musical was brought to New York City, where Halberstam once again directed the show as part of Lincoln Center Theater's 2010/11 Season and San Jose Repertory Theatre's 2012/13 season.

Opera
He has directed the operas Francesca da Ramini with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, The Rape of Lucretia with the Chicago Opera Theater, and Le Freyschutz in its North American premiere at the Ravinia Festival.

Recognition
He has received awards from The Chicago Drama League, The Arts & Business Council, and the Chicago Lawyers for the Creative Arts. He received the 2010 Zelda Fichandler Award from the Stage Directors and Choreographers Society, which recognizes an outstanding director or choreographer who is transforming the regional arts landscape through singular creativity and artistry in theatre. In 2013 he received the Artistic Achievement Award from the League of Chicago Theatres and was named "Chicagoan of the Year" for Theater by the Chicago Tribune. In 2016 he received an Award of Honor from the Illinois Theatre Association.

He has also shown support and recognition for Brando Crawford of Acting for a Cause.

References

Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
American educators
American male stage actors
American theatre directors
Living people


text:
Splish Splash é o segundo álbum de estúdio do cantor e compositor Roberto Carlos, lançado em novembro de 1963.

Álbum
"Splish Splash" mostra uma sensível diferença no repertório de Roberto, da bossa nova e da música romântica para o rock and roll. Roberto resolveu apostar neste gênero pouco difundido no Brasil do início dos anos sessenta. A opção pelo rock impulsionou a carreira do cantor, que atingiu o topo das paradas brasileiras. A faixa-título, gravada originalmente pelo norte-americano Bobby Darin e com versão de Erasmo Carlos, fez grande sucesso no país. Outro grande hit do LP foi "Parei Na Contramão", canção da parceria com Erasmo. Outro sucesso do disco foi "Oração de Um Triste", de José Messias, a primeira canção religiosa de Roberto Carlos.

Acompanhamento da Orquestra sob a direção de Astor, excepto faixa 3 (com Renato e Seus Blue Caps) e faixas 1, 5 e 9 (com The Angels). Produzido por Evandro Ribeiro.

Técnico de gravação: Reynaldo. Edição Original em LP CBS 37.304 (Novembro 1963)
Reedição 2004, remasterizada por Ricardo Garcia.

Faixas
"Parei Na Contra Mão"  (Roberto Carlos - Erasmo Carlos)
"Quero Me Casar Contigo"  (Carlos Alberto - Adilson Silva - Claudio Moreno)
"Splish Splash"  (Bobby Darin - Murray Kaufman - versão: Erasmo Carlos)
"Só Por Amor"  (Luiz Ayrão)
"Na Lua Não Há"   (Helena dos Santos)
"É Preciso Ser Assim"   (Roberto Carlos - Erasmo Carlos)
"Onde Anda O Meu Amor" (Hélio Justo - Erly Muniz)
"Nunca Mais Te Deixarei"   (Paulo Roberto - Jovenil Santos)
"Professor De Amor" (I Gotta Know)  (Matt Williams - Paul Evans - versão: Marcos Moran)
"Baby, Meu Bem"   (Hélio Justo - Titto Santos)
"Oração De Um Triste"   (José Messias)
"Relembrando Malena"  (Rossini Pinto)

Créditos
 The Angels (The Youngsters) nas faixas 1, 5, 8 e 9
 Renato e Seus Blue Caps na faixa 3 (Splish Splash) (single acrescentado)
 Orquestra e Coro sob a direção de Astor em diversas faixas
 Astor L.: produtor
 Reynaldo Barriga: técnico de gravação
 Gravado em setembro de 1963, exceto 3 e 10, de um compacto simples de março do mesmo ano

Splish Splash (1963)
Splish Splash


text:
Улица Плеще́ева — улица на севере Москвы в районе Бибирево Северо-Восточного административного округа, между Бибиревской улицей и улицей Лескова. Названа в 1974 году в честь поэта и петрашевца Алексея Николаевича Плещеева (1825—1893).

Расположение
Улица Плещеева проходит с юго-запада на северо-восток параллельно пойме реки Чермянка. Начинается как продолжение Бибиревской улицы у станции метро Бибирево, пересекает улицу Пришвина и заканчивается на улице Лескова напротив улицы Корнейчука.

Транспорт

На улице ещё с советского времени действует противошёрстная выделенная полоса для общественного транспорта по направлению к станции метро Бибирево.

Для остального транспорта организовано одностороннее движение в направлении от станции метро Бибирево.

Автобусы
 278 Осташковская улица —   —   — Станция МЦД Бескудниково
 290 Улица Корнейчука —
 771 Абрамцевская улица —   — Северодвинская улица

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт управы Бибирево

 Схема улицы

Улицы Москвы, появившиеся в 1974 году


text:
Вервище — деревня в Духовщинском районе Смоленской области России. Входит в состав Пречистенского сельского поселения. Население — 1 житель (2007 год).

Расположена в северной части области в 40 км к северу от Духовщины, в 4 км западнее автодороги  Смоленск — Нелидово. В 59 км юго-восточнее деревни расположена железнодорожная станция Ярцево на линии Москва — Минск.

История
В годы Великой Отечественной войны деревня была оккупирована гитлеровскими войсками в июле 1941 года, освобождена в сентябре 1943 года.

Примечания

Населённые пункты Духовщинского района


text:
Het seizoen 1965/66 van de Beker van België in het voetbal begon in de zomer van 1965 en eindigde op 8 juni 1966 met de finale in het Heizelstadion. De zege ging voor de tweede keer naar Standard Club Liégeois. De Luikse club versloeg in de finale rivaal RSC Anderlecht. Het was de tweede keer op rij dat beide clubs in de finale tegenover elkaar stonden.

Laatste 16
Dit schema toont het wedstrijdschema vanaf de 1/8e finale.

Finale

Beker van België naar seizoen
Bekervoetbal 1965/66


text:
Borys Lusin (ur.  k. Sum, zm. 1977) – generał major Armii Czerwonej służący w LWP.

Absolwent Szkoły Dowódców Broni Pancernej, dowódca plutonu czołgów, potem batalionu. Szef sztabu brygady czołgów. Podczas wojny sowiecko-niemieckiej 1941-1944 walczył na Froncie Białoruskim. Od 25 kwietnia 1944 pułkownik, po wojnie zastępca szefa sztabu Broni Pancernej w Północnej Grupie Wojsk Armii Czerwonej w Niemczech, w 1949 ukończył akademickie kursy broni pancernej w Moskwie i został szefem sztabu dywizji pancernej. 30 grudnia 1950 skierowany do służby w Wojsku Polskim na stanowisku szefa wydziału operacyjnego Dowództwa Wojsk Pancernych WP. Od 28 października 1953 szef sztabu Dowództwa Wojsk Pancernych i Zmechanizowanych WP. W sierpniu 1956 mianowany generałem majorem wojsk pancernych. W listopadzie 1956 zakończył służbę w WP i wyjechał do ZSRR.

Odznaczenia
 Order Virtuti Militari V klasy
 Krzyż Oficerski Orderu Odrodzenia Polski (1956)
 Brązowy Medal "Siły Zbrojne w Służbie Ojczyzny" (1956)
 Order Czerwonego Sztandaru (dwukrotnie)
 Order Czerwonej Gwiazdy (dwukrotnie)
 Order Wojny Ojczyźnianej II stopnia
 Order Kutuzowa II stopnia
 Order Bohdana Chmielnickiego II stopnia
 Medal Za Zasługi Bojowe

Bibliografia
 Janusz Królikowski, Generałowie i admirałowie Wojska Polskiego 1943-1990 t. II: I-M, Toruń 2010, s. 383-384.

Cudzoziemcy odznaczeni Krzyżem Oficerskim Orderu Odrodzenia Polski (1944–1989)
Cudzoziemcy odznaczeni Krzyżem Srebrnym Orderu Virtuti Militari (Polska Ludowa)
Generałowie majorowie Sił Zbrojnych ZSRR
Odznaczeni Brązowym Medalem "Siły Zbrojne w Służbie Ojczyzny"
Odznaczeni Medalem Za Zasługi Bojowe
Odznaczeni Orderem Czerwonego Sztandaru
Odznaczeni Orderem Czerwonej Gwiazdy
Odznaczeni Orderem Kutuzowa
Odznaczeni Orderem Wojny Ojczyźnianej II klasy
Radzieccy dowódcy batalionów w II wojnie światowej
Radzieccy oficerowie w ludowym Wojsku Polskim
Urodzeni w 1913
Zmarli w 1977


text:
Praealticus oortii is a species of combtooth blenny found in the eastern Indian Ocean from the Andaman Sea to Timor in the western Pacific. The identity of the person honoured by the specific name of this blenny was not specified but it is thought to be most likely to be the draftsman and illustrator Peter van Oort (1804-1834), who, as part of the Physics Commission for the Dutch East Indies, explored Java which is the type locality of this species.

References

oortii
Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker
Fish described in 1851


text:
Julia é uma telenovela venezuelana exibida em 1983 pela Venevisión.

Elenco

 Hilda Carrero - Julia
 Eduardo Serrano - Eduardo
 Miriam Ochoa - Julia/ Daniela
 Tony Rodríguez - Benjamín
 Eva Blanco - Latoña
 Fernando Flores
 Julio Jung
 Elena Farías
 Reneé de Pallás
 Manuel Escolano
 Mariela Alcalá

Telenovelas da Venezuela
Telenovelas da Venevisión
Programas de televisão da Venezuela que estrearam em 1983
Programas de televisão da Venezuela encerrados em 1983
Telenovelas da década de 1980
Telenovelas em espanhol


text:
The Amuca tribe () is one of the nomadic Yörüks who belong to the Oghuz Turks tribes  of the Ottoman Empire, which moved from Anatolia to the Balkans. At the end of 14th century, the tribe established a settled life in Ottoman Thrace. The first village they founded, was Keşirlik, located in the Mahya Dağı.

Today some of the Amuca tribe live in Kırklareli Province.

References

History of the Turkish people
Oghuz Turks
Turkic peoples of Europe


text:
Periperidium acicola är en svampart som beskrevs av Darker 1963. Periperidium acicola ingår i släktet Periperidium och familjen Helotiaceae.   Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Disksvampar
acicola


text:
Страшимир Иванов Дочков е български революционер, одрински деец на Вътрешната македоно-одринска революционна организация.

Биография
Дочков е роден в 1873 година в Цариград в семейството на Иван Дочков и Анна Десимирова. Брат му Атила Дочков работи дълги години в Българската екзархия в Цариград. Баща му Иван Дочков е от Бургас и е един от известните българи в столицата на Османската империя. Под редакцията на Петко Славейков той издава сатиричния вестник "Гайда", а след това и вестник "Право". Подир Освобождението Славейков кани Дочков в Сливен, където той е губернаторски чиновник. Двамата издават вестник "Българско знаме". Страшимир учи първоначално в сливенската прогимназия. Пети клас завършва в Бургас, след което продължава образованието си в Пловдив. На 17-годишна възраст той заминава за Солун. В 1895 година завършва с десетия випуск Солунската българска мъжка гимназия. Отива да следва естествени науки в Одеса, но заради участие в студентски социалистически кръжок е изгонен. Завърнал се в България, Страшимир Дочков е назначен за учител в Чирпан. Твърде скоро след пристигането му той се сдружава с поета Пейо Яворов.

През 1898 г. с помощта на брат му и заможни цариградски българи Страшимир Дочков отива в Женева, където се записва студент по медицина. По-късно се прехвърля в университета в Берлин. През 1905 г. Дочков се дипломира като хирург, защитава дисертация и получава титлата доктор на медицинските науки, като същата година започва работа като лекар в Битоля, но на следната се мести в Одрин, където остава до 1912 година, когато се мести в Цариград. Работи и в Софлу. Влиза във ВМОРО и на IV конгрес на Одринския революционен окръг в 1908 година е избран за член на окръжния комитет. По време на Балканската война е военен лекар. В хода на Първата световна война е произведен в чин майор. От 1919 до 1920 г. е във Върховния административен съвет на Западна Тракия.

В 1920 година е делегат на конгреса на Българо-турската революционна организация в село Химитли, Гюмюрджинско, и е избран за министър на Автономна Западна Тракия (1920-1923). По време на събитията в Тракия лекарят се жени за Елена Фотева, дъщеря на свиленградския търговец Васил Фотев. В Одрин се раждат двете им деца Живко и Васил. През 1925 г. младото семейство се премества в Свиленград. Предлагат на Дочков катедра в медицинския факултет при Софийския университет, но той отклонява предложението. Заселва се и работи в Свиленград. Дочков се отдава на медицината и посвещава своите знания и опит за подобряване здравето на местните жители, като развива широка обществена дейност. Страшимир Дочков умира внезапно от менингит през 1936 г. Негови спомени, снимки и документи се пазят в централен държавен архив – ф. 1829к, 1 опис, 62 а.е.

В годината на смъртта му се създава общоградски инициативен комитет със задача да се издигне паметник на д-р Страшимир Дочков в знак на благодарност за това, което е направил за хората. Монументът е поставен на видно място в градската градина. След преврата на 9 септември 1944 г. паметникът на д-р Дочков е унищожен.

Бележки

Дейци на ВМОРО
Български революционери от Тракия
Десети випуск на Солунската българска мъжка гимназия
Български лекари
Родени в Истанбул
Починали в Пловдив
Починали от менингит
Български военни дейци от Първата световна война
Български майори
Български военни дейци от Балканските войни


text:
Rafael Haider (* 25. März 1991 in Hall in Tirol) ist ein österreichischer Schauspieler und Musiker.

Leben
Rafael Haider wurde als Sohn des Musikers Siggi Haider (* 1957) geboren und wuchs in Axams in Tirol auf. Von seinem Vater lernte er das Akkordeonspiel. Von 2000 bis 2008 erhielt er Schauspielunterricht am Tiroler Landestheater Innsbruck bei Kurt Weinzierl, Tobias Moretti und Bettina Redlich. 2012/13 besuchte er am Tiroler Landeskonservatorium den Lehrgang Jazz und improvisierte Musik.

Ab 2000 war er in verschiedenen Kinderrollen am Tiroler Landestheater zu sehen, 2003 stand er erstmals bei den Tiroler Volksschauspielen in Telfs auf der Bühne. Ebenfalls 2003 war er neben Kurt Weinzierl und Pepi Pittl im ORF-Hörspiel Die Beichte von Felix Mitterer zu hören, das Hörspiel wurde 2003 mit dem ORF Hörspielpreis und 2004 mit dem Prix Italia ausgezeichnet. Die Musik dazu stammte von seinem Vater Siggi. 2008 spielte er am Tiroler Landestheater in The King and I die Rolle des Louis, 2009 verkörperte er den Siegfried in Die Nibelungen. 2014 stand er im Käfig voller Narren als Laurent bei den Tiroler Volksschauspielen Telfs auf der Bühne.

In Tatort: Sternschnuppe hatte er 2016 eine Hauptrolle und schrieb auch gemeinsam mit seinem Vater den Song Gone der im Film zu hören ist. In der Uraufführung des Jukebox-Musicals Santa Maria mit Liedern von Roland Kaiser im Wiener MuseumsQuartier verkörperte er im Juli 2017 die Rolle des Pepe, ebenso bei der Deutschland-Premiere im Deutschen Theater München im Oktober 2017. Im März 2019 feierte er am Renaissancetheater des Wiener Theaters der Jugend als Nicholas in Die Mitte der Welt Premiere.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 2000: Tatort: Böses Blut
 2002: Andreas Hofer – Die Freiheit des Adlers
 2004: Die Heilerin (Fernsehfilm)
 2006: Da wo das Glück beginnt (Fernsehfilm)
 2006: Medicopter 117 – Jedes Leben zählt – Eisiges Gefängnis
 2006: Da wo es noch Treue gibt (Fernsehfilm)
 2007: Da wo die Freundschaft zählt (Fernsehfilm)
 2007: Die Lawine (Fernsehfilm)
 2009: Der Bergdoktor – Kinder (als Raffael Haider)
 2010: Das zweite Wunder von Loch Ness
 2012: Nur eine Nacht (Fernsehfilm)
 2016: Tatort: Sternschnuppe
 2017: SOKO Donau – Natalies Schweigen
 2017: WaPo Bodensee – Ausgerudert
 2017: Schnell ermittelt – Folgen Simon Gehbauer und Traian Voronin
 2017: SOKO Kitzbühel – Sport ist Mord
 2020: Vier Frauen und ein Todesfall – Schlafpatrone

Hörspiele (Auswahl)
 2003: Die Beichte, ORF-Landesstudio Tirol, Regie: Martin Sailer
 2007: Käsebrot mit Butter und Gurke, ORF
 2009: Auszeit, ORF-Landesstudio Tirol, Regie: Martin Sailer
 2014: In weiter Ferne geboren, ORF-Landesstudio Tirol, Regie: Martin Sailer

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website

 Rafael Haider Agenturprofil

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Theaterschauspieler
Österreicher
Geboren 1991
Mann


text:
Bollmannia litura är en fiskart som beskrevs av Ginsburg, 1935. Bollmannia litura ingår i släktet Bollmannia och familjen smörbultsfiskar. Inga underarter finns listade.

Källor

Smörbultsfiskar
litura


text:
La Coupe de la ligue sénégalaise de football 2010 est la  de la Coupe de la Ligue sénégalaise de football, organisée par la ligue sénégalaise de football professionnel.

Premier Tour

Huitièmes de finale

Quarts de finale

Demi-finales

Finale

Résultat

Lien externe
 RSSSF.com

Coupe de la Ligue sénégalaise de football
Football en 2010
2010 au Sénégal


text:
John Russell (25 December 1821 – 24 December 1896) was an Irish-American industrialist active in the development of Ashland, Kentucky, and the founding of Russell, Kentucky, which was named in his honor.

History
John Russell was born near Derry, Ireland, and immigrated to the United States with his family in 1830. His father, also named John Russell, was a farmer and settled in Tyler County, Virginia (now West Virginia). At 16, Russell left for Wheeling, where he clerked at a hardware store for five years.

In 1850, he moved to Kentucky to serve as bookkeeper for the Amanda Furnace in Greenup County for $400 a year.  After two years, he was given a quarter interest in the concern and his salary increased to $1000 a year. Upon the 1855 death of the senior partner, Archibald Paull of Wheeling, he bought an eighth interest in the Belle Fonta Furnace and formed a partnership with its owners, Thomas and Hugh Means. As president of the Means and Russell Iron Company, he purchased the land of the former Amanda Furnace and, in 1869, platted out a new city named "Riverview" along the expected route of a new C&O Railroad spur between Huntington, West Virginia, and Cincinnati, Ohio.

This town was renamed "Russell" in his honor in 1873. He subsequently served as president of the Catlettsburg National Bank, the Means & Russell Iron Co. in Russell, the St. Clair Coke Works (in Fayette County, West Virginia), and the Norton Iron Works in Ashland.

John Russell married Anna Mead in 1856 and sired five children: Mollie, Helen Virginia, John III, Emma Clancy, and Charles.

References

People from Ashland, Kentucky
1896 deaths
1821 births


text:
Ekstraklasa je nejvyšší polskou fotbalovou ligovou soutěží, která se hraje od roku 1927. V letech 1920–1926 bylo pořádáno Mistrovství Polska, v nichž byl nejúspěšnější tým Pogoń Lwów se čtyřmi tituly.

Nejlepší kluby v historii - podle počtu titulů

Přehled vítězů dle roků
Zdroj:

 Ročník 1920 nedohrán kvůli polsko-sovětské válce
 Ročník 1939 nedohrán kvůli 2. světové válce
 v letech 1920–1926 a 1946–1947 se nehrálo ligovým systémem

Odkazy

Reference

Související články
 Puchar Ekstraklasy
 Polský fotbalový pohár
 Polský Superpohár

Externí odkazy

 Oficiální stránky I (ekstraklasa.org)
 Oficiální stránky II (90minut.pl)

Polské fotbalové soutěže
Fotbalové ligové soutěže


text:
Steve "Chippa" Lekoelea (born 5 February 1979 in Sebokeng, Gauteng as Steve Motsiri) is a South African football (soccer) midfielder who played for Premier Soccer League clubs Moroka Swallows, Orlando Pirates and South Africa.

Career
He was 15 years, 257 days old when he debuted for Moroka Swallows in 1994, and became the league's youngest scorer, aged 16 years, 7 days, when he scored against Umtata Bush Bucks on 12 February 1995. Lekoelea was playing under the name of Steve Motsiri at the time.

Lekoelea first appeared for the senior South Africa national football team as a teen.

Previous clubs: Maritzburg United, Orlando Pirates, Moroka Swallows, Mbabane Highlanders
Bafana Bafana caps won: 10

References

External links

1979 births
Living people
People from Sebokeng
South African Sotho people
South African soccer players
South Africa international soccer players
Association football midfielders
Moroka Swallows F.C. players
Orlando Pirates F.C. players
Platinum Stars F.C. players
Maritzburg United F.C. players
Footballers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic soccer players of South Africa
2000 African Cup of Nations players
Sportspeople from Gauteng


text:
Салустиано Санчес (; 8 июня 1901, Эль-Техадо — 13 сентября 2013, Нью-Йорк) — являлся старейшим верифицированным живущим в мире мужчиной после смерти 116-летнего японца Дзироэмона Кимуры 12 июня 2013 года. Санчес родился в Испании, подростком эмигрировал на Кубу, а потом и в США, где прожил долгую жизнь до самой своей смерти. С момента смерти Кимуры 12 июня 2013 года до верификации Санчеса 25 июля 2013 года самыми пожилыми верифицированными мужчинами в мире ошибочно считались Джеймс Маккубри, Дзёкити Игараси и Артуро Ликата. Причем последний действительно являлся старейшим живущим мужчиной планеты, но уже после смерти Салустиано, а именно с 13 сентября 2013 года. Также Артуро Ликата является последним живым мужчиной, рожденным в 1902 году.

Биография
Салустиано Санчес родился 8 июня 1901 года в семье Балдомеры Бласкес и Серафима Санчеса в деревне Эль-Техадо, в провинции Саламанка, Испания. Он рос одаренным ребенком. В юности все окружающие восхищались его игрой на духовых музыкальных инструментах, на которых он отлично играл на деревенских праздниках и свадьбах, чтобы заработать деньги. В возрасте 10 лет Санчес пошел в школу, там получил начальное образование. Он эмигрировал на Кубу в возрасте 17 лет, к его старшему брату Педро и с его друзьям. Сначала он работал на плантациях, собирая сахарный тростник. А в августе 1920 года Санчес иммигрировал в США, где устроился на работу в угольные шахты Lynch, штат Кентукки. Он познакомился со своей будущей женой Перл Эмили на похоронах общего знакомого в Пенсильвании. Они поженились в 1934 году. В браке у них родились двое детей, сын Джон, и дочь Ирен. У супругов Санчесов была большая семья: двое детей, семь внуков, пятнадцать правнуков и пять пра-правнуков. Перл умерла в 1988 году, после чего Санчес жил в семье дочери Ирены, затем в 2007 году он переехал в дом престарелых. В последние годы Санчес жил в Гранд-Айленд, Нью-Йорк, недалеко от Ниагарского водопада.
Его хобби на протяжении многих лет было садоводство, а также разгадывание кроссвордов.

Салустиано Санчес скончался 13 сентября 2013 года в возрасте 112 лет и 97 дней, и до настоящего времени является старейшим верифицированным мужчиной-долгожителем, родившимся в 1901-м году.

С 3 сентября 2013 года по 13 мая 2015 года являлся 27-м старейшим верифицированным мужчиной в мире.

См. также
 Список старейших мужчин

Примечания

Ссылки
 Салустиано Санчес // Gerontology Research Group
 Умер самый старый мужчина в мире

Стодесятилетние долгожители США
Шахтёры
Фермеры


text:
Stethaprioninae es una subfamilia de peces de agua dulce de la familia Characidae. Se encuentra subdividida en 6 géneros. Algunas de sus especies son denominadas comúnmente con el nombre de monjitas negras, tetras negros o tetras discos. Habitan en lagunas, arroyos, y ríos en regiones templado-cálidas y cálidas del norte y centro de América del Sur, desde Colombia hasta el nordeste de la Argentina.

Características

Los integrantes de la subfamilia Stethaprioninae son peces de agua dulce con un cuerpo alto y en forma de disco. Son pequeños, pues la mayor especie ronda los 9 cm de largo. El radio anterior de la aleta dorsal se encuentra semihundido, y se presenta como una minúscula punta. La base de la aleta caudal es escamosa. La línea lateral está completamente desarrollada. La dentición es similar a la de la subfamilia Tetragonopterinae. Los machos sexualmente maduros tienen un gancho pequeño, hacia adelante y que mira hacia atrás, en el extremo  de la aleta anal.

Taxonomía

Esta subfamilia fue descrita originalmente en el año 1907 por el ictiólogo estadounidense Carl H. Eigenmann.

 Géneros
Esta subfamilia se subdivide en 6 géneros y 16 especies:
 Brachychalcinus Boulenger, 1892
 Gymnocorymbus Eigenmann, 1908
 Orthospinus Reis, 1989
 Poptella Eigenmann, 1908
 Stethaprion Cope, 1870
 Stichonodon Eigenmann, 1903

Referencias

Enlaces externos


text:
Martin Welz is a South African journalist and the editor of Noseweek magazine. He is best known for his investigative work on controversial issues including government and corporate corruption.

Early life
Martin Sylvester Welz was born on 19 October 1945 in Worcester, Western Cape, South Africa. He was the fourth son of artist Jean Welz, born in Salzburg, Austria 1900. His mother is Inger Marie Welz (née Christensen), born in Odense, Denmark, in 1908.

Career

Sunday Times
A report by Welz while he was working for the Sunday Times from 1977–1981 saw an R180-million defamation claim instituted against himself and the paper by Lebanese businessman Salim el Hajj. El Hajj had been accused by Welz of a series of frauds in the then-black "homelands". El Hajj fled the country before the case got to court. Welz also worked on South Africa's "Muldergate" Information scandal and helped expose wrongdoing by apartheid-era cabinet ministers, inter alia revealing that both Minister of Manpower and Energy Fanie Botha and State President Nico Diederichs was secretly bankrupt while in office. In 1981–82, Welz was appointed Parliamentary correspondent for Sunday Express, Johannesburg. While at the Express, he won the Stellenbosch farmers' Winery Award (1983) for a series exposing the corrupt pharmaceutical empire established by businessmen Isaac Kay and David Tabatznik.

Noseweek
Noseweek was founded in Cape Town, South Africa, in June 1993.  It contains a minimal amount of advertising and has survived and grown mainly on its sales.

Lawsuits

Dr. Robert Milton Hall
The first lawsuit against the magazine was brought in 1994 by Dr. Robert Milton Hall, an American tax refugee and millionaire dentist living in Stellenbosch, Western Cape. The trial was in 1996 in the Cape High Court before Judge Johann Conradie.  Noseweek had, inter alia, pointed out Dr. Hall's fraudulent claims to be the "inventor of modern-day dentistry", and his ongoing foreign exchange and tax contraventions.

The magazine was represented by an attorney and advocates and Welz represented himself.  Noseweek and Welz won the case.  Judge Johann Conradie presided and in his judgment found that Dr. Hall, "... sued not to salvage his reputation but to sustain a colossal fraud."  This litigation put the magazine on ice for approximately two years and nearly bankrupted it. It was relaunched thanks to the voluntary contributions of scores of its loyal readers.

FirstRand Bank
In 2007 Welz represented himself in a court action brought by the FirstRand group to prevent Noseweek from publishing a list of FirstRand clients allegedly involved in a dubious offshore investment scheme. The action was dismissed with costs.

Inge Peacock
Cape Town businesswoman, Inge Peacock, sued Noseweek and Martin Welz in March 2012. Judge Andre Le Grange of the Cape High Court dismissed Peacock's case with costs, but stated that the plaintiff may pursue damages for defamation against Noseweek.  The resulting publicity created a "Streisand effect" after the mainstream press picked up the story.

Weapons whistleblower
In 2008 Welz reported that a ship due to dock in Durban harbour carried a shipment of Chinese weapons bound for Zimbabwe.
News of the $1.245 million, 77-ton shipment came via what Welz described as "a whistleblower of conscience," who supplied Noseweek with a commercial invoice, bill of lading and packing list for the shipment.

Awards
 South African Union of Journalists Thomas Pringle Award for Press Freedom.
 Special mention, 2002 Nat Nakasa Award for Media Integrity & Courageous Journalism.
 Joint business category winner, 2004 Mondi Paper Magazine Awards.
 Honorary award for promoting corporate governance through investigative journalism, 2007 Sanlam Financial Journalist of the Year competition.

References

Living people
1945 births
South African journalists
South African editors
South African magazine editors
People from Worcester, South Africa


text:
El Adversario es un personaje ficticio, un supervillano demoníaco en el universo de Marvel Comics.

Publicación
El Adversario apareció por primera vez en Uncanny X-Men #187-188 (noviembre-diciembre de 1984) y fue creado por Chris Claremont y John Romita, Jr..

El personaje aparece en Uncanny X-Men #220-227 (agosto de 1987-marzo de 1988), Wolverine #86 (octubre de 1994), y X-Factor #118-121 (enero-abril de 1996).

Biografía
El Adversario es un demonio quién fue convocado por el miembro de X-Men Forja hacia varias décadas y desde entonces ha regresado para antagonizar a los X-Men y amenazar a todo el mundo.

Durante la Guerra de Vietnam, el mutante americano nativo conocido como Forge vio a su compañía ser asesinada por los vietnamitas del Norte. Forja aprovechó estar deprimido para invocar al Adversario para destruir los atacantes, pero luego volvió a sus sentidos y desterró al demonio.

Años después, el mentor de Froje, Nazé fue asesinado y su forma y recuerdos fueron robados por un Dire Wraith, un parásito alienígena. El impostor Nazé convocó al Adversario, sólo para ser destruido por el demonio. El Adversario luego fue capaz de escapar la dimensión en la que estaba atado, capturando a Forje y su aliada, Tormenta de los X-Men, y encarcelándolos en otro mundo con Roma.

El Adversario luego viajó a Dallas, Texas, y se enfrentó con X-Men y Freedom Force durante la "Caída de los Mutantes". En última instancia, la única manera de desterrar permanentemente al Adversario era por nueve almas dispuestas a sacrificarse en un hechizo mágico. Los X-Men se pusieron de acuerdo, y Forje lanzó el hechizo. Los X-Men murieron, pero Roma en secreto regresó a la vida.

El Adversario luego regresó a la Tierra, al nacer físicamente en Tierra como el hijo del mutante Haven, pero fue nuevamente expulsado por Forje, quién al momento se encontraba afiliado con X-Factor.

Durante la historia de Fear Itself, Adversary asiste a la Defensa del Diablo para hablar sobre las acciones de la Serpiente en la Tierra.

El Adversario posee a Forge en Cable y X-Force - Volumen 4, pero está atrapado en una prisión mental dentro de la subconsciencia del Dr. Nemesis.

Poderes y habilidades
El Adversario es un demonio poderoso del primer orden y posee poderes sobrenaturales. Es esencialmente invencible a cualquier cosa pero el más poderoso es la magia y el hierro. Tiene una fuerza sobrehumana y resistencia, que, siendo mágico en la naturaleza, tiene un alto potencial.

Puede entrar y dejar diferentes planos de existencia y dimensiones a voluntad y tiene poderes de deformación de realidad. También puede convocar a demonios y otras criaturas sobrenaturales.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Adversary en Marvel.com
 Adversary en Marvel Wiki
 Adversary en Comic Vine

Villanos de Marvel Comics
Personajes creados por Chris Claremont
Demonios de Marvel Comics
Personajes de Marvel Comics que usan magia
Personajes creados por John Romita, Jr.
Personajes de Marvel Comics con fuerza sobrehumana
Personajes de Marvel Comics que pueden moverse a velocidades sobrehumanas

en:List of Marvel Comics characters: A#Adversary
it:Avversario


text:
Sljedeća tri dana () američki je filmski triler iz 2010. godine, scenariste i režisera Pola Hagisa. Glavne uloge igraju Rasel Krou i Elizabet Benks. Premijerno je objavljen u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama 19. novembra 2010. godine, a sniman je na lokacijama u Pitsburgu. Predstavlja rimejk francuskog filma -{Pour elle}- iz 2008. godine, autora Freda Kavajea i Gijoma Lemana.

Radnja

Lara Brenan (Elizabet Benks) pogrešno je osuđena za ubistvo svog šefa i izrečena joj je kazna doživotnog zatvora. Njen mali sin Luk prestaje da je poznaje tokom posjeta u zatvoru. Nakon neuspješne žalbe, advokat oklijeva po pitanju oslobađajuće presude. Lara se pokuša ubiti, a njen muž — nastavnik Džon (Rasel Krou) — postaje opsjednut da je izbavi iz zatvora.

Džon se savjetuje s Dejmonom Peningtonom (Lijam Nison), bivšim osuđenikom koji je napisao knjigu o bjekstvu iz zatvora. Slušajući Dejmonove savjete, Džon se priprema da izvadi svoju ženu iz zatvora. Proučava rute bjekstva i zatvorske rutine, te kupuje pištolj. Nailazi na poteškoće pri pribavljanju lažnih isprava, pa gubi veći dio novca; prodaje svoj namještaj i lične stvari. Umalo ga uhvate kako testira bamp ključ unutar Larinog trenutnog zatvora.

Kada Džon sazna da će Laru premjestiti za tri dana u udaljenu zatvorsku ustanovu, biva primoran da osmisli hitan plan. U nemogućnosti da proda svoju kuću na vrijeme, razmatra o tome da opljačka banku — ali, odustane u posljednjem momentu. Očajan zbog sve goreg mentalnog zdravlja svoje supruge, Džon prati lokalnog dilera droge do njegove kuće i opljačka njegov novac.

Prateći svoj plan, Džon falsifikuje test krvi zbog kojeg Laru smatraju hiperkalemičnom; ostavlja Luka na rođendanskoj zabavi. Laru premještaju iz zatvora u obližnju bolnicu.

Idući za dokazima koji su ostali u dilerovoj kući, policija prati Džonov automobil, pronađe njegovu praznu kuću i zaključi da planira izbaviti svoju ženu.

Larine čuvare u bolnici napadne i savlada Džon, te uvjeri suprugu da pobjegne s njim. Džon i Lara izlaze iz bolnice, za dlaku uspiju pobjeći policiji i napustiti područje. Otkrivaju da je Luk u zoološkom jer je rođendanska zabava tamo, pa voze do te lokacije da bi ga pokupili — dok policija postavlja blokade na cestama oko grada. Džon i Lara prolaze zahvaljujući tome što su uzeli stariji par da zavaraju policiju. Ostavljaju par kod taksija i voze do kanadskog aerodroma. Policija je navedena na pogrešan trag jer su pronašli dijelove plana za bjekstvo koje je Džon namjerno ostavio za sobom; stoga zaustavljaju pogrešan let... Džon, Lara i Luk uspješno se ukrcavaju na let za Venecuelu.

Detektivi se vraćaju na mjesto zločina gdje je Larin šef ubijen. Retrospekcija prikazuje detalje ubistva i kako je Lara nevina. Sjetivši se da je Lara tvrdila kako je izgubila dugme za vrijeme ubistva, detektiv s pomoćnicom pretražuje obližnji odvod i zamalo pronađe dugme.

Džon, Lara i Luk stižu u hotel u Venecueli. Dok Lara leži pored sina, Luk je ljubi i zajedno zaspu. Film se završava kada Džon uslika suprugu i sina dok spavaju.

Postava
 Rasel Krou kao Džon Brenan
 Elizabet Benks kao Lara Brenan
 Brajan Denehi kao Džordž Brenan
 Leni Džejms kao poručnik Nabulsi
 Olivija Vajld kao Nikol
 Taj Simpkins kao Luk Brenan
 Helen Keri kao Grejs Brenan
 Lijam Nison kao Dejmon Penington
 Danijel Stern kao Mejer Fisk
 Kevin Korigan kao Aleks Gajdar
 Džejson Begej kao detektiv Kvinan
 Aiša Hinds kao detektiv Kolero
 Tajron Džordano kao Majk
 Džonatan Taker kao Dejvid
 Alan Stil kao narednik Haris
 Riza kao Mus
 Džejms Ranson kao Harv
 Moran Atijas kao Erit
 Majkl Bjui kao Mik Brenan
 Trudi Stajler kao dr Berdi Lifson
 Tajler M. Grin i Tobi Dž. Grin kao 3-godišnji Luk
 Kejtlin Vajld kao Džuli

Razvoj
Pol Hagis je razvijao film o Martinu Luteru Kingu, ali nije mogao da pronađe izvor za finansiranje. Počeo je da traži manje skupe projekte i naišao je na francuski film -{Pour elle}- (dosl. "za nju") tvorca Freda Kavajea.

Radnja filma -{Pour elle}- uključuje nastavnika, Žulijana (Vensan Lendon), koji nailazi na poteškoće kada njegova supruga (Dijana Kriger) postane osumnjičena u istrazi ubistva i uhapšena; Žulijan ne vjeruje da je njegova žena kriva za zločin, pa pokuša da je izbavi iz zatvora. -{Pour elle}- je bio Kavajeov režiserski debi. Film je 2010. godine bio jedna od glavnih atrakcija na Francuskom filmskom festivalu koji organizuje Alijans fransez. Kavaje je objasnio radnju i motivaciju za nastanak filma: "Željeli smo da napravimo pravu ljudsku priču o običnom čovjeku koji radi neobičnu stvar jer je suočen s pogrešnom presudom. Film takođe govori o hrabrosti — pričajući o tome kako pokazujete hrabrost u zavisnosti od situacije. U Francuskoj, na primjer, postojali su dobri ljudi koji nisu ulazili u otpor protiv Nijemaca."

Hagis je kasnije podsjetio: "Uvijek sam želio da uradim mali triler. Uvijek sam volio filmove poput -{Three Days of the Condor}-, te romantične trilere... Divan je, mali, 90-minutni film, francuski film."

Promjene u odnosu na francuski film
Hagis je napravio određen broj ključnih promjena u odnosu na francuski film:

Prilično je jasno od početka filma da je ona nevina i da je on volio, te da bi uradio bilo šta da je izvadi, a — na kraju — živjeli su od tada srećno. Nevolje u putu su bile dobre ali ja sam mislio da bih mogao učiniti da on plati veću cijenu. Dakle, prva stvar koju sam uradio jeste da sam se zapitao šta je bilo pitanje. Moram da imam pitanje ako započinjem film. Pitanje koje sam smislio, a nisam siguran da li je reflektovano u filmu ili nije, ali je to ono prema čemu sam pisao, bilo je: Da li bi spasao ženu koju voliš ako bi znao da bi time postao neko koga ona više neće voljeti? To me interesovalo. A to nije bilo u francuskom filmu uopšte. Cijelo pitanje oko nevinosti bilo mi je fascinantno zato što ja nisam htio da nužno kažem da li je ona bila kriva ili nevina. Samo sam želio da Džon bude jedini koji vjeruje da je ona nevina. Dokaza je previše. Čak i njegovi roditelji misle da je ona vjerovatno kriva. Čak i njihov sopstveni advokat. Opet on je vjerovao [...] i šta taj nivo vjerovanja učini za nekoga, koliko je infektivan. Dakle, to su dvije stvari s kojima sam se igrao.

Kavaje je rekao za -{The Age}-, po pitanju rimejka filma Hagisa, da je on željan "da bude gledalac svog sopstvenog filma". Režiser je komentarisao vijesti da će za rimejk njegovog filma da bude zadužen Hagis: "To je čudan osjećaj. Napisao sam ovu priču u svom vrlo malom apartmanu u Parizu. Kada sam vidio svoje ime pored Rasela Kroua na netu, bilo je zadivljujuće."

Hagis je bazirao glavni lik na samom sebi:

Samo sam sjeo i rekao: "Ako bih ja morao da izbavim ženu koju volim iz zatvora, kako bih ja to uradio?" Otišao bih na internet, to je prva stvar koju radim. Proguglao bih "kako pobjeći iz zatvora". Dakle, to je tačno ono što sam uradio. Išao sam dalje i guglao "kako pobjeći iz zatvora", "kako provaliti u automobil" i pronašao te fascinantne stvari, i samo ih iskoristio. Zaključio sam da je to ono što bi on učinio. Takođe sam znao da ću doživjeti neuspjeh spektakularno, barem u početku. Ali potom bih nastavio. I bio bih pravo prebijen, i vjerovao bih pogrešnim ljudima, i radio bih pogrešne stvari. Počeo bih se osjećati stvarno dobro što se tiče mene, što sam osmislio cijelu stvar, a potom bi nešto pošlo naopako. Samo bih nastavio sve dok ili ne budem uhvaćen ili ne pobjegnemo ili se nešto ne desi. To je ono što on radi. Dakle, samo sam pokušao da ga učinim kao bilo kojim drugim čovjekom. Volio sam činjenicu da je ovaj tip takođe nastavnik engleskog, tako da je bio romantičar. Pričao je o Don Kihotu. On ima ovu cijelu romantizovanu viziju toga kako se žrtvujete za ženu, kako se ponašate u stvarima kao što je ova. Strašno je romantizovano i tako kompletno nepraktično.

Snimanje
U oktobru 2009. godine, Hagis i njegovi ljudi bili su u produkcijskoj fazi glavne fotografije — snimajući u Pitsburgu (Pensilvanija). Dana 4. oktobra 2009. godine, snimanje filma je bilo u toku; planirano je da se završi 12. decembra 2009. godine.
Dana 14. decembra, -{Pittsburgh Post-Gazette}- je izvijestio da će snimanje filma Sljedeća tri dana biti okončano tog dana — poslije 52 dana snimanja.

Prijem
U oktobru 2009. godine, film je originalno planiran da izađe 2011. godine; do marta 2010. godine, australijska medijska kompanija Vilidž roudšou bila je spremna da objavi film u Australiji u novembru 2010. godine. U Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama film je izašao 19. novembra 2010. godine.

Kritički odziv

Film je dobio pomiješane kritike. -{Rotten Tomatoes}- daje filmu rejting odobravanja od 50% na osnovu pregleda od 165 kritičara, s prosječnom ocjenom od 5,8/10. Kritički konsenzus veb-sajta je sljedeći: "Rasel Krou i Elizabet Benks dali su sve od sebe, ali njihovi solidni performansi nisu baš dovoljni da kompenzuju za neujednačen tempo i nevjerovatnu radnju Sljedeća tri dana." Na -{Metacritic}-u, film ima prosječnu ocjenu 52 od 100, na osnovu 36 kritika, s navedenim "pomiješanim ili prosječnim ocjenama".

Rodžer Ibert je nagradio film s dvije i po od četiri zvjezdice i rekao: "Sljedeća tri dana nije loš film; samo je nekako tračenje uključenog talenta."

Zarada
Film je počeo s 5. mjestom — sedmičnom zaradom od 6.542.779 dolara u 2.564 bioskopa, za prosječnih 2.552 po bioskopu. Kraj je bio 6. januara 2011. godine, sa zaradom od 21.148.651 dolara na domaćem tržištu. Film je zaradio dodatnih 46.300.000 na prekomorskim teritorijama, za ukupnu zaradu od 67.448.651 dolara u svijetu — što je osrednji uspjeh naspram budžeta od 30 miliona dolara.

Vidi još
 Spisak filmova s motivima dijabetesa

Reference

Spoljašnje veze

Filmovi 2010.
Američki filmovi
Filmovi na engleskom jeziku
Trileri
Kriminalistički filmovi
Njujork (država)
Филмови за које је музику компоновао Данијел Елфман


text:
Jewboy is a 2005 Australian film directed by Tony Krawitz. The film stars Ewen Leslie, Chris Haywood,  Saskia Burmeister, and Nicholas Eadie. It won the 2005 Australian Film Institute Awards for Best Short Fiction Film, Best Cinematography and Best Screenplay in a Short.

Plot
The film tells of a young Orthodox Jewish man's struggle after the death of his father. The young man returns from Israel to find that he would prefer to leave Orthodoxy, and departs from his remaining family to become a taxi driver.  He gradually assimilates into secular life, soon finding himself tempted to fornicate.

The film appears to mimic the Parable of the Prodigal Son, with the main character appearing to reconsider Orthodox life at the end of the film by reuniting with his family.

Release
The film showed in the Un Certain Regard at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival, as well as in official selection in the 2006 Sundance Film Festival. After the presentation, Tony Krawitz, the Jewish director, and Ewen Leslie (who is not Jewish) responded to various questions, claiming that the title was not meant to be offensive, and the film had been prescreened by a Jewish audience to positive reviews.

Cast

 Ewen Leslie – Yuri
 Naomi Wilson – Minnie
 Saskia Burmeister – Rivka
 Leah Vandenberg – Sarita
 Nicholas Eadie – Isaac
 Chris Haywood – Sam
 Nathan Besser – Alon
 Alice McConnell – Cheryl
 Nicholas Calafato – Jew Boy
 Kelly Butler – Woman in Taxi
 Alan Flower – STA Passenger
 Richard Green – Gary
 Jake Stone – Yossi
 Sky Tse – Chinese Man
 Adam Rosenberg – Dovid
 Shivani Dewan – Nina

Box office
Jewboy grossed $19,118 at the box office in Australia.

See also
Cinema of Australia

References

External links

Jewboy at the National Film and Sound Archive
 official website

2005 films
Australian drama short films
2005 drama films
Films about Jews and Judaism
Films produced by Liz Watts
2000s English-language films
2000s Australian films


text:
Agent Cody Banks 2: Cel Londyn (ang. Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London) – brytyjsko-amerykańska komedia sensacyjna z 2004 roku w reżyserii Kevina Allena. Wyprodukowany przez Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Kontynuacja filmu Agent Cody Banks z 2003 roku.

Opis fabuły
Cody Banks (Frankie Muniz), z pozoru nieśmiały nastolatek, jest agentem CIA do zadań specjalnych. Podczas kolejnej misji ma odzyskać urządzenia umożliwiające kontrolę ludzkich umysłów. W tym celu jedzie do Londynu, gdzie udaje członka międzynarodowej orkiestry.

Obsada
 Frankie Muniz jako Cody Banks
 Anthony Anderson jako Derek Bowman
 Hannah Spearritt jako Emily Sommers
 Cynthia Stevenson jako pani Banks
 Daniel Roebuck jako pan Banks
 Anna Chancellor jako Lady Josephine Kensworth
 Keith Allen jako Victor Diaz
 James Faulkner jako Lord Duncan Kensworth
 David Kelly jako Trevor
 Santiago Segura jako doktor Santiago
 Connor Widdows jako Alex Banks
i inni

Bibliografia

Amerykańskie filmy komediowe
Amerykańskie filmy sensacyjne
Amerykańskie filmy z 2004 roku
Brytyjskie filmy komediowe
Brytyjskie filmy sensacyjne
Brytyjskie filmy z 2004 roku
Filmy wytwórni Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Filmy kręcone w Londynie


text:
The METI Handmade School, a primary school for 168 students located in Rudrapur in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh, was built with the assistance of local craftsmen making use of traditional materials, primarily mud and bamboo. An example of sustainable architecture, the project received the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 2007 for its simple, humane approach and beauty, and for the level of cooperation achieved between architects, craftsmen, clients and users.

Background
In 1997, Anna Heringer from Bavaria in southern Germany, visited Bangladesh to work as a volunteer with the Bangladeshi NGO, Dipshikha, which assists marginalized communities in areas such as education, agriculture and skills development. While studying architecture in Linz, Austria, she returned to Rudrapur with three other students. As part of their university research, they made a proposal under Dipshikha's programme for Modern Education and Training (METI). In 2004, after graduating with a thesis titled "School: handmade in Bangladesh", Anna Heringer again visited the village, maintaining the contacts she had enjoyed over the years. Unable to find suitable local expertise, Paul Cherwatigga of Dipshikha appointed her as architect for a project to build new classrooms for the village school with a mandate to make use of local materials. Heringer began her involvement by coordinating fund-raising with the German NGO, Shanti, which had initially introduced her to Dipshikha, successfully raising the US$35,000 needed for the project. While the original requirement had simply been to build additional classrooms for the Dipshikha school, Cherwatigga and Heringer persuaded those responsible to use local materials rather than adopting the usual concrete construction.

Commissioned in January 2004, design work started in March 2004 and was approved in August 2005. The construction was completed over a period of four months from September 2005 to December 2005.

The building
Anna Heringer worked together with her colleague Eike Roswag, developing a design based on regional construction methods and local materials but introducing new approaches for efficiency and structural integrity. As a result of improvements to the bamboo structures and lashing, it was possible to add a second storey to the building. Brick foundations were used to minimize the effects of moisture on the earthen walls. The bricks were made by local craftsmen while the remaining construction work was a collaborative effort by the architects, teachers, students and locals. In addition to the classrooms required, there are also spaces where the children can interact. The classrooms on the ground floor are enclosed by a mud wall while those on the first floor have slatted bamboo walls providing diffused light and natural ventilation.
The regularly spaced vertical bamboo support connected to horizontal slats create a powerful decorative effect enhanced by the sunlight.

Among the notable advances made in the use of local materials were the introduction of a dampproof course and a brick foundation as well as the addition of straw to the loam mixture of earth and water. In regard to the use of bamboo, progress was made in constructing a layered ceiling of bamboo sticks, bamboo boards and earth, and in building the first floor walls and roof with a frame consisting of beams (four layers of joined bamboo sticks) and vertical and diagonal poles.

Awards
In 2007, the building received the Aga Khan award. There was special mention of the way in which "easily available local materials" had been used  "to create a new model for school construction that is beautiful, simple and humane."

In 2009, the Curry Stone Design Prize was awarded to Anna Heringer for the METI Handmade School and two related projects in Rudrapur. Reference was made to a "new handmade approach to sustainable building" under which local materials are used by local laborers "who learn new construction methods, offering an elegant alternative to the trend toward buildings made from western materials such as cement and steel."

References

2005 establishments in Bangladesh
Schools in Dinajpur District, Bangladesh
Sustainable buildings and structures
Bamboo buildings and structures
School buildings completed in 2005
Educational institutions established in 2005
Organisations based in Dinajpur


text:
Freilichtbühne Ötigheim  is an open-air theatre in Ötigheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

Theatres in Baden-Württemberg


text:
Biografia
Italoamericana di Pittsburgh, è figlia di una coppia originaria di Salerno: il padre Carlo è medico pediatra, mentre la madre Daniela insegna italiano. Ha tre fratelli. Da piccola ha praticato sia il tennis sia il calcio. Parla fluentemente inglese e italiano.

Mancina, è allenata da Ann Grossman e Ty Tucker. Nel 2017 è diventata tennista professionista. Nel settembre 2018 ha disputato gli US Open, dove è uscita al secondo turno.

Statistiche ITF

Singolare

Vittorie (4)

Sconfitte (2)

Doppio

Vittorie (4)

Sconfitte (6)

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Sportivi italoamericani


text:
Nathaniel J. Jacobson (1916–1996) was an American artist, educator and color theorist based in Boston. He began his studies Museum of Fine Arts School, followed by the Massachusetts School of Art. After graduating in 1938, Jacobson enrolled in Yale University's School of the Fine Arts, receiving his BFA in 1941. Jacobson enlisted in the army in 1943 and after serving, the themes of his paintings turned towards his experience in Europe during World War II.

Jacobson found early success as a painter when his paintings were exhibited at the Carnegie Institute in 1941 as part of its exhibition "Directions in American Painting." Subsequently, his work was shown in New York at the Macbeth Gallery and the Gallery of Modern Art as well as The Arts Club of Chicago and Today's Art Gallery in Boston.

As a student of Anna Hathaway, a follower of Albert Munsell, he developed his interest in color theory. In 1975 Jacobson published a popular middle school and high school art textbook, The Sense of Color. Jacobson went on to work as a research associate at MIT, studying computer modeling of color combinations and exploring the human response to color. In 2007, Jacobson was the subject of a retrospective exhibit "Color Demands a Response" at Hebrew College in Boston.

In 1956 Jacobson travelled to Israel. The light and color he witnessed there transformed his work. He wrote, "Israel opened up ideas of color and light to me. There I found the extraordinary challenge of the brilliant light and how I could fit that into paint. My response to the light of Israel, and especially to the Negev, required a renovation of my palette. The light was abstract. The truth of it was the brilliance, and the fact that there was color only in the shadows."

Major exhibitions in Jerusalem, New York City and Boston followed. In 1958, he had solo shows at the DeCordova Museum in Lincoln, Massachusetts, and the Jewish Museum in New York City. Dorothy Adlow reviewed DeCordova exhibit for The Christian Science Monitor: "These pictures of Israel express almost spectacularly the painter's reaction to the country and the people.... Sometimes the colors run to a ravishing brilliance.... Here is a genuinely exalted communication."

References

1916 births
1996 deaths
Yale University alumni
20th-century American painters
Artists from Boston
20th-century American male artists
American male painters
American war artists
Painters from Massachusetts
United States Army personnel of World War II


text:
Le ministère de la Sécurité communautaire et Services correctionnels est un ministère de l'Ontario responsable pour la sécurité publique ainsi que pour le système correctionnel de la province. Le ministre est aussi responsable pour la Police provinciale de l'Ontario, qui est le service de police dans les villes avec une population de moins de . Les responsabilités principales du ministère sont les centres de détention, les centres correctionnels, les prisons, les commissions de libération conditionnelle ainsi que pour la gestion de sécurité publique en période de catastrophe. Son administration se situe au , 25 rue Grosvenor, à Toronto. Il est responsable de l'incarcération et de la réhabilitation de criminels condamnés.

La ministre actuelle est la progressiste-conservatrice Sylvia Jones depuis le .

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Site officiel

Organisme du gouvernement de l'Ontario


text:
Theodor Holm Nelson (Chicago, Illinois, Estados Unidos, 17 de junio de 1937) es un filósofo, sociólogo y pionero de la tecnología de la información estadounidense. Actualmente es profesor de Environmental Information en la Universidad de Keiō, Japón, y profesor de multimedia en la Universidad de Southampton, Inglaterra. Pero por lo que es más conocido es por acuñar los términos hipertexto e hipermedia y por ser el fundador del proyecto Xanadú en la década de 1960. La idea de Xanadu -surgida después de una visita al Xerox PARC- era crear una biblioteca en línea con toda la literatura de la humanidad.
Su padre era Ralph Nelson, director premiado con un Emmy de la Academia, y su madre, Celeste Holm, actriz estadounidense de televisión, también premiada con dicho galardón.
La motivación fundamental de su trabajo ha sido hacer que los ordenadores sean fácilmente accesibles a la gente normal. Su lema es: "la interfaz debe ser tan simple que un principiante en una emergencia pueda entenderlo en un plazo de 10 segundos".

Carrera profesional. Proyecto Xanadu

Nelson fundó el proyecto Xanadu en 1960. La idea de Xanadu consistía básicamente en concebir un documento global y único "docuverse", que cubra todo lo escrito en el mundo, mediante una gran cantidad de ordenadores interconectados, que contenga todo el conocimiento existente o, mejor dicho, información en forma de hipertexto."

Se pretendía crear un mar de documentos relacionados mediante enlaces hipertextuales, todos disponibles (aquí podemos ver una premonición de la World Wide Web). A esto se unía un sistema de gestión y cobro de derechos de autor, de tal modo que si alguien utilizaba una obra ajena, la citaba, o la incorporaba a una suya, el sistema se encargaría de rastrear la reutilización, cobrar por ella, y hacer llegar al propietario la cantidad devengada (este sistema todavía no se aplica a la Web).

El nombre del proyecto, Xanadu, fue tomado al parecer del poema Kubla Khan de Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Nelson interpretó la palabra como "Ese mágico sitio de la memoria literal donde nada se pierde nunca" (en el poema era el palacio de Kublai Khan). La idea fue concebida en 1967 y expuesta en su libro "Literary Machines".

A esta doctrina, se le denomina transcopyright y supone un sistema de autorizaciones que permite a cualquiera reutilizar cualquier trozo (de cualquier tamaño) del material de cualquier otro autor en un nuevo documento. Para este concepto Nelson inventó la palabra transclusión: supuestamente se transmite un puntero al material deseado y cualquier cliente que adquiera nuestro material adquiere simultáneamente el trozo correspondiente (de cada cita) de la publicación original. Podemos comprobar que la transclusión no es lo mismo que el concepto de URL de la Web. La URL, nos lleva a un documento completo, una página web, mientras que la tranclusión se refiere a cualquier trozo de un documento.

En su proyecto subyace una filosofía de apertura democrática: las condiciones de acceso son libres y justas, a autores y lectores; cualquiera puede ubicar su creación en Xanadu pagando: el criterio económico está presente y el precio dependerá del medio utilizado y del espacio que ocupe, es decir, se juega con la lógica del espacio ocupado relacionado entre lo que se paga y los recursos utilizados.

El proyecto Xanadu nunca llegó a terminarse, pero Nelson ha demostrado que con la aparición de la World Wide Web, su idea no era ninguna utopía. De hecho, actualmente sigue trabajando en ella. No se puede negar la influencia que de estas ideas han llegado en la evolución de los sistemas del hipertexto tal y como se conciben hoy día.

Trayectoria académica
Ted Nelson obtuvo la licenciatura en Filosofía por la Universidad de Swarthmore en 1959. Realizó una maestría en Sociología en la Universidad de Harvard en 1963 y realizó su doctorado en la Universidad de Keio en 2002.
En 1998 en la séptima Conferencia de WWW en Brisbane, Australia, se le otorgó la concesión conmemorativa de Yuri Rubinsky. El mismo comentó a la audiencia que era el primer reconocimiento que recibía por su trabajo.
En 2001 fue nombrado Caballero de la Orden de las Artes y Letras de Francia.
En 2004 fue nombrado profesor honorario del Wadham Collage de Oxford y es profesor asociado del Oxford Internet Institute, en donde actualmente desarrolla su investigación.

Véase también
 Vannevar Bush
 John C. Lilly
 Tim Berners-Lee

Referencias

Personalidades de las tecnologías de la información
Pioneros de Internet
Pioneros de la informática
Informatólogos de Estados Unidos
Sociólogos de Estados Unidos
Filósofos de Estados Unidos del siglo XX


text:
Le congrès arménien d'Erzurum est le  international de la Fédération révolutionnaire arménienne (FRA) qui s'est tenu de fin juillet 1914 au 2 août de la même année à Erzurum. Il est connu pour avoir vu les représentants du parti Union et Progrès présents au congrès, solliciter la FRA (alors le principal mouvement arménien aussi bien dans l'Empire ottoman que dans l'Empire russe) pour organiser une rébellion arménienne contre le tsar afin de faciliter une éventuelle invasion ottomane de la Transcaucasie.

Références

Conférence
Histoire de l'Arménie
Empire ottoman
Génocide arménien
Juillet 1914
Août 1914
Erzurum


text:
Pia Lund Hansen (født 1949) er en tidligere dansk atlet medlem af Skovbakken i Århus fra 1978 i FIF Hillerød.

Pia Lund Hansen deltog ved EM 1969 i Athen på det danske 4 x 400 meter hold, hvor hun deltog sammen med Birgitte Jennes, Kirsten Høiler og Annelise Damm Olesen. Deres tid på 3:36,2 er fortsat er gældende dansk rekord.

Danske mesterskaber
  1978 400 meter hæk 62,71
  1977 400 meter hæk 63,43
  1972 100 meter hæk 14,8
  1972 60 meter hæk-inde 9,0
  1971 100 meter hæk 14,4
  1971 60 meter hæk-inde 9,1
  1970 200 meter 25,7
  1970 100 meter hæk 14,9
  1969 200 meter 25,0
  1969 100 meter hæk 14,6

Danske rekorder
 4 x 200 meter-inde: 1,43,7 7. marts 1970
 4 x 400 meter: 3,36,2 19. september, EM Athen, 1969

Eksterne henvisninger
 DAF i tal – Pia Lund Hansen

Hækkeløbere fra Danmark
Atleter fra Skovbakken
Atleter fra FIF Hillerød


text:
Гебек Алиевич Насруллаев (25 февраля 1927 — 2 февраля 2018) — старший мастер вертикального вытягивания стекла стекольного завода «Дагестанские Огни», Герой Социалистического Труда (1971).

Биография
Родился 25 февраля 1927 года в селе Варсит Кайтагского района.

В военное время учился в школе фабрично-заводского училища стекольного завода «Дагестанские Огни» и одновременно работал на заводе, получил специальность выдувальщика стеклоизделий. В 1946 году перешёл в машино-ванный цех: отломщик стекла, бортовой, помощник мастера, мастер, старший мастер вертикального вытягивания стекла.

Нашёл способы продления срока службы машин и механизмов с одновременным повышением их производительности.

По итогам семилетки 1959—1965 гг. награждён орденом Ленина. Указом от 7 мая 1971 года присвоено звание Героя Социалистического Труда.

В последующем работал председателем Огнинского поселкового совета.

Умер 2 февраля 2018 года.

Источники

 Ушел из жизни Герой Социалистического Труда Гебек Алиевич Насруллаев
 narodidagestana.ru
 «Ребята, плохой работы не бывает» [Текст] : [о Герое Социалистического Труда Насруллаеве Г. А.] / Регина Курбанова // Молодежь Дагестана. — 2017. — 17 февр. (№ 6). — С. 6


text:
Marlow (prononcé en anglais : ) ou Marlow-on-Thames est une ville britannique située dans le Buckinghamshire, en Angleterre. Elle se trouve sur la Tamise qui s'écoule vers Londres, entre la ville de Henley-on-Thames et le village de Bourne End, au nord de Maidenhead.

Marlow est célèbre pour son pont suspendu enjambant la Tamise construit par William Tierney Clark entre 1829 et 1832.

Historiquement, la ville s'appelle Great Marlow (Grand Marlow) ou Chipping Marlow pour la distinguer du village de Little Marlow (Petit Marlow), 2 km au nord-est.

Sport
Le Marlow United Football Club est un club de football anglais fondé en 1976 et basé dans la ville.

Transports
Marlow est desservie par la Marlow branch line de la Great Western Railway, ligne ferroviaire issue de l'ancienne Wycombe Railway. Elle relie la gare de Maidenhead à la gare de Marlow via Furze Platt, Cookham et Bourne End. Historiquement, la Marlow branch line compte également un embranchement jusqu'à High Wycombe, à partir de Bourne End, sur la Chiltern Main Line, fermé en 1970.

Personnalités liées à la ville
 Oscar Asche (1871-1936), acteur, écrivain et metteur en scène australien, y est mort ;
 Richard Brandram (1911-1994),  major de l'Armée britannique, et l'époux de la princesse Catherine de Grèce, y est mort ;
 Catherine de Grèce (1913-2007), princesse de Grèce et de Danemark et, après son mariage, lady Brandram, y est morte ;
Haya Harareet (1931-2021), actrice et scénariste israélienne y est morte ;
 Josiah Latimer Clark (1822-1898), ingénieur électricien, et l'un des pionniers de la télégraphie sous-marine, y est né ;
 Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart (1895-1970), officier d'infanterie britannique, historien et stratège militaire, y est mort ;
 Sir Steve Redgrave (1962-), rameur anglais qui a gagné une médaille d'or dans cinq olympiades consécutives, de 1984 à 2000, y est né ;
 Galen Weston (1940-2021), homme d'affaires britannique et canadien, y est né ;
 Reginald Howard Wilenski (1887-1975), critique d'art, historien et occasionnellement un peintre britannique, y est mort.

Jumelages
La ville de Marlow est jumelée avec :

Culture
La ville de Marlow est évoquée dans le roman populaire "Trois hommes dans un bateau" de Jerome K. Jerome.

Galerie

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Commanderie de Bisham, ancienne commanderie située à 1 kilomètre au sud de la ville
 SL Alaska
 Harleyford Manor

Liens externes

 Marlow

  Marlow(DMOZ.org)

Ville dans le Buckinghamshire
Tamise
Paroisse civile dans le Buckinghamshire