text:
Der Kia Carens ist ein Pkw-Modell des Automobilherstellers Kia Motors, das in Nordamerika unter der Bezeichnung Rondo vermarktet wurde. Er wird nunmehr in fünfter Generation gebaut und war der erste Kompaktvan des koreanischen Konzerns.

Das erste Modell war ab Mai 1999 erhältlich. Mitte 2002 wurde der Carens überarbeitet und somit zur zweiten Generation. Im Sommer 2006 kam ein erneuter Modellwechsel zur dritten Generation. Im Frühjahr 2013 wurde die vierte Generation des Carens eingeführt. Die fünfte Generation kam Anfang 2022 auf den Markt und ist für den indischen Markt konzipiert. In Mitteleuropa wurde der Vertrieb der Baureihe 2018 eingestellt.

Carens (FC, 1999–2002)

Der erste Carens kam im Frühjahr 1999 auf den Markt und hielt sich nur drei Jahre lang. Sein 1,8-Liter-Vierzylinder-Benziner leistete 80 kW (109 PS).

Technische Daten

Carens (FJ, 2002–2006)

Im Juni 2002 wurde die zweite Generation des Carens präsentiert. Sie war optisch deutlich moderner als ihr Vorgänger.

Es wurden zwei Ausstattungsvarianten angeboten: LX und EX. In beiden Varianten gehörten Klimaanlage, elektrische Fensterheber an allen Türen, TCS (Traction-Control-System), vier Airbags u.v.m. zur Serienausstattung. In der "EX"-Version wurden u. a. zusätzlich Klimaautomatik, Regensensor und automatisch abblendender Innenspiegel serienmäßig verbaut. Nur in dieser Version konnte gegen Aufpreis auch eine Teillederausstattung mit Sitzheizung geordert werden. Sowohl die Diesel- als auch die Benzinerversionen konnten mit einer 4-Stufen-Lenkrad-Automatik mit Wandlerüberbrückungskupplung kombiniert werden. Ein ausschließlich elektrisch betriebenes Glasschiebedach konnte ebenfalls zu allen Ausstattungsvarianten geordert werden. Allerdings fehlen ansonsten wertige Materialien im Innenraum; es dominiert eine "Kunststoffatmosphäre". Einige Bedienungselemente, welche sogar vom Verkehr ablenken können, sind ungünstig angeordnet. So muss man den Blick von der Straße abwenden, um die am unteren linken Armaturenbrett platzierten zwei Druckschalter für den Heckwischer/-wascher zu betätigen. Ansonsten kann man das Preis-Leistungs-Verhältnis sowie den praktischen Nutzen des KIA Carens II dennoch mit "gut bis sehr gut" einstufen. Gebrauchtwagen gehören zu den, im Verhältnis zu Konkurrenzfahrzeugen wie den Opel Zafira oder den VW Touran, preiswerteren Anschaffungen.

Technik/Fahreigenschaften
Der Kia Carens II entsprach 2002 dem üblichen technischen Standard mit Einzelradaufhängung, Scheibenbremsen auch hinten und vorne innenbelüftet, plus Bremskraftverteiler, Servolenkung und ABS. Insbesondere mit dem zwar etwas rauen 2.0 l Dieselmotor vermittelte er, in einem für alle Straßenverhältnisse "gut motorisierten" Auto zu sitzen. Im Carens II fanden vier Erwachsene samt Gepäck ausreichend Platz. Sehr praktisch war das unter dem Gepäckraum untergebrachte Staufach. Dadurch entstand eine – nach dem Umklappen in Verbindung mit der etwas höher als die Vordersitze angebrachten Rückbank – ebene Ladefläche.

In Malaysia wurde er als Naza Citra verkauft. Im August 2006 lief die Produktion des Carens II aus.

Technische Daten

Carens (UN, 2006–2013)

Die dritte Generation des Kia Carens wurde am 25. Mai 2006 auf dem Salon International del Automovil de Madrid vorgestellt. Das ab September 2006 verkaufte Fahrzeug auf der Bodengruppe des Kia Optima ist sonst neu entwickelt. In der Produktpalette von Kia war der Carens bei seiner Markteinführung zwischen dem Kompaktmodell cee'd und dem größeren Van Kia Carnival eingeordnet. Der Carens war als Fünf- sowie als Siebensitzer erhältlich.

Als Antrieb standen ein 2,0-Liter-Ottomotor mit 106 kW (144 PS) oder ein 2,0-Liter-Common-Rail-Diesel mit 103 kW (140 PS) zur Verfügung. Der Ottomotor ist an ein 5-Gang-Schaltgetriebe, der Diesel an ein neu entwickeltes 6-Gang-Schaltgetriebe gekoppelt. Alternativ dazu ist für beide Motoren eine Vierstufenautomatik erhältlich. Die Räder waren einzeln aufgehängt; vorn an MacPherson-Federbeinen und Querlenkern, hinten mit einer Mehrlenkerachse.

Der Ausstattungsumfang des Carens gliederte sich in Deutschland in die vier Varianten LX Basis, LX, EX und EX Top.

Im Herbst 2010 wurde der Kompaktvan überarbeitet, was äußerlich an einem neuen Kühlergrill erkennbar ist. Die Motorenpalette wurde verändert. So standen von nun an zwei Ottomotoren zur Wahl, ein 1,6-l-Motor mit 97 kW (132 PS) und einer mit 2 l Hubraum und 106 kW (144 PS) und ein 1,6-Liter-Diesel in zwei Leistungsstufen mit 85 kW (115 PS) und 94 kW (128 PS) zum Einsatz.

In den USA hieß das Modell Rondo. In Malaysia wird das überarbeitete Modell mit in den Spiegeln integrierten Blinkern seit 2012 von der Firma Naza als Citra II Rondo angeboten.

Folgende Ottomotoren wurden angeboten:
 2.4-l-Reihenmotor mit vier Zylindern und 129 kW (175 PS)
 2.7-l-V-Motor mit sechs Zylindern und 141 kW (192 PS)

Technische Daten

Carens (RP, 2013–2019)

Die vierte Generation des Kia Carens feierte auf dem Autosalon Paris 2012 ihre Weltpremiere. Der Kompaktvan wurde in Deutschland am 4. Mai 2013 auf den Markt gebracht. Er ist etwa 20 mm kürzer, 15 mm schmaler und um 40 mm flacher als der Vorgänger, wobei der Radstand um 50 mm auf 2,75 m verlängert wurde.

Der Carens war zum Marktstart in Europa mit zwei Benzinmotoren und einem Diesel in zwei Leistungsstufen erhältlich. Die Benziner haben entweder 1,6 oder 2,0 Liter Hubraum und eine Leistung von 99 kW (135 PS) bzw. 122 kW (166 PS). Der 1,7-Liter-CRDi-Turbodiesel leistet entweder 85 kW (115 PS) oder 100 kW (136 PS). In Deutschland ist die schwächere Leistungsstufe des Diesels nicht erhältlich. Der Verbrauch (4,8–7,9 l/100 km) sowie die CO2-Emissionen (132–184 g/km) wurden gegenüber dem Vorgänger deutlich gesenkt.

In den USA wird das Modell vorerst nicht mehr angeboten. In Kanada wird es jedoch, wie der Vorgänger, unter der Bezeichnung Rondo vertrieben.

Im Sommer 2016 wurde der Carens dezent überarbeitet. Neben einer leicht veränderten Optik und einem aufgewerteten Innenraum wird seitdem ein neueres Infotainment-System verbaut, das unter anderem die Kompatibilität mit Apple CarPlay und Android Auto aufweist. Das Angebot an Sicherheitssystemen wurde um einen Totwinkel-Assistenten sowie ein Querverkehrswarnsystem erweitert.

Seit 2018 ist der Carens in Mitteleuropa nicht mehr erhältlich. Ein direktes Nachfolgemodell gibt es nicht.

Technische Daten

Carens (KY, seit 2022)

Ein neuer Carens wurde am 16. Dezember 2021 vorgestellt. Er wird zunächst nur im indischen Anantapur auf Basis des Seltos gebaut und kam dort am 15. Februar 2022 in den Handel. Der indonesische Markt folgte am 12. August 2022. Eine Vermarktung in Europa ist nicht geplant. Fortan wird die Baureihe als SUV vermarktet. Weiterhin hat der Carens drei Sitzreihen.

Technische Daten

Zulassungszahlen
Zwischen 2001 und 2019 sind in Deutschland insgesamt 43.909 Einheiten des Kia Carens neu zugelassen worden. Mit 5.392 Einheiten war 2003 das erfolgreichste Verkaufsjahr.

Literatur
 Automobil Revue, Katalog 2000, 2003, 2006 und 2008
 Bil-Revyen, 2011 (dänisch)

Weblinks

 Offizielle Website (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Van
Sport Utility Vehicle
Kombi


text:
Sportvereniging Rohda '76 (Recht Op Het Doel Af) is een Nederlandse voetbalvereniging uit Bodegraven, opgericht op 21 april 1976. De clubkleuren van Rohda '76 zijn blauw en wit. Het tenue bestaat uit een blauw shirt, een witte broek en blauwe kousen.

Rohda werkt zijn thuiswedstrijden af op Sportcomplex Broekveldselaan en komt uit in de Vierde klasse zaterdag van het KNVB-district West II (2020/21).

Historie
1976 Oprichtingsvergadering op 21 april 1976.
1976 Eerste officiële thuiswedstrijd tegen SV Gouda (4-0 winst) op 11 september.
1977 Eerste kampioenschap in de Goudse Bond.
1980 Oprichting zaalvoetbalafdeling.
1981 500ste lid.
1983 Verhuizing naar het nieuwe sportcomplex "Broekveldselaan".
1983 Oprichting damesteams.
1988 Rohda '76 1 speelt op KNVB-sportcentrum tegen Nederlands jeugdelftal onder 16 jaar.
1988 Wedstrijd tegen eredivisionist FC Volendam (1-4).
1993 Oprichting Club van Honderd.
1994 Kampioenschap en voor eerst in het clubbestaan promotie naar de derde klasse.
1999 Opening hoofdtribune met 300 zitplaatsen.
2000 Rohda '76 wint nacompetitie en promoveert naar tweede klasse.
2001 Viering 25-jarig bestaan op zaterdag 21 april.
2001 Rohda '76 degradeert naar de derde klasse.
2004 Rohda '76 wordt kampioen en promoveert wederom naar de 2e klasse.
2006 Aanleg van een nieuw kunstgrasveld (veld 3).
2007 Rohda '76 degradeert naar de 3e klasse.
2008 Rohda '76 degradeert naar de 4e klasse.
2011 Rohda '76 wordt tweede en promoveert weer naar de 3e klasse.
2014 Rohda '76 degradeert naar de 4e klasse.
2015 Rohda '76 wordt derde en promoveert via nacompetitie naar de 3e klasse.
2016 Rohda '76 degradeert naar de 4e klasse

Competitieresultaten 1978–heden

 = Dit seizoen werd stopgezet vanwege de uitbraak van het coronavirus. Er werd voor dit seizoen geen officiële eindstand vastgesteld.

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Bekende (ex-)spelers
 Mark Veerman
 Arjan Ouwendijk
 Luuk Samsom
 Peter Barendse
 Vlatko lazic
 Boban Lazic

Externe links
 Website Rohda '76

Amateurvoetbalclub in Zuid-Holland
Sport in Bodegraven-Reeuwijk

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Caratteristiche tecniche
Era un esterno d'attacco dotato di buona tecnica.

Carriera

Club
Cresciuto nelle giovanili dello  ha debuttato in prima squadra nel 1997, e da allora ha sempre militato nella prima squadra di Donec'k, con cui ha vinto 3 Campionati d'Ucraina e 3 Coppe d'Ucraina. Nella stagione 2000-2001 ha vinto il titolo di capocannoniere del campionato ucraino con 21 gol.
Nel giugno 2007 passa al Dnipro Dnipropetrovs'k, che dopo due stagioni non molto convincenti, lo cede in prestito all'Arsenal Kiev.

A fine stagione ritorna al Dnipro Dnipropetrovs'k, ma viene ceduto definitivamente al Futbol'nyj Klub Metalist.

Nazionale
Con la maglia della Nazionale ucraina ha debuttato nel 2000 e ha raggiunto il miglior risultato nella storia della selezione del suo paese, i quarti di finale ai Mondiali di Germania 2006.

Palmarès

Club

Šachtar: 2001-2002, 2004-2005, 2005-2006

Šachtar: 2000-2001, 2001-2002, 2003-2004

Šachtar: 2005

Individuale
Capocannoniere della Vyšča Liha: 1
2000-2001

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Calciatori della Nazionale ucraina


text:
«Singin' In The Lane» () — сьома серія двадцять дев'ятого сезону мультсеріалу «Сімпсони», прем'єра якої відбулась 19 листопада 2017 року у США на телеканалі «FOX».

Сюжет

Сім'я насолоджується вечерею, але містер Бернс дзвонить Гомерові, щоб запросити на баскетбольну гру. Гомер приймає пропозицію, бажаючи привести своїх друзів. У таверні Мо Гомер запрошує Ленні, Карла та Барні, але виключає Мо, оскільки у Гомера є лише чотири квитки. Мо засмучується.

Повернувшись до таверни після гри, сумний Гомер та його друзі вирішили відновити команду з боулінгу «Кегльманів» (). Однак, у Мо травма пальця, тож він стає тренером. Вони одразу стають успішними та виграють турнір, який відправляє їх на національний фінали у столиці, де грають у вишуканий боулінгу.

Їхні суперники, Трейдери, хоч і програли перший тур, задираючись до людей, включно з Мо та до іншої команди «Crunchers». Щоб зупинити їхні знущання, вони роблять ставку — якщо виграють Трейдери, вони виграють таверну Мо, який повинен тоді змінити своє ім'я; якщо ж виграють «Кегльмани», Мо отримає щось, що можуть дати тільки багатії. Для помсти Ліса підбурює команду «Crunchers», щоб знайти слабкі місця Трейдерів.

Тим часом Барт пробує жваве багате життя і вважає, що гроші — це все.

Перед фінальним раундом Мо настоює на тому, щоб Барні не пив. Однак, Трейдери використовують це, і роблять його п'яним, щоб він програв гру. Лісі і «Crunchers» змушують Трейдерів почуватися погано щодо власних слабкостей. Коли Барт від імені Трейдерів не може помститися сестрі, він примиряється з нею.

Щоб виграти, Гомеру потрібно зробити три страйки поспіль. У цей час Мо уявляє, що своє нове життя у Франції, якщо він програє. Мо намагається зупинити Гомера від удару, але не вдається, і «Кегльмани» виграють національний фінал.

Відчуваючи себе знехтуваним власними друзями за те, що він був поганим тренером, депресивний Мо повертається до таверни, де його друзі підготували сюрприз. Вони кажуть, що все ще є командою та його друзями. Оскільки вони виграли, «Кегльмани» отримають те, що може дати лише багатій — досвід з невагомістю.

Ставлення критиків і глядачів
Під час прем'єри на каналі «Fox» серію переглянули 2.67 млн осіб з рейтингом 1.1, що зробило її найпопулярнішим шоу на каналі «Fox» в ту ніч. Денніс Перкінс з «The A.V. Club» дав серії оцінку C+, сказавши:

На сайті The NoHomers Club згідно з голосуванням більшість фанатів оцінили серію на 2/5 із середньою оцінкою 2,39/5.

Примітки

Посилання
 «Singin' In The Lane» на сайті Wikisimpsons

Серії «Сімпсонів»
Телевізійні епізоди 2017


text:
Cette page présente les grades militaires en vigueur dans l'Armée impériale japonaise durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

Officiers

Hommes du rang et sous-officiers

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Forces japonaises d'autodéfense
 Histoire militaire du Japon
 Grades de la Marine impériale japonaise durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
 Grades des Forces japonaises d'autodéfense#Force terrestre d'autodéfense japonaise

Armée impériale japonaise
Japon
Japon


text:
The Department of Justice and Public Administration (; ) is the department of the Basque Government responsible for the community's public administration and justice system. It was created in 1936 and restored in 1980 under democracy.

Ministers
 1936-1960: Jesus Maria Leizaola
 1978-1980: Jose Antonio Agiriano
 1980-1982: Carmelo Renobale
 1984-1985: Juan Porres
 1985-1991: Juan Ramon Gebera
 1991:Javier Caño
 1991-1995: Jose Ramon Rekalde
 1995-1997: Ramon Jauregi
 1997-1998: Francisco Egea
 1998-2001: Sabin Intxaurraga
 2001-2009: Joseba Azkarraga
 2009-2012: Idoia Mendia
 2012-present: Josu Erkoreka

External links

Basque Government
Basque Country


text:
Komórka przykłębuszkowa (ang. juxtaglomerular cell lub JG cell, zwana także komórką ziarnistą, ang. granular cell) – zmodyfikowany miocyt gładki błony środkowej tętniczki doprowadzającej (w mniejszej ilości również tętniczki odprowadzającej) kłębuszków nerki. Komórka przykłębuszkowa przedstawia typowy obraz komórki syntetyzującej i wydzielającej: dobrze rozwinięte wszystkie struktury cytoplazmatyczne, dobrze rozwinięty aparat Golgiego i retikulum endoplazmatyczne szorstkie, wiele ziarnistości wydzielniczych, natomiast niewiele elementów kurczliwych (miofibryli). Główną zawartość dojrzałych i niedojrzałych ziarnistości (otoczonych błoną) stanowi renina. Komórki ziarniste pełnią również rolę baroreceptora wewnątrznerkowego (wysokociśnieniowego), który reaguje na zmianę gradientu ciśnienia między płynem śródmiąższowym a ciśnieniem w tętniczce doprowadzającej. Komórki te wydzielają reninę w odpowiedzi na:
 Spadek ciśnienia perfuzji w tętniczce doprowadzającej (wykrytego bezpośrednio przez komórki ziarniste)
 Stymulację receptorów adrenergicznych β1,
 Zmniejszenie reabsorpcji sodu w kanaliku proksymalnym i pętli nefronu (wykrytego przez plamkę gęstą wskutek wzrostu stężenia NaCl w kanaliku dystalnym).

Przypisy

Nefrologia
Nerka


text:
The Kipupu massacre () occurred on 16 July 2020 in the South Kivu village of Kipupu in the Mwenga Territory in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Gunmen belonging to the Ngumino and Twiganeho militias of the Banyamulenge community attacked the village and reportedly killed 220 people according to provincial lawmakers, while independent analysts state only 18 people were killed.

The massacre resulted in widespread outrage from the communities targeted, as well as from Congolese politicians, including Martin Fayulu.

Background

Clashes between militias loyal to the National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of Congo (CNPSC) Mai-Mai coalition and Banyamulenge militias have been ongoing since 2019, but have intensified as of mid-2020. The fighting is born out of both community conflict and the objective of expelling the Banyamulenge armed groups from the country by the CNPSC. Those on the side of the CNPSC believe the Banyamulenge to be Tutsi from Rwanda, and see the Ngumino and Twiganeho militias as another Rwandan-backed rebellion similar to the March 23 Movement (M23). Those on the side of the Banyamulenge militias believe they are using self-defense groups to protect themselves from an enemy that wishes to exterminate them.

Attack

The attack took place in and around Kipupu village. According to provincial officials, the militias set fire to houses and stole livestock while marching towards the village. The militias briefly clashed with Mai-Mai forces as well, with more civilians being killed in the crossfire. Following this, the Ngumino and Twiganeho continued to the village, where they burned houses, stole cattle, and raped women. This also coincided with machete attacks as well as shootings of civilians. 220 people were killed in the attack, according to provincial deputies. According to Kivu Security Tracker, an analyst group, the death toll was 18 as opposed to 220.

Aftermath

The attack sparked outrage among the Congolese populace as well as prominent opposition politicians. Around thirty elected officials from South Kivu called upon the Congolese government and the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) to increase their efforts to protect civilians in the region. The officials also called on MONUSCO, the local United Nations mission, to do the same. On 26 July, community leaders from the ethnic groups targeted released a statement condemning MONUSCO and the FARDC for not doing enough to prevent the massacre. The same day, Denis Mukwege, a prominent Congolese doctor, condemned the attacks in a statement on Twitter. In another statement released on 31 July, he claimed to have received hate mail and threats towards himself and his family after condemning the massacre. On 27 July, prominent opposition politician Martin Fayulu released a statement condemning the massacre and calling for an international investigation.

Some Banyamulenge activists claimed the massacre did not happen or that the death toll was not as high as reported. The Mahoro Peace Association, a Banyamulenge activist group, has both denied the massacre, as well as having attempted to shift blame to the CNPSC by discussing their alleged attacks on Banyamulenge civilians. Notably, the organization's president, Adele Kibasumba Ndaba, claimed the massacre was fake in a Twitter video.

See also

 2020 Democratic Republic of the Congo attacks

References

2020 murders in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
21st-century mass murder in Africa
Arson in Africa
Arson in the 2020s
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2020
Attacks on buildings and structures in Africa
July 2020 crimes in Africa
July 2020 events in Africa
Massacres in 2020
Massacres in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Rape in Africa
Rape in the 2020s
Robberies in Africa
South Kivu
Terrorist incidents in Africa in 2020
Terrorist incidents in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Violence against women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo


text:
A nyelvészetben a minimalista program (MP) az egyik jelentős kutatási irány, amely az 1990-es évek eleje óta fejlődik a generatív nyelvtan elméleten belül, Noam Chomsky 1993-as tanulmánya óta.

Chomsky az MP-t kutatási programként, nem pedig elméletként mutatja be, Lakatos Imre megkülönböztetését követve. Az MP arra törekszik, hogy vizsgálódási mód legyen, amelyet a nagyobb rugalmasság jellemez, amelyet minimalizmusa lehetővé is tesz. Végső soron az MP fogalmi keretet ad a nyelvi elmélet fejlesztésének irányításához. A minimalizmusban Chomsky megpróbálja alulról megközelíteni az Univerzális Grammatikát, vagyis felveti a kérdést: "mi lenne az optimális válasz az I-nyelv elméletének?"

Chomsky szerint vannak minimalista kérdések, de a válaszok besorolhatók tetszőleges elméletbe. A kérdések közül ezen kettő a legjelentősebb:
 Mi a nyelv?
 Miért van éppen ilyen tulajdonsága?

Elméleti célok

Tökéletesség
Az MP felhívja a figyelmet arra, hogy az emberek nyelvi képességei azt mutatják, hogy az optimálisan felel meg a tökéletes szerveződésnek, ami azt sugallhatja, hogy a belső működése megfelel egy nagyon egyszerű számítási törvénynek vagy egy adott mentális szervnek. Más szavakkal, az MP azon a feltevésen alapszik, hogy az univerzális grammatika tökéletes mintát jelent abban az értelemben, hogy csak azt tartalmazza, ami az emberek fogalmi és fizikai (fonológiai) igényeinek kielégítéséhez szükséges.

Elméleti szempontból és a generatív nyelvtan szerint az MP az alapelvek és a paraméterek programjának minimalista megközelítésére támaszkodik, amelyet a generatív nyelvészet 1980-as évek óta kifejlesztett végső standard elméleti modelljének tekintünk. Ez a megközelítés azt sugallja, hogy egy rögzített alapelv létezik minden nyelvre, amely a véges bináris kapcsolók (paraméterek) beállításaival kombinálva leírhatja azokat a sajátos tulajdonságokat, amelyek jellemzik azt a nyelvi rendszert, amelyet a gyermek végül elér.

Az MP célja annak megismerése, hogy az alapelvek és paraméterek mekkora részét vehetik figyelembe az emberi nyelv ezen hipotetikusan optimális és számítástechnikailag hatékony kialakításának eredményeként. Az alapelvek és a paraméterek megközelítésének továbbfejlesztett változatai viszont technikai alapelveket biztosítanak, amelyekből belátható az MP.

Gazdaságosság
Az MP a származtatás-gazdaságosságot és a reprezentáció-gazdaságosságot magában foglaló ötletek továbbfejlesztését célozza, amelyek az 1990-es évek elején váltak jelentőssé, de amelyeket a transzformációs nyelvtan nem lényeges aspektusai közé soroltak.

 A származtatás-gazdaságosság egy olyan elv, amely szerint a levezetési lépések (transzformációk) csak akkor történnek, ha megfelelnek az értelmezhető funkciókat nem interpretálható jellemzőinek. Egy példa az értelmezhető jellemzőre a többes szám flexiója a nem rendhagyó angol főnevek, például dogs esetében. A kutyák (dogs) szóval csak több kutyára lehet utalni, nem pedig egyetlen kutyára, tehát ez a flexió hozzájárul a jelentés értelméhez, és interpretálhatóvá teszi azt. Az angol igék a tárgyuk száma szerint flektálódnak (pl. "Dogs bite" vö. "Dog bites"), de ez az információ csak akkor értelmezhető, ha kapcsolat alakul ki a tárgy és az ige között, így a tárgy mozgását teszi szükségessé.
 A reprezentáció-gazdaságosság az az elv, amely szerint a nyelvtani struktúráknak egy célra kell létrejönniük, azaz a mondat szerkezete nem lehet nagyobb vagy összetettebb, mint amennyire szükség van azon nyelvtani korlátozások teljesítéséhez, amelyek egyenértékűek a fogalmi/szándékos és a szenzomotoros interfészek közti leképezés korlátozásaival az optimális rendszerben, amelynek megtalálása a minimalizmus célja.

Technikai újítások
A minimalista kérdések feltárása számos radikális változáshoz vezetett a transzformációs generatív nyelvtani elmélet műszaki berendezkedésében. Ezek közül a legfontosabbak a következők:

 Az X-bar elmélet csupasz kifejezés-struktúrába történő általánosítása (lásd alább).
 A reprezentációs szintek egyszerűsítése a nyelvtani modellben, kiküszöbölve a mély struktúra és a felszíni szerkezet közötti különbséget az explicitebb levezetési megközelítés érdekében.
 A kormányzás fogalmának megszüntetése.
 Két új interakciós pont, nevezetesen a szintaxis és a fonológiai formátumú felület közötti "spell-out", valamint a logikai formával való interakció további pontjának beillesztése.
 Az a gondolat, hogy a szintaktikai levezetések egyértelműen körülhatárolt szakaszokon haladnak, amelyeket "fázisoknak" hívunk (lásd alább).

Csupasz mondatstruktúra
Az MP vizsgálatának eredménye a csupasz mondatstruktúra (Bare phrase structure: BPS), amely egy mondatszerkezet elmélet (mondatépítés a mozgás előtt). A BPS bevezetése a Chomskyánus hagyományt a függőségi nyelvtani hagyomány felé mozgatta, amely lényegesen kevesebb szerkezettel működik, mint a legtöbb mondatszerkezet-nyelvtan.

Ez az elmélet négy fontos módon ellentétes következtetésre jut az azt megelőző X-bar elmélettel:

 A BPS kifejezetten származékos. Vagyis alulról felfelé, apránként építkezik. Ezzel szemben az X-bar elmélet reprezentatív - egy adott konstrukcióhoz egy struktúrát építenek be egy csapásra, és lexikális elemeket illesztenek be a szerkezetbe.
 A BPS-nek nincs előre meghatározott frazális felépítése, míg az X-bar elméletben minden mondatnak van specifikátora, feje és kiegészítése.
 A BPS csak bináris elágazást enged, míg az X-bar elmélet mind bináris, mind pedig unáris elágazást engedélyez.
 A BPS nem tesz különbséget a "fej" és a "végszimbólum" között, míg az X-bar elmélet néhány verziója megköveteli ezt a megkülönböztetést.

A BPS két alapvető műveletet foglal magában: "egyesítés" és "áthelyezés". Bár aktív vita folyik arról, hogy pontosan hogyan kell megfogalmazni a "lépés" fogalmát, a jelenlegi javaslatok közötti különbségek viszonylag csekélyek. A következő leírás Chomsky eredeti (angol nyelvű) javaslatát követi.

Az egyesítés olyan funkció, amely két objektumot (mondjuk α és β) vesz fel, és ezeket címkével egyesíti rendezetlen halmazba (α vagy β, ebben az esetben α). A címke azonosítja a kifejezés tulajdonságait.

Egyesítés (α, β) → {α, {α, β}}

Például az "egyesítés" működhet a "drink" és a "water" lexikai tételeken, hogy "drink water" (ivóvíz) legyen. Megjegyezhetjük, hogy angolban az "drink water", sokkal inkább viselkedik igeként, mint például főnévként. Vagyis bárhol lehet az ige drink, a "drink water" kifejezés is:

I like to _ (drink)/(drink water). * (Drinking/Drinking water) __ is fun.

Ezenkívül a "drink water" kifejezést általában nem lehet ugyanarra a helyre tenni, mint a főnév water-t:

Azt lehet mondani: "There's some water on the table", de nem "There's some drink water on the table".

Tehát a nyelvi fordulatot címkével azonosítjuk. A "drink water" esetében a címke drink, mivel a kifejezés igeként működik. Az egyszerűség kedvéért ezt a mondatot igemondatnak (VP) hívják. Ha a "cold" és a "water" összeolvadnak, hogy "cold water"-t kapjanak, ez egy főnévi csoport (NP) lenne a "water" címkével; ebből az következik, hogy a "cold water" jelenhet meg ugyanabban a környezetben, mint a főnév water a három vizsgált mondat felett. Tehát a drink water-hez a következők tartoznak:

Egyesítés (drink, water) → {drink, {drink, water}}

Ez egy tipikus szintaxisfában a következőképpen ábrázolható:

vagy, több technikai kifejezéssel, mint:

Az egyesítés már felépített szerkezeteken is működhet. Ha nem működne, akkor egy ilyen rendszer csak a két szóval járó kifejezéseket jósolja grammatikusnak. Ha egy új fej egyesül egy korábban formált objektummal (kifejezéssel), akkor a függvénynek meg kell adnia annak formáját.

Egyesítés (γ, {α, {α, β}}) → {γ, {γ, {α, {α, β}}}}

Itt γ a címke, tehát γ "kivetül" a fej címkéjéből. Ez megfelel a következő fa szerkezetnek:

Az Egyesítés vakon működik, és minden lehetséges kombinációban kivetíti a címkéket. A fej alkategorizációs tulajdonságai ezután engedélyeznek bizonyos címkevetületeket, és alternatív vetületekkel kiküszöbölik az összes levezetést.

Fázisok
A fázis egy szintaktikai tartomány, amelyet Noam Chomsky 1998-ban állított fel. Egy egyszerű mondat gyakran bomlik két fázisra, CP és vP (lásd X-vonás elmélet). Egy alkotóelem mozgatása egy fázistól (általános esetben) csak akkor megengedett, ha az alkotóelem először a fázis bal szélére mozog. Ezt a feltételt a fázis áthatolhatatlanság állapotában írják le, amelyet az irodalomban különféleképpen fogalmaztak meg. Az eredeti koncepció szerint csak a vP tranzitív és unergative igék alkotnak csoportokat. A vP passzív elemek és az unaccusative igék (ha még jelen van) nem számítanak csoportnak. Ez a téma azonban az irodalomban jelenleg vita tárgyát képezi. Azt is javasolták, hogy a TP a nyelvtől függően frázis legyen.

Erős minimalista tézis (SMT)
2016-ban Chomsky és Berwick együtt írták a Why Only Us című könyvet, ahol meghatározták a Minimalista Programot és az Erős Minimalista Tézist. Berwick és Chomsky szerint az erős minimalista tézis kijelenti: "Az optimális helyzet az lenne, ha az UG a legegyszerűbb számítási elvekre redukálódna, amelyek a számítási hatékonyság feltételeivel összhangban működnek. Ezt a sejtést angolul Strong Minimalist Thesis-nek (SMT) hívják."

Kritikák
Az 1990-es évek végén David E. Johnson és Shalom Lappin közzétette Chomsky minimalista programjának első részletes kritikáját. Ezt a műszaki munkát élénk vita követte a minimalizmus támogatóival a program tudományos státusáról. Az eredeti cikk több választ váltott ki  valamint további két válasz- és viszontválasz jelent meg a témában ugyanazon folyóirat későbbi kiadásaiban.

Lappin és mások azt állítják, hogy a minimalista program radikális eltérés a korábbi Chomskyánus nyelvészeti gyakorlattól, amelyet nem új empirikus felfedezések motiválnak, hanem inkább a tökéletesség iránti általános vonzerő, amely empirikusan nem motivált és annyira homályos, hogy falszifikálhatatlan. Összevetik ezt a paradigmát a nyelvkutatók által a természettudomány más történelmi paradigmaváltásaival, és arra a következtetésre jutnak, hogy a minimalista program "tudomány nélküli forradalom" volt, elsősorban Chomsky nyelvészeti tekintélye által vezérelve. A Természetes nyelv és a Nyelvi elmélet 18. kötet 4. számú cikkének (2000) több válasza a minimalista program számos különféle védekezését tartalmazza. Egyesek azt állítják, hogy ez valójában nem forradalmi vagy valójában nem széles körben elfogadott, mások egyetértenek Lappin és Johnson véleményével ezekben a pontokban, ám úgy véli, hogy a megfogalmazás homályossága nem probléma, mivel inkább kutatási program, mint elmélet helyét tükrözi. (lásd fent).

A közelmúltban a Prakash Mondal könyvhosszúságú kritikát tett közzé a nyelvtani minimalista modellről, amely számos ellentmondást, következetlenséget és paradoxont mutatott be a rendszer formális struktúrájában. Legfőképpen, kritikája meglehetősen szorosan megvizsgálja a nyelv természetével kapcsolatos meglehetősen bárgyú és elterjedt feltevések vagy axiómák elfogadásának következményeit, amint azt a minimalista modellből következő nyelvi központ jósolja.

Jegyzetek

Fordítás

Mondattan
Nyelvészet
Lapok ellenőrizetlen fordításokkal


text:
Za Bakdaz: The Unfinished Opera è il terzo e ultimo album di inediti del cantante tedesco Klaus Nomi, pubblicato postumo nel 2008.

Descrizione
Registrato tra il 1979 e il 1983, l'album contiene una serie di registrazioni eseguite con George Elliott e Page Wood per un ipotetico terzo album che però non vide mai la luce a causa della prematura scomparsa di Nomi. Rubber Band Laser è la versione primordiale del quasi omonimo brano contenuto nell'album Simple Man, Valentine's Day è presente nella colonna sonora del film Romeos del 2011, mentre Silent Night è una versione inedita del noto brano natalizio.

Tracce
(CD) Heliocentric USA 2008

 High Wire (Edwin Astley) – 2:04
 Valentine's Day (George Elliott, Klaus Nomi, Page Wood) – 2:49
 Enchanté (George Elliott, Klaus Nomi, Page Wood) – 4:31
 Overture (George Elliott, Klaus Nomi, Page Wood) – 2:42
 Cre Spoda (George Elliott, Klaus Nomi, Page Wood) – 3:03
 Metronomi (George Elliott, Klaus Nomi, Page Wood) – 2:44
 Intermezzo (George Elliott, Klaus Nomi, Page Wood) – 1:16
 Za Bakdaz (Live) (George Elliott, Klaus Nomi, Page Wood) – 3:09
 Perne-A-Gyre (George Elliott, Klaus Nomi, Page Wood) – 2:56
 Finale (George Elliott, Klaus Nomi, Page Wood) – 2:34
 Rubber Band Laser (Joey Arias, Tony Frere) - 2:21
 Silent Night (Tradizionale) - 1:38

Promozione
Da questo album fu estratto un singolo:

Za Bak Daz / Silent Night
(CD) Heliocentric USA 1998
 Za Bak Daz (1979) - 5:24
 Silent Night - 1:43
 In questo singolo, uscito dieci anni prima dell'omonimo album, Za Bak Daz è scritto in maniera leggermente differente.
 La traccia Za Bak Daz contiene cinque versioni del brano.

Crediti
 Klaus Nomi: voce e cori
 George Elliott: chitarra e basso
 Page Wood: batteria
 Michael Halsband, Curtis Knapp, Page Wood: immagine di copertina
 Album prodotto da Ron Johnsen

Note

Collegamenti esterni

Album del 2008


text:
Bart van Muyen (born 19 December 1982 in Rotterdam) is a former Dutch professional footballer who played during his career as a defender for FC Dordrecht and FC Oss in the Dutch Eerste Divisie.

External links
 Voetbal International

1982 births
Living people
Dutch footballers
FC Dordrecht players
TOP Oss players
Eerste Divisie players
Footballers from Rotterdam

Association football defenders
ASWH players


text:
General Sir Cameron Gordon Graham Nicholson,  (30 June 1898 – 7 July 1979) was a British Army officer who served as Adjutant-General to the Forces. He later served as Governor of the Royal Hospital Chelsea.

Military career
After being educated at Wellington College, Berkshire and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, Cameron Nicholson was commissioned into the Royal Artillery in July 1915. He served in the First World War and was awarded Military Cross and Bar in 1918. The citation for his MC reads:

Nicholson served with the Royal Horse Artillery in France, India, Iraq, Palestine and Egypt from 1917 to 1927. He served as an instructor at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich from 1927 to 1930, attended the Staff College, Camberley from 1931 to 1932, and then worked as an instructor at the Staff College from 1938 to 1939.

He served in the Second World War and was awarded Distinguished Service Order and Bar in 1940. The beginning of the war in September 1939 found him still at the Staff College as an instructor, but this came to an end in February 1940, after which he was posted to the 45th Infantry Division, then commanded by Major-General Desmond Anderson, as a General Staff Officer Grade 1 (GSO1). He was not there for long, however, as towards the end of April he was requested by Major-General Bernard Paget to be his chief of staff. Paget had been selected to command 'Sickleforce' in the Norwegian campaign. The idea behind this ultimately doomed expedition was the British and French response to the German invasion of Norway, a consequence of which led to British and French troops being sent to Narvik in the north and to Namsos and Åndalsnes in Central Norway, with the British and French given the task of expelling the Germans from the major port of Trondheim, which lay between them. Paget's 'Sickleforce' consisted mainly of the 148th Infantry Brigade, a poorly trained and equipped Territorial Army (TA) formation, which had already landed at Åndalsnes and was by that time at the village of Dombås, on the road to the town of Lillehammer, and the 15th Infantry Brigade, a well-trained Regular Army formation which had been part of the 5th Division in France with the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) until being withdrawn for the campaign in Norway.

The 148th Brigade had reached Lillehammer where it encountered the Norwegian Army, commanded by General Otto Ruge, and with which it joined forces. Soon afterwards, the brigade was attacked by strong German air and ground forces and the brigade, with a strength of only two instead of three infantry battalions, was forced to give way in great confusion and by the evening of 23 April it had been forced back all the way down the Gudbrandsdalen, the valley through which the main road ran from the Norwegian capital of Oslo to Trondheim. By now it was no longer a worthy fighting formation. Nicholson and Paget themselves arrived in Norway on 25 April along with the 15th Brigade, which relieved the 148th Brigade. The 15th Brigade was up to strength with three infantry battalions and fought skillfully in engagements at Kvam, Kjoren and Otta but was forced to withdraw, which it did so in an orderly fashion, causing heavy damage to the Germans who were pursuing them. By now, the situation in Norway was hopeless and Paget, believing his objective to be unattainable, received orders on 27 April to evacuate 'Sickleforce' from Norway. The Royal Navy achieved this with little additional loss.

Following this disastrous campaign, Nicholson returned to the United Kingdom, where he went to the 18th Infantry Division as its GSO1, a position he held until October when he was promoted to the rank of brigadier and again came into contact with Paget, this time to serve as his deputy while Paget himself was serving as Deputy Chief of the General Staff (DCGS) of Home Forces. The Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces at this time was General Sir Alan Brooke, and this brought Nicholson into contact with Brooke, who later became Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS). The objective at this time, shortly after the BEF had been evacuated from France along with the French surrender had completely transformed the war situation for the United Kingdom, and the country was preparing itself for a potential German invasion.

He was appointed Commander of the Support Group of the 42nd Armoured Division in 1941 and then second-in-command of the 6th Armoured Division in 1942. In 1943 he became Brigadier General Staff for the 1st Army.
 In February 1943 Field Marshal Erwin Rommel launched an assault, known as the Battle of the Kasserine Pass, on units of the British First Army in Tunisia. Nicholson proved an effective combat leader who kept his remaining forces steady under relentless German hammering. The stubborn resistance of the British Nickforce, led by Nicholson, enabled British Forces to hold the vital road leading into the Kasserine Pass against the heavy pressure of the German 10th Panzer Division, which was under Rommel's direct command.

In 1944 he became General Officer Commanding 44th Indian Armoured Division, a post he held until 1944. He then became successively GOC 21st Indian Infantry Division, GOC 2nd Division, GOC 5th Indian Infantry Division and then GOC 2nd Division again – all of which commands were held while fighting in Burma.

Post-war
In 1946 he became Director of Artillery at the War Office and then in 1948 he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of West Africa Command.
Then in 1951 he was made General Officer Commanding-in-Chief for Western Command. Then in 1953 he became Commander in Chief Middle East Land Forces. That same year he also made a visit to East Africa at which time units were engaged in the Mau Mau Uprising. He became Adjutant General later in 1953 and retired from the British Army in 1956.

He was ADC General to the Queen from 1954 to 1956.

He was also Colonel Commandant of the Royal Artillery from 1950 to 1960 and Colonel Commandant of the Royal Horse Artillery from 1956 to 1960.

He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1945, advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1953 and made Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in 1954. He was also appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1943 and a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1950.

Retirement
He was also Master Gunner, St James's Park from 1956 to 1960. He was Governor of the Royal Hospital Chelsea from 1956 to 1961.

Bibliography

References

External links
Generals of World War II

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1898 births
1979 deaths
Royal Artillery officers
British Army personnel of World War I
British Army generals of World War II
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Military Cross
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
English cricketers
Devon cricketers
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
Academics of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
Academics of the Staff College, Camberley


text:
Borassus es un género con 10 especies de plantas con flores perteneciente a la familia  de las palmeras (Arecaceae).

Distribución y hábitat
Es nativa de las regiones tropicales de África, Asia y Nueva Guinea.

Descripción
Se trata de altas palmeras , capaces de crecer hasta los 30 m de alto.  Las hojas son largas, en forma de abanico, de 2 a 3 m de longitud. Las flores son pequeñas, densamente agrupadas en espigas, seguidas por grandes y redondos frutos de color marrón.

Usos
Son económicamente útiles y ampliamente cultivadas en las regiones tropicales. Esta palma ha sido durante mucho tiempo uno de los más importantes árboles de Camboya y la India, donde se utiliza de 800 formas diferentes.  Las hojas se utilizan para esteras, canastos, abanicos, sombreros, paraguas, y como  material de escritura. En Indonesia, las hojas de esta planta eran utilizadas anteriormente en la antigua cultura como papel, conocido como Lontar y también es un símbolo de Camboya pues este árbol  crece en torno a Angkor Wat. Los Khmer lo llaman Tnaot. Puede vivir 100 años o más.

Las hojas de tamaño adecuado de forma y textura, con la suficiente madurez, son elegidas y entonces sazonadas y hervidas por ebullición en agua salada con cúrcuma en polvo. Las hojas se secan y cuando están lo suficiente secas, son pulidas con piedra pómez. Luego se cortan en el tamaño adecuado con un agujero en una esquina. De cada hoja saldrán cuatro páginas parecidas al papiro. La escritura se hace con  lápiz.

Los tallos se utilizan para fabricar cercas y producir también una fuerte fibra adecuada para cordeles y cepillos.  La madera es de color negro, dura, pesada y duradera y es de gran valor para la construcción.

El árbol también produce muchos tipos de alimentos. Las plantas jóvenes se cocinan como un vegetal o tostadas como alimento.  Los frutos se comen crudos o asados, y las jóvenes semillas también son comestibles.

Este árbol es muy respetado en la cultura tamil. Es natural, entonces, llamarlo un "karpaha" o árbol celestial, porque todas sus partes sin excepción podría ser utilizada por el hombre. Es el árbol oficial de Tamil Nadu.

Taxonomía
El género fue descrito por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 2: 1187. 1753. La especie tipo es: Borassus flabellifer L.
Etimología
Borassus: nombre genérico que se dice se deriva de borassos, una inflorescencia inmadura de la palmera datilera, pero el por qué Linneo utilizó este nombre no está claro.

Especies

Borassus aethiopum Mart.
Borassus akeassii Bayton, Ouédr. & Guinko
Borassus flabellifer L.
Borassus heineanus Becc.
Borassus madagascariensis (Jum. & H.Perrier) Bojer ex Jum. & H.Perrier

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Imágenes en Google


text:
Siebeneichen est une commune allemande du Schleswig-Holstein, située dans l'arrondissement du duché de Lauenbourg (Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg), à neuf kilomètres à l'est de la ville de Schwarzenbek. Siebeneichen est l'une des 15 communes de l'Amt Büchen dont le siège est à Büchen.

Commune au Schleswig-Holstein


text:
Manje Gowda is an Indian educationist and philanthropist based in Bangalore, India. He is the co-founder and chairman of Vidya Soudha Group Of Institutions and Managing Trustee of Sri Manjunatha Seva Trust which runs educational institutions in Bangalore, Hassan and Mysore districts in the southern Indian state of Karnataka.

Early life and education
Gowda was born in Ankanahally village near Gorur in Hassan, Karnataka. He is married to H.S Sudha, daughter of former minister  H. C. Srikantaiah and they have two sons. He completed is Bachelor of Engineering from Malnad College Of Engineering in Hassan, Karnataka and Masters Degree in Engineering from Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, Karnataka and MBA Degree from Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka. He later went on to complete PhD Degree from Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, Karnataka under Faculty Of Engineering. He served in Government Of Karnataka starting his career in Karnataka Public Works Department and went on to become the General Manager of Karnataka State Financial Corporation (KSFC) until his retirement in 2014.

Social activities
Gowda is currently involved in several activities in promoting education, sports and business. Apart from serving as chairman of Vidya Soudha Group Of Institutions he is currently serving as the Vice-President of Karnataka Olympic Association, President of Karnataka Amateur Boxing Association and Zonal Secretary of Boxing Federation of India. He had previously served as President, Bengaluru Management Association (BMA), Chairman of Export Promotion Council For EOUs & SEZs (EPCES), Regional Governing Council, Cochin and Director on the board of Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB).

References

Educationists from India
Indian Institute of Science alumni
1953 births
Living people


text:
San Metodio (m. 311), llamado Ebulio, prelado griego. Se sabe muy poco de su vida y es mencionado en la obra de Jerónimo de Estridón. y en la historia de Sócrates de Constantinopla. Fue sucesivamente obispo de Olimpia, Patara (Licia) y Tiro. Después de haber sido desterrado a Calcidia por las intrigas de los arrianos, sufrió el martirio.

Dedicó buena parte de su obra literaria a contradecir el origenismo. Se conserva una obra completa en griego, un diálogo al estilo de los platónicos que escribió mostrando gran dominio de la lengua: Sobre la virginidad (Symposion e peri hagneias). También hay fragmentos de otros diálogos como: Sobre la Resurrección, Sobre el libre albedrío, Sobre la vida y el actuar razonable.

Su fiesta se celebra el 20 de junio.

Se le autribuyó erróneamente ser el autor del original del "Apocalipsis del Pseudo Metodio", de entre mediados-finales del s. VII (644-690).

Bibliografía
Berthold Altaner, Patrologia, Marietti, Casale Monferrato 1992, ISBN 88-211-6700-3

Enlaces externos

Referencias

Santos de Grecia
Obispos de Grecia
Mártires cristianos de la Antigua Roma del siglo IV
Obispos del siglo IV
Escritores de la Antigua Grecia del siglo IV
Obispos santos
Bizantinos del siglo IV
Santos cristianos de la Antigua Roma del siglo IV
Santos católicos y ortodoxos


text:
Casper Andreas (born September 28, 1972) is a Swedish actor, film director, screenwriter, and film producer based in New York City.  He is openly gay.

Career
Andreas was born in Sweden. He made his feature film debut as a director with the romantic comedy Slutty Summer (2004). Since then, he has directed numerous, award-winning films, including A Four Letter Word (2007), Between Love and Goodbye (2008), The Big Gay Musical (2009), and Violet Tendencies (2010). His most recent film Going Down in LA-LA Land appeared at several film festivals in 2011. Variety suggested that Andreas "shows signs of maturing talent" with this film and called his performance "dangerously sexy."

Andreas has worked with talents such as Mindy Cohn, Alec Mapa, Bruce Vilanch, and Marcus Patrick. He is the head of Embrem Entertainment.

Going Down in LA-LA Land
Based on the literary work of Andy Zeffer, Casper Andreas directed the 2011 film Going Down in LA-LA Land. The film follows a struggling actor, Adam, as he moves to Hollywood and tries to break into the film business. With his friend Nick's urging, Adam takes a role in front of the camera and becomes an instant success ... in gay pornography.
"It's the gay Pretty Woman," states Andreas, "It wasn't meant to glamorize the porn industry in any way, but I needed to show how (Adam) gets seduced by it. Adam loses control."

Kiss Me, Kill Me
In October 2014, Casper Andreas with screenwriter/producer David Michael Barrett launched a funding campaign for a new film project titled Kiss Me, Kill Me.

Filmography

See also
 LGBT culture in New York City
 List of LGBT people from New York City

References

External links

Official website

1972 births
Living people
Swedish male film actors
Swedish film directors
Swedish LGBT screenwriters
Swedish male screenwriters
Gay screenwriters
LGBT film directors
Swedish LGBT actors
LGBT film producers
21st-century Swedish LGBT people


text:
The Juan Bautista Gutiérrez Foundation (Spanish: Fundación Juan Bautista Gutiérrez) is a Guatemalan philanthropic entity that belongs to the Corporación Multi Inversiones (CMI). Juan Bautista Gutiérrez was one of the founders of "Corporación Multi Inversiones". The Foundation was established in 1974 and has since helped several national crises such as the 1976 earthquake, Hurricane Mitch in 1998 and the hospital crisis of 2015.

History
On 3 October 1974, Guatemalan businessmen Dionisio Gutiérrez and Alfonso Bosch, Juan Bautista's son and son-in-law respectively, died in a plane crash while en route to Honduras to assist and support victims of Hurricane Fifi–Orlene. The plane was carrying a shipment of medicines that had been collected by the Rotary Club of Guatemala, but was obstructed by weather conditions and cargo weight near the village of Las Nubes. The descendants of the deceased, owners of companies such as Pollo Campero, Avícola Villalobos and Empacadora Toledo created the "Juan Bautista Gutiérrez Foundation" to centralize a series of social projects that they had carried out for several years.

Earthquake of 4 February 1976 in Guatemala
On 4 February 1976, a 7.5 magnitude earthquake that shook Guatemala destroyed a third of the City and Guatemala and entire villages were reduced to rubble. Approximately twenty-three thousand people died, seventy-six thousand were injured and there were more of one million victims.

After the 1976 Guatemala earthquake, the Foundation took over the reconstruction of the school in the municipality of San Cristóbal Totonicapán, which the inhabitants baptized under the name of the "Juan Bautista Gutiérrez" School; in fact, the Foundation has been active in the operation of the school since then.

Famine in Camotán and Jocotán
On 3 August 2001, the municipality of Jocotán declared "yellow alert" in the municipality, having knowledge of the situation in the communities of the rural area of Corredor Seco. The triggers of this situation were, on the one hand, the decrease in rainfall, and on the other, the lack of income from agricultural wages; this caused a situation of nutritional food insecurity that was evidenced by the increase of malnourished girls, boys and women. The government of President Alfonso Portillo decreed a state of public calamity to mobilize international aid; officially forty-eight fatalities were recognized, but there were rumors of a much higher number.

During the food crisis that has been recorded in Jocotán, Camotán and Olopa, Chiquimula, many private organizations joined the common cause of help. One of them was the Juan Bautista Gutierrez Foundation who generated sources of support for these communities.

Hurricane Mitch
As in the rest of Central America, Hurricane Mitch caused heavy rains that caused landslides and severe flooding, which destroyed six thousand houses and damaged another twenty thousand, forcing the evacuation of more than one hundred thousand people; In addition, floods caused severe crop damage while landslides destroyed arable land throughout the country.4 Transport infrastructure was also damaged, as 1,350 km of roads were destroyed or damaged. In total, the hurricane caused two hundred and sixty-eight deaths in Guatemala.

To help the victims of the hurricane, the Juan Bautista Gutiérrez Foundation provided eighty thousand bags of food in Guatemala, and thirty thousand in Honduras.

2015 Hospital Crisis
On 27 May 2015, in the midst of the acute administrative and political crisis caused by the corruption cases of "La Linea" and "IGSS-Pisa" discovered by the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala, the deficit became evident that affected national hospitals and that prevented the acquisition of food, medicines, payment of services and acquisition of surgical material.

The necessary budget for the proper functioning of the hospitals was four hundred and eighty-three million quetzals, but the budget allocated by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance of Guatemala for 2015 was only two hundred eighty-two million quetzals; They also indicated that it was urgent for the Ministry of Health to pay the debt of one hundred and thirty-three million in 2014, which increased the deficit to 54%

At the end of 2015, the Juan Bautista Gutiérrez Foundation promoted the #GuatePorElRoosevelt movement together with Pollo Campero and Corporación Multi Inversiones (CMI) to make a contribution and reduce the hospital crisis in the country.

Educational programs
The Foundation maintains several educational programs, among which are:

 The educator of the new century.
 Supporting those who support
 University Scholarship Programs

References

External links

Health charities
Organizations based in Guatemala
Organizations established in 1974


text:
Roberto Balado Méndez (February 15, 1969 – July 2, 1994) was a Cuban amateur boxer, who competed from 1986 to 1994. At the 1992 Summer Olympics he won a Gold medal in the men's super heavyweight (+91 kg).

A natural heavyweight, he was Olympic champion (Barcelona 1992), three times world champion (Moscow 1989, Sydney 1991, and Tampere 1993), and five times Cuban national champion. He was also the winner of the Val Barker Trophy for Outstanding Boxer at the 1992 Olympic Games.

Balado was at his prime, looking forward to win many forthcoming events, considered by some boxing experts to be the world's second-best fighter after Félix Savón (who competed one weight division below), and being one of the favourites of the 1995 Pan American Games and 1996 Olympics, but died in a car accident.

At the time of his death, age 25, he had 250 fights, with a record of 238 victories, and 12 losses.

Early years
Balado was born in Jovellanos, Matanzas, on February 15, 1969. Before his first birthday, the family came to live in Old Havana and shortly thereafter they moved to the El Palenque neighborhood (La Lisa), next to the La Lisa bridge.

He was 14 when he took up boxing, and soon participated in the National School Games.

Career
In 1984, Cuba's long-time Olympic heavyweight Teófilo Stevenson, although retaining physical strength and staying in shape, and even aspiring to win the fourth gold medal in the 1984 Olympic Games (which Cuba ultimately boycotted,) already needed to pass the torch and find a suitable alternate for the Cuban National Boxing Team.

Raúl Fernández's promotional transfer to the Orbeín Quesada training center, headquarters of the National Athletic Selection, played a decisive role in the formation and subsequent consecration of Balado.

Regarding the Balado's ascent to the national team, Alcides Sagarra pointed out: "Raúl spoke with me of the boy and without any hesitation I agreed to get him trained in the 'Finca.' He began to show progress and very soon his was something more than just learning. He was always willing to help in the sparrings, and he didn't care about the name of the opponent in front of him."

Cuban sport officials questioned the decision to include Balado as the Cuban representative in the superheavyweight class to compete at the 1989 World Championships in Moscow, but he proved the critics wrong and won the event.

Highlights

 XXV Playa Girón National Championships (91 kg), San Jose de las Lajas, Cuba, January 1986:
1/8: Defeated Ambrosio Moro (Cuba) RSCH 2
1/4: Defeated Wilder Cervantes (Cuba) by unanimous decision, 5–0
1/2: Defeated Francisco Bouly (Cuba) by unanimous decision, 5–0
Finals: Lost to Félix Savón (Cuba) KO 2
 Golden Belt Tournament (91 kg), Bucharest, Romania, 1986:
Finals: Defeated Svilen Rusinov (Bulgaria)
 XXII Friendship Games (+81 kg), Szolnok, Hungary, August 1986:
Finals: Defeated Tigran Terterian (Soviet Union) RSC 1
 XXVI Playa Girón National Championships (91 kg), Holguín, Cuba, January 1987:
1/16: Defeated Alberto Almeida (Cuba) RSCH 1
1/8: Defeated Reinaldo Dreke (Cuba) RSC 1
1/4: Defeated Juan Cause Delis (Cuba) by unanimous decision, 5–0
1/2: Defeated Victor Ispuria (Cuba) by unanimous decision, 5–0
Finals: Lost to Félix Savón (Cuba) by unanimous decision, 0–5
Gee-Bee Tournament (91 kg), Helsinki, Finland, April 1987:
 Defeated Georgy Likov (Bulgaria) by decision
 Defeated Gytis Juškevičius (Soviet Union) KO 3
 Lost to Yevgeniy Sudakov (Soviet Union) by unanimous decision, 0–5
 Intercup (91 kg), Hemsbach, West Germany, April 1987:
1/2: Defeated Wiesław Dyła (Poland) by unanimous decision, 5–0
Finals: Defeated Fred Kaddu (Uganda) by unanimous decision, 5–0
 Golden Belt Tournament (91 kg), Bucharest, Romania, 1987:
Finals: Defeated Petr Bornescu (Romania) by decision
 IV Youth World Championships (91 kg), Havana, Cuba, June 1987:
1/4: Defeated Frank Beckström (East Germany) RSC 1
1/2: Defeated Peter Stettinger (West Germany) RSC 3
Finals: Defeated Vyacheslav Sedov (Soviet Union) RSC 3
 Simón Bolivar Cup (+81 kg), Caracas, Venezuela, September 1987:
Finals: Defeated A. Golotyan (Soviet Union) by unanimous decision, 5–0
 XVIII Central America and the Caribbean Championships (91 kg), San José, Costa Rica, November 1987:
Finals: Defeated Emilio Payne (Costa Rica) RSC 2
 XXVII Playa Girón National Championships (91 kg), Sancti Spiritus, Cuba, January 1988:
1/8: Defeated Pedro Montalvo (Cuba) by majority decision, 4–1
1/4: Defeated Daniel Alonso Zamora (Cuba) by unanimous decision, 5–0
1/2: Defeated Juan Cause Delis (Cuba) by split decision, 3–2
Finals: Lost to Félix Savón (Cuba) by unanimous decision, 0–5
 XXXIX Strandzha Cup (91 kg), Sofia, Bulgaria, February 1988:
1/2: Defeated Svilen Rusinov (Bulgaria) by majority decision, 4–1
Finals: Lost to Andrzej Golota (Poland) by split decision, 2–3
 XXVIII Playa Girón National Championships (91 kg), Guantánamo, Cuba, January 1989:
1/16: Defeated Jose Sayu (Cuba) RSC 2
1/8: Defeated Pedro Montalvo (Cuba) by unanimous decision, 5–0
1/4: Defeated Raul Gonzalez (Cuba) RET 2
1/2: Defeated Juan Cause Delis (Cuba) by unanimous decision, 5–0
Finals: Lost to Félix Savón (Cuba) by unanimous decision, 0–5
 XXII Giraldo Córdova Cardín Tournament (+91 kg), Pinar del Río, Cuba, June 1989:
1/4: Defeated Sergey Kravchenko (Soviet Union) by decision
1/2: Defeated Roberto Camilo (Cuba) by decision
Finals: Defeated Armando Camouzano (Cuba) by decision
 VII Military Spartakiad of the Friendly Armies of the Socialist Countries (+91 kg), Sliven, Bulgaria, June 1989:
Finals: Defeated Sergey Kravchenko (Soviet Union) by majority decision, 4–1

 World Championships (+91 kg), Moscow, Soviet Union, September 1989:
1/4: Defeated Svilen Rusinov (Bulgaria) 23–6
1/2: Defeated Maik Heydeck (West Germany) 20–2
Finals: Defeated Aleksandr Miroshnichenko (Soviet Union) 18–9
 XXIX Playa Girón National Championships (+91 kg), Cienfuegos, Cuba, January 1990:
1/8: Defeated Livan Álvarez (Cuba) 33–7
1/4: Defeated Osvaldo Castillo (Cuba) RSC 3
1/2: Defeated Fidel César (Cuba) PTS
Finals: Defeated Armando Camouzano (Cuba) 61–23
AIBA World Championships Challenge (+91 kg), Berlin, Germany, March 1990:
 Defeated Larry Donald (United States) 51–20 (5 rds)
XXIII Giraldo Córdova Cardín Tournament (+91 kg), Manzanillo, Cuba, May 1990:
1/8: Defeated Adonis Conti (Cuba) KO 1
1/4: Lost to Roberto Camilo (Cuba) DQ 2
U.S. Olympic Cup, North America–Europe Duals (+91 kg), Exhibition Hall, Salt Lake City, Utah, June 1990:
 Defeated Bert Teuchert (Germany) by unanimous decision, 3–0 (5 rds)
II Goodwill Games (+91 kg), Seattle, Washington, July 1990:
1/4: Lost to Yevgeniy Belousov (Soviet Union) RSCI 1
 TSC Tournament (+91 kg), Berlin, East Germany, October 1990:
1/2: Defeated Arnold Vanderlyde (Netherlands) 30–27
Finals: Lost to Maik Heydeck (Germany) 23–26
 IV World Cup (+91 kg), Bombay, India, November 1990:
1/8: Defeated Maik Heydeck (Germany) PTS (5 rds)
1/4: Defeated Raj Kumar Sangwan (India) PTS (5 rds)
1/2: Defeated Vernon Linklater (Canada) RET 3
Finals: Defeated Svilen Rusinov (Bulgaria) 18–12
 XXX Playa Girón National Championships (+91 kg), Camagüey, Cuba, January 1991:
1/16: Defeated Ramon Marino (Cuba) RSC 1
1/8: Defeated Juan Quesada (Cuba) 25–5
1/4: Defeated Adonis Conti (Cuba) 35–6
1/2: Defeated Alexis Rubalcaba (Cuba) 14–5
Finals: Defeated Armando Camouzano (Cuba) 16–9
AIBA World Championships Challenge (+91 kg), Bangkok, Thailand, February 1991:
 Defeated Vartan Vartanyan (Soviet Union) 45–12 (5 rds)
 King's Cup (+91 kg), Bangkok, Thailand, April 1991
Finals: Defeated (no data available)
 XXIV Giraldo Córdova Cardín Tournament (+91 kg), Sancti Spiritus, Cuba, June 1991:
1/4: Defeated Freddy Reguerifero (Cuba) 26–0
1/2: Defeated Roberto Camilo (Cuba) 18–3
Finals: Defeated Juan Cause Delis (Cuba) 6–4
 XI Pan American Games (+91 kg), Havana, Cuba, August 1991:
1/4: Defeated Samson Poʻuha (United States) 15–7
1/2: Defeated Elio Ibarra (Argentina) PTS
Finals: Defeated Harold Arroyo (Puerto Rico) KO 1
 World Championships (+91 kg), Sydney, Australia, November 1991:
1/4: Defeated Andreas Schnieders (Germany) RSC 1
1/2: Defeated Svilen Rusinov (Bulgaria) 21–7
Finals: Defeated Yevgeniy Belousov (Soviet Union) 20–12
XXXI Playa Girón National Championships (+91 kg), Pinar del Río, Cuba, January 1992:
1/16: Defeated Adonis Conti (Cuba) 34–7
1/8: Defeated Osvaldo Castillo (Cuba) 19–0
1/4: Defeated Luis Lazaro Ulacia (Cuba) 13–2
1/2: Defeated Armando Campuzano (Cuba) 11–1
Finals: Not contested Leonardo Martínez Fizz (Cuba)

 BOXAM Cup (+91 kg), Barcelona, Spain, February 1992:
1/2: Defeated Tom Glesby (Canada) 9–3
Finals: Defeated José Ortega (Spain) RSC 2
AIBA World Championships Challenge (+91 kg), Tampa, Florida, March 1992:
 Lost to Larry Donald (United States) 14–16 (5 rds)
 XXV Giraldo Córdova Cardín Tournament (+91 kg), Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, May 1992:
1/8: Defeated Juan Cause Delis (Cuba) 7–1
1/4: Defeated Alexis Rubalcaba (Cuba) 8–2
1/2: Defeated Adonis Conti (Cuba) 23–11
Finals: Defeated Osvaldo Castillo (Cuba) 21–4
 XXV Summer Olympics (+91 kg), Barcelona, Spain, July 1992:
1/16: Defeated Tom Glesby (Canada) 16–2
1/4: Defeated Larry Donald (United States) 10–4
1/2: Defeated Brian Nielsen (Denmark) 15–1
Finals: Defeated Richard Igbineghu (Nigeria) 13–2
 XXXII Playa Girón National Championships (+91 kg), Matanzas, Cuba, January 1993:
1/8: Defeated Arnaldo Alfonso (Cuba) 24–0
1/4: Defeated Frank González (Cuba) RSC 1
1/2: Defeated Luis Lazaro Ulacia (Cuba) 14–5
Finals: Defeated Roberto Camilo (Cuba) 11–0
AIBA World Championships Challenge (+91 kg), Istanbul, Turkey, February 1993:
 Defeated Richard Igbineghu (Nigeria) 13–5 (5 rds)
Europe–North America Duals (+91 kg), Berlin, Germany, March 1993:
 Defeated Svilen Rusinov (Bulgaria) 6–0
 XXVI Giraldo Córdova Cardín Tournament (+91 kg), Sancti Spiritus, Cuba, May 1993:
1/4: Defeated Osvaldo Castillo (Cuba) 5–0
1/2: Defeated Leonardo Enrich (Cuba) 6–0
Finals: Defeated Armando Camouzano (Cuba) 8–2
 VII World Championships (+91 kg), Tampere, Finland, June 1993:
1/8: Defeated Jerry Nijman (Netherlands) 13–1
1/4: Defeated Joel Scott (United States) 8–0
1/2: Defeated Oleg Maskaev (Uzbekistan) KO 3
Finals: Defeated Svilen Rusinov (Bulgaria) 10–1
Cuba–USA Duals (+91 kg), Mississippi Coast Coliseum, Biloxi, Mississippi, September 1993:
 Defeated Ed Mahone (United States) by unanimous decision, 5–0
 XVII Central American and Caribbean Games (+91 kg), Ponce, Puerto Rico, November 1993:
1/4: Defeated Harold Arroyo (Puerto Rico) RSCH 1
1/2: Defeated Anibal González (Dominican Republic) RSC 1
Finals: Defeated Rómulo Suárez (Venezuela) RSC 1
XXXIII Playa Girón National Championships (+91 kg), Ciego de Avila, Cuba, January 1994:
1/8: Defeated Isbey Rodriguez (Cuba) RSC 2
1/4: Defeated Juan Ortega (Cuba) RET 2
1/2: Defeated Luis Lazaro Ulacia (Cuba) 8–2
Finals: Not contested Leonardo Martínez Fizz (Cuba)
AIBA World Championships Challenge (+91 kg), Dublin, Ireland, March 1994:
 Defeated Yevgeniy Belousov (Russia) by split decision, 3–2 (5 rds)
 XXVII Giraldo Córdova Cardín Tournament (+91 kg), Cienfuegos, Cuba, May 1994:
1/2: Defeated Raj Kumar Sangwan (India) RET 1
Finals: Defeated Luis Lazaro Ulacia (Cuba) PTS
 VIII World Cup (+91 kg), Bangkok, Thailand, June 1994:
1/8: Defeated Christophe Mendy (France) 24–4 (5 rds)
1/4: Defeated Mikhail Yurchenko (Kazakhstan) 18–10 (5 rds)
1/2: Defeated Svilen Rusinov (Bulgaria) 13–6 (5 rds)
Finals: Defeated Oleg Maskaev (Uzbekistan) by walkover

Death
On July 2, 1994, Roberto Balado was driving to train at the headquarters of the Cuban team at the Holveín Quesada National School of Boxing (Escuela Nacional de Boxeo "Holveín Quesada,") but didn't make it as he died in a crash at a train crossing in Havana.

References

External links

Roberto Balado Partial Record (Amateur Boxing Results)
Amateur career of Roberto Balado (in Spanish) compiled by Pedro Cabrera Isidrón of the Cuban Olympics Committee. Last updated: September 17, 2008

1969 births
1994 deaths
Olympic boxers of Cuba
Super-heavyweight boxers
Olympic gold medalists for Cuba
Boxers at the 1991 Pan American Games
Boxers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Road incident deaths in Cuba
Olympic medalists in boxing
Cuban male boxers
AIBA World Boxing Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games gold medalists for Cuba
Pan American Games medalists in boxing
Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Cuba
Competitors at the 1993 Central American and Caribbean Games
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in boxing
Competitors at the 1990 Goodwill Games
Medalists at the 1991 Pan American Games
People from Matanzas Province
20th-century Cuban people


text:
Haapsalu (tysk og ) er en by i landskabet Läänemaa i det nordvestlige Estland.

Haapsalu ligger på Estlands vestkyst og har  indbyggere. Den er hovedby for amtet Läänemaa og kommunen Haapsalu. Haapsalu er et gammelt bispesæde og er siden, i lighed med Pärnu, blevet kendt som kurby, idet havbunden omkring byen er præget af sort slam, der anvendes til mudderbade. Byen var det foretrukne kursted for den russiske tsarfamilie og fik i den anledning en jernbaneforbindelse. Den er nu atter nedlagt, men byens stationsbygning rummer det estiske jernbanemuseum.

Haapsalu var indtil 2. verdenskrig et kulturelt centrum for Estlands svenske mindretal, der boede i egnene nord for byen og i Haapsalu bl.a. havde en svensk afdeling af det lokale gymnasium. Befolkningsgruppen mindes endnu i Aibolands Museum, der beskæftiger sig med den svenske kultur.

Haapsalus mest besøgte seværdighed er Bispeborgen, der delvis er en ruin, men også rummer byens største protestantiske kirke, der af navn er domkirke. Domkirken er kendt for sin "hvide dame" (Valge daam), et optisk fænomen. Endvidere findes en estisk-ortodoks kirke. Byen er herudover præget af lave træhuse og af sin beliggenhed på to lave næs, der omslutter flere mindre vige.

I Haapsalu boede i en stor del af sin barndom den nu svenske illustrator Ilon Wikland, der har doneret mange af sine originale værker til et galleri i byen.

Galleri

Referencer

Ekstern henvisning

 Aibolands Museum for den estlandssvenske kultur

Byer i Estland


text:
Rybie – wieś w Polsce położona w województwie mazowieckim, w powiecie pruszkowskim, w gminie Raszyn.

Wieś szlachecka położona była w 1580 roku w powiecie warszawskim ziemi warszawskiej województwa mazowieckiego. W latach 1975–1998 miejscowość należała administracyjnie do województwa warszawskiego.

Miejscowość jest siedzibą rzymskokatolickiej parafii św. Bartłomieja Apostoła należącej do dekanatu raszyńskiego.

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

 Strona internetowa parafii w Rybiu

Wsie szlacheckie I Rzeczypospolitej (województwo mazowieckie)
Rybie (powiat pruszkowski)


text:
The Lancaster Barnstormers (colloquially known as the Stormers) are an American professional baseball team based in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. They are a member of the North Division of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, a "partner league" of Major League Baseball. The Barnstormers have played their home games at Clipper Magazine Stadium in the city's Northwest Corridor since 2005.

The team's name, selected in a fan ballot, refers to the tradition of "barnstorming," which means to travel around an area appearing in exhibition sports events, especially baseball games. The term was used to describe Lancaster's baseball teams as early as 1906 when the Lancaster Daily Intelligencer reported, "There was a crowd of between seven and eight hundred persons out on Friday to see the Lancaster barnstormers play the Philadelphia Giants." Their original primary logo incorporated the colors red, navy blue, and khaki previously used by the Lancaster Red Roses of affiliated Minor League Baseball from 1940 to 1961. The name and logo also allude to Lancaster's Pennsylvania Dutch agricultural heritage.

History

Prior Lancaster teams

Baseball first came to Lancaster County in the 1860s by soldiers returning home from the Civil War. They learned the rules while serving in the military and wanted to continue playing. The very first professional baseball teams in Lancaster were the Lancaster Lancasters and the Lancaster Ironsides. The Lancasters played in the Keystone Association while the Ironsides played in the Eastern League, both starting in 1884. The following season, the Lancasters joined the Eastern League, and the two teams became rivals. They competed against each other for fan support, league affiliation, and money at the gate. At its peak, insults and refusals to play against each other were the norm. The teams finally agreed to play each other at the end of the 1884 season, in which the Ironsides defeated the Lancasters after seven very close games. Only the Lancasters continued play the next season.

In the 1894 to 1895 seasons, a team called the Lancaster Chicks played in the Keystone Association. An all-African-American team called the Lancaster Giants followed in 1887, and many Lancastrians supported the team despite the social pressure of the day. The Giants hosted many exhibition games against the Philadelphia Giants of the Keystone Club.

Between 1896 and 1899, the first team called the Lancaster Maroons played in the original Atlantic League. In 1905, the second inception of the Maroons played in the Tri-State League.

In 1906, the Maroons became the Lancaster Red Roses. As both teams were named for the opposing factions in England's historic Wars of the Roses, the name change infuriated the rival White Roses from the nearby city of York.

The Barnstormers

In 2003, the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball formally announced an expansion team for the city of Lancaster. In November 2004, the Barnstormers announced the signing of Tom Herr, a Major League Baseball veteran and Lancaster native, as the team's first manager. The Barnstormers' were set to begin competition in 2005 at the newly built Clipper Magazine Stadium.

On May 11, they lost their first game, 4–3, to the Atlantic City Surf, in front of 7,300 fans. They finished the 2005 season with a record of 64 wins and 76 losses. In finishing the first half of the 2006 season with a record of 38–25, the Barnstormers qualified for their first Atlantic League playoff berth. They also won the second half, posting a record of 37–26. After defeating division challenger, Atlantic City, in the first round of the playoffs, the Barnstormers swept the Bridgeport Bluefish to win their first Atlantic League championship, in only their second season. Pitcher Denny Harriger threw a complete game, breaking a franchise record for consecutive pitches. It was the city of Lancaster's first professional championship since 1955, when the former Red Roses won the Piedmont League title. The Barnstormers played in the 2012 Atlantic League Championship Series but were ultimately defeated by the Long Island Ducks in Game 5. In 2012, the Lancaster Barnstormers set an Atlantic League record with 88 wins.

Herr managed the team from 2005 to 2006 and from 2009 to 2010. In 2008, the Barnstormers were coached by Von Hayes, a former teammate of Herr from the 1989 and 1990 Philadelphia Phillies. Rick Wise, the winning pitcher for the Boston Red Sox in Game 6 of the 1975 World Series, is also a managerial alumnus of the Lancaster Barnstormers. He was the team's third base coach from the inaugural 2005 season to the end of the 2008 campaign. Herr, in his second term, was succeeded by Butch Hobson.

The Lancaster Barnstormers were originally owned by Opening Day Partners (ODP), a company that specializes in baseball club and stadium operations. ODP also created Atlantic League clubs in York, Pennsylvania, Southern Maryland, and Sugar Land, Texas. On November 12, 2014, ODP transitioned their ownership of the Barnstormers to Lancaster Baseball, LLC. Lancaster Baseball consists of  Ian Ruzow, Rob Liss, Steve Zuckerman, and Bob Zuckerman. Ian Ruzow was born in South Africa and moved to the USA in 1980. The other three partners are all natives of New York, and all four have lived in Lancaster for 40 years. Steve Zuckerman, Ian Ruzow and Bob Zuckerman were the founders of Clipper Magazine, with Rob Liss joining them a few years later. Clipper Magazine has owned the naming rights to the stadium since 2005.

Logos and uniforms

The primary colors of the Barnstormers are red, black, khaki, and white. These are similar to the colors previously used by the Red Roses to reflect the area's baseball heritage. The primary logo consists of a typical red barn outlined in black with a curving baseball. Unlike most sports logos, the geographical location is prominently featured rather than the team nickname, thus emphasizing the Lancaster community. In 2011, the Barnstormers substituted black for navy blue and unveiled three agriculture-themed alternate logos: a hex sign, a weather vane, and the barn-planked "LB" initials. The hex-sign logo incorporates the team's initials and a Pennsylvania Dutch design complete with a baseball and two crossed bats. Additionally, it includes two red roses symbolizing Lancaster's nickname, "Red Rose City."

For the 2019 season, Atlantic League clubs partnered with Outdoor Cap for its on-field headwear. The Barnstormers home cap is red, charged with a stylized cursive L in white with black and khaki outline interweaving with a curving baseball. The home jerseys are white with red piping and the cursive "Stormers" wordmark across the front in red and black. The away jersey is solid gray, featuring the blocked "Lancaster" wordmark in red with black outline. The alternate jersey is red with the L cap logo. The Barnstormers wear red belts, socks, and undershirts with all uniforms.

In 2016, the Atlantic League partnered with Rawlings to design unique catcher's gear for all eight teams. The design for the Barnstormers features a golden sunrise over a red barn, symbolizing the Lancaster County's agricultural heritage.

Season-by-season records

 3 Atlantic League Championships (2006, 2014, 2022)

Culture

War of the Roses

Radio and television

Every Barnstormers game was broadcast on WLAN (1390 AM) and WPDC (1600 AM) by Dave Collins, their announcer. Select home games are televised on Blue Ridge Cable-11. However, the cost of airtime became too expensive so all games are now only streamed on YouTube.

Mascot

The Lancaster Barnstormers' mascot is an anthropomorphic, red cow named Cylo. He wears the team's home jersey with striped socks and retro-style sneakers. Cylo debuted on March 4, 2005, at the Mascot Roller Mill in the Lancaster County village of Mascot. His name in full is Cyloicious L. Barnstormer, alluding to Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young and to silos, representing the county's agricultural heritage. The mascot was designed by the Raymond Entertainment Group, which also produces the Phillie Phanatic's costume.

Roster

Retired numbers

 42 (Jackie Robinson) 2B, Retired throughout professional baseball on April 15, 1997

Major League Baseball alumni

References

External links

 Lancaster Barnstormers (official website)
 Lancaster Barnstormers Booster Club

Atlantic League of Professional Baseball teams
Culture of Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Professional baseball teams in Pennsylvania
Sports in Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Opening Day Partners
Baseball teams established in 2003
2003 establishments in Pennsylvania


text:
El GOES 9, conegut com a GOES-J abans d'entrar en servei, va ser un satèl·lit meteorològic operat per la National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration dels Estats Units com a part del sistema Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite. Va ser llançat en el 1995, i va funcionar fins al 2007 quan va ser retirat i va ser elevat a una òrbita cementiri. En el llançament, el satèl·lit tenia una massa de 2.105 kg, i una vida útil prevista de funcionament de tres anys. Va ser construït per Space Systems/Loral, basat en el model de satèl·lit LS-1300, i va ser el segon dels cinc satèl·lits de la sèrie GOES-I en ser llançat.

Llançament

El GOES-J va ser llançat des d'un coet Atlas I de International Launch Services, enlairant-se des del Launch Complex 36B al Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. El llançament es va produir a les 05:52:02 GMT del 23 de maig. Després del llançament es va col·locar en una òrbita geoestacionària a una longitud de 90° Oest per les proves en òrbita. Quan això es va completar, es van traslladar a 135° Oest, on va assumir les operacions GOES-WEST.

Operacions
El GOES 9 va patir d'una fallada de disseny amb el Imager i el Sounder, amb un dels dos conjunts fallant en el 1997. Si l'altre també hagués fallat, hauria fet que el sistema deixi de funcionar. Aquesta error també es va produir en el satèl·lit GOES 8, però, es va corregir abans que el GOES 10 fos llançat.

En el juny de 1998, el GOES 9 va experimentar un problema amb un dels seus dos volants de reacció, que s'utilitza per controlar la seva orientació. S'estava consumint més energia del que s'esperava, i amb la generació de soroll, visible en algunes de les imatges que es van rebre. Després que l'altra roda va començar a desenvolupar el mateix problema, al juliol, es va prendre la decisió de substituir el GOES 9 amb el satèl·lit de recanvi, GOES 10. El GOES 10 es va fer càrrec de les imatges al final de juliol, i va arribar a 135° Oest a l'agost. Després de la substitució, el GOES 9 es va moure de nou a 105° Oest, i es va col·locar en emmagatzematge com a recanvi. Es va reactivar el desembre de 2001 per a l'avaluació de la seva càmera i les rodes de reacció, després de la qual cosa es va tornar a col·locar en emmagatzematge.

Substitució del GMS-5
En el 2003, el GOES 9 va ser reactivat de nou, i arrendat a la Japan Meteorological Agency com un reemplaçament per al satèl·lit GMS-5 a 155° Est, després que es pretengués la substitució, el MTSAT-1, no va aconseguir arribar a l'òrbita. Es va mantenir en aquesta posició fins que el MTSAT-1R va començar a funcionar el novembre de 2005, moment en el qual el GOES 9 es desactiva de nou i es col·loca en emmagatzematge. Va ser retirat permanentment de servei i elevat a una òrbita cementiri el 14 de juny de 2007.

Vegeu també

 1995 en els vols espacials

Referències

Satèl·lits artificials
1995 en els vols espacials


text:
Biografia
Rimase orfana del padre a tre anni. Alla morte della madre nel 1572, salì sul trono di Navarra suo fratello maggiore Enrico, che aveva sposato la principessa Margherita di Valois. In seguito alla morte di Enrico III di Francia, nel 1589, divenne anche re di Francia, col nome di Enrico IV, in quanto parente prossimo degli estinti Valois. In seguito a questa seconda incoronazione Caterina divenne duchessa d'Albret e contessa d'Armagnac.

Suo fratello la diede in sposa a Enrico I di Lorena, figlio di Carlo III di Lorena e della principessa Claudia di Valois. Il matrimonio venne celebrato il 31 gennaio 1599 a Saint Germain en Laye. Essendo lei calvinista, come sua madre, ed Enrico cattolico, re Enrico chiese senza successo una speciale dispensa del papa Clemente VIII per far celebrare il matrimonio. Le nozze si poterono svolgere solo grazie all'intervento dell'Arcivescovo di Reims.

Caterina muore senza avere figli. Nel 1606 suo marito sposerà in seconde nozze Margherita Gonzaga.

Ascendenza

Note

Voci correlate
Regno di Navarra
Ducato di Lorena

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Caterina
Caterina
Caterina


text:
La faune de Burgess est le nom des restes d'une faune originale, et exclusivement marine, composée d'annélides et de chordés présentant une grande diversité de formes et de tailles. Elle  a été découverte par hasard en 1911 par le géologue américain Charles Doolittle Walcott. Le nom vient du site Burgess situé dans le Parc national de Yoho au Canada, sur les pentes du mont Wapta.

Description
Les fouilles débutées en 1911 se poursuivirent jusqu'en 1917, et se conclurent par la collecte de plus de  spécimens déposés à l'Institut Smithsonian de Washington. À la fin des années 1960, le professeur Harry Whittington entreprit de réviser le travail de Walcott, et après de nombreuses observations des fossiles à la chambre claire, il conclut à leur caractère original, du point de vue des plans d'organisations.

Cette faune (majoritairement benthique) présente 140 espèces répartie en 119 genres, 37 % sont des arthropodes. Elle contient un riche assortiment d'éponges et d'algues, sept espèces de brachiopodes, dix neuf espèces de trilobites à parties dures, quatre espèces d'échinodermes et un ou deux mollusques ou cœlentérés.

C'est à cette époque, au cours du Cambrien, entre -528 et -510 millions d'années, que se sont mis en place les différents schémas d'organisation actuels, lors de ce qui est appelé « l'explosion du Cambrien ». Pour Stephen Jay Gould, le Schiste de Burgess présente une disparité anatomique qui n'a jamais été égalée depuis et que n'approche pas la totalité des animaux actuels, la différence étant éteinte.

Certains des plans d'organisation de la faune de Burgess étaient inconnus et ne sont plus représentés actuellement. Par la suite, on a retrouvé des faunes similaires au Groenland, en Europe, en Chine, en Australie ainsi qu'en Amérique du Nord.

Bibliographie
 Stephen Jay Gould, La vie est belle, Éditions du Seuil, 1991
 .

Voir aussi
 Effet Signor–Lipps
 Explosion cambrienne
 Schistes de Burgess
 Vauxia

Notes et références

Liens externes
 L'explosion de la diversité
  Site officiel de la faune de Burgess

Paléontologie au Canada