text:
Roslyn Judith "Judy" Wilyman is an Australian anti-vaccination activist who came to prominence following the controversial award of a humanities PhD titled "A critical analysis of the Australian government's rationale for its vaccination policy" by University of Wollongong. The thesis came under heavy criticism from multiple directions, including medical professionals, due to claims within the thesis, including advancing a conspiracy theory whereby the World Health Organization (WHO) and the pharmaceutical industry supposedly conspire to promote vaccinations in the absence of evidence of safety and efficacy. The awarding of the degree created questions about the standards being applied and whether or not the thesis supervisors and examiners had sufficient knowledge to oversee the research, and led to calls for the university to review the doctorate. A number of individuals and medical organisations – including academics and researchers from other parts of the University of Wollongong – spoke out against the findings of the thesis, emphasising the need for vaccinations in order to prevent serious disease; and the University of Wollongong was criticised for a perceived lack of transparency in their doctoral process and an alleged failure to uphold standards of scholarship.

The thesis was conducted from within the university's School of Humanities and Social Inquiry, under the primary supervision of cultural studies professor Brian Martin and the co-supervision of sociologist Andrew Whelan. Although describing himself as "hardly a neutral observer", Martin argued that the questions raised about the work equate to biased attacks on Wilyman and himself. The university responded to the criticism by asserting that the research was conducted and examined under high standards, and spoke in defence of academic freedom. The University of Wollongong also agreed to conduct a review into their overall doctoral process, but the scope did not include specific PhD recipients, and therefore did not address Wilyman's work.

Prior to the PhD, Wilyman had already received some attention for her assertion that the parents of Dana McCaffery, a child who died of pertussis, has "cashed in" on their daughter's death following the award of a prize to the McCafferys by Australian Skeptics – they had donated the money to charity.

More recently, she has been criticised for speaking at anti-vaccination events and for charging large sums for "expert reports" in court cases, despite having no medical qualifications.

Background
Judith Wilyman was awarded a Masters by University of Wollongong (UOW) in 2007 in the Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts; her thesis topic was the Australian government's pertussis vaccine policy. Her thesis alleges a connection between vaccinations and autism, a claim that was already convincingly refuted, and false claims that vaccines do not control whooping cough.

By 2009, Wilyman was a member of the Australian Vaccination-risks Network (AVN), an anti-vaccination group, and coordinates two anti-vaccination groups; Vaccination Decisions and Vaccination Choice.

In 2011 Wilyman opposed the cancer-preventing HPV vaccination saying evidence about the vaccine's benefits were not clear, and it was reported that she claimed that vaccinations are linked to autism. HPV vaccination has significantly reduced rates of cervical cancer, and is thought to have the potential to eliminate it altogether.

In 2012 she caused controversy after the death of a child from whooping cough, questioning "whether the family had been paid to use their daughter's death to promote vaccine", causing the family of the deceased to request that Wilyman not use their daughter's death in furthering her agenda.

In 2013, the Australian Medical Association (AMA) criticised the university's decision to fund Wilyman to attend a conference in the US. Wilyman was provided with $3,000 by the university to present a paper opposing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations. The conference was organised by predatory open access publishing company OMICS Publishing Group, which has also been criticised for running predatory meetings with no effective standards for speaker selection. In response to the criticism of Wilyman's trip, the university's Dean of Research, Tim Marchant, stated that the university upheld the principles of academic freedom and, accordingly, it was important to support Wilyman and the presentation of differing viewpoints, even when they were controversial. Brian Martin, who was supervising Wilyman's research, also supported the decision, arguing that attending the conference was a valuable experience for Wilyman.

Questions of misconduct concerning Wilyman's Masters thesis were raised in 2014, and were investigated and cleared in 2015.

The Australian reported that "Wilyman [was] shielded from critics" by the university in 2014 when their media office refused a request to promote the 44th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Australasian Society for Immunology, to be held at a Novotel Hotel in Wollongong. The reason given was that, if the conference "will be discussing vaccinations, we should steer well clear of doing any publicity. We don't want to inflame any opponents of ... Judy Wilyman." According to the university, they were attempting to limit "the vicious and repeated attacks being directed ... towards a then student"

PhD award
Wilyman entered a PhD a program in 2007 in the same UOW Faculty as awarded her Masters, but with her research focus expanded to cover Australian vaccination policy more generally. In 2008, the supervision of her studies was transferred to Peter Dingle at Murdoch University, and returned to UOW in 2011 under Brian Martin. The thesis was accepted by UOW in 2016. Although details of the examiners have not been released, in May 2016 The Australian reported that one of two original examiners did not recommend that a PhD be granted. It was passed after a third academic evaluated the thesis and recommended changes.

The thesis came under heavy criticism from multiple directions, including medical professionals, due to claims within the thesis, including advancing a conspiracy theory that the World Health Organization (WHO) and the pharmaceutical industry supposedly conspire to promote vaccinations in the absence of evidence of safety and efficacy. The awarding of the thesis lead to criticism and questions about the standards being applied and whether or not the thesis supervisors and examiners had sufficient knowledge to oversee the research and led to calls for the university to review the doctorate. A number of individuals and medical organisations – including academics and researchers from other parts of the University of Wollongong – criticised the findings of the thesis, emphasising the need for vaccinations in order to prevent serious disease; and the University of Wollongong was criticised for a perceived lack of transparency in their doctoral process and an alleged failure to uphold standards of scholarship.

The university responded to the criticism by asserting that the research was conducted and examined under high standards, and spoke in defence of academic freedom. The University also agreed to conduct a review into their overall doctoral process, but the scope did not include specific PhD recipients, and therefore did not encompass Wilyman's work.

Doctoral claims
Biological scientist Helen Petousis-Harris writes that the thesis abstract contains conclusion, and quotes Wilyman's aim of her thesis as an attempt to "assess the rigour of the claims supporting the efficacy, safety and necessity for the use of an expanding number of vaccines in the Australian Government's National Immunisation Program". Brull reports that according to supervisor Martin, Wilyman's thesis makes four major points:

 Wilyman claims that the death rates from diseases in Australia had declined before most vaccines were introduced, leading to a suggestion that other factors may have had a role in the reduced infection rate.
 It is alleged in the thesis that Australia's vaccination policy follows international models, rather than being based on local conditions.
 In her thesis, Wilyman claims that there is a conflict of interest when research on vaccination is conducted by pharmaceutical companies.
 She alleges that some areas of research which relate to vaccination policy have not been examined, even though there may be value in doing so.

Other, more specific, claims include that the World Health Organization (WHO) formed a secret committee, which in turn orchestrated "hysteria relating to a global swine flu pandemic in 2009" and that the organisation is "perceived to be out of touch with global communities and … controlled by the interests of corporations and the World Bank".

At one stage during Wilyman's candidature, Australian immunisation expert and advisor to the WHO Peter McIntyre offered to advise her on her research, but withdrew his offer as she was "not willing to entertain" alternative points of view that contradicted her beliefs. Wilyman's PhD thesis falsely claims that "diseases for which vaccines are recommended have not been demonstrated to be a serious risk to the majority of children".

Medical academics and the Australian Medical Association (AMA) have questioned whether Martin had sufficient knowledge to supervise the thesis, with McIntyre observing "No doubt the examiners selected have credentials within that area of study but they are likely to lack necessary credentials in health sciences that would enable them to be aware of the full picture here". Similarly, an editorial in The Australian was harshly critical of both Wilyman and the University. It dismissed the central idea of the thesis as "rather like a sociologist who insists that jet aircraft remain aloft only because of a conspiracy between aeronautical engineers and greedy airlines" and noted the problem of academic overreach, with the faculty presuming to judge the quality of work well outside its area of expertise. It characterised the University of Wollongong as putting itself on the wrong side in a "battle of life and death", and questioned whether the granting of the PhD "could 'reasonably be expected' to lead to lower levels of vaccination?"

Academic health science sector responses
University of Auckland biological scientist Helen Petousis Harris, who has a PhD in Vaccinology, was highly critical of the thesis and writes:
Wilyman's "references to support these outrageous comments are from the bottom dwelling literature that includes 50-year-old discussions along with well-established, thoroughly debunked pseudoscience. At no point does she mention any of the vast scientific literature that includes large clinical and epidemiological studies - or attempt a critique of it."
"It is [a] litany of deceitful reveries. How it could possibly pass as a piece of Doctoral level work is inexplicable and it has made no contribution to knowledge. Shame on you University of Wollongong."

Saxon Smith, president of the NSW branch of the AMA, characterised it as "a thesis that's talking about the science of medicine without any support of its argument from credible scientific literature", adding "the evidence is clear about the safety of vaccines."

Alison Campbell, an associate dean and biological sciences lecturer at the University of Waikato, produced a blistering analysis criticising the use of out-of-date references as well as pointing out numerous scientific errors in Wilyman's master's work, including calling the unexplained exclusion of two of four types of vaccine components "an alarming omission for a paper on immunisation".

The Medical Journal of Australia criticised the university in awarding a PhD to a student "demonstrating a glaring lack of understanding of immunology and vaccine science," suggesting that unless legislation keeps the anti-vaccination movement in check "we are ushering in a dangerous time."

John Dwyer AO, emeritus professor of medicine at the University of New South Wales, wrote: "[Ms Wilyman] has endorsed a conspiracy theory where all sorts of organisations with claimed vested interests are putting pressure on WHO to hoodwink the world into believing that vaccines provide more benefits than they cause harm. Many well-established concepts in science are being challenged in this thesis with no data to support the conclusions provides [sic]." He pointed out that numerous leading scientists and at least five major scientific organisations are criticising the university for rewarding poor scholarship and asking that the thesis be re-examined by experts in immunology and epidemiology, which is what the thesis addresses.

In a February 2016 media-release the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP) directly questioned suggestions of bias from Wilyman. In challenging central arguments of her thesis, the RACP highlighted that the TGA is the regulatory body responsive to the monitoring and investigation of any adverse events and any significant concerns around vaccination safety.

University response
Responding to the criticism of the thesis from several medical researchers and public health advocates who called for a review by the university's academic board, the university reiterated that research is conducted under strict standards, and that they do not "restrict the subjects into which research may be undertaken just because they involve public controversy or because individuals or groups oppose the topic or the findings".

In January 2016, the Vice Chancellor of the university, Paul Wellings, announced a review into the doctoral process. However, the review did not examine specific doctorates, and therefore did not look at the awarding of Wilyman's PhD. Upon completion, the university's report found that their higher degree research policies and procedures were consistent with those at other comparable Australian universities. Immunology academic John Dwyer noted that even though the university's review made some "excellent recommendations for improving the postgraduate research students' experience", it "failed to address the vital question of matching the scientific question to be examined to the expertise of the supervisor and the ultimate reviewers".

According to the university, all theses are examined by two people with "unchallengeable knowledge in the field of study", but the university does not reveal the identities of the examiners or their respective academic fields. In March 2016, the university's compliance officer turned down a request to identify the examiners, arguing that "the examiners would be offended, humiliated or intimidated by the conduct of the media and the public once their names are released", concerned for "their physical, psychological or emotional wellbeing" and noting that current privacy laws forbid the release of the information.

John Dwyer AO responded that the names of examiners would not have been required if the university had agreed to re-examine the thesis, adding "as we know they are social scientists not clinical scientists". In a rebuttal the Australian Skeptics considers UOW's statement of a possible "detrimental effect on the [examiner's] physical ... wellbeing" to be verging on a libellous depiction, as it "suggest[s] that the community critical of the PhD may physically attack the examiners".

Remonstrations
In response to UOW and Wilyman's thesis an online petition called Stop the University of Wollongong's Spread of Disease and Death Via Anti-Vaccination PhD was established in January 2016 and attracted over 2,100 signatures within the first few weeks. The petition reportedly states that UOW's acceptance of the thesis "demonstrates an anti-scientific culture at the University of Wollongong that is inimical to scholarship".

At the same time over sixty of the university's health and medical academics and researchers jointly signed a statement that "the evidence is clear" in support of vaccination urging all parents to ensure their children are fully immunised, Public Health Association of Australia president Heather Yeatman said the 65 academics wanted to clarify the scientific position and point out they are firmly behind vaccination and that "Universities need to publish papers based on sound evidence and the balance of evidence in relation to any matter".

A week later, representatives from 12 medical research and clinical societies also signed a supporting statement on behalf of 5,000 scientists and clinicians in the fields of microbiology, virology, immunology and infectious diseases concerned about vaccine-preventable diseases in the community. Eminent research biologist Sir Gustav Nossal was one of signatories, and Jonathan Iredale who drafted the statement said "It's not about academic freedom; it's an academic issue. If the thesis comes from poor scholarship then that is something the university must deal with".

In the Elsevier journal Vaccine three months later, UoW's executive dean of the Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, researcher and toxicologist Alison Jones, co-authored a paper in-part referring to Wilyman, and in discussing the balance of good public health versus unchecked academic freedom stated:
"there is the very real potential for feral academic liberty and free speech to do harm ... this is particularly pertinent in the field of child health, where two recent controversial "scholarly" vaccine contributions ... could undermine community confidence in immunisation and immunisation uptake ... by suggesting scientific doubt where doubt is not warranted on the basis of the evidence available... [Wilyman has] repeated the discredited claims of a link between vaccines and autism, without providing compelling scientific evidence to support her claim".

Martin responded to Durrheim and Jones, arguing that they had misrepresented parts of Wilyman's work.

McIntyre, a senior doctor at the Westmead Children's Hospital, said that Wollongong University "must bear the major responsibility for manifestly inadequate supervision", saying: "It is clear from even cursory examination that Wilyman's thesis, although raising some legitimate questions about gaps in both the process and transparency of immunisation policy development, is based on a highly selective and poorly informed review of the literature, driven by the imperative to support pre-determined conclusions."

Peer review
The March 2019 issue of the journal Vaccine published an article titled "PhD thesis opposing immunisation: Failure of academic rigour with real-world consequences" that stated in its conclusion that Wilyman's "thesis is notable for its lack of evidence of systematic literature review. Despite its extensive claims, there is no primary research, but there is abundant evidence of strong bias in selecting the literature cited and sometimes outright misrepresentation of facts." The authors also criticised Wilyman's use of her PhD to position herself as an expert witness in a family law court case over immunisation.

After graduation
Within two months of University of Wollongong publishing the thesis it was reported that Wilyman was claiming her "PhD provides evidence that all vaccines are not safe and effective and that the combined schedule of vaccines is doing more harm than good in the population through the increase in chronic illness".

In June 2016 The Australian reported that Wilyman was an audience member at a vaccination forum run by the Telethon Kids Research Institute in Perth. Anti-vaccination activists at the event accused the forum members of lying, and heckled, interjected and continuously interrupted the speakers, forcing the event to close early.

Wilyman wrote an open letter to Paul Wellings, the Vice Chancellor of the University of Wollongong asking the university to correct alleged inaccuracies in the Wikipedia article about her research, asserting that criticism of her thesis in the media and by individual scientists was not "a proper scientific debate (but) suppression of the literature using political strategies". She also criticised Alison Jones, a Wollongong academic, for using the university's website to publicise "personal opinions of vaccination". The university responded by saying that they do not endorse or otherwise the views of students or academic staff, and do not curate Wikipedia.

Wilyman, Martin and the Faculty were awarded the satirical Australian Skeptics 2016 Bent Spoon Award for "a PhD thesis riddled with errors, misstatements, poor and unsupported 'evidence' and conspiratorial thinking".

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Wilyman questioned whether there really was a pandemic saying "do not lock down a healthy population under the guidelines of 'social distancing' for a global pandemic when there is no evidence of that pandemic", and challenged health advice by saying "that if you accept this social distancing and banning of gatherings of more than two people, [which] is clearly about population control and not the control of this infectious disease outbreak… then you are accepting the new norm and you've already lost your freedom".

Masters thesis investigation
Wilyman was previously investigated and cleared by the university after allegations relating to her 2007 Masters thesis. After investigating the allegations and clearing Wilyman in 2015, the university declined to publicly release details, but under a Freedom of Information request a small number of documents were released after the Information & Privacy Commission of NSW intervened. In March 2016 there was a further release of hundreds of heavily redacted pages relating to the investigation, after the initial response was appealed. In what text was left unredacted, it showed that the complaint was referred to a high-level conduct committee, which dismissed the complaint after a two-month investigation and took no further action. The documents revealed that Judy Raper, the university's Deputy Vice Chancellor of Research, wrote to Wilyman after the investigation saying that it should not have occurred, that she was "sincerely sorry for this to have happened", and that "academic misconduct processes are not a forum for academic debate".

Political career
Wilyman ran in the 2019 Australian federal election as a candidate for the Western Australia senate as a member of the anti-vaccination/anti-fluoridation, Involuntary Medication Objectors (Vaccination/Fluoride) Party. She was not successful, receiving a very small number of votes (594 on first preference, 0.04% of total; and 3,122 ticket votes, 0.22% of total).

References

Further reading

External links

 University of Wollongong (13 January 2016) press release responding to academic freedom.
 Statement from University of Wollongong health & medical researchers (18 January 2016) - "supporting immunisation".
 11 Medical Research & Clinical Societies statement (27 January 2016) - response to UOW controversy.

Australian anti-vaccination activists
University of Wollongong alumni
Australian conspiracy theorists
Academia in Australia
Criticism of science
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
COVID-19 conspiracy theorists
Controversies in Australia
Academic controversies


text:
Visor om Slutet (Piosenki o końcu) – minialbum folk metalowego zespołu Finntroll. Płyta jest eksperymentem akustycznym. Została wydana w 2003 roku przez Spinefarm Records.

Visor om Slutet był wydany po pasmie nieszczęść jakie spotkały zespół. Album jest dedykowany zmarłemu Teemu Raimorancie. Płyta jest akustycznym eksperymentem, została nagrana w lesie niedaleko Helsinek. Na płycie tej zostały użyte przez zespół instrumenty nietypowe dla muzyki metalowej np. mirliton. Choć płyta nie przypominała dotychczasowej twórczości Finntroll, cieszyła się powodzeniem.

Lista utworów
Na albumie znalazło się jedenaście utworów:

Twórcy
Album tworzyli:
 Sami Uusitalo - gitara basowa
 Samu Ruotsalainen - perkusja
 Henri Sorvali - gitara, keyboard
 Samuli Ponsimaa - gitara
 Teemu Raimoranta - gitara
 Jan Jämsen - wokal
 Tapio Wilska - wokal

Przypisy

Albumy Finntroll
Minialbumy wydane w roku 2003

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Cornel Pacoste (n. 15 iunie 1930, satul Peșteana-Vulcan, județul Gorj - d. 1999) a fost demnitar comunist român, membru de partid din 1955. La căderea regimului comunist, Cornel Pacoste a fost membru al CPEX al PCR și viceprim-ministru al guvernului.

A absolvit Facultatea de Construcții Hidrotehnice din București; a condus Centrul Universitar București. La data de 9 octombrie 1973 a fost numit în funcția de adjunct al ministrului afacerilor externe.  La data de 9 noiembrie 1974 a fost ales membru deplin în CC al PCR. În anii '80 a fost Prim-secretar de partid al județului Timiș iar apoi, până în 1989, a fost vice-prim-ministru. Cornel Pacoste a fost deputat în Marea Adunare Națională în sesiunea (1985 -1989).

După Revoluția din 1989 a fost condamnat la 20 de ani de închisoare pentru complicitate la omor. În anul 1997, pedeapsa sa a fost redusă la 10 ani închisoare.

Distincții
A fost decorat în 16 decembrie 1972 cu Ordinul 23 August clasa a III-a "pentru merite deosebite în opera de construire a socialismului".

Note

Nașteri în 1930
Decese în 1999
Comuniști români
Politicieni români din secolul al XX-lea
Deputați români în Marea Adunare Națională
Membri ai Comitetului Central al Partidului Comunist Român
Prim-secretari ai județelor României (1968-1989)
Decorați cu Ordinul 23 August
Membri ai Partidului Muncitoresc Român
Condamnați


text:
Colin William Moss (30 April 1914 – 16 December 2005) was a British artist and teacher who served as a camouflage designer during World War Two.

Biography

Early life

Moss was born in Ipswich above the family shop and off-licence. His father was killed at Passchendaele in 1917 and Moss and his elder sister were brought up by relatives in Devonport near Plymouth. Moss studied at the Plymouth Art School from 1930 to 1934 before continuing his studies at the Royal College of Art under Gilbert Spencer and Charles Mahoney. For his 1937 diploma show he included the oil painting Hunger Marchers, based on the Jarrow March of the previous year – Moss was, and remained, a socialist who was proud of his working-class roots. He worked on murals for the British Pavilion at the 1939 New York World's Fair.

War-service
When World War Two broke out Moss, like many artists, applied to the Ministry of Home Security to do camouflage work. He became one of the eighty-three camouflage officers and technicians working at the Ministry's Civil Defence Camouflage Establishment at Leamington Spa. When his time at Leamington had come to an end, Moss was given a months leave to record his designs before he transferred to other duties. Moss made a series of watercolours recording the elaborate camouflage scheme he had designed and painted for the Stonebridge Power Station in Wembley. In 1941 he was drafted into the Life Guards and served in the Middle East as a captain before joining the Army Education Corps in Palestine after the war. A number of the pictures he painted at Stonebridge, and others he painted whilst on active service in the Middle East, were subsequently purchased by the War Artists' Advisory Committee and presented to the Imperial War Museum at the end of the conflict.

Post-war
When his military service ended, in 1947, Moss took a teaching post at the Ipswich School of Art and, apart from a short spell with Oskar Kokoschka in Salzburg in 1961, held various positions there until his retirement in 1979. One-man exhibitions at the Kensington Art Gallery, in 1951, and at the Zwemmer Gallery in 1955 led to several national collections acquiring examples of his work. He became a founder member of the New Ipswich Art Group in 1958, and the Six in Suffolk Group in 1976. Moss served as chairman of the Ipswich Art Club for three years and frequently exhibited at both the Royal Academy and the Royal Watercolour Society. During the 1980s retrospective exhibitions of his work were held at the Wolsey Art Gallery in Ipswich in 1981, at the Minories Gallery in Colchester in 1983 and at Bury St. Edmunds Art Gallery in 1987. From 1981 to 1995 Moss was an art critic to the East Anglian Daily Times.
 He continued to hold numerous solo exhibitions after his retirement and could count both Brian Eno and Maggi Hambling among his pupils.

Further reading
Colin Moss Life Observed by Chloe Bennett, published by Malthouse Press, Suffolk 1996.

References

External links

1914 births
2005 deaths
20th-century English male artists
20th-century English painters
Alumni of the Royal College of Art
Artists from Ipswich
British Army personnel of World War II
British war artists
Camoufleurs
English male painters
World War II artists


text:
The Centennial Park group is a fundamentalist Mormon group, with approximately 1,500 members that is headquartered in Centennial Park, Arizona. The Centennial Park group broke with Leroy S. Johnson, leader and senior member of the Priesthood Council of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS Church), in the early 1980s. There is no formal relationship between the FLDS Church and the Centennial Park community. The group is also known as the "Second Ward", "The Work of Jesus Christ" and "The Work".

The Centennial Park group was profiled on the ABC television program Primetime in a story entitled "The Outsiders", and also on The Oprah Winfrey Network's Our America with Lisa Ling. It was also featured in Dawn Porter's television documentary, Dawn Porter: Extreme Wife and on the National Geographic Channel series Polygamy, USA.

History

The Centennial Park group's claims of authority are based around the accounts of John Wickersham Woolley, Lorin Calvin Woolley and others of a meeting in September 1886 between LDS Church President John Taylor, the Woolleys, and others. Prior to the meeting, Taylor is said to have met with Jesus Christ and the deceased church founder Joseph Smith and to have received a revelation commanding that plural marriage should not cease, but be kept alive by a group separate from the LDS Church. The following day, the Woolleys, and others, were said to have been set apart to keep "the principle" alive.

Members of the Centennial Park group see their history as going back to Joseph Smith and to the beliefs he espoused and practices he established. Until the 1950s, Mormon fundamentalists were largely one group.

Priesthood Council split
In the early 1980s, significant disagreement arose regarding the question of the presiding authority of the FLDS Church. This disagreement was over what is called the "one man doctrine". The "one man doctrine" refers to section 132:7 of the Doctrine and Covenants, a part of the open scriptural canon of several denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement, which states that "there is never but one on the earth at a time on whom this power and the keys of this priesthood are conferred".

After two council members, Carl Holm and Richard Jessop, died, Leroy Johnson, as senior member of the Priesthood Council, was responsible for recommending new replacements. However Johnson, believing in the "one man doctrine", made no recommendations for new Priesthood Council members.

Then, on 11 July 1983, Guy Musser died, leaving the council evenly split between those who believed in the one man doctrine and those who did not. The remaining council members who opposed the one man doctrine were Marion Hammon and Alma Timpson.

In February 1984, Johnson's health improved enough for him to speak to the FLDS Church membership. Johnson had seldom participated in fundamentalist meetings for quite some time due to illness. He stated,

"I want to say a few words to these men who sit here on the stand today. [He turned to face J. Marion Hammon and Alma A. Timpson.] The Lord gave you men five and a half years to change your thinking on this principle of having one man holding the sealing powers in the earth at a time, and you have made a miserable mess of it by coming here and preaching over this pulpit that I was about to die because of my attitude towards this principle."Leroy s. Johnson Sermon, page 7:351, held 5 August 1962 in Hilton, as found at in Hilton, "Polygamy in Utah Since the Manifesto", 53.

Six days later, he declared, "I want to tell you, the first thing that is going to take place is the cleaning up of the Priesthood Council. I want to tell these men on the stand, B Brother J. Marion Hammon, and Brother Alma Adelbert Timpson, that from now on, I am throwing you off my back, and I am not going to carry you any more."

Then Johnson dismissed Hammon and Timpson as members of the Priesthood Council and attempts were made to evict residents siding with Hammon and Timpson from their properties owned by the United Effort Plan, which was once a subsidiary organization of the FLDS Church that owns most of the property in Hildale and Colorado City.

Centennial Park ("Second Ward")
On 13 May 1984, the portion of Johnson's followers who were dismissed or left on their own held their first Priesthood Meeting just outside town. They named their group the "Second Ward" and began to refer to those who followed Johnson as the "First Ward." Initially, the Second Ward met in the home of Alma Timpson.

By 27 September 1986, the Centennial Park group had built a meeting house and, in 2003, a charter school was built for the town's growing elementary-age population.

Most of this group lives in Centennial Park City, Arizona (), a town approximately three miles (five km) south of the twin communities of Colorado City, Arizona, and Hildale, Utah, with a small number living in the Salt Lake Valley.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Kingdom of God
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Kingdom of God, also known as the Nielsen/Naylor Group and the "Third Ward", is a group based in the Salt Lake Valley and has around 200 members. It broke with the Centennial Park group after Hammon died in 1988, leaving Alma Timpson as the presiding priesthood leader. Timpson called Frank Naylor as an apostle and Ivan Neilsen as a high priest and later as bishop. Eventually, Naylor and Nielsen disagreed with Timpson's leadership, prompting them to migrate north to Salt Lake County and create the "Third Ward", with Frank Naylor presiding.

Doctrines and practices

The Centennial Park group is led by a Priesthood Council and teaches the doctrine of plural marriage. This doctrine states that a man having multiple wives is ordained by God. The doctrine requires multiple wives in order for a man and his wives to receive the highest form of salvation. Like the members of the FLDS Church, the members of the Centennial Park group practice a form of placement marriage, but men do not solicit marriage. That decision is usually left up to the women, who pray for inspiration from God to show them whom they are meant to marry. The exception to this practice is demonstrated on Polygamy, USA when a young woman in the community requests that the men of the church take over this task, having already prayed for divine inspiration for two years without discovering the identity of her intended spouse. If the Priesthood Council gives a young woman a name the woman is supposed to pray for confirmation from God.

Leaders
J. Marion Hammon (1983–1988)
Alma A. Timpson (1988–1997)
John W. Timpson (1997–present)

See also

 Factional breakdown: Mormon fundamentalist sects
 List of Mormon fundamentalist churches
 List of Mormon fundamentalist leaders
 Mormon fundamentalism

References

External links
 Centennial Park Action Committee, Centennial Park committee website

Latter Day Saint movement in Arizona
Mormon fundamentalist denominations
Mohave County, Arizona
Organizations based in Arizona
Christian organizations established in 1986
1986 establishments in Arizona


text:
L'Île de la reine morte est le  de la série de bande dessinée Papyrus de Lucien De Gieter. L'ouvrage est publié en 2007.

Synopsis

Personnages principaux

Lien externe

Album de Papyrus
Album de bande dessinée sorti en 2007
Album Dupuis


text:
Grdiša(stari hrvatskih naziv "Gradišće") (mađ. Gordisa) je pogranično selo u južnoj Mađarskoj.

Zauzima površinu od 10,88 km četvornih.

Zemljopisni položaj
Nalazi se na 45° 47' 47" sjeverne zemljopisne širine i 18° 14' istočne zemljopisne dužine. Nalazi se 1 km od Drave i 1,5 km od granice s Republikom Hrvatskom.  Najbliža naselja u RH su Donji Miholjac, 6 km prema jugozapadu i Sveti Đurađ, 5 km prema jugu.

Saboč je 1 km zapadno i jugozapadno, gradić Arkanj je 4,5 km sjeverno, kotarsko sjedište Šikloš je 6 km sjeveroistočno, a Maća je 1 km istočno.

Upravna organizacija
Upravno pripada Šikloškoj mikroregiji u Baranjskoj županiji. Poštanski broj je 7853.

Povijest
Grdiša, naselje iz doba Arpadovića (javlja se i u oblicima Geredistye, Gradistye, Hídvég) povijesni izvori prvi put spominju 1251. kao Gradustan, Gradistannéven, 1256. Gradiscam, 1296. Gueredystha (preludem ...vacuam habitatoribusque destitutam ab antiquo in uno loco ultra Drawam iuxta Karasu situatam...Gueredystha vel Hydwygh Vocatam aut vocatas) (Dl.1435, W.X. 229-31).

Grdiša (Geredistye) je pripadalo obitelji Haraszt.

Promet
1 km zapadno od Grdiše prolazi državna cestovna prometnica br. 58.

Stanovništvo
Grdiša ima 312 stanovnika (2001.). Mađari su većina. U selu živi i 14,6% posto Roma, koji u selu imaju manjinsku samoupravu, 3,7% Nijemaca te 1% Rumunja. Preko tri četvrtine stanovnika su rimokatolici, 16% su kalvinisti te ostali.

Izvori
György Györffy:Baranya vármegye

Vanjske poveznice
 Grdiša na fallingrain.com

Naselja u Baranjskoj županiji


text:
Pierre de Murat de Cros, O.S.B., ( 1320 – 1388) was a French monk of aristocratic origins who became a  cardinal of the Avignon Obedience during the Great Schism, as well as the Archbishop of Arles and the Chamberlain of the Apostolic Camera (Latin: Camerarius Apostolicus). Refusing from the day of his election to support Bartolomeo Prignano (Pope Urban VI, the former head of the rival Apostolic Chancellery) after the Papal Conclave of 1378, de Cros played a critical role in delivering a considerable portion of the Roman Curia to the rival claimant Robert of Geneva, who took the name Clement VII. Historian Daniel Williman calls Murat de Cros's actions a "counter-coup".

Early life

Pierre was born in La Chaul in the ancient Province of Limousin. He was the son of Aymar de Murat de Cros, a nobleman of Auvergnat extraction, and of Marie de Montclar. He entered the Order of Saint Benedict in his youth, and after living in several French monasteries became Bishop of Saint-Papoul in July 1362. On 9 June 1370 he was transferred to the Metropolitan See of Bourges.

Pierre was the brother of Jean de Murat de Cros, who became the Bishop of Limoges, and both were cousins of Pope Gregory XI and thus favored by him in the administration of the Curia, after his election in 1370. Jean was named a cardinal-nephew and one of the first cardinals of Gregory XI upon his ascension to the papacy. Pierre, already the Bishop of Bourges and a staff member of the Camera, was named Papal Chamberlain that same year, succeeding the deceased Arnaud Aubert (d. 1371). In 1374, he was given the wealthy Archbishopric of Arles.

Chamberlain of the Camera

Under Gregory XI
Pierre de Cros was the "most important and powerful courtier" of the pope, and their bedchambers were joined by a secret staircase. According to Williman, "it is no exaggeration to say that his powers and functions combined those of a minister of finance, a chief justice and a secretary of state, as well as major-domo of the papal household". He accompanied Gregory XI in the last year of his reign to Anagni from 16 May to 7 November 1377, when the pope relied on him for his "most important correspondence" rather than the Chancellery. De Cros grew suspicious of the intrigues of Bartolommeo Prignano, the acting-head of the Chancellery, hearing that he was attending the meetings of the bandaresi.  Senator Gui de Prohins, named as military governor of Rome by Gregory XI, was not a party to their intrigues, being loyal to the Pope.

Pierre de Cros also controlled the Apostolic Camera (established 1361), the judicial wing of the Camera, which had "absolute and final" jurisdiction over any case affecting the interests of the Camera, even if already pending in front of other ecclesiastical courts, and even if they involved issues of theology. This court was not burdened by the ordo iudiciarius, the slow and formalistic rules of the papal courts, but rather gave expedited and summary rulings.

It was in no small part due to the unwillingness of Murat to coerce the extreme taxation ordered by Gregory XI, that the pontiff found himself bankrupt by his wars against the Visconti and ultimately by the War of the Eight Saints, fought against a coalition of Italy city states led by the Republic of Florence, which instigated rebellion in the Papal States. While Gregory XI was forced to borrow from the Duke of Anjou, Murat excelled at diplomacy, convincing Bologna to relent in exchange for a lifting of the interdict.

De Cros drafted and persuaded his cousin Gregory XI to adopt Futuris peculis on March 19, modifying the laws of the papal conclave. He also persuaded Gregory XI to make Pierre Rostaing, the castellan of Castel Sant'Angelo to swear not to turn over the fortress to any papal claimant without the assent of the six cardinals remaining in the Comtat Venaissin. Fearing for his own life, he moved into the fortress and prepared it for a long siege. Rather than guarding the conclave personally (as he would later do at Fondi), Murat de Cros deputized the Bishop of Valence and Die to perform the task.

During the Western Schism

De Cros did not accept the election of Prignano as Urban VI, and sheltered in Castel Sant'Angelo a group of like-minded cardinals, which included his brother. He met the bardaresi, carrying a battleaxe and followed by a heavily armed entourage, refusing to allow him to escort the cardinals back for a papal coronation ("That fool thinks he's pope? I surely don't consider him pope"). Later in the day Murat de Cros and the other cardinals went to pay homage to Urban VI although he feigned illness to avoid the coronation. He carried on his duties as chamberlain as if Gregory XI were still in power and Urban VI did not exist, refusing to date his letters according to the latter's election.

As Chamberlain of the Camera (Camerlengo),  de Cros held a curial office which was one of the few that did not expire during a sede vacante, as established by the bull Ubi periculum (1274). He persuaded the entire College of Cardinals to convene in Anagni, himself leaving Castel Sant'Angelo between 25 June and 1 July. He issued a formal summons to Prignano to appear before a cameral tribunal in Anagni, and sometime before 10 July declared him excommunicated and deprived of his Archbishopric of Bari. Also under the judicial power of the Apostolic Camera, Murat de Cros received the cardinals on 2 August, and after hearing accounts of the conclave, declared it null and void and the church to continue in sede vacante. This meeting was neither a consistory or a conclave but a tribunal with Murat de Cros presiding as an ordinary judge.

De Cros worked to arrange a meeting of the College of Cardinals at Fondi on 20 September 1378 which elected Robert of Geneva as Clement VII. According to Williman, "de Cros used his huge discretionary powers to make himself virtually a regent or protector, a keeper of the papal power sede vacante". It was at this point that Murat de Cros appointed a new procurator and registrar for the Camera, and assisted Clement VII in turning out copious amounts of official-looking documents.

Cardinal
On 23 December 1383 Clement VII of the Avignon Obedience named him cardinal-priest of the Basilica of Santi Nereo e Achilleo. On the following day he resigned as Camerlengo, but retained the Archbishopric of Arles until January 1388. From that time he was known as Cardinalis Arelatensis, the "Cardinal of Arles". In April 1385 he was legate of Clement VII to Queen Maria of Naples in Villeneuve-lès-Avignon. He died at Avignon on 16 November 1388.

Sources
Dee Cros recounted his version of the outbreak of the Schism in Avignon to the ambassadors of John I of Castile on 30 May 1380. His deposition was edited and published by J. M. H. Albanes in his Gallia christiana novissima (1669).

Legacy
According to Williman, de Cros was instrumental in beginning the Western Schism, and creating a true split in the Western Church without precedent among the antipopes of preceding centuries, who had wielded little popular or international support:
"The Western Schism had its roots within the papal Curia. Even before there were two international obediences, or two popes, even before two legal opinions began to be argued about the validity of the April election, and before the ultramontane cardinals and Urban VI had gone to their separate summer refuges of Anagni and Tivoli, the nucleus of the Curia was split in interest and policy between two ministers, the heads of the Chancery and of the Camera, Bartolomeo Prignano and Pierre de Cros."

References

Bibliography
Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, I, Münster 1913

External links

1320s births
1388 deaths
People from Corrèze
Papal family members
Economic history of the Holy See
Western Schism
14th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in France
French Benedictines
Benedictine bishops
Benedictine cardinals
Archbishops of Arles
Archbishops of Bourges
Apostolic Camera
14th-century French cardinals


text:
Conus aureopunctatus est une espèce de mollusques gastéropodes marins de la famille des Conidae.

Comme toutes les espèces du genre Conus, ces escargots sont prédateurs et venimeux. Ils sont capables de « piquer » les humains et doivent donc être manipulés avec précaution, voire pas du tout.

Description
Description originale : « Coquille petite pour le genre, en forme de navette, avec un large verticille corporel et une constriction proéminente autour du tiers antérieur, produisant un canal antérieur distinct ; coquille brillante, polie ; épaule fortement carénée, avec une carène en forme de bille ; spire élevée, scalariforme ; tiers antérieur de la coquille orné de 10 cordons épais, surélevés, en spirale, chacun séparé des autres par des sillons profondément incisés ; couleur de base de la coquille blanche ; partie lisse du verticille du corps avec 4 rangées de points jaune-orange pâle ; cordons spiralés sur l'extrémité antérieure marqués de points jaune-orange ; verticilles de la flèche lisses, avec de nombreuses flammules orange en forme de croissant ; intérieur de l'ouverture blanc ; périostracum brun, épais et lisse. ».

La taille de la coquille atteint 20 mm.

Distribution
Locus typicus : indiqué par erreur comme étant Golfe du Venezuela, au large de Punto Fijo, dans l'État de Falcon, au Venezuela", mais maintenant corrigé en Cabo Gracias a Dios, à la frontière entre le Honduras et le Nicaragua.

Cette espèce marine d'escargot conique est présente dans la mer des Caraïbes au large du Nicaragua et du Venezuela.

Niveau de risque d'extinction de l'espèce
Selon l'analyse de l'UICN réalisée en 2011 pour la définition du niveau de risque d'extinction, cette espèce se trouve de Puerto Roosevelt, au Guatemala, à Golfo Triste, au Venezuela. Il n'y a pas de menaces connues. Cette espèce est classée dans la catégorie préoccupation mineure.

Taxonomie

Publication originale
L'espèce Conus aureopunctatus a été décrite pour la première fois en 1987 par le malacologiste américain  (1949-) dans la publication intitulée « Charlottesville, Virginia: The Coastal Education and Research Foundation ».

Synonymes
 Conus (Dauciconus) aureopunctatus Petuch, 1987 · appellation alternative
 Gradiconus aureopunctatus (Petuch, 1987) · non accepté

Identifiants taxinomiques
Chaque taxon catalogué par les bases de données biologiques et taxonomiques possède un identifiant qui permet d'établir un point de référence. Les identifiants de Conus aureopunctatus dans les principales bases sont les suivants :
CoL : XWY6 - GBIF : 6510674 - iNaturalist : 431847 - IRMNG : 11812590 - TAXREF : 150716 - UICN : 192784 -

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2013) Catalogue illustré des coquilles coniques vivantes. 517 pp. Wellington, Floride : MdM Publishing.
 Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). Un, quatre ou 100 genres ? Une nouvelle classification des escargots à cônes. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81 : 1-23

Espèce de gastéropodes (nom scientifique)
Conidae
Gastéropode décrit en 1987


text:
Schizophthirus aethogliris är en insektsart som beskrevs av Oskar Kuhn och Ludwig 1965. Schizophthirus aethogliris ingår i släktet Schizophthirus och familjen gnagarlöss. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Gnagarlöss
aethogliris


text:
Филокл () — мужское имя древнегреческого происхождения. Известные носители:
 Филокл (V век до н. э.) — древнегреческий драматург
 Филокл (V век до н. э.) — древнегреческий архитектор
 Филокл (казнён в 405 до н. э.) — афинский флотоводец
 Филокл — царь Сидона (287—262/261)
 Филокл (казнён в 179 до н. э.) — македонский военачальник


text:
Calland may refer to:

 Albert Calland (born 1952), United States Navy
 Albert Calland (footballer) (born 1929), English professional footballer
 Frederic Calland Williams (1911–1977), English engineer
 Lee Calland (born 1941), NFL football player
 Leo Calland (1901–1984), American football and basketball player and coach
 Matt Calland (born 1971), head coach at Halifax RLFC
 Ralph Calland (1916–2005), English professional footballer
 Ted Calland (1932–1995), English professional footballer


text:
With the Lights Out är samlingsbox med Nirvana, utgiven den 23 november 2004. Boxen innehåller 3 CD och 1 DVD, hela 68 tidigare outgivna låtar. Boxens namn är en textrad hämtad från låten "Smells Like Teen Spirit". Boxen innehåller flera versioner av låtar som sångaren Kurt Cobain framför ensam. With the Lights Out nominerades 2005 i kategorin Best Music DVD under Shockwaves NME Awards.

Låtlista

CD 1
 "Heartbreaker" (liveversion från Nirvanas första konsert, Led Zeppelin-cover)
 "Anorexorcist" (Radiouppträdande)
 "White Lace and Strange" (radiouppträdande, Thunder and Roses-cover)
 "Help Me, I'm Hungry" (radiouppträdande)
 "Mrs Butterworth" (demo från repning)
 "If You Must"
 "Pen Cap Chew"
 "Downer" (liveversion)
 "Floyd the Barber" (liveversion)
 "Raunchola"
 "Moby Dick" (Led Zeppelin-cover)
 "Beans" (akustiskt demo)
 "Don't Want It All" (akustiskt demo)
 "Clean Up Before She Comes" (demo)
 "Polly" (akustiskt demo)
 "About a Girl" (akustiskt demo)
 "Blandest"
 "Dive" (demo)
 "They Hung Him On A Cross" (Leadbelly-cover)
 "Grey Goose" (Leadbelly-over)
 "Ain't It a Shame?" (Leadbelly-cover)
 "Token Eastern Song"
 "Even in His Youth" (demo)
 "Polly" (demo)

CD 2
 "Opinion" (akustisk demo från radio)
 "Lithium" (akustisk demo från radio)
 "Been a Son" (akustisk demo från radio)
 "Sliver" (akustiskt demo)
 "Where Did You Sleep Last Night" (akustiskt demo)
 "Pay to Play"
 "Here She Comes Now" (Velvet Underground-cover)
 "Drain You" (demo från repning)
 "Aneurysm" ("Smells Like Teen Spirit" B-sida)
 "Smells Like Teen Spirit" (demo från repning)
 "Breed" (Butch Vig-mixning)
 "Verse Chorus Verse"
 "Old Age"
 "Endless Nameless" (radiouppträdande)
 "Dumb" (radiouppträdande)
 "D-7" (radiouppträdande, The Wipers-cover)
 "Oh, the Guilt" (split-singel från 1993)
 "Curmudgeon" ("Lithium" B-sida)
 "Return of the Rat" (The Wipers-cover)
 "Smells Like Teen Spirit" (Butch Vig-mixning)

CD 3
 "Rape Me" (akustiskt demo)
 "Rape Me" (demo)
 "Scentless Apprentice" (demo från repning)
 "Heart-Shaped Box" (demo)
 "I Hate Myself and I Want To Die" (demo)
 "Milk It" (demo)
 "Moist Vagina"
 "Gallons of Rubbing Alcohol Flow Through the Strip"
 "The Other Improv"
 "Serve the Servants" (akustiskt demo)
 "Very Ape" (akustiskt demo)
 "Pennyroyal Tea" (akustiskt demo)
 "Marigold" (är skriven och sjungs av Dave Grohl)
 "Sappy"
 "Jesus Doesn't Want Me for a Sunbeam" (demo från repning, The Vaselines-cover)
 "Do Re Mi" (akustiskt demo)
 "You Know You're Right" (akustiskt demo)
 "All Apologies" (akustiskt demo)

DVD
 "Love Buzz" (Shocking Blue-cover, låtarna 1-9 är från repningar i Krist Novoselics föräldrars hus 1988)
 "Scoff"
 "About a Girl"
 "Big Long Now"
 "Immigrant Song" (Led Zeppelin-cover)
 "Spank Thru"
 "Hairspray Queen"
 "School"
 "Mr Moustache"
 "Big Cheese" (23 juni 1989, Rhino Records, Los Angeles, Kalifornien)
 "In Bloom" (Tidig version/musikvideo av denna låt, när Nirvana fortfarande var signade på Sub Pop)
 "Sappy" (16 februari 1990, Bogarts, Long Beach, Kalifornien)
 "School" (22 september 1990, The Motor Sports International Garage, Seattle, Washington)
 "Love Buzz" (11 oktober 1990, North Shore Surf Club, Seattle, Washington. Shocking Blue-cover)
 "Pennyroyal Tea" (17 april 1991, OK Hotel, Seattle, Washington)
 "Smells Like Teen Spirit" (17 april 1991, OK Hotel, Seattle, Washington. Första gången denna låt spelades live)
 "Territorial Pissings" (17 april 1991, OK Hotel, Seattle, Washington)
 "Jesus Doesn't Want Me for a Sunbeam" (31 oktober 1991, Paramount Theatre, Seattle, Washington. The Vaselines-cover)
 "Talk to Me" (4 oktober 1992, The Crocodile Cafe, Seattle, Washington)
 "Seasons in the Sun" (Januari 1993. BMG Ariola Studios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Terry Jacks-cover)

Referenser

Noter

Album av Nirvana
Album producerade av Steve Albini
Amerikanska samlingsboxalbum
Samlingsboxalbum 2004
Engelskspråkiga samlingsalbum


text:
Windows Server 2019 – serwerowa wersja systemu operacyjnego Microsoftu będąca częścią rodziny systemów operacyjnych Windows NT. Udostępniona została do sprzedaży 2 października 2018 r.

Nowe funkcje
Do nowych funkcji dostępnych w Windows Server 2019 należą:
 Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL),
 Obsługa Kubernetes (Beta),
 Inne nowe funkcje GUI wprowadzone w Windows 10 wersja 1809:
 Storage Spaces Direct,
 Storage Migration Service,
 Storage Replica,
 System Insights,
 Ulepszony Windows Defender,
 Windows Admin Center.

Edycje
Windows Server 2019 ma trzy główne edycje:
 Datacenter – posiada wszystkie możliwości systemu wraz z nielimitowaną wirtualizacją
 Standard – podstawowa wersja systemu z limitowaną wirtualizacją (umożliwia korzystanie z dwóch środowisk OSE lub maszyn wirtualnych)
 Essentials – dla organizacji z nie więcej niż 25 użytkownikami i 50 urządzeniami

Przypisy

Windows NT
Windows Server


text:
De regionale raad van Alona (Hebreeuws: מועצה אזורית אלונה) is een regionale raad gelegen in het Haifa district.

Nederzettingen
Het gebied is zo'n 27 km² groot en bevat 1600 inwoners. Bij deze raad zijn drie nederzettingen (of mosjaven) aangesloten.

Gemeente in Israël
District Haifa


text:
Luigi Scevola (born Brescia, 1770 – died Milan, 7 August 1819) was an Italian dramatist.

He was born in Brescia, and became a professor of rhetoric there. After the French conquest of the Veneto, he became Secretary of Education (istruzione pubblica). In that position, he defended some of the libraries of the religious institutions from confiscation, including the Biblioteca Queriniana. With the fall of Napoleon in 1815, he lost his position and withdrew to Milan. He is described as a follower of the style of Vittorio Alfieri (Astigiano?), while other note he wrote in the style of Ugo Foscolo.

Scevola was the author of the tragedies La Morte di Socrate (Death of Socrates) in 1804; Annibale in Bitinia (Hannibal in Bythnia) in 1806; Aristodemo; Erode; and Saffo (Sappho) in 1814. One of his plays was the basis of the libretti for Giulietta e Romeo (Romeo and Juliet) by Nicola Vaccai and I Capuleti e i Montecchi by Vincenzo Bellini.

References

Biography at Treccani.it

1770 births
1819 deaths
People from Brescia
Italian dramatists and playwrights
19th-century male writers
19th-century Italian dramatists and playwrights
18th-century Italian dramatists and playwrights


text:
Rodolfo Filemon de Oliveira da Silva (born 29 August 1994), known as Rodolfo Filemon or simply Rodolfo, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Operário Ferroviário, on loan from CSA, as a central defender.

Club career
Born in São Simão, São Paulo, Rodolfo joined Juventus from São Carlos in 2014. He made his senior debut on 19 July of that year, starting in a 0–0 Copa Paulista away draw against Santo André.

In December 2016, after two short loan stints at Grêmio Prudente, Rodolfo was presented at URT, making his senior debut the following 29 January by starting in a 1–0 Campeonato Mineiro home win against Caldense. After featuring in all matches of the tournament, he signed for Santos on 25 May, being initially assigned to the B-team.

On 9 January 2018, Rodolfo returned to his former side URT on loan. On 24 May, he joined Confiança on a permanent contract, after his deal with Santos expired.

In January 2019, Rodolfo joined Série B side Paraná. On 7 January of the following year, after being a regular starter for the club, he agreed to a three-year deal with Coritiba, newly-promoted to the Série A.

Career statistics

References

External links

1994 births
Living people
Footballers from São Paulo (state)
Brazilian footballers
Association football defenders
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série D players
Clube Atlético Juventus players
União Recreativa dos Trabalhadores players
Santos FC players
Associação Desportiva Confiança players
Paraná Clube players
Coritiba Foot Ball Club players
Centro Sportivo Alagoano players


text:
La casa Leopoldo Suqué es un edificio ecléctico de Reus (Tarragona, España) incluido en el Inventario del Patrimonio Arquitectónico de Cataluña.

Descripción
Es una casa de planta baja, entresuelo (todo correspondiente a la zona porticada) y tres pisos más. El conjunto es simétrico. Hay seis módulos repetitivos. Desde la planta baja, en primer lugar, están los pilares de sección cuadrada y formando arcos de medio punto; balcones independientes con postigos, montantes neoclásicos y dos ménsulas para cada unidad. La cornisa está apoyada con ménsulas repetitivas, casi a la misma altura que las correspondientes al Teatro Fortuny y la Casa Beringola y, por último, existe un muro balaustrado con sus correspondientes pilares. Las barandillas de los balcones son todas iguales, con hierros forjados bastante sencillos.

Los bajos del edificio fueron durante muchos años el Café de París, convertido después en el Bar Solsis. Los ocupó también la delegación en Reus de Banca Catalana. Actualmente hay un comercio de óptica.

Historia
La casa, construida en una parte de lo que fue convento de las monjas carmelitas, la construyó Leopoldo Suqué, un importante hacendado y fabricante reusense. Fue uno de los fundadores de la sociedad El Círculo y contribuyó a sostenerla económicamente. La petición del permiso de obra es de 1879 y el plano de la fachada de 1882.

Bibliografía

Referencias

Reus
Edificios de viviendas de Cataluña
Arquitectura de la provincia de Tarragona
Arquitectura de España de los años 1880
Historia de la provincia de Tarragona


text:
Grumentum fu un'antica città romana della Lucania. Attualmente rimangono gli scavi del parco archeologico, situato ai piedi del colle che ospita il paese di Grumento Nova (PZ), nelle immediate vicinanze del lago di Pietra del Pertusillo, in località "Spineta".

Storia
I primi insediamenti abitativi nella zona si possono far risalire al VI secolo a.C., tuttavia la fondazione della città vera e propria risale al III secolo a.C. ad opera dei Romani, nell'ambito della creazione di una serie di avamposti fortificati in posizione strategica realizzati durante le guerre sannitiche: la città sorse infatti quasi contemporaneamente a Venusia (291 a.C.) e a Paestum (273 a.C.).
Da Grumentum passava la via Herculea, tra Venusia e Heraclea, e un'altra strada conduceva alla via Popilia sul versante tirrenico, facendo della città un nodo di comunicazione strategicamente importante.
Durante la seconda guerra punica, vi si svolsero due battaglie tra Romani e Cartaginesi (215 e 207 a.C.). Lo storico Tito Livio narra del primo scontro tra Annone (figlio di Bomilcare) e l'esercito romano condotto da Tiberio Sempronio Longo, e di come nel secondo Annibale si fosse accampato a ridosso delle mura della città e fosse quindi stato sconfitto e costretto alla fuga dai Romani, provenienti da Venosa e guidati da Gaio Claudio Nerone.
Durante la guerra sociale la città si schierò con i Romani e venne distrutta e saccheggiata dagli Italici, attraversando un periodo di crisi e di calo demografico. A partire dalla seconda metà del I secolo a.C. la città venne ricostruita, e una serie di monumenti pubblici vennero edificati in epoca cesariana e augustea. A quest'epoca, o al successivo periodo giulio-claudio risale probabilmente l'attribuzione dello statuto di colonia.
Nel 312 d.C. il giovane martire cristiano Laverio venne decapitato fuori le mura di Grumentum alla confluenza dei fiumi Agri e Sciaura, era il 17 novembre sotto il prefetto Agrippa. Grazie a San Laverio martire Grumentum nel 370 divenne sede episcopale, ma subito dopo iniziò un progressivo abbandono della città e del fondovalle, a causa delle continue incursioni saracene (IX e X secolo). Gli abitanti di Grumentum si sparsero per tutta la Val d'Agri fondando sulle alture circostanti nuovi centri fortificati, che divennero gli attuali paesi della zona: fra questi Saponara, ribattezzata poi Grumento Nova proprio in onore di Grumentum, fondata nel 954 sulla collina sovrastante l'antica città.

Indagini archeologiche

Seicento, Settecento e Ottocento
Le prime indagini storico-archeologiche su Grumentum di cui si hanno notizie sono quelle ad opera di Giovanni Antonio Paglia che, tra il 1563 e il 1564, portò alla luce le prime epigrafi, dando inizio così al dibattito per l'identificazione e la collocazione del sito della colonia romana.
. I primi sterri vengono invece svolti nel Settecento da Carlo Danio, arciprete di Saponara di Grumento (l'attuale Grumento Nova). Importante fu il successivo lavoro di trascrizione delle epigrafi raccolte da Danio nella sua collezione ad opera di Sebastiano Paoli. Nella prima metà dell'Ottocento Andrea Lombardi ha fornito una descrizione dettagliata di ciò che era visibile nel sito di Grumentum, soffermandosi sull'anfiteatro, sulle terme, sull'acquedotto, sulla porta cosiddetta Aquilia. Riferiva che la porta era stata spogliata dei marmi che la decoravano, utilizzati per decorare la Porta di Saponara di Grumento. L'autore ha descritto anche tutti i reperti ritrovati nell'area e ancora presenti nel giardino che era stato di Carlo Danio, fornendone un elenco assai lungo e dettagliato, lamentando la dispersione della collezione. Theodor Mommsen nel 1846 giunse a Saponara di Grumento per raccogliere le testimonianze epigrafiche grumentine: egli si era recato sul posto per vedere sia le epigrafi contenute nel giardino del Carlo Danio, sia quelle sparse nel territorio. Con la nascita del Regno d'Italia l'area archeologica venne assegnata in gestione al Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione, ma non fu ancora scavata sistematicamente: i ruderi degli edifici venivano ancora rinvenuti occasionalmente. Alla fine dell'Ottocento, Giovanni Patroni riporta numerose notizie sul patrimonio epigrafico grumentino e sulla piccola collezione civica che si stava accumulando nella Biblioteca Comunale. Michele Lacava e più tardi Vittorio Di Cicco proseguirono le indagini sul campo per conto del Museo Provinciale di Potenza

Novecento
Agli inizi del secolo l'ispettore Francesco Paolo Caputi pubblicò uno studio sistematico sui ritrovamenti archeologici e sugli studi eruditi relativi a Grumentum dei due secoli precedenti. Nel 1951 Pellegrino Claudio Sestieri avvia una campagna di scavi a partire dal teatro: dopo averne messo in luce una metà, per mancanza di fondi, dovette interrompere l'indagine. In quegli anni era stato anche costruito un piccolo antiquarium per accogliere i reperti rinvenuti a Grumentum. Nel 1961 il Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione dichiara di importante interesse archeologico la zona del teatro, delle terme e dell'anfiteatro. Nel 1964 fu istituita la Soprintendenza alle Antichità della Basilicata; l'indagine fu portata avanti dal primo soprintendente alle antichità della Basilicata, Dinu Adamesteanu, il quale tra il 1964 e il 1968 curò anche il restauro del teatro e pubblicò i risultati degli scavi.

L'area archeologica

Età romana

Urbanistica
L'impianto urbanistico della città, risalente alla fondazione del III secolo a.C. è di forma allungata, in dipendenza dalle condizioni orografiche della collina, e si articola su tre vie principali parallele, intersecate ad angolo retto da vie secondarie. La città era circondata da mura con sei porte, su un perimetro di circa 3 km e occupava una area di circa 25 ettari, di cui solo un decimo è stato riportato in luce.

Architettura pubblica
 Teatro
Teatro di epoca augustea, vicino al quale si trovano i resti di due piccoli templi di epoca imperiale e quelli di una ricca domus, denominata "Casa dei mosaici" per la presenza di pavimenti a mosaico del IV secolo in alcuni ambienti;

 Foro
Foro chiuso da portici e con resti di due templi sui lati sud e nord, identificati ipoteticamente con il capitolium (principale tempio cittadino) e con un Cesareum (tempio dedicato al culto imperiale). Sul lato ovest si trovano i resti di una basilica e forse di una curia (luogo di riunione del consiglio cittadino).

 Terme repubblicane
Nei pressi del foro, lungo il decumano orientale, si trovano anche i resti di un edificio termale di età repubblicana. Un'iscrizione menziona due praetores duoviri, Q. Pettius e C. Maecius che fecero edificare a spese pubbliche le terme.
La struttura termale è in opus reticolatum. Il calidarium è diviso in due ambienti separati da sedili in muratura, entrambi pavimentati a mosaico, bianco e policromo. Quello policromo consiste in una larga cornice decorata a greche che racchiude un'altra cornice costituita da una treccia a due capi su fondo scuro. Essi poggiano su un pavimento con suspensurae. Sono stati rinvenuti anche i resti del forno per il riscaldamento della pavimentazione. Il frigidarium circolare, con sedili ai lati, è stato riutilizzato in età moderna e contemporanea per la costruzione di palmenti per la pigiatura dell'uva e la fermentazione del mosto. Il rifornimento d'acqua era garantito, oltre che dall'acquedotto di età augustea, da una cisterna, anch'essa riutilizzata. Gli stessi locali sono stati destinati ai servizi per i visitatori del Parco.

Terme imperiali
Costruite in età augustea.
Il mosaico in bianco e nero, decorato con creature marine, tritoni e Scilla e quello limitrofo con motivi geometrici sono stati datati al III-IV secolo a.C.

Acquedotto
 Anfiteatro

L'anfiteatro anfiteatro viene già menzionato dagli eruditi locali nel Settecento: esso era rimasto visibile e riconoscibile all'interno del tessuto urbano della città romana ormai scomparsa. Le indagini vere e proprie del monumento ebbero inizio nel 1981, dopo che il terremoto del 1980 ne ebbe aggravato i pericoli di crollo.
L'anfiteatro è datato al I secolo a.C.. Esso venne innalzato in una posizione periferica, lungo il limite nord-orientale del perimetro urbano, in prossimità di una via di accesso attraverso la quale gli spettatori provenienti dalla valle potevano affluire senza passare all'interno della città. Gli assi dell'anfiteatro risultano allineati agli assi stradali. Il dislivello tra la terrazza centrale e quella orientale della collina su cui sorgeva Grumentum venne sfruttato per addossarvi la parte occidentale dell'edificio. La parte orientale poggia su una sostruzione interamente artificiale.
La tecnica costruttiva della fase iniziale, ovvero quella repubblicana, è l'opus incertum. Le parti in opus reticulatum regolare sono da ritenersi successive. L'anfiteatro ha due soli ordini di gradini, sostenuti da terrapieni e da un corridoio voltato nella parte occidentale e da sostruzioni artificiali in quella orientale.
L'arena è stata ricavata tagliando e spianando la collina e non presenta ambienti sotterranei. Il corridoio che la circonda si interrompeva solo in corrispondenza degli ingressi principali, dove era sbarrato da cancelli in quanto destinato ad immettere animali attraverso le sei aperture chiuse da griglie di cui si conservano in parte le soglie.

Architettura sacra

Necropoli
Fuori dalle mura si sono rinvenute tombe monumentali.

Età tardoantica-medioevale
Le fonti letterarie ed epigrafiche di età tardoantica e altomedioevale disponibili per Grumentum sembrano indicare una continuità di vita del centro fino al V secolo d.C.: la Tabula Peutingeriana riporta un collegamento diretto con Taranto; nei pressi è attestata la via Herculia, documentata da un gruppo di miliaria che ne attestano ripetuti interventi di manutenzione almeno fino all'età di Arcadio; la sede vescovile è menzionata nel V e VI secolo dai pontefici Gelasio I, Pelagio I e Gregorio Magno; la necropoli indagata davanti alla chiesetta extraurbana di San Marco è stata datata al VII secolo
; la menzione del territorio di Grumentum dall'Anonimo Ravennate alla fine del VII secolo e da Guidone agli inizi del XII secolo. Nel XII secolo venne inoltre redatta l'agiografia di un martire grumentino, san Laviero. A partire dall'XI secolo si consolidano e si sviluppano insediamenti di altura: Saponara, Marsico Nuovo, Marsico Vetere, Moliterno, etc. Questo nuovo assetto poleografico dell'antico territorio grumentino è ancora attuale, modificato di recente dalla nascita di una rapida viabilità di fondovalle, che ha determinato l'immediato sviluppo di piccoli centri di pianura (Villa d'Agri, Sarconi, etc.). A partire dal XVI-XVII l'area archeologica venne nuovamente occupata per attività vitivinicole con la costruzione di case rurali.

Chiesa di Santa Maria Assunta

La chiesa di Santa Maria Assunta era situata nella parte settentrionale dell'abitato romano, in prossimità dell'anfiteatro e orientata rispetto alla sua viabilità. Sul lato orientale sono state rinvenute nel 1978 alcune sepolture medievali, purtroppo prive di corredo. Non si hanno ancora certezze né sulla data d'impianto, né sulle successive fasi edilizie di questo edificio. Un esiguo frammento di affresco parietale, conservatosi nella navata centrale e raffigurante un volto di santa ai piedi di una Madonna dalle dimensioni sensibilmente maggiori, permette ipotizzare una sua utilizzazione come luogo di culto nel periodo altomedioevale.

Note

Bibliografia

Voci correlate
 Grumento Nova
 Museo nazionale dell'Alta Val d'Agri

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Siti archeologici romani della Basilicata
Città romane della Basilicata
Grumento Nova


text:
La clase de submarinos del tipo 092 Daqingyu (clase Xia según la designación OTAN) supuso el primer submarino nuclear chino capaz de llevar misiles balísticos (SSBN) y el primero de su clase en ser construido en Asia. Fue una evolución de la Clase Han (SSN) que podía llevar 4 tubos de torpedos. Fue puesto en servicio en 1987 cuando los misiles JL-1 estuvieron listos para entrar en servicio.

Ha recibido muchas mejoras, entre ellas nuevos sistemas de sonar y nueva pintura con capacidad de silenciamiento. Se construyeron dos aunque uno se perdió en un accidente. Este submarino está basado en la Base Naval de Jianggezhuang, cerca de Qingdao, China. No ha navegado más allá de las aguas territoriales chinas y ya se construye su reemplazo, según la inteligencia militar de Estados Unidos: el Tipo 094 (clase Jin), equipado con misiles balísticos JL-2.

Véase también
 Tipo 091 (clase Han)
 Tipo 093 (clase Shang)
 Tipo 094 (clase Jin)
 Tipo 095
 Tipo 096

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Tipo 092: fotos y datos

Submarinos nucleares de la República Popular China
Clases de submarinos


text:
The French Sex Murders (Italian: Casa d'appuntamento (Translation: House of Rendezvous) is a 1972 giallo film directed by Ferdinando Merighi under the pseudonym "F. L. Morris", and edited by Bruno Mattei.  It was released as The French Sex Murders in the US, and The Bogey Man and the French Murders in the UK. It stars Rosalba Neri, Anita Ekberg, Barbara Bouchet, Howard Vernon and Gordon Mitchell. The actor who played the police inspector in this film (Robert Sacchi) was a professional Humphrey Bogart lookalike, which explains the alternate "Bogey Man" title. Special effects technician Carlo Rambaldi handled the throat slashings and beheadings that take place in the movie.

Plot
A petty criminal named Antoine (Peter Martell) is blamed for the murder of a prostitute who was killed at Madame Collette's exclusive whorehouse in Paris. He is sentenced to death by guillotine, and he swears revenge on everyone who helped convict him. At the last moment, he manages to escape from the prison – but is then decapitated in a motorcycle accident. A scientist Prof. Waldemar obtains the criminal's severed head from the morgue for purposes of experimentation. The judge, who sentenced Antoine to death later turns up murdered, and then one by one, the prostitutes at Madame Collette's begin turning up murdered as well. Everyone believes that Antoine is causing the murders to happen, and that he is wreaking vengeance from beyond the grave.

Cast

Main
 Anita Ekberg as Madame Colette
 Rosalba Neri as Marianne
 Evelyne Kraft as Eleonora (Credited as Evelyne Elgar)
 Howard Vernon as Professor Waldemar
 Pietro Martellanza as Antoine Gottvalles (Credited as Peter Martell)
 Barbara Bouchet as Francine
 Robert Sacchi as Inspector Fontaine
 Eva Astor as Florence
 Renato Romano as Mr. Randall
 Rolf Eden as Pepi
 Franco Borelli as Roger Delluc
 Piera Viotti as Tina
 William Alexander as George
 Ada Pometti as Doris the Maid
 Alessandro Perrella as Doris' Lover

Cameo/Uncredited
 Flavia Keyt as Prostitute
 Gordon Mitchell as Man in Nightclub
 Mike Monty as Detective
 Xiro Papas as Thug in Bar
 Riccardo Petrazzi as Other Man Repairing a Van
 Dick Randall as Mr. Hassan
 Goffredo Unger as Man Repairing a Van

Critical reception
Allmovie gave it a mixed review, writing "The contrived script [...] is completely off the hook, which fans of the giallo form will be expecting, but those who come to the film cold may be somewhat nonplussed."

References

External links

 Casa d'appuntamento at Variety Distribution

Giallo films
1972 films
1970s crime thriller films
Films scored by Bruno Nicolai
1970s Italian films


text:
Would You...? – singel brytyjskiej grupy jazz-popowej Touch and Go, wydany pod koniec listopada 1998.

Piosenka stała się wielkim hitem głównie w Europie wschodniej, gdzie zespół często koncertował. Znalazł się m.in. w soundtracku do serii dokumentalnej HBO "G String Divas". Sample z tego utworu znalazły się również w reklamach piwa Carlsberg, wody mineralnej "S.Pellegrino" oraz w reklamach telefonów komórkowych Nokia. Tekst piosenki stanowią samplowane słowa kobiety (Vanessa Lancaster) ograniczające się do zdań: "I've noticed you around / I find you very attractive / Would you go to bed with me?". Do utworu powstał również teledysk. Singel ten oprócz utworów Tango in Harlem oraz Straight... to Number One jest najbardziej rozpoznawalną piosenką zespołu Touch and Go.

Lista utworów
 singel 12″ (Wlk. Brytania)
 A1 "Would You...?" (Trailermen Go To Rio Mix) (6:59)
 B1 "Would You...?" (Radio edit) (3:12)
 B2 "Would You...?" (Homewreckers Mix) (3:54)

 singel CD (Wlk. Brytania)
 "Would You...?" (Radio edit) (3:12)
 Radio edit: Tim Gordine
 "Would You...?" (Trailermen Go To Rio Mix) (6:59)
 "Would You...?" (Homewreckers Mix) (3:54)

Notowania

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Okładka
 Teledysk w serwisie YouTube

Single wydane w roku 1998


text:
Florence Luchaire est une actrice et une danseuse française, née le  à Neuilly-sur-Seine et morte le  à Paris .

Biographie

Elle est la fille de Jean Luchaire (1901-1946), journaliste célèbre fusillé à la Libération pour collaboration, et de Françoise Germaine Besnard. Sa sœur aînée était l'actrice de cinéma Corinne Luchaire (1921-1950).

Vie privée

Elle fut l'épouse entre 1945 et 1948 du comédien René Arrieu, sociétaire de la Comédie-Française, dont elle divorça en 1949.

En 1949, elle épouse Jean Moign (1922-2014) et participera avec lui à l'aventure du Théâtre populaire de Bretagne jusqu'à son décès.

Filmographie
 1937 : La Mort du cygne de Jean Benoît-Lévy et Marie Epstein
 1939 : Le Feu de paille de Jean Benoît-Lévy
 1949 : Au royaume des cieux de Julien Duvivier

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en août 1926
Naissance à Neuilly-sur-Seine
Décès en décembre 1982
Actrice française de cinéma
Décès à 56 ans
Exil français à Sigmaringen
Naissance dans le département de la Seine
Décès dans le 14e arrondissement de Paris
Actrice française de théâtre


text:
Château-Chalon is een gemeente in het Franse departement Jura (regio Bourgogne-Franche-Comté) en telt 160 inwoners (1999). De plaats maakt deel uit van het arrondissement Lons-le-Saunier. Château-Chalon is door Les Plus Beaux Villages de France erkend als een van de mooiste dorpen van Frankrijk. Het dorp ligt op een heuvel met terrassen.

Tot de Franse Revolutie was hier een abdij van stiftdames, waar enkel adellijke vrouwen werden toegelaten. De galant-des-abbesses, een zoete, droge kruidenwijn, vindt hier zijn oorsprong.

Geografie
De oppervlakte van Château-Chalon bedraagt 10,2 km², de bevolkingsdichtheid is 15,7 inwoners per km².

Demografie
Onderstaande figuur toont het verloop van het inwonertal (bron: INSEE-tellingen).

Externe links

Gemeente in Jura (departement)


text:
Zwei im andern Land ist ein utopischer Roman des Berliner Rabbiners Martin Salomonski. Die Groteske erschien ab Juni 1933 als Fortsetzungsroman in der Jüdisch-liberalen Zeitung und 1934 als Buch. Der Roman beschäftigt sich mit jüdischer Identität, kosmischem Zionismus und der Lösung der sogenannten Judenfrage.

Zeitgeschichtlicher Hintergrund
Am 30. Januar 1933 war Adolf Hitler zum Reichskanzler ernannt worden, und seit dem Ermächtigungsgesetz vom 24. März 1933 regierte die NSDAP unumschränkt im Deutschen Reich. Im April wurde das Gesetz zur Wiederherstellung des Berufsbeamtentums mit dem "Arierparagraphen" verabschiedet, das jüdische Bürger aus dem Beamtentum ausschloss. Flankiert wurde die Maßnahme von einem Gesetz über die Zulassung zur Rechtsanwaltschaft vom 7. April, einer Verordnung über die Zulassung von Ärzten zur Tätigkeit bei den Krankenkassen vom 22. April, die jüdische und kommunistische Ärzte von den Krankenkassen ausschloss, und einem Gesetz gegen die Überfüllung deutscher Schulen und Hochschulen vom 25. April 1933, das jüdischen Mitbürgern die höhere Bildung verwehrte. Die "Judenfrage" war akut geworden.

Roman

Vorabdruck
Die Jüdisch-liberale Zeitung druckte die Geschichte vom 1. Juni bis zum 22. Dezember 1933 in 14-täglichen Fortsetzungen ab. Als Autor war Stefan Reginald Marknes angegeben, ein Pseudonym des Rabbiners Martin Salomonski. In der Ankündigung auf Seite 1 heißt es: "Aus unserer stürmischen Welt geraten wir in ein anderes Land, das aber keineswegs temperamentlos ist. Romane bedürfen nicht sehr der Geographie, und darum wird es jeder nach seinem Geschmack suchen und am bekannten und ersehnten Lebenskreis vergleichen. (…) Das Ganze wird keine Tragödie, und darum sind Form und Geschehnis nicht auf wuchtige und harte Sprache stilschwer eingestellt. Es ist schon zeitgemäßer, wenn der Quell der Unterhaltung munter plätschert und kleine Wahrheiten und Freundlichkeiten uns lächeln lassen."

Buchausgabe
Im März 1934 erschien Zwei im andern Land in Buchform im Benjamin Harz Verlag. Diesmal wurde Martin Salomonski als Autor genannt. Das Buch war der zweite Roman des Rabbiners; im Jahr 1928 hatte Salomonski mit Die geborene Tugendreich einen autobiografisch eingefärbten Großstadtroman veröffentlicht. Ergänzt wurde der Mondroman durch vierzig Fußnoten von Stefan Reginald Marknes, der nun irritierenderweise als Kritiker auftritt, sowie durch zwei Notenseiten (S. 202 ff.).

Die Welt
Die Geschichte spielt in einer antizipierten Zukunft des Jahres 1953. Weder der Holocaust noch der Zweite Weltkrieg sind bekannt. In der transatlantischen Küstenmetropole "Maimi" (sic!) wird mit Doublos bezahlt, in Berlin immer noch mit Reichsmark. Berlin steht hier für das alte Europa, wenn auch inzwischen unterirdische "Blitzzüge" vom Alexanderplatz zum Bahnhof Zoo rasen. Maimi hingegen dient als Folie für eine kapitalistische Gesellschaftsordnung amerikanischer Prägung. Es gibt Hochhäuser, sechsspurige Autostraßen und eine hohe Arbeitslosigkeit. In Maimi haben sowohl der "Egoisten-Klub" als auch der "Club anständiger Leute" ihren Sitz. Doch es leben nur noch wenige Juden in Berlin, viele hatten das Land zwanzig Jahre zuvor verlassen müssen.

Inhalt
Protagonisten sind Victor Arago und Micaela Cohn, genannt Mica. Sie verkörpern die beiden großen Zweige des europäischen Judentums, die sephardischen und die aschkenasischen Juden. Victor Arago ist Marrane, ein Nachfahre zwangsgetaufter spanischer Juden, und von Beruf Werbetexter und Erfinder. Victor hat eine Art Empfangsgerät konstruiert, das persönliche Erinnerungen mittels "Induktorbrillen" aus dem menschlichen Gedächtnis abrufen und auf eine Leinwand projizieren kann. Dieses "Tonfilm-Patent" möchte Victor an das im Egoistenklub organisierte Großkapital verkaufen.

Mica ist Halbwaise und in einem Kloster aufgewachsen. Ihre Eltern mussten Deutschland zu Beginn der Dreißigerjahre verlassen. Die Mutter starb während der Flucht, der Vater gilt als verschollen. Mica beginnt eine Ausbildung in einem großen Kaufhaus und leitet in ihrer Freizeit den ausschließlich aus jungen Frauen bestehenden "Club anständiger Leute" (C.A.L.), der als Gegenspieler des Egoistenklubs auftritt. Der Club anständiger Leute entführt Victor, um den Verkauf seines Patents an den Egoistenklub zu verhindern.

Während der Mondfinsternis vom 26. Juli 1953 gelangen Mica und Victor unverhofft über eine von Johannes Kepler erdachten "Erdbrücke" auf den Mond. "Sie fühlten sich magisch angezogen, ihre Körper hoben sich von der Erde, und in einem Zustand der Erstarrung, der völligen Bewusstlosigkeit schwebten sie in unausdenkbarer Geschwindigkeit nach oben, dem Mond entgegen."

Auf dem Mond trifft das Paar auf eine jahrtausendalte Zivilisation, die nur aus Juden besteht. Angeführt wird diese ausgerechnet von Micaelas Vater Michael. Dank ihres himmlischen Vaters wird Mica ihre jüdische Abstammung bewusst und sie beginnt, sich für das Judentum und die Lösung der "Judenfrage" zu interessieren.

Während einer weiteren Eklipse, diesmal ist es eine Sonnenfinsternis, geht es über die "Schattenbrücke" auf die Erde zurück, allerdings ins alte Europa, nach Berlin. Die erste Person, mit der sie Bekanntschaft machen, ist Fritz Cohn, Micas Onkel mütterlicherseits. Mica erfährt mehr über ihre jüdische Mutter und entdeckt zudem, dass sie von Victor schwanger ist. Solcherart verwandelt möchte sie für sich und ihr Neugeborenes ein sicheres Zuhause und eine feste Heimat finden. Ihre Vision: Ein Neuanfang der "Gesamtjudenheit" auf dem Mond. Die Juden sammeln sich in einem Camp an der Küste Nordafrikas und werden während einer neuen Mondfinsternis über die bereits erwähnte "Keplerbrücke" zum Erdtrabanten gebracht. Die Geschichte endet mit der interplanetaren Separation von Juden und Nichtjuden.

Personenverzeichnis
 Victor Arago: Werbetexter und Erfinder eines Erinnerungsempfängers
 Micaela 'Mica' Cohn: Halbwaise und Haupthandelnde
 Micas Vater Michael: Anführer der Mondkolonie
 Berliner Ehepaar Fritz und Susi Cohn: Micas Onkel bzw. Tante
 Club anständiger Leute (C.A.L.): Ruth Laporta, die Zwillinge Ella und Bella, Golde, Billie
 Egoistenklub: Aimée Laporta, Warenhauskönig Laporta, Geheimer Conseilrat Awigdor, Geheimrat Amigo, Kommissionsrat Fidele-Carambolo

Intertextualität und Realität

Im Buch ist explizit von der "Judenfrage" die Rede. Zum Erscheinungszeitpunkt war der Begriff schon ein Schlüsselwort mit antisemitischem Beiklang. Im Buch wird ein Territorialisierungsprojekt beschrieben, das den Jüdinnen und Juden eine Heimat geben soll, jedoch fiktionalisiert im interplanetaren Maßstab. Dieses Territorialisierungsprojekt spiegelt den Diskurs um den Zionismus.

Die Reise zum Mond und zurück verläuft nach einem vom Astronomen Johannes Kepler ersonnenen Prinzip, das im Roman als "Keplerbrücke" bzw. "Erdbrücke" bezeichnet wird. Demnach können Mondreisen ausschließlich im Schatten von Mondfinsternissen (Hinreise) oder Sonnenfinsternissen (Rückreise) stattfinden. Kepler hatte dieses Prinzip in seiner Science-Fiction-Geschichte Somnium oder: Der Traum vom Mond beschrieben.

Der Name Victor Arago kann als Hommage auf den französischen Abenteurer und Reiseschriftsteller Jacques Étienne Victor Arago gelesen werden. Arago hatte seinerzeit den jungen Jules Verne für utopische Literatur begeistert.

Darüber hinaus kommt es in einer Szene zum Auftritt von historischen Persönlichkeiten, die am Berlinischen Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster beschäftigt waren. Das ist zum einen der Direktor Ludwig Bellermann, der im Roman die mündliche Abiturprüfung abnimmt, und zum anderen der Gymnasiallehrer Hermann Nohl, Vater des Pädagogen Herman und des Anarchisten Johannes Nohl, der mit seiner Familie in einer Wohnung auf dem Schulgelände lebte. Der Autor Martin Salomonski war selbst Schüler am Grauen Kloster und dürfte die genannten Personen persönlich gekannt haben.

Rezeption & Kritik
Die Rezensionen nach Erscheinen des Buches waren überwiegend positiv. Die C.V.-Zeitung vom 29. März 1934 (Nr. 13) urteilte: "Wer Lust hat, einen Blick hinter den grauen Vorhang der Gegenwart, mitten hinein in die bunte Zukunft des Jahres 1953 zu tun, der folge dem Verfasser auf seinem kühnen, phantastischen Flug ins 'andre Land'. Er führt durch Erdteile und Himmelsraum, durch Entführungsgeschichten, Liebesabenteuer, weltumwälzende Erfindungen und ernsthafte Erörterungen der nie veralternden Judensorgen, er führt von tonfilmreifer Reportage über spritzige Aphorismen zur hymnisch verklärten Idee von der Rettung der Judenheit auf dem Mond, die aus der Inbrunst einer tapferen jungen Frau geboren wird."

George Goetz, Chefredakteur der Jüdisch-liberalen Zeitung und außerdem Generalsekretär der Vereinigung für das Liberale Judentum in Deutschland, schreibt in seiner Buchbesprechung vom 6. April 1934 (Nr. 27/28): "Die Reise 'ins andre Land' lohnt, ist ergiebig nach jeder Richtung, bietet Erfrischung, Erholung, Erheiterung, Erhebung."

Die Jüdische Rundschau (Nr. 40/1934) hingegen sparte nicht mit Kritik an Werk und Autor: "Im Rahmen eines Romans versucht der Verfasser einen Vorschlag zu einer grotesken 'Lösung der Judenfrage'. Er huldigt dem unpolitischen Ideal der bürgerlichen Ruhe und des menschlichen Friedens und schlägt vor, die Juden für die Zeit, in der diese beiden Ideale durch die Weltgeschichte zerstört werden, auf den Mond zu transportieren. Wir halten den Augenblick, da alle Kräfte der Judenheit auf die konkreten Aufgaben des Palästina-Aufbaus konzentriert werden müssen, für eine romantische Lösung nicht geeignet."

Veröffentlichungen
 Vorabveröffentlichung: Zwei im andern Land (unter dem Pseudonym Stefan Reginald Marknes) in der Jüdisch-liberalen Zeitung vom 1. Juni bis 22. Dezember 1933.
 Erstausgabe: Zwei im andern Land, Benjamin Harz Verlag, Berlin/Wien 1934.
 Neuausgabe: Zwei im andern Land, mit zeitgenössischen Rezensionen sowie einem Nachwort, Vergangenheitsverlag, Berlin 2021, ISBN 9783864082641.

Literatur
 Philipp Theisohn: Sie werden vermisst. Jüdischer Exodus ins Außerirdische: Martin Salomonskis Mondreise-Roman von 1934 erscheint neu, in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung vom 15. April 2021 (Nr. 87), Seite 10.

Siehe auch
 Die Stadt ohne Juden, österreichischer Stummfilm von 1924
 Berlin ohne Juden, dystopischer Roman von 1925

Weblinks
 Zwei im andern Land als Neuausgabe im Vergangenheitsverlag 2021.
 Philipp Theisohn: Während der Mondfinsternis durchs All., auf FAZ.NET vom 2. Mai 2021.
 Armir Wechsler: Minjan auf dem Mond, in Jüdische Allgemeine vom 27. Mai 2021.
 Jüdisch im Weltraum: Sechs Fragen an Lena Kugler, Museumsnacht 2022 im Jüdischen Museum Schweiz

Einzelnachweise

Literarisches Werk
Literatur (Deutsch)
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Literatur des Expressionismus
Roman, Epik
Utopie
Mond in der Kultur
Zionismus


text:
La gare de Jurbise est une gare ferroviaire belge de la ligne 96, de Bruxelles-Midi à Quévy (frontière), située à proximité du centre-ville de Jurbise dans la province de Hainaut en Région wallonne.

Elle est mise en service en 1841 par l'administration des chemins de fer de l'État-belge. C'est une gare de la Société nationale des chemins de fer belges (SNCB) desservie par des trains InterCity (IC), Omnibus (L) et d'Heure de pointe (P).

Situation ferroviaire
Établie à  d'altitude, la gare de Jurbise est située au point kilométrique (PK) 48,6 de la ligne 96, de Bruxelles-Midi à Quévy (frontière), entre les gares de Masnuy-Saint-Pierre et d'Erbisœul. Gare de bifurcation, elle est l'aboutissement de la ligne 90, de Denderleeuw à Jurbise, après la gare de Lens, néanmoins cette ligne ayant l'originalité d'avoir un double kilométrage inversé, elle est le pk 0,000 du tronçon de Jurbise à Ath.

Histoire
La station de Jurbise est mise en service, le , par l'administration des chemins de fer de l'État belge, lorsqu'elle ouvre à l'exploitation la section de Bruxelles à Jurbise de la  de Bruxelles à Mons et Quiévrain. Le bâtiment des recettes, dû à Auguste Payen, est asymétrique avec un pavillon à étage d'un côté et un pavillon sans étage de l'autre.

Elle devient une gare de bifurcation le  lorsque la Société anonyme des chemins de fer de Tournay à Jurbise et de Landen à Hasselt met en service, pour le compte de l'État belge, la ligne de Jurbise à Ath, se prolongeant vers Tournai.

En 1898 un nouveau bâtiment, de « style balnéaire », prend la place de celui de 1841. Également asymétrique, il comporte un corps central avec une partie à un étage et une autre avec un autre étage sous combles, et sur le même plan une courte aile avec une fenêtre en façade d'un côté et une nettement plus longue de l'autre côté avec huit fenêtres et une porte en façade.

Service des voyageurs

Accueil
Gare SNCB, elle dispose d'un bâtiment voyageurs, avec guichets, ouvert les lundis, mercredis et jeudis. Des aménagements, équipements et services sont à la disposition des personnes à la mobilité réduite.

Un passage souterrain permet la traversée des voies et le passage d'un quai à l'autre.

Desserte
Jurbise est desservie par des trains InterCity (IC), Omnibus (L) et d'Heure de pointe (P) de la SNCB, qui effectuent des missions sur la ligne commerciale 96 (voir brochure SNCB).

Semaine
Jurbise est desservi par les trains suivants, cadencés à l'heure :
 des trains  Mons - Bruxelles-National-Aéroport ;
 des trains  Liège-Guillemins - Quiévrain, via Bruxelles ;
 des trains L Grammont - Mons ;
 des trains L Jurbise - Braine-le-Comte ;

Des trains supplémentaires se rajoutent en heure de pointe et effectuent les trajets suivants :
 Quiévrain - Schaerbeek (deux trains, le matin) ;
 Quévy - Schaerbeek (un seul train, le matin) ;
 Mons - Schaerbeek (un seul, le matin) ;
 Ath - Mons (un dans chaque sens, le matin)
 Ath - Jurbise (un seul, le matin) ;
 Schaerbeek - Quiévrain (un seul, l'après-midi) ;
 Schaerbeek - Quévy (deux, l'après-midi) ;
 Schaerbeek - Saint-Ghislain (un seul, l'après-midi) ;
 Ath - Tournai (deux l'après-midi) ;
 Mons - Ath (deux l'après-midi).

Week-ends et jours fériés
Seuls les trains IC-06A Mons - Brussels Airport et les trains L Quévy - Mons - Grammont circulent, accompagnés durant les vacances par des trains touristiques (ICT) reliant Mons et Ath afin de desservir la gare de Cambron-Casteau proche de Pairi Daiza.

Intermodalité
Un parc pour les vélos et un parking pour les véhicules y sont aménagés.

Accessibilité
La gare dispose de quais bas et le couloir sous voies est seulement accessible au moyen d'escaliers.

Patrimoine ferroviaire

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Ligne 96, de Bruxelles-Midi à Mons et Quévy (frontière)
Schéma de la ligne 96 (Infrabel)
 ligne 90, de Grammont à Ath et Jurbise
 Transport ferroviaire en Belgique

Liens externes

 Brochures de lignes (fiches horaires) sur le site de la SNCB

Gare dans la province de Hainaut
Ligne 96 (Infrabel)
Ligne 90 (Infrabel)
Gare
Gare mise en service en 1841


text:
La Finlandia ha partecipato alle Giochi della XXIX Olimpiade di Pechino, svoltisi dall'8 al 24 agosto 2008, con una delegazione di 57 atleti.

Medaglie

Atletica leggera

Badminton

Canoa/kayak

Canottaggio

Equitazione

Judo

Lotta

Nuoto

Sollevamento pesi

Tennis

Tiro

Tiro con l'arco

Tuffi

Vela

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

2008
Nazioni ai Giochi della XXIX Olimpiade


text:
Paul Hammer ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Paul Hammer (Architekt) (1891–1965), deutscher Architekt
 Paul Hammer (Leichtathlet) (1900–1978), luxemburgischer Sprinter und Weitspringer
 Paul Hammer (Jurist) (1881–1942), deutscher Verwaltungsjurist und Bankmanager
 Paul E. J. Hammer (* 1964), neuseeländischer Historiker
 Paul Ernst Hammer (1902–1992), deutscher Pastor und Autor

Siehe auch:
 Paule Hammer (* 1975), deutscher Maler


text:
Ведран (хорв. Vedran) - слов'янське чоловіче ім'я хорватського походження, яке також використовується серед сербів і Боснійців. Ведран означає ясний або доброзичливий.

Люди

 Ведран Celiščak,  хорватський футболіст
 Ведран Чорлука, хорватський футболіст
 Ведран Đipalo, хорватський боксер
 Ведран Hamzić або Діджей Wedran, діджей з Боснії і Герцеговини
 Ведран Іванкович , боснійський футболіст-захисник
 Ведран Janjetović, австралійський футболіст
 Ведран Ješe, хорватський футболіст
 Ведран Лалич, хорватський дипломат
 Ведран Kukoč, хорватський професійний футболіст
 Ведран Lovrenčić, переможець Великого Брата 4 (Хорватія), 2007
 Ведран Muratović, хорватський футболіст
 Ведран Purić, хорватський футболіст
 Ведран Rožić, колишній хорватський футболіст
 Ведран Руньє, хорватський футбольний воротар
 Ведран Smailović, музикант з Боснії і Герцеговини
 Ведран Туркалж, хорватський футболіст-захисник
 Ведран Вінко,  словенський футболіст-нападник
 Ведран Зрнич, хорватський гандболист
Особові імена
Хорватські чоловічі імена


text:
Die Österreichische Botschaft Tallinn (; die Stadt deutsch auch Reval) ist der Hauptsitz des österreichischen Botschafters in Estland  (), dem diplomatischen Vertreters der Republik Österreich in der Republik Estland (), in Tallinn.

Die Botschaft wird voraussichtlich 2018 im Zuge einer Umstrukturierung aufgelöst.

Geschichte

Estland gehörte zum Deutschordensstaat, ab 1561 zum Königreich Schweden, ab 1721 zum Zarenreich Russland. Die Diplomatie Österreichs (und Österreich-Ungarns) lief dementsprechend über die Gesandtschaften in Stockholm und in Sankt Petersburg.

Nach der Oktoberrevolution 1917 erklärte sich das Land unabhängig, von der Republik Österreich wurde es am 26. Juni 1921 anerkannt.
Zuständig für das Baltikum war die Botschaft Warschau. Estland ging dann nach Kriegsende in der Sowjetunion auf, die Vertretung Österreichs befand sich in Moskau.

Mai 1990 erklärte sich das Land nach dem Zerfall der Sowjetunion neuerlich unabhängig und wurde von Österreich am 28. August 1991 wiederanerkannt, die diplomatischen Beziehungen wurden am 8. Januar 1992 aufgenommen.  Schon 1991 wurde eine Österreich-Bibliothek eröffnet. Die estnische Botschaft in Wien gibt es seit 1993.

Mit 1. November 1997 wurde dann die Österreichische Botschaft eröffnet.

2015 wurde beschlossen, die Botschaft aufzulassen, sie wird relativ wenig genutzt, und der diplomatische Kontakt zu Estland ist über EU-Institutionen gut möglich und soll  bleiben.

Estnisch-österreichische Beziehungen
Die Beziehungen zwischen den beiden Ländern sind .
Wirtschaftlich ist sie trotz des Wirtschaftsbooms am Baltikum nicht ausnehmend bedeutend (2014 Außenhandelsvolumen Österreich zu Litauen 120 Mio. zu 34 Mio. Euro).
Eng ist der Kulturaustausch, mit Österreich-Bibliothek, Künstleraustauschprogrammen und Kulturveranstaltungen.

Organisation
Sitz der Österreichischen Botschaft Tallinn ist die estnische Hauptstadt Tallinn, in der Vambola Nr. 6.

Zur Botschaft gehört auch:
 Büro des Verteidigungsattachés (akkreditiert in Dänemark, Estland, Lettland, Finnland, Norwegen und Schweden; residiert in Stockholm)

Weitere diplomatische Stellen:
 Advantage Austria – Österreichisches Außenwirtschaftsbüro Tallinn
 Österreich-Bibliothek Tallinn ist als Österreichischer Lesesaal ( der Estnischen Nationalbibliothek angegliedert

Liste der Österreichischen Botschafter

 Quelle: Estn. Botschaft Wien

Siehe auch
 Liste der österreichischen Botschafter

Weblinks

 Offizielle Website der Botschaft (auf bmeia.gv.at; estnisch)
 Reiseinformationen: Estland (Republik Estland), Außenministerium
 Außenwirtschaft – Estland, Wirtschaftskammer Österreich

Einzelnachweise

Tallinn

Organisation (Tallinn)

Gegründet 1997

Botschaft
Botschaft in Estland


text:
, son of regent Uchitsune, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Muromachi period (1336–1573). He held a regent position kampaku from 1338 to 1342. Tsunetsugu was his adopted son.

Family
 Father: Ichijo Uchitsune
 Mother: daughter of Saionji Kin'aki
 Wife: Toin no Rinzu
 Children:
 Ichijo Uchitsugu (1335/1336-1352?)
 Ichijo Fusatsune (1347/1348-1366)
 Jisai
 Genru
 Adopted Son: Ichijo Tsunetsugu

References

1317 births
1365 deaths
Fujiwara clan
Ichijō family
People of Kamakura-period Japan
People of Nanboku-chō-period Japan


text:
Fabiola is a 1918 Italian silent historical film directed by Enrico Guazzoni and starring Augusto Mastripietri, Amleto Novelli and Elena Sangro. It is an adaptation of the 1854 novel Fabiola by Nicholas Patrick Wiseman about the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire. It was one of a series of historical epics for which the Italian film industry became famous during the era. The novel was later turned into a sound film of the same name in 1949.

Cast
Augusto Mastripietri: Eurota
Amleto Novelli: Fulvio
Elena Sangro: Fabiola
Livio Pavanelli: San Sebastiano
Giulia Cassini-Rizzotto: Lucia
Bruno Castellani: Quadrato
Valeria Sanfilippo: Santa Cecilia
Signora Poletti: Sant' Agnese
Signora Tirelli: Afra

References

Bibliography
Sorlin, Pierre. Italian National Cinema 1896-1996. Routledge, 1996.

External links

1918 films
1910s historical drama films
Italian historical drama films
Italian silent feature films
1910s Italian-language films
Films directed by Enrico Guazzoni
Films set in Rome
Films set in the Roman Empire
Films set in the 4th century
Films based on British novels
Religious epic films
Italian black-and-white films
1918 drama films
Articles containing video clips
Silent drama films
Silent adventure films


text:
Теманго има више значења:

 Теманго (Тланчинол), насеље у савезној држави Идалго у Мексику
 Теманго (Зонтекоматлан де Лопез и Фуентес), насеље у савезној држави Веракруз у Мексику