text:
Daniel Frei (* 5. Februar 1979 in Zürich) ist ein Schweizer Politiker (SP, seit 2019 GLP). Er war von 2018 bis 2019 Nationalrat.

Leben
Daniel Frei besuchte die Primar- und Sekundarschule in Niederglatt und schloss an der Kantonsschule Zürcher Unterland mit der Matura Typus B ab. Anschliessend absolvierte er ein Studium in Politikwissenschaft sowie Völker- und Staatsrecht an den Universitäten Zürich und Bonn, welches er mit dem Lizenziat abschloss. Von 2012 bis 2018 arbeitete er als Integrationsbeauftragter in Opfikon. Seit 2018 arbeitet er als Geschäftsleiter des Zweckverbandes Sozialdienste Bezirk Dielsdorf.

Frei lebt mit seiner Frau, der Zürcher GLP-Kantonsrätin Claudia Frei-Wyssen und fünf Kindern in Uster.

Politik
Seit 1999 war Frei Mitglied der SP Bezirk Dielsdorf, in der er ab 1999 als Vorstandsmitglied und von 2004 bis 2012 Präsident aktiv war. Parallel dazu war er von 1999 bis 2004 Präsident der SP Unteres Glattal. Von 2004 bis 2008 arbeitete er als Parteisekretär bei der SP Kanton Zürich, von 2008 bis 2012 als Generalsekretär. Anschliessend übernahm er 2012 das Präsidium der SP Kanton Zürich. 2017 trat er aufgrund des Konflikts zwischen Regierungsrat Mario Fehr und der Partei vorzeitig als Parteipräsident zurück, da er das Amt dadurch nicht mehr so ausführen konnte, wie er es für richtig hielt. Frei wurde wie Fehr dem rechten, sozialliberalen Flügel der SP zugeordnet.

Auf kommunaler Ebene war Daniel Frei von 2002 bis 2010 Schulpfleger der Primarschule Niederglatt und der Sekundarschule Niederhasli-Niederglatt-Hofstetten. Danach von 2010 bis 2018 Gemeinderat in Niederhasli (Sicherheits- und Sozialvorstand). In dieser Funktion präsidierte er den Zweckverband Polizei Rümlang-Oberglatt-Niederhasli-Niederglatt (RONN). Dazu war er Vorstandsmitglied des Zweckverbands Sozialdienste Bezirk Dielsdorf.

2014 wurde Daniel Frei in den Zürcher Kantonsrat gewählt, wo er erst Mitglied der Kommission für Justiz und Staat und anschliessend der Geschäftsprüfungskommission war. Am 10. Dezember 2018 wurde er als Nationalrat vereidigt, weshalb er aus dem Kantonsrat austrat. Er rückte für Chantal Galladé nach. Im Nationalrat war er Mitglied der Sicherheitspolitischen Kommission.

Nachdem er als Bisheriger von der Delegiertenversammlung der SP Zürich für die Nationalratswahl auf den für ihn enttäuschenden zehnten Listenplatz gesetzt wurde, kehrte er am 29. Mai 2019 zusammen mit seiner Frau der Partei den Rücken und trat der GLP bei. Bei den Wahlen 2019 trat er nicht wieder an.

Weblinks

 Website von Daniel Frei

Einzelnachweise

Nationalrat (Zürich)
Kantonsrat (Zürich, Person)
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
GLP-Mitglied
SP-Mitglied (Schweiz)
Schweizer
Geboren 1979
Mann


text:
Langt om længe er debutalbummet fra den danske rapgruppe Rent mel fra 1999. Det er udgivet på Fab K/Mis Label og er bl.a. produceret af Acorn, DJ Static og Pelding.

Trackliste:

 Stavekontrol (Intro)
 Samtid / Fremtid
 Hvor Du Henne
 Så Sig "!" ft. Takt & Tone
 Ene9
 Sommetider
 Ischi Ischi ft. Sund Fornuft
 Hold Dig Væk
 Skæve Børn Leger Bedst ft. Jøden & Mikkel Mund
 Dette Track Er En Joint
 Den Grundlæggende Hexagon ft. Sphaeren & MC Jimmy
 Hvem er Vi 2
 Ene9 (Static Remix)
 Hvor Du Henne (HR Remix)

Eksterne henvisninger

Rent mel-album
Debutalbum fra Danmark
Debutalbum fra 1999

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Il termine Run of series o Life of series indica una clausola che, se inserita all'interno di un contratto di licenza per i diritti di trasmissione di una serie televisiva, pone in capo ad un broadcaster ("Licensee") l'obbligo di acquisire tutte le stagioni di una serie televisiva successive a quella licenziata al momento della stipula del contratto stesso. Nei contratti di distribuzione statunitensi con i broadcaster europei, la clausola normalmente recita: "Licensee must license each and every episode produced of the series for all subsequent U.S. broadcasts seasons on a run-of-series basis".

Conseguenze
Nell'ambito delle logiche negoziali con il distributore statunitense ("Licensor"), l'accettazione di questa condizione espone il broadcaster ad un rischio potenziale poiché questi sarà obbligato ad acquisire tutte le stagioni successive a quella licenziata indipendentemente dal successo televisivo riscosso localmente dalla messa in onda di quest'ultima.

Tale rischio diventa estremamente concreto quando, al momento della stipula del contratto, un broadcaster europeo è già a conoscenza del fatto che una seconda stagione è stata già prodotta o verrà prodotta: questo può significare che negli Stati Uniti la serie ha riscosso un successo tale da indurre il broadcaster U.S. a commissionare una seconda stagione, ma ciò non significa che la risposta del pubblico in Europa possa essere analoga.

Al fine di evitare tale rischio, il broadcaster può negoziare in alternativa al "Run of Series" una clausola di "opzione" (in inglese "option") che, se recepita nel contratto, gli dà la possibilità di decidere se effettuare o meno l'acquisizione della/e stagione/i seguente/i a quella già licenziata.

Terminologia televisiva


text:
Die römisch-katholische Pfarrkirche San Andrés in Sorripas, einem Ortsteil der Gemeinde Sabiñánigo in der spanischen Provinz Huesca der Autonomen Gemeinschaft Aragonien, wurde im 12. Jahrhundert errichtet.

Architektur
Die dem Apostel Andreas geweihte Kirche ist aus Werkstein errichtet. Sie besitzt ein Kirchenschiff und einen halbrunden Chor, die beide mit Steinplatten gedeckt sind. Ein schlichtes rundbogiges Portal befindet sich an der Südseite. Über dem Vorbau erhebt sich ein offener Dachreiter (Espadaña) mit einer Glocke.

Literatur
 Cayetano Enríquez de Salamanca: Rutas del Románico en la provincia de Huesca. Enríquez de Salamanca Editor, 2. Auflage, Madrid 1993, ISBN 84-398-9582-8, S. 75.

Weblinks

 Beschreibung bei romanicoaragones, mit vielen Fotos

Sorripas
Kirchengebäude in Aragonien
Sorripas
Sorripas
Erbaut im 12. Jahrhundert
Sorripas
Bauwerk in Sabiñánigo
Sorripas


text:
In teoria delle code, una coda M/M/c rappresenta la lunghezza di una coda in un sistema composto da c server, in cui gli arrivi sono determinati da un processo di Poisson e i tempi servizio hanno distribuzione esponenziale di parametro μ. Il nome è dovuto alla Notazione di Kendall. La coda M/M/1 è un suo caso particolare.

Definizione
Un coda M/M/c è un processo stocastico definito sui numeri naturali, dove il valore ad un tempo fissato corrisponde al numero di utenti nel sistema, inclusi quelli che stanno ricevendo il servizio.
 Gli arrivi sono determinati da un processo di Poisson di intensità λ, e spostano il processo da uno stato i a quello successivo i+1
 I tempi di servizio hanno tutti distribuzione esponenziale di parametro μ
 I server non possono essere occupati da più utenti nello stesso momento. Quando il servizio finisce, l'utente lascia la coda e il processo si sposta dallo stato i al precedente i-1
 Non ci possono essere server fermi se sono presenti utenti in coda
 Non c'è nessun limite al numero di utenti che può contenere il sistema.

Il processo può essere descritto come una catena di Markov a tempo continuo, in particolare da un processo di nascita e morte di parametri:

Proprietà
Il processo è stabile solo se λ<cμ. Se in media vi sono più arrivi di quanti il sistema può servirne, la coda crescerà indefinitivamente e non ci sarà equilibrio. Se chiamiamo ρ=λ/cμ, la condizione diventa ρ<1. Imponendo questa condizione, si ha che
 La distribuzione stazionaria del processo è data da

 La probabilità di non trovare nessun server libero è data da

 Il numero medio di utenti nel sistema è

 Il numero medio di utenti in coda è

 Il tempo medio passato da un utente in coda è

 Il tempo medio passato da un utente nel sistema è

Infiniti server
È possibile anche studiare il caso a infiniti server, ovvero la coda M/M/∞. In questo modello ogni utente viene servito appena entra nel sistema, e non vi è quindi alcuna coda. In questo caso il processo di nascita e morte adatto è quello con parametri

La distribuzione stazionaria è una distribuzione di Poisson di parametro λ/μ:

Il tempo medio passato nella coda è solamente il tempo medio di servizio:

Il numero medio di utenti nel sistema è

Bibliografia

Voci correlate
 Processo di nascita e morte
 Processo markoviano
 Legge di Little

Teorie di rete
Processi stocastici


text:
The Abdul Ahad Azad Memorial College Bemina (Urdu;) formerly known as GDC Bemina, Government Degree College, Bemina is a University Grants Commission autonomous college in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir located on 300 Kanal (37.5 acre) campus in state summer capital Srinagar. It is affiliated with the Cluster University of Srinagar.It was established in the year 1970.The college has the largest campus in the state of Jammu and Kashmir spread over 300 kanal of land.

It has been awarded grade "A" by the NAAC.

Location
It is located in Bemina Srinagar about  west from Srinagar city center Lal Chowk in the neighborhood of Batmaloo opposite Iqbal Memorial Institute.

Establishment
The college has been established during the reign of the then Chief Minister of J&K state Ghulam Mohamad Sadiq in the year 1970. It started academic operations in the year 1972.

Degrees offered
 Bachelor of Arts
 Bachelor of Arts (humanities)
 Bachelor of Science (medical)
 Bachelor of Science (non-medical)
 Bachelor of Science (electronics)
 Bachelor of Commerce (general)
 Bachelor of Commerce (Honours)
 B.Voc(Banking & Financial Services)
 i-MCom,i-MBA
 Bachelor of Business Administration
 Master of Commerce
 Integrated Political Science
 Integrated History

References

Degree colleges in Kashmir Division
Universities and colleges in Jammu and Kashmir
University of Kashmir
Colleges affiliated to Cluster University of Srinagar


text:
Gölzenleuchter ist der Familienname folgender Personen:
 Eduard Gölzenleuchter (1810–1866), Landtagsabgeordneter Großherzogtum Hessen
 Horst Dieter Gölzenleuchter (* 1944), deutscher Maler, Grafiker und Autor


text:
Manikganj-2 is a constituency represented in the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament) of Bangladesh since 2014 by Momtaz Begum of the Awami League.

Boundaries
The constituency encompasses Harirampur and Singair upazilas, and four union parishads of Manikganj Sadar Upazila: Bhararia, Hati Para, and Putail.

History
The constituency was created in 1984 from a Dhaka constituency when the former Dhaka District was split into six districts: Manikganj, Munshiganj, Dhaka, Gazipur, Narsingdi, and Narayanganj.

Ahead of the 2008 general election, the Election Commission redrew constituency boundaries to reflect population changes revealed by the 2001 Bangladesh census. The 2008 redistricting  altered the boundaries of the constituency.

Members of Parliament

Elections

Elections in the 2010s
Momtaz Begum was elected unopposed in the 2014 general election after opposition parties withdrew their candidacies in a boycott of the election.

Elections in the 2000s

Harunur Rashid Khan Monno stood for two seats in the 2001 general election: Manikganj-2 and Manikganj-3. After winning both, he chose to represent Manikganj-3 and quit Manikganj-2, triggering a by-election in Manikganj-2. Independent candidate Samsuddin Ahmed was elected in a November 2001 by-election.

Elections in the 1990s

References

External links

Parliamentary constituencies in Bangladesh
Manikganj District


text:
Jean-Paul Brouchon, né le  à Corbeil-Essonnes et mort le , est un journaliste sportif français.

Biographie
Jean-Paul Brouchon est le fils de Marcel Brouchon, responsable des scouts de Saint-Charles (alors à Juvisy), et de Geneviève Ansart, pionnière du scoutisme à Amiens et à Corbeil, qui fondèrent le « Cours Saint-Jean » (dit le « Cours Brouchon ») dans leur château de Chantemerle à Corbeil. Il est le neveu du  Pierre Ansart.

Amoureux de cyclisme, il a couvert 44 éditions du Tour de France (dont 31 à moto), principalement pour la radio à l'OCORA (Office de coopération radiophonique) 1967-1968 (France Inter, puis France Info). En 1968, il a couvert les jeux olympiques de Grenoble pour l'ORTF. Il est à l'origine du Multiplex, émission consacrée au football, devenu depuis un genre à part entière. Il entre à France Info à sa création (en 1987), il en devient rédacteur en chef en 1992.

Ces activités, dans les médias de l'audio-visuel, trouvent leur prolongement dans la participation régulière de Jean-Paul Brouchon à la presse magazine sportive. Il a en particulier livré de nombreuses chroniques au mensuel Miroir du cyclisme, au cours des années 1980.
Il démissionne de Radio France en 2003. Il était directeur de la collection Légendes du Sport des éditions Jacob-Duvernet.

Il a été récompensé par le Prix Henri-Desgrange, le Prix Pierre-Chany, le Prix du Sénat (à 2 reprises), et le Micro d'Or (à 2 reprises).

Il reçoit la Légion d'honneur le . Il est inhumé au cimetière d'Issy-les-Moulineaux.

Bibliographie
 Le Tour de France (2000)
 Poulidor intime (2007)
 Histoires merveilleuses du Tour de France (2007)
 Histoires des Jeux olympiques (2008)

Liens externes
 Son blog consacré à l'actualité du cyclisme
 Communiqué du 17-06-2011 sur le site de Radio France
 Hommage sur le site de France Info

Notes et références

Écrivain du cyclisme
Journaliste sportif français
Rédacteur en chef
Personnalité de l'ORTF
Collaborateur de France Inter
Collaborateur de France Info
Reporter de radio
Spécialiste de sport à la radio
Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur
Prix Henri-Desgrange
Naissance en septembre 1938
Naissance en Seine-et-Oise
Naissance à Corbeil-Essonnes
Décès à 72 ans
Décès en juin 2011


text:
The Bezirk Dornbirn is an administrative district (Bezirk) in Vorarlberg, Austria. A rather young district, it was separated from the Feldkirch district in 1969.

The area of the district is 172.7 km2, the population 82,721 (January 1, 2012), which makes a population density of 479 persons per km2. The administrative center of the district is Dornbirn.

Administrative divisions
The district consists of three municipalities, two of which (Dornbirn and Hohenems) are towns, the third (Lustenau) being the largest market town in Austria. Hohenems is the youngest town in Vorarlberg to have received town privileges (in 1983).

Towns
Dornbirn (46.080)
Hohenems (15.350)

Market town
Lustenau (21.291)

(population numbers January 1, 2012)

Districts of Vorarlberg


text:
"The Whole Truth" je 41. epizoda televizijske serije Izgubljeni i 16. epizoda druge sezone serije. Režirala ju je Karen Gaviola, a napisali su je Elizabeth Sarnoff i Christina M. Kim. Prvi puta je emitirana 22. ožujka 2006. godine na televizijskoj mreži ABC. Glavni lik radnje epizode je Sun Kwon (Yunjin Kim).

Radnja

Prije otoka
Sun i Jin nalaze se u svojem stanu i upravo se spremaju voditi ljubav kada Jin upita Sun je li izmjerila temperaturu te na taj način kvari raspoloženje. Govori joj da već godinu dana pokušavaju dobiti dijete te smatra da bi ona trebala posjetiti doktora za plodnost. Sun ga upita zbog čega želi imati dijete koje ionako nikad neće vidjeti na što joj Jin odgovara da mu je žao zbog stvari koje mora činiti za njezinog oca, ali da bi njihovo dijete moglo sve promijeniti. Doktor za plodnost, međutim, govori Sun da ne može začeti zbog uznapredovale endometrioze.

Nakon toga Sun dolazi u hotelsku sobu gdje se sastaje s Jaeom Leejem, njezinim udvaračem prije nego što je upoznala Jina. Njih dvoje očigledno se redovito susreću kako bi učili engleski jezik, a Sun ga traži savjete za svoju vezu. Govori mu da joj je drago što je neplodna, a kada ju Jae pita zbog čega uči engleski, ona mu odgovara da namjerava ostaviti Jina i otići u Ameriku. Jae govori Sun da nitko ne može pobjeći od vlastitog života. Sun ga upita je li Jin njezin život, ali joj Jae kaže da on ne misli da bi trebala ostati s njim.

Ubrzo potom Sun šeće svog psa kada joj prilazi doktor za plodnost i priznaje da je zapravo Jin taj koji ne može imati djecu. To joj govori zbog toga što kada bi njezin otac saznao da je Jin taj koji ne može imati djece, zatvorio bi njegovu ordinaciju.

Na otoku
Ljutiti Jin pokušava otjerati Sun iz njezinog vrta natrag do plaže zbog nedavnog napada na nju koji je izvršen upravo u vrtu. Posvađaju se i u ljutnji Jin uništava sve posađene biljke. Ona odlazi na plažu gdje susreće Bernarda i Rose koji se također svađaju. Kasnije zamoli Sawyera da joj da test za trudnoću za koji se ispostavlja da je proizveden u jednom od Widmoreovih laboratorija.

Locke nagovara Anu Luciju da bi ona trebala ispitati Henryja Galea s obzirom na činjenicu da je bila policajka i da je već imala susrete s Drugima. Henry se, međutim, još uvijek drži svoje priče o balonu i čak nacrta mapu koja vodi do balona i do mjesta gdje je navodno pokopao svoju suprugu. Ana Lucia mu obećava da će ga ostaviti na životu ako se mapa ispostavi točnom. Skupa sa Sayidom i Charliejem (za kojeg se ispostavi da je već od ranije znao za zatvorenika u oknu), ona odlazi u potragu za balonom. Uskoro otkriva da Charlie nosi skriveni pištolj te ga moli da ga da nekome tko ga uistinu zna koristiti. Charlie joj na to jednostavno odgovara da je ona, posljednji puta kada je imala pištolj, nekoga ubila te daje pištolj Sayidu.

Dok Sun čeka rezultate testa za trudnoću, upita Kate je li ona to ikada radila na što joj ova odgovara da jest. Sun joj zahvaljuje što se nalazi uz nju bez postavljanja puno pitanja. Test se pokaže pozitivnim, a Sun se ne čini oduševljenom te ode do Jacka upitati ga koliko su ovakvi testovi točni. On joj kaže da su poprilično točni pa ga ona zamoli da nikome ne kaže za njezinu trudnoću.

Ana Lucia se pridružuje Sayidu uz logorsku vatru te mu govori da zna da nije omiljena među ljudima i da je cijeli život provela kako bi to ispravila. Ispričava mu se za ono što je učinila, a Sayid joj govori da to nije bila njezina krivica te nadodaje da će se nešto morati napraviti kada se ispostavi da je Henry zbilja jedan od Drugih. Ujutro krenu ponovno tražiti balon za koji se ispostavlja da se ne nalazi na mjestu na kojem je Henry rekao da bi trebao biti. Ana Lucia inzistira da bi trebali još malo potražiti okolo pa se svi razdvoje.

Bernard traži školjke za svoju suprugu, a Jin mu na engleskom govori da nema školji tu gdje ih traži. U tom trenutku dolazi Sawyer koji govori Bernardu da je Sun trudna, a čini se da ih Jin može razumjeti. Nakon toga vidimo Jina kako ponovno sadi biljke koje je iščupao u vrtu. On govori Sun da se mrzi svađati te da mrzi činjenicu što teško može razumjeti druge. Ispričava joj se, a Sun mu govori da je trudna. On je presretan zbog toga, ali mu Sun govori da je on bio taj zbog kojeg nisu ranije mogli zatrudnjeti. On ju upita kako je moguće da je sada trudna, ali ga ona uvjerava da ga nije prevarila. Nakon toga pomogne joj ponovno napraviti vrt, a kada poželi otići do plaže poljubi je i na engleskom joj kaže da ju voli.

Za to vrijeme Jack upita Henryja uživa li u knjizi te ga izvodi iz prostorije u kojoj se do tada cijelo vrijeme nalazio. Henry upita čemu služi kompjuter, ali Jack mu odgovara da ne služi ničemu. Henry počne jesti žitarice i kaže da je to vjerojatno nagrada zbog toga što je nacrtao mapu. Locke i Jack se čudno pogledaju, jer njih dvojica nemaju pojma o nikakvoj mapi. Nakon toga Henry "hipotetski" razmišlja na glas i govori da bi, da je zbilja pripadnik Drugih, nacrtao mapu koja bi Anu Luciju, Sayida i Charlieja odvela u stupicu kako bi ih Drugi uzeli za taoce i zamijenili za njega. Također doda da je sreća što on zapravo nije Drugi te nonšalantno upita ima li još mlijeka za pahuljice.

Produkcija
Glumac Michael Emerson, koji u seriji tumači ulogu Henryja Galea, u početku se trebao pojaviti samo u tri epizode, s tim da je prva bila One of Them. Producenti su bili toliko impresionirani njegovom performansom da su mu odmah produžili ugovor na pet epizoda, citirajući upravo posljednju scenu ove epizode u kojoj Henry traži još mlijeka kao trenutak u kojem su shvatili da će ga "zadržati". Od treće sezone nadalje Emerson je postao stalni član glumačke postave serije.

Gledanost
Epizodu The Whole Truth gledalo je 15,30 milijuna ljudi kada se prvi puta emitirala.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
"The Whole Truth"  na ABC-u

Epizode serije Izgubljeni


text:
Tvåfårad diamantnemertin (Tetrastemma ambiguum) är en djurart som tillhör fylumet slemmaskar, och som beskrevs av Riches 1893. Enligt Catalogue of Life ingår Tvåfårad diamantnemertin i släktet Tetrastemma och familjen Tetrastemmatidae, men enligt Dyntaxa är tillhörigheten istället släktet Tetrastemma, och ordningen Hoplonemertea. Det är osäkert om arten förekommer i Sverige. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Slemmaskar


text:
Izabela Antos (ur. 5 grudnia 1986 w Otwocku) – polska urzędniczka państwowa i prawnik, od 2021 podsekretarz stanu w Kancelarii Prezesa Rady Ministrów.

Życiorys
Ukończyła studia prawnicze na Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego. Kształciła się na studiach podyplomowych z prawa międzynarodowego, rozpoczęła odbywanie aplikacji radcowskiej. Przez ponad 3 lata pracowała jako specjalista i kierownik zespołu relacji z organami statutowymi w Powszechnym Zakładzie Ubezpieczeń, działała także jako wolontariusz w zespole prawnym przy organizacji Euro 2012. W 2017 przeszła do pracy w Ministerstwie Rozwoju, gdzie doradzała Mateuszowi Morawieckiemu, w 2018 pozostała na stanowisku, gdy Morawiecki został Prezesem Rady Ministrów. W ramach Kancelarii Premiera objęła ponadto funkcję dyrektor Departamentu Instrumentów Rozwojowych. Zasiadła w radach nadzorczych Polskiego Funduszu Rozwoju, AB Lotos Geonafta oraz Orlen Unipetrol.

W październiku 2021 powołana na stanowiska podsekretarza stanu i zastępcy szefa Kancelarii Prezesa Rady Ministrów.

Przypisy

Absolwenci Wydziału Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego
Ludzie urodzeni w Otwocku
Ludzie związani z przemysłem petrochemicznym
Ludzie związani z ubezpieczeniami w Polsce
Ministrowie w Kancelarii Prezesa Rady Ministrów
Polscy menedżerowie
Polscy prawnicy
Urodzeni w 1986


text:
Strange Wilderness ("Grandes Animais"pt ou "Programa Animal"br) é um filme estadunidense cômico que foi lançado, em 1 de Fevereiro de 2008 nos EUA.

Sinopse
O apresentador Peter Gaulke (Steve Zahn) e seu ajudante Fred Wolf (Allen Covert) tem um programa de TV sobre animais selvagens chamado "Strange Wilderness", que está em um declínio nas pesquisas de audiência. Desesperados para permanecer no ar, eles bolam um plano para achar a mais estranha criatura na terra, o Pé Grande. Mas quando pigmeus assassinos, um guarda muito estranho e um peru amoroso ameaçam encurtar a expedição, a equipe do Programa Animal descobre que, mesmo com muito bom humor, a natureza é uma péssima mãe.

Elenco

Ligações externas
 Cine Pop

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 2008
Filmes de comédia dos Estados Unidos
Filmes em língua inglesa


text:
Université Marien Ngouabi är ett universitet i Kongo-Brazzavilles huvudstad Brazzaville. Det var landets enda statliga universitet tills Université Denis Sassou-Nguesso öppnades 2021. Det är uppkallat efter den förre presidenten Marien Ngouabi.

Källor

Externa länkar
Officiell webbplats

Marien Ngouabi
Brazzaville


text:
Novonyikolajevka (orosz betűkkel: Новоникола́евка, baskír nyelven: Яңы Николаевка) falu Oroszországban, a Baskír Köztársaságban, a Miskinói járásban.

Népesség
 2002-ben 204 lakosa volt, akik mindannyian marik.
 2010-ben 154 lakosa volt.

Források
 Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года. Национальный состав населения по регионам России. Демоскоп Weekly.
 Baskírföld nemzetiségi összetételéről: Янгузин Р.З. Этнический состав населения Башкортостана (по итогам Всероссийской переписи населения 2002 г.) - Уфа: Китап, 2007, 124 стр,
 A 2010-es népszámlálás eredményei: [ Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года по Республике Башкортостан]

Baskíria települései


text:
Noëlle-Catherine Grand, besser bekannt als Madame Talleyrand-Périgord, Princesse de Bénévent (* 21. November 1762 in Tharangambadi, Indien; † 10. Dezember 1834 in Pont-de-Sains bei Paris), war eine französische Mätresse, Salonnière und eine bekannte Schönheit des 19. Jahrhunderts.

Leben
Noëlle-Catherine Verlée (oder Worlée) war die zweite Tochter des Fregatten-Leutnants und Hafen-Kapitäns von Chandernagor Jean-Pierre Verlée und seiner Ehefrau Laurence Alleigne. 1777 zog die Familie nach Chandernagor um. Dort wurde sie mit dem Engländer mit französischer Herkunft, George Francis Grand, einem Oberleutnant des British Civil Service, bekannt gemacht. Am 7. April 1778 heiratete sie ihn in der Kirche von Chandernagor und am selben Tag in der St. John's Church in Kalkutta. Das Ehepaar ließ sich in Kalkutta nieder. Einige Zeit später kamen Gerüchte auf, dass sie eine Liebesbeziehung mit dem reichen irischen Offizier und Politiker Sir Philip Francis unterhielt. Zunächst brachte Grand seine Frau nach Chandernagore zurück, schickte sie jedoch einige Monate später mit einem Schiff nach England.

Nach einigen amourösen Abenteuern in England ging Catherine Grand 1783 nach Frankreich, wo sie in Paris einen bekannten Literarischen Salon in der Rue du Sentier führte und zu einer der berüchtigten Pariser Kurtisanen aufstieg. Zu ihren Geliebten gehörten der Bankier Valdec de Lessart und der Entomologe Maximilian Spinola.

1792 wurde der Palais des Tuileries von der Pariser Bevölkerung und den Delegierten der Provinzen gestürmt. Ludwig XVI. wurde gefangen genommen und ins Gefängnis gebracht. Catherine Grand gelang die Flucht aus Paris zurück nach England. Sie kehrte nach dem Sturz von Maximilien de Robespierre zurück nach Frankreich und wurde kurz darauf unter dem Vorwurf der Spionage ins Gefängnis gebracht. Sie wurde vor dem Revolutionstribunal wegen Unterstützung der Konterrevolution und Kontakten zu Emigrierten angeklagt und zum Tode verurteilt. Aus dem Gefängnis heraus bat sie den Außenminister, Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (1754–1838), um Intervention. Die Schönheit und Anmut der jungen Frau hatte Einfluss auf den Minister, einen ehemaligen Bischof der römisch-katholischen Kirche.

Nach ihrer Freilassung lebte Madame Grand mit Talleyrand in der Amtsresidenz des Ministers in wilder Ehe. Napoleon Bonaparte forderte nach dem Konkordat von 1801 von Talleyrand, seine Geliebte entweder zu heiraten oder sie aufzugeben. Madame Grand könne jedenfalls nicht als Mätresse des Außenministers den französischen Staat repräsentieren. Grands Ehemann wurde großzügig abgefunden und mit einem Posten in der Kapprovinz belohnt, nachdem er in die Scheidung eingewilligt hatte. Die Hochzeit von Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord und Catherine Grand fand am 9. September 1802 in der Rue de Verneuil im Beisein von Bonaparte und dessen Frau Joséphine de Beauharnais statt. Talleyrands Interesse an seiner Ehefrau kühlte nach der Hochzeit deutlich ab.

Madame Talleyrand reiste darauf nach England. Der französische Botschafter in London vermittelte zwischen dem Ehepaar Talleyrand und sie kehrte nach Paris zurück. In den folgenden Jahren erfüllte Madame Talleyrand ihre Aufgaben als Frau des Ministers bis zur Abreise ihres Ehemannes zum Wiener Kongress. Auf dieser Reise wurde Talleyrand von seiner Nichte, der Gräfin Dorothea von Biron, begleitet und Madame Talleyrand verließ Paris erneut. Sie zog zunächst nach London, später nach Brüssel und nahm zuletzt nördlich von Paris in Pont-de-Sains ihren Wohnsitz.

Name in verschiedenen Lebensphasen
 1762–1798 Noëlle-Catherine Verlée (oder Worlée)
 1798–1802 Noëlle-Catherine Grand
 1802–1834 Noëlle-Catherine de Talleyrand-Périgord
 1806–1813 Noëlle-Catherine de Talleyrand-Périgord, Princesse de Bénévent

Literatur
 Yvonne Robert Gaebele: Des Plages du coromandel aux salens du Consulat et de L' Empire

Weblinks

 Madame Grand, später Princess de Talleyrand (englisch)
 Madame Grand, später Princess de Talleyrand (englisch)
 Madame Grand, später Princess de Talleyrand (englisch)
 Madame Grand, später Princess de Talleyrand (englisch)

Anmerkungen

Mätresse
Salonnière
⚭Catherine
Franzose
Geboren 1762
Gestorben 1834
Frau


text:
Academic writing or scholarly writing is nonfiction writing produced as part of academic work in accordance with the standards and disciplines of each academic subject, including reports on empirical fieldwork or research in facilities for the natural sciences or social sciences, monographs in which scholars analyze culture, propose new theories, or develop interpretations from archives, as well as undergraduate versions of all of these.

Though the tone, style, content, and organization of academic writing vary across genres and across publication methods, nearly all academic writing shares a relatively formal prose register, frequent reference to other academic work, and the use of fairly stable rhetorical moves to define the scope of the project, situate it in the relevant research, and to advance a new contribution.

Academic style
Academic writing often features prose register that is conventionally characterized by "evidence...that the writer(s) have been persistent, open-minded, and disciplined in the study"; that prioritizes "reason over emotion or sensual perception"; and that imagines a reader who is "coolly rational, reading for information, and intending to formulate a reasoned response."

Three linguistic patterns that correspond to these goals, across fields and genres, include the following:

 a balance of caution and certainty, or a balance of hedging and boosting;
 explicit cohesion through a range of cohesive ties and moves; and
 compression, or dense noun phrases to add detail rather than more dependent clauses.

The stylistic means of achieving these conventions can differ by academic discipline, which helps explain the distinctive sounds of, for example, writing in history versus engineering or physics versus philosophy. Biber and Gray suggested that there are significant differences with regards to complexity in academic writing in humanities versus science, with humanities writing often focused on structural elaboration, and sciences, on structural compression.

One theory that attempts to account for these differences in writing is known as "discourse communities".

Criticism

Academic style, particularly in humanities, has often been criticized for being too full of jargon and hard to understand by the general public. In 2022, Joelle Renstrom argued that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on academic writing and that many scientific articles now "contain more jargon than ever, which encourages misinterpretation, political spin, and a declining public trust in the scientific process."

Discourse community

A discourse community is essentially a group of people that shares mutual interests and beliefs. "It establishes limits and regularities...who may speak, what may be spoken, and how it is to be said; in addition [rules] prescribe what is true and false, what is reasonable and what foolish, and what is meant and what not."

The concept of a discourse community is vital to academic writers across nearly all disciplines, for the academic writer's purpose is to influence how their community understands its field of study: whether by maintaining, adding to, revising, or contesting what that community regards as "known" or "true." Academic writers have strong incentives to follow conventions established by their community in order for their attempts to influence this community to be legible.

Discourse community constraints
Constraints are the discourse community's written and unwritten conventions about what a writer can say and how he or she can say it. They define what is an acceptable argument. Each discourse community expects to see a writer construct his or her argument using their conventional style of language and vocabulary, and they expect a writer to use the established intertext within the discourse community as the building blocks for his or her argument.

Writing for a discourse community
In order for a writer to become familiar with some of the constraints of the discourse community they are writing for, across most discourses communities, writers will:
 Identify the novelty of their position
 Make a claim, or thesis
 Acknowledge prior work and situate their claim in a disciplinary context
 Offer warrants for one's view based on community-specific arguments and procedures

Each of theses above are constructed differently depending on the discourse community the writer is in. For example, the way a claim is made in a high school paper would look very different from the way a claim is made in a college composition class. It is important for the academic writer to familiarize himself or herself with the conventions of the discourse community by reading and analyzing other works, so that the writer is best able to communicate his or her ideas.

Writing Across the Curriculum designates educational programs that support improving student writing in the different disciplinary communities, through writing centers, courses in writing programs, and disciplinary courses with substantial writing requirements. The Writing Across the Curriculum Clearinghouse provides resources for such programs at all levels of education.

Novel argument
Within discourse communities, academic writers build on top of the ideas established by previous writers.

Good academic writers know the importance of researching previous work from within the discourse community and using this work to build their own claims. By taking these ideas and expanding upon them or applying them in a new way, a writer is able to make their novel argument.

Intertextuality
Intertextuality is the combining of past writings into original, new pieces of text. Usually attributed to Julia Kristeva, the concept of intertextuality is helpful for understanding that all texts are necessarily related to prior texts through a network of explicit or implicit links, allusions, repetitions, acknowledged or unacknowledged inspiration, and direct quotations. Writers (often unwittingly) make use of what has previously been written and thus some degree of borrowing is inevitable. One of the most salient features of academic writing irrespective of discipline is its unusually explicit conventions for marking intertextuality through citation and bibliography. Conventions for these markings (e.g., MLA, APA, IEEE, Chicago, etc.) vary by discourse community.

Summarizing and integrating other texts in academic writing is often metaphorically described as "entering the conversation," as described by Kenneth Burke:

Key elements
There are a number of areas of importance in all academic and scholarly writing. While some areas, such as the use of appropriate references and the avoidance of plagiarism, are not open to challenge, other elements, such as the appropriate style, are contested.

Style
Contrary to stereotype, published academic research is not particularly syntactically complex; it is instead a fairly low-involvement register characterized by the modification of nominal elements through hedging and refining elaborations, often presented as sequences of objects of prepositions such as what, where, when, and whom.
Logical structure
Writing should be organised in a manner which demonstrates clarity of thought.
Appropriate references
Generally speaking, the range and organization of references illustrate the author's awareness of the current state of knowledge in the field (including major current disagreements or controversies); typically the expectation is that these references will be formatted in the relevant disciplinary citation system.
Bibliography
Typically this lists those materials read as background, evidencing wider reading, and will include the sources of individual citations.
Avoidance of plagiarism
Plagiarism, the "wrongful appropriation of another author's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions", and the representation of them as one's own original work, is considered academic dishonesty, and can lead to severe consequences.

Academic genres
Academic writing encompasses many different genres, indicating the many different kinds of authors, audiences and activities engaged in the academy and the variety of kinds of messages sent among various people engaged in the academy.  The partial list below indicates the complexity of academic writing and the academic world it is part of.

By researchers for other researchers
 Scholarly monograph, in many types and varieties
 Chapter in an edited volume
 Book Review
 Conference paper
 Essay; usually short, between 1,500 and 6,000 words in length
 Explication; usually a short factual note explaining some part of a particular work; e.g. its terminology, dialect, allusions or coded references
 Literature review or Review Essay; a summary and careful comparison of previous academic work published on a specific topic
 Research Article
 Research proposal
 Site description and plan (e.g. in archeology)
 Technical report
 Translation
 Journal article (e.g. History Today); usually presenting a digest of recent research

Technical or administrative forms
 Brief; short summary, often instructions for a commissioned work
 Peer review report
 Proposal for research or for a book
 White paper; detailed technical specifications and/or performance report

Collating the work of others
 Anthology; collection, collation, ordering and editing of the work of others
 Catalogue raisonné; the definitive collection of the work of a single artist, in book form
 Collected works; often referred to as the 'critical edition'. The definitive collection of the work of a single writer or poet, in book form, carefully purged of publishers errors and later forgeries, etc.
 Monograph or exhibition catalog; usually containing exemplary works, and a scholarly essay. Sometime contains new work by a creative writer, responding to the work
 Transcribing, selecting and ordering oral testimony (e.g. oral history recordings)

Research and planning
 Empirical research
 Experimental plan
 Laboratory report
 Raw data collection plan
 Research proposal, including research questions
 Structured notes

Newer forms
 Collaborative writing, especially using the internet
 Hypertext, often incorporating new media and multimedia forms within the text
 Performative writing (see also: belles-lettres)

By graduate students for their advisors and committees

 Doctoral Dissertation, completed over a number of years, often in excess of 20,000 words in length
 Masters Thesis  (in some regions referred to as Masters Dissertation), often completed within a year and between 6,000 and 20,000 words in length.
 Thesis or Dissertation Proposal

By undergraduate students for their instructors
 Research Paper; longer essay involving library research, 3000 to 6000 words in length
Book report
Exam Essays

By instructors for students
 Exam questions
 Instructional pamphlet, or hand-out, or reading list
 Presentations; usually short, often illustrated
 Syllabus

Summaries of knowledge for researchers, students or general public
 Annotated bibliography
 Annotated catalogue, often of an individual or group's papers and/or library
 Simplified graphical representation of knowledge; e.g. a map, or refining a display generated from a database. There will often be a 'key' or written work incorporated with the final work
 Creating a timeline or chronological plan. There will often be a 'key' or written work incorporated with the final work
 Devising a classification scheme; e.g. for animals, or newly arisen sub-cultures, or a radically new style of design
 Encyclopedia entry or Handbook chapter

Disseminating knowledge outside the academy
 Call for papers
 Documentary film script or TV script or radio script
 Obituary
 Opinion; an academic may sometimes be asked to give an expert written opinion, for use in a legal case before a court of law
 Newspaper opinion article
 Public speech or lecture
 Review of a book, film, exhibition, event, etc.
 Think-tank pamphlet, position paper, or briefing paper

Personal forms often for general public
These are acceptable to some academic disciplines, e.g. Cultural studies, Fine art, Feminist studies, Queer theory, Literary studies
 Artist's book or Chapbook
 Autobiography
 Belles-lettres; stylish or aesthetic writing on serious subjects, often with reference to one's personal experience
 Commonplace book
 Diary or Weblog
 Memoire; usually a short work, giving one's own memories of a famous person or event
 Notebooks

Format
A commonly recognized format for presenting original research in the social and applied sciences is known as IMRD, an initialism that refers to the usual ordering of subsections:
 Introduction (Overview of relevant research and objective of current study)
 Method (Assumptions, questions, procedures described in replicable or at least reproducible detail)
 Results (Presentation of findings; often includes visual displays of quantitative data charts, plots)
and
 Discussion (Analysis, Implications, Suggested Next Steps)

Standalone methods sections are atypical in presenting research in the humanities; other common formats in the applied and social sciences are IMRAD (which offers an "Analysis" section separate from the implications presented in the "Discussion" section) and IRDM (found in some engineering subdisciplines, which features Methods at the end of the document).

Other common sections in academic documents are:
 Abstract
 Acknowledgments
 Indices
 Bibliography
 List of references
 Appendix/Addendum, any addition to a document

See also

 Academia
 Academic authorship
 Academic ghostwriting
 Academic journal
 Academic publishing
 Author editing
 Creative class
 Criticism
 Expository writing
 Knowledge worker
 Persuasive writing or rhetoric
 Publishing
 Research paper mill
 Rhetorical device
 Scientific writing
 Scientific publishing
 Scholarly method
 Scholarly skywriting
 Style guide

References

Further reading

General
 C. Bazerman, J. Little, T. Chavkin, D. Fouquette, L. Bethel, and J. Garufis (2005). Writing across the curriculum. Parlor Press and WAC Clearinghouse. https://wac.colostate.edu/books/referenceguides/bazerman-wac/
 C. Bazerman & D. Russell (1994). Landmark essays in writing across the curriculum.  Davis, CA: Hermagoras Press.

 Borg, Erik (2003). 'Discourse Community', English Language Teaching (ELT) Journal, Vol. 57, Issue 4, pp. 398–400

 Coinam, David (2004). 'Concordancing Yourself: A Personal Exploration of Academic Writing', Language Awareness, Vol. 13, Issue 1, pp. 49–55

 Goodall, H. Lloyd, Jr. (2000). Writing Qualitative Inquiry: Self, Stories, and Academic Life (Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press)
 Johns, Ann M. (1997). Text, Role and Context: Developing Academic Literacies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
 King, Donald W., Carol Tenopir, Songphan Choemprayong, and Lei Wu (2009). 'Scholarly Journal Information Seeking and Reading Patterns of Faculty at Five U.S. Universities', Learned Publishing, Vol. 22, Issue 2, pp. 126–144
 Kouritzin, Sandra G., Nathalie A. C Piquemal, and Renee Norman, eds (2009). Qualitative Research: Challenging the Orthodoxies in Standard Academic Discourse(s) (New York: Routledge)
 Lincoln, Yvonna S, and Norman K Denzin (2003). Turning Points in Qualitative Research: Tying Knots in a Handkerchief (Walnut Creek, CA; Oxford: AltaMira Press)
 Luey, Beth (2010). Handbook for Academic Authors, 5th edn (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
 Murray, Rowena, and Sarah Moore (2006). The Handbook of Academic Writing: A Fresh Approach (Maidenhead: Open University Press)
 Nash, Robert J. (2004). Liberating Scholarly Writing: The Power of Personal Narrative (New York; London: Teachers College Press)
 Paltridge, Brian (2004). 'Academic Writing', Language Teaching, Vol. 37, Issue 2, pp. 87–105
 Pelias, Ronald J. (1999). Writing Performance: Poeticizing the Researcher's Body (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press)
 Prior, Paul A. (1998). Writing/Disciplinarity: A Sociohistoric Account of Literate Activity in the Academy (Mahwah, NJ; London: Lawrence Erlbaum)
 Rhodes, Carl and Andrew D. Brown (2005). 'Writing Responsibly: Narrative Fiction and Organization Studies', The Organization: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Organizations and Society, Vol. 12, Issue 4, pp. 467–491
 Richards, Janet C., and Sharon K. Miller (2005). Doing Academic Writing in Education: Connecting the Personal and the Professional (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum)

The University of Sydney. (2019). Academic Writing.

Architecture, design and art
 Crysler, C. Greig (2002). Writing Spaces: Discourses of Architecture, Urbanism and the Built Environment (London: Routledge)
 Francis, Pat (2009). Inspiring Writing in Art and Design: Taking a Line for a Write (Bristol; Chicago: Intellect)
 Frayling, Christopher (1993). 'Research in Art and Design', Royal College of Art Research Papers, Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 1–5
 Piotrowski, Andrzej (2008). 'The Spectacle of Architectural Discourses', Architectural Theory Review, Vol. 13, Issue 2, pp. 130–144

Bibliography
 Baldo, Shannon. "Elves and Extremism: the use of Fantasy in the Radical Environmentalist Movement." Young Scholars in Writing: Undergraduate Research in Writing and Rhetoric 7 (Spring 2010): 108–15. Print.
 Greene, Stuart. "Argument as Conversation: The Role of Inquiry in Writing a Researched Argument." n. page. Print.
 Kantz, Margaret. "Helping Students Use Textual Sources Persuasively." College English 52.1 (1990): 74–91. Print.
 Porter, James. "Intertextuality and the Discourse Community."Rhetoric Review. 5.1 (1986): 34–47. Print.

Writing
Second language writing


text:
Nadine Heredia Alarcón de Humala (Lima, 25 de maig de 1976) és una comunicadora i política peruana. Esposa de l'expresident del Perú, Ollanta Humala i exprimera dama del país, és també cofundadora del Partit Nacionalista Peruà, del qual va exercir el càrrec de presidenta (2013-2016).

Biografia
Nadine Heredia de Humala és descendent d'una família ayacuchana, de la província de Páucar del Sara Sara. És filla d'Ángel Heredia Palomino i Antonia Alarcón Cubes.

La mare d'Ollanta, Elena Tasso Heredia, és cosina de Nadine, és a dir, Nadine és tia en cinquè grau del seu espòs Ollanta.

Heredia va seguir els estudis secundaris al Col·legi María de las Mercedes; després va ingressar a la Universitat de Lima per estudiar ciències de la comunicació i va obtenir el grau de batxiller. Posteriorment va seguir estudis de mestratge en Sociologia a la Pontifícia Universitat Catòlica del Perú.

Va seguir alguns cursos de doctorat en Sociologia a la Universitat Sorbona Nova - París 3, quan el seu marit va ser transferit a França com a agregat militar.

Va treballar per a organitzacions internacionals com l'Agència dels Estats Units per al Desenvolupament Internacional (USAID).

Nadine va conèixer el llavors oficial de l'Exèrcit Ollanta Humala el 1996; després es van casar i van tenir tres fills: Illary, Nayra i Samín.

És cofundadora i va ser presidenta interina del Partit Nacionalista Peruà (actual Gana Perú). El seu marit, Ollanta Humala, va ser president del Perú del 2011 al 2016.

Al novembre de 2016, va ser designada directora de l'Oficina d'Enllaç de l'Organització de les Nacions Unides per a l'Alimentació i l'Agricultura (FAO) en Ginebra, Suïssa.

Imatge pública
Heredia ha estat relacionada financerament amb el govern de l'expresident veneçolà Hugo Chávez des de les eleccions generals del Perú de 2006; la premsa peruana indica que va ser contractada per aquest expresident per escriure articles que mai van ser publicats, a canvi de la qual cosa va ser remunerada.

En els anys que va governar el seu marit, Ollanta Humala, es va notar una activa participació d'Heredia en reunions nacionals i internacionals, en les quals no s'acostuma convidar esposes de mandataris per no ser part del protocol. A més, ha generat diverses controvèrsies mitjançant l'ús del seu compte Twitter, des de la qual, després de diversos escàndols del govern, ha anunciat mesures o ha emès comentaris relatius als temes de govern, fins i tot sense que el mateix president o algun membre de govern hagi manat algun comunicat oficial o un altre comentari autoritzat, per aquesta raó actualment la fiscalia peruana desenvolupa una recerca per usurpació de funcions. En els mesos previs a la transferència el seu nivell d'aprovació va ser de només 9 %.

D'acord amb un Informe d'Intel·ligència Financera de l'any 2009, hi va haver abonaments en un compte d'Heredia, realitzats per persones naturals que, segons la informació recaptada, "no disposaven de prou condicions econòmiques per solucionar aquestes despeses". Mentre que d'acord amb un Reporti d'Operacions del 2008 pel Banc de Crèdit del Perú sobre Heredia, "es tracta d'un client sensible, esposa d'un excandidat a la presidència, i capdavantera d'un partit polític. L'activitat i font dels fons que ha canalitzat a través de la nostra institució [BCP] no han estat sustentats".

Al maig de 2015, es va revelar en un informe periodístic les excessives despeses que realitzava Heredia mitjançant una targeta de crèdit atorgada per una amiga; aquestes incloïen les costoses marques Louis Vuitton, Óscar de la Renda i Thomas Pink, a més de l'hostalatge a Disneyland Paris, compres a H-Stern, entre altres. Es va mostrar, a més, que la titular de la targeta havia rebut dipòsits d'empreses lligades al govern veneçolà.

L'agost de 2015, el programa de televisió Panorama va revelar el contingut de quatre agendes, pertanyents a Heredia, però ella en va negar la veracitat fins que, al mes de novembre, va reconèixer-ne l'autoria dient: "després d'efectuar una detinguda revisió de la còpia dels documents originals (…), he pogut comprovar que aquells documents són de la meva propietat i que van ser sostrets il·lícitament del meu domicili".Actualment es troba en plena recerca judicial per usurpació de càrrecs durant el govern de l'expresident Ollanta Humala.

Distincions honorífiques
 Dama Gran Creu de la Real Ordre d'Isabel la Catòlica (Regne d'Espanya, 03/07/2015).

Referències

Persones de Lima
Polítics peruans
Alumnes de la Universitat Pontifícia Catòlica del Perú
Alumnes de la Universitat de la Sorbonne Nova
Gran Creu de l'orde d'Isabel la Catòlica
Sociòlegs peruans
Naixements del 1976


text:
Лаваллетт () — боро в Ошене (Нью-Джерси, США). Согласно переписи 2010 года, население составляет 1875 человек. Лаваллетт расположен на .

Лаваллетт был зарегистрирован в качестве боро Легислатурой Нью-Джерси 21 декабря 1887 года по итогам референдума, который прошёл 19 декабря того же года.

Лаваллетт назван в честь , который был одним из первых контр-адмиралов ВМС США после того, как президент Авраам Линкольн учредил это звание в июле 1862 года, и который был отцом Альберта Т. Лаваллетта, одного из основателей боро.

В 2008 году журнал  поставил Лаваллетт на 8 место в списке «Лучшие места для жизни» в Нью-Джерси.

География
По данным Бюро переписи населения США, Лаваллетт имеет общую площадь в 2,50 км2. Из них 2,11 км2 приходятся на сушу, а 0,38 км2 — на воду.

Боро граничит с Томс-Ривером.

Население

Дороги и магистрали
По состоянию на май 2010 года в Лавалетте было в общей сложности 26,63 км дорог.

Примечания

Населённые пункты, основанные в 1887 году
Боро Нью-Джерси
Населённые пункты округа Ошен


text:
Nymphon hamatum är en havsspindelart som beskrevs av Hoek, P.P.C. 1881. Nymphon hamatum ingår i släktet Nymphon och familjen Nymphonidae.

Artens utbredningsområde är Södra Ishavet. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Havsspindlar
hamatum


text:
Sef Imkamp (10 March 1925, in Beek – 2 July 2013, in The Hague) was a Dutch politician.

References

1925 births
2013 deaths
Democrats 66 politicians
Dutch legal scholars
Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)
People from Beek
Radboud University Nijmegen alumni


text:
Геррит Циттербарт (; род. , ) — немецкий пианист.

Учился в разное время в зальцбургском Моцартеуме у Ханса Лейграфа, в Ганноверской Высшей школе музыки у Карла Энгеля, во Фрайбургской Высшей школе музыки у Карла Зеемана, в Бонне у Штефана Ашкеназе и др.

Наибольшую известность приобрёл как ансамблевый музыкант — участник (с 1976 года) первого и единственного состава Абегг-трио, одного из наиболее известных фортепианных трио Европы, выступившего с более чем 1200 концертами в 50 странах, записавшего более 30 дисков и т. д. Постоянными партнёрами Циттербарта были также скрипач Маттиас Мецгер и мандолинистка Дениза Вамбсганс. С другой стороны, Циттербарт известен как мастер исторического исполнительства, играющий на хаммерклавире, тангентенфлюгеле и других старинных клавишных инструментах (преимущественно соло, но иногда и в составе трио); в 2008 году Циттербарт дал первый в истории концерт на хаммерклавире в Пекине.

Как солист Циттербарт записал ряд сонат и концертов Иоганна Христиана Баха, Вольфганга Амадея Моцарта, Людвига ван Бетховена, Муцио Клементи, Франца Шуберта, Иоганна Непомука Гуммеля, Роберта Шумана, Фридерика Шопена, Иоганнеса Брамса. Кроме того, Циттербарту принадлежит ряд записей, предназначенных специально для детской аудитории.

С 1981 года Циттербарт преподаёт в Ганноверской Высшей школе музыки, с 1983 г. профессор, с 2007 г. вице-президент.

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт

Пианисты Германии
Академические музыканты Германии
Преподаватели Ганноверской высшей школы музыки и театра


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Bourbon Mária Terézia (ismert még mint Spanyolországi Mária Terézia infánsnő, , , Madrid, Spanyol Királyság, 1726. június 11. – Fontainebleau, Francia Királyság, 1746. július 22.), a Bourbon-ház spanyol ágából származó infánsnő, V. Fülöp spanyol király és Farnese Erzsébet leánya, aki Bourbon Lajos Ferdinánd első hitveseként francia trónörökösné, dauphine.

Élete

Származása, testvérei

Mária Terézia Antónia Rafaella infánsnő 1726. június 11-én született a madridi királyi palotában. Édesapja a Bourbon-házból való V. Fülöp spanyol király (1683–1746) volt, korábban Anjou hercege, Lajos francia trónörökös herceg (Louis de France, le Grand Dauphin 1661–1711) és Mária Anna Viktória Krisztina bajor hercegnő (1660–1690) fia, XIV. Lajos francia király unokája.

Édesanyja V. Fülöp második felesége, Farnese Erzsébet parmai hercegnő (1692–1766) volt, II. Odoardo herceg (1666–1693) és a Wittelsbach-házból származó Dorottya Zsófia pfalz–neuburgi hercegnő (1670–1748) leánya.

Szülei házasságából hét testvér született:

 Károly (1716–1788), aki 1759-ben féltestvérének, VI. Ferdinánd királynak halála után III. Károly néven lépett a spanyol trónra.
 Ferenc (1717–1717), csecsemőként meghalt.
 Mária Anna Viktória (1718–1781), aki 1721–1725-ig XV. Lajos francia király hivatalosan eljegyzett menyasszonya volt, aztán 1729-ben I. József portugál király felesége lett.
 Fülöp (1720–1765), aki 1748-ban I. Fülöp néven Parma hercege lett.
 Mária Terézia Antónia Rafaella (1726–1746), Lajos Ferdinánd francia trónörökös (1729–1765) első felesége.
 Lajos Antal (1727–1785), Toledo érseke.
 Mária Antonietta (1739–1785), aki 1750-ben III. Viktor Amadé savoyai herceghez (1726–1796) ment feleségül, így 1773-tól szárd–piemonti királyné lett.

Mária Terézia hercegnő féltestvérei apjának első házasságából, amelyet Savoyai Mária Lujza hercegnővel (1688–1714), II. Viktor Amadé savoyai herceg leányával kötött:
 Lajos (1707–1724), aki 1724-ben apjának lemondása után I. Lajos néven trónra lépett, de hét hónapnyi uralkodás után meghalt himlőben.
 Fülöp Lajos (*/† 1709–1709), csecsemőkorban meghalt.
 Fülöp Péter Gábriel (1712–1719), gyermekkorban meghalt.
 Ferdinánd (1713–1759), aki 1746-ban, apja halála után VI. Ferdinánd néven örökölte a spanyol királyi trónt.

Legidősebb nővérét, Márai Anna Viktória infánsnőt (1718–1781) már gyermekkorában, 1721–ben eljegyezték az akkor 11 éves, kiskorú XV. Lajos francia királlyal (1710–1774), és 1722-ben be is költöztették a versailles-i kastélyba. 1723-ban azonban elhunyt II. Fülöp orléans-i herceg, a Régens (1674-1723). A tisztségét átvevő főminiszter, IV. Bourbon Lajos, Condé hercege (1692–1740) féltékeny volt az Orléans-i ág hatalmára, minél előbb Bourbon-trónörököst akart. 1725-ben a régenstanács felbontotta a király eljegyzését. XV. Lajos a nála 7 évvel idősebb Leszczyńska Mária lengyel királyi hercegnőt vette feleségül. Az ekkor 7 éves Mária Anna Viktória infánsnőnek haza kellett térnie Madridba, majd 1729-ben I. József portugál király felesége lett.

A francia királlyal való eljegyzés felbontását a spanyol udvar súlyos inzultusnak minősítette, az eset sokáig terhelte a két Bourbon királyi udvar viszonyát. 14 évig kellett várni, amíg hosszú diplomáciai egyezkedések eredményeképpen családi kötelék jöhetett létre XIV. Lajos két leszármazottja között. Mária Terézia Rafaella ifjabbik bátyja, Fülöp infáns 1739-ben feleségül vette Lujza Erzsébet (Izabella) francia királyi hercegnőt (1727–1759), XV. Lajos francia király és Leszczyńska Mária lengyel királyi hercegnő legidősebb leányát. A dinasztikus házasság célja a Bourbon-ház francia és spanyol ága közötti családi kapcsolatok megerősítése volt.

Házassága, gyermeke

Újabb 5 év múlva újabb dinasztikus házasság megkötésére került sor, ezúttal a legmagasabb szinten: 1744. december 18-án a 18 éves Mária Terézia Antónia Rafaella infánsnő Madridban képviselők útján (per procurationem) házasságot kötött másod-unokafivérével, a 15 éves Lajos Ferdinánd francia királyi herceggel (1729–1765), XV. Lajos francia király (1710–1774) és Leszczyńska Mária királyné (1703–1768) egyetlen elő fiával, a Francia Királyság trónörökösével (Dauphin de Viennois). Az újdonsült dauphine (azaz a dauphin felesége) hamarosan útra kelt, és a következő év februárjában megérkezett a Versailles-ba, ahol ünnepélyesen, a jövendő királynénak kijáró tisztelettel fogadták. A királyi palota kápolnájában 1745. február 23-án is megtartották az ünnepélyes esküvőt, immár mindkét fél személyes részvételével. Az ünnepélyes külsőségek a két Bourbon királyi udvar végleges megbékélését jelképezték. Az esküvő után az új dauphine-t hivatalosan a Marie-Thérèse-Raphaëlle néven nevezték.

A házasságot hosszabb időn keresztül nem hálták el, emiatt Mária Teréziát és ifjú férjét ironikus megjegyzések érték a francia udvar, sőt saját férje részéről. A kurtizánok azt kezdték terjeszteni, hogy a 16 éves Lajos Ferdinánd voltaképpen impotens. Az érzékeny, tartózkodó hercegnő visszavonult saját termeibe, és idejének legnagyobb részét az udvari mulatságoktól távol töltötte. 1745 szeptemberében azonban sikeresen létrejött az egyesülés, ez véget vetett az udvaroncok gonosz tréfáinak. A házasfelek érzelmi kapcsolata megjavult, sok időt töltöttek együtt. A férj és feleség nyíltan demonstrálták egymás iránti erős vonzalmukat, kiáltó ellentétben a feleségét megalázó módon elhanyagoló, csapodár XV. Lajossal. Mária Terézia Rafaella a férjével és sógornőivel együtt megvetette és gyűlölte a király nagy hatalmú szeretőjét, Pompadour márkinét, akit csak "Szajha Mamának" (Maman Putain) neveztek. A sértett márkiné is ellenük hangolta a királyt, az hónapokon át nem is szólt a menyéhez, hangoztatva, hogy "a trónörökösné annyira félénk, hogy nem is lehet megszólítani."

Mária Terézia Rafaella hamarosan teherbe esett. A trónörökös első gyermekének születését 1746. július elejére várták, de az váratott magára, a türelmetlen XV. Lajost kétségbeesésbe kergetve. Végül július 19-én leánya született, akit a boldog apa Mária Teréziának kereszteltetett, rajongva szeretett felesége tiszteletére.

Halála
A dauphine azonban már nem épült fel a gyermekágyból. Három nappal a szülés után, 20 évesen, 1746. július 22-én elhunyt.

A fiatal Lajos Ferdinánd herceget letaglózta a váratlan veszteség. Az özvegy trónörökös kedélye éveken át sem jött helyre, bár 1747-ben másodszor is megnősült, az intelligens és komoly Mária Jozefa Karolina szász hercegnőt (1731–1767), Frigyes Ágost szász trónökökös herceg leányát vette feleségül, akivel szintén bensőséges és szeretetteljes kapcsolatot alakított ki.

A dauphint az esküvő utáni év (1748) áprilisában újabb csapások érték: első feleségétől való kislánya, a 21 hónapos Mária Terézia hercegnő (1746–1748) is utána halt édesanyjának, és meghalt a második feleségétől született első gyermeke is. A következő öt évben született gyermekeik mind rövidesen meghaltak. Végre a hetedik, az 1754-ben született Lajos Ágost (1754–1793) megtörte a szomorú sort: ő és ifjabb testvérei mind megérték a felnőttkort, Franciaország 3 utolsó Bourbon-házi királya közülük került ki.

Jegyzetek

Külső hivatkozások
 Családi, életrajzi adatai (The Peerage)

Irodalom
 Jacques Levron: Ludwig XV, der verkannte König Frankreichs, München 1987,
 Nancy Mitford: Madame de Pompadour, Sphere, London, 1964, pp. 80.

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Bourbon-ház
Franciaország trónörökösnéi
Spanyol nők
1726-ban született személyek
1746-ban elhunyt személyek
Gyermekszülésben elhunyt nők
Spanyol infánsnők


text:
Physothorax pallidus is een vliesvleugelig insect uit de familie Torymidae. De wetenschappelijke naam is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1900 door Ashmead.

Torymidae


text:
Samaipata may refer to:
Samaipata, Bolivia
El Fuerte de Samaipata


text:
Trogloguignotus is een geslacht van kevers uit de familie  waterroofkevers (Dytiscidae).
Het geslacht is voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven in 1958 door Sanfilippo.

Soorten
Het geslacht omvat de volgende soort:
 Trogloguignotus concii Sanfilippo, 1958

Waterroofkevers


text:
Ostrówki – wieś w Polsce położona w województwie lubelskim, w powiecie radzyńskim, w gminie Wohyń.

W latach 1975–1998 miejscowość położona była w województwie bialskopodlaskim.

We wsi zabytkowy drewniany kościół rzymskokatolicki z 1743 r, siedziba parafii św. Stanisława.

Wieś stanowi sołectwo gminy Wohyń.

Części wsi

Historia
Wieś wymieniona w roku 1546 przy okazji opisu przebiegu granic dóbr Bartłomieja Kazanowskiego właściciela Siedlanowa w kontekście przebiegu granic Korony Królestwa Polskiego i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Ostrówki leżały wówczas po stronie Litewskiej.

Zobacz też
 Ostrówki

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Ostrówki (województwo lubelskie)


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Silesia 2021 may refer to:

 2021 World Athletics Relays, athletics competition held in Silesia from 1 to 2 May 2021
 2021 European Team Championships, athletics competition which will be held in Silesia from 29 to 30 May 2021


text:
Godło Kazachstanu ma formę zbliżoną do koła, którego wypełnienie ma barwę niebieską, zaś kontury rysunku - złotą. Kolor niebieski to kolor nieba, oraz symbol ludów tureckich

W centralnym miejscu godła znajduje się tzw. szanyrak - element konstrukcyjny górnej części jurty, na którym opiera się jej część odpowiadająca dachowi. W tradycji kazachskiej symbolizuje on dom, a szerzej także pokój. Umieszczenie go w godle nawiązuje także do symbolu nieba, jakim niekiedy jest szanyrak. Po obu bokach godła znajdują się wizerunki Tułpara - mitycznego skrzydlatego konia. Ich postaci wzorowane są na znajdujących się na hełmie jaki posiadała złota figurka człowieka sprzed 2,5 tys. lat, wykopana w rejonie Ałmaty i świadcząca o istnieniu w owym czasie na terenie obecnego Kazachstanu wysoko rozwiniętej kultury, spokrewnionej z kulturą dzisiejszych Kazachów.

Wizerunki mitycznych koni symbolizują służbę, w tym przypadku zarówno służbę obywateli państwu, jak i służbę państwa dla dobra obywateli.
Ich skrzydła symbolizują marzenie o zbudowaniu silnego, kwitnącego kraju. Świadczyć mają także o czystych zamiarach i dążeniach do osiągnięcia harmonii w społeczeństwie, zgodnego współżycia z przyrodą i pokoju.

W dolnej części godła znajduje się napis z nazwą państwa: QAZAQSTAN. Do 1 listopada 2018 obowiązywała wersja z zapisem w cyrylicy: ҚA3AҚCTAH.

Autorami godła są dwaj rzeźbiarze: Żandarbek Malibiekow i Szota Ualichanow. Ich propozycja została wybrana spośród 245 projektów i 67 opisów propozycji godła, jakie wpłynęły na rozpisany w tym celu konkurs.

Godło Kazachstanu zostało oficjalnie przyjęte przez parlament 4 czerwca 1992. Zastąpiło ono godło z czasów Związku Radzieckiego, które w żaden sposób nie nawiązywało do kultury, specyfiki i tradycji Kazachstanu.

Galeria

Przypisy

Zobacz też
 Kazachstan
 Flaga Kazachstanu
 Hymn Kazachstanu
 Godło Kazachskiej SRR

Kazachstan
Symbole narodowe Kazachstanu


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When the All-India Muslim League was founded at Dacca, on 30 December 1906 at the occasion of the annual All India Muhammadan Educational Conference, It was participated by the Muslim leaders from Punjab, i.e., Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi, Mian Fazl-i-Hussain, Abdul Aziz, Khawaja Yusuf Shah and Sh. Ghulam Sadiq. Earlier Mian Muhammad Shafi organised a Muslim Association in early 1906, but when the All-India Muslim League was formed, he established its powerful branch in the Punjab of which he became the general secretary. Shah Din was elected as its first president. This branch, organised in November 1907, was known as the Punjab Provincial Muslim League.

Early years
In 1913, Muhammad Ali Jinnah joined All-India Muslim League, and he was in favour of Hindu – Muslim working relationship and like Fazl-i-Hussain, Maulana Muhammad Ali, Pir Taj-ud-Din, Khalifa Shuja-ud-Din and Zafar Ali Khan wanted to befriend the Indian National Congress to attain self-government through constitutional means.

In 1916, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, negotiated with the Indian National Congress to reach an agreement to pressure the British Government to have a more liberal approach to India and give Indians more authority to run their country. The Muslim League changed its major objective and decided to join hands with the Congress to put pressure on the British government. Prior to this, the main objective of the Muslim League, was to preserve only Muslim interests in India,

However, Muslim leaders from Punjab, led by Muhammad Shafi stood for preservation of Muslim rights without alienating the sympathies of British government and opposed the Lucknow Pact signed on 28 December 1916.

Muhammad Shafi and his other conservative friends like Maulvi Rafi-ud-Din, Abdul Aziz and Syed Ali Raza opposed the co-operation between All-India Muslim League and the Indian National Congress, on the grounds that it would sacrifice the Muslim majority in provinces of Punjab and Bengal. He wanted to stress the separate Muslim entity and refused to give up his thinkings, which according to him was very blood of the Muslim nation.

According to S. Qalb-i-Abid the conservative leaders in the Punjab Muslim League under Sir Muhammad Shafi's leadership were advised by the Punjab's administration to revolt against the supporters of Muhammad Ali Jinnah on various important political developments from time to time. The revolt against Mr. Jinnah became very serious splitting the Punjab Muslim League into two groups – the Jinnah group and the Shafi group. These deep divisions had earlier been created with the British support on the eve of conclusion of historic Lucknow Pact of 1916 between the Congress and the Muslim League.

Delhi Muslim proposals and Simon Commission
In 1926, Sir Muhammad Shafi's was elected as president, while Sir Muhammad Iqbal was elected as general secretary. It is worth mentioning that Sir Muhammad Iqbal was also elected as a member of Punjab Council in the same year and started his political innings in a tremendous manner. During the period between 1927 and 1930, Punjab Muslim League also opposed central All India Muslim League due to differences over Delhi proposals and boycott of Simon Commission.

On the last two issues, Mr. Jinnah was sincerely trying to find a solution of ever-increasing communalism in Indian politics and at the same time he was trying to establish a common front for the freedom of India. But the Punjabi group of politicians with the support of British administration in India, engineered a coup d'état against Mr. Jinnah's leadership and successfully relegated the All India Muslim League to the background. At this point in time, both the British administration and the Congress party were happy that in their opinion, Mr. Jinnah could no longer represent the Muslims of British India. The All India Muslim Conference with official patronage emerged as a political organisation under the leadership of Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah Aga Khan to represent the Muslims opinion in India replacing the All India Muslim League with all practical purposes.

Nehru Report (1928) not only worsened the political situation but also ended the hopes of any future rapprochement between Hindus and the Muslims. It had left no alternatives for Muslims except to think in terms of separation from Indian federation and to ask for division of India. Due to this report, both Punjab Muslim League and All India Muslim League forgot
their difference and the Muslim leaders took almost identical position on various issues

The British governor of the Punjab and the UP arranged a very high position for the Unionist party's top brass, their allies and also for their nominees to assume a leading role in all the negotiations for constitutional advance in India at the Round Table Conferences in London in 1930s leading to the Government of India Act – 1935. The All India Muslim League had little to say in these negotiations and it was under these circumstances that Mr. Jinnah had to spend a few years in self-exile in London.

Allahabad address

On 29 December 1930 Sir Muammad Iqbal delivered his monumental address. He said:

I would like to see Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sindh and Balochistan amalgamated into a single state. Self government within the British Empire or without the British Empire, the formation of a consolidated North-West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims, at least of North-West India.

It is important to note that Sir Muammad Iqbal did not use the word "Pakistan" in his address. According to some scholars, that Iqbal had not presented the idea of an autonomous Muslim State; rather he wanted a large Muslim province by amalgamating Punjab, Sindh, NWFP and Baluchistan into a big North-Western province within India. They argued that
"Iqbal never pleaded for any kind of partition of the country. Rather he was an ardent proponent of a 'true' federal setup for India..., and wanted a consolidated Muslim majority within the Indian Federation".

Another Indian historian Tara Chand also held that Iqbal was not thinking in terms of independence but in terms of a federation of autonomous states within India. Dr. Safdar Mehmood also fell a prey to the same misconception and in a series of articles he asserted that in Allahabad address Iqbal proposed a Muslim majority province within the Indian federation and not an independent state outside the Indian Federation.

On 28 January 1933, Choudhary Rahmat Ali voiced his ideas in the pamphlet entitled "Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?" The word 'Pakistan' referred to "the five Northern units of India, viz. : Punjab, North-West Frontier Province (Afghan Province), Kashmir, Sind and Baluchistan"". By the end of 1933, the word "Pakistan" became common vocabulary where an "I" was added to ease pronunciation (as in Afghan-i-stan).
In a subsequent book Rehmat Ali discussed the etymology in further detail.
"Pakistan' is both a Persian and an Urdu word. It is composed of letters taken from the names of all our South Asia homelands; that is, Punjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Sindh and Balochistan. It means the land of the Pure".

According to some scholars, "Rehmat Ali's concept of Pakistan was nebulous, impractical and fantasy-ridden. It was to include the entire northwest of India, Kashmir, the Kathiawar peninsula, Kutch, and several enclaves deep within UP, including Delhi and Lucknow. There were to be two independent Muslim states besides Pakistan: Bangistan comprising Bengal and Assam in the east and Osmanistan in the south. These two were to form a federation with Pakistan. The 243 principalities or Rajwaras were to be divided among caste Hindus and "others" and then herded together in a ghetto called Hanoodia. As for the Sikhs, they were to be pushed into an enclave called Sikhia. Other races and religions were to inhabit an encampment by the name of Hanadika. Every non-Muslim was to remain subservient to the master race he called "The Paks", and yes, the subcontinent was to be renamed Dinia. He did not say how he was going to bring all that about."

The British and the Indian Press vehemently criticised these two different schemes and created a confusion about the authorship of the word "Pakistan" to such an extent that even Jawahur Lal Nehru had to write:
""Iqbal was one of the early advocates of Pakistan and yet he appears to have realised its inherent danger and absurdity. Edward Thompson has written that in the course of conversation, Iqbal told him that he had advocated Pakistan because of his position as president of Muslim League session, but he felt sure that it would be injurious to India as a whole and to Muslims especially."

Sir Muhammad Iqbal disapproved the scheme of Ch. rahmat Ali because there were seven or eight other imaginary and utopian '…stans' linked with this scheme. He  wrote to Prof. Edward John Thompson of Oxford University, that
You call me a protagonist of the scheme called "Pakistan". Now Pakistan is not my scheme. (Iqbal is here, referring to Ch. Rehmat Ali's scheme of Pakistan) The one that I suggested in my address is the creation of a Muslim Province – i.e.; a province having an overwhelming population of Muslims in the North-West of India. This new province will be, according to my scheme, a part of the proposed Indian Federation. Pakistan scheme (i.e., scheme of Ch. Rahmat Ali) proposes a separate federation of Muslim Provinces directly related to England as a separate dominion. This scheme originated in Cambridge. The authors of this scheme believe that we Muslim Round Tablers have sacrificed the Muslim nation on the altar of Hindu or the so called Indian Nationalism.

Like Iqbal, Jinnah also disapproved this scheme and considered it
as some sort of Walt Disney dreamland, if not Wellsian nightmare", and thought that "he felt the professional's contempt for the amateur's mistake of showing his hand without holding the trumps.

Punjab Muslim league and  Unionist Party (Punjab)
In the meantime, the British Government and Punjab administration was able to create a very dedicated class of loyal supporters of the British raj among the Punjab Muslims, (represented by the Unionist Party) the Sikhs and the followers of Hindu Mahasabha. This loyalist class seriously and most sincerely believed that the interests of their communities they represent were identical with those of the British government. In 1924, the Punjab Unionist party was established to follow this policy as a role model among of course other objectives such as to protect the interest of the landed classes.

In 1934, Jinnah returned to India with a new mission and a new vision to revive the Muslim League at centre and provincial levels. However, the actual reorganisation started in 1936 to contest the upcoming elections a year later.

According to Khurram Mahmood, if we observe only Punjab as being a Muslim majority province, there was no support for Muslim League, of any type from rural areas except some limited urban circles. Therefore, to secure the support of Muslim masses, Jinnah comprehended that it was essential to reorganise PPML. Jinnah was much concerned about the future of League in Punjab, because being a Muslim majority province it held a significant position in his eyes. As far as the re-organization of League was concerned, it was a long-term plan and could take several years, but election was due shortly. Therefore, Jinnah decided to co-opt with Unionist Party. For him it was the best solution as a short cut to the successful rebirth of Punjab Muslim League.

He requested Fazl-i-Hussain, president of Unionist Party to preside the AIML session at Bombay in April 1936.

Fazl-i-Hussain declined the offer of Jinnah on account of his bad health, and calculating the advantages and disadvantages of his alliance with a purely Muslim Party, Fazl-i-Husain refused to oblige Mr. Jinnah. The Unionist Party leaders had decided to challenge the revival of the Punjab Muslim League and defeat Jinnah's efforts to put a new life into it. The Unionist Party was the in-charge of the corridors of the powers in the Punjab and therefore, their leaders were in the driving seats.

Private papers, letters and correspondence to and from the Unionist leaders indicated that they had made plans to keep the Punjab Muslim League out of politics and to keep the Punjab Muslims away from the activities of the Punjab Muslim League under the leadership of Allama Muhammad Iqbal.

Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan, who later became Punjab's chief minister advised Jinnah to keep his finger 'out of Punjab pie' – 'and if the meddles – Jinnah might burn his fingers'.

His successor Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana refused to alienate the Unionist Party's Hindu and Sikh supporters, and was opposed to the partition of India as well.

1937 Elections
As anticipated, in the 1937 elections the Unionist party was able to win a heavy mandate of the Muslims of the Punjab. On the other hand, the Punjab Muslim League was able to win only two seats in the Punjab Assembly. One of the winning candidates, Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan deserted the PML as soon as the results were officially announced. The other winning candidate was an urban elite, brilliant and an academic lawyer Malik Barkat Ali

Sir Fazl-i-Husain died in 1936, leaving the way clear for Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan to become the first chief minister of the Punjab under the newly introduced provincially autonomy under the act of 1935. Sir Sikander was the strongest chief minister in India getting the support of 95 out of 175 members of the Punjab Assembly. He laid the foundation of the strongest pro-government ministry in the Punjab.

Contrary to his expectations, the Congress party soon after resuming power in India made Sir Sikandar's life extremely difficult in the Punjab. The Punjab Congress and their allies like the Khaksars, Majlis-e-Itihad-e-Millat and the Ahrars pooled their resources to give Sir Sikander a very tough opposition. He and his party could no longer afford to be politically isolated and some sort of alliance with the Punjab Muslim League, no matter how loose it may be, was essential for the survival of Sikandar Ministry.

He agreed to sign a pact with Jinnah called as Sikandar-Jinnah Pact. Sikandar Hayat Khan's motives remain unclear, but it is suspected that he hoped to become the leader of Muslim League in his own province, if not its ultimate leader. Whatever be the reason, this helped the Muslim League to carve out a niche in Punjab.

The PML leaders like Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Malik Barkat Ali, were not happy with this situation and began to send a catalogue of complaints to Jinnah against Sir Sikander alleging that the Punjab Premier had been hindering the growth the PML at all levels and both Barkat Ali and Iqbal also recommended the rupture of Sikandar-Jinnah alliance and punish the Punjab Premier.

Iqbal died in 1938 and Sir Shahnawaz Mamdot who was a personal friend of Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan, became the Punjab Muslim League leader. The Nawab due to his connections with the British administrators and also due to his friendship with Sikander was not in favour of severing links with the Unionist party. Moreover, it seems that Jinnah would have made his own calculations that at least for the time being playing for time was the best policy in dealing with Sir Sikandar Hayat's policies based on maintaining the status quo model in Punjab politics. Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a man of vision and farsightedness and he fully understood the limitations of the Punjab Muslim League analysing that Iqbal was a poet-philosopher and Barket Ali had personal grievances against Sikandar; and that putting undue pressure on Sir Sikandar was not in the best interest of the Punjab Muslim League.

The next biggest move by the Muslim League was passage of Lahore Resolution, in March 1940 which entailed the dismemberment of the Punjab and the division of India into Hindu and Muslim states. The Lahore resolution created many problems for Sikander and his successor Khizr Hayat Tiwana. The co-operation between PML and the Unionist therefore did not last long because Sir Sikander once again tried to sail into two boats. However his dual loyalty was tolerated by the League leadership and no strict action was taken against him.

Khizr was appointed chief minister of Punjab because of his family's deep loyalty to the British.

When he was considered for the chief ministership, there were eminent and experienced politicians available; they were Nawab Muzaffar Ali Khan, Nawab Sir Liaqat Hayat Khan and Malik Sir Feroz Khan Noon. However, the governor perhaps preferred Khizr because he was expected to rely more on his advice. When Khizr committed many political blunders and adopted anti-Muslim League policies, the alliance between the two parties came to an end. The Muslim supporters of Unionist party were therefore advised by the Muslim League to divorce themselves from the Unionist Party and join the Muslim League ranks as early as possible.

Thereafter the Muslim supporters of the Unionist party were trickling towards the Muslim League. Some leading Sajjada Nasheens and Pirs joined the Muslim League and later on they appealed to the Muslims to support the Muslim League's Pakistan Movement because by doing so they will be supporting the cause of Islam.

1946 Elections

On 21 August 1945 the viceroy announced that elections would be held that Winter to the Central and Provincial Legislative Assemblies. They were to precede the convention of a constitution-making body for British India. The Muslim League had to succeed in this crucial test if its popular support of its demand for Pakistan was to be credible. In particular it had to succeed in the Punjab as there could be no Pakistan without that province. But in the Punjab's last elections held in 1937 the League had fared disastrously. It had put forward a mere seven candidates for the 85 Muslim seats and only two had been successful. One of those candidates, Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan also deserted the Punjab Muslim League, so there was only one Successful candidate of Punjab Muslim League.

On 23 February 1946, all the results of the elections were known and the Punjab Press reported with big headlines the crushing defeat of the Unionist party. Only 13 Muslims were elected on the Unionist ticket, even some of their minister lost their securities in the elections. The Muslim League won a grand victory by capturing 73 seats of a total of 86. Even at this stage, the Congress was all out to install a Unionist ministry to keep the Muslim League out of power.

The 1946 elections proved to be turning point in the history of the Punjab Muslim League. In the 1946 election campaign, the Muslim League was able to publicise its views widely. It claimed that Islam was threatened by Congress. "Pirs" and "Sajjada Nashin" helped the Muslim League to attract Muslim voters. By early 1946, the Muslim League had been able to secure the support of many leading families of Punjab and also eminent Pirs and Sajjada Nasheens.

To give one example of his own area Khizr Hayat Tiwana faced strong opposition from the descendants of Pirs and sajjada Nashins. In district Shahpur, Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi, Qazi Zafar Hussain, and Qazi Mazhar Qayyum gave tough competition to Tiwanas. Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi of Sial Sharif, a descendant of great pir Khawaja Sham-ud-Din was president of District Shahpur Muslim League. He was very influential in his region. Likewise Qazis of Soon Valley and descendants of Sufi Qazi Mian Muhammad Amjad commanded great respect in their areas. They appealed to their people to vote against Tiwanas. With regard to the exertion of religious influence over the people, and their father Qazi Mian Muhammad Amjad. According to SARAH F. D. ANSARI, the Sajjada Nashin or Pir families were not so rich in terms of land as the great land lords of Punjab but these Sajjada Nashin or Pir families exerted great political and religious influence over the people.

According to Ayesha Jalal, David Gimartin believes that a number of pirs developed a personal stake in the League's election campaign; not because this was the most appropriate tactical response to the prospect of a British transfer of power but because the pirs saw in the Pakistan movement an opportunity to break out of the colonial structures that had for so long thwarted their religious interests.

Pakistan came into being on 14 August 1947, "Pakistan would never have come into being", Talbot argues, "had the Unionist Party held on to the support of Muslim rural elites during the 1946 Punjab Provincial Assembly Election. The Muslim Lanlords and Pirs joined the Muslim League before the 1946 election, without its victory in Punjab in that election", Talbot asserts, "the Muslim League would not have gotten Pakistan".

Penderel Moon simply attributes the League's rise to power to the alluring and irresistible appeal of the Pakistan cry to the Muslim masses. Peter Hardy's explained that the Muslim League gained its electoral success in the Punjab by making a religious appeal over the heads of the professional politicians. Pakistani historians have explained the League's success in the Punjab, as elsewhere in the subcontinent, solely in terms of the Two Nation Theory. Whatever the historians may suggest, one thing is clear that League's success was due to the political vision, farsightedness of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He was a man of high personal integrity and intelligence who became a Grandmaster of the game by his clever, and clever calculations.

Role in communal violence
In the few years before the partition, the Muslim League "monetarily subsidized" mobs that engaged in communal violence against Hindus and Sikhs in the areas of Multan, Rawalpindi, Campbellpur, Jhelum and Sargodha, as well as in the Hazara District. The Muslim League paid assassins money for every Hindu and Sikh they murdered. As such, leaders of the Muslim League, including Muhammad Ali Jinnah, issued no condemnation of the violence against Hindus and Sikhs in the Punjab.

See also
 All India Azad Muslim Conference
 Direct Action Day
 Indian Independence Movement
 Indian Muslim nationalism
 Indian Nationalism
 Indian National Congress
 Muslim League (Pakistan)
 Pakistan Movement
 Pakistan Muslim League

Notes

External links

Political parties established in 1906
Muslim league
Political parties in Pakistan
Islamic political parties in India
Islam in Pakistan
Muslim League
Muslim League breakaway groups
Politics of Punjab, Pakistan
1906 establishments in India

bn:নিখিল ভারত মুসলিম লীগ
cs:Muslimská liga
da:All India Muslim League
de:Muslimliga
fr:Ligue musulmane


text:
Jakobstads Bollklubb (förkortat JBK) är en finländsk fotbollsklubb som säsongen 2017 spelar i finländska Tvåan. JBK, som grundades år 1944, kommer från den tvåspråkiga staden Jakobstad. Klubben avancerade till Tvåan, den tredje divisionen i det finländska seriesystemet, år 1999 och lyckades behålla sin serieplats fram till och med säsongen 2011, när laget degraderades till trean. Hösten 2013 avancerade JBK åter till tvåan.

Externa länkar
JBKs webbplats

Sport i Jakobstad
Fotbollsklubbar i Finland
Sportklubbar bildade 1944


text:
William James Glenson Pullar (c. 1926 – March 30, 1981) was a Canadian football player who played for the Calgary Stampeders. He won the Grey Cup with them in 1948. Pullar previously attended and played football at McGill University for the McGill Redmen.

References

1920s births
Canadian football people from Calgary
Players of Canadian football from Alberta
Calgary Stampeders players
Year of birth uncertain
McGill University alumni
McGill Redbirds football players
1981 deaths


text:
Слободчики — название населённых пунктов в России:
 Слободчики — деревня в Нолинском районе Кировской области.
 Слободчики — деревня в Лебяжьевском районе Курганской области.
 Слободчики — село в Усть-Ишимском районе Омской области.
 Слободчики — село в Аромашевском районе Тюменской области.
 Слободчики — село в Упоровском районе Тюменской области.


text:
Chandybil District is a former borough of Ashgabat in Turkmenistan. It was merged into Archabil District on 4 February 2015. Archabil District was subsequently renamed Büzmeýin District of Ashgabat (viz.) in 2018.

See also
 Districts of Turkmenistan

Districts of Turkmenistan


text:
Monte San Pietrangeli is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Fermo in the Italian region Marche, located about  south of Ancona and about  north of Ascoli Piceno.

Among its churches is the Neoclassical style church of Santi Lorenzo e Biagio.

References

Cities and towns in the Marche


text:
Sora no Mori (空の森 - Foresta del Cielo) è il secondo album ufficiale di Akino Arai pubblicato nel 1997.

Il disco
Pubblicato nell'agosto del 1997 è il secondo album ufficiale di Akino Arai. Composto da 15 tracce j-pop è in realtà una raccolta delle sigle e canzoni d'intermezzo di anime giapponesi tra cui Record of Lodoss War e Macross Plus. Molte tracce sono state scritte da Yōko Kanno e arrangiate da Hisaaki Hogari.

La musica è basata quasi completamente su temi orchestrali con diversi spunti rock e pop, e alcune campionature elettroniche che ne arricchiscono il suono. Vi sono tracce piuttosto evocative, soprattutto quelle relative alla saga di Lodoss War, tra cui la struggente Adesso e fortuna che, a parte il titolo, contiene anche una frase in italiano (Io sono prigioniera).

L'album contiene anche una canzone in portoghese (Lição do Vento) e una in francese (Siva). Inoltre in Moon Light Anthem vi è una citazione alla sonata "Chiaro di Luna" di Ludwig van Beethoven.

Curiosità
La canzone Adesso e fortuna, sigla di apertura degli OAV di Record of Lodoss War è stata tradotta completamente e cantata per la messa in onda in Italia da Lara Parmiani.

Tracce
 "星の雨"
 (Hoshi no Ame, Rain of Stars, Pioggia di stelle)
 "遥かなロンド"
 (Haruka na RONDO, Far-away Rondo, Rondo della lontananza)
 "Moon Light Anthem" ~槐 1991~
 (Moon Light Anthem ~Enju 1991~)
 "三日月の寝台"
 (Mikazuki no Shindai, The Crescent Moon Bed, Il letto della Luna crescente)
 "凍る砂"
 (Kōru Suna, Frozen Sand, Sabbia ghiacciata)
 "風と鳥と空" ~reincarnation~
 (Kaze to Tori to Sora, Wind, Bird, and Sky - Vento, uccello e cielo)
 "Adesso e fortuna" ~炎と永遠~
 (Honō to Eien, Flame and Eternity, Fiamma ed eternità)
 "VOICES"
 "金色の時流れて"
 (Kin'iro no Toki, Nagarete, The Flowing Gold of Time)
 "Licao do Vento"
 "歌わないうた"
 (Utawanai Uta, The Song Unsung, La canzone non cantata)
 "月からの祈りと共に"
 (Tsuki kara no Inori to Tomo ni, Together with Prayers from the Moon, Insieme con preghiere dalla Luna)
 "Siva" ~佇む人~
 (Tatazumu Hito, Lingering Person)
 "三日月と私"
 (Mikazuki to Watashi, The Crescent Moon and I, La Luna crescente e io)
 "WANNA BE AN ANGEL"

Collegamenti esterni


text:
El término radio de giro puede referirse a:

 Radio de giro (vehículos) distancia mínima en la cual un vehículo puede girar, determinando el área necesaria para esa actividad.
 Radio de giro (ingeniería estructural) una magnitud geométrica de la sección trasnversal de un prisma mecánico y elemento resistente unidimensional.
 Radio de giro (cinemática) se refiere al radio de curvatura de la trayectoria de una partícula material.


text:
Paul Suso Holdener CSsR (* 13. April 1930 in Weesen; † 19. August 2005 in Baden AG) war ein Schweizer Ordensgeistlicher.

Leben

Holdener besuchte in Freiburg im Üechtland ein humanistisches Gymnasium. Danach studierte er an der Ordenshochschule im Kloster Geistingen Theologie und an der Universität Fribourg Altphilologie und Pädagogik. Am Kollegium Sankt Joseph in Matran unterrichtete er zwanzig Jahre lang griechische Sprache. Holdener war in der Marianischen Priesterbewegung tätig.

Schriften (Auswahl)
 Übersetzungen
 René Lejeune: Fasten als Heilung und Feier für Leib und Seele. Hauteville 1988, ISBN 3-907523-09-1.
  Hildegard von Bingen: Das Buch der göttlichen Werke. Ronchin 1990, .
 Lucie: Die große Botschaft vom Kreuz. Friede, Liebe, Freude (1981–1984). Hauteville 1992, ISBN 3-907523-37-7.
 Consuelo: Maria, Leitstern der Evangelisierung. Hauteville 1993, ISBN 3-907523-09-1.
 Lucie: Komm, Heiliger Geist! Lehre uns zu lieben, lehre uns zu beten. Hauteville 1993, ISBN 3-907523-38-5.
 Lucie: Mich dürstet! Wer durstig ist, der komme. vom Wasser des Lebens soll er trinken (Offenbarung 22,17). Hauteville 1994, ISBN 3-907523-55-5.
 Eucharistische Zwiegespräche. Zeugnis des Glaubens aus der Kirche des Schweigens. Hauteville 1994, ISBN 3-907523-57-1.
 Lucie: Abba – Vater. Hauteville 1995, ISBN 3-907523-55-5.
 Einblick in das Fegfeuer. Hauteville 1995, ISBN 3-907523-63-6.
 Lucie: Maria, Ursache unsrer Freude: Das vollendete Werk Gottes. Ich bin die Mutter. Ich komme als Mutter. Hauteville 1997, ISBN 3-907523-82-2.
 Hildegard von Bingen: Auslegung einiger Evangelien = Explanatio quorumdam evangeliorum. Landshut 1997, ISBN 3-00-000414-9.
 René Lejeune: «Der kleine Weg» der Theresia von Lisieux. Spiritualität und Novene. Hauteville 1997, ISBN 3-907523-86-5.
 Alfons Maria von Liguori: Das große Mittel des Gebetes. Landshut 1998, ISBN 3-00-003671-7.
 Jean Derobert: Heiliger Pio aus Pietrelcina, durchsichtig auf Gott hin. Geistliches Bildnis, gewonnen aus den Briefen Pater Pios. Hauteville 2011, ISBN 978-2-88022-845-3.

Einzelnachweise

Römisch-katholischer Geistlicher (21. Jahrhundert)
Römisch-katholischer Geistlicher (20. Jahrhundert)
Redemptorist
Schweizer
Geboren 1930
Gestorben 2005
Mann


text:
Cynthia Dale (* 1961 in Toronto, Ontario) ist eine kanadische Schauspielerin im Film und Fernsehen. Auf der Bühne spielt Cynthia Dale erfolgreich in Musicals.

Leben
Bereits als Kind (im Jahre 1965) begleitete Dale ihre Schwester zum Vorsprechen, wurde ebenfalls besetzt und blieb seitdem dem Schauspielen treu.

1983 trat sie erstmals beim Stratford Festival auf, sang in den Operetten Der Mikado und The Gondoliers, wurde jedoch durch einen Unfall (ein Sturz in den Orchestergraben) zurückgeworfen. Bereits 1987 erhielt sie für ihren Auftritt in der Off-Broadway-Produktion des Musicals Pal Joey den Dova Mavor Moore Award als beste Schauspielerin.

Als Schauspielerin erreichte sie durch ihre Rolle als Olivia Novak in der Fernsehserie Die Waffen des Gesetzes (Street Legal) (1988–1994) TV-Ruhm. Für diese dramatische Serie wurde sie 1992, 1993 und 1995 als beste Hauptdarstellerin für Gemini Awards nominiert. 2019 war sie in der Fortsetzung Street Legal erneut in der Rolle zu sehen. Später versuchte sie auf verschiedenen Wegen, diesem festgelegten Rollentypus zu entkommen. So trat sie ebenfalls in den Serien Taking the Falls (1995) oder Trudeau (2002) auf. Ihr Schaffen umfasst mehr als 30 Film- und Fernsehproduktionen, immer wieder unterbrochen durch mehrjährige Pausen.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1981: Blutiger Valentinstag (My Bloody Valentine)
 1984: Himmelskörper (Heavenly Bodies)
 1985: Finish – Endspurt bis zum Sieg (The Boy in Blue)
 1987: Mondsüchtig (Moonstruck)
 1987, 1988: Nachtstreife (Night Heat, Fernsehserie, 2 Folgen)
 1988–1994: Die Waffen des Gesetzes (Street Legal, Fernsehserie, 107 Folgen)
 1989: Babycakes
 1992: Schrei, wenn du kannst (In the Eyes of a Stranger)
 1995: Spenser: In Lebensgefahr (Spenser: A Savage Place, Fernsehfilm)
 1995: Liebe um Mitternacht (At the Midnight Hour)
 1998: Thanks of a Grateful Nation
 1999: P.T. Barnum
 2001: Pretender – Nichts scheint wie es ist (The Pretender 2001, Fernsehfilm)
 2008: A Broken Life
 2010–2011: Baxter (Fernsehserie, 3 Folgen)
 2014: Working the Engels (Fernsehserie, 1 Folge)
 2019: Street Legal (Fernsehserie)
 2022: Coroner – Fachgebiet Mord (Coroner, Fernsehserie, 2 Folgen)

Weblinks

Filmschauspieler
Musicaldarsteller
Kanadier
Geboren 1961
Frau


text:
Arnolf Uchański herbu Radwan (ur. ok. 1503/1506 roku – zm. 1575) – wojewoda płocki w 1562 roku, kasztelan raciąski w 1561 roku, kasztelan zakroczymski w 1556 roku, kasztelan liwski w 1554 roku, łowczy bełski w latach 1539–1553, starosta wyszogrodzki w 1551 roku.

Brat Jakuba Uchańskiego, w 1550 znany jako właściciel miasta i dóbr Uchanie.

Poseł na sejm krakowski 1553 roku z ziemi chełmskiej. Jako przedstawiciel Korony Królestwa Polskiego podpisał akt unii lubelskiej 1569 roku. Był uczestnikiem zjazdu w Łowiczu 23 lipca 1572 roku. W 1573 roku potwierdził elekcję Henryka III Walezego na króla Polski.

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Ludwik Kolankowski, Posłowie sejmów Zygmunta Augusta, w: Reformacja w Polsce, rocznik V, nr 17-18, Warszawa 1928
 Urzędnicy województwa bełskiego i ziemi chełmskiej XIV-XVIII wieku. Spisy. Oprac. Henryk Gmiterek i Ryszard Szczygieł. Kórnik 1992

Elektorzy Henryka III Walezego
Kasztelanowie liwscy
Kasztelanowie raciąscy
Kasztelanowie zakroczymscy
Łowczowie bełscy
Posłowie na sejm krakowski 1553
Posłowie na Sejm I Rzeczypospolitej (ziemia chełmska)
Senatorowie świeccy I Rzeczypospolitej
Senatorowie za panowania Zygmunta II Augusta
Senatorowie za panowania Henryka III Walezego
Starostowie wyszogrodzcy
Sygnatariusze unii lubelskiej 1569 (Korona Królestwa Polskiego)
Arnolf
Uczestnicy zjazdu w Łowiczu 1572
Urzędnicy ziemscy I Rzeczypospolitej
Wojewodowie płoccy (I Rzeczpospolita)
Zmarli w 1575


text:
Dieser Artikel zeigt die Ergebnisse der Qualifikationsrunden für das AEGON Classic 2009 des Damentennis in Birmingham. Insgesamt nahmen 31 Spielerinnen an der Qualifikation teil.

Einzel

Setzliste

Ergebnisse

Weblinks

WTA Tour 2009
Tennisturnier in Birmingham