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James William Buffett (born December 25, 1946) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, author, and businessman. He is best known for his music, which often portrays an "island escapism" lifestyle. Together with his Coral Reefer Band, Buffett has recorded hit songs including "Margaritaville" (ranked 234th on the Recording Industry Association of America's list of "Songs of the Century") and "Come Monday". He has a devoted base of fans known as "Parrotheads".

Aside from his career in music, Buffett is also a bestselling author and was involved in two restaurant chains named after two of his best-known songs; he currently owns the Margaritaville Cafe restaurant chain and co-developed the now defunct Cheeseburger in Paradise restaurant chain. Buffett is one of the world's richest musicians, with a net worth as of 2017 of $550 million.

Early and personal life
Buffett was born on Christmas Day 1946, in Pascagoula, Mississippi, and spent part of his childhood in Mobile, Alabama. He later lived in Fairhope, Alabama. He is the son of Mary Lorraine (née Peets) and James Delaney Buffett Jr. During his grade school years, he attended St. Ignatius School, where he played the trombone in the school band. As a child he was exposed to sailing through his grandfather and these experiences would go on to influence his later music. He graduated from McGill Institute for Boys in 1964. He began playing guitar during his first year at Auburn University before continuing his college years at Pearl River Community College and the University of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, where he received a bachelor's degree in history in 1969. He is an initiate of Kappa Sigma fraternity at the University of Southern Mississippi. After graduating from college, Buffett worked as a correspondent for Billboard magazine in Nashville, breaking the news of the separation of Flatt and Scruggs.

Buffett married Margie Washichek in 1969; they divorced in 1971. Buffett spent years working as the first mate on the yacht of industrialist Foster Talge on the Petticoat III in Key West while perfecting the "Caribbean Rock n' Roll" genre. Buffett and his second wife, Jane (née Slagsvol) have two daughters, Savannah Jane and Sarah Delaney (Sarah was almost named Sara Loraine, after her grandmother, but was named Sarah Delaney after her grandfather), and an adopted son, Cameron Marley, and reside in Sag Harbor, New York, and Palm Beach, Florida. They separated in the early 1980s, but reconciled in 1991. Buffett also owns a home in Saint Barts, a Caribbean island where he lived on and off in the early 1980s while he was part owner of the Autour de Rocher hotel and restaurant. He spends part of the summer traveling about the East Coast on his sailboat. An avid pilot, Buffett owns a Dassault Falcon 900 that he often uses while on concert tour and traveling worldwide. He has also owned a Boeing Stearman, Cessna Citation, Lake Amphibian, and Grumman Albatross.

On Thursday, August 25, 1994 around 3:00 pm Eastern time, Jimmy Buffett crashed his Grumman G-44 Widgeon, N1471N, while attempting to takeoff in the waters off Nantucket, Massachusetts. The airplane nosed over, and Jimmy was able to swim to safety, sustaining only minor injuries.

His father died May 1, 2003, at the age of 83 and then his mother died four months later on September 25.

In 2015, Buffett spoke at the University of Miami's graduation ceremony and received an honorary doctorate in music. Wearing flip flops and aviator sunglasses, he told graduates, from a line in his song "The Pascagoula Run", that "it's time to see the world, time to kiss a girl, and time to cross the wild meridian."

Buffett is a supporter of the Democratic Party and has hosted fundraisers for Democratic politicians, including one for Hillary Clinton in 2016.

Music

Music career
Buffett began his musical career in Nashville, Tennessee, during the late 1960s as a country artist and recorded his first album, the country-tinged folk rock record Down to Earth, in 1970. During this time, Buffett could be frequently found busking for tourists in New Orleans. Fellow country singer Jerry Jeff Walker took him to Key West on a busking expedition in November 1971. Buffett then moved to Key West and began establishing the easy-going beach-bum persona for which he is known. He started out playing for drinks at the Chart Room Bar in the Pier House Motel. Following this move, Buffett combined country, rock, folk, calypso and pop music with coastal as well as tropical lyrical themes for a sound sometimes called "Gulf and Western" (or tropical rock). Today, he is a regular visitor to the Caribbean island of Saint Barts and other islands where he gets inspiration for many of his songs and some of the characters in his books.

With the untimely death of friend and mentor Jim Croce in September 1973, ABC/Dunhill Records tapped Buffett to fill his space. Earlier, Buffett had visited Croce's farm in Pennsylvania and met with Croce in Florida.

Buffett's second release was 1973's A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean. Albums Living & Dying in 3/4 Time and A1A both followed in 1974, Havana Daydreamin' appeared in 1976, and Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes followed in 1977, which featured the breakthrough hit song "Margaritaville".

During the 1980s, Buffett made far more money from his tours than his albums and became known as a popular concert draw. He released a series of albums during the following 20 years, primarily to his devoted audience, and also branched into writing and merchandising. In 1985, Buffett opened a "Margaritaville" retail store in Key West, and in 1987, he opened the Margaritaville Cafe.

In 1994, Buffett dueted with Frank Sinatra on a cover of "Mack the Knife" on Sinatra's final studio album, "Duets II". In 1997, Buffett collaborated with novelist Herman Wouk to create a musical based on Wouk's novel, Don't Stop the Carnival. Broadway showed little interest in the play (following the failure of Paul Simon's The Capeman), and it ran only for six weeks in Miami. He released an album of songs from the musical in 1998.

In August 2000, Buffett and the Coral Reefer Band played on the White House lawn for then-President Bill Clinton.

In 2003, he partnered in a partial duet with Alan Jackson for the song "It's Five O'Clock Somewhere", a number-one hit on the country charts. This song won the 2003 Country Music Association Award for Vocal Event of the Year. This was Buffett's first award in his 30-year recording career.

Buffett's album License to Chill, released on July 13, 2004, sold 238,600 copies in its first week of release according to Nielsen Soundscan. With this, Buffett topped the U.S. pop albums chart for the first time in his  career.

Buffett continues to tour every year, although he has shifted recently to a more relaxed schedule of around 20–30 dates, with infrequent back-to-back nights, preferring to play only on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. This schedule provided the title of his 1999 live album.

In the summer of 2005, Buffett teamed up with Sirius Satellite Radio and introduced Radio Margaritaville. Until this point, Radio Margaritaville was solely an online channel. Radio Margaritaville has remained on the service through Sirius' merger with XM Radio and currently appears as XM 24. The channel broadcasts from the Margaritaville Resort Orlando in Kissimmee, Florida.

In August 2006, he released the album Take the Weather with You. The song "Breathe In, Breathe Out, Move On" on this album is in honor of the survivors of 2005's Hurricane Katrina. Buffett's rendition of "Silver Wings" on the same album was made as a tribute to Merle Haggard. On August 30, 2007, he received his star on the Mohegan Sun Walk of Fame.

On April 20, 2010, a double CD of performances recorded during the 2008 and 2009 tours called Encores was released exclusively at Walmart, Walmart.com, and Margaritaville.com.

Buffett partnered in a duet with the Zac Brown Band on the song "Knee Deep"; released on Brown's 2010 album You Get What You Give, it became a hit country and pop single in 2011. Also in 2011, Buffett voiced Huckleberry Finn on Mark Twain: Words & Music, which was released on Mailboat Records. The project is a benefit for the Mark Twain Boyhood Home & Museum and includes Clint Eastwood as Mark Twain, Garrison Keillor as the narrator, and songs by Brad Paisley, Sheryl Crow, Ricky Skaggs, Vince Gill, Emmylou Harris, and others.

Of the over 30 albums Jimmy Buffett has released, as of October 2007, eight are Gold albums and nine are Platinum or Multiplatinum. In 2007, Buffett was nominated for the CMA Event of the Year Award for his song "Hey Good Lookin'" which featured Alan Jackson and George Strait.

In 2020 Buffett released Songs You Don't Know by Heart, a fan-curated collection of his lesser-known songs rerecorded on his collection of notable guitars.

Musical style

Buffett began calling his music "drunken Caribbean rock 'n' roll" as he says on his 1978 live album You Had To Be There. Earlier,  Buffett himself and others had used the term "Gulf and Western" to describe his musical style and that of other similar-sounding performers. The name derives from elements in Buffett's early music including musical influence from country, along with lyrical themes from the Gulf Coast. A music critic described Buffett's music as a combination of "tropical languor with country funkiness into what some [have] called the Key West sound, or Gulf-and-western." The term is a play on the form of "Country & Western" and the name of the former conglomerate and Paramount Pictures parent Gulf+Western. In 2020, The Associated Press described Buffett's sound as a "special Gulf Coast blend of country, pop, folk and rock, topped by Buffett's swaying voice. Few can mix steelpans, trombones and pedal steel guitar so effortlessly." The DC Metro Theatre Arts magazine, in a review for Buffett's musical Escape to Margaritaville, described Buffett's music as "blend[ing] Caribbean, country, rock, folk, and pop music into a good-natured concoction variously classified as "trop rock" or "Gulf and western"."

Other performers identified as Gulf and Western are often deliberately derivative of Buffett's musical style and some are tribute bands, or in the case of Greg "Fingers" Taylor, a former member of Buffett's Coral Reefer Band. They can be heard on Buffett's online Radio Margaritaville and on the compilation album series Thongs in the Key of Life. Gulf and Western performers include Norman "the Caribbean Cowboy" Lee, Jim Bowley, Kenny Chesney, and Jim Morris.

Fans

Parrot Head or parrothead is a commonly used nickname for Buffett fans with "parakeets" or "keets" used for younger fans, or children of Parrotheads. At a Buffett 1985 concert at the Timberwolf Amphitheater in Cincinnati, Ohio Buffett commented about everyone wearing Hawaiian shirts and parrot hats and how they kept coming back to see his shows, just like Deadheads. Timothy B. Schmit, then a member of the Coral Reefer Band, coined the term "Parrot Head" to describe them. In 1989, the first Parrothead club was founded in Atlanta. Subsequent Events range from single-act concerts or happy hours to the annual Meeting of the Minds in Key West, Florida, which attracts approximately 5,000 Parrotheads. In 2011, there were 239 Parrothead Club chapters in the United States, Canada and Australia, spanning 3 countries, 47 states and 3 Canadian provinces with total membership of almost 28,000. The Pikes Peak Hash House Harriers and Harriettes have an annual Parrot Head Hash weekend hosted by Yeastee Boy and Bread Box.

Writing

Buffett has written three number-one best sellers. Tales from Margaritaville and Where Is Joe Merchant? both spent over seven months on The New York Times Best Seller fiction list. His memoir A Pirate Looks at Fifty, published in 1998, went straight to number one on the New York Times Best Seller nonfiction list, making him one of the few authors to have reached number one on both the fiction and nonfiction lists.

Buffett also co-wrote two children's books, The Jolly Mon and Trouble Dolls, with his eldest daughter, Savannah Jane Buffett. The original hardcover release of The Jolly Mon included a cassette tape recording of the two reading the story accompanied by an original score written by Michael Utley.

Buffett's novel A Salty Piece of Land was released on November 30, 2004, and the first edition of the book included a CD single of the song "A Salty Piece of Land", which was recorded for License to Chill. The book was a New York Times best seller soon after its release.

Buffett's latest title, Swine Not?, was released on May 13, 2008.

Buffett is one of several popular "philosophers" whose quotations appear on the road signs of Project HIMANK in the Ladakh region of Northern India.

Film and television
Buffett wrote the soundtrack for, and co-produced and played a role in, the 2006 film Hoot, directed by Wil Shriner and based on the book by Carl Hiaasen, which focused on issues important to Buffett, such as conservation. The film was not a critical or commercial success. Among his other film music credits are the theme song to the short-lived 1993 CBS television series Johnny Bago; "Turning Around" for the 1985 film Summer Rental starring John Candy; "I Don't Know (Spicoli's Theme)" for the film Fast Times at Ridgemont High; "Hello, Texas" for the 1980 John Travolta film Urban Cowboy; and "If I Have To Eat Someone (It Might As Well Be You)" for the animated film FernGully: The Last Rainforest, which was sung in the film by rap artist Tone Loc.

In addition, Buffett has made several cameo appearances, including in Repo Man, Hook, Cobb, Hoot, Congo, and From the Earth to the Moon. He also made cameo appearances as himself in Rancho Deluxe (for which he also wrote the music) and in FM. He made a guest appearance in the second season of Hawaii Five-0 on CBS in 2011 and returned in April 2013, March 2015, January 2017,  March 2018, May 2019, and March 2020 playing Frank Bama. Buffett reportedly was offered a cameo role in Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, but declined the offer. In 1997, Buffett collaborated with novelist Herman Wouk on a musical production based on Wouk's 1965 novel Don't Stop the Carnival. In the South Park episode "Tonsil Trouble", an animated version of Buffett (but not voiced by Buffett) was seen singing "AIDSburger in Paradise" and "CureBurger in Paradise". Jimmy has also appeared on the Sesame Street special, Elmopalooza, singing "Caribbean Amphibian" with the popular Muppet, Kermit the Frog. Buffett appeared in an episode of Hawaii Five-0 in November 2011. He played a helicopter pilot named Frank Bama, a character from his novel Where Is Joe Merchant?. Another character mentioned that he preferred "margaritas"; Buffett's character replied, "Can't argue with you there."  He reprised the role with a brief cameo visiting McGarret on the March 30, 2018, episode "E Ho'oko Kuleana".

Buffett made a cameo in the 2015 film Jurassic World, where he is seen holding two margaritas while the dinosaurs are set loose in the park.

In 2017, Buffett was the musical guest on the NCIS: New Orleans episode "Rogue Nation", playing the song "I Will Play for Gumbo" in Dwayne Pride's (Scott Bakula) newly rebuilt bar.

In 2019, he had an extended cameo playing himself in the Harmony Korine film The Beach Bum.

Business ventures

Buffett has taken advantage of his name and the fan following for his music to launch several business ventures, usually with a tropical theme. He opened the Margaritaville Cafe in Key West, Florida, in 1987. He owns LandShark Bar & Grill in Baltimore, Maryland and previously owned Cheeseburger in Paradise Restaurant. As a baseball fan, he was part-owner of two minor-league teams: the Fort Myers Miracle and the Madison Black Wolf. Buffett has also licensed Margaritaville Tequila, Margaritaville Footwear, and a Margaritaville Foods, including chips, salsa, guacamole, shrimp, chicken, and more. Between his businesses, album sales, and tours, he was estimated by Forbes to earn US$50.5 million in 2017 and to have a net worth of $550 million.

Record labels
In 1993, he launched Margaritaville Records, with distribution through MCA Records. His MCA record deal ended with the release of 1996's Christmas Island and he took Margaritaville Records over to Chris Blackwell's Island Records for a two-record deal, 1998's Don't Stop The Carnival and 1999's Beach House on the Moon. In the fall of 1999, he started Mailboat Records to release live albums. He entered into a partnership with RCA Records for distribution in 2005 and 2006 for the two studio albums License To Chill and Take The Weather With You.

Beer production
In 2006, Buffett launched a cooperative project with the Anheuser-Busch brewing company to produce beer under the Margaritaville Brewing label called LandShark Lager.

Casinos
Margaritaville Casino opened at the Resorts Casino Hotel in Atlantic City, New Jersey, in May 2013. The center features a restaurant, two bars, a coffee shop, a retail store, and a gaming area.

Football
From May 8, 2009, through January 5, 2010, Sun Life Stadium (formerly Dolphin Stadium) in Miami, the home of the Miami Dolphins, was named LandShark Stadium pursuant to an eight-month naming rights deal. Buffett also wrote new lyrics for the team to his 1979 song "Fins", which is played during Dolphins home games. Despite Buffett's partnership with the Dolphins, Buffett is a diehard New Orleans Saints fan, having attended the team's first game at Tulane Stadium in 1967 and later had Saints head coach Sean Payton serve as an honorary member of the Coral Reefer Band at a concert in New Orleans on April 1, 2012, in protest of Payton's suspension by the National Football League as a result of the Saints' bounty scandal.

Video games
In 2012, a "Margaritaville Online" game was released by THQ for Facebook.  The game was discontinued two years later.  In 2016, it was announced that Buffett had partnered with FunPlus to develop a new Margaritaville game.

Real estate
Latitude Margaritaville is a $1 billion retirement village planned in Daytona Beach, Florida. The project is a joint venture between Minto Communities and Buffett's Margaritaville Holdings, with the development being built on land close to LPGA Boulevard and about a mile to the west of Interstate 95.

As of 2021, the community has sold over 1,000 homes and will have 3,900 homes upon completion. Prices currently range from the low $200,000s to the low $500,000s.

Minto Communities and Margaritaville Holdings have since announced and began selling in Latitude Margaritaville Hilton Head in Bluffton, South Carolina and Latitude Margaritaville Watersound in Panama City Beach, Florida.

Cannabis
In 2018, Buffett teamed with businessman Beau Wrigley and Surterra Holdings, Inc. to license "Coral Reefer" brand marijuana by summer 2019.

Theatrical works
In 1994, Buffett began developing a musical based on Herman Wouk's 1965 novel, Don't Stop the Carnival.  Buffett wrote the music and lyrics and Wouk wrote the book for the show.  Don't Stop the Carnival debuted in  Miami, Florida in 1997 to negative reviews from critics. In response, the producers approached Buffett and told him that Wouk needed to be fired and a more experienced playwright needed to rewrite Wouk's script.  Buffett refused to remove Wouk from the project and any further productions of the show were canceled.  Buffett turned the show into an album that was released in 1998.

A new musical, Escape to Margaritaville, opened at the La Jolla Playhouse in San Diego in May 2017 and ran until July.  The show then performed limited runs in New Orleans, Houston, and Chicago, and was well received by critics. The show features a book by Greg Garcia and Mike O'Malley and uses Buffett's classic songs, some of which he rewrote the lyrics to in order to better fit in the context of the story. The show began previews at the Marquis Theatre on Broadway on February 16, 2018, and officially opened on March 15 under the direction of Tony winner Christopher Ashley. The Broadway production received mixed reviews from New York critics. In June that same year, the producers announced that the production would close on July 1 after 29 previews and 124 regular performances. Along with the announcement of the show's Broadway closing, it was announced that a national tour would launch in Providence, Rhode Island, in the fall of 2019.

Charity work

Buffett has been involved in many charity efforts. In 1981, the Save the Manatee Club was founded by Buffett and former Florida governor Bob Graham. West Indian manatee In 1989, legislation was passed in Florida that introduced the "Save the Manatee" license plate, and earmarked funding for the Save the Manatee Club. One of the two manatees trained to interact with researchers at Mote Marine Laboratory is named Buffett after the singer. Buffett is also a longtime supporter of and major donor to the Gulf Specimen Marine Laboratory.

On November 23, 2004, Buffett raised funds with his Surviving the Storm hurricane relief concert in Orlando, Florida, to provide relief for hurricane victims in Florida, Alabama and the Caribbean affected by the four major hurricanes that year.

Buffett performed in Hong Kong on January 18, 2008, for a concert that raised US$63,000 for the Foreign Correspondents' Club Charity Fund. This was his first concert in Hong Kong and it sold out within weeks. Not only did Buffett perform for the groundlings for free, but he also paid for the concertgoers' tequila and beer.

On July 11, 2010, Buffett, a Gulf Coast native, put on a free concert on the beach in Gulf Shores, Alabama. The concert was Buffett's response to the BP oil disaster in the Gulf. The concert was aired on CMT television. The 35,000 free tickets were given away within minutes to help draw people back to Alabama's beaches. Buffett played several popular songs including "Fins", "Son of a Son of a Sailor", "A Pirate Looks at Forty" and modified versions of "Margaritaville" (where the lyrics were changed in the chorus to "now I know, it's all BP's fault") and "When the Coast is Clear" (the lyrics in the chorus also referencing the Deepwater Horizon disaster: "That's when it always happens / When greed and crude collide"). The concert featured Jesse Winchester and Allen Toussaint.

Controversies
The earliest controversy with Buffett was his recording of "God's Own Drunk" on the album Living and Dying in 3/4 Time. In 1983, the son of the late entertainer Lord Buckley sued Buffett for $11 million for copyright infringement, claiming that Buffett took parts of the monologue from Buckley's A Tribute to Buckley and claimed it as his own work in "God's Own Drunk". The suit also alleged that Buffett's "blasphemous" rendition presented to the public a distorted impression of Lord Buckley. A court injunction against Buffett prevented him from performing the song until the lawsuit was settled or resolved, so starting in 1983, Buffett would get to the part of his show where he would normally perform "God's Own Drunk", he would say that he was not allowed to play it because of the lawsuit and instead played a song he wrote called "The Lawyer and the Asshole" in which he accuses Buckley's son and lawyers of being greedy and tells them to "kiss his ass."

In January 1996, Buffett's Grumman HU-16 airplane named Hemisphere Dancer was shot at by Jamaican police, who believed the craft to be smuggling marijuana. The aircraft sustained minimal damage. The plane was carrying Buffett, as well as U2's Bono, his wife and two children, and Island Records producer Chris Blackwell, and co-pilot Bill Dindy. The Jamaican government acknowledged the mistake and apologized to Buffett, who penned the song "Jamaica Mistaica" for his Banana Wind album based on the experience.

Buffett's 1999 song "Math Suks" caused a brief media frenzy. The song was in fact promptly condemned by the US National Council of Teachers of Mathematics and the National Education Association for its alleged negative effect on children's education. Comedian Jon Stewart also criticized the song on The Daily Show during a segment called "Math Is Quite Pleasant".

On February 4, 2001, he was ejected from the American Airlines Arena in Miami during a basketball game between the Miami Heat and the New York Knicks for cursing. After the game, referee Joe Forte said that he ordered him moved during the fourth quarter because "there was a little boy sitting next to him and a lady sitting by him. He used some words he knows he shouldn't have used." Forte apparently did not know who Buffett was, and censured Heat coach Pat Riley because he thought Riley—who was trying to explain to him who Buffett was—was insulting him by asking if he had ever been a "Parrothead", the nickname for Buffett fans. Buffett did not comment immediately after the incident, but discussed it on The Today Show three days later.

On October 6, 2006, it was reported that Buffett had been detained by French customs officials in Saint Tropez for allegedly carrying over 100 pills of ecstasy.
Buffett's luggage was searched after his Dassault Falcon 900 private jet landed at Toulon-Hyères International Airport. He paid a fine of $300 and was released. A spokesperson for Buffett stated the pills in question were prescription drugs, but declined to name the drug or the health problem for which he was being treated. Buffett released a statement that the "ecstasy" was in fact a B-vitamin supplement known as Foltx.

Concerts and tours

"The Big 8" and standard songs
Before 2003, songs almost always played at every Buffett show were known as the Big 8. The "Big 8" were:
 "Margaritaville"
 "Come Monday"
 "Fins"
 "Volcano"
 "A Pirate Looks at Forty"
 "Cheeseburger in Paradise"
 "Why Don't We Get Drunk"
 "Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes"

All of the "Big Eight" songs were released prior to 1980 and all were included on the compilation album Songs You Know By Heart, which is Buffett's best-selling album. "One Particular Harbor" was added to the regular set list in the late 1990s, with "Son of a Son of a Sailor" and It's Five O'Clock Somewhere in the early 2000s. After 2004, "Why Don't We Get Drunk" was removed from the full-time list (although still played on some tours), creating a list of ten songs that are played at almost all of Buffett's concerts. Versions of Van Morrison's "Brown Eyed Girl" and Crosby, Stills and Nash's "Southern Cross" have been included on every tour during this time, although not at every performance. In the years 2010–2016, in 262 advertised appearances Buffett performed the song "Margaritaville" 248 times, "Son of a Son of a Sailor" 236, "Volcano" 235, "Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes" 235, "Come Monday" 235, "Fins" 232, "A Pirate Looks at Forty" 232, "Cheeseburger in Paradise" 228, "Five O'Clock Somewhere" 225, "One Particular Harbour" 221, and "Southern Cross" 220. (Many of the performances without the full group of songs had short set lists, such as guesting on television shows).

In an interview on KLBJ radio in Austin, Texas, on May 2, 2013, Buffett humorously referred to the fact that they have to "play the ten that everyone wants, or else we'll get killed", and then went on to play "It's Five O'Clock Somewhere" on air.

Tour accident
On January 26, 2011 (Australia Day), Buffett was performing a concert in Australia at Sydney's Hordern Pavilion and fell off the stage after an encore. A concert-goer said, "He just went over to the edge of the stage, like he had numerous times through the night, just to wave, and people were throwing stuffed toys and things at him. And he just took one step too many and just disappeared in a flash. He didn't have time to put his arms out to save himself or anything, he just dropped." Coincidentally, one of Australia's leading trauma surgeons was at the concert and close to the stage; Dr. Gordian Fulde treated Buffett at the scene. Fulde said, "I thought he'd broken his neck....  I heard the clunk of his head on a metal ledge, he has a deep gash on his scalp, which is all right now....  But at first I thought: this guy is going to be a spinal injury." Dr Fulde turned him on his side so he could breathe and administered first aid. Buffett regained consciousness within a few minutes. He was then transported to St Vincent's Hospital Emergency center for treatment and was discharged the next day. Buffett returned to Australia in 2012 for two shows in Brisbane and Melbourne, and made much fun of the incident during those shows. In the Melbourne show in the historic Palais Theatre in the Melbourne beachside suburb of St. Kilda, he presented additional verses of "Margaritaville" in which he made humorous references to the accident.

List

 A Pink Crustacean Tour (1976)
 Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes Tour (1977)
 Cheeseburger in Paradise Tour (1978)
 You Had to Be There Tour / Volcano Tour (1979)
 A Hot Dog & A Road Map Tour (1980)
 Coconut Telegraph Tour (1981)
 Somewhere over China Tour (with broken leg) (1982)
 Homecoming Tour (1982)
 The Six-Stop American Tour (1983)
 Feeding Frenzy Tour (1984)
 Last Mango in Paris Tour (1985)
 Floridays Tour / World Tour of Florida (1986)
 A Parrot Looks at Forty Tour (1987)
 Cheap Vacation Tour / Hot Water Tour (1988)
 Off to See the Lizard Tour / Buffett Does Ballads Tour (1989)
 Jimmy's Jump Up Tour (1990)
 Outpost Tour (1991)
 Rece$$ion Rece$$ Tour (1992)
 Chameleon Caravan Tour (1993)
 Fruitcakes Tour (1994)
 Domino College Tour (1995)
 Banana Wind Tour (1996)
 Havana Daydreamin' Tour (1997)
 Don't Stop the Carnival Tour (1998)
 Beach House on the Moon Tour (1999)
 Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays Tour (2000)
 A Beach Odyssey Tour (2001)
 Far Side of the World Tour (2002)
 Tiki Time Tour (2003)
 License to Chill Tour (2004)
 A Salty Piece of Land Tour (2005)
 Party at the End of the World Tour (2006)
 Bama Breeze Tour (2007)
 Year of Still Here Tour (2008)
 Summerzcool Tour (2009)
 Under the Big Top Tour (2010)
 Welcome to Fin Land Tour (2011)
 Lounging at the Lagoon Tour (2012–13)
 Songs from St. Somewhere Tour (2013–14)
 This One's for You Tour (2014–15)
 Workin' n' Playin' Tour (2015–16)
 I Don't Know Tour (2016–18)
 Son of a Son of a Sailor Tour (2018–19)
 Life on the Flip Side Tour (2021–22)
 Second Wind Tour (2023-present)

Discography

 Down to Earth (1970)
 A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean (1973)
 Living and Dying in 3/4 Time (1974)
 A1A (1974)
 Havana Daydreamin' (1976)
 High Cumberland Jubilee (1976)
 Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes (1977)
 Son of a Son of a Sailor (1978)
 Volcano (1979)
 Coconut Telegraph (1981)
 Somewhere over China (1982)
 One Particular Harbour (1983)
 Riddles in the Sand (1984)
 Last Mango in Paris (1985)
 Floridays (1986)
 Hot Water (1988)
 Off to See the Lizard (1989)
 Fruitcakes (1994)
 Barometer Soup (1995)
 Banana Wind (1996)
 Christmas Island (1996)
 Don't Stop the Carnival (1998)
 Beach House on the Moon (1999)
 Far Side of the World (2002)
 License to Chill (2004)
 Take the Weather with You (2006)
 Buffet Hotel (2009)
 Songs from St. Somewhere (2013)
 'Tis the SeaSon (2016)
 Life on the Flip Side (2020)
 Songs You Don't Know by Heart (2020)

Honors
Buffett's hometown of Pascagoula, Mississippi, named a bridge after him in his honor. (Buffett Bridge)

See also
 List of bestselling music artists
 A Pirate Looks at Fifty

References

External links

 "Jimmy Buffett" entry at the Encyclopedia of Alabama

1946 births
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American novelists
ABC Records artists
American autobiographers
American aviators
American brewers
American children's writers
American country rock singers
American country singer-songwriters
American entertainment industry businesspeople
American folk rock musicians
American male non-fiction writers
American male novelists
American male pop singers
American male short story writers
American rock musicians
American rock singers
American short story writers
Auburn University alumni
Coral Reefer Band members
Dunhill Records artists
Easy listening musicians
Gulf and Western musicians
Living people
Musicians from Mobile, Alabama
Novelists from Alabama
Novelists from Mississippi
American film score composers
American film producers
Pearl River Community College alumni
People from Fairhope, Alabama
People from Key West, Florida
People from Pascagoula, Mississippi
People from Sag Harbor, New York
Singer-songwriters from Mississippi
University of Southern Mississippi alumni
Varèse Sarabande Records artists
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Singer-songwriters from Alabama


text:
La MA-21 est le résultat du déclassement de la N-340 dans l'agglomération de Malaga. C'est une voie rapide urbaine qui relie Malaga à Torremolinos en Andalousie.

Elle absorbe la N-340 surchargée durant les périodes de pointe et la période estivale car le trafic automobile entre ces 2 villes est très chargée. De plus elle est doubler par la rocade ouest de Malaga.

Tracé
 La MA-21 débute à l'ouest de Malaga où elle se détache de l'Avenida de Velazquez au niveau du croisement avec la rocade ouest de Malaga
 Elle passe tout près de l'Aéroport de Malaga par le sud où elle va croiser l'accès depuis la MA-20 (MA-23) lorsqu'il sera construit.
 Elle se termine en recroisant la MA-20 à l'est de Torremolinos et reprend son nom d'origine dans la traversée de la ville (N-340)

Sorties

Autoroute urbaine en Espagne
Autoroute en Andalousie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Le barrage de Yapıaltın est un barrage de Turquie dans le district de Şarkışla de la province de Sivas.

Sources

Notes et références

Yapialtin
Système hydrologique du Kızılırmak


text:
Westfalen omvat de noordoostelijke helft van Noordrijn-Westfalen, een van de deelstaten van Duitsland. Het bestaat uit de regierungsbezirke Arnsberg, Detmold en Münster maar heeft op zich geen administratieve betekenis meer. De steden Dortmund, Münster en Bielefeld zijn belangrijke centra van Westfalen.

Tot het cultuurgebied Westfalen wordt een groter gebied gerekend, dat ook het zuidwesten van Nedersaksen omvat. Dit betreft met name het Graafschap Bentheim, het Emsland, het Oldenburger Münsterland (Landkreis Cloppenburg en Vechta) en het Osnabrücker Land (Landkreis Osnabrück).

In Westfalen wordt onder andere Westfaals gesproken, dat tot de Nedersaksische taalgroep behoort.

Geschiedenis: zeer uiteenlopende territoria
De historische streek Westfalen omvat een veel groter gebied, namelijk het hele westelijke deel van het voormalige Stamhertogdom Saksen, tussen de Neder-Rijn en de Wezer. De Saksen noemden hun oostelijke gebied Oostfalen. In de Annales regni Francorum worden de bewoners van Oost- en Westfalen voor het eerst vermeld bij de beschrijving van het jaar 784, toen Karel de Grote en zijn oudste zoon Karel ten strijde trokken tegen de Saksen, Karel de Grote tegen de "Ostfalaos" en zijn zoon tegen de "Westfalaos". Het woord fal(ah) betekent veld of vlakte. Oost- en Westfalen waren dus eerst het oostland en het westland van de Saksen. De term Oostfalen is later in onbruik geraakt.

Vanaf 1180 was er een hertogdom Westfalen. De waardigheid van hertog werd gedragen door de aartsbisschop en keurvorst van Keulen. Aan het einde van de 18e eeuw had deze alleen de feitelijke macht in een klein gebied met de huidige districten Olpe en Hochsauerlandkreis.

In 1500, bij de indeling van het Heilige Roomse Rijk in een aantal kreitsen, werd de Westfaalse Kreits het hele gebied ten oosten van de Bourgondische Kreits. Het bevatte de gebieden van de prinsbisdommen Münster en Luik, en alle tussenliggende kleinere vorstendommen. Aanvankelijk was ook het sticht Utrecht ingedeeld bij de Westfaalse Kreits.

In 1807 stichtte Napoleon het koninkrijk Westfalen, dat gedeeltelijk het vroegere grote Westfalen omvatte, met daarbij grote delen van de huidige bondslanden Nedersaksen, Hessen en Saksen-Anhalt.

In 1815 werd het zuidwestelijke deel van dat koninkrijk toegewezen aan Pruisen. Sindsdien wordt de naam Westfalen meer en meer enkel nog gebruikt voor deze Pruisische provincie Westfalen. Die ging in 1946 op in de bondsstaat Noordrijn-Westfalen.

Zie ook
Vrede van Westfalen

Externe link
Informationen und Ressourcen zur Geschichte Westfalens im Internet-Portal "Westfälische Geschichte"

Geschiedenis van Keulen
Streek in Duitsland


text:
Winnikow oder Vinnikov ist der Name folgender Personen:
 Isaak N. Vinnikov (1897–1973), sowjetischer Orientalist
 Jakow Abramowitsch Winnikow (1910–1997), russischer Mediziner
 Victor Vinnikov (* 1967), israelischer Mathematiker
 Alexander Aronowitsch Winnikow (* 1955), russischer Politiker


text:
OMERS (Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System) est un gestionnaire de fonds institutionnels ontarien créé par statut en 1962 pour gérer les pensions des employés municipaux de l'Ontario au Canada. Il est devenu l'un des plus importants investisseurs institutionnels du Canada. Environ 70 % du fonds provient d'investisseurs, alors que 30 % provient des montants de pension versés. En 2008, OMERS gérait environ 52 milliards CAD d'actifs. En 2010, ce fonds s'occupe également des pensions des pompiers, des policiers, des urgentistes, des employés du Children's Aid Society, des employés scolaires autres qu'enseignants, des employés de transport en commun et des employés d'Hydro Ontario.

En 2010, OMERS verse des prestations de retraite à environ .

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan (Teachers')
 Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec (CDPQ)

Liens externes

  Major Investments (liste des plus importants investissements)

Entreprise publique au Canada
Société d'investissement ayant son siège au Canada
Retraite au Canada


text:
La entrada Californio puede tener al menos tres significados:
 El gentilicio de los antiguos pobladores de California bajo dominio mexicano.
 Un elemento químico cuyo número atómico es el 98, noveno miembro de los elementos transuránicos. Fue obtenido artificialmente en la Universidad de California en 1959 por Seaborg y sus colaboradores. .
 Un hermano de la Pontificia, Real e Ilustre Cofradía de Nuestro Padre Jesús en el Doloroso Paso del Prendimiento y Esperanza de la Salvación de las Ánimas, conocida también popularmente como Cofradía California. Semana Santa de Cartagena, España.


text:
This is a list of listed buildings in the parish of Linlithgow in West Lothian, Scotland.

List

|}

Key

Notes

References
 All entries, addresses and coordinates are based on data from Historic Scotland. This data falls under the Open Government Licence

Linlithgow
Linlithgow
History of Linlithgow


text:
The premier of Ontario () is the head of government of Ontario. Under the Westminster system, the premier governs with the confidence of a majority the elected Legislative Assembly; as such, the premier typically sits as a member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) and leads the largest party or a coalition of parties. As first minister, the premier selects ministers to form the Executive Council (provincial cabinet), and serves as its chair. Constitutionally, the Crown exercises executive power on the advice of the Executive Council, which is collectively responsible to the legislature.

Doug Ford is the 26th and current premier of Ontario. He took office on June 29, 2018, following the 2018 Ontario election where his Progressive Conservative (PC) party won a majority of seats in the Ontario Legislature.

History

The position of Ontario premier evolved from the role of Joint Premier of Canada for Canada West, with John Sandfield Macdonald, the second-last joint premier of Canada becoming the first prime minister of the province of Ontario, a position that later was renamed to "Premier".

J.S. Macdonald was in office from 1867 to 1871. He was elected from the provincial riding of Cornwall in the first general election of 1867 for the new province of Ontario. In addition to serving as the premier, he was also the  provincial attorney general. The longest-serving premier in Ontario history was Oliver Mowat, in office from 1872 to 1896.

The position of premier was formerly written as "Prime Minister of Ontario" until the government of Bill Davis formally changed the title to premier. However, in French, the premier is still referred to as premier ministre, which translates to 'prime minister' in English. This is similar to the premier of Quebec, who is referred to as the premier ministre du Québec in French.The role of premier has been one that has typically been filled by white men. In 2013, Kathleen Wynne became the first woman to serve as premier. To date, despite approximately 25 per cent of Ontarians being visible minorities, no major party leader has been a visible minority, and as a result, no premier has been either.

Ontario political trends have been noted as running opposite to the trends of the federal government, with the premier and the prime minister usually coming from different types of parties. For example, in the 21st century, the federal and provincial liberal parties were only jointly in power from 2003 to 2005 and 2015 to 2018, or approximately 5 years out of 21 years cumulatively, and there was no overlap between federal and provincial conservative parties. This trend has held strongly since approximately 1950, despite Ontario being the largest province in Canada.

Most premiers have taken office between the ages of 40 and 60. With the exception of Thomas Laird Kennedy, who was 70 when he served less than a year as an interim party leader, the last premier to become premier outside of the 40-60 age range was Mitchell Hepburn, who was 38 when he became premier in 1934.

Geographically, the premier has been an MPP from Toronto, the Greater Toronto Area, or Ottawa since 2003. Generally however, premiers have come from communities throughout Ontario, including Eastern Ontario, the Lake Huron and Lake Erie coasts, the Greater Toronto Hamilton Area, and some ridings outside of southern Ontario, such as Nipissing and Sault Ste. Marie.

Role and relationship with the legislature

Origin of the role
The role of premier is not defined by statute, except by reference to higher entitlement to pay under the Executive Council Act. Similarly to the federal system, the existence of a first minister is instead considered a constitutional convention. The role is a pivotal one under the Canadian system of responsible government, where government is expected to be led by someone who has the confidence of the legislature.

Relationship with the legislature
The premier and government are accountable to the legislature. The premier and executive council can exercise authority given to it by the laws created by the legislature. The flow of authority from the legislature to the executive creates the expectation that the government's actions must obey the law. The premier is expected to answer for their actions or inactions to the legislature through the responsible government concept of fused branches of government, including through question period. As a member of cabinet, the premier is subject to the constitutional norm of individual ministerial responsibility, and is therefore expected to either be a Member of Provincial Parliament, or to quickly seek election to a seat in the legislature so that they may answer questions from the legislature in debate and question period.

Determination of premier
The premier is appointed by the lieutenant governor, who represents the head of state. The premier then presides over the Executive Council, or cabinet. The Executive Council Act stipulates that the leader of the government party is known as the "Premier and President of the Council". Due to Ontario being a unicameral Westminster-style parliamentary government, the premier is typically the leader of the party which has the most support in the Legislative Assembly at that time.

Members are first elected to the legislature during general elections. General elections must be conducted every four years from the date of the last election. An election may also happen if the governing party loses the confidence of the legislature, by the defeat of a supply bill or tabling of a confidence motion. Premiers hold office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected Legislative Assembly. They typically sit as a member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) and lead the largest party or a coalition in the assembly. Once sworn in, the premier holds office until their resignation or is removed by the lieutenant governor after either a motion of no confidence or defeat in a general election. The premier does not have to be serving in Provincial Parliament to be selected as premier. In practice, this is highly unlikely to occur in a majority-government situation, while it can occur in a minority-government situation if the government had been struck down by its previous partners.

Duration of the role
The government exists independently of the legislature. While the legislature may be dissolved for an election, the executive council continues serving under the caretaker convention, where government ceases to make major policy decisions except in response to disaster. The premier has been a continuous role since 1914, when there was a one-week vacancy in the office between James Whitney and William Howard Hearst. In modern times, the premier serves until their successor is sworn in. There are no term limits on the role of premier, the premier may continue serving as long as they retain the confidence of the legislature.

Deputy Premier

Deputy premiers may be selected by the premier and often concurrently hold other senior roles within the government. However, the role of deputy premier holds no specific formal power, and does not automatically receive any powers in the case of absence or death of a premier.

Functions

Selection of the cabinet
The premier plays multiple functions in the Ontario political system, mirroring most conventions of the federal level of Canadian government. The premier has a near absolute power to determine the structure of the cabinet, to choose ministers, and to dismiss them at will, the Executive Council Act does not carry any restrictions on who can serve as a minister. The premier is constrained by certain democratic norms and constitutional conventions. For example, it expected due to individual ministerial responsibility that each minister shall be an MPP, or shall swiftly seek a seat in the legislature by participating in a by-election. It is expected that ministers are residents of the province. It is also expected that there be some level of diversity within the cabinet, on a geographic basis as much as the number of MPPs in the governing party permits. A premier will generally select ministers based on many factors including diversity, rewarding past or expected loyalty, satisfying factions within their party, creating a narrative or symbolism about choices, and primarily by who they expect can competently make decisions in a politically successful manner.

The premier also has large amounts of discretion over the creation, composition and dissolution of cabinet committees, except the Treasury Board, which has its existence and size established by statute.

Political decision making
A premier is at the centre of political decision making in Ontario. Cabinet collective responsibility (otherwise known as cabinet solidarity) is a concept that outlines that if a minister has serious issues with the direction of a government or premier, they must either accept the decision without public criticism of the premier or resign. This custom gives cabinet ministers little ability to exercise power or make decisions contrary to the will of the premier if the premier has made their position known within cabinet. While smaller decisions may often be made by individual ministers, a 1999 paper suggests anything representing policy reversal, large new policy, inter-departmental effects, politically sensitive or involving substantial financial expenditure will be brought to cabinet. The premier exercises power of political decision making through use of the Cabinet Office and the Office of the Premier. The Cabinet Office provides policy analysis and oversight over the Ontario Public Service, and the office Office of the Premier is responsible for political analysis, coordination with ministers' offices, and communications strategy. Large political decisions are usually made with proposals and discussions at a cabinet committee or cabinet level, where frank discussions on inter-departmental effects or political considerations can take in a structured way in a highly confidential environment at the centre of government. This typically follows heavy preparatory work on the part of minister's offices and staff, as well as civil service policy analysts. This is the ultimate representation of the challenge function, where political leaders are meant to provide direction, input, and political scrutiny on professional civil service advice. Decisions made at the cabinet table may include to proceed with legislative changes, establishing a change in regulation, responding to a crisis, and allocation of scarce resources such as money, time or political capital.

The premier also plays an important part in determination of regulation. Regulations are passed via order-in-council, which are how the government exercises many powers delegated to them under laws passed by the legislature. Orders-in-council are public once signed by the lieutenant governor, but are only signed by the lieutenant governor on the advice of the premier, which has traditionally meant being passed at cabinet. In the cases of appointments, the premier and their office can have heavy involvement in the selection of a certain subset of appointments, though reforms have led to an increased level of formality through the Public Appointment Secretariat, which in some cases provides recommendations for appointments to the premier or the minister for ministerial-level appointments.

Communications
The premier is ultimately the face of their party in the province, and continues to play a role in partisan politics. The premier is also bound by individual ministerial responsibility, and is expected to present themselves to question period on an at least occasional basis. They may try to shape media framing of government priorities, do damage control on government controversies, or draw contrasts with leaders of opposition parties. The communications role has more recently expanded to encompass social media, with Premier Doug Ford launching a communications strategy of news-style direct-to-voter communications via social media. The premier sets the tone for communications through all of government, with a leader typically attempting to cultivate a "brand", to varying levels of success.

Legislative strategy
The premier also makes decisions on the legislative agenda in coordination with their cabinet, deciding how to use limited time in the legislative assembly to pass desired legislation, which can have long-lasting effects even after their government is out of power. This will happen in coordination with the government house leader, who conducts inter-party negotiations if needed and manages scheduling and the government whip, who ensures compliance and attendance by members of the government's party when votes come up. This process is especially tenuous in a minority parliament (also known as a minority government), in which the government is not unilaterally able to pass legislation in the same way they can unilaterally pass orders-in-Council, and requires other parties to support the government's legislative agenda. The premier also has a major role to play in declaring certain votes in provincial parliament as "votes of confidence", votes that will lead to the premier asking the lieutenant governor for an election if the vote fails, forcing opposition leaders to consider whether they are ready for an election. Budgets, and other funding bills are always confidence votes as are the address in reply to speech from the throne that happen at the beginning of each parliamentary session. On supply days, where the opposition controls the schedule, the opposition can introduce a confidence motion. However, importantly, the premier can cause any vote to be a confidence vote by declaring it so.

Constitutional advice
A final function of the premier is to give advice to the lieutenant governor. While advice often refers to regulation, appointments and spending, which the lieutenant governor would never refuse, there are cases in which the lieutenant governor retains reserve powers and has some discretion in matters. The premier can advise that the lieutenant governor prorogue provincial parliament, which can be a controversial way to avoid a confidence vote or parliamentary investigation in a minority parliament, and try to reset their image after a lower profile break. In extraordinary circumstances, the lieutenant governor may refuse this advice, but in general, there is great latitude given to prime ministers in requesting prorogation.  The premier can advise the lieutenant governor to call an early election, an election before the required date, a move that can help a popular governing party win an election while their popularity is high, or attempt to win a majority parliament when they currently only hold a minority. This decision can be controversial in a minority government, and if a short time has passed since a recent election, and the lieutenant governor believes another leader can command confidence in parliament, they may refuse the advice of the premier, dismiss the premier, and invite the other leader to become the next premier. A gracious premier who has lost an election can also provide advice to the lieutenant governor that another leader be selected as the next premier, advising that they, the current premier, cannot command confidence in the commons, instead of waiting to fail a confidence vote.

Role in federalism
The premier plays some role in Canadian federalism, with the power to comment about federal politics or respond to federal politics, as then-Premier Kathleen Wynne did in proposing an Ontario Retirement Pension Plan, which pushed the federal government into an expansion of the Canada Pension Plan. These actions can also be ineffective. Premier Doug Ford refused to participate in the carbon price regime of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, but refusal to participate did not lead to any changes in the program.

In cases of changing the Canadian constitution, the premier's influence over the provincial legislature's priorities and schedule would play a large role in passing any constitutional amendment. Canada's constitution has an amending formula where most changes require seven provinces representing 50 per cent of Canada's population, and most other amendments require approval by all provinces. As a result of its high population, Ontario has an effective veto on any constitutional change unless Quebec supports it, which is highly unlikely due to Quebec's historical refusal to legitimize a constitutional system which does not give them a full veto over constitutional change.

As first minister, the premier also acts as Ontario's representative to the First Ministers' conferences and Council of the Federation, meeting with other Canadian first ministers to discuss issues where inter-provincial co-operation may be required or beneficial.

The premier through cabinet or through consultation with the attorney general is finally likely to approve any intergovernmental lawsuits of the Government of Ontario against the federal government. For example, the Ontario government recently was involved in a court case regarding the constitutionality of the carbon pricing regime.

The role of federalism has also evolved, with areas of provincial responsibility now having federal dollars backing them, leading to a more integrated role on whether premiers will accept the conditions attached to those dollars. Such an issue was pertinent in 2021, where Ontario is the sole province not to sign on to a vastly expanded federal financial commitment under its childcare accords.

Minister
The premier, as well as other ministers, can hold multiple portfolios. The premier typically also holds the portfolio for intergovernmental affairs, though exceptions may exist, with Dalton McGuinty having three ministers who served at different times when he himself was not, and premiers Mike Harris and Ernie Eves, who never elected to hold the roles during their tenure. Even while another person may hold that ministerial title, the premier is still likely to serve a major intergovernmental affairs role through their presence at first ministers conferences. This role typically has a mostly domestic role, but can also play an international one.

Premiers may also choose to hold another ministry title, whether for symbolic reasons or for treating the ministry as a serious priority. While Leslie Frost served for a short time as the minister for the Department of Economics (functionally Minister of Finance), a premier is unlikely to take on a more senior challenging portfolio such as finance, health or education due to their complexity and time demands. Smaller or less complex ministries are more likely to be seen, such as could be seen on the federal level with Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau taking on the federal cabinet position of Minister of Youth. In Ontario, examples of taking more junior files include Kathleen Wynne serving concurrently as Premier and Minister of Agriculture and Food for one year. Dalton McGuinty took on the role of Minister of Research and Innovation for two years, and as Minister of Economic Development for a short time during the great recession of 2008. These instances are still an exception and not the rule. Since Frost's short time in his ministry, no other premier has taken on a ministerial role except for that of intergovernmental affairs. Prior to Frost, relatively few ministers took on cabinet roles, with the informality of the cabinet structure likely permitting more informal involvement in areas of interest. A notable exception seems to be premier George Stewart Henry, who took on the contemporarily important role of Minister of Highways, and also served a short time as Minister of Finance.

Cabinet Office
The Cabinet Office is the ministry that directly supports the premier, serving the same function provincially as the Privy Council Office does federally. The Cabinet Office plays a coordination role, attempting to harmonize procedures between ministries where possible, as well as monitoring key performance indicators and departmental plans.

The Cabinet Office also includes administrative support for a number of committees:
 Priorities and Planning Committee
 Cabinet Committee on Emergency Management
 Treasury Board / Management Board of Cabinet
 Legislation and Regulations Committee
 Health, Education and Social Policy Committee
 Jobs and Economic Policy Committee

Premier's Office
The Office of the Premier is the partisan centre of government, providing political analysis, communications strategy, issues management, media monitoring and other functions for the benefit of the Premier. The office is headed by the Chief of Staff to the Premier, and will typically also have senior advisors, stakeholder relations specialists, issues management staff, policy advisors, logistical and operations staff for travel, media specialists, legislative affairs staff, and public appointments staff. The size of the office is typically something the premier has wide latitude to determine and place in the provincial budget, as staff are not part of the public service, and are instead hired as partisans, and do work that is partisan in nature. Total spending in the portfolio is approximately $3 million per year and typically encompasses about 75 staff. The office is also the cost centre for a parliamentary assistant to the premier, if the premier chooses to have one. The hiring and firing decisions within this office are generally at the discretion of the Premier, unlike the civil service.

Pay and benefits
The salary of the premier is determined by their pay as an MPP, if they hold a seat in the legislature, which is governed by the Legislative Assembly Act. In addition, the Executive Council Act establishes a premium of 79.3% above the MPP salary, 37% for their role as Premier and the remaining 42.3% if they retain the portfolio of Intergovernmental Affairs. This leads to a total of approximately $209,000. Under the Legislative Assembly Act, the Premier would also be permitted to draw benefits with regard to car travel in Toronto, travel to and from home, and compensation for an apartment in Toronto if they do not already reside within 50 kilometers of the city. The Premier, like other MPPs, is not entitled to any pension based on their service.

The premier, as a member of the Executive Council, is entitled to use the title "The Honourable" while in office, but is not sworn into the King's Privy Council for Canada, and therefore unlike federal cabinet ministers, provincial premiers are not entitled to use that honorific after they cease to serve on the Executive Council.

Life after office
Most premiers cease to be premier while still in their working life. As a result, premiers have many options for what to do after. In some circumstances, they may stay on as an MPP if they won their seat but no longer had the confidence of the legislative assembly. Kathleen Wynne served one full parliamentary term after her premiership. Many others turn to consulting work, work on corporate or NGO boards, or in academia. Another option is to pursue politics in another instance. Bob Rae went on to serve as a federal Liberal MP, and interim leader of the Liberal Party of Canada. Doug Ford, while a current premier, is a former Toronto mayoral candidate, and some, including a CBC journalist have speculated it may be a position of interest if provincial politics are unfavourable to him, speculating to an extent they thought was worthy asking in an interview.

See also
 List of Premiers of Ontario
 Politics of Ontario
 Premier (Canada)
 Deputy Premier of Ontario
 Leader of the Opposition (Ontario)

Notes

References

External links
 Office of the Premier

1867 establishments in Ontario


text:
Les Eubranchidae forment une famille de mollusques de l'ordre des nudibranches.

Liste des genres
Selon World Register of Marine Species, prenant pour base la taxinomie de Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), on compte neuf genres :
 Aenigmastyletus Martynov, 1998
 Amphorina Quatrefages, 1844
 Dunga Eliot, 1902
 Eubranchopsis Baba, 1949
 Eubranchus Forbes, 1838
 Galvina Alder & Hancock, 1855
 Galvinella Eliot, 1907
 Leostyletus Martynov, 1998
 Nudibranchus Martynov, 1998

Annexes

Références taxinomiques

Liens externes

Notes et références


text:
This is a list of Assyrian populations by country according to official and estimated numbers. Due to a lack of official data in many countries, estimates may vary.

See also
Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora

References


text:
Jinotepe é uma cidade da Nicarágua, capital do departamento de Carazo. Foi fundada em 11 de fevereiro de 1883 e, segundo estimativas de 2005, conta com uma população de 29.500 habitantes.

Cidades da Nicarágua
Municípios de Carazo (departamento)


text:
Le Moniteur, une revue professionnelle française dans le secteur des travaux publics et du bâtiment ;
 Le Moniteur universel, journal fondé pendant la Révolution française, ancêtre du Journal officiel de la République française ;
 Le Moniteur du Puy-de-Dôme, journal régional qui exista entre 1856 et 1944.

Journaux officiels
 Moniteur belge, recueil officiel des lois (journal officiel) en Belgique.
 Le Moniteur, journal officiel de la République d'Haïti.


text:
Boophis xerophilus е вид жаба от семейство Mantellidae.

Разпространение
Видът е разпространен в Мадагаскар.

Източници

Външни препратки

Boophis


text:
Ильфельд () — многозначный термин.

Топонимы Германии
 Ильфельд ()— ярмарочная община в Германии,  в восточной части района Нойштадт-ан-дер-Айш-Бад-Виндсхайм (земля Бавария)
 Ильфельд ()— административное сообщество в Германии, в восточной части района Нойштадт-ан-дер-Айш-Бад-Виндсхайм (земля Бавария)
 Ильфельд () — община в Германии, в земле Тюрингия

Ссылки


text:
Tobias Björklund, född 27 februari 1988 i Bollnäs, Sverige är en svensk bandyspelare som sedan säsongen 2017–2018 spelar för IK Tellus.

Meriter
Allsvensk mästare med Ljusdals BK 2011/2012 och IK Tellus 2019/2020.
Vinnare av skytteligan Allsvenskan 2010/2011 och 2011/2012.

Statistik

Källor

Fotnoter

Födda 1988
Män
Levande personer
Svenska bandyspelare
Svenska idrottare under 2000-talet
Spelare i IK Tellus Bandy
Spelare i Bollnäs GoIF
Spelare i Ljusdals BK


text:
Юлиа́н Константи́нович Щу́цкий (, Екатеринбург — 18 февраля 1938, Ленинград) — русский филолог-востоковед, философ, переводчик. Профессор (1935). Кандидат языкознания (1935, без защиты), доктор филологических наук (1937).

Биография
По отцу происходил из рода Ягеллонов-Чарторыйских. Отец был ученым-лесоводом. Мать — преподавательницей музыки.
В юности увлекался музыкой.

По окончании приюта принца Ольденбургского поступил в Петроградский политехнический институт на экономическое отделение.

В 1915—1923 гг. написал ряд музыкальных произведений. «Сильное музыкальное дарование» Ю. К. Щуцкого отмечал его учитель академик В. М. Алексеев. Согласно Н. Ю. Грякаловой, опубликовавшей ранее неизвестную дарственную надпись А. А. Блока, свидетельствующую о знакомстве поэта с Ю. К. Щуцким, в Архиве востоковедов Санкт-Петербургского филиала Института востоковедения РАН сохранились рукописи нескольких романсов, музыку к которым написал Ю. К. Щуцкий.

В 1914 Ю. К. Щуцкий побывал в Германии, Франции и Швейцарии.

С 1920 года работал в Азиатском музее Академии наук СССР (с 1930 — Институт востоковедения Академии наук СССР).

В 1921 окончил этнолого-лингвистический отдел факультета общественных наук Петроградского университета по кафедре китаеведения.

…Но были и блестящие примеры: Щуцкий, Васильев, Алабышев

В начале 1920-х был участником одного из петроградских антропософских кружков.

В мае 1923 года прочел в разряде Индии и Дальнего Востока РАИМК доклад «Исповедание дао у Гэ Хуна».

В 1924—1925 учебном году начал читать в ЛГУ курс «Введение в даологию».

В 1920 г. Ю. К. Щуцкий начал работать в Азиатском музее Академии наук, где прошел служебный путь от научного сотрудника 3-го разряда до ученого хранителя музея, а затем, после реорганизации музея в 1930 г. в Институт востоковедения АН СССР стал ученым специалистом и с. 1933 г. — ученым секретарём китайского кабинета института.

В 1928 г., по рекомендации В. М. Алексеева Ю. К. Щуцкий был командирован Академией наук в Японию для приобретения японских и китайских книг и ознакомления с научно-исследовательской деятельностью японских синологов. В Японии он пробыл четыре с половиной месяца, живя в Осаке при буддийском храме.

Совместно с Б. А. Васильевым (1899—1937), другим выдающимся учеником В. М. Алексеева, написал в 1934 г. учебник китайского языка (байхуа).

Ю. К. Щуцкий входил в состав временной комиссии по латинизации китайской письменности при Всесоюзном центральном комитете нового алфавита и постоянно участвовал в работе группы по изучению синтаксиса в Ленинградском научно-исследовательском институте языкознания. Наиболее значительным результатом его лингвистических изысканий стала статья «Следы стадиальности в китайской иероглифике» (1932).

В 1936—1937 гг. был сотрудником Государственного Эрмитажа, где в отделе нумизматики до 1933 года работал Н. В. Алабышев.

В августе 1937 года арестован по обвинению в «шпионаже» и приговорён к смертной казни. Расстрелян в феврале 1938. Его соавтор Б. А. Васильев был арестован 6 сентября 1937, обвинён 19 ноября и расстрелян 24 ноября в Ленинграде «в один день с рядом других востоковедов». В ряде изданий советского времени указана неверная дата смерти — 1941 или 1946 г. Числился в штате Института востоковедения до 1943 г.

Многие годы Щуцкий посвятил изучению, переводу и комментированию одного из самых трудных для понимания памятников китайской литературы и философии – «Книги перемен».  Эта работа стала трудом всей его жизни и принесла ему посмертную мировую известность.  Много раз его труд "И-Цзин. Китайская классическая "Книга перемен" переиздавался в нашей стране и в других странах, так как признан лучшим из  переводов, имеющихся на европейских языках.

Большая часть из того что было написано им, оставалось в рукописях: ноты, лингвистические, литературные и философские труды. Они были изъяты во время ареста 1937 года и безвозвратно исчезли в недрах НКВД.

Выдающийся российский ученый Юлиан Константинович Щуцкий был расстрелян 18 февраля 1938 года.

Место его захоронения предположительно на Левашовской пустоши.

Реабилитирован за отсутствием состава преступления  в 1956 году".

Научная деятельность
Владел китайским, японским, корейским, вьетнамским, маньчжурским, бирманским, тайским, бенгальским, хиндустани, санскритом, арабским, древнееврейским, немецким, французским, английским, польским, голландским и латынью. Впервые в России ввёл преподавание гуанчжоуского (кантонского) диалекта китайского языка и вьетнамского языка. Совместно с Б. А. Васильевым (1899—1938) написал учебник китайского языка. После гибели Щуцкого вьетнамистика в СССР на долгое время перестала существовать.

Известен главным образом благодаря классическому переводу и интерпретации «Книги перемен» — одного из канонов китайского пятикнижия. Исследование «Книги перемен» Щуцкий защитил за два месяца до ареста в качестве докторской диссертации. Выполненные им перевод и исследование «Книги» (издано в 1960) признаны одним из самых фундаментальных синологических трудов XX века. В 1979 книга переведена на английский язык и опубликована в США и Англии.

В 1922 году выполнил перевод трактата Гэ Хуна Баопу-цзы, ныне утраченный. По этому поводу его учитель В. М. Алексеев посвятил Щуцкому следующее шуточное стихотворение из одних односложных слов, имитирующее китайскую поэзию:

Он брит, щёк шёлк — мат.
Глаз мал — взгляд так остр…
Фра Щуц средь нас монстр:
Гэ Хун был им смят.

В 1923 году совместно с Алексеевым опубликовал Антологию китайской лирики VIII—IX веков.

Щуцкий и Е. И. Дмитриева
В 1922 году в Петрограде 25-летний Щуцкий познакомился с 35-летней Е. И. Дмитриевой (по мужу Васильевой), известной как героиня знаменитой мистификации — «Черубина де Габриак». К Щуцкому обращён ряд стихотворений Дмитриевой. Начиная с 1911 года Е. И. Дмитриева посвятила себя антропософии. Будучи одной из руководительниц Петербургского антропософского общества она часто ездила по делам общества в Германию, Швейцарию и Финляндию. Видимо, это стало причиной гонений, которым она подверглась в 20-е годы.

По пути в японскую командировку осенью 1927 года Щуцкий заезжал к ссыльной Дмитриевой в Ташкент, и по его совету она создала цикл стихотворений от имени китайского поэта Ли Сян Цзы («мудрец из домика под грушевым деревом»; первый её псевдоним был «Е. Ли»), сосланного на чужбину. На обратном пути, незадолго до смерти Дмитриевой, в сентябре 1928 года, Щуцкий также навестил её.

В 1935 году он вспоминал о Елизавете: «Не меньшее влияние на развитие моих поэтических вкусов оказала покойная Е. И. Васильева (Черубина де Габриак), которая, более того, собственно сделала меня человеком. Несмотря на то, что прошли уже годы с её смерти, она продолжает быть центром моего сознания как морально-творческий идеал человека». Впоследствии именно японская командировка 1927—1928 гг. стала одной из причин расстрела Щуцкого как «шпиона».

Адреса в Петрограде — Ленинграде
Офицерская улица (ныне ул. Декабристов), дом 9, кв. 2. 21 марта 2015 г. на этом доме установлен памятный знак «Последний адрес», ставший одним из первых в Петербурге.

Сочинения
 Щуцкий Ю. К. Даос в буддизме. — Восточные записки, т. 1, Л., 1927
 Щуцкий Ю. К. Основные проблемы в истории текста «Ле-цзы». — Записки коллегии востоковедов, т. 3, вып. 2, 1928
 Щуцкий Ю. К. Следы стадиальности в китайской иероглифике. — Яфетический сборник, т. 3, Л., 1932
 Щуцкий Ю. К. Докторская диссертация. Китайская классическая «Книга перемен». Опыт филологического исследования и перевода. Л., 1937
 Щуцкий Ю. К. Китайская классическая «Книга перемен». М., 1960, 1992, 1993, 1997
 Щуцкий Ю. К. Дао и дэ в книгах Лао-цзы и Чжуан-цзы. — От магической силы к моральному императиву: категория дэ в китайской культуре. М., 1998
 Shchutskii, Iulian. Researches on the I Ching. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979. Translated from the Russian by William MacDonald and Tsuyoshi Hasegawa

Примечания

Литература
 Кобзев А. И. Краткая биография Ю. К. Щуцкого // Щуцкий Ю. К. Китайская классическая «Книга Перемен». — 2-е изд. испр. и доп. / Под ред. А. И. Кобзева. — М.: Наука, 1993
 Алексеев В. М. Записка о научных трудах и научной деятельности профессора-китаеведа Юлиана Константиновича Щуцкого. // Алексеев В. М. Наука о Востоке. М., 1982. С.89-93.
 Алексеев В. М. Замечания на перевод Ю. К. Щуцкого «Баопу-цзы»// Алексеев В. М. Наука о Востоке. М., 1982. С.93-94.
 Алексеев В. М. Замечания на книгу-диссертацию Ю. К. Щуцкого "Китайская классическая «Книга перемен»// Алексеев В. М. Наука о Востоке. М., 1982. С.371-388.
 Грякалова Н. Ю. Неизвестный инскрипт Блока. — Александр Блок: Исследования и материалы. Л., 1987.
 Грякалова Н. Ю. Стихотворения Е. И. Васильевой, посвящённые Ю. К. Щуцкому // Русская литература, 1988, № 4, с. 200—205.
 Елесин Д. В. К биографии Ю. К. Щуцкого (1897—1938)//25-я Научная конференция «Общество и государство в Китае». Ч.I, М., 1994.С.72-77.
 Баньковская М. В. «Памятка» — в напоминание (к двум датам биографии Ю. К. Щуцкого // Петербургское востоковедение. 1997. Выпуск 9. С.476-500.
 Глоцер Владимир. Последний псевдоним Черубины // Петербургское востоковедение. 1997. Выпуск 9. С.522-525.
 Меньшиков Л. Н. Ю. К. Щуцкий — поэт и переводчик китайской классической поэзии // Дальнее эхо: Антология китайской лирики (VII—IX вв.)/ В переводах Ю. К. Щуцкого. СПб., 2000. С.7-22.

Ссылки
 О Юлиане Шуцком на сайте ИВР РАН

Антропософы
Воспитанники приюта принца Петра Григорьевича Ольденбургского
Востоковеды России
Востоковеды, репрессированные в СССР
Выпускники Санкт-Петербургского политехнического института (до 1917 года)
Выпускники факультета общественных наук ЛГУ
Доктора филологических наук
Казнённые в 1938 году
Казнённые учёные
Казнённые философы
Лингвисты России
Переводчики поэзии на русский язык
Переводчики России
Переводчики с китайского языка
Персоналии: Последний адрес в Санкт-Петербурге
Персоналии:Государственный Эрмитаж
Полиглоты
Посмертно реабилитированные в СССР
Преподаватели Ленинградского восточного института
Расстрелянные в РСФСР
Синологи России
Сотрудники ИВР РАН
Филологи России


text:
Temple-Webster-Stoner House, also known as the Little House on Broad Run and Old Mill House, is a historic home located in West Bradford Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. A datestone suggests the house was built in 1714, but may have been built at the time of the mill about 1730. It is a -story, fieldstone structure.  A kitchen wing was added about 1800.  Now used as a Unitarian Retreat.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

References

External links

 Arnold-Temple House, Broad Run Road (West Bradford Township), Marshallton, Chester County, PA : 16 photos and 5 data pages, at Historic American Buildings Survey

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Houses completed in 1730
Houses in Chester County, Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Chester County, Pennsylvania


text:
Die  Illes Medes, spanisch Islas Medas und deutsch Medas-Inseln, sind eine kleine Inselgruppe von sieben unbewohnten Inseln bei L'Estartit mit insgesamt 21,5 ha Fläche. Die Karst-Inseln im Mittelmeer an der Costa Brava in Katalonien, Spanien, stellen geologisch die Fortsetzung des benachbarten Montgrí-Massivs auf dem Festland dar. Die Hauptinsel ist die größte Insel der Costa Brava.

Lage
Die Inselgruppe mit der größeren Hauptinsel Meda Gran (18,7 ha) ist dem Ort L'Estartit mit etwa 1 km Entfernung zum Strand unmittelbar vorgelagert. Die weiteren Inseln der Gruppe sind Meda Xica (2,6 ha), Tascons Grossos, Medellot, Tascons Petits, Ferrenelles und Cavall Bernat. Einige sind flächenmäßig eher aus dem Wasser ragende Steilfelsen. Die Höhe der Felsen beträgt zwischen 25 und 67 m (Hauptinsel). Der Zutritt zu den Inseln ist mit fachkundiger Führung erlaubt.

Naturschutz und Tauchen
Das Gebiet rund um die Inseln ist seit 1990 ein streng geschütztes Unterwasser-Naturschutzgebiet. Da der Fischfang bereits seit 1983 verboten ist, ist es bekannt für seine Vielfalt an Fischen und Krustentieren. In großer Zahl sind vor allem Zackenbarsche zu sehen. Weitere Meerestiere sind Adlerrochen, Muränen und Tintenfische.

Die Unterwasserflora und -fauna der Inselgruppe mit Unterwasserhöhlen wird von Sporttauchern als unvergleichlich im Mittelmeer betrachtet. Der Tauchbetrieb hat sich zu einem wesentlichen Wirtschaftsfaktor im Tourismus von L'Estartit entwickelt. Es gibt rund ein Dutzend Tauchschulen, die geführte Touren zu den Inseln anbieten. An den Inseln sind Tauchplätze mit Bojen markiert, es herrscht eine strenge Taucherreglementierung. Eine Besonderheit ist die sogenannte "Delfin-Höhle", welche nur über einen in etwa 20 Meter unter der Wasseroberfläche liegenden Eingang von Tauchern erreicht werden kann. Im Inneren der Höhle gibt es eine große Kammer mit einer Luftblase. Den Eingang zur Höhle markiert eine kleine figürliche Darstellung eines Delfins.

Auch mit Glasbodenbooten ist die Unterwasserwelt der Inseln gut zu erkunden.

Geschichte

Schiffsreste deuten darauf hin, dass die Inseln schon vor Jahrtausenden von griechischen Schiffen angelaufen wurde. Menschliche Knochenfunde deuten auf eine Bestattungsstätte auf der Hauptinsel Meda Gran hin. Im 15. Jahrhundert entstand auf ihr eine Befestigungsanlage, die von Rittern bewohnt war. Nachdem sie die Insel verlassen hatten, wandelte sie sich in ein Piratennest. Piraten führten von hier aus auch Überfälle in das Landesinnere durch. Als Folge wurden Bauernhöfe zwischen L'Estartit und Torroella de Montgrí mit Wehrtürmen (Torre Gran, Torre Begura) militärisch befestigt. Im 18. Jahrhundert diente die Hauptinsel als Gefängnis, das im 19. Jahrhundert in eine kleine Militärgarnison umgewandelt wurde. Wegen ihrer Lage stellte die Inselgruppe einen wichtigen strategischen Punkt der Küstenverteidigung dar. Auf der Meda Gran gibt es einen kleinen Leuchtturm, der 1866 entstand. Bis 1930 wurde er von einem Leuchtfeuerwärter betreut; heute wird er mit Solarstrom betrieben.

Weblinks

Luftbild mit Text (katalanisch)
Seekarte der Inselgruppe

Geographie (Katalonien)
Medas-Inseln
Medas-Inseln
Medas-Inseln
Tauchtourismus
Torroella de Montgrí


text:
Ali Ideflawen, o simplemente Ideflawen, (); (nombre real Ait Ferhat Ali (); , Timizart (provincia de Tizi Ouzou, Cabilia, Argelia) es un músico, cantautor, intérprete y activista argelino de expresión del idioma cabilio, y miembro fundador del Grupo Ideflawen. En este nuevo producto, Ideflawen, retoma un poema de la madre del militante nacionalista Ali Laïmèche. Un diálogo entre la madre y su descendencia dedicando su vida a la libertad. Todo con un colorido vestido musical. "Ayyigh daaegh-k a mmi, lukan tettaghed awal-iw; ad-iyi hqer waâdaw-IW, mi qlegh de akli tmurt di-IW "(Sigo pidiendo mi hijo, al menos si estuviera escuchando, mi enemigo me irritan, si me convertía en un esclavo en mi país). Tal es el lamento brillantemente cantado por Ideflawen.

Se lo invoca, en la crítica, como el artista con la voz dorada.

Su sobrenombre de artista, Ali Ideflawen, significa «Ali de las nieves» en tamazight. Sus temas han encarnado magistralmente el dolor de la memoria colectiva de un pueblo maltratado por la opresión del poder político. militar; y, también por las traiciones múltiples de Kabyles de servicio.

Sus álbumes son un éxito completo. Una de sus canciones: "Berwagia", un texto que cuenta la terrible experiencia y el sufrimiento de los presos políticos, arrojados a las mazmorras durante semanas en el frío y la humedad. Y en otra canción de culto, Ali interpreta una canción inédita de su amigo y compañero de lucha Imaziɣen Imula, titulada "¡Sí, sí señor!". Sus temas se ocupan de las noticias calientes dominadas por el surgimiento del fundamentalismo islámico, que estará en el origen de la década negra.

La voz de Ali Ideflawen, mejora tantos mensajes de poetas, dándoles una y otra vez un soplo de vida que se regenera, hasta el punto en que el público ya no está ante un escenario escuchándolo: es transportado a una Argelia de las década de 1970 y 1980, que censuró las libertades, encarceló a los opositores, que maltrataron sus identidades, que menospreciaron a la mujer, que sofocaron al individuo y que violaron las esperanzas. Cuando el artista canta Tilmzit (La mujer), su público canta a coro con él.

Véase también

Ideflawen
Chaabi (Argelia)
Música de Argelia

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Su Facebook
Canta el autor, en Youtube, 262 min

Cantautores de Argelia
Músicos de Argelia
Músicos del siglo XX
Músicos del siglo XXI
Cantantes masculinos de Argelia
Cantantes en árabe
Escritores de Argelia del siglo XX
Escritores de Argelia del siglo XXI
Escritores en árabe del siglo XX
Escritores en árabe del siglo XXI
Músicos de raï
Activistas de Argelia
Emigrantes argelinos hacia Francia
Escritores con seudónimo
Letristas
Bereberes
Cabileños


text:
Події

Твори
 «Несподіваний випадок» - п'єса  Олександра Островського.

Видання

Народились
 15 січня — Міхай Емінеску, румунський поет (помер у 1889)
 5 серпня — Гі де Мопассан, французький письменник (помер у 1893).
 13 листопада — Роберт Льюїс Стівенсон, шотландський письменник і поет (помер у 1894).

Померли

1850


text:
Hard Believer is the sixth studio album by British band Fink. It was released globally by Ninja Tune's imprint R'COUP'D on 14 July 2014.

Promotion
"Looking Too Closely" was released as the lead single to promote the album on 8 July 2014. An official music video for the song, directed by Joffrey Jans and Kai Kurve (Wolf&Lamm Directors Duo), was released onto YouTube on 2 July 2014.

On 7 October 2014, a music video for the second single, "Shakespeare", premiered on YouTube. It was directed by Oliver Murray. An extended play containing remixes of the song will be released digitally on 13 October 2014.

Track listing

Personnel
Fink
Fin Greenall – lead and harmony vocals, acoustic guitars, keyboards
Guy Whittaker – electric and acoustic bass, BVs
Tim Thornton – drums, electric and acoustic guitars, BVs

Additional musicians
Ruben Hein – piano
Zac Rae – synths and effects

Chart performance

References

2014 albums
Fink (singer) albums
Ninja Tune albums


text:
The Conservative Partnership Institute, also referred to as CPI, is a United States-based conservative nonprofit organization. The stated purpose of CPI is the professional development of conservative staffers and elected officials. Under the leadership of Mark Meadows, the nonprofit has bolstered notable MAGA figures such as U.S. Representatives Marjorie Taylor Greene and Lauren Boebert, according to the Washington Post.

Background
The Conservative Partnership Institute was founded in 2017 by Jim DeMint, who serves as the organization's chairman. Mark Meadows joined as a senior partner in January 2021. The Save America PAC donated $1 million to CPI. A 2022 NPR investigation found CPI might be violating prohibitions on 501(c)(3) charities providing benefits to political parties by supporting candidates and groups aligned with the Republican Party.

Property purchases
Within the span of one year, limited liability companies connected to CPI purchased nine properties that are "steps" from each other other in Washington D.C. Grid News refers to these purchasing entities as "shell companies". The total purchase price for these properties is $41 million. These properties are located two blocks east of the United States Capitol, which houses the U.S. Congress. The purchased properties, which CPI now controls, consist of "four commercial properties along a single Pennsylvania Avenue block, three adjoining rowhouses around the corner, and a garage and carriage house in the rear alley. CPI's aim, as expressed in its annual report, is to transform the swath of prime real estate into a campus it calls 'Patriot's Row.

The name of Edward Corrigan, the president of CPI, appears on public documents related to the purchases. The companies involved in the purchases list Cameron Seward, CPI's general counsel and director of operations, as an officer on corporate filings, and give CPI's Independence Avenue headquarters as their principal address. Seward's name also appears on the purchasing companies' incorporation documents.

References

External links

 YouTube website

Non-profit organizations based in the United States
Conservatism in the United States
Trumpism
Politics of the United States
Political organizations based in the United States
Conservative political advocacy groups in the United States


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Neville Vivian Bothe (born 8 February 1970) is a Seychellois football manager, currently managing the Seychelles.

Managerial career
In September 2021, following stints as manager of St Michel United and assistant manager of the Seychelles, Bothe was appointed manager of the Seychelles. Two months after Bothe's appointment, the Seychelles won the 2021 Four Nations Football Tournament.

References

Living people
1970 births
Seychellois football managers
Seychelles national football team managers


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Iž je otok u zadarskom arhipelagu.

Zemljopis
Smješten je između Dugog otoka i Ugljana, od kojih je odvojen Srednjim kanalom na istoku i Iškim na zapadu; 17,59 km2; 615 (2011) stanovnika. Okružuje ga deset otočića, a najveći među njima je Knežak. Otočić Rutnjak pred lukom uređen je kao park. Najviši vrh Iža je Korinjak (168 m). Klima je blaga mediteranska; srednja godišnja temperatura zraka 15 °C. Gospodarska je osnova poljodjelstvo, vinogradarstvo, voćarstvo, maslinarstvo, ribarstvo i pomorstvo. Naselja su Mali Iž i Veli Iž.

Povijest
Otok je bio naseljen već u pretpovijesti. Konstantin Porfirogenet naziva ga u 10. stoljeću Ez; u srednjem vijeku i kasnije bio u posjedu zadarskih plemića i građana. Župna crkva sv. Petra u Velom Ižu spominje se od 14. st., ali nije sačuvana u prvobitnom obliku. Sačuvan je dvorac zadarske obitelji Canagietti; dvorac obitelji Fanfogna, sagrađen prvobitno u romaničkom stilu, ali kasnije pregrađivan, pretvoren je u 19. st. u školu. Iznad luke, navrh sela Malog Iža je predromanička crkvica (iz 11. st.) kružnog oblika s polukružnom apsidom; njoj je u 17. st. prigrađen pravokutni brod. Nedaleko od nje je utvrđeni dvorac.
Kod Iža se 1604. odvila bitka između uskoka i Mletaka.

Za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata Iž je bio žarište antifašističkog pokreta.

Gospodarstvo
Središte otoka, Veli Iž, leži u pitomoj uvali na sjevero-zapadnoj strani otoka. Maslinarstvo, ribarstvo i pomorstvo glavne su gospodarske djelatnosti. Suvremeno opremljena marina, hotel "Korinjak", teniska igrališta, nekoliko domaćih gostionica i restorana.

Kultura

Veli Iž ima sačuvanu staru jezgru, a u središtu mjesta je obnovljena crkva sv. Petra i Pavla. Etnografska zbirka Velog Iža čuva brojne primjerke autentične iške keramike i alata tradicionalnog lončarskog obrta.

Poznata je tradicionalna Iška fešta (29. srpnja). Mještani se tada oblače u tradicionalne nošnje, izvode se stari otočki plesovi i pjesme te pripremaju domaća jela. Vrhunac svečanosti je biranje "iškog kralja" s mandatom od godinu dana.

Mali Iž se smjestio na jugoistočnoj obali otoka Iža, a sastoji se od tri živopisna mjestašca (Mućel, Makovac i Porovac), na tri brda, u podnožju kojih su dvije uvale - Knež i Komoševa.

Obližnji otoci

Dokumentarni filmovi
 Iž, otok glagoljice

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Veli Iž
 Zadarska nadbiskupija: Veli Iž
 Zadarska nadbiskupija: Mali Iž
 Korinjak.com - O otoku


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Reynaldo "Ray" Salazar (August 25, 1931 – April 28, 2016) was an American accountant, politician and veteran of the United States Navy, who served as the Mayor of El Paso, Texas, from 1977 until 1979. Salazar was El Paso's second Hispanic mayor, following Raymond Telles, who had previously held the office from 1957 to 1961.

Biography
Salazar was born in El Paso, Texas, in 1931 to Guadalupe Chaparro (Raul) and Reynaldo Salazar. He was one of four children, including a brother, Frank Salazar Sr., and two sisters, Olga and Alice. He graduated from El Paso High School in 1949, enlisted in the United States Navy for four years, and served in the Korean War. During the 1950s, Salazar enrolled in Texas Western College (now known as the University of Texas at El Paso) during the 1950s, and graduated with a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) in accounting in 1957. He was a certified public accountant by profession.

In 1977, Salazar was elected Mayor of El Paso, defeating incumbent Mayor Don Henderson. He served in office for one term from 1977 to 1979. He oversaw the construction of the new, present-day El Paso City Hall, which was constructed near Union Plaza.

As mayor, Salazar opposed a proposed border fence along the U.S.-Mexico border between El Paso and Ciudad Juarez. In "The Cactus Curtain", an article published in Texas Monthly in 1977, explained his opposition to the barrier, telling the magazine, "We don't want a Berlin Wall between our two cities...Besides, a seventeen-mile fence won't keep illegal aliens out. They'll just go to the end of the fence and come in around it. If the fence runs the entire two thousand miles from Chula Vista to Brownsville, they'll just cut holes in it. There's no way a barrier like that can be maintained without spending millions and millions of dollars. And the only result is going to be increased hostilities between neighbors."

Salazar ran for a second term, but was defeated for re-election by Tom Westfall in the 1979 mayoral election. he largely stayed out of local politics until the late 1990s, when he made an unsuccessful run for El Paso County judge.

In 2013, Salazar filed a lawsuit to block the demolition of the former City Hall, which was slated to be torn down to construct Southwest University Park, a minor league baseball stadium. In the lawsuit, which was filed against city Reps. Cortney Niland and Steve Ortega and then-City Manager Joyce Wilson, Salazar alleged that the officials had misused public funds to build the new stadium. Salazar also requested a review of city Rep. Ortega's income taxes for the prior three years. His lawsuit was later dismissed and the old City Hall was imploded in April 2013.

Ray Salazar died from heart complications on April 28, 2016, at the age of 84. He was survived by his wife of 61 years, Dolores Salazar, and their seven children - Debra Kosich, Susan Bullard, Michael Salazar, Mark Salazar, Linda King, Matthew Salazar and Martin Salazar; as well as his two sisters. His funeral was held at St. Patrick Cathedral in El Paso, with burial at Fort Bliss National Cemetery.

Salazar died less than one month after the passing of another former El Paso Mayor, Ralph Seitsinger, in March 2016 at the age of 100.

References

1931 births
2016 deaths
Mayors of El Paso, Texas
Hispanic and Latino American mayors in Texas
Hispanic and Latino American politicians
American accountants
University of Texas at El Paso alumni
United States Navy personnel of the Korean War


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Muster-Liste a reprezentat rezultatele conscripției efectuate de autoritățile imperiale în perioada noiembrie 1774 - februarie 1775, pe întreg teritoriul Regimentului I de graniță de la Orlat, din cadrul Graniței militare transilvănene. Conscripția a fost una completă, recenzând informații cu caracter militar, social-economic, cultural și religios în vederea stabilirii progresului înregistrat de granița militară la 10 ani de la înființare. Conscriptorii, locotenent-colonel Sburlati și maiorul Karp și Cioconari, ofițeri de stat major au vizitat toate satele aparținătoare ale regimentului și au înregistrat toate aspectele grănicerești cu meticulozitatea specifică funcționarilor împărătești.

Rezultatele acestei conscripții au fost concretizate în documentul cunoscut sub numele de "Muster-Liste" datat în 20 mai 1777, întocmit de generalul-maior Johann Cristani von Rall și comisarul de război Gotfried Obs și publicat în extras de către George Bariț în publicațiile sibiene "Observatoriulu", începând cu nr.7/1885 și în "Transilvania" începând cu nr.23-24/1884 și continuat în nr.1-10/1885 sub titlul "Materialu pentru istoria Regimentului I granitiariu din Transilvania".

Regimentul I de Graniță de la Orlat


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Aphelariaceae Corner – rodzina podstawczaków należąca do rzędu pieprznikowców (Cantharellales).

Charakterystyka
Grzyby należące do rodziny Aphelariaceae to prawdopodobnie saprotrofy. Wytwarzają krzaczkowate, wielokrotnie rozgałęzione owocniki podobne do koralówek (Ramaria), stąd początkowo zaliczane były do rzędu goździeńcowatych (Clavariaceae). Podobne (przypominające jednak przypominające bardziej goździeńce niż koralówki), owocniki wytwarzają grzyby z należącej do tego samego rzędu rodziny goździeńczykowatych (Clavulinaceae), jednak Aphelariaceae różnią się od nich wytwarzaniem trój- lub czterozarodnikowych podstawek.

Grzyby z tej rodziny są szeroko rozpowszechnione w regionach tropikalnych.

Systematyka
Rodzinę tę utworzył Edred John Henry Corner w artykule Supplement to 'A monograph of Clavaria and allied genera''', opublikowanym w "Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia" z 1970.

Według CABI databases bazującego na Dictionary of the Fungi do rodziny Aphelariaceae należą rodzaje:
 Aphelaria Corner 1950
 Phaeoaphelaria Corner 1953
 Tumidapexus'' D.A. Crawford 1954.

Przypisy


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Der Begriff des Globalismus entstammt  den Theorien der internationalen Beziehungen und geht davon aus, dass die Staaten durch die erfolgende Globalisierung als internationale Akteure massiv an Bedeutung verlieren  und neue transnationale Akteure (wie etwa Firmen als Global Player) auftauchen, so dass sich ein weltweites Mehrebenensystem herausbildet, in dem Probleme durch Kooperation zwischen sämtlichen Akteuren mittels  Weltinnenpolitik oder Global Governance gelöst werden müssen und können. Der Begriff ist der Großtheorie des Liberalismus zuzuordnen und richtet sich explizit gegen die staatszentrierten Grundvorstellungen von Realismus und Neorealismus, die er in der sog. Globalismus-Realismus Kontroverse kritisierte.

Abseits davon wird er in öffentlichen und soziologischen Debatten dazu benutzt, um Grundannahmen der marktliberalen Globalisierung als "neoliberal" zu kritisieren. "Globalismus" erscheint in diesem Sprachgebrauch als polemisches Synonym für eine Ideologie des globalisierten Marktfundamentalismus.

Der Begriff des Globalismus bei Ulrich Beck
Für Ulrich Beck ist Globalismus dementsprechend eine politische Vorstellung, die davon ausgeht, dass politisches Handeln nur noch als nachvollziehende Anpassung an die Gesetze des Weltmarktes möglich sei. Diese Prämisse liegt einem politischen Diskurs zugrunde, wonach es nur noch darauf ankomme, dass ein Unternehmen sowie eine Volkswirtschaft wettbewerbsfähig werde und sich dazu unabweisbaren Strukturreformen unterziehen müsse.

Er sieht eine einseitige und monokausale Fixierung auf das Ökonomische. Er versucht die negativen Aspekte des Globalismus deutlich zu machen und die positive Perspektive von Vieldimensionalität (Globalisierung und weiter Globalität) aufzuzeigen.

Einige Kritikpunkte Becks sind:
 Die Annahme, dass der freie Welthandel zu einer Senkung der Kosten und somit zu einem Wohlstand für alle führt, bestreitet Beck, da er der Meinung ist, dass Kostensenkungen durch Verletzung menschenwürdiger Arbeits- und Produktionsstandards (z. B. Kinderarbeit, Arbeiten unter der Armutsgrenze, nicht menschenwürdige Arbeitsbedingungen) herbeigeführt werden und nicht, wie vom Neoliberalismus unterstellt, durch Erhöhung der Wirtschaftlichkeit.
 Durch die Vorrangstellung der Ökonomie werde die vieldimensionale Weltgesellschaft auf die (nahezu) eindimensionale Weltmarktgesellschaft reduziert. Auf das Rentensystem in Deutschland z. B. bezogen hätte das nach Beck die Auswirkung, dass die Altersvorsorge privatisiert wird und nur noch Personen, die in den Rentenfonds einzahlen, auch Renten erhalten, so dass die derzeitige Solidarität im Rentensystem hinfällig würde.
 Dem Globalismus unterstellt er eine Tendenz zur kulturellen Vereinheitlichung (z. B. dass die ganze Welt auch das Gleiche oder sehr Ähnliches konsumiere), wohingegen Beck der Ansicht ist, dass die kulturelle Entwicklung plural ist und auch bleibt, dabei aber örtliche und nationale Grenzen überschreitet.
 Der Globalismus hält wirtschaftliches Denken für allgemeingültig, so dass in allen Bereichen Weltmarktgesetze zu herrschen scheinen. Beck hingegen behauptet, die ökonomische Globalisierung sei kein Mechanismus auf der Basis solcher Weltmarktgesetze, sondern ein politisches Projekt, das heißt, die Politik habe den Prozess der Globalisierung immer weiter vorangetrieben, wobei der Globalismus die Politik zunehmend entmachten würde.

Literatur
 Ulrich Beck: Was ist Globalisierung? ISBN 3-518-40944-1.

 John Ralston Saul: The Collapse of Globalism. And the Reinvention of the World. Viking Canada. ISBN 978-0-670-06367-3. auf Global Policy Forum.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Globalisierung