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The Wigan Warriors are a professional rugby league club in Wigan, Greater Manchester, England, which competes in the Super League.

Formed in 1872 as Wigan Football Club, Wigan was a founding member of the Northern Rugby Football Union following the schism from the Rugby Football Union in 1895. Wigan is the most successful club in the history of World Rugby League having won 22 League Championships (including 5 Super League Grand Finals), 20 Challenge Cups, 4 World Club Challenges and over 100 honours in total. The club had a period of sustained success from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s winning eight successive Challenge Cups and seven successive League Championships.

Since 1999 the club has played home matches at the DW Stadium, before which it played at Central Park from 1902.

The head coach is Matt Peet.

History

1872–1902: Formation and NRFU foundation
On 21 November 1872, Wigan Football Club was founded by members of Wigan Cricket Club following a meeting at the Royal Hotel, Standishgate. The meeting saw around 50 members enroll into the club most of whom were members of the cricket club. The following committee was selected: T.R. Ellis, H.V. Kyrke, J. Sayers, E.R. Walker, J. Smith, J. Souter, H. Wall and R. Procter. The recently re-elected Mayor of Wigan Mr Nathan Eckersley was made club President. Many of the club's founding members were well-to-do some owned businesses or were solicitors, magistrates and suchlike. Wigan F.C. played on Folly Field, near Upper Dicconson Street and used the nearby Dicconson Arms Hotel as a HQ.

The first match took place on 30 November when members played against each other in a practice match at Folly Field the match attracted around 2,000 spectators. After a series of trial and practice matches, they travelled to Warrington to play their first competitive match on 18 January 1873. The game ended in a draw. The club played six games in its first season finishing with a record of three wins and three draws.

An inability to recruit enough regular and quality players led to many members of Upholland Football Club joining the club in 1876. This was a significant boost to the playing ranks. The club changed its name on 20 October 1876 and became Wigan & District Football Club to represent the new influx of players which had joined from the outskirts of town. The club moved and played its home games at the Wigan Cricket Club at Prescott Street just off Frog Lane. The first game at Prescott Street was played against St. Helens on 25 November 1876 which Wigan won comfortably. The club did not fulfil all its fixtures in the 1877/78 season. The club played its last match that season against Liverpool Wanderers on 17 November 1877. There are no current records of the club after 23 November 1877 that year as the club disbanded.

On 22 September 1879, the club was re-formed as Wigan Wasps Football Club by new members at a meeting in the Dicconson Arms. The main instigators of the re-formation of the club anew were W.L. Baldwin, J. Slevin, J. Underwood, Joe Wardle and others. Mr. Underwood was secretary and Mr. Alfred Hodgkinson was named as the treasurer.  Many of the new members involved in the re-establishment of the club had also been involved with the Hare & Hounds running club and were of a more working-class background than the cricketers who had originally founded the club. The club moved back to Folly Field and used the Dicconson Arms Hotel as a HQ again before using the Legs of Man Hotel in the town centre as a HQ a few years later.

In 1881 the club reverted to its original name of Wigan Football Club. It had been suggested that the club should do so but this was finally decided when Club Secretary William Marsden wrote to Wigan Cricket Club to see if they would be forming another football club in the near future as they had done when originally creating Wigan. The cricketers weren't involved with the club anymore but Mr Marsden felt it would be courtesy to ask what their intentions were in relation to football. The secretary of the cricket club wrote back saying it was completely justified for Wigan Wasps to become Wigan Football Club again as the cricketers had no intention of forming another football club with that name or being involved with football at all and as such the club remained the only rugby football club in town at that time.

In 1883, Wigan won its first trophy, the Wigan Union Charity Cup. The club won the West Lancashire and Border Towns Union Cup in 1884 and the Wigan Union Charity Cup again in 1885. The club played in cherry and white jerseys for the first time on 26 September 1885.
In 1888 they hosted the touring New Zealand Maoris.

During this era Wigan were represented by some iconic players. James 'Jim' Slevin, Ned Bullough, William 'Billy' Atkinson and John 'Jack' Anderton. Jim Slevin arguably being the most important player for Wigan during this era. He made a total of 290 appearances, scoring 131 tries and was involved in the club winning 8 trophies.

Wigan, Leigh and Salford were suspended by the RFU for breaking the strict amateur code despite their argument that broken-time payments were necessary to avoid undue hardship for their working class players. The clubs were placed joint bottom of the Lancashire league. With automatic promotion and relegation, they faced dropping down a division, and potential financial ruin. In 1895 Wigan joined with other clubs from Yorkshire and Lancashire to found the Northern Union which led eventually to the sport of rugby league. This was a result of the breakaway from the Rugby Football Union.

The County Championship was introduced in October 1895 with Cheshire entertaining Lancashire. The Red Rose side contained three players from Wigan: Winstanley (full back) and Unsworth and Brown (forwards).

In 1896–97, due to the increased number of Northern Union teams the Northern League was abandoned in favour of two County Senior leagues. The second half of the season saw the introduction of the Northern Union Cup (later known as the Rugby League Cup). Wigan reached the third round before being knocked out by St. Helens.

In 1904, fourteen clubs resigned from the two county leagues to form a new Northern Rugby League for season 1901–02. Wigan however remained in the Lancashire Senior Competition.

Wigan became sub-tenants of Springfield Park, which they shared with Wigan United AFC, playing their first game there on 14 September 1901. A crowd of 4,000 saw them beat Morecambe 12–0. During this season Wigan won the Lancashire Senior Competition.

Wigan's record crowd at Springfield was 10,000 when they beat Widnes on 19 March 1902. The last game was on 28 April 1902 when Wigan beat the Rest of Lancashire Senior Competition. Two meetings were held by Wigan members during the season to discuss the possibility of turning the club into a Limited Company but the idea did not take off.

1902–1945: Move to Central Park and Wartime Emergency League

On 6 September 1902, Wigan played at Central Park for the first time in the opening match of the newly formed First Division. An estimated crowd of 9,000 spectators saw Wigan beat Batley 14–8.

In the 1905–06 season they won their first cup, in rugby league, the Lancashire County Cup. Between 1906 and 1923 Wigan won the Lancashire League another seven times and the Lancashire Cup another four times. Wigan were the first winners of the Lancashire cup.

Wigan played New Zealand on 9 November 1907 and ran out winners by 12 points to 8 in front of a crowd of around 30,000.
Great Britain, then known as the Northern Union, played their first ever test against New Zealand on 25 January 1908. James "Jim" Leytham, Bert Jenkins, and John "Johnny" Thomas of Wigan were in the home side and James "Jim" Leytham scored a try. Bert Jenkins, and John "Johnny" Thomas had previously played in the first Welsh game against New Zealand on 1 January 1908.

On Saturday 28 October 1911, Wigan played a match against the Australasian team which visited England on the 1911–12 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain and won.

On 12 May 1921, Wigan became a limited company.

In June 1922 Jim Sullivan joined Wigan from Cardiff RFC when he was only 17. His cash value was put at £750, which was a staggering signing-on fee for an adolescent who had not yet played 13-a-side rugby (based on increases in average earnings, this would be approximately £137,700 in 2015). His first game was at home against Widnes on 27 August 1921, and he scored ten points in a 21–0 win. Almost inevitably, Jim Sullivan scored the first points in the first Challenge Cup Final to be played at Wembley Stadium, kicking a penalty after only three minutes of the inaugural Challenge Cup Final against Dewsbury in 1929 in which he led Wigan to a 13–2 victory. Sullivan became player-coach in 1932.

Wigan won their first Challenge Cup in the 1923–24 season when they beat Oldham 21–4 in Rochdale.

In 1933 the Prince of Wales attended Central Park, becoming the first royal to watch a rugby league match.

On 25 October 1938 Australian Harry Sunderland arrived in Wigan to take up the duties of Secretary-Manager at Central Park. On 28 September the following year, Sunderland's contract was terminated and he and the club parted company.

The outbreak of World War II disrupted the Rugby Football League Championship but Wigan continued to play in the Lancashire War League and the Emergency War League.

During the war years the club went through the 1940–41 season unbeaten although they lost the Championship final. They lost the 1944 Challenge Cup Final over two games to Bradford Northern 8–3 but made up for it beating Dewsbury in the Championship Final.

1945–1980: Post war era
Jim Sullivan's last game, as a player, for Wigan was at Mount Pleasant, Batley, on 23 February 1946. He remained at Central Park for another six seasons as coach.

In 1948 Wigan took part in the first televised rugby league match when their 8–3 Challenge Cup Final victory over Bradford Northern was broadcast to the Midlands. In another first this was the first rugby league match to be attended by the reigning monarch, King George VI, who presented the trophy.

On Saturday 27 October 1951, 33,230 spectators saw Wigan beat Leigh 14–6 in the final of the Lancashire Cup at Station Road, Swinton. In 1952 Wigan won their sixth consecutive Lancashire Cup.

Wigan were also featured in the first league match to be broadcast, a clash with Wakefield Trinity at Central Park on 12 January 1952.

In 1953 Wigan signed Billy Boston for £150. 8,000 fans saw Billy Boston début for Wigan in the 'A' team. He later became one of the most successful and famous Wigan players of all time. Eric Ashton signed for Wigan for £150 in 1955. Wigan went to Wembley six times in the Boston / Ashton era and won three times.

The visit of St. Helens on 27 March 1959 produced Central Park's all-time record attendance of 47,747 which is still a record for any rugby league game in Lancashire. Wigan went on to win the game 19–14 after holding off a Saints comeback. Mick Sullivan moved to Wigan for a then record £9,500 fee in 1957.

Joe Egan returned to coach Wigan and during his time they won the Championship play-off final in 1960 defeating Wakefield Trinity 21–5, the Challenge Cup in 1958, 1959, 13–9 against Workington Town and 30–13 against Hull F.C. respectively before losing in 12–6 to St. Helens in 1961 which was to be his last game in charge.

Wigan continued to have regular success in both league and cup competitions until 1974 when Wigan went eight seasons without winning any leagues or cups.

Eric Ashton coached Wigan from 1963 to 1973. In 1966, Wigan locked television cameras out of their ground in the belief that they affected attendances. They were fined £500 by the Rugby Football League. Wigan beat Oldham 16–13 in the 1966 Lancashire Cup Final. Billy Boston played his last match in the cherry and white, against Wakefield Trinity at the end of April 1968.

Wigan celebrated the centenary year of the club in November 1972, with a match against Australia at Central Park, on Saturday 17 November, the result finished as an 18–18 draw.

Wigan pulled off a surprise victory 19–9 over Salford in the Lancashire Cup Final which was played at Wilderspool, Warrington on Saturday 13 October 1973. Cup holders Salford had lost only one match prior to the final, against the touring Australians.

Ted Toohey became coach of Wigan in May 1974 before being sacked in January 1975, this would set the pattern of coaches lasting one or two seasons before being replaced. Star coach, Joe Coan then took control until he resigned in September 1976, the board accepted his decision "with reluctance". Vince Karalius then took over but was sacked in September 1979, he was replaced by Kel Coslett.

1980–1996: Relegation, subsequent promotion, and most successful period
In 1980, Wigan were relegated from the top flight for the first time in their history and Coslett was replaced by George Fairbairn as player-coach. During the second division season they recorded a record average attendance for the division of 8,198. Wigan won promotion back to the top flight the following season but Fairbairn lasted no longer than May 1981 before moving to Hull Kingston Rovers. Maurice Bamford took over as coach of Wigan before being sacked in May 1982 and was replaced by Alex Murphy.

Maurice Lindsay came to Wigan in the early 1980s to join directors Jack Robinson, Tom Rathbone and ex-player Jack Hilton. Wigan became one of the first teams to go full-time professional in the league, this led to an upsurge in the fortunes of the club.

Between February and October 1987, under new coach, former New Zealand coach Graham Lowe, Wigan won a record 29 games in a row as follows: 20 Division One matches, 3 Premiership Trophy matches, 4 Lancashire Cup matches, 1 Charity Shield final, 1 World Club Challenge Final. Wigan defeated Australian club Manly-Warringah 8–2 in front of a crowd of 36,895 at Central Park for an unofficial World Club Championship (though many who were at Central Park still claim the attendance was closer to 50,000). It was the first time an English club side had beaten a team of Australians at rugby league since the 1978 Kangaroo tour. After Lowe left in 1989, Australian John Monie, a former premiership winning coach with the Parramatta Eels, continued the success at Central Park. From 1988 to 1995 Wigan won the Challenge Cup 8 seasons in a row including their 27–0 win over St Helens in 1989, the first time any team had been held scoreless in a Cup Final at Wembley; this period was Wigan's most successful period to date. They also won the Championship seven times, League Cup four times, Premiership Trophy three times, Charity Shield twice and three World Club Championships.

In February 1990, Wigan announced a record £280,000 profit but by 1993 this had become a loss of £300,000 on a turnover of £3 million, in no small way to the cost of the Whitbread Stand that had been built at the clubhouse end of Central Park in 1991–92 at an estimated cost of £1.3 million. By March 1994 Wigan's wage bill topped £2 million a year.

John Dorahy became coach for the 1993 season. Despite supervising Wigan through to the Challenge Cup and the Rugby Football League Championship, Dorahy was dismissed in May 1994, only days after the club's return from Wembley. In a statement by the club, Dorahy was said to have been sacked for "gross misconduct". Graeme West was appointed as coach, after fans petitioned for him to get the job.

In his first month as coach, at the end of the 1993–94 Rugby Football League season West secured the First Division Premiership Trophy against Castleford, and then traveled with the team to Brisbane, guiding them in their 1994 World Club Challenge victory over Australian premiers, the Brisbane Broncos in front of a WCC record attendance of 54,220. At the end of his first full season, he and the team won the League Championship, Challenge Cup, Regal Trophy, and Premiership - the 'Grand Slam' of all 4 trophies. Even though Wigan dominated rugby league from 1985 to 1995, it was the only season the club achieved this feat.

1996–present: Summer era rugby
Wigan played in a special 2 match challenge series against Bath RFC in 1996, with one game played under league rules, and the other under union rules. Wigan won the league game 82–6 at Maine Road, but lost the return union game 44–19 at Twickenham.

In July 1996 Andy Farrell was named the Wigan club's captain.

Eric Hughes became coach of Wigan Warriors, replacing Graeme West in February 1997 following an early exit from the Challenge Cup in 2 consecutive years. In 1997 the club was renamed as the Wigan Warriors. Wigan's dominance came under threat with the new league now fully professional and the introduction of the salary cap and the 20/20 rule. After going out of the Challenge Cup to Salford in 1996 and St Helens in 1997, they returned to Wembley for the final time in 1998. Still undefeated in the league and the fact coach John Monie - in his second spell at Wigan - had never lost a cup tie meant Wigan were huge favourites against the unfancied Sheffield Eagles. But on 2 May 1998 the Eagles would go down in rugby league history causing the biggest upset in the competition's history with a 17–8 win.

Wigan won the Minor Premiership and the first Super League Grand Final in 1998 with a 10–4 victory over Leeds at Old Trafford, Manchester.

In November 1999, coach Andy Goodway was sacked by Wigan chairman Maurice Lindsay after the Warriors' failure to win a trophy for the first time in 15 years. After a buy-out by Dave Whelan, both the Warriors and the town's football team, Wigan Athletic, moved to the JJB Stadium. As part of the rugby league's "on the road" scheme Wigan met Gateshead Thunder at Tynecastle, Edinburgh. Maurice Lindsay also returned as director. On an emotional day of high drama Wigan's final game at Central Park was against arch rivals St Helens on Sunday 5 September 1999. Wigan legend Ellery Hanley returned as St Helens coach but a Jason Robinson virtuoso try meant the game was won by Wigan 28–20. The first game at the new stadium was a defeat in a Super League play-off match against Castleford on 19 September 1999.

Frank Endacott joined Wigan as head coach after the 1999 season and in 2000 Wigan finished top of the Super League and reached the Grand Final for the second time but this time lost to St Helens 29–16. Wigan reached the Grand Final again the year after but lost to Bradford Bulls 37–4 which is still the biggest winning margin in a Super League Grand Final. That year Andy Farrell also set a new club record for points in a season with 429.

In 2001 Endacott was sacked. In 2002 Wigan won their 17th Challenge Cup when they beat St Helens 21–12 at Murrayfield Stadium, 8 years after previously lifting the cup.

He was replaced by assistant coach Mike Gregory and the team improved and reached the Grand Final only to lose to Bradford Bulls 25–12. In 2004 Gregory guided Wigan to the Challenge Cup final at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff but Wigan lost to St Helens 32–16. It was Mike Gregory's last match as head coach of Wigan, he travelled to the United States of America to get treatment for an illness that he contracted after an insect bite while in Australia.
It was revealed that Mike had motor neurone disease and he did not return as Wigan coach. Denis Betts took over as Wigan Head Coach before being replaced by Ian Millward.

2006 was a tough year for Wigan and Ian Millward was replaced by Brian Noble early in the season. The club finished in 8th position just outside the play-offs.

In 2007 and 2009 Wigan made the Challenge Cup Semi-Finals but were defeated on both occasions.

Wigan ended the decade by finishing Suoer League in 6th position in 2007, 4th in 2008 and 6th in 2009.

2007, 2008 and 2009 saw Wigan reach the Final Eliminator in the play-offs in each of those seasons but were beaten in those games which meant they did not make the Grand Final.

Brian Noble's tenure as Wigan Head Coach came to an end at the close of the 2009 Super League Season. Michael Maguire was appointed as the new Head Coach ahead of the 2010 season.

Wigan started the new season with a 38 to 6 win over the Crusaders. Wigan won their opening 4 games to take them to the top of the Super League table. Wigan remained top of the league throughout the season.

During 2010 the Wigan club won 3 pieces of silverware. The Carnegie 9s, the League Leaders Shield and the Super League Grand Final. This was the club's first Grand Final win for twelve year beating St Helens 22–10.

The club also swept the boards at the annual Man of Steel Award, with Sam Tomkins winning young player of the year, Micharl Maguire won the coach of the year award, Pat Richards won the Man of Steel award and the club won the club of the year award. On 6 August 2011, Wigan made it to the Challenge Cup final after beating St. Helens 18–12.

On 27 August 2011, Wigan won the Challenge Cup final against Leeds at Wembley Stadium.
The final score was Wigan 28–18 Leeds. The match was the first visit to Wembley for Wigan in 13 years.

Michael Maguire left to return to Australia and Shaun Wane, the former Wigan forward was given the role of first team coach for the 2012 season. Wigan won the League Leaders Shield in his first season. In 2013, Wigan did the League and Cup Double. Firstly by winning the Challenge Cup Final in beating Hull 16–0 at Wembley. This saw Wigan extend their record to 30 Challenge Cup Finals, winning 19 of them.
Wane then guided the team to the Grand Final by defeating Warrington 30–16 in the Super League Grand Final at Old Trafford. After Grand Final losses to St Helens in 2014 and Leeds Rhinos in 2015, Wigan reached the Grand Final again in 2016 despite injury problems ruling out several star players throughout the season. Wigan defeated the Warrington Wolves 12–6 in a hard-fought rematch of their 2013 contest to win their fourth Super League championship.

Wigan became World Champions for a record fourth time in 2017 as they defeated NRL champions Cronulla Sharks 22–6. Wigan lost at Wembley to Hull FC extending the club's record to 31 Challenge Cup Final appearances.

2018 was a bright year for Wigan. The year began with a trip to Australia in week 2 to play Hull F.C. in the first-ever Super League game to be played outside of Europe. Wigan were victorious at St George-Illawarra Dragons WIN Stadium, defeating Hull FC 24–10.

The Super 8s stage of the season, Wigan won an unprecedented 7 out of 7 matches including revenge for the Good Friday defeat by soundly beating arch rivals St Helens 30–10 at the Totally Wicked Stadium. Wigan and Warrington contested the 2018 Grand Final which was the third time the clubs had met in the Grand Final in six seasons. Wigan prevailing 12–4 on the night. This was the club's fifth Grand Final win taking the overall total of League Championships the club has won to 22. In the 2019 Super League season, Wigan finished second on the table. They reached the semi-final stage of the competition but suffered a shock defeat against Salford 28-4 at the DW Stadium.

In the 2020 Super League season, Wigan won the League Leaders Shield and reached the 2020 Super League Grand Final against St Helens. In the final, Wigan and St Helens were tied at 4-4 with only ten seconds remaining in the match before St Helens player Jack Welsby scored a dramatic late try to win the match 8-4.

In the 2021 Super League season, Wigan endured a difficult campaign finishing in 4th place on the table.  Throughout the year, the club suffered a five-game losing streak and were also kept scoreless at home by Leeds for the first time in the Super League era.  Towards the end of the season, head coach Adrian Lam announced he would depart the club.  In the elimination playoff against Leeds, Wigan were kept scoreless at home again losing 8-0 which also ended their season.
On 28 May 2022, Wigan won the Challenge Cup for the 20th time defeating Huddersfield 16-14 at the Tottenham Hotspur Stadium.
Wigan finished the 2022 Super League season in second place on the table and were favourites to reach the grand final. However the club would suffer a shock 20-8 loss to Leeds in the semi-final which denied them a place in the decider.

Colours
The Wigan team first played in cherry and white jerseys on 19 September 1885 in a match against Bury. The club did not settle on the colours until 22 December 1888 when after this time there is no mention of Wigan deviating from these colours as the primary colours. It is known that the team did wear a variety of different coloured jerseys at different times before 19 September 1885 and in-between that date and 22 December 1888. These included;  black jerseys with white shorts and black socks, white jerseys and a chocolate & coral hooped jersey with black socks. The white Maltese cross was added to the club's jerseys for the start of the 1884–85 season but how long this remained as a feature on the jersey is unknown. The white jerseys were worn on several occasions during the 1885 season and were also worn at least once during 1887. The chocolate and coral hooped jerseys were worn during the 1886–1887 season with black socks however the colour of the shorts which were worn is unknown. It is also unknown how many times Wigan turned out in the chocolate and coral jersey that year. The colours cherry and white are the most synonymous with the club. The home kits have mostly consisted of the colours cherry and white since 1888 in different variations, usually hoops, but not always.

Club Crest

Wigan have used a variation of the Coat of Arms (which was granted to the Borough of Wigan on 8 April 1922) as the club crest for a large part of the club's history. The club first used the crest on the playing jerseys for the 1948 Challenge Cup Final against Bradford. The crest appeared on the jersey in other future cup finals but wouldn't become a permanent feature on the playing jerseys until 1984.

Below are further details on the Club Crest:

Excerpts from an Article, by Mr. Arthur J. Hawkes, Chief Librarian.

POSSESSING a series of town seals from the twelfth century onwards, Wigan, at the opening of the twentieth century still remained without "ensigns proper to its order."

WIGAN is not only the oldest borough in Lancashire, it is one of the oldest in England - certainly among the first ten. Town liberties or borough rights existed in England in Anglo-Saxon times, several centuries before the Norman Conquest. Places like London, York, Winchester, Norwich, etc., are known from records to have exercised these privileges, and it may properly be inferred that Wigan also enjoyed them. Finally we have the report of the Norry King of Arms in 1613 that "the towne and bourrough of Wiggin was antiently Incorporated by the most noble Kinge, Kinge Hen, the first in the first yeare of his raygne" (i.e., 1100) - a certified copy of which document is now in the Public Library. Under William the Conqueror, the borough privileges were restricted, but on the accession of Henry I they were largely restored by virtue of his great coronation charter of liberties. The liberties of individual towns were restored or confirmed by special charter, some of which are extant. If we can rely upon the report of the Herald in 1613, Wigan was one of the first boroughs to be so restored. Following this we have a long series of royal charters, mostly still extant, some containing special marks of royal favour, which charters will be detailed in the next number.

MR. J. Paul Rylands describes the coat above as "perhaps the very best of all Lancashire town arms, for it might, heraldically, belong to the Middle Ages, and is indeed symbolic of antiquity and loyalty." It is certainly a very privileged coat of arms, as few if any coats bear so many symbols of royal favour. - indeed, the incorporation of royal insignia into armorial bearings is jealously guarded and usually proscribed by the court officials. In Wigan's new grant there are (1) A King's Head, crowned, (2) the Royal "Leopard" (or "lion couchant guardant"), (3) a Mediaeval royal crown, and (4) the Supporting Lions. The King's head in the crest officially represents no particular king, in the words of the Rouge Croix herald (in whose hands the design took shape) it is intended "to be a conventional likeness to an early English Monarch." It is actually modelled on the portrait of King Edward III., but from the point of view of the town it symbolizes especially King Henry I. On Wigan's earliest town seal - probably the twelfth century - there appears to be a towered or castellated gateway over the centre of which is depicted what seems to be the crowned head of Henry I. These devices therefore, are taken as the chief symbols of the new bearings, the towered gateway becomes a Norman castle and the King's head becomes a crest - indicating Wigan as a town of consequence and royal patronage at the opening of the twelfth century. The royal lion, again, marks another important period in Wigan history. Edward III., by a charter of 1350, granted Wigan the right (with several other towns) to use a royal seal known as the "King's Recognisance Seal," on which was figured the King's head and the royal lion. The Somerset Herald expressed the opinion that as none of the other towns had made use of the King's permission by adopting the figures in their arms, Wigan could with propriety include them, and his view prevailed with the Chapter of Heralds.

SUPPORTERS are nowadays usually granted only to the great cities, but Wigan's ancient importance has been thereby recognised, the lions giving the distinction to a highly dignified and privileged coat of arms. There is a final feature of unusual interest. The branches of the mountain ash held in the lion's paws add something to the conventional "mantling" or flowered scrolls which usually ornament armorial bearings. The design of the floriation is usually a matter for the artist and without heraldic significance. But in the case of Wigan's arms, the mountain ash, known in the northern dialects as the Wiggin or Wigan Tree, forms a "rebus" or pun on the name of the town, and has the advantage of giving further symbolism to an already significant coat. The rebus has tradition behind it, for the Wiggin Tree is a conspicuous feature of several of the town's mediaeval seals.

The motto adopted "Ancient and Loyal" is in keeping with the arms. For a great many years Wigan has on all occasions, official and unofficial, invariably referred to itself as the "Ancient and Loyal Borough," but few are aware that authority for its use can be found in the Charter of Charles II. - the governing charter of the town down to the Municipal Corporations Act of 1835. In that Charter Wigan is designated by the King "an ancient borough" and granted a "special token of our favour for its loyalty to us," so that nothing could be more fitting than its adoption as the town's motto.

On 1 November 2020, the club changed its crest to a new design. The club drew inspiration for the Warrior design element of the badge from the Brigantes who were Celtic Britons and controlled a large part of Northern England, including Wigan, in pre-Roman times. The name Brigantes became synonymous with the most fervent elements of the club's support base dating back to the early 2010s.

The Shield element of the new logo is taken from the original club crest as is the Ancient & Loyal motto with the circular shape of the badge emulating the shape of the Northern Soul logo. Wigan had a vibrant Northern Soul scene back in the 1960s when the Northern Soul music and dance movement first emerged.
The background features the club's famous Cherry and White hoops which interestingly is incorporated into the club crest for the first time.
The date of the club's foundation is also included on the club badge for the first time.

Kit manufacturers and sponsors

Current kit
The current kit is made by Hummel. The main shirt sponsor is Open Exchange and their logo appears on the front of the home and away jerseys.

Teams
As well as the men's team the club for 2022 also encompasses 10 other teams:
Reserves
Academy (under 18s)
Scholarship (under 16s)
College development squad (men and women aged 16–18)
Wigan Warriors Women
Women's academy (under 19s)
Physical disability
Learning disability
Wheelchair
Touch Rugby

Stadiums

Pre–1902
Wigan Football Club played on Folly Field, Upper Dicconson Street. The club played its first match at Folly Field on 30 November 1872 and remained at the ground for four years. Wigan Football Club went on to become Wigan & District Football Club, the newly named Wigan & District Football Club played its matches at Prescott Street (The West End Grounds). The club played at Prescott Street until the club disbanded. With the re-formation of the club as Wigan Wasps Football Club, the club returned to Folly Field from 1879 to 1886 when it moved its matches back to Prescott Street.

Wigan played their home games at Wigan Cricket Club on Prescott Street until 1901 when they moved to Springfield Park which they shared with the town's association soccer club Wigan United A.F.C. The first rugby match at Springfield Park was played on 14 September 1901 and was between Wigan and Morecambe in front of 4,000 spectators. The record rugby attendance for the ground was 10,000 achieved on 19 March 1902 when Wigan beat Widnes. Forty days later Wigan played their last game at Springfield Park when they defeated the Rest of Lancashire Senior Competition.

1902–1999: Central Park

In 1902 Wigan moved to their purpose-built rugby ground called Central Park. Wigan played their first game at Central Park against Batley on 6 September 1902, which Wigan won 14–8. The area was originally farm land called Central Field, with a row of houses already built along both north and south ends of the land (Hilton St and Colin St). By the end of the 1990s, the area had begun to suffer from its location next to the River Douglas as well as disused coal mines directly underneath, resulting in occasional drainage problems which affected the pitch.

Central Park would be the home of Wigan Rugby League until 1999, when they moved to the newly built JJB Stadium. The last match at Central Park was against St Helens on 5 September 1999, a game which Wigan won 28–20 in front of 18,179 supporters. As Wigan developed into one of the most famous rugby league clubs in the world, Central Park also became one of the most famous grounds.

Wigan won the 1987 World Club Challenge match against 1987 Sydney (New South Wales Rugby League) Premiers Manly-Warringah at Central Park played on 7 October. The try-less game, won 8–2, was played in front of a reported crowd of 36,895, though many of those in attendance believed the attendance was actually closer to 50,000.

The record attendance for a game at Central Park was 47,747 set on 27 March 1959 against St Helens.

1999–present: DW Stadium

Towards the end of the 2000 season the Wigan Warriors moved to the newly built DW Stadium which they currently share with the Wigan football club Wigan Athletic. The stadium is owned by the football club who gave Warriors a 50-year lease on the Stadium. Warriors first game at the then JJB Stadium was a Super League play-off match against the Castleford Tigers which Wigan lost 14–10.

Wigan used to have a state-of-the-art training facility at the small stadium Edge Hall Road in Orrell (now named the Co-Operative Community Stadium) where the first team, reserve team & academy team prepared, trained and rehabilitated ahead of and after matches. It is also where the Reserve & Academy sides used to play their home games.

Recently this site has been sold for development after the Warriors moved all team operations to the newly renovated Robin Park Arena next door to the DW Stadium in a deal with Wigan Council. A multi-million pound regeneration has turned this into one of the best training facilities inside of rugby league, whilst also maintaining world class facilities for other local sporting clubs and the general public to use also.

DW Stadium has an official capacity of 25,133.  The Warriors record attendance at DW is 25,004 set against St Helens on 25 March 2005.

2023 squad

2023 transfers

Gains

Losses

Former players

Team of the Decade
In 2005 during the tenth season of the current Super League championship format, the fans of Wigan RLFC voted for their best thirteen players of the 'Nineties' and the 'Noughties', called the Team of the Decade. This is a list of the ballot's resulting thirteen players.

Hall of Fame

The club also has its own Hall of Fame for players the club recognises as having made a significant contribution to its success, especially during the late 1980s, and early 1990s when the club entered the most successful period in its history trophy-wise. There are currently ten members of the Wigan RLFC Hall of Fame.

Coaches

Current coaching staff

Matt Peet is the current head coach for the 2022 season, with Lee Briers and former Wigan captain Sean O'Loughlin as his assistant coaches.

Coaching history

Note  *only Championship, Challenge Cup and World Club Challenge honours shown.

Seasons

Honours

League
First Division / Super League:
Winners (22): 1908–09, 1921–22, 1925–26, 1933–34, 1945–46, 1946–47, 1949–50, 1951–52, 1959–60, 1986–87, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1998, 2010, 2013, 2016, 2018
Runners up (17): 1909–10, 1910–11, 1911–12, 1912–13, 1923–24, 1963–64, 1970–71, 1974–75, 1985–86, 1988–89, 1996, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2014, 2015, 2020
League Leaders' Shield:
Winners (5): 1998, 2000, 2010, 2012, 2020
League Leader's Trophy:
Winners (1): 1970-71
Premiership
Winners (6): 1986–87, 1991–92, 1993–94, 1994–95, 1996, 1997.
Runners-Up (1): 1992–93
War Emergency League
Winners (1): 1943–44.
Second Division / Championship:
Runners up (1): 1980-81
Lancashire League
Winners (18): 1901–02, 1908–09, 1910–11, 1911–12, 1912–13, 1913–14, 1914–15, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1925–26, 1945–46, 1946–47, 1949–50, 1951–52, 1958–59, 1961–62, 1969–70.
Lancashire War League
Winners (1): 1940–41.

Domestic Cup(s)
Challenge Cup
Winners (20): 1923–24, 1928–29, 1947–48, 1950–51, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1964–65, 1984–85, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1994–95, 2002, 2011, 2013, 2022.
Runners-Up (12): 1910–11, 1919–20, 1943–44, 1945–46, 1960–61, 1962–63, 1965–66, 1969–70, 1983–84, 1998, 2004, 2017.
Lancashire Cup
Winners (21): 1905–06, 1908–09, 1909–10, 1912–13, 1922–23, 1928–29, 1938–39, 1946–47, 1947–48, 1948–49, 1949–50, 1950–51, 1951–52, 1966–67, 1971–72, 1973–74, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1992–93.
Runners-Up (14): 1913–14, 1914–15, 1925–26, 1927–28, 1930–31, 1934–35, 1935–36, 1936–37, 1945–46, 1953–54, 1957–58, 1977–78, 1980–81, 1984–85.
League Cup
Winners (8): 1982–83, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1992–93, 1994–95, 1995–96.
Runners-Up (1): 1993–94.
Charity Shield
Winners (4): 1985–86, 1987–88, 1991–92, 1995–96.
Runners-Up (4): 1988–89, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1992–93.
BBC2 Floodlit Trophy
Winners (1): 1968–69.
Runners-Up (1): 1969–70.

International Cup(s)
World Club Challenge
Winners (4): 1987, 1991, 1994, 2017.
Runners-Up (4): 1992, 2011, 2014, 2019.

Short Form Cups
World 7s
Winners (1): 1991–92.
Middlesex 7s
Winners (1): 1996
Carnegie Floodlit 9s
Winners (1): 2010.

Pre-Northern Union
Wigan Charity Cup
Winners (6): 1883, 1885, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891
Runners-Up (1): 1886
 West Lancashire and Border Towns Cup
Winners (2): 1889, 1890
Runners-Up (1): 1887

Team
 BBC Sports Team of the Year: 1994.

Club records

Individual
Most goals in a match: 22 by Jim Sullivan vs Flimby & Fothergill, 14 February 1925
Most tries in a match: 10 by:
Martin Offiah vs Leeds, 10 May 1992
Shaun Edwards vs Swinton, 29 September 1992
Most points in a match: 44 by Jim Sullivan vs Flimby & Fothergill, 14 February 1925
Most goals in a season: 186 by Frano Botica, 1994–95
Most tries in a season: 62 by Johnny Ring, 1925–26
Most tries in a Super League regular season: 31 by Josh Charnley, 2012
Most points in a season: 462 by Pat Richards 2010
Most career goals: 2,317 by Jim Sullivan
Most career tries: 478 by Billy Boston
Most career points: 4,883 by Jim Sullivan
Most career appearances: 774 by Jim Sullivan
Most International Test caps: 36 by Shaun Edwards (Great Britain)
Most decorated player: Shaun Edwards; 8 Championships, 9 Challenge Cups, 3 World Club Challenges.

Team
Biggest victory (All Time): 116–0 vs Flimby & Fothergill, 14 February 1925
Biggest victory (Super League Era): 84–6 vs Hull Kingston Rovers, 1 April 2013 & 84–6 vs Bradford Bulls, 21 April 2014.
Highest attendance (Central Park): 47,747 vs St. Helens, 27 March 1959
Highest attendance (DW Stadium): 25,004 (Good Friday 2005 vs St Helens)
Highest attendance (all-time): 99,801 vs Hull FC, 4 May 1985 (1985 Challenge Cup Final) at Wembley Stadium
Highest attendance vs an international touring team: 30,622 vs Australia, 12 October 1986 (1986 Kangaroo Tour)
Heaviest Defeat (Super League): 0–70 vs Leeds Rhinos, 18 June 2005
Heaviest Defeat (Challenge Cup): 0–75 vs St Helens, 26 June 2005

Supporters
Wigan is one of the most well supported British rugby league clubs. During the 2006 season, in which the team was struggling to avoid relegation, the attendances were increasing as fans came to support the club and offer vocal support, many of whom may have not attended on a regular basis previously.

The club averaged 16,016 per home game in 2007. In 2010 Wigan were officially the best supported club in Super League with a higher average attendance than nearest rivals Leeds Rhinos. The club have now been confirmed as the best supported club for the last three seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012.

As a gesture of thanks, the 2008 season saw the Wigan fans have the squad number 18 dedicated to them, a practice which has since continued each season. Joe Lydon commented "This is a new practice for clubs who recognise the extra special support which loyal fans can provide to their team in both good and bad times. It is particularly apt for Wigan fans".

From early 2008, the Wigan fans have often chanted to the tune of The Entertainer. One of the beginning lines of this particular chant is "We're the Greatest Club in the World".

The fans have their own supporters club, The Riversiders, who meet monthly and often have special guests at the meetings including past and present players, coaching staff and members of the Rugby Football League.

In 2010 some supporters set up a group to improve the atmosphere at both home and away games, known as the Wigan Brigantes, Brigantes being the name of the tribe that inhabited this and other large parts of northern England before and during the Roman era. The group started by erecting flags across the South Stand gantry at the DW Stadium, beginning with 12 at the start of the 2010 season and grew steadily from there. The group's banner had the phrase "Long After Tonight Is All Over" as a nod to the Jimmy Radcliffe song that was a staple of the Wigan Casino club during the Northern Soul era, and to show their rivals that their support would continue well after the final whistle had sounded. This was particularly true of some of Wigan's away games during the 2011 season where their fans often stayed well over half an hour after the final hooter singing to the tune of "Dale Cavese".

There is also a regular fans' forum meeting with chairman Ian Lenagan and the current head coach to discuss the latest issues concerning the club and the work that is being done behind the scenes. So far every meeting has been a sell out.

Wigan's fans and Wigan people in general are known as 'pie eaters' or 'pies' which is reference to the 1926 General Strike, when Wigan miners were forced to eat 'humble pie' and return to work before miners in other towns, even though they had been on strike before the other towns joined in. Since then the word 'pie' has come to mean the pastry rather than the metaphor 'Humble Pie'.

Supporter clubs
Riversiders
Brigantes

Notable fans

Millie Bobby Brown, actress best known for her role in the TV series Stranger Things
Kenny Stills, American footballer for Houston Texans
Michel Roux Jr, celebrity chef
Rio Ferdinand, former Manchester United defender and England captain.
Steven Gerrard, former Liverpool F.C. captain and England footballer
Robbie Fowler, former Liverpool F.C. player
Anthony Crolla, British former professional boxer.
Owen Farrell, Professional Rugby Union Player for Saracens Football Club and the England national rugby union team
Andy Farrell, former Wigan Warriors and Saracens Football Club player. Now the Head coach of the Ireland national rugby union team
Danny Jones, One of the lead vocalists and the lead guitarist for pop-rock band McFly. Also a judge on the Voice UK.
Johnny Nelson, Former boxing world champion.
Sandor Earl, current Rugby League Player in the NRL for Melbourne Storm
Vernon Kay, is an English television presenter, radio DJ and former model
Scott Quinnell, Welsh former rugby union and rugby league player.
Caitlin Foord, Professional Women's footballer for Arsenal and Australia.
Aaron Willis, Candidate on the Apprentice 2022.
Elle Mulvaney, actress in Coronation Street.
Molly McCann-Pearson, Professional UFC fighter.
Joe Gormley, President of the National Union of Mineworkers 1971–82.
Will Greenwood MBE, former Rugby Union international
Andrew Flintoff, former England cricketer
Kym Marsh, former popstar and now Coronation Street actress.
Sir Bradley Wiggins, Tour de France winner and Olympic gold medalist
Kay Burley,  Sky News presenter
Tony Adams,  former Arsenal and England football club captain
Lee Westwood,  golfer
Ryan Giggs,  former Manchester United footballer and current Wales manager
Alex Ferguson, former Manchester United football manager
Wayne Mardle,  PDC darts player
Ian Botham, former England cricketer
Robbie Savage,  former footballer
Stephen Parry, Olympic bronze medallist
Danny Sculthorpe, former professional rugby league footballer.
John Amaechi former NBA basketball player
Steffon Armitage,  England and Toulon rugby player
Michael Carrick, Manchester United football club player
Catherine Tyldesley, Coronation street actress
Marilyn Okoro, Olympic bronze medalist, runner
Mike Grundy, commonwealth games medalist, UFC fighter
Cieren Fallon, professional jockey
Siobhan Chamberlain, former Manchester United, and England Goalkeeper
Martin Offiah, former rugby league footballer
Chris Ashton, Rugby Union player for Sale Sharks
Tommy Fleetwood, golfer
Jenny Meadows, 800m world and European Medalist.
Lisa Nandy Wigan Labour MP
Geoffrey Moorhouse, writer
Evander Holyfield, former world boxing champion and Olympic medalist confessed to being a fan after contacting the club via Twitter, originally a mistake.
Gemma Bonner, former Liverpool ladies football player, now playing for Racing Louisville FC.
Jason Robinson, former rugby league and rugby union player.
Mike Hall, ITV news sports reporter.
David Sharpe, Wigan Athletic chairman.
Roy Keane, Former Manchester United and Ireland international football player.
Dave Whelan, ex owner of Wigan Athletic.
Jenny "The Vixen" Warren, - chaser on The Chase

Rivalries

St Helens

The club's strongest and fiercest rivalry is with St Helens. Matches, between the two teams are played traditionally on Good Friday and in previous seasons on Boxing Day. The clubs are often described as archenemies such is the history of the rivalry. The matches between the two clubs are said to have bragging rights at stake and banter between the fans of both clubs is commonplace. The rivalry is so fierce that matches between the two teams are one of only two sporting events to officially be given the title of The Derby.

Leigh Leopards
The Leigh Leopards are traditional rivals of the club and similarly matches between the two clubs are local derbies. The rivalry between these two clubs however has been muted due to the fact that the two clubs compete in different competitions and therefore do not play each other regularly (during the Super League era, Wigan and Leigh have only been together in Super League for three seasons, in 2005, 2017 & 2021).

Warrington Wolves

The club has forged a more recent fierce rivalry with the Warrington Wolves following a resurgence in the club's success and Warrington's emergence as one of the most competitive teams in the Super League.

Leeds Rhinos

A more notable rivalry is one with the Leeds Rhinos because when the 2 teams meet there is usually something at stake as the two teams are labelled as super league giants and have met 11 times in Super League playoffs, Wigan edging that head-to-head record 6–5; plus both teams have played each other in Challenge Cup finals, semifinals & quarterfinals and it is always fiercely competitive when they meet. Leeds and Wigan dominated Super League from the late 2000s and through the 2010s, with either Leeds or Wigan winning Super League every year, aside from 2014, between 2007 and 2018 (strangely enough during this period, Wigan and Leeds have only met in the Grand Final once, in 2015).

In the community
Wigan confirmed via the official website that they had been granted charitable status on Wednesday 29 April 2009 via the "charitable arm" of the club the Wigan Warriors Community Foundation. Wigan Warriors carry out extensive community work that stretches from Amateur Rugby League Football clubs to Schools as well as running highly successful community training camps for young people. A part of the community work is visiting primary schools to deliver a programme specifically designed for young people entitled 'Lessons for Life'. The programme is delivered via a geographic family of schools approach and results in each school receiving two hours of Rugby League coaching per week for a six-week period. Additionally every school is offered the opportunity to start an extra curricular club and take part in a "Warriors Tag Festival". The club will now be able to deliver an even more extensive community programme via the Wigan Warriors Community Foundation.

Wigan became the first club in the country to receive Sport England's Clubmark Gold Award. The Gold award, only available from 1 April 2009, shows the clubs commitment to Duty of Care and Child Protection, Coaching and Competition, Sports Equity and Ethics and Club Management. The Gold award not only meets the minimum standards in all areas, but surpasses them and meets additional criteria too.

Combined with education provider ProCo, Wigan have established a work based learning academy in the town to provide opportunities to young people whilst also providing a permanent base for its scholarship and academy squads. The Work Academy has been given the name "Central Park" in reference to Wigan's former home and also makes reference to the education provider.

See also
 History of Wigan Warriors
 List of Wigan Warriors seasons
 List of Wigan Warriors players
 List of Wigan Warriors internationals
 Wigan Hall of Fame

Notes

References

External links

 Official site

Rugby clubs established in 1872
Super League teams
1872 establishments in England
Founder members of the Northern Rugby Football Union
Rugby league teams in Greater Manchester
Sport in Wigan
English rugby league teams


text:
Philip Baker Hall () a fost un  american.

Hall este cunoscut pentru colaborările sale cu Paul Thomas Anderson, fiind prezent în filmele  (1996),  (1997) și  (1999). A avut roluri principale în filme precum  (1984) și  (2005) și avut roluri secundare lungmetraje precum  (1989), The Truman Show (1998), The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), The Insider (1999),  (2000),  (2000). ), Bruce Almighty (2003), Dogville (2003), Zodiac (2007),  (2011) și Argo (2012). A primit o nominalizare la  la categoria  pentru rolul din Hard Eight și două nominalizări la Screen Actors Guild Award la categoria  pentru Jurnalul unei vedete de film porno și Magnolia.

Hall este cunoscut și activitățile sale în televiziune. Primele sale roluri au fost în  serialele M*A*S*H, Verdict crimă și Cheers Unul dintre cele mai cunoscute roluri ale sale a fost cel al personajului Joe Bookman în Seinfeld. A avut roluri episodice în , Viața la Casa Albă, , O familie modernă și .

Biografie
Hall s-a născut în Toledo, Ohio. Mama sa a fost Alice Birdene (născută McDonald), iar tatăl său, William Alexander Hall, era muncitor dintr-o fabrică din Montgomery, Alabama. A urmat cursurile .  A fost traducător al Armatei Statelor Unite în Germania în timpul serviciului militar și profesor de liceu.

Cariera
După debutul său în film , a devenit membru al . Primul său rol de televiziune a fost într-un episod din . A avut un rol episodic în M*A*S*H și Omul din Atlantis. A avut peste 200 de roluri episodice începând din 1977. Acesta l-a jucat pe Richard Nixon în filmul Secret Honor și și-a reluat rolul în piesa de teatru Off-Broadway. Criticul de film Roger Ebert a declarat despre Hall și film: "Nixon este interpretat de Philip Baker Hall, un actor necunoscut, cu o intensitate atât de puternică, de pasională, de veninoasă, de scandaloasă, încât nu-l putem ignora. Hall seamănă puțin cu adevăratul Nixon; i-ar putea fi văr, iar vocile le sunt asemănătoare." Vincent Canby, critic de film al The New York Times, a spus despre Hall: "Interpretarea imensă a domnului Hall este la fel de uluitoare și riscantă [...] precum cea a câștigătorului de Oscar F. Murray Abraham din Amadeus".

În anii 1980, Hall a primit roluri secundare în lungmetrajele  (1986), Midnight Run (1988), Spune orice... și Ghostbusters II (ambele în 1989). L-a interpretat pe Lt. Joe Bookman, un detectiv însărcinat cu recuperarea unei cărți împrumutate de Jerry Seinfeld de la  biblioteca orașului, în episoadele "" și "" ale serialului Seinfeld. Acest rol a fost aclamat de public, fiind considerat unul dintre cele mai bune personaje episodice ale serialului.

Hall a apărut în scurtmetrajul lui Paul Thomas Anderson  , care a devenit ulterior lungmetrajul Hard Eight (1996). Hall a interpretat rolul unui parior senior devenit mentor pentru un bărbat fără adăpost (John C. Reilly). Criticul de film Roger Ebert a lăudat din nou interpretarea sa. Hall a fost nominalizat la Independent Spirit Award la categoria cel mai bun actor într-un rol principal. Mai târziu, a jucat în filmele Jurnalul unei vedete de film porno (1997) și Magnolia (1999). A fost nominalizat la două premii Screen Actors Guild la categoria Interpretarea remarcabilă a unei distribuții într-un lungmetraj. Hall a jucat alături de Philip Seymour Hoffman în patru filme.

Hall a avut roluri în diverse filme în anii 1990 - printre care The Rock, The Truman Show, The Talented Mr. Ripley și The Insider - și în anii 2000 -  Dogville, Zodiac și Argo. A interpretat rolul căpitanului Diel în trilogia Ora de vârf (deși scenele sale au fost eliminate din Ora de vârf 2 și nu a fost creditat pentru scena din Ora de vârf 3). Hall a avut roluri importante în Bruce Almighty, , , , , , 50/50, și .

Hall a jucat în sitcomul . A avut un rol episodic în serialul animat . A jucat rolul unui medic în Larry David, inamicul public nr. 1 și a apărut în O familie modernă,  și într-o reclamă la . Pentru scurtmetrajul , Hall a câștigat un premiu la categoria cel mai bun actor în cadrul Los Angeles Short Festival și la Filmets Badalona Film Festival din Barcelona.

Hall a lucrat în teatru atât în New York, cât și Los Angeles, dar nu a apărut pe Broadway.

Viața personală și moartea
Hall a avut două fiice, Patricia și Darcy, cu prima sa soție, Mary-Ella Holst. A doua căsătorie a fost cu Holly Wolfle; cei doi au avut două fiice, Adella și Anna. De asemenea, a avut patru nepoți și un frate.

Hall a murit de emfizem la casa sa din Glendale, California pe 12 iunie 2022.

Filmografie

Filme

Seriale

Note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1931
Decese în 2022
Actori americani din secolul al XX-lea
Actori americani de film
Actori americani de televiziune
Actori americani de teatru
Nașteri pe 10 septembrie
Decese pe 12 iunie
Actori din statul Ohio
Decese cauzate de boli pulmonare

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
El Día Grande de Jujuy o  Batalla de León fue una acción guerrera llevada a cabo por habitantes de la Provincia de Jujuy, en la actual República Argentina, durante la Guerra de Independencia de la Argentina, contra los realistas fieles al rey de España.

Corría el año 1821 y la actual Provincia de Jujuy estaba envuelta en conflictos internos, situación que los realistas aprovecharon para intentar establecer dominio sobre el Norte argentino, invadiendo el territorio por la Quebrada de Humahuaca al mando del brigadier Pedro Antonio Olañeta con 2.500 soldados. La vanguardia realista continuó la marcha bajo el mando del coronel Guillermo Marquiegui, llegando a la ciudad de San Salvador de Jujuy y permaneciendo sólo tres días en ella, puesto que la abierta hostilidad de sus habitantes los hizo temer ser cercados, por lo que decidieron retroceder hasta la margen del río León, a la espera de Olañeta y sus hombres.

Ante esta situación y viendo la indecisión del gobierno de Salta para el envío de tropas, los patriotas jujeños decidieron por propia iniciativa reunir sus fuerzas, juntándose los gauchos de Perico, Los Alisos, El Carmen y Palpalá, llegando escasamente a los seiscientos hombres. El coronel José Ignacio Gorriti fue designado jefe de la partida, estableciendo su campamento a orillas del río Yala.

En la madrugada del 27 de abril cayeron sorpresivamente sobre el enemigo. El encarnizado combate duró más de un día, dando como resultado la completa victoria de las tropas jujeñas, que tomaron prisioneros y obtuvieron cabalgaduras y armas.

Enterado de este desastre, Olañeta intentó recuperar lo perdido, pero Gorriti le ordenó retirarse bajo la amenaza formal de fusilar a los jefes y oficiales tomados prisioneros.

Esta acción guerrera mereció el título de "Día Grande de Jujuy", debido a que los hombres jujeños, impulsados por el amor a la libertad e independencia de la Patria, llevaron a cabo una empresa que, por las circunstancias del momento, los mostraba en manifiesta inferioridad de condiciones, haciendo del 27 de abril la verdadera y Magna Fiesta Cívica de los jujeños.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 "El Día Grande de Jujuy", en NuestroJujuy.com.ar: https://web.archive.org/web/20090413225721/http://nuestrojujuy.com.ar/diagrandedejujuy.html

Batallas de la guerra de la Independencia argentina
Batallas y combates en la provincia de Jujuy
Departamento Doctor Manuel Belgrano


text:
Le gouvernement Fanfani I () est le gouvernement de la République italienne dirigé par Amintore Fanfani entre le  et le , durant la  législature du Parlement.

Historique

Composition
Composition du gouvernement :
Démocratie chrétienne

Président du conseil des ministres
 Amintore Fanfani

Listes des ministres

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Amintore Fanfani
 IIe législature de la République italienne

Fanfani I
1954 en Italie


text:
Hrabstwo Gallatin – hrabstwo w USA, w stanie Kentucky. Według danych z 2010 roku, hrabstwo zamieszkiwało 8589 osób. Siedzibą hrabstwa jest Warsaw.

Miasta
 Sparta
 Glencoe
 Warsaw

Przypisy

Gallatin


text:
Lower Moor is a village between Wyre Piddle and Fladbury in the district of Wychavon in Worcestershire, England.

Villages in Worcestershire


text:
Questa voce raccoglie le informazioni riguardanti il Football Club Lausanne-Sport nelle competizioni ufficiali della stagione 2014-2015.

Rosa
Fonte

Staff tecnico

Note

Collegamenti esterni

2014-2015


text:
Chacao – jedna z pięciu politycznych i administracyjnych dzielnic miasta Caracas, w Wenezueli. Pozostałe cztery to: Baruta, El Hatillo, Libertador i Sucre. Ten podmiot prawny jest znany jako Dystrykt Stołeczny Caracas. Chacao jest także jedną z 21 gmin, które tworzą stan Miranda w Wenezueli.

Według danych szacunkowych na rok 2010 liczy 112 594 mieszkańców.

Przypisy

Caracas


text:
Susa () was a steamer patrol boat owned by Persia. She was bought in 1884 from Germany along with Persepolis, together with whom formed the only two equipment in the navy as of 1904.

Construction and commissioning
Susa was built by German AG Weser at Bremen, on orders from Persian government. The shipbuilder assigned production number 76 to the vessel and launched it in 1884. She was acquired by Persia in 1885, having been delivered by German crew to her home in Khorramshahr.

See also

 Historical Iranian Navy vessels

References

1884 ships
Naval ships of Iran
Ships built in Bremen (state)
World War I naval ships
Steamboats
Military history of Qajar Iran


text:
Koninklijk o Koninklijke (pronounciado [ˌkɔnɪŋkləkə], español: Real, de la realeza) es un título honorífico otorgado a ciertas compañías y organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro en Bélgica y los Países Bajos por el Rey o la Reina de cada país. El primero en utilizarlo, en 1807, fue Luis Bonaparte, rey de los Países Bajos en ese momento, quien concedió el título a asociaciones culturales. Las compañías premiadas con el título de Koninklijk pueden escoger utilizar el título inglés Royal en su lugar.

En los Países Bajos

El monarca tiene el derecho de otorgar el título real a una compañía u organización.

Condiciones
Para ser merecedor del nombramiento, la compañía u organización debe reunir las siguientes condiciones:
 Tiene que ser líder en su campo de actuación.
 Debe tener importancia nacional.
 Debe tener al menos 100 años de antigüedad (en principio).
Otra norma es que el monarca concederá un solo título real por rama de negocio. Las corporaciones médicas o financieras están excluidas, así como las organizaciones con objetivos políticos o religiosos.

Petición
La petición de concesión del título debe ser efectuada desde el ayuntamiento de la sede de la organización que pretende obtener el título. El ayuntamiento envía la petición al comisionado de la reina en la provincia donde se encuentre la municipalidad. Este último lleva a cabo una investigación en profundidad sobre la organización peticionaria entre los ministerios y la cámara de comercio. El comisionado envía a continuación el archivo a la reina, quien tomará su decisión tras consultar a un consejo especial.

Una vez que la reina concede el título real, la compañía u organización se compromete a conservar con cuidado los documentos entregados (el decreto real, el diploma y el expediente).

La petición del título de Koninklijk debe realizarse en vísperas de algún aniversario especial de la organización (100 años, 125 años, etc.).

El título se entrega, en principio, por un periodo de 25 años. También se deberá renovar la petición del título en el caso de que la sociedad sea absorbida o si se fusiona con otra compañía.

Ejemplos
La mayoría de compañías holandesas cuyo nombre comienza por K son compañías Koninklijk (KPN, KLM) al igual que asociaciones como la Real Asociación de Fútbol de los Países Bajos (KNVB).

Royal Dutch Shell eligió utilizar el título inglés.

Los grupos Douwe Egberts, Philips, Grolsch y Ahold utilizan el término Koninklijk en su denominación oficial pero no en sus comunicaciones. Ahold, sin embargo, utiliza la corona real en su logotipo.

La compañía TNT utiliza la corona real sólo en los Países Bajos.

Edificios importantes como el teatro Schouwburg en La Haya o el palacio real de los Países Bajos también recibieron el Koninklijk.

Según la página de la fundación real, 550 compañías, organizaciones e instituciones ostentaban el título real en los Países Bajos en 2006. En 2007 se celebraron los 200 años de existencia de este reconocimiento con una serie de actos bajo el nombre de Royal Dutch 2007

En Bélgica
El Rey de los belgas puede otorgar el título a una compañía o asociación que haya existido en Bélgica al menos durante cincuenta años, aunque se hacen contadas excepciones en casos de gran importancia para la sociedad.

Véase también

 Decreto Real (Reino Unido)
 Listado de compañías con el título Koninklijk (Wikipedia en neerlandés)

Enlaces externos
 El título de "Royal" Página web de la Casa Real Neerlandesa. (en inglés)

Títulos
Palabras y frases en neerlandés


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The National Half Century Exposition and Lincoln Jubilee, was a festival from August 22 to September 16, 1915 held in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It celebrated the 50th anniversary of the emancipation of enslaved African Americans. Held at the Chicago Coliseum near Bronzeville the exhibition was also known as the National Half Century Anniversary Exposition and The Lincoln Jubilee: 50th Anniversary Celebration.

History
The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by United States president Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. A gathering was held in Chicago in 1911 and an event celebrating the 50th anniversary of emancipation was proposed. It was originally planned for 1913 as the "Illinois (National) Half-Century Anniversary of Negro Freedom".

Atlas Printing Co. published the official program. The Fraternal Press in Chicago published a history and report on the event including the history of its establishment and photos of organizers that is available online. The event's photographer, John H. Ballard, published a photo album covering the event in 1915. It includes a leaf of music at its back titled "Praise God we are not weary" with words by Tom Brown, music by Tom Lemonier, and arranged by J. Wm. Coleman. The album is viewable online.

The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History was established by a group of prominent attendees who met during the event. Four months later member Carter G. Woodson published the first issue of the Journal of Negro History.

Chicago businessman Anthony Overton participated and promoted his skin care products at the event. He launched his Half-Century Magazine  the following year.

The Library of Congress has a collection of Chicago Daily News photographs that includes images of the event.

Gallery

See also
 American Negro Exposition, the diamond jubilee of Emancipation

References

Slavery in the United States
African-American festivals
1915 festivals
1915 in Illinois
African-American history between emancipation and the civil rights movement
American Civil War anniversaries
African-American history in Chicago


text:
Açailândia – miasto i gmina w Brazylii leżące w stanie Maranhão. Gmina zajmuje powierzchnię 5806,439 km². Według danych szacunkowych w 2016 roku miasto liczyło 110 543 mieszkańców. Położone jest około 600 km na południowy zachód od stolicy stanu, miasta São Luís, oraz około 1400 km na północ od Brasílii, stolicy kraju.

W 2014 roku wśród mieszkańców gminy PKB per capita wynosił 16 929,09 reais brazylijskich.

Przypisy

Miasta w stanie Maranhão


text:
Ninnistham Ennishtam is a 1986 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by Alleppey Ashraf. The film stars Mohanlal, Priya, Sukumari and Jagathy Sreekumar . The film has musical score by Kannur Rajan. This is remake of Charlie Chaplin's movie City Lights. Alleppey Ashraf later directed a Tamil remake titled Neela Kuyil (1995), starring Pandiarajan.It was Mohanlal's 100th Film.

Cast

Mohanlal as Sreekuttan
Priya as Shalini / Chikku
Sukumari as Kakkathiyamma
Jagathy Sreekumar as Kurup
Mukesh as Ramakrishna Pillai
Sankaradi as doctor
Sreenivasan as Jithinlal-Madanlal
Kundara Johny as Achu
Kuthiravattam Pappu as Thirukkuthu Kumaran
Lalithasree
Mala Aravindan as Chakrapani
Poojappura Ravi
Thodupuzha Vasanthi
Kavara Sasankan
 JP Jayakumar as Cheruplasheri Krishnan Nair.

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Kannur Rajan and the lyrics were written by Mankombu Gopalakrishnan.

Sequel
A sequel to the film named Ninnishtam Ennishtam 2 directed by Alleppey Ashraf himself was released on
28 July 2011.

References

External links

1986 films
1980s Malayalam-language films
Indian drama films
Malayalam films remade in other languages
Films directed by Alleppey Ashraf
Films scored by Kannur Rajan
Ninnishtam1


text:
Siteworx, LLC is a digital consultancy. The agency is best known for its work with large companies such as Time Warner Cable, Citrix, and Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group.

Company history
Siteworx was founded in 2002 by Tim McLaughlin and former VP of Creative, Rand Kramer. McLaughlin currently serves as chairman of the board. Siteworx secured its first enterprise client in 2007 when Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group (MOHG) engaged Siteworx to build and manage MandarinOriental.com.  Over the subsequent years, Siteworx built a diverse portfolio composed primarily of large commercial clients.

In 2012, Siteworx received an investment from Riordan, Lewis & Haden, a private equity firm based in Los Angeles, CA that invests in high-growth, profitable enterprises with $20–$150 million of annual revenue. In 2013, Siteworx was awarded the 2013 Corporate Growth Award for Corporate Growth Company of the Year ($25M - $75M category) by the National Capital Chapter of ACG (Association for Corporate Growth) and then Siteworx CEO McLaughlin was named as a Finalist for the 2013 Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award.

In 2014, Adobe Systems named Siteworx its North American Regional Partner of the Year and Intershop appointed Siteworx as a strategic partner for integrating Intershop's omni-channel commerce platform and Adobe Experience Manager. This was in addition to being named a Sitecore Certified Solution Partner.

Select notable clients

American Diabetes Association (ADA)
In 2010, Diabetes.org was redesigned and relaunched. The website was selected for Outstanding Achievement in the Health/Nutrition category by Interactive Media Awards.

Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group
MandarinOriental.com was redeployed in 2012 on both desktop and mobile following the implementation of additional language capabilities, the integration of Conde Nast's Destination MO online magazine, and the custom built platform, "My Stays."

RSM US LLP (formerly McGladrey)
RSMUS.com was redesigned with a centralized campaign platform composed of Adobe Experience Manager, Adobe Analytics, and Adobe Target. In 2013, the RSM/McGladrey website garnered an Interactive Media Award for Best in Class in the Professional Services category.

Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)
In 2011, PressRoom.pbs.org was redesigned. The website won a 17th Annual Communicator Award of Excellence, as well as a Davy Silver Award in the Publishing category.

Awards
Siteworx has been named in both EContent Magazine's "Top 100 Companies That Matter Most in the Digital Content Industry" and KM World's "100 Companies that Matter in Knowledge Management" for three consecutive years. The agency has also garnered over 25 awards from Interactive Media Awards and 22 Davy awards for both Siteworx.com and multiple clients, such as US News, McGladrey LLP, National Geographic, AOL, and the US House of Representatives. Siteworx is also the recipient of the Art Directors Club of Metro Washington's (ADCMW) Gold Award and a Gold Stevie® Award (Business).

References

Companies based in Reston, Virginia
American companies established in 2002
Online companies of the United States
Privately held companies based in Virginia
2002 establishments in Virginia


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Le categorie catastali sono le categorie di classificazione degli edifici, giuridicamente definiti come fabbricati, utilizzati dal catasto in Italia per determinare la rendita catastale.

Le categorie furono introdotte con il regio decreto-legge 13 aprile 1939, n. 652, che riformò la disciplina relativa al catasto istituendo il catasto dei fabbricati, alla base del Nuovo Catasto Edilizio Urbano (NCEU). Le basi della loro definizione, nonché le modalità di calcolo sono riportate nel D.P.R. 1 dicembre 1949, n. 1142.

Gli immobili censiti nel Catasto dei terreni, invece, non posseggono categoria bensì qualità.

Immobili a destinazione ordinaria

Gruppo A
A/1 Abitazioni di tipo signorile Unità immobiliari appartenenti a fabbricati ubicati in zone di pregio con caratteristiche costruttive, tecnologiche e di rifiniture di livello superiore a quello dei fabbricati di tipo residenziale.
A/2 Abitazioni di tipo civile Unità immobiliari appartenenti a fabbricati con caratteristiche costruttive, tecnologiche e di rifiniture di livello rispondente alle locali richieste di mercato per fabbricati di tipo residenziale.
A/3 Abitazioni di tipo economico Unità immobiliari appartenenti a fabbricati con caratteristiche di economia sia per i materiali impiegati che per la rifinitura, e con impianti tecnologici limitati ai soli indispensabili.
A/4 Abitazioni di tipo popolare Unità immobiliari appartenenti a fabbricati con caratteristiche costruttive e di rifiniture di modesto livello. Dotazione limitata di impianti quantunque indispensabili.
A/5 Abitazioni di tipo ultrapopolare Unità immobiliari appartenenti a fabbricati con caratteristiche costruttive e di rifiniture di bassissimo livello. Di norma non dotate di servizi igienico-sanitari esclusivi.
A/6 Abitazioni di tipo rurale
A/7 Abitazioni in villiniPer «abitazione in villino» o per «villino» si deve intendere un fabbricato, anche se suddiviso in più unità immobiliari, avente caratteristiche tipologiche e costruttive tipiche del «villino» nonché aspetti tecnologici e di rifinitura proprie di un fabbricato di tipo civile o economico e dotato, per tutte o parte delle unità immobiliari che lo compongono, di aree cortilizie coltivate o no a giardino (cfr. Circolare n. 5 della ex Direzione Generale del Catasto e dei SS.TT.EE. e Nota C1/1022 del 4 maggio 1994 della ex Direzione Centrale del Catasto, dei Servizi Geotopocartografici e della Conservazione dei RR.II.).
A/8 Abitazioni in ville Per ville devono intendersi quegli immobili caratterizzati essenzialmente dalla presenza di parco e/o giardino, edificate in zone urbanistiche destinate a tali costruzioni o in zone di pregio con caratteristiche costruttive e di rifiniture, di livello superiore all'ordinario.
A/9 Castelli, palazzi di eminenti pregi artistici o storici Rientrano in questa categoria i castelli ed i palazzi eminenti che per la loro struttura, la ripartizione degli spazi interni e dei volumi edificati non sono comparabili con le Unità tipo delle altre categorie; costituiscono ordinariamente una sola unità immobiliare. È compatibile con l'attribuzione della categoria A/9 la presenza di altre unità, funzionalmente indipendenti, censibili nelle altre categorie.
A/10 Uffici e studi privati Rientrano in questa categoria quelle unità immobiliari che per tipologia, dotazione di impianti e finiture sono destinate all'attività professionale.
A/11 Abitazioni ed alloggi tipici dei luoghi Baite, baracche in zone terremotate, chalet, dammusi, rifugi di montagna, sassi materani, trulli, costruzioni nuragiche, ecc.)

Gruppo B
B/1 Collegi e convitti, educandati; ricoveri; orfanotrofi; ospizi; conventi; seminari; caserme
B/2 Case di cura ed ospedali (senza fine di lucro)
B/3 Prigioni e riformatori
B/4 Uffici pubblici
B/5 Scuole e laboratori scientifici
B/6 Biblioteche, pinacoteche, musei, gallerie, accademie che non hanno sede in edifici della categoria A/9
B/7 Cappelle ed oratori non destinati all'esercizio pubblico del culto
B/8 Magazzini sotterranei per depositi di derrate

Gruppo C

C/1 Locali commerciali Negozi e botteghe
C/2 Magazzini e locali di deposito Include cantine, mansarde, solai e sottotetti accessibili. Fino a fine 2016 la cantina e/o il sottotetto assegnati a un alloggio venivano inseriti nella stessa planimetria dell'abitazione e valutati nella rendita come vani accessori. Con la circolare 2E/2016 dell'Agenzia delle Entrate, i nuovi locali di questa categoria che hanno un accesso autonomo, come le cantine di un condominio, devono essere accatastate separatamente. Va creato un nuovo subalterno e cambia la rendita catastale, in quanto si trasformano da vano accessorio dell'abitazione a vano principale del C/2.
C/3 Laboratori per arti e mestieri
C/4 Fabbricati e locali per esercizi sportivi (senza fine di lucro) la clausola senza fine di lucro viene solitamente interpretata per restringere la classificazione a locali interni a proprietà private o condomini, ad uso gratuito dei soli residenti. Un locale che venga concesso in uso a fruitori non residenti o associazioni, per quanto non a scopo di lucro, viene fatto ricadere nella categoria D/6.
C/5 Stabilimenti balneari e di acque curative (senza fine di lucro)
C/6 Stalle, scuderie, rimesse, autorimesse (senza fine di lucro) Include le autorimesse private comunemente detti box auto; i posti auto coperti e i posti auto scoperti.
C/7 Tettoie chiuse od aperte

Immobili a destinazione speciale

Gruppo D
D/1 Opifici
D/2 Alberghi e pensioni (con fine di lucro)
D/3 Teatri, cinematografi, sale per concerti e spettacoli e simili (con fine di lucro)
D/4 Case di cura ed ospedali (con fine di lucro)
D/5 Istituto di credito, cambio e assicurazione (con fine di lucro)
D/6 Fabbricati e locali per esercizi sportivi (con fine di lucro) vedi nota a C/4.
D/7 Fabbricati costruiti o adattati per le speciali esigenze di un'attività industriale e non suscettibili di destinazione diversa senza radicali trasformazioniSono strutture costruite specificatamente per il tipo di attività a cui sono destinate. Esempi sono gli impianti per i rifornimenti di carburante o gli impianti industriali.
D/8 Fabbricati costruiti o adattati per le speciali esigenze di un'attività commerciale e non suscettibili di destinazione diversa senza radicali trasformazioni Grandi negozi, centri commerciali.
D/9 Edifici galleggianti o sospesi assicurati a punti fissi del suolo, ponti privati soggetti a pedaggio
D/10 Fabbricati per funzioni produttive connesse alle attività agricole (fabbricati rurali)

Immobili a destinazione particolare

Gruppo E

E/1 Stazioni per servizi di trasporto, terrestri, marittimi ed aerei
E/2 Ponti comunali e provinciali soggetti a pedaggio
E/3 Costruzioni e fabbricati per speciali esigenze pubbliche Costruzioni e fabbricati per speciali esigenze pubbliche. Un esempio sono le Caserme dei Carabinieri.
E/4 Recinti chiusi per speciali esigenze pubbliche
E/5 Fabbricati costituenti fortificazioni e loro dipendenze
E/6 Fari, semafori, torri per rendere d'uso pubblico l'orologio comunale
E/7 Fabbricati destinati all'esercizio pubblico dei culti
E/8 Fabbricati e costruzioni nei cimiteri, esclusi i colombari, i sepolcri e le tombe di famiglia
E/9 Edifici a destinazione particolare non compresi nelle categorie precedenti del gruppo E

Entità urbane

Gruppo F
 F/1 Aree urbane Area di corte urbana che, per qualche motivo (di solito per effettuare una successiva compravendita), non sono legate ad alcuna unità immobiliare appartenente agli altri gruppi; aree in precedenza occupate da unità immobiliari demolite totalmente.
 F/2 Unità collabenti Unità immobiliari che, prese nello stato in cui si trovano, non sono in grado di produrre reddito: unità immobiliari fatiscenti o inagibili; unità immobiliari demolite parzialmente, ruderi, unità con tetto crollato e inutilizzabili.
 F/3 Unità in corso di costruzione
 F/4 Unità in corso di definizione Sono il corrispondente delle F/3 per la denuncia di variazione: frazionamento di ville da cui sono ricavati appartamenti per i quali non siano ancora definiti la forma e/o il numero delle unità immobiliari e per i quali è necessario addivenire a un atto di compravendita; porzioni di unità immobiliari non produttive di reddito (stanze scorporate da un appartamento per essere compravendute).
 F/5 Lastrici solari Unità immobiliari, appartenenti ad una ditta diversa da quella del piano sottostante, istituite per poter procedere alla sua edificazione o alla sua compravendita.
 F/6 Fabbricato in attesa di dichiarazione Circolare 1/2009 Agenzia del Territorio.
 F/7 Infrastrutture di reti pubbliche di comunicazione Circolare n.18/E/2017 dell'Agenzia delle Entrate.

Note

Voci correlate
 Catasto
 Catasto fabbricati
 DoCFa
 Redditi di fabbricati

Catasto


text:
Događaji
 Osnutak Canterburyjske provincije

Rođenja

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice


text:
César Augusto Caggiano (Larrechea, 4 de marzo de 1894 - Rosario, 26 de abril de 1954) fue un pintor y escultor argentino.

Expresó el crítico Julio Forcat en su artículo "El pintor de Rosario" edición de marzo de 1954:

Educación
Inicia sus estudios de dibujo y pintura en la academia de Fernando Gaspary de la ciudad de Rosario (Argentina), quien lo estimula en sus comienzos. En 1911 viaja a Italia y en Florencia, permanece perfeccionando sus conocimientos al lado de Giovanni Costetti.

Condiscípulo de Emilia Bertolé, Erminio Blotta, y de Alfredo Guido, Caggiano recibió parte de su educación artística con el maestro Casella. Con estos amigos organizó el Primer Salón de Arte Nacional de Rosario,conocido como Petit Salón, en 1912.

Premios
En 1913, envía al Salón Nacional un tríptico titulado "Mi Familia" pintado a los 18 años de edad, con el que recibe el premio "Estímulo". Dicho cuadro fue donado por un coleccionista particular al Teatro "El Círculo" de la ciudad de Rosario, donde actualmente se expone.

Al año siguiente, hace suyo en el IV Salón Nacional el "Primer Premio Adquisición", con el "Retrato de Juanita Malatesta", que enviado en 1915 a la Muestra Internacional de San Francisco (California), recibe la Medalla de honor.

Eponimia
 Cortada Caggiano. Corre de este a oeste desde el 1300 al 1599 a la altura de Iguazú 300 Bis y Mar del Plata 300 Bis. Se le impuso este epónimo por Decreto 24.341 de 1960.

Comunidad
Caggiano, convive en el taller junto a Erminio Blotta (1892 - 1976) Gustavo Cochet  (1894 - 1979), el pintor y grabador Santiago Minturn Zerva  (1896 - 1964) el pianista Alfredo Munné, el bajo Felipe Romito (que luego se haría famoso en Milán). El emérito cirujano Artemio Zeno (1884-1935) paga las cuentas de este grupo de jóvenes bohemios.

Junto al escultor Erminio Blotta (1892-1976) y al poeta Abel Rodríguez (1893-1961) integra el "Grupo de arte El Clan".

Frecuentaba diferentes cafés de la ciudad, como el Paganini, lugar de encuentro de la bohemia y el anarquismo. Otros cafés de reunión eran La Brasileña, o El Cifré con los que compartía tertulias, abarcando temas que iban desde las artes, hasta los inherentes a la ciudad, el país y el mundo. Entre los contertulios más destacados se destacan Erminio Blotta, Santiago Minturn Zerva, Gustavo Cochet, Luis Ouvrard; los poetas Aguilera, Domingo Fontanarrosa y Abel Rodríguez; el escultor Daniel Palau, Ángel Guido, Manuel Musto, Julio Vanzo, entre otros...

Paraguay
Viaja al Paraguay  en dos ocasiones. En una de ellas, con su amigo el escultor Erminio Blotta. Allí, su obra pictórica se ve enriquecida por un espíritu latinoamericanista, que lo enaltece. En 1917 ya de regreso a Rosario, concurre al Salón de Bellas Artes con su tela "Nocturno" obteniendo el Primer premio.

Más tarde, de regreso al Paraguay, continúa retratando con exquisita maestría y una profusa producción, la vida cotidiana plasmadas en obras como: "Mercado de Luque" (Museo Castagnino de Rosario) "La paraguayita", "La espera", "Vieja Paraguaya" (pertenecientes a colecciones privadas), incluyendo a "La niña del Cántaro" subastada el 20 de mayo de 1988 por Christie`s.

Instituciones de Rosario y legado
Entre 1913 y 1914 dirigió, junto con el crítico de arte Atalaya (Alfredo Chiabra) la revista Bohemia, de la cual se publican 18 números.

Es designado catedrático en la Escuela de Arquitectura dependiente de la Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Su tarea docente lo lleva a organizar la Escuela de Artes Plásticas de Rosario en junio de 1937, y es nombrado como primer presidente.

Se destacó también como escultor (Mausoleo de Enzo Bordabehere).
La municipalidad de la ciudad de Rosario le brinda un reconocimiento, dándole su nombre a una de sus calles, en la zona norte de la ciudad.
Su desarrollo expresivo abarcó distintas técnicas que incursionan desde un realismo veraz a un realismo mágico, con irrupción hacia el paisaje de vehemente espontaneidad. Participó en varias revistas de tinte político progresista, con sus dibujos. También ilustró portadas de libros vinculados a la poesía y a la historia argentina.

Tras su deceso, a los 60 años, su viuda donó al "Museo de Bellas Artes Juan B. Castagnino" varias obras, entre ellas, "Retrato de la señora de Caggiano", "Retrato del pintor Mintur Zerba",  "Naturaleza muerta", "Mercado de Luque" y su mismo retrato cuando era joven, todas respondiendo a una calidad estrictamente cromática.

Lamentablemente el incendio en su estudio, ocasionó la pérdida de una parte de su obra, dejando su producción repartida en distintas instituciones de Rosario, en el Museo Castagnino, Monumento a la Bandera, Teatro El Círculo. Y en otras ciudades del país y en el extranjero; como así también, en diferentes colecciones privadas.

Referencias

Pintores de Argentina del siglo XX
Escultores de Argentina
Escultores de Argentina del siglo XX
Artistas de la provincia de Santa Fe
Profesores de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral
Fallecidos en Rosario (Argentina)
Sepultados en el Cementerio La Piedad de Rosario
Nacidos en la provincia de Santa Fe


text:
Бравнице су насељено мјесто у општини Језеро, Република Српска, БиХ. Према попису становништва из 1991. у насељу је живјело 868 становника.

Географија

Историја
До распада Југославије насеље Бравнице се налазило у општини Јајце. Насеље је подјељено 1995. године и постоји као два самостална насеља, у Републици Српској и Федерацији БиХ, БиХ.

Становништво
Према попису становништва из 1991. године место је имало 868 становника.

Национални састав:

Види још
 Општина Језеро

Референце

Спољашње везе

 Мапе, аеродроми и временска ситуација локација (-{Fallingrain}-)
 Гугл сателитска мапа (-{Maplandia}-)
 (-{Националини састав становништва — резултати по општинама и насељеним мјестима}-)

Општина Језеро
Насељена мјеста у Републици Српској
Википројект географија/Насеља у Босни и Херцеговини
Насеља подијељена међуентитетском линијом


text:
Sydney Shephard (29 March 1894 – 25 November 1953) was a British Conservative Party politician.

Shephard was born at Nottingham on 29 March 1894, one of five children of Charles and Mary Shephard. He is recorded in the 1901 Census, aged 7 years, living at 225 Noel Street, Nottingham, where his father's occupation is given as "Late Draughtsman".

In World War I, he was commissioned Second Lieutenant in the 2/7th (Robin Hood) Battalion, Notts and Derby Regiment, on 23 November 1916. His Medal Index Card confirms that he entered the French theatre of war in 1917, although no specific date is given. Under the general reorganisation of 30 January 1918, the 1/7th and 2/7th (Robin Hood) Battalions were effectively merged to form the 7th (Robin Hood) Battalion.
Within three months, the reconstituted battalion had suffered grievous losses having fought to a finish at Bullecourt. The action had cost the battalion 653 all ranks, killed, wounded and missing, and it had to be reformed with drafts from other units. As a result of further heavy losses sustained at Neuve Eglise and at Kemmel Hill during April, the 7th (Robin Hood) Battalion was reduced to a cadre on 6 May 1918. Many officers, including Lieutenant Shephard, were drafted into the 1st Battalion Notts and Derby Regiment, on 19 June 1918.
Whilst serving with the 1st Battalion, he was awarded the Military Cross for his gallantry near Beauchamp, on the night of the 23/24 June 1918. When in charge of a night patrol consisting of 32 men and a Lewis Gun, he encountered a strong enemy force which he engaged at close quarters, being slightly wounded in the head by a bomb. He successfully withdrew his entire party, including 9 wounded men, over a distance of 450 yards. The award of the MC was announced in the supplement to the London Gazette dated 7 May 1919.

The following recommendation has been extracted from Battalion Orders, a copy of which accompanies the group: "On the night 23/24 June, accompanied by 32 men and a Lewis Gun, he advanced to within 150 yards of the enemy trenches. N.E. of BEAUCHAMP (Sheet57c.S.E. R.I.c.) in order to obtain identifications. Between 40 or 50 of the enemy were observed moving across his flank, and he skillfully manoeuvred in order to bring better fire to bear on them. He waited until they were within ten yards and then gave orders to fire. A rapid fire was brought to bear on the enemy from the Lewis gun and rifles, and it is believed heavy casualties were inflicted on the enemy. He then gave the order to charge, and himself led the charge, but was almost immediately knocked out by an enemy bomb. He was slightly wounded in the head, nine of his party being wounded at the same time. He eventually got the whole of his patrol back to our trenches, a distance of about 450 yards, himself helping to carry in the wounded. If he had not done this, the enemy would in all probability have obtained an identification. At least two of the wounded were quite unable to walk.
This Officer has consistently done good work both on patrols and in action."

He was despatched to England for demobilisation on 14 February 1919.  His Medal Index Card confirms his eligibility for the award of the Silver War Badge, and also notes his address in 1921 as 10 Barrack Lane, Nottingham.

Shephard married Lily Jane Alexander in 1923, and they raised a family of two sons and a daughter. He became Chairman and Managing Director of Bairns-Wear Ltd, and was Master of the South Notts Hounds. In 1941, he was appointed High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, and during the Second World War, he acted as Army Welfare Officer, from 1939 until 1947. He also commanded the Newark Home Guard Battalion between 1940 and 1943.

He was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Newark at a by-election in June 1943. The vacancy was caused when the Newark's Conservative MP Marquess of Titchfield, succeeded to the peerage in April 1943, as the 7th Duke of Portland.  During World War II, the parties in the coalition government had agreed not to contest by-elections in seats held by the other coalition parties, and most vacancies resulted in the unopposed election of the nominee of the party which had previously held the seat.  However, independent candidates and minor parties were not bound by the pact, and the Newark by-election was contested by three other candidates. Shephard won the seat, but with less than half the votes: Common Wealth Party candidate won 14% of the votes, and an Independent Progressive won 31%.

Shephard held the seat at the 1945 general election, with a slender majority of 2.8% of the votes over the second-placed Labour Party candidate, Air Vice Marshal H. V. C. de Crespigny.

However, at the 1950 general election, Newark's Labour candidate was George Deer, the outgoing MP for Lincoln. Deer won the seat, ending Shephard's career in the House of Commons.

He died on 25 November 1953, aged 59 years.

References

External links

1894 births
1953 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1935–1945
UK MPs 1945–1950
Recipients of the Military Cross
High Sheriffs of Nottinghamshire


text:
Jak uczyłem się (ros. Как я учился) – autobiograficzne opowiadanie Maksima Gorkiego z 1918 roku. Skierowane jest głównie do dzieci i młodzieży i opowiada o procesie uczenia się Gorkiego i jego fascynacji książką.

Historia publikacji
Po raz pierwszy opowiadanie zostało opublikowane 29 maja 1918 roku w dwóch gazetach: w numerze 102 gazety "Nowaja Żizn" pod tytułem "O knigach" ("O książkach"), oraz pod tytułem "Rasskaz" ("Opowiadanie") w gazecie "Kniga i Żizn".

Gorki zapowiedział publikację opowiadania dzień wcześniej w Petersburgu.

W 1922 roku opowiadanie zostało rozszerzone i wydane w formie książkowej.

Bibliografia

Rosyjskie opowiadania
Utwory literackie z 1918


text:
Salland, een landstreek in Overijssel
 Vliegveld Salland, een vliegveld bij Lemelerveld
 Panorama Salland, een 180 m2 schilderij van de regio

Organisaties
 Groot Salland, een voormalig waterschap, opgegaan in waterschap Drents Overijsselse Delta
 Salland (waterschap), een voormalig waterschap, opgegaan in waterschap Groot Salland
 Autobusdienstonderneming Salland, een voormalig openbaarvervoerbedrijf uit de regio
 Aero Club Salland, een zweefvliegclub
 Salland Zorgverzekeringen, een zorgverzekeraar van Eno


text:
John Groves may refer to:
John Groves (British Army officer) (died 1859), Crown equerry
John Groves (cricketer) (1914–1996), cricket player and administrator
John Groves (footballer) (1933–2017), English footballer
John D. Groves, British journalist and civil servant
John Percy Groves (1850–1916), British author, librarian, and soldier
John T. Groves, American chemist
John W. Groves (1844–1921), mayor of Madison, Wisconsin

See also
John L. Grove (1921–2003), American inventor and industrialist


text:
West Northfield  is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Lunenburg Municipal District in Lunenburg County. It lies in a drumlinized area along the LaHave River. The loam-textured podzolic soils tend to be strongly acidic and stony. However, favorable drainage and moisture-holding capacity make them suitable for agriculture and forestry. A Christmas tree industry has developed around the community in recent years.

References
West Northfield on Destination Nova Scotia
Soil Survey of Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia

Communities in Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


text:
USCGC Cobb (WPG-181) was a United States Coast Guard cutter commissioned during World War II. A conversion of the 1906 coastal steamboat , USCGC Cobb in the hands of the Coast Guard became the first US helicopter carrier.

Background

The U.S. government became interested in the potential of the helicopter during the 1930s. In 1938, the government allocated two million dollars toward development of the machine, and an inter-agency board—which included a representative from the U.S. Coast Guard, Commander William J. Kossler—was established to oversee the program. Kossler had difficulty persuading the U.S. Navy of the utility of the helicopter and eventually enlisted the aid of Executive Officer Lieutenant Commander Frank Erickson of Coast Guard Air Station Brooklyn.

Erickson, who had helplessly watched sailors burn to death in oil slicks with no hope of rescue during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, immediately saw the utility of the helicopter in a search-and-rescue role. However, as the Navy showed little interest at this time in development of improved search-and-rescue methods, Erickson promoted the helicopter's usefulness as an anti-submarine warfare (ASW) weapon instead. This proposal met with the approval of the Navy, and on 19 February 1943, the Coast Guard was formally assigned the task of developing the helicopter for the ASW role.

Acquisition and refit

As part of its ASW program, the Coast Guard began experimenting with ship-based helicopter operations. Initially, a series of flights was conducted from the deck of a ship at anchor, Bunker Hill. When these trials proved successful, the Coast Guard moved to open sea trials.

For the sea trials, the Coast Guard acquired an ageing passenger steamer, , from the War Shipping Administration. The Coast Guard carried out major modifications to the ship, including removal of much of the ship's superstructure for the installation of a 38 × 63 foot flight deck for the use of helicopters, plus the addition of armor and weaponry. Following these modifications, the ship was commissioned on 20 July 1943 as USCGC Cobb (WPG-181)—the first US helicopter carrier.

Service history

In January 1944, the ship was ordered to Groton, Connecticut for sound and radar training. In April, the ship was assigned to New York City to train for helicopter landings on board its flight deck. The first such landing occurred on 15 June. On 29 July 1944, the first take-off took place in Long Island Sound  from Cobb flight deck.

With the threat from submarines greatly diminished by early 1945, the Coast Guard turned its attention to development of the helicopter in the search-and-rescue role. USCGC Cobb also played a role in this program when helicopters from its flight deck performed some of the earliest air-sea rescues.

In spite of her historic achievements, USCGC Cobb proved an unsatisfactory acquisition. Originally America's first turbine-powered steamship, the aging 37-year-old vessel proved a liability to the Coast Guard with her excessive maintenance costs. During the first 115 days of the ship's service, Cobb was absent from the repair yard for a total of only nine days. Thereafter she managed operational duties an average of only one week out of four.

USCGC Cobb was decommissioned by the Coast Guard on 31 January 1946. She was sold on 6 March 1947, and scrapped a short time later.

Footnotes

References
 Conwell, First Lieutenant Andrew, USAF (2008): "History of Coast Guard Rotary-Wing Aviation: From Inception to the Modern Day", United States Coast Guard website.
 Cobb, 1944 WPG-181 (ex-Governor Cobb), United States Coast Guard website.

Ships built by the Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works
Ships of the United States Coast Guard
1906 ships