text:
Cayo Furio Pácilo puede referirse a las siguientes personas de la Antigua Roma:

 Cayo Furio Pácilo (cónsul 412 a. C.).— Cónsul en el año 412 a. C.
 Cayo Furio Pácilo (cónsul 251 a. C.).— Cónsul en el año 251 a. C.
 Cayo Furio Pácilo Fuso.— Cónsul y tribuno consular en el


text:
Biografia

Primogenito dei figli sopravvissuti del langravio Federico III d'Assia-Homburg e di sua moglie, la principessa Elisabetta Dorotea d'Assia-Darmstadt, nacque a Bad Homburg nel 1705. Studiò successivamente all'Università di Giessen, pur non mostrando alcun interesse per le materie di studio, in particolare quelle scientifiche. Nel 1723 venne inviato dal padre in Russia su consiglio del ciambellano dello zar, Pavel Ivanovič Jagužinskij, il quale gli fece ottenere il rango di colonnello (9 novembre) del reggimento della Narva e nel gennaio 1724 prestò servizio a Revel. Dopo la morte di Pietro I, la posizione dei principi di Homburg in Russia peggiorò a causa dell'atteggiamento ostile dimostrato da Aleksandr Danilovič Menšikov nei loro confronti. Venne promosso successivamente maggiore generale a Riga e comandante del reggimento della Narva.

Come nipote della principessa Luisa Elisabetta di Curlandia, sperava in vano di succedere a suo cugino Ferdinand Kettler come duca di Curlandia. La zarina Anna I di Russia lo fece trasferire a San Pietroburgo dove lo promosse invece tenente generale e gli affidò il comando della guarnigione militare della capitale per distoglierlo da mire indipendentiste. Nel contempo però la sua influenza a corte e il suo carattere rissoso, lo portò a scontrarsi con Aleksandr Danilovič Menšikov, con Aleksej Petrovič Bestužev-Rjumin, con Burkhard Christoph von Münnich ed a  sporgere denuncia contro Vasilij Vladimirovič Dolgorukov che venne arrestato ed esiliato.

Nel 1732, guidò con successo una campagna militare contro i tatari della Crimea nel Caucaso. Dopo alcune operazioni in Polonia orientale nel 1734-1735 in difesa del candidato al trono patrocinato dalla Russia, Augusto di Sassonia (che gli conferì poi l'ordine dell'Aquila Bianca, la massima onorificenza polacca), combatté nuovamente contro i tatari e contro i turchi nella guerra che li vide contrapporsi alla Russia nel 1736-1737, ma sottoposto ora al comando del conte Burkhard Christoph von Münnich. Presenziò alla firma del trattato di Resht. Venne ricompensato col grado di Feldzeugmeister e venne nominato governatore di Astrakan e delle province persiane della Russia.

Ludovico Guglielmo ebbe ottime relazioni con la zarina Elisabetta I di Russia che nel 1742 gli concesse il rango di feldmaresciallo, oltre ad una casa d'abitazione a Mosca e una in Lituania.

Morì di malattia mentre si trovava a Berlino, precedendo di un solo anno suo padre e non potendo quindi succedergli al trono dell'Assia-Homburg. Venne sepolto nella cripta del castello di Bad Homburg.

Matrimonio e figli

Ludovico Guglielmo d'Assia-Homburg sposò la principessa russa Anastasija Ivanovna Trubeckaja il 3 febbraio 1738. La moglie era figlia del generale principe Ivan Jur'evič Trubeckoj, cugino del principe Nikita Jur'evič Trubeckoj e già vedova di Dimitrie Cantemir, principe di Moldavia. La coppia non ebbe figli.

Ascendenza

Onorificenze

Note

Bibliografia
 Ernst Schulze, Lebensbeschreibung des Prinzen Ludwig Gruno von Hessen-Homburg 1705-1745, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, 1892
 Philipp Dieffenbach: Geschichte von Hessen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Grohßerzogthums p. 232 (in tedesco)

Altri progetti

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Stefan Schneider may refer to:

Stefan Schneider (athlete),  Swiss track and field athlete
Stefan Schneider (director), director of documentary Super Comet: After the Impact
Stefan Schneider, fictional character in the Dead Space: Salvage comic book
Stefan Schneider (figure skating), Canadian figure skater who competed at the 2008 Canadian Figure Skating Championships
Stefan Schneider (ice hockey born 1975), Swiss ice hockey defenceman
Stefan Schneider (ice hockey born 1989), Canadian ice hockey player
Stefan Schneider (musician), member of To Rococo Rot


text:
Moore Reservoir is an impoundment on the Connecticut River located in the communities of Littleton, New Hampshire; Dalton, New Hampshire; Waterford, Vermont; and Concord, Vermont. It occupies approximately .

It was created by the completion of the Moore Dam in 1956, which caused the flooding of several villages, including Pattenville, New Hampshire, and old Waterford, Vermont. Moore Dam is now owned and operated by TransCanada Corporation. With a capacity of 192 megawatts, it is the most productive of TransCanada's thirteen hydroelectric facilities in New England.

The lake is classified as a cold- and warmwater fishery, with observed species including brook trout, rainbow trout, brown trout, smallmouth and largemouth bass, chain pickerel, bullpout, northern pike, and rock bass.

See also

List of lakes in New Hampshire
List of lakes in Vermont

References

Reservoirs in New Hampshire
Reservoirs in Vermont
Concord, Vermont
Waterford, Vermont
Lakes of Coös County, New Hampshire
Lakes of Grafton County, New Hampshire
Protected areas of Caledonia County, Vermont
Protected areas of Essex County, Vermont
Protected areas of Coös County, New Hampshire
Lakes of Caledonia County, Vermont
Lakes of Essex County, Vermont
Littleton, New Hampshire


text:
Para ver otras iglesias bajo la misma advocación, véase Ermita de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción.

La Ermita de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción en Caloca, municipio de Pesaguero (Cantabria, España), fue declarada Bien de Interés Cultural el 24 de junio de 1996. Se encuentra en lo alto del pueblo, al oeste, en el llamado Collado de Andilejas.

Datación
Se trata de una ermita románica del siglo XIII, aunque muy reformada con posterioridad.

Descripción

Se construyó como una iglesia de una sola nave, rematada por un ábside rectangular. Es de piedra de mampostería, reservándose la sillería para los esquinales. En el hastial se alza una espadaña típicamente románica, con tres troneras en forma de arco de medio punto, uno de ellos por encima de los otros dos.

Destaca la puerta, que se encuentra en la fachada meridional, abocinada con tres arquivoltas apuntadas que se decoran con puntas de diamante la exterior y con baquetones y escocias las dos interiores. Se apoyan en capiteles de decoración sencilla: líneas verticales marcadas en la cesta. Toda la parte superior de esta fachada está recorrida por canecillos románicos, también de gran sencillez (caveto).

En cuanto a la nave, se distinguen en ella tres tramos separados por arcos apuntados. Tanto la capilla bautismal, en el tramo central de la nave, como la cubierta del ábside, son bóveda de cañón. Al ábside se accede mediante un arco triunfal apuntado.

Fuentes
 Miguel-Ángel García Guinea, Románico en Cantabria, pág. 188, ediciones de Librería Estvdio, Santander, 1.ª edición, junio de 1996. ISBN 84-87934-49-8
 Patrimonio religioso de Pesaguero en El Diario Montañés
  en la página web de Turismo de Cantabria
 Cantabria Joven - Pesaguero

Enlaces externos

Bienes de interés cultural de Cantabria
Nuestra Señora de la Asunción Caloca
Arquitectura románica en Cantabria
Arquitectura en Cantabria en el siglo XIII
Ermitas de España del siglo XIII


text:
Justified è un cortometraggio muto del 1909 diretto da Tom Ricketts. Fu l'esordio cinematografico per l'attrice teatrale Ethel Clayton.

Trama

Produzione
Il film fu prodotto dall'Essanay Film Manufacturing Company.

Distribuzione
Distribuito dall'Essanay Film Manufacturing Company, il cortometraggio - della lunghezza di 200 metri - uscì nelle sale cinematografiche USA l'8 settembre 1909. Nelle proiezioni, veniva programmato con il sistema dello split reel, accorpato in un'unica bobina con un altro cortometraggio, Sleepy Jim, una commedia diretta da Gilbert M. 'Broncho Billy' Anderson.

Note

Voci correlate
Filmografia della Essanay
Filmografia di Gilbert M. Anderson

Collegamenti esterni

Cortometraggi drammatici
Cortometraggi muti statunitensi


text:
Derbyskor är en herrsko med så kallad öppen snörning.

Öppen snörning innebär att lädret i snörningen utgör flikar, från sidorna, som inte är nedsydda längst fram. Vid sluten snörning formar lädret i stället ett "V", när skorna är osnörade.

Derbyskon blev populär i England vid mitten av artonhundratalet, som en sport- och fritidssko. Först framåt sekelskiftet ansågs den lämplig för stadsbruk. Den anses fortfarande vara mer informell och passar till klädsel under klädkoden mörk kostym, till exempel när man bär uddakvaj.

Se även
 Blücherskor

Referenser

Skor


text:
Кри́стофер Ке́йтсби (Кит) Ха́рингтон (, род. 26 декабря 1986, Актон, Лондон) — британский актёр театра, кино и телевидения. Харингтон наиболее известен по роли Джона Сноу в телесериале HBO «Игра престолов»; роль принесла ему номинацию на прайм-таймовую премию «Эмми». В 2017 году он стал одним из самых высокооплачиваемых актёров телевидения, получая 1,1 миллион долларов за один эпизод «Игры престолов».

Харингтон также сыграл главные роли в фильмах «Помпеи» (2014), «Воспоминания о будущем» (2014) и «» (2015); второстепенные — в фильмах «Сайлент Хилл 2» (2012), «Седьмой сын» (2014), «Как  приручить дракона 2» (2014) и «Как приручить дракона 3» (2019).

Происхождение и ранние годы

Харингтон родился в Актоне, Лондон в семье бывшего драматурга Деборы Джейн Кейтсби и бизнесмена сэра Дэвида Ричарда Харингтона, 15-го баронета. Его мать назвала его в честь Кристофера Марло, чьё имя сокращалось до Кита (именно это имя предпочитает использовать Харингтон). Дядя Харингтона сэр Николас Джон Харингтон являлся 14-м баронетом Харингтон, а его прадед по отцовской линии — сэр Ричард Харингтон — 12-м баронетом.

В феврале 2014 года на телешоу «Джимми Киммел в прямом эфире» Харингтон заявил, что придворный поэт и крестник королевы Елизаветы I Тюдор (1558—1603) Джон Харингтон (1561—1612), друг Кристофера Марло, является его предком, что документальными источниками не подтверждается. Через бабушку по отцовской линии, Лавендер Сесилию Денни, он — потомок короля Карла II в 10-м поколении. Кроме того, по отцу является потомком шотландского политика Генри Дандаса, 1-го виконта Мелвилла.

Харингтон учился в Саутфилдской начальной школе в 1992—1998 годах. Когда ему было 11 лет, семья переехала в Вустершир и он учился в Центральной средней школе в Мартли до 2003 года. В возрасте 14 лет он увидел спектакль «В ожидании Годо» и, заинтересовавшись актёрством, принял участие в нескольких школьных постановках.

Он учился в колледже в Вустере, где изучал драму и театр (2003—05). В 2004 году семнадцатилетний Харингтон, вдохновившись Гамлетом в исполнении Бена Уишоу, начал посещать школу актёрского мастерства. В 18 лет он переехал в Лондон, а год спустя начал посещать Центральную школу сценической речи и драмы, окончив её в 2008 году.

Карьера

До того, как Харингтон стал актёром, он хотел быть журналистом, оператором и военным корреспондентом.

Театр
Ещё во время учёбы в актёрской школе он сыграл Альберта Наракотта в спектакле «» на главной сцене Королевского национального театра. Постановка завоевала две премии Лоренса Оливье и Харингтон получил широкую известность. Позже он получил роль Эда Монтгомери в спектакле «» в Ройал-Корт; «Превосходство» — чёрная комедия о людях из высшего общества в Оксфордском университете.

В 2016 году Харингтон исполнил роль Фауста в постановке пьесы «Доктор Фауст» Кристофера Марло на сцене . Мнение критиков относительно видения «Фауста» постановщиком Джейми Ллойдом и актёрской игры Харингтона разделились: одни критики считают, что в «Боевом коне» и «Превосходстве» Харингтон сыграл более убедительно, другие же отмечают его рост как актёра по сравнению с некоторыми сценами «Игры престолов».

Телевидение
В 2009 году Харингтон прошёл прослушивание на роль Джона Сноу в телесериале «Игра престолов». Роль стала для актёра дебютной на телевидении. Премьера сериала состоялась в 2011 году, шоу было встречено с восторгом, и HBO вскоре заказал второй сезон. Сюжетная линия Харингтона снималась преимущественно в Исландии и Северной Ирландии. В 2012 году Харингтон был номинирован на премию «Сатурн» за лучшую мужскую роль второго плана на телевидении, а в 2016 году — на «Эмми» в аналогичной категории.

Харингтон сыграл главную роль в комедии HBO «», коротком телефильме о семидневном теннисном матче в 2015 году.

В феврале 2017 года стало известно, что Харингтон исполнит главную роль в трёхсерийной исторической драме BBC «Порох», основанной на Пороховом заговоре, а также выступит исполнительным продюсером мини-сериала. Он исполнит роль своего предка Кейтсби Роберта; также в проекте задействованы Марк Гэтисс, Лив Тайлер и Питер Маллан.

Кино
В 2012 году Харингтон дебютировал в кино. Он сыграл Винсента в фильме «Сайлент Хилл 2». Ужастик основан на видеоигре Silent Hill 3 и является сиквелом фильма «Сайлент Хилл». Он получил премию «Молодой Голливуд» как актёр года в 2013 году.

Первую главную роль в кино Харингтон сыграл в фильме «Помпеи». Съёмки фильма происходили в 2013 году в Торонто. Некоторые сцены были сняты в самих Помпеях. Фильм заработал скромную кассу и получил смешанные отзывы критиков. Критики прохладно отозвались об игре Харингтона, однако отметили, что по первой ведущей роли в кино нельзя судить о потенциале актёра. В том же году Харингтон озвучил Эрета в мультфильме «Как приручить дракона 2», который получил признание критиков и был коммерчески успешным. Мультфильм получил премию «Золотой глобус» за лучший анимационный фильм и был номинирован на «Оскар».

В 2014 году Харингтон также снялся в небольшой роли в приключенческом фильме «Седьмой сын» с Джеффом Бриджесом. В том же году он сыграл Роланда Лейтона, жениха главной героини в исполнении Алисии Викандер в фильме «Воспоминания о будущем». В этом фильме Харингтон появился в необычном для себя амплуа чувствительного поэта; его актёрская игра была высоко оценена критиками.

В декабре 2014 года было объявлено, что Харингтон исполнит главную роль в фильме Ксавье Долана «Смерть и жизнь Джона Ф. Донована», где также сыграют Джессика Честейн, Кэти Бэйтс, Тэнди Ньютон и Сьюзан Сарандон. Съёмки начались в Монреале в июле 2016 года и завершились весной 2017 года. В июне 2015 года было сделано официальное заявление, что Харингтон исполнит одну из главных ролей в вестерне Мартина Кулховена «Преисподняя», заменив Роберта Паттинсона.

Фильм «Смерть и жизнь Джона Ф. Донована» вышел в российский прокат 15 августа 2019 года.

24 августа 2019 было объявлено, что Кит сыграет Чёрного рыцаря в предстоящем фильме Кинематографической вселенной Marvel под названием «Вечные», премьера которого состоялась в ноябре 2021 года.

В июне 2022 было подтверждение от HBO и George R.R. Martin о запуске сиквела «Игры престолов», под рабочим названием «Snow», в котором Кит Харингтон вернется к роли Джона Сноу.

Другое
В 2014 и 2015 годах Кит Харингтон был лицом компании Jimmy Choo. В 2016 году он стал представителем премиум-бренда Nissan Infiniti, и снялся в короткометражном фильме, посвященном запуску модели Infiniti Q60. В марте 2017 года Харингтон был объявлен лицом парфюма Dolce & Gabbana для мужчин The One.

В 2016 году Харингтон исполнил роль главного злодея в видеоигре Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare.

Благотворительность
В 2015 году Харингтон принял участие в благотворительном спектакле, задуманном оскароносным режиссёром Дэнни Бойлом в помощь детям Южной Африки. Постановка была показана в театре Royal Court в Лондоне. Помимо Кита, в ней сыграли Бенедикт Камбербэтч, Николь Кидман, Джеймс Макэвой и Кристофер Экклстон.

С апреля 2016 года Харингтон — амбассадор The Royal Mencap Society, организации в Великобритании, занимающейся оказанием помощи людям с проблемами в обучении, которая также оказывает поддержку их семьям и лицам, обеспечивающим за ними уход. Кроме этой, Харингтон является покровителем другой благотворительной организации, Longlands Care Farm, которая занимается всяческой поддержкой неблагополучных подростков в возрасте 14-19 лет.

В сентябре 2016 года Харингтон, а также Кейт Бланшет, Чиветел Эджиофор, Питер Капальди, Дуглас Бут, Нил Гейман, Кира Найтли, Джульет Стивенсон, Джесси Айзенберг и Стэнли Туччи снялись в видеоролике ООН, чтобы повысить осведомлённость людей о глобальном кризисе беженцев. В видео под названием «Что они с собой взяли» актёры читают стихотворение Дженифер Токсвиг. Оно стало частью кампании ООН #WithRefugees (#сбеженцами), которая также включает петицию правительствам о предоставлении беженцам убежища и защиты, а также об интеграции возможностей их трудоустройства и образования.

В августе 2017 года при поддержке организации Mencap Харингтон обратил внимание правительства на необходимость выделения средств для оплаты ночных сиделок для инвалидов.

В июне 2018 года Харингтон поддержал благотворительную кампанию, направленную на сбор средств для спасения культурного центра Town Hall Arts в Уилтшире.

В 2018 году Харингтон присоединился к Тому Хиддлстону, Кристин Скотт Томас, Джереми Айронсу и Индире Варме для участия в благотворительном празднике, посвящённом жизни и работе Гарольда Пинтера. Мероприятие состоялось 10 октября в театре Harold Pinter Theatre. Вся выручка с праздника была разделена между двумя благотворительными организациями: Amnesty International и Chance to Shine.

В 2022 году актёр во время российского вторжения на Украину снялся в ролике в поддержку украинских беженцев.

Личная жизнь
В 2016 году было официально подтверждено, что Кит Харингтон встречается с коллегой по сериалу «Игра престолов» Роуз Лесли с 2012 года. В 2017 году Харингтон и Лесли начали жить вместе. В сентябре 2017 года они объявили о своей помолвке, опубликовав сообщение в The Times. Cвадьба состоялась 23 июня 2018 года в родовом замке клана Лесли в Абердиншире (Шотландия). 26 сентября 2020 года стало известно, что пара ожидает появления первенца.

Весной 2019 года (за месяц до выхода финального эпизода «Игры престолов») Харингтон лёг в клинику. Он рассказал о давлении и нервном срыве, испытанных во время съёмок сериала.

В начале 2021 года Кит Харингтон и Роуз Лесли впервые стали родителями. У пары родился сын.

Фильмография

Театр

Награды и номинации

Комментарии

Примечания

Ссылки

Выпускники Центральной школы ораторского искусства и драмы
Киноактёры Великобритании


text:
Сергі́й Олекса́ндрович Андрусенко (  —  ) — старший солдат Збройних Сил України, учасники російсько-української війни.

Життєпис
У часі війни — оператор протитанкового взводу 1-ї мотопіхотної роти, 13-й окремий мотопіхотний батальйон «Чернігів-1».

Загинув 29 січня 2015-го під час мінометного обстрілу у бою на блокпосту 1302 під Вуглегірськом. Тоді ж полягли старший солдат Олег Соломаха та солдати Олександр Бригинець й Андрій Лебедєв.

3 місяці вважався зниклим безвісти, упізнаний за експертизою ДНК серед загиблих.

Похований в Глибочиці.

Нагороди та вшанування
 Указом Президента України № 103/2016 від 21 березня 2016 року, «за особисту мужність і високий професіоналізм, виявлені у захисті державного суверенітету та територіальної цілісності України, вірність військовій присязі», нагороджений орденом «За мужність» III ступеня (посмертно).
 Вшановується в меморіальному комплексі «Зала пам'яті», в щоденному ранковому церемоніалі 29 січня.

Примітки

Посилання
 Андрусенко Сергій Олександрович  // Книга пам'яті загиблих

58-ма окрема мотопіхотна бригада
Поховані в Житомирському районі


text:
Michaił Stratonowicz Bondarienko (ros. Михаил Стратонович Бондаренко, ur. 1901 we wsi Popowa Słoboda w guberni kurskiej, zm. w styczniu 1977 w Kijowie) – funkcjonariusz NKWD, pułkownik, szef Zarządu NKGB/MGB obwodu kijowskiego (1943-1951).

Od marca 1922 do października 1926 w Wydziale Transportu Drogowego GPU/OGPU Ukraińskiej SRR, od października 1926 do października 1928 pełnomocnik Samodzielnego Wydziału Transportu Drogowego OGPU Kolei Południowo-Zachodniej, od października 1928 do października 1929 Samodzielnego Wydziału Transportu Drogowego OGPU Drogi Kolejowej Moskwa-Kursk, od października do grudnia 1929 pełnomocnik Wydziału Transportu Drogowego Drogi Kolejowej Moskwa-Kijów. Od grudnia 1929 do października 1930 pełnomocnik punktu operacyjnego Wydziału Transportowego OGPU w Czernihowie, od października 1930 do lutego 1933 starszy pełnomocnik Wydziału Transportu Drogowego OGPU Kolei Moskiewsko-Kijowskiej, od marca 1933 do marca 1937 pełnomocnik Oddziału Wodnego, działu tajno-operacyjnego, pełnomocnik i pełnomocnik operacyjny Oddziału II Wydziału Transportowego OGPU przy Radzie Komisarzy Ludowych/GUGB NKWD ZSRR, od 14 grudnia 1935 porucznik bezpieczeństwa państwowego. Od marca 1937 do kwietnia 1938 pomocnik szefa Oddziału IX i IV Wydziału VI GUGB NKWD ZSRR, 2 grudnia 1937 awansowany na starszegoporucznika bezpieczeństwa państwowego, od 8 kwietnia do 20 lipca 1938 zastępca szefa Oddziału I Wydziału I Zarządu III NKWD ZSRR, od lipca do listopada 1938 szef Oddziału VII Wydziału II Zarządu III NKWD ZSRR, od listopada 1938 do 17 maja 1940 szef Oddziału IV Wydziału II Głównego Zarządu Transportowego NKWD ZSRR. Od 17 maja 1940 do stycznia 1941 szef Wydziału Wodnego NKWD Ukraińskiej SRR, później p.o. szefa Wydziału Wodnego NKWD Basenu Czarnomorskiego i zastępca szefa, a od 28 marca do sierpnia 1941 szef Zarządu NKWD obwodu odeskiego. Od października 1941 do lutego 1942 w rezerwie, 28 grudnia 1941 mianowany kapitanem bezpieczeństwa państwowego, 1942-1943 szef Grupy Operacyjnej NKWD Ukraińskiej SRR, od 11 lutego 1943 podpułkownik, we wrześniu-październiku 1943 p.o. szefa Zarządu NKGB obwodu stalińskiego (obecnie obwód doniecki). Od listopada 1943 do 6 grudnia 1951 szef Zarządu NKGB/MGB obwodu kijowskiego, od grudnia 1951 do czerwca 1952 na leczeniu, w rezerwie, od czerwca 1952 do kwietnia 1953 zastępca szefa Zarządu MGB obwodu czernihowskiego, od 11 czerwca 1953 do lipca 1954 szef Zarządu MWD obwodu kijowskiego, następnie na emeryturze.

Odznaczenia
 Order Lenina (21 maja 1947)
 Order Czerwonego Sztandaru (dwukrotnie - 3 listopada 1944 i 10 kwietnia 1945)
 Order Czerwonego Sztandaru Pracy (23 stycznia 1948)
 Order Wojny Ojczyźnianej I klasy (29 października 1948)
 Order Czerwonej Gwiazdy (28 listopada 1941)
 Order Znak Honoru (29 grudnia 1944)

Bibliografia
 http://www.knowbysight.info/BBB/12517.asp (ros.)

Funkcjonariusze NKWD
Odznaczeni Orderem Czerwonego Sztandaru
Odznaczeni Orderem Czerwonego Sztandaru Pracy
Odznaczeni Orderem Czerwonej Gwiazdy
Odznaczeni Orderem Lenina
Odznaczeni Orderem Wojny Ojczyźnianej I klasy
Odznaczeni Orderem "Znak Honoru"
Urodzeni w 1901
Zmarli w 1977


text:
In chemistry, photoisomerization is a form of isomerization induced by photoexcitation. Both reversible and irreversible photoisomerizations are known for photoswitchable compounds. The term "photoisomerization" usually, however, refers to a reversible process.

Applications
Photoisomerization of the compound retinal in the eye allows for vision.

Photoisomerizable substrates have been put to practical use, for instance, in pigments for rewritable CDs, DVDs, and 3D optical data storage solutions. In addition, interest in photoisomerizable molecules has been aimed at molecular devices, such as molecular switches, molecular motors, and molecular electronics.

Another class of device that uses the photoisomerization process is as an additive in liquid crystals to change their linear and nonlinear properties. Due to the photoisomerization is possible to induce a molecular reorientation in the liquid crystal bulk, which is used in holography, as spatial filter or optical switching.

Examples
Azobenzenes, stilbenes, spiropyrans, are prominent classes of compounds subject to photoisomerism.

In the presence of a catalyst, norbornadiene converts to quadricyclane via ~300nm UV radiation . When converted back to norbornadiene, quadryicyclane's ring strain energy is liberated in the form of heat (ΔH = −89 kJ/mol). This reaction has been proposed to store solar energy (photoswitchs).

Photoisomerization behavior can be roughly categorized into several classes. Two major classes are trans–cis (or E–Z) conversion, and open-closed ring transition. Examples of the former include stilbene and azobenzene. This type of compounds has a double bond, and rotation or inversion around the double bond affords isomerization between the two states. Examples of the latter include fulgide and diarylethene. This type of compounds undergoes bond cleavage and bond creation upon irradiation with particular wavelengths of light. Still another class is the di-π-methane rearrangement.

Coordination chemistry
Many complexes are often photosensitive and many of these complexes undergo photoisomerization.  One case is the conversion of the colorless cis-bis(triphenylphosphine)platinum chloride to the yellow trans isomer.

Some coordination complexes undergo change in their spin state upon illumination, i.e. these are photosensitive spin crossover complexes.

See also
Photochromism

References

Chemical reactions


text:
Ronald Crosby (born March 2, 1955) is a former American football linebacker who played six seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the New Orleans Saints and New York Jets. He was drafted by the Detroit Lions in the fifth round of the 1977 NFL Draft. He played college football at Pennsylvania State University and attended South Allegheny Middle/Senior High School in McKeesport, Pennsylvania. Crosby was also a member of the Pittsburgh Maulers and Baltimore Stars of the United States Football League.

References

External links
Just Sports Stats
USFL trading card

Living people
1955 births
Players of American football from Pennsylvania
American football linebackers
Penn State Nittany Lions football players
New Orleans Saints players
New York Jets players
Pittsburgh Maulers players
Philadelphia/Baltimore Stars players
Sportspeople from McKeesport, Pennsylvania


text:
Claudio Cabán (born August 25, 1963) is a retired Puerto Rican marathon runner. He competed for his native country in the men's marathon at the 1984 Summer Olympics, finishing in 53rd place. He set his personal best in the classic distance (2:20.45) in 1983.

Achievements

References
 sports-reference

1963 births
Living people
Puerto Rican male marathon runners
Puerto Rican male long-distance runners
Olympic track and field athletes of Puerto Rico
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics


text:
John Lesinski Jr. (December 28, 1914 in Detroit – October 21, 2005 in Dearborn) was a U.S. Congressman for seven terms from the state of Michigan. He was the son of John Lesinski Sr.  He was of Polish descent.

Life and career

Lesinski was born in Detroit. At the age of eleven years, he moved with his parents to Dearborn. He attended parochial schools, SS. Cyril and Methodius Seminary in Orchard Lake, and graduated from Fordson High School in Dearborn. At the age of eighteen years, he enlisted in the United States Navy as an apprentice seaman and served from 1933 to 1937.

He was called to active duty again in February 1941, and served during World War II until October 1945. He was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal and Purple Heart Medal. He was vice president of Hamtramck Lumber Company from 1939 to 1943 and again from 1951 to 1954, as well as president of Dearborn Properties.

Lesinski's father, John Lesinski Sr., died in May 1950, leaving his seat in Congress vacant. In November 1950, Lesinski Jr. was elected as a Democrat from Michigan's 16th congressional district to the 82nd United States Congress and to the six succeeding Congresses, serving from January 3, 1951, to January 3, 1965.

He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination to the 89th Congress in 1964, losing to fellow Democrat John Dingell. Lesinski was one of the few Northern Democrats to oppose the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Dingell was the incumbent U.S. Representative from Michigan's 15th congressional district, but portions of the 16th and the 15th districts were combined into a redrawn 16th district for the 1964 elections.

He was a member of the board of commissioners of Wayne County from 1968 to 1973.

References

The Political Graveyard
Remarks by John Dingell Jr. on the death of John Lesinski Jr.

Further reading

1914 births
2005 deaths
SS. Cyril and Methodius Seminary alumni
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Politicians from Detroit
American politicians of Polish descent
Fordson High School alumni
Recipients of the Navy and Marine Corps Medal
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan
20th-century American politicians
United States Navy sailors


text:
Der River Avon [] (britannisch avon "Fluss") ist ein etwa 96 km langer Fluss im Süden Englands in der Grafschaft Hampshire.

Verlauf
Der River Avon entspringt nahe dem Ort Devizes in der Grafschaft Wiltshire, fließt durch Amesbury, Salisbury, Fordingbridge und Ringwood und mündet in Christchurch in der Grafschaft Dorset in den Ärmelkanal.

Der River Avon bewältigt einen Höhenunterschied von rund 150 m. Zu den Nebenflüssen gehören River Bourne, River Wylye und River Stour. Der Fluss ist heute nicht mehr schiffbar; im 17. Jahrhundert war er auf einer Strecke von 58 km zwischen Salisbury und Christchurch ausgebaut worden und wurde 1684 für die Schifffahrt eröffnet. Im 18. Jahrhundert ließ der Verkehr jedoch nach; außerdem zerstörten immer wieder auftretende Fluten die Ausbauarbeiten.

Weblinks

0Avon Fluss Hampshirt
Gewässer in Hampshire
Gewässer in Dorset (Unitary Authority)
Gewässer in Wiltshire (Unitary Authority)
Gewässername keltischer Herkunft
Gewässer in Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole


text:
Miloš Adamović (Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Aдaмoвић; born 19 June 1988 in Šabac, SR Serbia) is a Serbian footballer who currently plays for Mačva Šabac.

Career
In February 2011, he was loaned to Polish club Polonia Warsaw on a half-year deal.

During the 2013 Adamović signed for Ravan Baku of the Azerbaijan Premier League. His first game and first goal for Ravan Baku in an Azerbaijan Premier League against Turan Tovuz PFC.
In May 2014 Adamović left Ravan Baku and joined Hapoel Petah Tikva on a one-year contract. On 12 July, before he made his official debut in Hapoel Petah Tikva, he was released.

In July 2014, Adamović signed for Serbian SuperLiga newcomers Mladost Lučani.

Career statistics

Honours

Club
Sheriff Tiraspol
Divizia Naţională (1): 2009–10
Moldovan Cup (1): 2009–10

References

External links

 Player Profile | www.divizianationala.com
 Profile and stats at Srbijafudbal.

1988 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Šabac
Serbian footballers
Association football midfielders
OFK Beograd players
FK Palilulac Beograd players
FK Dinamo Vranje players
FK Mladost Lučani players
FC Sheriff Tiraspol players
FC Taraz players
Polonia Warsaw players
Ravan Baku FC players
Vasas SC players
Ekstraklasa players
Serbian SuperLiga players
Moldovan Super Liga players
Azerbaijan Premier League players
Kazakhstan Premier League players
Serbian expatriate footballers
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Moldova
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Azerbaijan
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
Expatriate footballers in Moldova
Expatriate footballers in Poland
Expatriate footballers in Kazakhstan
Expatriate footballers in Azerbaijan
Expatriate footballers in Hungary
FK Radnik Surdulica players
FK Mačva Šabac players


text:
Ascolepis är ett släkte av halvgräs. Ascolepis ingår i familjen halvgräs.

Kladogram enligt Catalogue of Life:

Källor

Halvgräs
Ascolepis


text:
O Trecento (em português, 'trezentos') é o período da História da Arte que se segue ao período da Idade Média na Itália. A diferença está relacionada com a passagem para o Renascimento, que transformará todo o panorama artístico europeu. Refere-se a todo o século XIV italiano, e antecede o que se chama de Quattrocento (século XV), a primeira fase do Renascimento.

É importante ressaltar que o Trecento é um fenômeno italiano, que ocorreu principalmente na cidade de Florença, centro político, econômico e cultural do país. A arte desse período é, em termos gerais, um segmento que passa pelas artes paleocristã, bizantina e gótica para então chegar ao Renascimento. As pinturas mostram vários trípticos e usam simples folhas de ouro que representam o caráter de Deus. As paredes dos monastérios da Toscana estão decorados com afrescos desta época. Entre os florentinos especializados em afrescos, destaca-se o nome de Giotto, a quem se atribuem as soberbas obras da Cappella degli Scrovegni e a série sobre a vida de São Francisco de Assis. Giotto inaugura a tridimensionalidade da arte mural, dando assim corte radical com a arte bizantina e abrindo caminho para o Renascimento.

Contexto histórico do período
As construções e alterações políticas do século XIV trouxeram grande impacto na arte. Em 323 d.C., a capital do Império Romano é alterada de Roma para Bizâncio, se tornando a chamada Constantinopla (que hoje representa a região de Istambul, Turquia). Depois de seu estabelecimento, que inicialmente era um ponto estratégico na Europa, o Império Romano acaba por ruir, sendo divido em Ocidental e Oriental (Bizantino), sendo que a parcela do Ocidente é a primeira a sucumbir devido às invasões bárbaras. O Império Oriental se mantém sob comando do imperador Justiniano, apenas se fragmentando e caindo em declínio total em 1453 a partir do momento em que os turcos tomam posse de Constantinopla.

A ramificação do Império Romano é o principal divisor de águas no que se diz a respeito da religião padrão do Império. A partir do momento em que se transfere para o Oriente, há um conflito entre a igreja Católica e a igreja Ortodoxa com base em suas origens que impedia a união entre elas. O aspecto religioso passa a ser decidido pela vassalagem dos Estados.

Características da arte no período

Como observado pela história do período, pode-se dizer que a arte do Trecento está diretamente ligada a ideia do sagrado e do religioso. A arte do Trecento está ligada a estilos artísticos que não são exatamente originários da Itália, porém, a maneira em como essa arte se manifesta no país é o que confere a ela participação nesse período, em especial na região da Florença onde a arte se desenvolve.

A narrativa é um dos principais elementos no que se refere a arte do Trecento. Sabendo que ela é pensada por princípios principalmente de cunho religioso, há uma necessidade de se fazer uma linear para então representar passagens bíblicas por meio da arte. Obras como "Entrada de Cristo em Jerusalém" de Giotto e "Cristo Entrando em Jerusalém" de Duccio são exemplos da propensão ao se buscar falar do religioso, no caso, o cristianismo que aparece como base religiosa na Europa.

Um fato interessante sobre o período é que o sentimentalismo, em especial, à compaixão, começa a se perder na arte do século XIV durante o "tardo-Trecento" em contraste com o aumento de artes mais dinâmicas e expressivas, que ressaltam a presença da violência e do mundano - ou, em um termo mais simples, humano. É pela forma em que artistas como Giotto e Masaccio passam a produzir artes que se relacionam com a história cristã que nota-se a transição dessa conjunção de artes religiosas para as temáticas pautadas na antiguidade clássica presentes no Renascimento.

Isso pode ser confirmado diante de peças como o "Caminho para o Calvário" de Simone Martini, um quadro em que há a figura de Jesus como central sendo rodeado de pessoas conduzidas por guardas ao que o título indica, caminhando para o calvário. Não só a imagem é uma representação da marcha para a crucificação de Cristo, o qual passa por um trajeto sofrido, mas a própria construção do quadro traz uma sensação de sufoco ao se observar as expressões detalhadas das coadjuvantes da obra, retratadas de uma forma característica de Martini, "os traços vigorosos e os gestos e as expressões dramáticas".

Arquitetura
A arquitetura do Trecento irá se manifestar principalmente nas catedrais italianas, misturando estilos das artes que compõem esse período.

Durante a arte paleocristã, o que antes era o impedimento da liberdade de culto e a reunião de fiéis para realizar celebrações religiosas se transforma completamente, e a arquitetura passa a contribuir como forma de visibilizar a oficialização da fé pelo Estado. Para tal, são criados os modelos das basílicas, tornando-se referência padrão da arquitetura sacra na Europa Ocidental, sendo a Basílica de São Pedro (São Pedro de Roma) a mais conhecida. As características desses espaços é similar às basílicas pagãs: a presença de uma "nave central, flanqueada pelas naves laterais (colaterais) e iluminada pelas janelas do clerestório (janelas altas)" sendo modificadas de modo em que se criou "um novo ponto de convergência, o altar, colocado à frente da abside, do lado oriental da nave, ficando as portas [...] na fachada ocidental, e o edifício orientado segundo o eixo longitudinal".

O principal referencial relacionada à arte bizantina é a Basílica de São Vital (São Vitale de Ravena), igreja do imperador Justiniano, que inclusive está representado por mosaicos sendo um deles com a imperatriz Teodora e o outro é ele cercado pelo bispo, guardas reais e diáconos. A basílica é construída a partir da ideia de plano central com uma forma octagonal, coberto por uma cúpula. Sua construção permite "um efeito espacial mais rico; embaixo das janelas altas, a parede da nave octagonal abre-se em nichos semicirculares que penetram na colateral, ligando-a ao espaço central de um modo novo e complexo." O interior da igreja também inclui um segundo andar, além de abóbodas mais leves para melhorar a luminosidade no interior da capela.

Devido à suas referências francesas, a arquitetura gótica irá se manifestar, assim como a arte bizantina, por meio das igrejas e catedrais. Ela irá penetrar na Itália a partir das ordens monásticas de Assis, a exemplo da Abadia de Fossanova e a Igreja Santa Croce de Florença. A ordem franciscana se conecta com os monumentos góticos por eles repassarem uma impressão de simplicidade semelhante ao propósito da ordem - respectivamente, a falta de torres na fachada, janelas pequenas e abóbadas de aresta em Fossanova; e a falta de abóbadas nas naves substituídas por tetos de madeira em Santa Croce.

Escultura

A escultura bizantina do Trecento representa uma inauguração da arte cristã, cujas primeiras obras são os sarcófagos destinados a membros da congregação que possuíam um status social e econômico superior. A considerada primeira obra cristã e, consequentemente, o melhor exemplo da escultura pela arte bizantina é Sarcófago de Júnio Basso, destinado ao prefeito de Roma Júnio Basso. Essa imagem cunhada em mármore mistura momentos do Velho e Novo Testamento. O intuito da obra é demonstrar a tranquilidade e sabedoria, além do conceito de redenção pela religião.

Apesar de existirem referências grandes incluídas na arte bizantina, a escultura do período tem maior destaque na arte gótica, cujas características incluem peças que possuem como foco principal a questão da profundidade. Geralmente, a natureza das esculturas italianas são caracterizadas por possuir "uma atmosfera espaçosa, até mesmo imprecisa, que envolve as cenas romanas". Em "A Natividade", de Nicola Pisano, no entanto, contrário a esse padrão, observa-se "uma espécie de caixa pouco profunda, abarrotada de imagens sólidas que não apenas contam a história da Natividade, mas também todos os episódios a ela associados". É interessante ressaltar que essa fuga do padrão é o que dá o valor de representação a essa obra, algo que não possui semelhante.

Com características diferentes, porém com importância semelhante, "O Sacrifício de Isaac" de Lorenzo Ghiberti, possui o conceito da "profundidade espacial", sendo um fenômeno inédito na história da arte devido a seu "fundo plano e sem relevos" é visto como "um espaço vazio do qual figuras emergem em direção ao espectador". É possível dizer que essa arte seja o ponto de introdução ao Renascentismo por conta de suas características que se assemelham quanto a representação de figuras de uma forma mais profunda e aberta.

Literatura
Durante o período do Trecento, manifesta-se na literatura florença três tipos textuais: a biografia, autobiografia e crônica. A importância desses gêneros na época seria para fins de registro e arquivação de feitos de homens que "procuraram interpretar as suas ações e os seus gestos com um profundo senso histórico."

A biografia durante o Trecento pode ser caracterizada por uma mudança em um estilo que já era comum entre os autores italianos - os textos simples descritivos tornam uma proporção maior e passam a ser "um impulso biográfico, intimamente ligado à paixão dos homens pela fama, perpassado por um profundo senso histórico, observa a importância da ação humana no mundo, ao mesmo tempo em que não descuida de apresentar os meandros de sua vida interior." Dentre esses trabalhos, o mais importante e considerado sendo a primeira biografia autêntica é "Trattatello in laude di Dante" escrita por Giovanni Boccaccio em 1364 sobre o poeta Dante Alighieri, incluindo alguns estudos sobre A Divina Comédia.

Também trabalhadas com relação à Dante, as autobiografias trazem novamente o conceito dos feitos do homem na história. "Vita nuova" é uma obra na qual Dante escreve sobre uma paixão e dialoga com si mesmo. A primeira autobiografia de fato do Trecento no entanto, será "Lettera ai posteri" escrita por Francesco Petrarca, discorrendo sobre sua vida e seu significado durante sua velhice, reavaliando conceitos de sua vida como a noção de riqueza e poder, sendo uma obra de referência para autobiografias.

Por fim, as crônicas surgem para narrar eventos de destaque e significação em Florença. As "Croniche" de Matteo Palmieri e "Decadi" de Biondo da Forli são as principais referências neste segmento. A ótica destes autores em relação ao dia-a-dia de Florença tornam-se aspectos importantes de estudo para entender o comportamento da época, como a obra "Vite degli uomini illustri fiorentini" por Filippo Villani se propõe a analisar.

Observando o ímpeto de se ter registrado o que é histórico, a literatura acaba sendo complementar ao propósito da arte do Trecento em geral, visando a questão da narrativa para retratar a existência e grandeza do homem.

Música
A música do Trecento está presente dentre 1325 à 1420 que entre suas 600 composições que sobreviveram ao tempo, excluindo peças instrumentais e de músicas sagradas, das quais não existe muito registro. A música italiana do Trecento pode ser caracterizada com "um ritmo que geralmente segue uma escala para baixo mas que infusa vida para suas linhas por meio de parceiros de um embelezamento florido", sendo um tipo de música que é "mais fracionada do que a música francesa" que por sua vez "se retinha à frases balanceadas".

Pintura e mosaico
Em relação à pintura do Trecento, pela arte paleocristã, a pintura se manifestava mais na forma de mosaicos, devido a necessidade de decoração que surge com o crescimento da arquitetura cristã monumental, ainda que o mosaico seja uma arte mais cara, aproximadamente o quádruplo da pintura de afresco em si, com a aplicação feita de tesselas de pasta de vidro colorido, que tem como objetivo criar uma ilusão visual para quem observa a obra. O mosaico também irá se manifestar na arte bizantina, com a permanência dos mesmos temas e sendo feitos para igrejas majoritariamente.

O mosaico é um elemento artístico essencial para se tratar das basílicas que surgem no Trecento, ao ponto em que a presença do mosaico pode ser tratado até como uma "exigência". Pela arte paleocristã, há uma abundância de mosaicos que ilustram passagens bíblicas do Antigo e Novo Testamento. As obras são construídas por cubos de tessela feitos de vidro com cores brilhantes, cujo objetivo é agir como um refletor da luz. A Basílica de Santo Apolinário de Classe é o principal reduto para se observar o mosaico paleocristão. Já na arte bizantina, se retoma às obras em homenagem aos imperadores, sendo a principal a arte de Justiniano e seu séquito presente na Basílica de São Vital.

A partir do movimento gótico, a pintura passa a ser fortemente representada pelos afrescos e retábulos. As pinturas aparecem na forma de painéis, mosaicos e murais, também conhecidos pelos italianos como "maneira grega". Partindo do conceito de se passar uma história através da arte do período, "a Bíblia estava sendo recontada de uma forma que convidava a empatia do leitor e oferecia não só detalhes, mas também estimulava participação simpática e afetiva".

No final do Trecento, é reconhecível que a pintura inaugurada principalmente por Giotto deu origem a uma nova era da pintura no mundo. Elementos da pintura gótica a serem destacados nesse período estão presentes ao se observar os principais artistas desse momento. Giotto se destaca entre os artistas por sua audácia e emoção: as paisagens de suas obras são reduzidas o mínimo possível; "as formas amplas e simples, o forte agrupamento das figuras, a profundidade limitada do 'palco'" trazem à tona os personagens da obra, fazendo com que haja um impacto envolvido que traga o sentimento de drama presente nos seus trabalhos. Duccio por sua vez é especializado em técnicas do ilusionismo helenístico-romano e isso lhe confere a capacidade de criar profundidade em suas obras, "os corpos, faces e mãos começam a ganhar volume como uma sutil vida tridimensional."

Observando em um quadro geral, a pintura do Trecento pode então ser caracterizada pela sua temática de cunho religioso e pelas obras que geram um grande aprofundamento emotivo. A arte pictórica desse período também é evidenciada em estudos como uma forma de estabelecer uma conexão entre a audiência e as figuras espirituais representadas.

Principais artistas do período
 Giotto di Bondone
 Duccio
 Simone Martini
 Pietro e Ambrogio Lorenzetti (Irmãos Lorenzetti)
 Cimabue

Bibliografia

JANSON, H. W.. «História Geral da Arte: O Mundo Antigo e a Idade Média». adap. LEAL, Basílio Balthazar. ed. 2. São Paulo. Martins Fontes. 2001.
DUCHET, Robert. «Características dos Estilos». trad. GALVÃO, Maria Ermantina. ed. 2. São Paulo. Martins Fontes. 2001.
JANSON, H. W.; JANSON, Anthony E.. «Iniciação à História da Arte». trad. CAMARGO, Jefferson Luiz. ed. 3. São Paulo. Martins Fontes. 2009.
DUBY, Georges; LACLOTTE, Michel. «História Artística da Europa: A Idade Média». tomo I, ed. 2. São Paulo. Editora Paz e Terra. 2002.

Pintura da Idade Média


text:
La Resolució 447 del Consell de Seguretat de les Nacions Unides, aprovada el 28 de març de 1979 després d'escoltar les representacions de la República Popular d'Angola i l'Organització Popular d'Àfrica del Sud-Oest (SWAPO), el Consell va recordar les resolucions  387 (1976) i 428 (1978) i condemnà Sud-àfrica per les seves incursions contínues en violació directa de les resolucions anteriors.

La Resolució 447 pretenia condemnar la repressió del poble de Namíbia per Sud-àfrica, l'apartheid i la militarització d'Àfrica del Sud-oest (Namíbia). El Consell va exigir Sud-àfrica respectar la integritat territorial d'aquests estats, i va elogiar Angola i altres estats fronterers pel seu suport del poble de Namíbia, demanant als altres estats que els proporcionessin assistència.

La resolució va acabar amb una petició al Secretari General que presentés un informe sobre la situació el 30 d'abril de 1979.

La Resolució del Consell 447 va ser adoptada per 12 vots a favor i cap en contra; França, el Regne Unit i els Estats Units es van abstenir.

Vegeu també
 Llista de resolucions del Consell de Seguretat de les Nacions Unides 401 a la 500 (1976 - 1982)
 Guerra de la frontera de Sud-àfrica

Enllaços externs
  Text de la Resolució a UN.org

Resolucions del Consell de Seguretat de les Nacions Unides sobre la guerra de la frontera de Sud-àfrica
Resolucions del Consell de Seguretat de les Nacions Unides de 1979


text:
Pharsalia pulchra is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Charles Joseph Gahan in 1888. It is known from Malaysia, Cambodia, China, Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam.

Subspecies
 Pharsalia pulchra niasica Aurivillius, 1920
 Pharsalia pulchra pulchra Gahan, 1888

References

pulchra
Beetles described in 1888


text:
Carl Johan Hammarström (i riksdagen kallad Hammarström i Köping), född 30 april 1842 i Fellingsbro, död 23 april 1926 i Köping, var en svensk hovslagare och politiker (liberal).

Carl Johan Hammarström verkade som hovslagare i Köping, där han också var kommunalt verksam och aktiv i den lokala baptistförsamlingen. Han var riksdagsledamot i andra kammaren 1892–1908, fram till 1896 för Västerås och Köpings valkrets och från 1897 för Köpings, Nora, Lindesbergs och Enköpings valkrets. Han anslöt sig 1895 till det nybildade liberala riksdagspartiet Folkpartiet och följde med då detta parti uppgick i Liberala samlingspartiet 1900.

I riksdagen var han bland annat suppleant i bevillningsutskottet 1903–1905 och 1908 samt suppleant i konstitutionsutskottet 1906–1907. Han var aktiv i socialpolitiska frågor, till exempel för statsbidrag till sjukkassor.

Källor
 Tvåkammarriksdagen 1867–1970 (Almqvist & Wiksell International 1988), band 1, s. 436

Noter

Ledamöter av Sveriges riksdags andra kammare för Folkpartiet (1895–1900)
Ledamöter av Sveriges riksdags andra kammare för Liberala samlingspartiet
Personer från Fellingsbro socken
Födda 1842
Avlidna 1926
Män


text:
Wilhelm Schubert ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Wilhelm Schubert (Theologe) (1810–1873), deutscher Theologe und Dichter
 Wilhelm Schubert (Politiker) (1813–1893), deutscher Politiker, Bürgermeister von Lahr
 Wilhelm Schubert (General) (1879–1972), deutscher General und Wirtschaftsorganisator
 Wilhelm Schubert (Grafiker) (1889–1962), deutscher Grafiker
 Wilhelm Schubert (SS-Mitglied) (1917–2006), deutscher SS-Oberscharführer
 Wilhelm Julius Ludwig von Schubert (1755–1835), deutscher Jurist und Regierungsbeamter

Siehe auch:
 Wilhelm Schubart


text:
Joseph Pellerin (1684–1783) was a French Intendant-General of the Navy, first Commissioner of the Navy as well as a celebrated numismatic pioneer.

Pellerin was born at Marly, near Versailles 27 April 1684 and died 2 August 1783 at his château of Plainville in Picardy.

Youth and career

In his youth his principal studies were in the modern and classical languages, which included French, English, Spanish, Italian, Arabic, Latin, Greek, Hebrew and Syriac as well as others, and it was to his precocious expertise in these that he owed his admission to the offices of the Ministry of the Marine (as the Navy was called in France) in 1706, where he became employed in correspondence. Having in 1709 succeeded (despite the previous failure of trained cryptographers) to decipher some coded letters seized from a Spanish frigate concerning the Archduke Charles of Austria (one of the pretenders to the Spanish throne, the other being Louis XIV's nephew the Duke of Anjou; this being the cause of the ongoing Wars of the Spanish Succession), by this astonishing feat he caught the attention of then Naval Minister Pontchartrain who named him cabinet secretary.

He enjoyed similar favour in the succeeding ministries: under Louis XIV's legitimated son the Count of Toulouse he was named Commissioner of the Navy in 1718, and Maurepas elevated him to General Commissioner, and then First Commissioner. His detailed plans for the invasion of Britain to restore Bonnie Prince Charlie to the throne (and thus occupy British forces which were greatly hampering French colonial affairs), though supported by Maurepas went unexecuted by Louis XV (whether out of disregard, pique against Maurepas, personally, or for another reason remains in debate). They may be consulted in the Maurepas Papers at Cornell University.

After a very successful career he sought an early retirement in 1745 citing health problems due to overwork. In fact he remained on as a greatly valued expert consultant for several years afterwards, his positions having gradually been formally assumed by his son Joseph Jr., who received letters-patent of nobility in recognition of two generations' of his family's service to the crown in 1740.

Pioneer of numismatics
Pellerin Sr. thus eventually became free to follow his true passion, which was the study of ancient (principally Greek) coins. Tradition has it that he encouraged the sailors of the French Mediterranean Fleet to buy up such ancient coins as they found on offer throughout their range, which he guaranteed to buy back from them at double the purchase price. In this way he gradually accumulated what became the largest and most valuable collection of ancient Greek coins ever to be held in private hands to that date, amounting to 33,500 coins which he ultimately sold to Louis XVI in 1776 for £300,000 . This notable collection, housed in massive original marquetry and ormolu cases in the Louis Quinze style, still forms a nucleus of the collection of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France and may be viewed in the old buildings on the Rue de Richelieu in Paris to this day.

Pellerin's study brought great advances to the science of numismatics. Through the publication of his enormous ten-volume catalogue of ancient Greek coins (Paris: Chez H. L. Guerin & L. F. Delatour, 1762–1778, 10 vol. in-4º. pl), which were in fact a catalogue raisonné of his own immense collection, he brought clarity to this muddied field by being the first to arrange the many thousands of issues geographically as well as chronologically. His identification of many puzzling pieces were a testimony to his rare powers of observation and perspicacity. He could be said to have cleared a path for the famous Eckhel. Such errors that slipped into his great work were later caught by Khell, Barthélemy (who was to negotiate the purchase of the collection for the King), Swinton and the Abbé Leblond.

He grew progressively more blind from the time of his retirement from public service and was almost completely blind at the time of his death, a near-centenarian in 1782. He found, however, a way to turn this handicap to profit, working on the succeeding volumes of his opus by day as easily as by night, writing his text on a thin ribbon of paper that he pulled off one spool only to be wound back up onto another to be later transcribed by his secretary. His sense of touch became phenomenally acute and he was able to identify minor variants of certain coins by subtle tactile differences alone. The portrait displayed on the upper right side of this page, from the frontispiece to one of the volumes of his work shows him surrounded by some of his favourite coins and antiquities in 1780, when he was already over 98 years of age.

Family and legacy
Pellerin married into another Versailles family in 1714 when he wed Marie-Anne, niece of Michel-Richard Delalande, court composer to Louis XIV and one of the great exponents of the French baroque motet, among his many other masterpieces. His daughter, also called Marie-Anne, married Arnaud I de La Porte (or De Laporte) in 1737 who later inherited the Pellerin offices after the premature death of Joseph Jr. The La Porte brothers were to prove very influential in the development of French colonial policy, particularly towards New France (Quebec), Arnaud's younger brother Jean-Baptiste de La Porte-Lalanne being named special envoy to Quebec to look into the civil administration and to check into some alleged financial irregularities there. He later went on to become Commissioner of the French Leeward Islands, and Saint Domingue (Haiti).

Pellerin's grandson, Arnaud II de La Porte, after a brief stint as Minister of the Navy in 1789 became intendant of the Civil List in 1790. A close confidant of the beleaguered king, Louis XVI entrusted him with great sums of private money to be distributed toward the moderation of the rapidly radicalising revolutionary fervour. Despite a close collaboration with Mirabeau, and especially due to the latter's premature death, La Porte's efforts proved to be in vain, and he was arrested and convicted of treason against the Revolution becoming, on 23 August 1793 the second political victim of the guillotine. In a macabre gesture, his severed head was then presented to the King, imprisoned in the Temple, as a grisly birthday gift. His services and ultimate sacrifice were recalled during the restoration by the King's younger brother who had been crowned as Louis XVIII, and Pellerin's great-grandson Arnaud III de La Porte was created a baron in recognition, in 1822. That title remains in the family to this day.

Sources
Based on the Dictionnaire Biographique Universel, article by Louis-Mayeul Chaudon and Antoine-François Delandine, translated with background interpolations and additions by R. Sekulovich.

French numismatists
1684 births
1782 deaths
People from Marly-le-Roi


text:
Reginald Reuben Washington (born July 28, 1962 in New York City) is an American jazz bassist. He is the brother of drummer Kenny Washington.

Reggie and his brother Kenny played percussion instruments as The Washington Brothers from age seven. Soon after, Reggie took up cello and then both electric and double-bass. He began playing professionally as a bassist in the early 1980s, with Chico Hamilton for much of that decade, as well as with Ronald Shannon Jackson, Carlos Ward, Jean-Paul Bourelly, and Clyde Criner.

In the 1990s, Washington worked with Steve Coleman, Gene Lake, Branford Marsalis (in Buckshot LeFonque), Marvin "Smitty" Smith, Andy Milne, Don Byron, David Gilmore, Oliver Lake, Marc Ledford, Joseph Bowie, Cassandra Wilson, Ronnie Cuber, Greg Osby, and Uri Caine. He has also recorded as a leader, including of the group Reuben's Bass Choir, a group consisting of several basses and a drummer. In the 2000s he continued performing with Bourelly and Oliver Lake, as well as with Me'Shell Ndegeocello among others.

References

American jazz double-bassists
Male double-bassists
Musicians from New York City
Living people
1962 births
Jazz musicians from New York (state)
21st-century double-bassists
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
Buckshot LeFonque members


text:
Christophe-Ernest, 1st Count of Baillet (1668-1732) was a leading figure in the government of the Austrian Netherlands.

Family

Christophe-Ernest was born in Latour Castle on 1 September 1668 as youngest son of Maximilian II Antoine de Baillet, Lord of Latour. He died without heirs and his branch died out: the title of Count of Baillet passed to the heirs of his older brother. He resided in Mechelen until 1725.

Career
Charles II of Spain named Baillet to the Council of Luxembourg in 1699. In 1704 he was appointed to the Great Council of Mechelen, becoming president in 1716.

De Baillet played an important part in the trials of Frans Anneessens, in Brussels.

Rebelion of Mechelen
He was loyal to the crown during the anti-government disturbances of 1718 and played an important part in the protection of Mechelen, personally directing the successful defence of Mechelen's main square. De baillet received a delegation form the people and negotiated with them. Almost the negotiations failed when a child was shot: the mob was infuriated and the army decided to prepare the cannons in defence. However, de Baillet ran to one of the cannons and took the burning fuse, and put it out before the explosion. De Baillet was in the center of the battlefield trying to restore peace. The people who witnessed these courageous acts gained huge respect for the bravery of de Baillet. He succeeded to chase the regiments out of the city center and restore peace with the help of canon de Smet of the Cathedral chapter.
He received the official benediction and gratitude of Cardinal d'Alsace for his leadership. De Baillet reported these acts tot the emperor in Vienna, but requested the emperor to be mercyfull for his people. For this proof of alliance and loyalty to the emperor he was created 1st count of Baillet by order of Charles VI.

On 21 and 23 August 1720 the Great Council produced a total of 87 Death-penalties, confiscations and banishments. At the end both the cardinal and the de Baillet personally begged the emperor for mercy, in 1721 the emperor accepted this request of the president and the cardinal. Count de Baillet could proudly inform the Great Council of this imperial arrest. Jean Alphonse, 1st Count de Coloma, councillor of the Great Council, noted that he was greatly moved and exclaimed "This is the most beautiful day of my Life".

In 1725 Baillet became president of the Privy Council of the Habsburg Netherlands, heading the civilian government of the Austrian Netherlands until his death. Here for he left Mechelen, and historic writing mention that the city was very sad to see him leave.

He died on 2 June 1732 in Brussels and was buried in the Carmelite convent, but his grave has not survived.

References

Presidents of the Privy Council of the Habsburg Netherlands
Presidents of the Great Council
History of Mechelen
Counts of Baillet-Latour


text:
PureOS — это дистрибутив GNU/Linux, сфокусированный на конфиденциальности и безопасности, использующий среду рабочего стола GNOME. Он поддерживается компанией Purism для использования в ноутбуках и смартфонах компании Librem.

PureOS включает только cвободное и открытое программное обеспечение и входит в список свободных дистрибутивов GNU / Linux, опубликованных Фондом свободного программного обеспечения.

PureOS - это дистрибутив GNU / Linux на основе Debian, объединяющий пакеты программного обеспечения с открытым исходным кодом из основного архива Debian. Веб-браузер, используемый по умолчанию в PureOS, называется PureBrowser, являющийся форком Firefox, ориентированным на конфиденциальность. По умолчанию в PureBrowser используется поисковая система DuckDuckGo.

PureOS 9.0 Hephaestus является первым финальным выпуском, вышедшим из стадии бета-версии PureOS.

Примечания

Дистрибутивы Linux
Операционные системы повышенной защищённости


text:
Laviai Nielsen (ur. 13 marca 1996) – brytyjska lekkoatletka specjalizująca się w biegach sprinterskich.

Wraz z koleżankami z reprezentacji zdobyła srebro w biegu rozstawnym 4 × 400 metrów na juniorskich mistrzostwach świata w Eugene (2014). Mistrzyni Europy juniorów na dystansie 400 metrów oraz w sztafecie 4 × 400 metrów (2015). W 2017 startowała na halowych mistrzostwach Europy w Belgradzie, podczas których indywidualnie była czwarta w biegu na 400 metrów, a wchodząc w skład brytyjskiej sztafety 4 × 400 metrów wywalczyła srebrny medal. Na mistrzostwach świata w Londynie w tym samym roku i dwa lata później w halowych mistrzostwach Europy w Glasgow zdobyła kolejne dwa srebrne krążki w biegu rozstawnym 4 × 400 metrów.

Medalistka mistrzostw Wielkiej Brytanii.

Lekkoatletykę uprawia także jej siostra bliźniaczka Lina Nielsen.

Osiągnięcia

Rekordy życiowe
 bieg na 400 metrów (stadion) – 50,83 (2019)
 bieg na 400 metrów (hala) – 51,90 (2017)

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Brytyjscy sprinterzy
Brytyjscy olimpijczycy
Lekkoatleci na Letnich Igrzyskach Olimpijskich 2020
Medaliści Mistrzostw Świata w Lekkoatletyce 2017
Urodzeni w 1996


text:
Baẖan (hebreiska: בחן) är en ort i Israel.   Den ligger i distriktet Centrala distriktet, i den norra delen av landet. Baẖan ligger  meter över havet och antalet invånare är .

Terräng och klimat
Terrängen runt Baẖan är platt åt nordväst, men åt sydost är den kuperad. Den högsta punkten i närheten är  meter över havet,  km öster om Baẖan. Runt Baẖan är det tätbefolkat, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är Netanya,  km väster om Baẖan. Trakten runt Baẖan består till största delen av jordbruksmark.

Klimatet i området är tempererat. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är juli, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är januari, med  °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är januari, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är juli, med  mm nederbörd.

Kommentarer

Källor

Externa länkar

Orter i Centrala distriktet


text:
SystemVerilog est à la fois un langage de description, se basant pour cela sur Verilog, et un langage de vérification de matériel, permettant de faire de la simulation et vérification. Il est standardisé sous le numéro IEEE 1800 par l'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Historique
En 2020, le langage en était à la septième révision en 20 ans avec IEEE 1800-2017 publié en février 2018. Le développement de la norme est fait de façon transparente et collaborative, via le site accellera.mantishub.io

Description
Les fichiers de fonctions de SystemVerilog on l'extension .sv pour la partie logique et .svr pour la partie réelle. .

Le logiciel libre de simulation, Verilator supporte ce langage.

Annexes

Références

Bibliographie

Liens externes
 https://accellera.mantishub.io — Site du développement de la norme

Conception électronique
Langage informatique
Langage de vérification de matériel


text:
Rakia, Rakija, Rachiu or Raki (), is the collective term for fruit spirits (or fruit brandy) popular in the Balkans. The alcohol content of rakia is normally 40% ABV, but home-produced rakia can be stronger (typically 50%).

Etymology
Fruit spirits are known by similar names in many languages of the Balkans: ; ; ; ;  (/rɑːˈkiː/, /rɑːˈkuː/, /rɑːˈkɜːr/). Similar drinks include sadjevec in Slovenia, 'țuică (or pălincă) in Romania, and pálenka in Slovakia and the Czech Republic.

Overview
Rakija is produced from fermented and distilled fruits, typically plums and grapes, but also apricots, pears, cherries or raspberries. Other fruits but less commonly used are peaches, apples, figs, blackberries, and quince. Common flavours are šljivovica and țuică, produced from plums, kajsija, produced from apricots, or grozdova/lozova in Bulgaria, raki rrushi in Albania and Kosovo, lozovača/komovica in Croatia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina all produced from grapes. These are the same as "Zivania" in Cyprus.

Similar spirits are produced in Romania, Moldova, Poland, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Bulgaria and the Caucasus. In Albania, rakia is most commonly made out of grapes in mild climate regions and out of plums (and sometimes out of mulberry, thanë (carnelian cherry), or walnuts) in colder climate areas.

Plum and grape rakia are sometimes mixed with other ingredients, such as herbs, honey, sour cherries and walnuts, after distillation.

Normally, rakia is colorless, unless herbs or other ingredients are added. Some types of rakia are kept in wooden barrels (oak or mulberry) for extra aroma and a golden color.

It is supposed to be drunk from special small glasses which hold from 30 to 50 ml.

Greek ouzo (from grape) and tsipouro (from pomace), Turkish rakı (from sun-dried grapes) and arak in Lebanon and Levant region differ from rakia as they are redistilled with some herbs (commonly anise). Some tsipouro in Greece is made without anise in the same manner as pomace rakia (or pomace brandy). "Boğma rakı" in Turkey (common name of the domestic raki which is produced at homes and villages) is similar to rakia in the Balkans.

By country

Albania
Raki () (a type of rakia) is a traditional drink in Albania. Until the 19th century, meyhanes would serve wine or meze. Rakia is deeply connected to the Albanian tradition and as such it is produced everywhere in Albania and Kosovo, sometimes professionally and sometimes in an artisanal way. Skrapar is a region of Albania known for the production of rakia. In fact, Skrapar spirit is very popular not only in Albania but also elsewhere in Europe. In every part of Albania, Skrapar spirit is always required in all festive ceremonies, as the best alcoholic beverage. Grapes are grown in pergolas that are arranged in tall trees such as oaks, plums, etc. Overall, the Skrapar area produces a strong spirit with an alcohol content of up to 45%. The most famous villages for the production of rakia are Zaberzan, Muzhakë, Rog, and Vendreshë. After the grapes are harvested, they are pressed and collected in wooden barrels. Today, plastic barrels are used. The crushed grape, at this stage is called bërsi, is left for 25 days, almost a month which is also the right time for fermentation. Proper grape fermentation is also understood by a strong characteristic odor. When this fermentation is achieved, the shoots are ready to produce spirit. The grape shoots are then boiled in tinned and sealed copper pots, the wood used must be oak wood which produces a lot of heat needed to turn the shoots into steam. These vapors then pass through copper pipes which pass through a cold container from where the opposite process is achieved, that of distillation, ie the return to liquid state of the vapors. At the bottom of the tube is placed a small nape from which the spirit flows into a glass or plastic container. The spirit is then stored in small glass bottles. Rakia is produced in a similar way in Kosovo, where it is usually served with meze. Rahovec is the best-known producer of rakia in the country and there is an annual festival dedicated to rakia.

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Rakija (Cyrillic: Ракија) is very popular and widespread in Bosnia and Herzegovina, just like in its neighboring countries. A major contributing factor to the production of rakija in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the diversity and availability of fruit in the valley of the river Drina and the untouched and very often wild nature in the mountains.
The traditional old craft of producing rakija has managed to survive long throughout time and it is still widely practiced. The production of homemade rakija for private use is the most popular.

Bulgaria

Bulgaria cites an old piece of pottery from the 14th century in which the word rakiya () is inscribed. The inscription on it reads: "I have celebrated with rakija." The country has taken measures to declare the drink as a national drink in the European Union to allow lower excise duty domestically but has yet yielded no concrete results. During an archaeological study, Bulgarian archaeologists discovered an 11th-century fragment of a distillation vessel used for the production of rakiya. Due to the age of the fragment, contradicting the idea that rakiya production only began in the 16th century, some historians believe this indicates that rakiya did originally come from Bulgaria.
The EU recognizes 12 brands of Bulgarian rakiya through the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) marks, which protect the name of products from a specific region that follow a traditional production process.

Serbia

Rakija () is one of the most popular alcoholic drinks in Serbia. It is the national drink of Serbia. According to Dragan Đurić, President of the Association of Producers of Natural Spirits, the EU protects the names of beverages by allowing the prefix Serbian. In Serbia there are 10,000 private producers of rakija. Two thousand are on the official register and only about a hundred cellars produce high-quality spirit. The most popular rakijas in Serbia are: "sljivovica"-it is made from plum, apricot rakija and pear rakija. Belgrade is the site of a Rakija museum. A 14th century Serbian source is the earliest confirmation of Rakija-making.

Croatia

Rakija is the most popular spirit in Croatia. Travarica (herbal rakija) is usually served at the beginning of the meal, together with dried figs. The Croatian Adriatic coast is known for a great variety of herbal rakija, some typical for only one island or group of islands. The island Hvar is famous for rakija with the addition of Myrtus (mrtina—bitter and dark brown). Southern islands, such as Korčula, and the city of Dubrovnik are famous for rakija with anise (aniseta), and in central Dalmatia the most popular rakija is rakija with walnuts (orahovica). It's usually homemade, and served with dry cookies or dried figs. In the summer, it's very typical to see huge glass jars of rakija with nuts steeping in the liquid on every balcony, because the process requires the exposure of orahovica to the sun. In the northern Adriatic—mainly Istria—rakija is typically made of honey (medica) or mistletoe (biska). Biska, which is yellow-brown and sweet, is a typical liquor of Istria. In the interior of the country a spirit called šljivovica (shlivovitza) is made from plums, and one called viljamovka (viliam-ovka) is made from Williams pears.
Croatia has EU Protected Geographical Indication of 6 rakija products (Zadarski maraschino ,Hrvatska travarica, Hrvatski pelinkovac, Hrvatska stara šljivovica, Slavonska šljivovica and Hrvatska loza).

Turkey
Raki or rakı (, , , ) is an unsweetened, occasionally (depending on area of production) anise-flavoured, alcoholic drink that is popular in Iran, Turkic countries, and in the Balkan countries as an apéritif. It is often served with seafood or meze. It is comparable to several other alcoholic beverages available around the Mediterranean and the Middle East, such as pastis, ouzo, sambuca, arak and aguardiente. In Turkey, it is considered a national drink.

North Macedonia
Rakija () is one of the most popular spirits in North Macedonia, with the most common types are yellow and white grape rakija.Tikves winery makes the most famous rakija which is made in Kavadarci. A lot of people in North Macedonia make homemade white rakija with natural process from grape distillate and add anise which gives sweetness. In industrial production, the percentage of alcohol in rakija is between 40 and 45 percent, but in domestic production, this percentage can be more than 60.

Romania and Moldova
In Romania and Moldova, the related word rachiu or rachie is used to refer to a similar alcoholic beverage as these neighboring countries, often a strong fruit-based spirit, usually from grapes. However, the more commonly used terms for similar popular beverages are țuică and palincă; țuică in particular is prepared only from plums. Additionally, the regional term vinars (literally "burnt-wine") in Romania, and divin in Moldova, can refer to brandy in general as well.

Greece
In Greece, raki (Greek: ρακή) ) is the most popular traditional Cretan spirit, also known as tsikoudia (Greek: τσικουδιά). The Greek raki is a pomace brandy made of twice-distilled grapes and is often produced at home in villages. It does not contain anise and is commonly served cold as an apéritif with seafood and meze, usually referred to as rakomezedes, or as a complimentary digestif with spoon sweets or fruit after a meal.

The Cretan raki is an integral element of the island's culture, identified by many as "the national drink of Crete" and linked to hospitality.

When offered, one should never deny a glass of it. Rakomelo (Greek: ρακόμελο) is also a popular spirit made by combining raki with honey (Greek: μέλι) and several spices, such as cinnamon, cardamom, or other regional herbs.

Serving
In North Macedonia it often served with pristine mountain sheep cheese, variety of salads such as shopska salad cabbage salad, yogurt and cucumber salad, root salads, olives dipped in olive oil, as well as yellow cheese kashkaval and less commonly with pork roast or dried pork meats.

In Bulgaria, rakiya is generally served with shopska salad, yogurt salad, pickled vegetables (turshiya) or other salads, which form the first course of the meal. Muskatova rakiya is made from Muscat grapes, while the preparation method of dzhibrova rakiya is the same as for Italian grappa.

In summer, rakiya is usually served ice cold, while in winter it's served "cooked" (Serbian: кувана / kuvana or грејана / grejana, Bulgarian: греяна (greyana), Croatian: kuhana, rakiya (also called Šumadija tea in Serbia). Rakiya is heated and sweetened with honey or sugar, with added spices. Heated in large kettles, it is often offered to visitors to various open-air festivities, especially in winter. It is similar to mulled wine, as weaker brands of rakiya are used (or stronger ones diluted with water).

Ritual use

Although wine is the essential part of the Eucharist rite in the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches in the region, rakia has found uses in certain religious and related rituals across the Balkans.

At the end of the Orthodox Christian burial service, at the exit from the cemetery, visitors are offered a piece of soda bread (pogača) and a glass of rakia. When drinking "for the soul" of the deceased, one spills some rakia on the ground, saying "For the peaceful rest of the soul", before drinking the rest.

During wedding ceremonies, the groom's father goes around all tables and offers a glass of rakia to all guests, sharing a toast for the happiness of the newlyweds. In general, in the Balkans, rakia is offered to guests in one's home as a welcoming gesture.

It is also used as a sacramental element in Bektashi and Alevi Jem ceremonies, where it is not considered alcoholic and is referred to as 'dem.'

Types
There are many kinds of rakia, depending on the fruit it is produced from:

Notes

See also

 Liqueur
 Pomace brandy
 Chacha (brandy)

Notes and references
Notes

References

External links

 Rakia as special drink

Albanian distilled drinks
Bosnia and Herzegovina distilled drinks
Bulgarian distilled drinks
Ceremonial food and drink
Croatian distilled drinks
Fruit brandies
Funeral food and drink
Guest greeting food and drink
Macedonian distilled drinks
Montenegrin distilled drinks
Romanian distilled drinks
Serbian distilled drinks
Slovenian distilled drinks
Turkish distilled drinks


text:
The Latimers : A Tale of the Western Insurrection of 1794 is an historical novel by the American writer and Presbyterian clergyman  Henry Christopher McCook (1837–1911) set in 1790s Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

The novel tells the story of Scotch-Irish American pioneers during the Whiskey Rebellion.

See also

Other novels that employ events of the Whiskey Rebellion:
 The Whiskey Rebels (2008)
 Wilderness Boy (1955)
 The Delectable Country (1939)

References

External links
The Latimers : A Tale of the Western Insurrection of 1794 (1898) (Historic Pittsburgh e-text)

1898 American novels
Novels set in Pittsburgh
Scotch-Irish American culture in Pennsylvania
Fiction set in the 1790s


text:
Owensville és una població dels Estats Units a l'estat de Missouri. Segons el cens del 2000 tenia una població de 2.500 habitants.

Demografia
Segons el cens del 2000, Owensville tenia 2.500 habitants, 1.059 habitatges, i 655 famílies. La densitat de població era de 477,8 habitants per km².

Dels 1.059 habitatges en un 30,5% hi vivien nens de menys de 18 anys, en un 47,8% hi vivien parelles casades, en un 11% dones solteres, i en un 38,1% no eren unitats familiars. En el 34% dels habitatges hi vivien persones soles el 21,1% de les quals corresponia a persones de 65 anys o més que vivien soles. El nombre mitjà de persones vivint en cada habitatge era de 2,3 i el nombre mitjà de persones que vivien en cada família era de 2,97.

Per edats la població es repartia de la següent manera: un 25,8% tenia menys de 18 anys, un 7,8% entre 18 i 24, un 25,7% entre 25 i 44, un 18,4% de 45 a 60 i un 22,3% 65 anys o més.

L'edat mediana era de 39 anys. Per cada 100 dones de 18 o més anys hi havia 79,3 homes.

La renda mediana per habitatge era de 26.913 $ i la renda mediana per família de 33.109 $. Els homes tenien una renda mediana de 30.162 $ mentre que les dones 20.068 $. La renda per capita de la població era de 15.208 $. Entorn de l'11% de les famílies i el 15,6% de la població estaven per davall del llindar de pobresa.

Poblacions més properes
El següent diagrama mostra les poblacions més properes.

Referències

Entitats de població del comtat de Gasconade


text:
L'écocatalyse, ou catalyse écologique, est une nouvelle approche scientifique qui combine écologie et chimie. Le principe consiste à restaurer des milieux pollués et dégradés à l'aide de plantes capables d'accumuler naturellement les éléments métalliques présents dans le sol ou l'eau, puis de les transformer en outils utiles pour la chimie. Ainsi, les biomasses utilisées et gorgées de métaux ne sont plus considérées comme des déchets contaminés, mais des réservoirs naturels d'éléments métalliques. Ils peuvent être transformés en excellents catalyseurs de réactions chimiques. Ces catalyseurs polymétalliques et biosourcés sont appelés écocatalyseurs, afin de rappeler leur origine écologique.

L'écocatalyse permet la préparation de biomolécules selon une approche respectueuse de l'environnement et bio-inspirée.

Elle a déjà conduit à la préparation d'une large variété d'écocatalyseurs performants, à réactivité modulable et contrôlée, tout en respectant les principes de la chimie verte et durable.

Elle a permis de revisiter les grands mécanismes de la synthèse organique (catalyse acide de Lewis, réactions de couplages, oxydoréductions vertes...) et a conduit au développement de catalyseurs de substitution aux oxydants interdits par REACH.

L'écocatalyse constitue une valorisation inédite des biomasses dérivées des écotechnologies de phytoextraction, rhizofiltration et biosorption.

Elle a été initiée en France par le laboratoire de Chimie Bio-inspirée et Innovations Ecologiques.

Notes et références

Écologie


text:
Francuski Medal Pamiątkowy Wojny 1939–1945 (fr. Médaille Commémorative Française de la Guerre 1939–1945) – francuskie pamiątkowe odznaczenie wojskowe za II wojnę światową.

Ustanowienie
Medal Pamiątkowy Wojny 1939–1945 został ustanowiony 21 maja 1946 dla upamiętnia udziału Francji w II wojnie światowej. Przyznawany był wszystkim Francuzom (także cudzoziemcom) walczącym na frontach tego konfliktu.

Okucia
Do odznaczenia przyznawane były okucia w kolorze niklu bądź srebra:
 FRANCE (pol. "Francja") – walki między 3 września 1939 a 25 czerwca 1940 (ofensywa w Saarze, I bitwa o Francję)
 NORVÈGE (pol. "Norwegia") – walki między 12 kwietnia a 17 czerwca 1940 (kampania norweska)
 AFRIQUE (pol. "Afryka") – walki między 25 czerwca 1940 a 13 maja 1943 (front afrykański)
 LIBÉRATION (pol. "Wyzwolenie") – walki między 25 czerwca 1940 a 8 maja 1945 (Ruch Oporu, bitwa o Korsykę, II bitwa o Francję)
 ALLEMAGNE (pol. "Niemcy") – walki między 14 września 1944 a 8 maja 1945 (kampania niemiecka)
 EXTRÊME-ORIENT (pol. "Daleki Wschód") – walki między 7 grudnia 1941 a 15 sierpnia 1945 (wojna na Pacyfiku)
 GRANDE-BRETAGNE (pol. "Wielka Brytania") – walki między 25 czerwca 1940 a 8 maja 1945 (min. bitwa o Brytanię)
 U.R.S.S. (pol. "ZSRR") – walki Pułku Normandia-Niemen na Froncie Wschodnim między 28 listopada 1942 a 8 maja 1945
 Atlantique (pol. "Atlantyk") – walki na Atlantyku między 3 września 1939 a 8 maja 1945
 Méditerranée (pol. "Morze Śródziemne") – walki na Morzu Śródziemnym między 3 września 1939 a 8 maja 1945
 Manche (pol. "La Manche") – walki na Kanale La Manche między 3 września 1939 a 8 maja 1945
 Mer du Nord (pol. "Morze Północne") – walki na Morzu Północnym między 3 września 1939 a 8 maja 1945
Weterani, którzy nie walczyli w żadnej z operacji wymienionej w okuciach otrzymali okucie z datą roczną służby: 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945.

Istniały również dwa rodzaje specjalnych okuć:
 DÉFENSE PASSIVE (pol. "Obrona Cywilna") – okucie przyznawana przez Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnętrznych od 2 sierpnia 1949 członkom Obrony Cywilnej uczestniczących w akcjach w czasie bombardowań i bitew, pracujących przy budowie umocnień i schronień a także posiadającym rentę inwalidzką
 ENGAGÉ VOLONTAIRE (po. "Żołnierz-Ochotnik") – przyznawane ludziom kwalifikującym się do tego tytułu

Dekretem z 10 października 1953 zlikwidowano okucie ITALIE (pol. "Włochy") przyznawaną za walki we Włoszech między 1 grudnia 1943 a 25 lipca 1944. Powodem tego było ustanowienie Medalu Pamiątkowego Kampanii Włoskiej.

Znane są także nieoficjalne okucia wykonywane przez grawerów na prośbę żołnierzy: ILE D'ELBE (pol. "Wyspa Elba") i AUTRICHE (pol. "Austria").

Wygląd odznaczenia
Oznaką medalu jest wykonany z brązu sześciokąt o wysokość 38 mm i szerokość 28 mm. Na awersie znajduje się krzyż lotaryński przed którym widnieje kogut galijski z rozpostartymi skrzydłami. Stoi on na złamanym łańcuchu. Na rewersie znajdują się napisy REPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE (Republika Francuska) i GUERRE 1939–1945 (Wojna 1939–1945). Noszony jest on na błękitnej wstążce z zielonymi pasami po bokach oddzielonymi od błękitu oraz krańca wstążki cienkim paskiem koloru czerwonego. Pośrodku wstążki wyhaftowane są czerwone litery V symbolizujące zwycięstwo.

Odznaczeni

Przypisy

Francuskie odznaczenia wojskowe


text:
Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Implantologie (DGI) bzw. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Implantologie im Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferbereich ist eine deutsche zahnmedizinische Fachgesellschaft im Bereich orale Implantologie. Sie ist eine assoziierte Fachgesellschaft in der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde (DGZMK), die als Dachgesellschaft 34 zahnmedizinische Fachgesellschaften, Arbeitskreise und Arbeitsgemeinschaften umfasst.  Sie wurde 1994 gegründet und ist als eingetragener Verein beim Amtsgericht München registriert.

Fortbildung und Qualifizierung
Im Rahmen der ärztlichen Fortbildung im Bereich Implantologie bietet sie ein (nicht-staatliches) Curriculum Implantologie an. In Zusammenarbeit mit der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde und der Akademie Praxis und Wissenschaft (APW) hat die DGI hierfür ein strukturiertes, zertifiziertes und firmenunabhängiges Fortbildungsangebot entwickelt, dass durch die APW angeboten wird. Das Curriculum Implantologie wendet sich als strukturierte postgraduale Ausbildung seit 1998 an Zahnärzte, die den Tätigkeitsschwerpunkt der DGI erlangen möchten. Daneben bietet die DGI unabhängige Einzelkurse in den Bereichen Zahnmedizin und Zahntechnik an. Diese Angebote richten sich nicht nur an Ärzte, sondern auch an Zahnmedizinische Fachangestellte und Zahnmedizinische Fachassistenten. Die DGI ist auch an dem Postgraduiertenstudiengang zum Master of Science in oraler Implantologie beteiligt, der erstmals 2005 an der privaten Steinbeis-Hochschule Berlin angeboten wurde und 24 Module umfasst. Die DGI ist ebenso an einem Masterstudiengang des Zahnärztlichen Universitäts-Instituts der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main beteiligt.

Wissenschaftlicher Beitrag
Weiterhin beteiligt sich die DGI im Rahmen der AWMF an der Erarbeitung von zahnmedizinischen Leitlinien

Weitere themenverwandte Fachgesellschaften
Daneben gibt es weitere deutsche Fachgesellschaften für Implantologie, die unabhängig von der DGI bestehen:
 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zahnärztliche Implantologie (DGZI)
 Deutsche Gesellschaft für orale Implantologie (DGOI)
 Bundesverband der implantologisch tätigen Zahnärzte (BdIZ)

Weblink
Homepage der DGI

Einzelnachweise

Zahnmedizinische Vereinigung
Gegründet 1994
Verein (München)


text:
Big Bend is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Wisconsin:

Big Bend, Rusk County, Wisconsin, a town
Big Bend, Waukesha County, Wisconsin, a village

nl:Big Bend (Wisconsin)
pt:Big Bend (Wisconsin)


text:
Oak Grove School ist der Name folgender im NRHP gelisteten Objekte:

 Oak Grove School (Alabama), ID-Nr. 98000108
 Oak Grove School (Arkansas), ID-Nr. 91000693
 Oak Grove School (North Carolina), ID-Nr. 02001668


text:
Biografia
Nato a Ponte di Legno, in provincia di Brescia, nel 1939, a 24 anni ha preso parte ai Giochi olimpici di , sia nel trampolino normale che in quello largo, terminando 28º con 197.3 punti nella prima gara e 13º con 205.9 nella seconda.

4 anni dopo ha partecipato di nuovo alle Olimpiadi, quelle di , ancora una volta in entrambe le gare, trampolino normale e largo, chiudendo rispettivamente 25º con 195.0 punti e 16º con 195.3.

Ai campionati italiani ha vinto 2 ori e 1 bronzo nel trampolino normale.

Note

Collegamenti esterni


text:
La 65.ª edición del Herald Sun Tour, fue una carrera de ciclismo en ruta por etapas que se celebró entre el 31 de enero y el 4 de febrero de 2018 en Australia con inicio en la ciudad de Melbourne y final en la ciudad de Kinglake sobre un recorrido de 731,9 km.

La carrera hizo parte del UCI Oceania Tour 2018, dentro de la categoría UCI 2.1

La carrera fue ganada por el corredor colombiano Esteban Chaves del equipo Mitchelton-Scott, en segundo lugar Cameron Meyer (Mitchelton-Scott) y en tercer lugar Damien Howson (Mitchelton-Scott).

Equipos participantes
Tomaron parte en la carrera 15 equipos: 2 de categoría UCI WorldTeam; 3 de categoría Profesional Continental; 9 de categoría Continental y la selecci[on nacional de Australia. Formando así un pelotón de 101 ciclistas de los que acabaron 76. Los equipos participantes fueron:

Recorrido
El Herald Sun Tour dispuso de cinco etapas para un recorrido total de 731,9 kilómetros, donde se contempla un prólogo en el primer día, y cuatro etapas de ruta en los siguientes días. La etapa cuatro marca el final de la carrera con un circuito urbano por los alrededores del centro de Kinglake.

Desarrollo de la carrera

Prólogo

1.ª etapa

2.ª etapa

3.ª etapa

4.ª etapa

Clasificaciones finales
 Las clasificaciones finalizaron de la siguiente forma:

Clasificación general

Clasificación de la montaña

Clasificación de los sprints (metas volantes)

Clasificación de los jóvenes

Clasificación por equipos

Evolución de las clasificaciones

UCI World Ranking
El Herald Sun Tour otorga puntos para el UCI Oceania Tour 2018 y el UCI World Ranking, este último para corredores de los equipos en las categorías UCI WorldTeam, Profesional Continental y Equipos Continentales. La siguientes tablas muestran el baremo de puntuación y los 10 corredores que obtuvieron más puntos:

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial

UCI Oceania Tour 2018
2018
Ciclismo en Australia en 2018


text:
De Grand Prix-wegrace van Frankrijk 2010 was de derde race van het wereldkampioenschap wegrace-seizoen 2010. De race werd verreden op 23 mei 2010 op het Circuit Bugatti nabij Le Mans, Frankrijk.

Uitslag

MotoGP

Moto2

125 cc

Tussenstand na wedstrijd

MotoGP

Moto2

125 cc

2010
Frankrijk
Sportevenement in Le Mans


text:
Spirorbis milada är en ringmaskart som beskrevs av Ziegler 1984. Spirorbis milada ingår i släktet Spirorbis och familjen Serpulidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Havsborstmaskar
milada


text:
Howzat! Kerry Packer's War es una miniserie australiana que se estrenó el 19 de agosto de 2012 por medio de la cadena Nine Network hasta el 26 de agosto del mismo año.

La miniserie se centró en la historia verdadera del magnate australiano de los medios Kerry Packer y cómo este cambió la historia del deporte del críquet para siempre, sabiendo que los jugadores habían estado jugando por años sin recibir dinero y que estaban a punto de rebelarse contra las autoridades del críquet decide crear una idea junto con John Cornell y se enfrenta en una amarga batalla que duraría dos años contra el establecimiento del críquet para proteger a los jugadores y al deporte del críquet, lo cual ocasionó un gran cambio en el críquet para siempre mejorando las condiciones del juego y el apoyo a los jugadores.

Historia
Contó la historia del legendario magnate de los medios Kerry Packer que se enfrentó a una oelea en el deporte del críquet cuando decide crear un nuevo torneo logrando que 50 de los mejores jugadores del críquet firmen. Packer logra enfrentarse a la Junta del Críquet de Australia (en inglés "Australian Cricket Board") y al MCCC en una pelea por los derechos de televisión y termina creando el "World Series Cricket".

Personajes

Principales

Otros personajes

Premios y nominaciones

Producción
La miniserie fue escrita por Christopher Lee y dirigida por Daina Reid.

Producida por Southern Star de John Edwards y por Mimi Butler.

El primer episodio se estrenó el 19 de agosto del 2012 en Australia y obtuvo una audiencia de 2.097 millones de televidentes. El segundo episodio se estrenó el 26 de agosto y obtuvo una audiencia de 2.09 televidentes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Sitio web oficial

 Australian Television > Howzat! Kerry Packer's War
 TV Tonight News || Howzat! Kerry Packer's War

Series de televisión de Australia
Series de televisión iniciadas en 2012
Series de televisión finalizadas en 2012


text:
Campaigns & Elections is a trade magazine covering political campaigns, focused on tools, tactics, and techniques of the political consulting profession. The magazine was founded by Stanley Foster Reed in 1980. It is headquartered in Arlington, Virginia.

The magazine is an exclusively digital publication. It was formerly published by Congressional Quarterly. The publication has an auxiliary website, The Political Pages, an annual directory of political firms and professionals. The magazine runs conferences and events focusing on political campaign skills and technology. The publication also has a Spanish language sister publication, Campaigns & Elections Mexico.

The publication presents the annual Reed Awards, first given in 2009, which award excellence in political campaigning, campaign management, political consulting, and political design.

See also
 Michael Wolff (journalist)

References

External links

1980 establishments in Virginia
Online magazines published in the United States
Political magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1980
Magazines published in Virginia
Bilingual magazines


text:
is a passenger railway station in the city of Kimitsu, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

Lines
Obitsu Station is a station on the Kururi Line, and is located 18.2 km from the terminus of the line at Kisarazu Station.

Station layout
The station consists of a single side platform serving bidirectional traffic. The station formerly had dual opposed side platforms, but one platform is no longer in use, although its overgrown ruins can still be seen to one side of the station. The platform is short, and can only handle trains with a length of four carriages or less. The station is unattended.

Platform

History
Obitsu Station was opened on December 28, 1912 as a station on the Chiba Prefectural Railways Kururi Line. The line was nationalized into the Japanese Government Railways (JGR) on September 1, 1923. The JGR became the Japan National Railways (JNR) after World War II. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2006, the station was used by an average of 154 passengers daily.

Surrounding area

 Obitsu Middle School
 Obitsu Elementary School
 Obitsu Public Hall

See also
 List of railway stations in Japan

References

External links

  JR East Station information

Kururi Line
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Railway stations in Chiba Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1912
Kimitsu


text:
Пу́ща-Води́цький прову́лок — провулок у Подільському районі міста Києва, місцевість Кинь-Ґрусть. Пролягає від Пуща-Водицької вулиці до вулиці Сажина.

Історія
Провулок виник у середині XX століття, мав назву 723-й Новий. Сучасна назва — з 1955 року.

У 1944–1955 роках назву Пущеводицький провулок мала нині зникла Аральська вулиця в місцевості Вітряні гори.

Примітки

Джерела

Вулиці Подільського району Києва
Провулки Києва