text:
Борис Васильевич Телегин (31 марта 1915 — 17 декабря 1986) — советский актёр театра и кино, народный артист РСФСР (1971).

Биография
Борис Васильевич Телегин родился 31 марта 1915 года.

В 1936 году окончил Театральное училище имени М. С. Щепкина. С 1 сентября 1934 года до конца жизни служил в Малом театре. Много снимался в фильмах-спектаклях Малого театра и в телеспектаклях.

Умер 17 декабря 1986 года. Урна с прахом захоронена в Москве на Кунцевском кладбище (10-й участок).

Награды и премии
 Заслуженный артист РСФСР (26.10.1949).
 Народный артист РСФСР (1971).
 Орден Дружбы народов (22.08.1986).

Работы в театре

  — «Борис Годунов» А. Пушкина — Поэт
  — «Слава» В. Гусева — Иван
 «Коварство и любовь» Ф. Шиллера — Фердинанд
  — «Стакан воды» Э. Скриба — Церемониймейстер
 «Растеряева улица» по Г. Успенскому — Черкес
 «На бойком месте» А. Островского — Иван
  — «Игра интересов» Бенавенте — Криснин
  — «В степях Украины» А. Корнейчука — Грицко
  — «Фронт» А. Корнейчука — Ясный
  — «Варвары» М. Горького — Лукин
 «Инженер Сергеев» В. Рокка — Борис
 «Иван Грозный» А. Толстого — Басманов
 «Волки и овцы» А. Островского — Горецкий
  — «Сотворение мира» Н. Погодина — Колоколов
  — «За Камой рекой» Тихонова — Зарубин
 «Великая сила» Б. Ромашова — Шибанов
 «Двенадцатая ночь» У. Шекспира — Герцог Орсино
  — «На белом свете» П. Нилина — Сергей
 «Южный узел» А. Первенцева — Тимохин
 «За тех, кто в море» Б. Лавренёва — Боровский
  — «Молодость» Л. Зорина — Борис Марков
 «Рюи Блаз» В. Гюго — Рюи Блаз
 «Бесприданница» А. Островского — Паратов
 «Правда — хорошо, а счастье лучше» А. Островского — Платон
  — «Наш современник» К. Паустовского — Раевский
 «Ревизор» Н. Гоголя — Почтмейстер
 «Заговор обреченных» Н. Вирты — Макс Венита
 «Снегурочка» А. Островского — Мизгирь
 «Незабываемый 1919» Вс. Вишневского — Дэкс
  — «Без вины виноватые» А. Островского — Незнамов
 «Семья Лутониных» бр. Тур и Пырьева — Николай Лутонин
 «Калиновая роща» А. Корнейчука — Батура
  — «Незабываемый 1919» Вс. Вишневского — Рыбалтовский, Геннадий Николаев
  — «Иначе жить нельзя» А. Софронова — Макс Хютер
 «Иначе жить нельзя» А. Софронова — Франц
 «Порт-Артур» Попова и Степанова — Великий князь Кирилл Владимирович
 «Волки и овцы» А. Островского — Беркутов
  — «Горе от ума» А. Грибоедова — Чацкий
  — «Макбет» У. Шекспира — Малькольм
  — «Ночной переполох» М. Соважона — Франк Вареско
  — «Вечный источник» Д. Зорина — Мартын
  — «Ярмарка тщеславия» по У. Теккерею — Родон Кроули
  — «Остров Афродиты» А. Парниса — Ричард Китс
 «Живой труп» Л. Толстого — Каренин
 «Любовь Яровая» К. Тренёва — Михаил Яровой
 «Взрыв» И. Дворецкого — Лёха
  — «Честность» А. Софронова — Мажинец
 «Каменное гнездо» Х. Вуолийоки — Хозяин Симола
 «Браконьеры» Э. Раннета — Аадам
  — «Волки и овцы» А. Островского — Беркутов
 «Палата» С. Алешина — Новиков
 «Госпожа Бовари» по Г. Флоберу — Родольф
  — «Человек из Стратфорда» С. Алёшина — Ретленд
 «Веер леди Уиндермиер» О. Уайльда — Лорд Дарлингтон
  — «Белые облака» В. Блинова — Рындин
 «Маскарад» М. Лермонтова — Арбенин
  — «Волшебное существо» А. Платонова и В. Фраермана — Кримчицкий
  — «Высшая мера» М. Маклярского и К. Раппопорта — Мещёрский
 «Сын» А. Софронова — Грошин
 «Умные вещи» С. Маршака — Старик, хозяин умных вещей
  — «Старик» М. Горького — Мастаков
 «Оптимистическая трагедия» Вс. Вишневского — Вожак
 «Ревизор» Н. Гоголя — Шпекин
 «Криминальное танго» Э. Раннета — Отец
  — «Разбойники» Ф. Шиллера — Максимилиан фон Моор
 «Признание» С. Дангулова — Френсис
  — «Растеряева улица» по Г. Успенскому — Учитель
 «Достигаев и другие» М. Горького — Губин
  — «Достигаев и другие» М. Горького — Нестрашный
 «Каменный хозяин» Л. Украинки — Дон Пабло де Альварес
  — «Пучина» А. Островского — Неизвестный
 «Отцы и дети» по И. Тургеневу — Василий Иванович Базаров
  — «Гроза» А. Островского — Дикой
  — «Господа Головлевы» по М. Е. Салтыкову-Щедрину — Павел Владимирович Головлёв
  — «Заговор Фиеско в Генуе» Ф. Шиллера — Андреа Дориа
  — «Униженные и оскорблённые» по Ф. И. Достоевскому — Князь Валковский
 «Головокружение» Г. Саркисяна — Самвильян
 «Беседы при ясной луне» В. Белова — Глухов
  — «Любовь Яровая» К. Тренёва — Закатов
  — «Лес» А. Островского — Милонов
 «Агоня» М. Крлежи — Ленбах
  — «Фома Гордеев» М. Горького — Ящуров
 «Признание» С. Дангулова — Илья Репнин
  — «Каменный цветок» по П. Бажову — Барин
  — «Утренняя фея» А. Касоны — Дед
 «Фома Гордеев» М. Горького — Игнат Гордеев
  — «Накануне» по И. Тургеневу — Увар Иванович

 Фильмография

 Актёр
  — Волки и овцы — Василий Иванович Беркутов, сосед Купавиной  — Растеряева улица — Прохор  — Вашингтонская история — председатель Комиссии по расследованию антиамериканской деятельности  — Павлик Морозов — Трофим Морозов, отец Павлика  — Порт-Артур — Кирилл Владимирович, Великий князь  — Лабиринт — священник  — Пропавший чиновник — эпизод (в титрах В. Телегин)
  — Барсуки — Секретов, трактирщик  — Бедность не порок — Гордей Торцов, богатый купец  — Былое и думы — Барле  — Волки и овцы — Беркутов  — Самый последний день — гость  — В восемнадцать мальчишеских лет — офицер (нет в титрах)
  — Дом Островского — Беркутов  — Старик — Иван Васильевич Мастаков  — Достигаев и другие — Губин  — Признание — Френсис, посол из военно-дипломатического корпуса  — Гроза — Савел Прокофьевич Дикой  — Провинциальная история — Южин, артист  — Четвёртая высота — киноактёр (кулак в фильме «Дочь партизана»)  — Господа Головлёвы — Павел Владимирович  — Капитанская дочка — Иван Кузмич  — Умные вещи — старик  — Фома Гордеев — Робустов  — Повести Белкина. Метель — Гаврила Гаврилович''

Озвучивание
  — Сын камня

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки

Выпускники Театрального училища им. М. Щепкина
Персоналии:Малый театр Москвы
Похороненные на Кунцевском кладбище


text:
Now That's What I Call Christmas! 4 es un álbum recopilatorio de música navideña. Fue lanzado el 12 de octubre de 2010 en Estados Unidos. Alcanzó el puesto 28 en el Billboard 200.

Lista de canciones

Disco uno

Disco dos

Referencias

Álbumes navideños
Álbumes recopilatorios de 2010

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Robert Alan Baines (born 15 November 1952) is an Australian actor. He has starred in many television shows including Water Rats and Home and Away as school principal Martin Bartlett.

Filmography
 2015 – The Dalfram Dispute 1938 : Pig Iron Bob, as Robert Menzies during the Dalfram dispute of 1938
 2011 – Crownies as Dr. Wally Kos
 2010 – Uninhabited as Jackson
 2008 – Home and Away as Martin Bartlett
 2007 – U-turn as Ted
 2007 – The Final Winter as Ned
 2006 – Tight as a Drum as Dean Fowler
 2006 – Alex's Party as Tony
 2006 – Jindabyne as Doctor #1
 2005 – Deck Dogz as Headmaster Clatwell
 2003 – Blue Heelers as Ian Hammond
 2001–2002 – BackBerner as Spokesman for Liberal Party
 2001 – All Saints as Phil Harper
 2001 – Outriders as Bryce
 2000 – Water Rats as Hugh Costello

References

External links

 http://backtothebay.net/features/behind-the-scenes-29th-october.shtml

1952 births
20th-century Australian male actors
21st-century Australian male actors
Australian male film actors
Australian male soap opera actors
Living people
Male actors from Sydney
People educated at Sydney Boys High School


text:
Parlatoria vateriae är en insektsart som beskrevs av Green 1919. Parlatoria vateriae ingår i släktet Parlatoria och familjen pansarsköldlöss. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Pansarsköldlöss
vateriae


text:
Gavriil Amvrosijevič Lukovkin (), ruski general, * 1772, † 1849.

Bil je eden izmed pomembnejših generalov, ki so se borili med Napoleonovo invazijo na Rusijo; posledično je bil njegov portret dodan v Vojaško galerijo Zimskega dvorca.

Življenje
Rodil se je kozaškemu generalu, ki ga je že v zgodnjem otroštvu uril v vojaških veščinah. 1. januarja 1780 je vstopil med kozake. 1. avgusta 1883 je bil povišan v polkovnega kozaškega stotnika, nato pa se je leta 1783 udeležil bojev na Krimu proti upornim Tatarom. Tu se je boril ponovno v letih 1790-92.

Leta 1783 je bil premeščen v civilno administracijo, kjer je bil zadolžen za naselitev kozakov na Kavkazu. Decembra 1797 je bil povišan v podpolkovnika in naslednje leto še v polkovnika. A že leta 1799 je zapustil vojaško službo. Ponovno je bil aktiviran leta 1808 in je bil imenovan za brigadnega poveljnika polkov donskih Kozakov, ki so bili v sestavi moldavske vojske. V tem položaju se je udeležil bojev proti Turkom v letih 1809-11.

Med patriotsko vojno leta 1812 se je odlikoval, tako da je bil povišan v generalmajorja. Po vojnah s Francozi se je boril ponovno proti Turkom in POljakom. 11. marca 1836 se je upokojil.

Viri in opombe

Glej tudi

 seznam ruskih generalov

Ruski generali
Ruski plemiči
Generali Imperialne ruske kopenske vojske
Veterani rusko-turške vojne (1787–1792)
Veterani rusko-turške vojne (1806–1812)
Veterani Napoleonovih vojn
Veterani kavkaške vojne
Nosilci reda svete Ane
Nosilci reda svetega Jurija
Nosilci reda svetega Vladimirja


text:
The Goio-Erê Formation is a geological formation in Brazil. It is sometimes thought to be deposited between the Turonian and Campanian stages of the Late Cretaceous, but an Aptian-Albian date has also been proposed. It primarily consists of sandstone and was deposited in a desert environment. It is known for its exceptional 3-D preservation of fossils, which include those of the pterosaurs Keresdrakon and Caiuajara, the dinosaur Berthasaura as well as the iguanian lizard Gueragama. It is laterally equivalent to the Rio Paraná Formation.

References

Geologic formations of Brazil
Upper Cretaceous Series of South America
Cretaceous Brazil
Campanian Stage
Coniacian Stage
Santonian Stage
Turonian Stage
Sandstone formations
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of South America
Paleontology in Brazil
Paraná Basin


text:
Kingdom of Croatia may refer to:

 Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102), an independent medieval kingdom
 Croatia in personal union with Hungary (1102–1526), a kingdom in personal union with the Kingdom of Hungary
 Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg) (1527–1868), part of the Lands of the Habsburg Monarchy
 Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (1868–1918), an autonomous kingdom under Hungary within Austria-Hungary
 Independent State of Croatia (1941–1945), a puppet state during World War II, formally a kingdom until 1943

See also
 Croatia (disambiguation)
 Croatian (disambiguation)


text:
The Reborn! manga and anime series, known in Japan as , features an extensive cast of characters created by Akira Amano. Set in a fictional town called Namimori in modern Japan, the series' protagonists are of Japanese descent. However, their connection to an Italian Mafia family results in a majority of other characters introduced being mainly of Italian descent, including most of its antagonists.

The story centers on middle school student Tsunayoshi "Tsuna" Sawada, who finds out that he is the heir to the most powerful Mafia family, the Vongola. The current Vongola boss thus sends his most trusted member, the titular character and infant hitman, Reborn, to train the future boss. Tsuna gradually becomes a more confident person and leader, while Reborn slowly recruits members into Tsuna's own Mafia family, which mostly includes Tsuna's schoolmates. Though they encounter new allies in the form of other hitmen and mafiosi, they also attract attention from those who want to annihilate the future boss of the Vongola Family. Enemies such as the Kokuyo Gang, a group of Mafia criminals, and Varia, an elite team of assassins, prove to be formidable challenges for Tsuna's new "family". When the story later shifts into an alternate future, nine years and ten months later, in which some of the characters are transported into, they have to adapt to a world where every Vongola member, as well as their allies, is being hunted down by a powerful rival family of that era, the Millefiore. The characters transported from the past into this future are joined by adult versions of the ones who have yet to be replaced with their younger selves.

Various publications that review manga series have mostly praised the eccentric cast of characters in Reborn!. Some attribute the story's humor to the peculiar characters, with one reviewer positively describing it is as an insane collection of characters. The story's shift into a darker and more serious tone by volume eight garnered even more praise, with some finding the characters being no longer simply used for slapstick comedy pleasing, and that the characters' evolving maturity is gratifying.

Creation and conception
The Reborn! characters have also appeared in Akira Amano's early versions of the series that were meant for adult readers due to the violence that it contained. Amano has referred to most of her characters as "weirdos", and mentioned that though she changed the storyline's style starting from volume 8 of the manga, she still kept adding the weirdo characters.

Protagonists

Tsunayoshi Sawada

, commonly known as , is the 14-year-old main protagonist of the series. Because of his severely low self-esteem and lack of talent in any activity, Tsuna is known as  in his middle school, Namimori. After being informed that he is the heir to the Vongola Family, due in part to him being the great-great-great grandson of the first Vongola boss from 400 years ago, as well as the untimely deaths of the other candidates for the position, Tsuna is trained into becoming a mob-boss by the infant Vongola hitman Reborn. He is often shot by Reborn with a bullet that increases his physical abilities (deathperation bullets) in order for him to fulfill his regrets. That state, which is called the Dying Will Mode, is what gradually makes others see him in a better light. For the most part of the story, Tsuna rejects his position and wants nothing to do with the Mafia, but due to the results of various conflicts involving himself and his friends, his own power matures and he eventually starts embracing his destiny. He is the Bearer of the Sky Ring. Tsuna is voiced by Yukari Kokubun in the anime.

Reborn
 is the title character. An Arcobaleno and the holder of the Yellow pacifier of the Sun, Reborn is an infant hitman belonging to the Vongola Family. As the Vongola IX's most trusted member, he becomes Tsuna's home tutor and trains him into becoming a Mafia boss using torturous ways. He often shoots Tsuna with special bullets that enhances his abilities; these bullets are created inside his shape-shifting chameleon "partner" named , who usually sits on Reborn's fedora. No matter how strong the emotion, Reborn always keeps a straight face and handles many situations as calmly as possible. Reborn often says "Ciaossu" (a mix of the Italian "ciao" and the Japanese "ossu", which is a casual male greeting). Later in the manga, this is revealed to be a mispronunciation of his real catchphrase, "chaos," developed because he was unable to pronounce the consonants of "chaos" in his baby form. Reborn also appears randomly dressed as "another person" who no one recognizes except for Tsuna and Dino, despite his disguises being obvious to the audience. Reborn is voiced and portrayed by Neeko in the anime and the stage plays respectively. In his short appearances as an adult, he is also voiced by Ken Narita.

Hayato Gokudera

 is a 14-year-old transfer student from Italy who is placed in Tsuna's class. Gokudera is a dynamite expert nicknamed "Smokin' Bomb Hayato" (スモーキン・ボム 隼人 Sumōkin Bomu Hayato), or "Hurricane Bomb Hayato" in the anime. He keeps various explosives hidden on his body and uses those explosives liberally by lighting them with a cigarette (or several) held in his mouth. Initially, he comes to Japan in order to test Tsuna's strength, and after the latter risks his life to save Gokudera, he devotes himself entirely to Tsuna, having sworn to become his right-hand man. A hot-headed and short-tempered youth, Gokudera continuously gets into fights with several characters especially to those who try to get too close to Tsuna. Despite his personality, he is considered to be a genius, excelling in his academic studies. He is Tsuna's Guardian of the Storm Ring. Gokudera is voiced by Hidekazu Ichinose in the anime.

Takeshi Yamamoto

 is the 14-year-old popular baseball star of Namimori Middle School. Despite his carefree and outgoing personality, Yamamoto initially has no confidence in doing anything other than baseball, even attempting to commit suicide after sustaining major injury to his arm. After Tsuna reassures him, the two become close friends, and Reborn tries to recruit him into the Vongola Family. He hardly takes anything seriously, and is usually oblivious to what is truly happening around him, often tricked by Reborn into participating in Mafia-related events because he thinks that they are all just playing a game. Though he becomes a dedicated and valuable member of Tsuna's family, growing to become a fighter who excels at swordsmanship, he still does not understand the full extent of the situation surrounding the Mafia. He is Tsuna's Guardian of the Rain Ring. Yamamoto is voiced by Suguru Inoue in the anime.

Lambo

 is a cow suit-clad 5-year-old assassin from Italy affiliated with the Bovino ("Bovino" means "bovine" in Italian) Family. He has a huge afro (which he stores a variety of objects in, such as snacks and weapons) with horns on the sides of his head. Despite being a hitman, he lacks the emotional maturity and discipline that Reborn has and is also very conceited as well as being a crybaby. In order to prove that he is worthy of becoming his own family's boss, Lambo comes to Japan to kill Reborn, though he only proves that he is no match for the Vongola hitman. He also possesses his family's Ten-Year Bazooka, which replaces his present himself with another version of himself ten years from the future. He is Tsuna's Guardian of the Lightning Ring. Lambo is voiced by Junko Takeuchi, while Adult Lambo is voiced by Kenjirō Tsuda.

Ryohei Sasagawa

 is a 15-year-old passionate member of the boxing club at Namimori Middle School. Ryohei is extremely loudmouthed. He constantly asks others he believe are strong to join his club, most notably Tsuna. In response, Reborn wants to recruit him into Tsuna's family. Every time he sees Tsuna and his family doing something strange, Ryohei gets fired up and always wants to be a part of it. Because of his energetic personality, however, he does not understand the full extent of Tsuna's connection with the Mafia, but still does everything that he can to protect him and fights with as much spirit and confidence as the others. Proficient in hand-to-hand combat, Ryohei's boxing training lead to his peak physical condition. He has a habit of always saying "kyokugen!" (or "to the extreme") as a single response or as an ending to his sentences. He is Tsuna's Guardian of the Sun Ring. Ryohei is voiced by Hidenobu Kiuchi in the anime.

Kyoya Hibari

 is the leader of the Namimori Middle Discipline Committee, or Prefects, whose members are a group of delinquents loyal to him despite his lack of care for them. Though he speaks in a calm tone, Hibari is an excellent but violent fighter who wields a pair of tonfa as his primary weapons. Though he uses his status to harass others, he actually has great pride in his school, and has a soft side towards animals and small children. However, students are not the only ones who fear him, teachers and other town residents know of him as well since he enforces his form of order throughout the entire town. He prefers to be alone, usually beating up those who crowd near him. Despite caring little about the events surrounding Tsuna and his friends, Hibari takes a great interest in Reborn after seeing his abilities, which is reciprocated by Reborn, who wants to recruit him as part of Tsuna's own family. He is Tsuna's Guardian of the Cloud Ring. Hibari is voiced by Takashi Kondō in the anime.

Mukuro Rokudo

 is a 15-year-old Mafia criminal who escaped from an Italian prison, which held some of the most dangerous Mafia criminals, before he was to be executed. Not long after, Mukuro, along with his two subordinates, came to Japan, enrolled in Kokuyo Junior High, and formed the Kokuyo Gang, which consists of heinous criminals who have recently escaped from prison. Skilled in casting illusions as well as mind control, Mukuro attempts to take his revenge on the Mafia by taking over the body of Mafia criminal Lancia and uses him to wreak havoc. When his plan fails due to Tsuna's interference, he is once again imprisoned. Later on in the story, after possessing the body of Kokuyo Gang member Chrome Dokuro, Mukuro takes on a more supportive role for the series' characters, though still prefers not to associate with them. Mukuro is voiced by Toshinobu Iida in the anime.

Chrome Dokuro

 is a 13-year-old Japanese girl who is recruited by the Kokuyo Gang. She was originally named  until Mukuro Rokudo saved her life by creating illusionary organs for her when she lost her right eye and some of her internal organs in an accident. Since then, Chrome and Mukuro are sharing the same body. She is named the holder of the Vongola Mist Ring. After being transferred into the future, Chrome's physical condition takes a turn for the worst as several of her internal organs begin to fail. Under Future Hibari's instructions, she uses the power of her Vongola Ring to sustain her organs via her own illusions, thus avoiding any immediate danger. Chrome is voiced by Satomi Akesaka in the anime.

Antagonists

Kokuyo Gang
The Kokuyo Gang is a group of Mafia criminals who have escaped from a high-security prison. The gang is formed by its leader Mukuro Rokudo after he escaped from prison on the eve of his execution along with several prisoners. The gang moved to Japan to look for the successor of Vongola and took over Kokuyo Junior High within three days. Aside from Mukuro, key members of the Kokuyo Gang includes Ken Joshima, Chikusa Kakimoto, and Chrome Dokuro. Other members of the gang also include Lancia, M.M, Birds, the Bloody Twins, and Flan.

Varia
The Varia is an elite and independent assassination team under the Vongola Family. They are composed of genius assassins who work in the deepest recesses of the Mafia. Each member takes on missions that are said to be impossible to accomplish by humans. They do not accept a mission unless they believe there is a 90% chance of success. Those that see them work often say that their high-level assassination skills are demonic. Despite lacking loyalty and respect for other members, they are extremely loyal to their leader, Xanxus. The key members of the Varia include Superbia Squalo, Belphegor, Lussuria, Levi A Than, and Gola Moska. The Arcobaleno Mammon (Viper) is also part of the Varia. In the future ten years later, Fran is also part of the group. The Varia also appear to have more than fifty subordinates ranged under the command of the main members. The Varia is apparently reclusive, only showing themselves after Iemitsu Sawada disappeared.

Millefiore Family
The  is a Mafia family that is engaged in battle against the Vongola Family in the future ten years later. The Millefiore is a result of the merging of two separate Mafia families: the  Family led by Byakuran, and the  Family led by Uni. They are organized into two groups to distinguish their old families, which are then further separated into 17 different squads, each named for a plant or flower. Those originally from the Giglio Nero are the Black Spell and have the tendency to engage in direct combat, while those from the Gesso are the White Spell and specializes in cunning battle tactics. There appears to be animosity between members of the White Spell and the Black Spell, resulting in a lack of communication and sabotage by individual squads. Their organization also possesses the Mare Rings, a set of seven rings on par with the Vongola Rings originally belonging solely to the Giglio Nero.

Demon Spade
Demon Spade was originally the first-generation Vongola Mist Guardian. However, he later betrayed the Vongola Primo, Giotto, forcing him to step down as the Vongola Boss. After Giotto's resignation as Vongola Boss, Demon became the Vongola Second Mist Guardian and continued to watch over Vongola for generation to generation by cutting off his attachment with his own body and survive for years by continuously possessing people in order to make sure that the Vongola stay strong. He is responsible for arranging the battle between tenth-generation Simon Family led by Enma and the tenth-generation Vongola Family led by Tsuna. Demon is a dangerous and expert illusionist, having the ability to create fake weapons with his real illusions and also has the ability to seal away his enemies into his illusionary world.

Vindice
The Vindice are the guards of Mafia law who punish those who defy their law without mercy and imprison Mafia criminals in the Vindice Prison, a prison from which no one had ever been able to escape. They have existed ever since the founding of the Mafia. Each of the Vindice possesses a black flame called the Flame of Night, which allows them to teleport to any place they wish to go. They are led by their boss Bermuda von Veckenschtein, an Arcobaleno with the Clear Pacifier and who was used to be known as the strongest Arcobaleno. They participate in the Representative Battle of the Rainbow after defeating and stealing the watches of Team Skull in order to get their revenge on Checker Face.

Supporting characters

Kyoko Sasagawa
 is the girl Tsuna has a crush on. She is Ryohei's younger sister and a student of Namimori Middle School alongside Tsuna's friends. Though she is not fully aware of how much Tsuna loves her, Kyoko thinks of him as a good friend. Although later on in the story, it is hinted that she has feelings for him. Kyoko is kind, caring, and sweet, but is also airheaded, initially thinking that all the events surrounding Tsuna are part of a game. She first witnessed Tsuna in action after being sent nine years and ten months into the future right when her future self was being attacked by the Millefiore soldiers. Growing more suspicious of Tsuna and his friends' actions, she and Haru spy on them until they learn the truth about them and the Mafia. She is voiced by Yūna Inamura in the anime.

Haru Miura
 is a student of Midori Middle School, a tough elite school to get into in the area. She is an eccentric and peppy girl with a tendency to jump to wild conclusions, and has various odd costumes that she designs herself, as well as a myriad of wild habits. She initially adores Reborn, but after she is saved from drowning by Tsuna, Haru diverted her adoration towards him instead. She loves and is overprotective of children, and is usually the one to babysit Lambo and I-Pin alongside Kyoko. According to Tsuna, Future Haru has become more feminine but her way of thinking is still the same. Growing more suspicious of Tsuna and his friends' actions, she and Kyoko spy on them until they learn the truth about them and the Mafia. Haru is voiced by Hitomi Yoshida in the anime. She also appeared as the main host of the "Haru-Haru Interview: Dangerous" post-credits segment in the anime.

I-Pin
 is a 5-year-old assassin from Hong Kong. Her main ability is the usage of Gyoza-Ken, which combines her martial arts abilities with special gyoza buns laced with the scent of garlic, the latter of which numbs the brain and forces the muscles to involuntarily move on their own. I-Pin's most destructive ability is the Pinzu-Time Bomb, activated whenever she expresses extreme shyness; pin-numbers (like those used in mahjong) appear on her forehead, counting down until it turns her into a human bomb that can create a small crater with its destruction. Due to her near-sightedness, I-Pin sees Lambo as a broccoli monster and often beats him up. She also has a crush on Kyoya Hibari, who bears a striking resemblance to her master Fon, and often activates the Pinzu-Timed Super Explosion after seeing him. She can be also transformed into her 15-year-old self through Lambo's Ten-Year Bazooka; the 15-year-old "Adult I-Pin" is more fluent in Japanese, and despite the fact that she is one of the most promising young assassins, she works part-time at a ramen shop ten years later in order to earn money for college tuition, though she still retains her fighting skills. I-Pin is voiced by Li-Mei Chiang in the anime.

Bianchi
 is Gokudera's half-sister; they share the same father. Bianchi, known as "Poison Scorpion Bianchi" in the Mafia underground, specializes in poison cooking. Since she is immune to her own cooking herself, she does not see anything wrong with the food she gives to others. Even though they seem to have a strained relationship, Bianchi has shown great concern for Gokudera if he is injured, fighting, or suffering from stomach aches, which she does not realize are caused by her (except if they do not have eye contact). In the past, she was in love with her ex-boyfriend Romeo, who looks very similar to Adult Lambo. Whenever Adult Lambo appears, she mistakes him for Romeo, and uses her Poison Cooking to attack him. Bianchi is romantically involved with her former associate Reborn, and wants to kill Tsuna to free up Reborn's schedule, although she refused to kill him for the benefit of others. Bianchi always states that "love" is the strongest force of all. In the future, Bianchi returns with crucial information about the Millefiore Family after her travelling with Futa. She tries to train Gokudera on how to control the rings and boxes, and is shown to be able to summon scorpions which emanate the Dying Will Flame, called Scorpione De Tempesta (Storm Scorpions). Bianchi is voiced by Rie Tanaka in the anime.

Dino
 is the 22-year-old tenth-generation boss of the  which is part of the Vongola Family alliance. Dino is a young man with great skills as a fighter and a leader. Reborn's chameleon Leon created his main weapons, a whip and Enzo, which is a turtle which grows in size and rampages when soaked in water. Like Tsuna, Dino was initially a klutz who did not want anything to do with the Mafia, but he became a suitable Mafia boss after Reborn became his home tutor. He came to be known as  ("Bronco Dino" in Viz's translation) and fixed the Cavallone's financial problems, turning them into the third most influential family. However, Dino is so devoted to his family that when none of his family members are around his skills decrease dramatically, often accidentally hitting people with his whip or falling down the stairs. Before the Vongola Tournament, Dino becomes Hibari's home tutor and travels with him around the country in order to train him. In the future, he advises Tsuna and the others on how to control their box weapons, and is shown to release a horse from his own box. Dino is first voiced by Kenta Kamakari, and then replaced by Kenn for episodes 34 onwards.

Nana Sawada
 is Tsuna's mother, who, despite caring deeply for him, has fairly little belief in her son succeeding in life. She helps feed all the people that are presently living in her house and does not see anything strange with any of them. She seems to be unaware of the fact that both her husband and her son are part of the Mafia, but is aware they are both up to something dangerous. In the "Haru-Haru Interview: Dangerous" anime segment, it was also mentioned that Nana was considered a Yamato Nadeshiko by Reborn. Nana is voiced by Rika Fukami in the anime.

Futa
 is a young boy who ranks people by their abilities in a book half of his own height. His full name is Fuuta Delle Stelle (Fuuta de la Stella, or Fuuta of the stars). He has an extremely wide range of knowledge on thousands of people and is considered to be a valuable informant for the Mafia, sometimes being paid insane amounts of money for a copy of certain rankings, but due to this, he is often chased by the Mafia. When he ranks people, gravity around him becomes distorted, making objects around him float, and images of stars and galaxies appear in his eyes. It is unknown how he actually gathers his information, some rumours say he talks to a ranking star, and his rankings do become skewed when it rains. He also has to be looking at the person to determine their rankings. He calls Tsuna Sawada his big brother (referring to Tsuna as "Tsuna-ni") and starts living in his house. In volume nine of the manga, after he has been controlled by Mukuro Rokudo for quite a long amount of time, it was revealed that he lost his power to rank, and follows the guardians around while living at Tsuna's house. In the future, after gathering information with Bianchi, Futa, who now carries a suitcase rather than a book, returns to Japan with crucial information about the Millefiore Family. Futa also reveals that he was Lambo's guardian until three years before Tsuna's arrival in the future, and prefers that Lambo not be endangered. Futa is voiced by Yuko Sanpei in the anime.

Hana Kurokawa
 is one of Tsuna's classmates and Kyoko's friend. She appears more observant and thoughtful than most of the other characters. Though she does not know the truth, she remains suspicious of Tsuna's and his friends' activities. She has a crush on the 15-year-old Lambo in the normal time. At the same time, she hates children (especially the child form Lambo), to the point where she gets hives when she gets annoyed by them. In the future, it is hinted that she has a relationship with Kyoko's older brother Ryohei. She is voiced by Miki Ootani in the anime.

Doctor Shamal
 is a crazed womanizer who hits on every cute woman he sees, though often fails. He is said to be hiding in Japan after being charged in his own country for putting the moves on 2082 women simultaneously, one of which being a queen. He is both a skilled doctor (albeit one that refuses to treat men) and renowned assassin known as "Trident Shamal", who was even asked to join the Varia. His primary means of combat stem from the 666 pills he carries that contain trident mosquitoes, his own breed of genetically altered mosquitoes named for their trident-shaped stingers that infect his enemies with deadly diseases. He claims to be infected with 666 diseases that have no effect on him due to the negating effects of each disease; if he has a disease that rapidly decreases body temperature, then he has another one that increases it, and so on. Shamal also happens to be the one that introduced Hayato Gokudera to bombs when he used to work for Gokudera's family. He agrees to become Gokudera's home tutor during the Vongola Tournament, but only after Gokudera learns that protecting his own life is just as important as defending those around him. Dr. Shamal is voiced by Toshinobu Katsuya in the anime.

Tsuyoshi Yamamoto
 is the father of Takeshi Yamamoto who owns a sushi restaurant named TakeSushi. He is also one of the wielders of the Shigure Soen Ryu sword style. He is voiced by Takashi Matsuyama in the anime.

Vongola Family

The  is the most powerful Mafia family since its creation 400 years prior to the start of the series. Giotto a.k.a. Vongola Primo is the founder of the Vongola Family. His guardians; G., Ugetsu Asari, Knuckle, Lampo, Alaudi, and Demon Spade, all bear similar traits to Tsuna's guardians. After his retirement, he stayed in Japan by the name of .

They possess the Vongola Rings, seven invaluable rings which have been around since the founding of the Mafia underworld and are usually in possession of the main members known as the Vongola Guardians. They are also rich in various traditions, most notably the Vongola Tournament, a traditional battle in which two groups vie for the seven guardian positions.

By the start of the series,  a.k.a.  is the current head of the Vongola family. It is implied that he is becoming too weak to lead the family, and thus accepted Tsuna as the next head of the Vongola Family. However, Xanxus, his adopted son, deemed himself more worthy to become the next boss, so he kidnapped and replaced IX with a fake, who sanctioned the traditional Vongola Tournament. The real IX was placed within the Gola Mosca machine, gradually draining him of his life energy, until he is saved by Tsuna.

Giotto
, also known as , is the founder and first-generation boss of the Vongola Family in the late 19th century. An Italian, he is also the creator of the Zero Point Breakthrough technique. After his retirement, he moved to Japan and started a family, changing his family name to Sawada to ensure no one outside the family knew about his Mafia identity. He is the paternal great-great-great grandfather of Tsuna, who has repeatedly been shown to be similar to him, as they have the same weapon and techniques (including the Zero Point Breakthrough), almost identical appearances, and equally unorthodox Famiglias (the First Famiglia included aristocrats, military men, rival mafiosos and religious people). Their Guardians are quite similar as well: Yamamoto, Hibari, Mukuro, Lambo, Gokudera, and Ryohei have already been shown to be very much like their first predecessors in appearance, weapon of choice, and personality.

Arcobaleno
The Arcobaleno (which means "rainbow" in Italian) is the group of the seven strongest infants, who each possesses a pacifier colored as one of the colors of the rainbow, with each color corresponding with their Dying Will Flame. Their pacifiers will glow when a member nears another Arcobaleno. They were all transformed from adults into their current forms, having sacrificed themselves in order to protect the ultimate power "7³" (Tri-Ni-Sette). Each of them gained their own "curse" and specific abilities, and are able to emit the Dying Will Flame throughout their entire body. In addition to Reborn, the Arcobaleno are:
, the first holder of Orange pacifier of the Sky and the boss of Giglio Nero Family. Becoming the Sky Arcobaleno, her curse not only changed her into a baby, but also shortened her life span. Sometimes afterwards, she died and passed her Arcobaleno title to her daughter, . A month before the merging between Giglio Nero and Gesso, Aria succumbed to her curse and died, passing Arcobaleno title and Giglio Nero to her young daughter, Uni. Both Luce and Aria are voiced by Atsuko Yuya in the anime.
, the holder of the Blue pacifier of the Rain. Though he is not part of the original seven Arcobaleno, he attained the blue pacifier after attempting to take the place of a member on the day that they were all turned into babies. A former member of the COMSUBIN, he carries heavy artillery, using an anti-tank rifle as his primary weapon. His animal partner is a falcon named Falco, that usually rests atop his head and it can help him fly to distant places. Colonnello acts like a rival towards Reborn and vice versa, but despite this, he shares many traits with Reborn, like being a merciless tutor, suddenly taking naps, and having a sharp tongue. He is voiced by Daisuke Nakamura in the anime.
, the holder of the Red pacifier of the Storm. He is shown to be one of the wisest and strongest of the Arcobaleno and also always seems to know what is going on. A Chinese martial artist and I-Pin's master, Fon masters at least 104 martial arts with his strongest art is the Exploding Gale Fist that is said to be invincible. His pet is a white monkey named Reach. He also looks physically similar to Kyoya Hibari, although the exact nature of their relation remains unknown. Fon is voiced by Takashi Kondō, who also share the same voice with Hibari.
, the holder of the Purple pacifier of the Cloud. Skull wears a full leather outfit and a motorcycle helmet reminiscent of the time he was a stunt man. His pet is a giant armored octopus named Tako whose tentacles follow his hand and finger movements. He is voiced by Tetsuya Yanagihara in the anime.
, the holder of the Indigo pacifier of the Mist. Viper is a member of the elite assassination team, the Varia, under the name . Known as the Arcobaleno's best spellcaster, Viper has the ability to cast illusions, as well as being able to locate any person by sneezing into a piece of paper. Viper also has a black frog named Fantasma that lies on top of their head. By turning into a yellow salamander and biting its tail, which forms into a "halo" above them, Fantasma can give Mammon the ability to fly. Viper claims to have been trying to break the Arcobaleno curse, and had sealed their pacifier so that other Arcobaleno cannot sense them. Viper has also created a chain that conceals the power of the Arcobaleno pacifiers, as well as the Ring Flames. Viper is voiced by Rumi Shishido in the anime.
, the holder of the Green pacifier of the Thunder, and one of the three creators of the Box Weapons. Appearing as a scientist, Verde is more interested in his studies than he is in the curse of the rainbow, as indicated during the Curse of the Rainbow arc when he reveals he was only participating to give Reborn "a good scare." His pet is a green crocodile named Cayman. He is voiced by Masahiro Kono in the anime.
, the holder of a corrupted pacifier. She states that she cannot live up to the Arcobaleno name, considering herself to be one of its weakest members. This is due to her curse being incomplete after Colonnello, her former subordinate in the COMSUBIN, attempted to take her place. Also, if she does not use her Arcobaleno powers, her curse would gradually disappear, which is why she eventually becomes an adult again. However, upon using her Arcobaleno powers in the future, her pacifier glows blue, and she states that her pacifier was supposed to be the blue pacifier that Colonnello attained. She is also part of the Vongola's CEDEF, or Outside Advisors. She is voiced by Masami Suzuki in the anime.

CEDEF
Members of the Consulenza Esterna Della Famiglia (Italian for "External Consultants of the Family") are unofficial members of the Vongola Family. They hold a very important position in the family's structure, in that, during times of crisis, the CEDEF leader becomes the Vongola's second-in-command. They also have as much voting power as the Vongola boss when choosing the family's next boss, and if the two disagree on who the heir will be, the CEDEF leader has the power to split the Vongola Rings.

Iemitsu Sawada
 is Tsuna's often absent father, who has supposedly been "working abroad at oil fields" for the past two years. He usually carries a pickaxe. Tsuna believes that he is a loser father who has nothing to do with the Mafia, but Iemitsu is actually the "Outside Advisor", who has the second-highest position in the Vongola Family, and is known as the Vongola's "Young Lion". After the fake Vongola IX chose Xanxus as his successor, Iemitsu, who wants Tsuna to become the next boss, protested and refused to give Xanxus the Vongola Rings, traveling around the world while he waited for the IX's reply. He returns to Japan with the real halves of the Vongola Rings, as well as a message from the IX sanctioning the Vongola Tournament. He secretly watches over the training of Tsuna and his family, and during the tournament, Iemitsu goes to Italy with his subordinates, and finds out that the IX that has been giving orders was a fake. Iemitsu is voiced by Masami Iwasaki in the anime.

Basil
Basilicum, commonly known as simply , is Iemitsu's young disciple and subordinate. He possesses the blue, rain attribute flame, and has the ability to go into Dying Will Mode when he consumes special pills made by Iemitsu. Due to being strictly trained since early childhood, he is a very talented fighter. Unknown to Basil, in order for Iemitsu to safely deliver the real halves of the Vongola rings to Japan, he was sent to deliver the fake Vongola Rings to Tsuna. During this mission, Basil encounters Squalo, and is subsequently beat. Despite being used as a decoy, he remains extremely loyal to Iemitsu, and helps train Tsuna in order to help the latter control the Dying Will Flame. The CEDEF later sends him into the future as a support for the Vongola, and his box weapon is shown to release a dolphin, which he can telepathically communicate with. Basil also has a habit of speaking in an archaic manner; usually replacing 'You' with 'thou', 'thee', and 'thy', and refers to Tsuna and the guardians with the suffix '-dono'. This unusual habit sometimes interferes in his way of modern speech. Basil is voiced by Yuka Terasaki in the anime.

Cervello
The  is an organization whose representatives consist of masked women who all seem to look exactly the same and whose names are not known. When one member is beaten or killed, another member can immediately take their place. The organization also appears to possess illusionists. They are proclaimed as the judges for the Vongola Tournament under the (fake) IX's direct orders. In the future, they are working with or in conjunction with Shoichi Irie, and appear to be part of the Millefiore Family's White Spell squad. During the Six Funeral Wreaths's battle against Tsuna's group, the Cervello are appointed as the judges. It was stated that each Mafia family have their own Cervello organisation.

Foundation
The Foundation is an organization created by the Future Kyoya Hibari in order to gather information on the "ultimate power". Its members are former members of Namimori High's Disciplinary Committee, most notably , Hibari's subordinate and second-in-command, who always wears his hair in a pompadour. Kusakabe is voiced by Shun Takagi in the anime.

Simon Family
The Simon Family has deep ties to the Vongola Family, but vanished at the end of the Vongola Primo's rule because of Demon Spade. At the beginning of the Inheritance Ceremony Arc, the Simon Family were thought to be evil. However, after the truth was revealed, they joined forces with the Vongola Family led by Tsuna.

Cozzato Simon
 is the first-generation boss of Simon Family and Enma's ancestor. He had close bonds with Vongola Primo, Giotto, as close as brothers. He was said to be betrayed by Giotto during a massive mafia war and was killed from limbs to limbs. However, in reality, he was saved by Giotto's Guardians who had seen through Demon's plan and afterwards along with Giotto, they made a deal with the Vindice that if Vongola and Simon ever fight against one another, the Vindice will deliver the punishment. After the war, he and his Family went back into hiding and never met Giotto or Vongola again for the rest of their lifetime but not before making an oath with Giotto that their Families will stay close until the end of time and believe their descendants will meet and smile at each other again.

Enma Kozato
 is the tenth-generation boss of the near-eradicated Simon Family. He was introduced as a transfer student at Namimori Middle School with his fellow subordinates. After he shows his timid personality during his introduction, he starts getting bullied. He became friends with Tsuna after an incident. Enma later decided to leave a letter to Tsuna to test if he really treated him as a friend. Unfortunately, the letter got dumped into the bin by Lambo, which led to the battle between the Vongola and the Simon family. Later on in the story, Enma becomes possessed by Demon Spade because of his anger and hatred, causing his powers to go berserk, but is stopped by Tsuna for good. After the truth was revealed, Enma joined forces with Tsuna and defeated Demon Spade. Since then, the two became close friends.

Longchamp Naito
 is a manga-exclusive character. He is the overly-hyper, eighth-generation boss-in-training of the Tomaso Family. He happens to attend the same school as Tsuna, but they first meet in their second year when they end up in the same class. Unlike Tsuna, Longchamp is optimistic and excited about everything, and though their families are rivals, he constantly befriends Tsuna. Longchamp is known to have a unique taste in women, and is shown with a different one each time. He also has a weird habit of collecting unusual objects, including dead batteries and condiment packets, and his bedroom is covered with junk as a result of his hoarding habits. His family is the creator of the , which, when shot with and revived, will cause a person to grieve about all the terrible things that have happened in their life, making others feel sorry for them.

Kawahira
Kawahira (川平 Kawahira) is a man who lives in the future at a real estate firm that belonged to an old lady who Haru knew in the past. He is constantly referred to in earlier episodes as a frequent customer of Adult I-Pin's ramen delivery service, but makes his first appearance when Tsuna and company are trying to hide from the Real Six Funeral Wreaths. He possesses a Segno Hell Ring that can create strong illusions, fake murderous intent, and hides his existence. He does not outwardly state his true motives but claims that Tsuna and his friends owe him one for his help.

He is later revealed to be the true identity of Checker Face (チェッカーフェイス Chekkāfeisū), a man with iron hat who is responsible for inflicting The Curse of The Rainbow on Reborn and the others, making them the Arcobaleno. He appeared in the Arcobaleno's dream and offered them a way to be freed from the curse that had turned them into babies with by creating a battle royale where the Arcobaleno have to choose seven people to be their representatives to fight in their place and the winner will have his or her curse removed. However, this turned out to be a huge lie and his true intention is actually to determine the seven strongest people and intends to turn them into the next Arcobaleno without any intention to free the current Arcobaleno from their curse.

As the one who administrates the Tri-ni-sette, he is the one who gave the Vongola Rings and Mare Rings to Uni's ancestor, Sepira, who in turn entrusted the Vongola Rings to Giotto. For decades, he had selected and tricked seven people in each generation that he considered the strongest through contract job or representative battle and forcefully make them protect the Arcobaleno pacifier, cursing them into babies. After Bermuda's defeat, he appears in front of Tsuna and the others and reveal his true identity as Kawahira. He, alongside Uni, are the last two special races that had been existed even far before humans whose job are to protect the Earth through Tri-ni-sette. However, their race died one by one until he and Sepira are the only ones remained. They decided to split the seven stones of Tri-ni-set into Arcobaleno Pacifiers, Vongola Rings, and Mare Rings and gave them to the human race as they alone unable to provide enough flames for the rings. He intended to remove the pacifiers from Reborn and the others and cursed those he had selected, however, Talbot arrives and came up with another solution to keep the Tri-ni-set safe. With Uni's assurance of the future of the Tri-ni-sette, Kawahira agreed to give up the order of the Tri-ni-sette to Bermuda and the Vindice, entrusting them to the future generations, and removes the Arcobaleno curse from Reborn and the others.

Merchandise
Several types of merchandise have been produced based on the likeness of the Reborn! characters. Apparels from the series include replicas of the characters' clothes, such as Tsuna's X-Gloves or Reborn's hat. Other merchandise modeled after their likeness includes action figures, plush dolls, key chains, and figurines. Characters are also featured in the series' soundtracks, in which their corresponding voice actors perform songs related to their characters. They are also featured in the various games released for the series, including in video games that are mostly of the fighting game genre, and on trading cards that are part of the Reborn! trading card game.

Reception
The characters introduced in the Reborn! series have been both criticized and praised in several reviews of the series. With the first seven manga volumes being devoted to introducing various new characters whilst still focusing heavily on the main characters, a reviewer from comicbookbin.com believes that "Akira Amano composes each chapter as a separate episode, like a TV series, with a main cast and a guest character appearing each chapter." He describes the ever-expanding cast of peculiar characters as a line-up of eccentrics that fit right in with the main cast, but later comments that the author strains the narrative in the sixth volume due to giving some minor characters like Longchamp Naito too much attention. Still, he positively remarks that the hilariously weird things the characters do has not been done since Seinfeld, and Erin Finnegan of Pop Culture Shock agrees, attributing the story's humor to the characters. Michael Aronson of Manga Life describes it is as the "most insane collection of characters thrown together in a single series," while Ben Leary of Mania.com fairly says that "many of the plots are dependent on the cute, practically SD characters who would probably be mascots in another series."

Though most of the characters' reviews for volumes one through seven are primarily based on their ensuing comedic situations, the tone changes drastically as the series shifts into a more serious mood starting with volume eight. In ComicsVillage.com's Charles Tan's review of volume eight, he notes that the character designs have a "simple, iconic feel to them," and that they can easily shift from being super-deformed to having serious expressions. Both in IGN's and mangalife.com's review of volume nine, the reviewers both expressed gratification to the main character's [Tsuna] reform, with David Rasmussen of mangalife.com now seeing Tsuna as a "cooler" character compared to how he was before. A.E. Sparrow of IGN further comments on how the characters are further developed rather than being simply used for slapstick comedy, but due to that, the readers can find themselves being concerned for their well-being.

References

Reborn!
Characters


text:
Biografia
Presentatasi agli europei di  con buoni propositi, supera agevolmente le batterie dei 200 m con un nuovo primato personale di 23"23 ma si deve fermare ad un quinto posto in semifinale.

Nell'estate del 2016 partecipa alla staffetta 4×400 m dei Giochi olimpici di , assieme a Madiea Ghafoor, Nicky van Leuveren e alla sorella Lisanne de Witte. Nonostante l'eliminazione alle batterie, la squadra olandese è in grado di migliorare il primato nazionale a 3'26"98.

Agli europei a squadre di Lilla 2017 ottiene un settimo posto (3'31"79 con Anna Sjoukje Runia, Lisanne de Witte ed Eva Hovenkamp) nella staffetta 4×400 m. Nel frattempo i Paesi Bassi, capaci di ottenere solamente due ori, saranno retrocessi in First League al termine della competizione.

Progressione

200 metri piani

400 metri piani

Palmarès

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni


text:
Jeon Hee-Sook –en hangul, 전희숙– (Seúl, 14 de junio de 1984) es una deportista surcoreana que compitió en esgrima, especialista en la modalidad de florete.

Participó en tres Juegos Olímpicos de Verano entre los años 2012 y 2020, obteniendo una medalla de bronce en Londres 2012 en la prueba por equipos. Ganó cuatro medallas en el Campeonato Mundial de Esgrima entre los años 2006 y 2011.

Palmarés internacional

Referencias

Esgrimidores de Corea del Sur
Esgrimidores en los Juegos Olímpicos de Londres 2012
Esgrimidores en los Juegos Olímpicos de Río de Janeiro 2016
Esgrimidores en los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio 2020
Medallistas olímpicos de bronce de esgrima
Medallistas olímpicos de bronce de Corea del Sur
Medallistas olímpicos de bronce de Londres 2012


text:
Schizotricha is a genus of cnidarians belonging to the monotypic family Schizotrichidae.

The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

Species

Species:

Schizotricha anderssoni
Schizotricha auroraaustralis
Schizotricha catharina

References

Plumularioidea
Hydrozoan genera


text:
«Never Worn White» () — песня, исполненная американской певицей и автором Кэти Перри и вышедшая 5 марта 2020 года на лейбле Capitol Records.

«Never Worn White» это «энергичная» фортепианная баллада с «изящной» постановкой и «душевным» припевом.

В официальном музыкальном видео, премьера которого состоялась вместе с песней, Перри поочередно показана в белом платье и в изящном платье из цветов, когда она исполняет песню. В конце видео Перри демонстрирует свой увеличенный живот, показывая тем самым беременность от свою жениха английского киноактёра Орландо Блума. За первые 24 часа клип получил 10,5 миллионов просмотров на YouTube.

Чарты

История релизов

Примечания

Ссылки

Песни 2020 года
Песни Кэти Перри
Песни, написанные Кэти Перри
Синглы Capitol Records
Поп-баллады
Баллады 2020-х годов


text:
Jennifer F. Provencher (22 de octubre de 1979) es una bióloga conservacionista canadiense. Provencher es una reconocida investigadora y portavoz de campañas de sensibilización sobre los contaminantes plásticos en la vida silvestre marina y el cambio climático. Gran parte de su trabajo se centra en el impacto de las actividades humanas en la salud de las aves marinas y los ecosistemas marinos del Ártico.

Educación
Provencher tiene una licenciatura en Biología Marina y un título en Ciencias y Biología Senior de la Universidad de British Columbia. Más tarde completó un Master en la Universidad de Victoria con su trabajo sobre las aves marinas como indicadores de cambio en el Ártico canadiense oriental. Su Doctorado en Biología (Toxicología Ambiental y Química) en la Universidad de Carleton se centró en los parásitos y el mercurio como posibles impulsores de la salud y la reproducción de las aves.

Recibió una beca posdoctoral W. Garfield Weston en 2016 y una beca posdoctoral Liber Ero en 2018 para trabajar en Investigaciones Nórdicas en la Universidad de Acadia.

Trabajo

Antes de 2010: Inicios de carrera
Después de graduarse con una licenciatura en Biología Marina y Educación en 2004, Provencher enseñó y colaboró en proyectos de investigación en el Centro de Ciencias Marinas de Bamfield en la  isla de Vancouver, Canadá, como profesora y buceadora científica. En 2008, decidió regresar a los estudios para realizar una maestría en la Universidad de Victoria.

2010-2018: Etapa inicial de la carrera
En 2010, Provencher trabajó con la Asociación de Científicos de Carrera Temprana Polar (APECS) en asociación con el Comité Científico Internacional del Ártico (IASC) y el Comité Científico de Investigación Antártica (SCAR) para liderar la evaluación de  las actividades realizadas en educación y divulgación durante los años 2007-2009, Años Polares Internacionales. En los años siguientes, regresó de nuevo a la escuela de posgrado para realizar el doctorado en la Universidad de Carleton, y continuó vinculada como miembro del comité ejecutivo de APECS y como trabajo de investigación invitado.

Provencher ha sido presidenta del comité organizador de varias conferencias internacionales, incluido el taller APECS de la Conferencia de Estudios Inuit de 2012, Washington DC, EE. UU.; la Reunión Científica Anual de ArcticNet de 2013, Halifax, Canadá, y el Congreso de Biodiversidad del Ártico de 2018, Helsinki, Finlandia.

Entre 2014 y 2019, Provencher realizó más de veinte presentaciones invitada en todo el mundo sobre diversos temas relacionados con contaminantes o estudios nórdicos, entre otros. Entre las organizaciones que la invitaron se incluye a la Academia Estadounidense para el Avance de la Ciencia (AAAS) y la Corporación de Museos de Ciencia y Tecnología de Canadá. En 2019, estuvo entre las científicas invitadas a hablar en el evento conjunto Canadá-Mónaco-Francia sobre la contaminación plástica en el medio ambiente, concretamente en Maison Des Oceans, París, y el Museo Oceanográfico de Mónaco, Mónaco. Ese mismo año, fue llamada a testificar ante el Comité del Senado Canadiense sobre el Ártico así como a impartir conferencias en la Escuela Belfer de Ciencias y Asuntos Internacionales de la Universidad de Harvard. Algunos de sus otros discursos tuvieron lugar en el Taller de Comunicaciones de la Universidad del Ártico de 2012, Tromsø, Noruega. Ha sido nominada para representar al Programa de Evaluación y Monitoreo del Ártico (AMAP) en el grupo de planificación del Simposio Internacional de Plásticos en la Región Ártica y Subártica de abril de 2020, Reykjavik, Islandia.

2018-presente: Avance profesional
Desde 2018, Provencher es Jefa de la Unidad de Salud de la Vida Silvestre del  Servicio Canadiense de Vida Silvestre (Medio Ambiente y Cambio Climático de Canadá), y su trabajo se centra en el efecto de enfermedades, parásitos y contaminantes en la conservación de la vida silvestre. Desde 2019, es investigadora adjunta en tres universidades canadienses: Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario; Universidad de Acadia, Wolfville, Nueva Escocia; y Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canadá.

Contribuciones significativas
Como parte del grupo de trabajo Circumpolar Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF), dependiente del Consejo Ártico, Provencher fue coordinadora de la Iniciativa de Aves Migratorias del Ártico (AMBI). Trabajó con los estados miembro y observadores para coordinar e implementar esfuerzos de conservación para aves reproductoras en rutas migratorias internacionales. Estableció un grupo de trabajo centrado en la matanza ilegal de aves acuáticas migratorias en la ruta migratoria de Australasia del este de Asia. Este grupo de trabajo trabaja actualmente para identificar las principales fuentes de mortalidad de aves en la ruta migratoria de Australasia del este de Asia y coopera con organizaciones locales y gobiernos nacionales para minimizar los efectos negativos en las poblaciones de aves. En la Conferencia de las Partes de 2017 en Manila, Filipinas, también codirigió el desarrollo de la iniciativa en un grupo de trabajo más amplio para todas las aves en el marco de la Convención sobre Especies Migratorias (CMS). Más tarde trabajó con comunicadores para informar e involucrar a los responsables políticos con la investigación y la ciencia.

Provencher colaboró en un programa para desarrollar un marco canadiense de investigación sobre plástico ingerido. Este programa fue utilizado para monitorear la ingestión de plástico en aves marinas e investigar cuestiones relacionadas con el impacto de la contaminación plástica en la vida silvestre marina. Además, codesarrolló y codirigió otros talleres relacionados con este tema, como Aprender sobre la salud de las focas anilladas a partir de la ciencia de los contaminantes y Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit para informar más a las comunidades inuit sobre los contaminantes mientras se relaciona con el conocimiento y la ciencia de los inuit. El programa de comunicación científica en curso basado en la comunidad ahora está codirigido por el Gobierno de Nunatsiavut.

Además de sus numerosas publicaciones revisadas por pares como investigadora, Provencher es autora de varios capítulos de libros y artículos de literatura gris, algunos de ellos sobre los retos de las mujeres y los investigadores que inician su carrera en la comunidad científica.

Premios y reconocimientos
Provencher ha recibido numerosos premios como investigadora y divulgadora. Estos son algunos de sus reconocimientos:

2018: Beca posdoctoral Liber Ero

2018: Beca posdoctoral NSERC

2016, 2017: Beca posdoctoral W. Garfield Weston en Investigación del Norte

2014: Premio en memoria de Jennifer Robinson, Instituto Ártico de América del Norte

2014, 2015, 2016: Beca Bonnycastle en Biología de Humedales y Aves Acuáticas, Ducks Unlimited Canadá

2013: Premio Lorraine Allison Memorial, Instituto Ártico de América del Norte

2013: Premio W. Garfield Weston de Investigación de Asuntos Nórdicos (PhD)

Medios de comunicación y divulgación
Provencher tiene presencia habitual en diversos medios de radio, televisión. Ha sido entrevistada en medios locales, nacionales e internacionales. Esto incluye a Newsweek, Maclean's, CBC y The Guardian. Estos son algunos de los trabajos realizados en medios:

En 2011, Margaret Munro, escritora científica y periodista, escribió sobre el trabajo de Prevencher de evaluación de los plásticos en las aves marinas del norte, "Un montón de plásticos en las aves árticas de Canadá".

En 2012, el Departamento de Asuntos Aborígenes y Desarrollo del Norte de Canadá (AANDC) produjo un video que presenta el trabajo de Provencher con los inuit para estudiar los patos Eider. Provencher también apareció en la revista de Duck's Unlimited, The Conservator, por este trabajo ganador de la beca.  En 2015, la revista Smithsonian presentó a Provencher en un artículo que destacaba su investigación en cómo las aves marinas actúan como vectores de contaminantes marinos arrojados a la tierra.

En 2017 fue entrevistada para los informativos de la CBC sobre los miles de millones de partículas de plástico introducidas en las aguas del Ártico a través de la 'cinta transportadora' del océano.

En 2018, Provencher y la ministra de Medio Ambiente y Cambio Climático, Catherine McKenna, visitaron Nueva Escocia, para debatir la contaminación plástica y su amenaza para las aves marinas y la costa atlántica. Más tarde, la ministra expresó su orgullo por haber trabajado con una funcionaria pública tan dedicada como Provencher, y mencionó que la charla de Provencher sobre el equilibrio entre el trabajo y la vida personal era un mensaje importante.

Ese mismo año, formó parte de una cobertura de radio de la CBC sobre la prohibición en el Reino Unido de las pajitas de plástico y otros artículos de un solo uso y lo que se podría hacer en Canadá, titulada "Necesitamos repensar toda la industria del plástico: no es suficiente".

En 2019, apareció en un artículo de la revista canadiense Maclean's "¿Es esa mi bolsa de plástico en la fosa de las Marianas?" y fue una de los tres invitados investigadores del tema plásticos que formaron parte de un panel de discusión sobre los plásticos en los océanos en la reunión de Avance de la Ciencia de 2019, Washington, DC.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Alumnado de la Universidad de Columbia Británica
Biólogas de Canadá


text:
Le SKWAL (TM) est un des nombreux sports de glisse dérivés du ski. Ce sport porte le nom de la planche utilisée pour celui-ci. Elle est similaire à un snowboard ou un monoski en ce que les deux pieds sont attachés à la même planche. La particularité de la position de SKWAL (tm) tient au fait que les deux pieds sont l'un devant l'autre, sur une ligne suivant la direction de la planche. Cela diffère de la position sur un snowboard (où les pieds sont en travers de la direction de la planche) et sur un monoski (où les pieds sont côte à côte). On appelle parfois « SKWALeurs » et « SKWALinettes » les pratiquants et pratiquantes de ce sport. Contrairement au snowboardeur, le SKWALeur est de face sur sa planche, ce qui le rapproche plus de la position du skieur. Il s'agit donc bien d'un sport tout à fait à part.

Histoire

Le SKWAL(TM) est inventé en 1992 par deux moniteurs de ski français Patrick « Thias » Balmain et Manuel Jammes à Valfrejus. Le premier prototype est apparu en 1992. Ils l'envisagent alors comme un moyen de proposer des sensations différentes de celles du ski et du snowboard, à une époque où les skis paraboliques commencent juste à apparaître. La société française Lacroix se montre intéressée, recrute Patrick Balmain, et se lance dans la production de planche sous la marque SKWAL déposée en 1992 par Patrick Balmain. Quelques années plus tard, Thias quitte Lacroix et crée sa propre société de fabrication de planches SKWAL (TM). Quelques autres fabricants de telles planches apparaissent ensuite.

Il semble que deux facteurs ont ralenti l'adoption du concept SKWAL (TM) par un grand nombre. On cite en général la réputation de difficulté qui entoure cette discipline, sans doute à cause de l'étroitesse de la planche. Mais le facteur le plus important est certainement l'apparition et la généralisation des skis paraboliques, qui permettent enfin aux skieurs de faire les fameux virages coupés autrefois réservés aux snowboardeurs et aux pratiquants de SKWAL (TM). Cependant, malgré ces difficultés, le sport a su s'imposer dans le temps. En effet le nombre de pratiquants de SKWAL (TM), quoique peu important, augmente chaque année. L'activité industrielle semble également stable, elle peut en effet compter sur un marché de niche fidèle.

Matériel

Planches
La planche de SKWAL (TM) est plus étroite qu'un snowboard ou même qu'un monoski. À titre d'exemple, un modèle standard mesure environ  de long pour  de large. À l'instar des snowboards, les planches SKWAL (TM) sont des planches paraboliques.

Il existe plus d'une vingtaine de modèles de planches SKWAL (TM), adaptés aux différents niveaux (débutant, confirmé), gabarits et pratiques (carving, poudreuse, etc.)

Fixations
Il s'agit de fixations spécifiques. Elles sont assez proches des fixations de snowboard alpin. Elles sont en général légèrement plus fines pour ne pas déborder des côtés de la planche de SKWAL (TM), qui est très fine au patin.

Elles ont la particularité d'avoir un canting (cambrure) destiné à avoir la pointe du pied avant et le talon du pied arrière surélevés pour un meilleur appui en virage

Chaussures
Il n'existe pas à ce jour de chaussures spécifiques pour le SKWAL (TM).

Pour pratiquer la glisse avec des planches SKWAL (TM) on a besoin d'une chaussure qui permette une bonne flexion de la cheville, car la position de glisse est plus basse que celle du skieur. Dans le plan latéral, il faut une chaussure suffisamment rigide pour que le contrôle de la prise de carre soit optimal.

Les chaussures de snowboard alpin sont bien souples en flexion et sont aujourd'hui le type de chaussures le plus approprié à la pratique du SKWAL (TM). On peut également utiliser des chaussures de ski de randonnée ou des chaussures de ski « classiques ».

Les chaussures sans réglage manuel de  sont préférables.

Pour le confort, le pied arrière peut être moins tenu que le pied avant (i.e. mis en position  quand la chaussure le permet).

Bâtons
Le SKWAL (TM) peut se pratiquer avec ou sans bâtons. En général, ceux qui utilisent des bâtons les choisissent plus courts que pour le ski.

Technique
Le SKWAL (TM) rappelle le monoski nautique avec lequel il partage le même positionnement des pieds. Il est à la fois accessible et performant. La planche permet en effet un déclenchement de virage très facile. Il s'agit principalement de  (appelé également virages coupés), domaine dans lequel le SKWAL (TM) excelle (aux côtés de son cousin le snowboard alpin). Il permet en effet une prise d'angle très forte et donne au pratiquant une position très spectaculaire et élégante.

Le SKWAL (TM) se veut polyvalent dans tous les types de neige.

Pour un pratiquant régulier du ski ou du snowboard, la prise en main est très rapide.

Rassemblements
La plupart des pratiquants de SKWAL (TM) se trouvent en Europe.
On en trouve également au Japon.

Aux États-Unis, un sport très proche du SKWAL (TM) est plus répandu que ce dernier : le teleboard. C'est un hybride entre le SKWAL (TM) et le télémark.

Des rassemblements sont organisés au cours de l'hiver avec des tests gratuits des nouvelles planches de la saison en cours.

Il y a également un championnat européen.

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 .

Liens externes
 Skwalzone : site d'information et forum sur le SKWAL (TM).
 A.E.S. : site officiel de l'Association Européenne de SKWAL (TM).
 Skwal : liste de fabricants de planches SKWAL (TM).
 skwal.net : site de fabricants de planches SKWAL (TM).
 https://data.inpi.fr/marques/FR92426505?q=skwal#FR92426505

Ski alpin
Matériel de sports d'hiver


text:
Teuchophorus laosensis är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Olejnicek 2003. Teuchophorus laosensis ingår i släktet Teuchophorus och familjen styltflugor.

Artens utbredningsområde är Laos. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Styltflugor
laosensis


text:
Blade Runner – ścieżka dźwiękowa do filmu Łowca androidów autorstwa Vangelisa. Pomimo informacji w napisach końcowych filmu, dotyczącej wydania oryginalnej ścieżki dźwiękowej, w 1982 roku ukazała się tylko płyta nagrana przez New American Orchestra, zawierająca orkiestrowe interpretacje muzyki napisanej przez Vangelisa do filmu Łowca androidów. W 1989 roku na składance Vangelisa Themes po raz pierwszy opublikowano dwa utwory będące oryginalnymi nagraniami do filmu. Dopiero w 1994 roku oficjalnie ukazał się soundtrack Vangelisa. Nie zawierał on jednak wszystkich kompozycji słyszanych w filmie. Ponadto premierowo zamieszczono na nim utwory, które napisano do filmu, ale nie zostały w nim wykorzystane.

W 2007 r. muzykę tę wydano ponownie, wzbogacając zarówno kolejną partią utworów niepublikowanych, jak i nowymi kompozycjami. Wydawnictwo nosiło tytuł Blade Runner Trilogy, 25th Anniversary i składało się z 3 płyt. CD1 zawierała standardową ścieżkę dźwiękową, na CD2 znalazła się niepublikowana wcześniej dodatkowa muzyka wykorzystana w filmie, a zawartość CD3 stanowiły całkowicie nowe utwory, skomponowane z okazji 25-lecia filmu. Wśród nich znalazła się kompozycja "Spotkanie z Matką", w której Roman Polański po polsku recytował fragment wiersza Konstantego Ildefonsa Gałczyńskiego.

Wydanie 1994
 Main titles (3:42)
 Blush response (5:44)
 Wait for me (5:27)
 Rachel's song (4:42)
 Love theme (4:53)
 One more kiss, dear (3:57)
 Blade runner blues (8:52)
 Memories of green (5:03)
 Tales of the future (4:45)
 Damask rose (2:33)
 Blade runner - end titles (4:39)
 Tears in rain (2:59)

Wydanie 2007

cd 1: Blade Runner 1994 Soundtrack Album

cd 2: Blade Runner Previously Unreleased & Bonus Material (43:54)
 Longing (1:57)
 Unveiled twinkling space (1:59)
 Dr. Tyrell's owl (2:39)
 At Mr. Chew's (4:47)
 Leo's room (2:21)
 One alone (2:22)
 Deckard and Roy's duel (6:16)
 Dr. Tyrell's death (3:10)
 Desolation path (5:44)
 Empty streets (6:16)
 Mechanical dolls (2:52)
 Fading away (3:31)

cd 3: BR 25 (48:13)
 Launch approval (1:53)
 Up and running (3:08)
 Mail from India (3:27)
 BR downtown (2:27)
 Dimitri's bar (3:51)
 Sweet solitude (6:56)
 No expectation boulevard (6:44)
 Vadavarot (4:14)
 Perfume exotico (5:19)
 Spotkanie z Matką (5:09)
 Piano in an empty room (3:36)
 Keep asking (1:29)

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Okładka

Albumy Vangelisa
Albumy East West Records
Albumy Atlantic Records
Łowca androidów
Ścieżki dźwiękowe wydane w roku 1994
Ścieżki dźwiękowe do filmów


text:
Una ley habilitante es una legislación en la cual un órgano legislativo otorga a una entidad que necesita autorización o legitimidad de poder para tomar ciertas acciones. Por ejemplo, las leyes habilitantes generalmente establecen agencias gubernamentales para llevar a cabo acciones específicas en un Estado moderno. Los efectos de las leyes habilitantes varían bastante entre tiempos y naciones diferentes. Por ejemplo, en Francia, el General Charles de  Gaulle se preocupó por incluir en la Constitución (artículo 16) poderes habilitantes si la nación se encontraba en peligro en su independencia y/o control de su territorio.

Alemania

Ley habilitante de 1933

La Ley para solucionar los peligros que acechan al Pueblo y al Estado (Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich), mejor conocida como la Ley habilitante de 1933 (Ermächtigungsgesetz, en alemán) fue aprobada por el Parlamento alemán el 23 de marzo de 1933, tras encerrar a todos los diputados del Partido Comunista de Alemania en campos de concentración. Fue el segundo instrumento jurídico, después del Decreto del Incendio del Reichstag, mediante el cual los nacionalsocialistas obtuvieron poderes dictatoriales bajo una apariencia de legalidad. La ley concedía al Canciller Adolf Hitler y a su gabinete el derecho a aprobar leyes sin la participación del parlamento, lo que supuso de facto el fin de la democracia, de la República de Weimar y de su Constitución.

Chile
En la Constitución Política de Chile, en su artículo 61 (reformada y convertida en artículo N° 64), se establece que el presidente de la república chilena tiene la potestad de solicitar al Congreso Nacional una habilitación para dictar disposiciones con fuerza de ley durante un período máximo de un año.

Asimismo en el artículo 54, en lo referente a la aprobación de tratados internacionales, especifica que es de exclusiva competencia del Congreso Nacional. Sin embargo, dicho cuerpo legislativo puede habilitar al presidente de la república a dictar disposiciones con fuerza de ley a fin de que la nación pueda cumplir correctamente dichos tratados.

En todo caso, la habilitación para dictar disposiciones con fuerza de ley deberá estar especificada explícitamente en la ley que a tal efecto apruebe el Congreso, pero no podrá "... comprender facultades que afecten la organización, atribuciones y régimen de los funcionarios del Poder Judicial, del Congreso Nacional, del Tribunal Constitucional ni de la Contraloría General de la República, ...".

Estados Unidos
El presidente de los Estados Unidos de América puede emitir órdenes ejecutivas con fuerza de Ley. Dichas órdenes son disposiciones dictadas por los presidentes de Estados Unidos para gestionar las operaciones del gobierno federal. Las órdenes ejecutivas tienen fuerza de ley cuando se sustentan en las facultades en materia legislativa otorgadas directamente al poder ejecutivo por la Constitución (artículo II), o se dictan conforme a leyes del Congreso que explícitamente delegan en el presidente cierto grado de poder discrecional (legislación delegada).

Reino Unido

Ley Habilitante de la Asamblea de la Iglesia de Inglaterra de 1919
La Ley Habilitante de la Asamblea de la Iglesia de Inglaterra de 1919 dio un grado considerable de autogobierno a la Iglesia de Inglaterra, al tiempo que conservaba la supervisión parlamentaria general. Antes de su aprobación, casi todos los ajustes a la estructura legal de la Iglesia de Inglaterra habían implicado la obtención de un proyecto de ley específico en el Parlamento. Se necesitaron nueve sesiones para aprobar el salario del Archidiácono de Cornualles, y de los 217 proyectos de ley introducidos en la Cámara de los Comunes entre 1880 y 1913, solo 33 pasaron a ser leyes por falta de tiempo parlamentario, entre las perjudicadas se encontraban los proyectos de ley para establecer nuevas diócesis.

La Ley dio a la recién establecida Asamblea de la Iglesia, predecesora del Sínodo General, el poder de preparar y presentar al Parlamento medidas que podrían ser aprobadas o rechazadas, pero que no fueron modificadas por ninguna Cámara. Antes de ser votados, las propuestas eran examinadas por un Comité Eclesiástico de ambas Cámaras que informaban sobre sus efectos e implicaciones. Una vez aprobada en el Parlamento, la medida se convertía en ley al recibir el asentimiento real.

La Ley continúa aplicándose hoy al Sínodo General de la Iglesia de Inglaterra que, como resultado de la Medida de Gobierno Sinodal de 1969, reemplazó a la Asamblea de la Iglesia con el objetivo de lograr la plena integración de los laicos y eliminar las complicaciones causadas por el doble control de las Convocaciones de Canterbury y de York, y de la Asamblea. Todos los poderes de la Asamblea pasaron al nuevo sínodo junto con muchos de los de las Convocatorias.

Venezuela

En Venezuela, se otorgaron leyes habilitantes para gobernar por decreto en asuntos determinados a los presidentes Rómulo Betancourt (1959), Carlos Andrés Pérez (1974), Jaime Lusinchi (1984), Ramón José Velásquez (1993) y Rafael Caldera (1994). Pérez realizó más de 3000 decretos con las atribuciones otorgadas.

A mediados de 1999, la Asamblea Nacional le permitió a Hugo Chávez legislar por seis meses sobre asuntos limitados, a lo relacionados con la economía basados en la Constitución de 1961; después en noviembre del año 2000 con la Constitución de 1999 le otorgaron legislar por un año con la ley habilitante pero más ampliada en poderes, en asuntos competentes en materia económica y financiera, en la reorganización de ministerios, propiedad privada, participación empresarial y crimen. Chávez esperó aplicar esta habilitante hasta poco antes de su expiración, cuando aprobó 49 decretos rápidamente, muchos de los cuales fueron controversiales.

En 2007, una nueva ley habilitante le concedió facultades a Chávez por 18 meses, dándole al presidente el poder de legislar sobre ciertos asuntos económicos, sociales, territoriales, científicos y de defensa, al igual que control sobre transporte, regulaciones de participación popular y reglas para gobernar en instituciones estatales.

Véase también

 Referéndum constitucional de Turquía de 2017, el cual fue definido por algunos medios como una ley habilitante.

Referencias

Gobierno
Política
Derecho


text:
The list of Phi Beta Sigma() Conclaves includes actual, proposed, and forthcoming international conventions of Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity.

The Conclave is the legislative power of Phi Beta Sigma. During a conclave year, delegates representing all of the active chapters from within the seven regions of the fraternity meet in the chosen city. The conclave-or fraternity convention- is currently held biannually and usually hosted by the Graduate chapter(s) of the chosen city. The host city is chosen through a selection process in which each of the eligible region nominates a city and a formal bid is submitted. As of 2009, Phi Beta Sigma has held over 95 conventions in various cities throughout the United States The fraternity held its first conclave in Washington, D.C. on December 20, 1916.

Conclave

The Conclave is the legislative power of Phi Beta Sigma. During a conclave year, delegates representing all of the active chapters from within the seven regions of the fraternity meet in the chosen city. The conclave-or fraternity convention- is currently held biannually and usually hosted by the Graduate chapter(s) of the chosen city. During the convention, members of the General Board – the administrative body of the fraternity-are elected and appointed. The general board may act in the interest of the fraternity when the conclave is not in session. In addition, seminars, social events, concerts, an international Miss Phi Beta Sigma Pageant, Stepshow, and oratorical contests are also held during the week-long conference. Throughout the years, notable individuals such as George Washington Carver, and Dr. Carter G. Woodson were speakers at past conclaves.

Host city selection process

The conclave—or fraternity convention—is currently held biannually and usually hosted by the graduate chapter(s) of the chosen city. The host city is chosen through a selection process in which each eligible region nominates a city and a formal bid is submitted. The region in which the current conclave is being held is ineligible for submitting a bid for the succeeding conclave.

List of conclaves

Notes
a.  Preferably does not include scheduled Pre-Conclave and Post-Conclave activities

b.  No conclaves were held in 1917 & 1918 due to World War I.

c.  No conclaves were held in 1931 & 1932 due to the Great Depression.

d.  No conclaves were held in 1942 & 1943 due to World War II.

References

National Conference Lists
Lists of fraternity and sorority national conferences


text:
Das Grün-Alternative Bündnis im Kanton Basel-Stadt ist ein Listenzusammenschluss der Parteien Grüne Partei Basel-Stadt und Basels starke Alternative (BastA) und ihrer gemeinsamen Jungpartei Junges Grünes Bündnis Norwest (jgb). Beide Mutterparteien gehören der Grünen Partei der Schweiz an.

Im basel-städtischen Grossen Rat bildet das Grün-Alternative Bündnis mit 18 von 100 Sitzen die zweitstärkste Fraktion. Im Riehener Einwohnerrat hält es 2 von 40 Sitzen.

Weblinks
 Website des Grün-Alternativen Bündnisses
 Website des Jungen Grünen Bündnisses Nordwest

Einzelnachweise

Grüne Partei
Partei (Kanton Basel-Stadt)
Grüne Schweiz


text:
Universally speaking – piosenka amerykańskiej grupy Red Hot Chili Peppers, wydana jako czwarty singel z albumu By the Way, wydanego w 2003 roku.

Recepcja
Na łamach czasopisma Billboard dziennikarz Miachael Paoletta napisał, że melodia utworu nawiązuje do dokonań amerykańskiego kompozytora Burta Bacharacha.

Lista utworów
 Singiel CD – wersja #1 (2003)
 "Universally Speaking"  – 4:18
 "By the Way"  – 4:59
 "Don't Forget Me"  – 5:07

 Singiel CD – wersja #2 (2003)
 "Universally Speaking"  – 4:20
 "Slowly Deeply"  – 2:40
 "Universally Speaking"

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Okładka

Single Red Hot Chili Peppers
Piosenki wyprodukowane przez Ricka Rubina
Single wydane w roku 2003


text:
Bei den IV. Olympischen Spielen 1908 in London fanden einmalig ein Einzel- und ein Doppelwettbewerb im Rackets statt, einem Vorläufer des Squash. Austragungsort war der Queen's Club im Stadtteil West Kensington.

Ergebnisse

Einzel

Datum: 30. April bis 1. Mai 1908
6 Teilnehmer aus 1 Land

Gespielt wurde auf drei Gewinnsätze bis 15 Punkte; stand es 14:14, gab es eine Verlängerung bis 18 Punkte. Das Finale gewann Evan Baillie Noel kampflos, da sein Gegner am Ende seines Halbfinales eine Handverletzung erlitten hatte.

Doppel

Datum: 27. April bis 1. Mai 1908
6 Teilnehmer aus 1 Land

Gespielt wurde auf drei Gewinnsätze bis 15 Punkte; stand es 14:14, gab es eine Verlängerung bis zu 18 Punkte. Es gab nur zwei Spiele: Astor / Pennell schlugen Noel / Leaf mit 15:11, 0:15, 15:7, 18:14 und 17:15. Das Finale gewannen Astor / Pennell gegen Bury / Browning mit 6:15, 15:7, 16:15, 15:6 und 15:7.

Weblinks

 Offizieller Bericht der Olympischen Spiele 1908 (PDF, 12,4 MB)

Racket
Racketswettbewerb
Sportveranstaltung im London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham


text:
Малкочоглу је отоманска династија, српског порекла из периода 14-16 века. Интегрисана у османску владавину Румелије.

Бројни представници рода, чији је отац Малкоч-бег, служе као акинџије. Према легенди, Малкоч-бегова корњача налази се у селу Бурја, које се у прошлости звало Малкочево.

У 14-16 веку под владавином султана Мехмед II Освајач и Бајазит II, породица је била позната широм Румелије као гази, а њена господства су била око Силистре.

Референце

Малкочоглу
Срби у Османском царству


text:
Sábarmatí (साबरमती नदी) je řeka v Indii. Pramení v pohoří Arávalí nedaleko Udajpuru, protéká státy Rádžasthán a Gudžarát a vlévá se do Khambhátského zálivu. Je dlouhá 371 km, její povodí má rozlohu 30 680 km² a průměrný průtok řeky je 120 m³ za sekundu. Stav vody je závislý na monzunových cyklech, roční srážky v povodí řeky se pohybují mezi 450 a 800 mm. Řeka je využívána k zavlažování, závisí na ní okolo 16 000 čtverečních kilometrů orné půdy.

Hlavními přítoky jsou Hathmatí a Harnáv. Na řece byla založena města Gándhínagar a Ahmadábád. V roce 1978 byla nedaleko Dhároí postavena přehrada s hydroelektrárnou.

Podle pověsti řeka vznikla, když sem Šiva přivedl říční bohyni Gangu. Sábarmatí je také spojena s působením starověkého mudrce Kapily.

Na břehu řeky na okraji Ahmadábádu byl v roce 1915 založen ášram, v němž pobýval Mahátma Gándhí a vyrazil odsud v březnu 1930 na proslulý Solný pochod. V roce 1963 bylo v ášramu zřízeno muzeum, které navštíví ročně okolo 700 000 lidí.

Reference

Externí odkazy

Řeky v Indii


text:
Juana Azurduy de Padilla (* 12. Juli 1780 oder 1781 in Chuquisaca, Vizekönigreich des Río de la Plata (heute Sucre, Bolivien); † 25. Mai 1862 ebenda);
war eine lateinamerikanische Guerilla-Führerin im Kampf gegen die Spanier und gilt als eine der berühmtesten Freiheitskämpferinnen der Südamerikanischen Unabhängigkeitskriege.

Leben
Juana Azurduy hatte sowohl europäische als auch indigene Vorfahren und sprach neben Spanisch fließend Quechua und Aymara.

Sie und ihr Ehemann Manuel Ascencio Padilla schlossen sich der Revolution von Chuquisaca von 1809 an und in den folgenden Jahren kämpfte Juana Azurduy an der Seite ihres Mannes weiter gegen die spanischen Truppen. Für ihre Leistungen wurde sie 1816 von der Regierung von Buenos Aires zum Oberstleutnant ernannt. Im selben Jahr wurde ihr Mann im Kampf tödlich verletzt.

1818 ging sie mit einigen ihrer Soldaten nach Nordargentinien, wo sie den Kampf unter dem Guerilla-Führer General Martín Miguel de Güemes fortsetzte.

Nach dem Ende ihrer Militärkarriere kehrte sie 1825 nach Chuquisaca zurück, wo sie 1862 starb.

Ehrungen
Vor allem in Bolivien und Argentinien wird die Erinnerung an Azurduy hochgehalten:
 In Bolivien ist die Provinz Azurduy nach ihr benannt worden.
 Ihr sind in den meisten größeren Städten Boliviens Schulen oder Straßen gewidmet.
 Sie ist Namensgeberin des "Programa de Fortalecimiento de Derechos y Participación de las Mujeres Juana Azurduy", ein Programm des argentinischen Staates zur Förderung von Frauenrechten.
 Im Jahr 2009 hat die bolivianische Regierung unter Evo Morales  das Programm Bono Juana Azurduy de Padilla eingeführt, durch welches die Mütter- und Kindersterblichkeit gesenkt werden soll. Schwangere Frauen, die an dem Programm teilnehmen wollen, müssen während der Schwangerschaft regelmäßig zu Vorsorgeuntersuchungen gehen und nach der Entbindung den Säugling zu Kontrollen in eine der dezentralen staatlichen Gesundheitszentren bringen. Sie erhalten als Anreiz hierfür eine finanzielle Zuwendung von insgesamt bis zu 1.820 Bolivianos (ca. 260 US$) bis zum Kindesalter von 2 Jahren.
 2009 wurde ihr von der argentinischen Präsidentin Cristina Fernández de Kirchner posthum als erste Frau der Rang des Generals der argentinischen Armee verliehen.
 2011 wurde ihr posthum als erste Frau der Rang des Marschalls des Plurinationalen Staats Bolivien verliehen.
 Am 15. Juli 2015 wurde von den beiden Staatsoberhäuptern Argentiniens und Boliviens gemeinsam ein Monument in der Nähe des Regierungsgebäudes Casa Rosada in Buenos Aires eingeweiht.
 Sie ist Namensgeberin für den Punta Azurduy, eine Landspitze in der Antarktis.

Literatur
 Fernando Sabsay: Caudillos de la Argentina. El Ateneo, Buenos Aires 2002, ISBN 950-02-6364-5, S. 125–133: Juana Azurduy (1780).

Einzelnachweise

Bolivianer
Geboren im 18. Jahrhundert
Gestorben 1862
Frau
Guerilla (Person)


text:
Wiązownica-Kolonia  is a colony in the administrative district of Gmina Staszów, within Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Staszów and  south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

The village has a population of  615.

Demography
According to the 2002 Poland census, there were 497 people residing in Wiązownica-Kolonia village, of whom 51.1% were male and 48.9% were female. In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 33.4% from 18 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.9% who were 65 years of age or older.
 Figure 1. Population pyramid of village in 2002 — by age group and sex

References

Villages in Staszów County


text:
Columbio, officially the Municipality of Columbio (;  Maguindanaon: Inged nu Columbio), is a 1st class municipality in Sultan Kudarat, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 33,527 people.

History
The municipality of Columbio was transferred from Cotabato Province to Province of Sultan Kudarat on November 22, 1973, by presidential decree 341  by President Ferdinand E. Marcos.

Geography

Barangays
Columbio is politically subdivided into 16 barangays.

Climate

Demographics

Columbio is inhabited by ethnic groups such as the Ilocanos, Ilonggos, Blaan and Maguindanaon. Ilocanos and Ilonggos are the only inhabitants of the town not native to Mindanao.

Economy

References

External links
Columbio Profile at PhilAtlas.com
  Columbio Profile at the DTI Cities and Municipalities Competitive Index
[ Philippine Standard Geographic Code]
Philippine Census Information
Local Governance Performance Management System

Municipalities of Sultan Kudarat


text:
Carson Cumberbatch PLC is one of the largest conglomerates in Sri Lanka which also has business interests in Indonesia, Malaysia, and India. The company has its origin in the colonial era, having been founded by merging two companies founded by R. B. Carson and Henry Cumberbatch (nephew of Robert William Cumberbatch). The Selvanathan family, founders of the Sri Krishna Corporation, is the ultimate controlling shareholder of the company.

History
The company has its origin in the colonial era, having founded by merging two companies founded by R. B. Carson and Henry Cumberbatch (nephew of Robert William Cumberbatch). The rubber interest of the Carson and Company traded in 1910 in London Stock Exchange with a capital of 1.5 million sterling pounds thus making it the largest rubber business of the country at that time. The Carson and Company converted to a limited liability company in 1913, and the merger with Cumberbatch and Company happened in 1947. In 1976, the company diversified into hotels by building Giritale Hotel and Moonlight Beach Hotel and taking over the management of Pegasus Reef Hotel. In 1988, Sri Krishna Corporation Limited, a 75 years old company, acquired a controlling interest in Carson Cumberbatch. In 1995, Carson expanded its palm oil interest into Indonesia, and in 1997 a new brewery in Biyagama was commissioned.

In 2006, through Agro Bukit, the company acquired a new plantation of  in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Goodhope Asia Holdings was incorporated in 2008 in Singapore to consolidate the company's plantation sector, and in 2014 the company acquired the Millers Brewery. In September 2020, Ceylon Guardian Investment Trust PLC, the investment managing subsidiary of Carson Cumberbatch entered into an agreement with Singapore-based Gazelle Asset Management to sell 84% of the stake of Guardian Capital Partners PLC. When that agreement did not realise, Carson Cumberbatch, sold a 75.6% stake of Guardian Capital Partners PLC to a Renuka Holdings-led consortium for LKR636 million in October 2021.

Corporate structure
Bukit Darah PLC, a member of Carsons Group, is the largest shareholder of the company while the Selvanathan family, founders of the Sri Krishna Corporation, is the ultimate controlling shareholder. In turn, Carson Cumberbatch owns a 6.15% of shares of Bukit Darah PLC in a circular ownership scenario. The company holds ten quoted companies including Pegasus Hotels of Ceylon, Good Hope PLC, Ceylon Beverage Holdings, and Lion Brewery (Ceylon) and many unquoted companies including Millers Brewery, Agro Bukit, and Pubs 'N Places (Private) Ltd.

Quoted subsidiaries

Source: Annual Report, 2021/22

Operations
The company engaged in businesses in oil palm plantations, beverage, portfolio and asset management, real estate, and leisure sectors and operates in Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia and India. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the company provided LKR20 million worth of equipment for enhancing PCR testing capabilities to the Ministry of Health. In the year ended on 31 March 2020, the Carson Cumberbatch group incurred a collective loss of LKR 2.65 billion and despite the losses, none of the employees lost jobs or had to take pay cuts.

See also
 List of companies listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange
 List of Sri Lankan public corporations by market capitalisation

References

External links
 Official website

1913 establishments in Ceylon
Companies listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange
Conglomerate companies of Sri Lanka
Holding companies of Sri Lanka
Companies established in 1913


text:
Нина Дмитриевна Сафронова (1909 — 28 июля 1995) — передовик советского сельского хозяйства, доярка подсобного хозяйства «Горки-II» Звенигородского района Московской области, Герой Социалистического Труда (1953).

Биография
Родилась в 1909 году в Тамбовской губернии в русской крестьянской семье. Получив начальное образование в сельской школе, начала трудовую деятельность в сельском хозяйстве. Во время Великой Отечественной войны после возвращения общественного стада из эвакуации в 1943 году поступила на работу в подмосковный совхоз "Горки-II" Московской области. Очень быстро освоила профессию доярки, без отрыва от производства посещала курсы животноводов.

В 1948 году была введена двухсменная организация труда. За доярками Сафроновой и Скворцовой было закреплено 20 коров. В 1952 году передовые доярки достигли высоких производственных результатов, сумев получить от каждой из семнадцати закреплённых коров по 6101 килограмма молока с содержанием 212 килограммов молочного жира от каждой коровы в среднем за год.

За достижение высоких показателей в животноводстве в 1952 году, Указом Президиума Верховного Совета СССР от 19 декабря 1953 года Нине Дмитриевне Сафроновой было присвоено звание Героя Социалистического Труда с вручением ордена Ленина и золотой медали «Серп и Молот».

В дальнейшем продолжала трудовую деятельность постоянно показывала высокие показатели по надою молока. С 1968 года являлась персональным пенсионером всесоюзного значения. .

Проживала в посёлке Горки-II Одинцовского района Московской области. Умерла 28 июля 1995 года.

Награды
За трудовые успехи удостоена:
 золотая звезда «Серп и Молот» (19.12.1953),
 орден Ленина (19.12.1953),
 другие медали.

Примечания

Литература
 Семёнов С. Г. Ордена Ленина совхоз Горки-II. Москва, 1954.

Ссылки

Доярки


text:
Athanase George Politis (; 24 March 1893 – 4 April 1968, New York) was a Greek diplomat and historian, ambassador to the U.S.S.R. (1941–47) and to the United States (1950–54), who also represented his country at United Nations regional conferences. He had also "spent more than thirty years in his country's legations and embassies in Egypt, England, Japan." He resigned "in disagreement with the Cyprus policy of the Greek Government."

Writings
 L'Hellénisme et l'Égypte moderne, Félix Alcan, Paris (1929-1930), 2 volumes
 Les rapports de la Grèce et de l'Égypte pendant le règne de Mohamed Aly (1833-1849), Société royale de géographie d'Égypte, Rome (1935)

References

1968 deaths
1893 births
Ambassadors of Greece to the United States
20th-century Greek historians
Greek expatriates in the Soviet Union