text:
;(function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof require=="function"&&require;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);throw new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'")}var f=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(f.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},f,f.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof require=="function"&&require;for(var o=0;o<r.length;o++)s(r[o]);return s})({1:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports = {
  jenks: require('./lib/jenks'),
  quantile: require('./lib/quantile'),
  save: require('./lib/save'),
  envelope: require('./lib/envelope'),
  square: require('./lib/square'),
  midpoint: require('./lib/midpoint'),
  buffer: require('./lib/buffer'),
  center: require('./lib/center'),
  centroid: require('./lib/centroid'),
  combine: require('./lib/combine'),
  contour: require('./lib/contour'),
  distance: require('./lib/distance'),
  explode: require('./lib/explode'),
  extent: require('./lib/extent'),
  bboxPolygon: require('./lib/bboxPolygon'),
  featurecollection: require('./lib/featurecollection'),
  filter: require('./lib/filter'),
  grid: require('./lib/grid'),
  inside: require('./lib/inside'),
  intersect: require('./lib/intersect'),
  linestring: require('./lib/linestring'),
  load: require('./lib/load'),
  nearest: require('./lib/nearest'),
  planepoint: require('./lib/planepoint'),
  point: require('./lib/point'),
  polygon: require('./lib/polygon'),
  quantile: require('./lib/quantile'),
  reclass: require('./lib/reclass'),
  remove: require('./lib/remove'),
  tin: require('./lib/tin'),
  union: require('./lib/union')
}

},{"./lib/bboxPolygon":2,"./lib/buffer":3,"./lib/center":4,"./lib/centroid":5,"./lib/combine":6,"./lib/contour":7,"./lib/distance":8,"./lib/envelope":9,"./lib/explode":10,"./lib/extent":11,"./lib/featurecollection":12,"./lib/filter":13,"./lib/grid":14,"./lib/inside":15,"./lib/intersect":16,"./lib/jenks":17,"./lib/linestring":18,"./lib/load":19,"./lib/midpoint":20,"./lib/nearest":21,"./lib/planepoint":22,"./lib/point":23,"./lib/polygon":24,"./lib/quantile":25,"./lib/reclass":26,"./lib/remove":27,"./lib/save":28,"./lib/square":29,"./lib/tin":30,"./lib/union":31}],2:[function(require,module,exports){
var t = {}
var point = require('../lib/point'),
    polygon = require('../lib/polygon')
t.point = point
t.polygon = polygon

module.exports = function(bbox, done){
  var lowLeft = t.point(bbox[0], bbox[1])
  var topLeft = t.point(bbox[0], bbox[3])
  var topRight = t.point(bbox[2], bbox[3])
  var lowRight = t.point(bbox[2], bbox[1])

  var poly = t.polygon([[
    lowLeft.geometry.coordinates,
    lowRight.geometry.coordinates,
    topRight.geometry.coordinates,
    topLeft.geometry.coordinates
  ]])
  done(null, poly)
}
},{"../lib/point":23,"../lib/polygon":24}],3:[function(require,module,exports){
//http://stackoverflow.com/questions/839899/how-do-i-calculate-a-point-on-a-circles-circumference
//radians = degrees * (pi/180)

var _ = require('lodash')

module.exports = function(point, radius, done){
  var geometry = point.geometry
  var type = geometry.type
  var polygon = {
    "type": "Feature",
    "geometry": {
      "type": "Polygon",
      "coordinates": []
    }
  }

  switch(type){
      case 'Point':
        var coordinates = []
        var x = geometry.coordinates[0]
        var y = geometry.coordinates[1]
        var range = _.range(-180, 180, 1)
        for(var i in _.range(0, 360)){
          var xC = x + radius * Math.cos(range[i] * (Math.PI / 180))
          var yC = y + radius * Math.sin(range[i] * (Math.PI / 180))
          coordinates.push([xC, yC])
        }
        polygon.geometry.coordinates = [coordinates]
        done(null, polygon)
        break
      case 'LineString':
        done(new Error('LineString not implemented'))
        break
      case 'Polygon':
        done(new Error('Polygon not implemented'))
        break
    }
}
},{"lodash":32}],4:[function(require,module,exports){
var t = {}
var extent = require('./extent')
t.extent = extent

module.exports = function(layer, done){
  t.extent(layer, function(err, extent){
    var x = (extent[0] +extent[2])/2
    var y = (extent[1] + extent[3])/2
    var center = {
      "type": "Feature",
      "geometry": {
        "type": "Point",
        "coordinates": [x, y]
      }
    }
    done(center)
  })
}
},{"./extent":11}],5:[function(require,module,exports){
var t = {}
var _ = require('lodash'),
    ss = require('simple-statistics')
    explode = require('./explode'),
    point = require('./point'),
t.explode = explode
t.point = point

module.exports = function(features, done){
  t.explode(features, function(err, vertices){
    var averageX,
        averageY,
        xs = [],
        ys = []

    _.each(vertices.features, function(v){
      xs.push(v.geometry.coordinates[0])
      ys.push(v.geometry.coordinates[1])
    })

    averageX = ss.mean(xs)
    averageY = ss.mean(ys)

    done(err, t.point(averageX, averageY))
  })
}
},{"./explode":10,"./point":23,"lodash":32,"simple-statistics":33}],6:[function(require,module,exports){
//this tool takes an array of like geometries and combines them into a single multipoint, multilinestring, or multipolygon
var _ = require('lodash')

module.exports = function(geometries, done){
  var type = geometries[0].type
  var err
  switch(type){
    case 'Point':
      var multiPoint = {
        type: 'MultiPoint',
        coordinates: []
      }
      multiPoint.coordinates = _.pluck(geometries, 'coordinates')
      done(err, multiPoint)
    break
    case 'LineString':
      var multiLineString = {
        type: 'MultiLineString',
        coordinates: []
      }
      multiLineString.coordinates = _.pluck(geometries, 'coordinates')
      done(err, multiLineString)
      break
    case 'Polygon':
      var multiPolygon = {
        type: 'MultiPolygon',
        coordinates: []
      }
      multiPolygon.coordinates = _.pluck(geometries, 'coordinates')
      done(err, multiPolygon)
    break
  }
}
},{"lodash":32}],7:[function(require,module,exports){
//https://github.com/jasondavies/conrec.js
//http://stackoverflow.com/questions/263305/drawing-a-topographical-map
var t = {}
var _ = require('lodash'),
    fs = require('fs')
    tin = require('./tin'),
    inside = require('./inside'),
    grid = require('./grid'),
    extent = require('./extent'),
    planepoint = require('./planepoint'),
    featurecollection = require('./featurecollection'),
    polygon = require('./polygon'),
    square = require('./square')
t.tin = tin
t.inside = inside
t.grid = grid
t.extent = extent
t.planepoint = planepoint
t.featurecollection = featurecollection
t.polygon = polygon
t.square = square

module.exports = function(points, z, resolution, breaks, done){
  t.tin(points, z, function(err, tinResult){
    t.extent(points, function(err, bbox){
      t.square(bbox, function(err, bbox){
        t.grid(bbox, resolution, function(err, gridResult){
          var data = []
          _(gridResult.features).each(function(pt){
            _(tinResult.features).each(function(triangle){
              t.inside(pt, triangle, function(err, isInside){
                if(isInside){
                  t.planepoint(pt, triangle, function(err, zValue){
                    pt.properties = {}
                    pt.properties[z] = zValue
                  })
                }
                else {
                  //leave pt.properties null
                }
              })
            })
          })
          //fs.writeFileSync('../test/testOut/gridTest.geojson',JSON.stringify(gridResult))
          //fs.writeFileSync('../test/testOut/tinTest.geojson',JSON.stringify(tinResult))

          var depth = Math.sqrt(gridResult.features.length)
          for (var x=0; x<depth; x++){
            var xGroup = gridResult.features.slice(x * depth, (x + 1) * depth)
            var xFlat = []
            _.each(xGroup, function(verticalPoint){
              if(verticalPoint.properties){
                xFlat.push(verticalPoint.properties[z])
              } else{
                xFlat.push(0)
              }
            })
            data.push(xFlat)
          }
          var interval = (bbox[2] - bbox[0]) / depth
          var xCoordinates = []
          var yCoordinates = []
          for (var x=0; x<depth; x++){
            //console.log(x * interval + bbox[0])
            //console.log(x * interval + bbox[1])
            xCoordinates.push(x * interval + bbox[0])
            yCoordinates.push(x * interval + bbox[1])
          }

          var c = new Conrec
          c.contour(data, 0, resolution, 0, resolution, xCoordinates, yCoordinates, breaks.length, breaks)
          var contourList = c.contourList()

          var fc = t.featurecollection([])
          _.each(contourList, function(c){
            if(c.length > 2){
              var polyCoordinates = []
              _.each(c, function(coord){
                polyCoordinates.push([coord.x, coord.y])
              })
              var poly = t.polygon([polyCoordinates])
              poly.properties = {}
              poly.properties[z] = c.level

              fc.features.push(poly)
            }
          })
          //fs.writeFileSync('../test/testOut/contour.geojson',JSON.stringify(fc))
          done(null, fc)
        })
      })
    })
  })
}

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1996-1997 Nicholas Yue
 *
 * This software is copyrighted by Nicholas Yue. This code is based on Paul D.
 * Bourke's CONREC.F routine.
 *
 * The authors hereby grant permission to use, copy, and distribute this
 * software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that existing
 * copyright notices are retained in all copies and that this notice is
 * included verbatim in any distributions. Additionally, the authors grant
 * permission to modify this software and its documentation for any purpose,
 * provided that such modifications are not distributed without the explicit
 * consent of the authors and that existing copyright notices are retained in
 * all copies. Some of the algorithms implemented by this software are
 * patented, observe all applicable patent law.
 *
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR DISTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT
 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, ITS DOCUMENTATION, OR ANY DERIVATIVES THEREOF,
 * EVEN IF THE AUTHORS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * THE AUTHORS AND DISTRIBUTORS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT.  THIS SOFTWARE IS
 * PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE AUTHORS AND DISTRIBUTORS HAVE NO
 * OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR
 * MODIFICATIONS.
 */

  exports.Conrec = Conrec;

  var EPSILON = 1e-10;

  function pointsEqual(a, b) {
    var x = a.x - b.x, y = a.y - b.y;
    return x * x + y * y < EPSILON;
  }

  function reverseList(list) {
    var pp = list.head;

    while (pp) {
      // swap prev/next pointers
      var temp = pp.next;
      pp.next = pp.prev;
      pp.prev = temp;

      // continue through the list
      pp = temp;
    }

    // swap head/tail pointers
    var temp = list.head;
    list.head = list.tail;
    list.tail = temp;
  }

  function ContourBuilder(level) {
    this.level = level;
    this.s = null;
    this.count = 0;
  }
  ContourBuilder.prototype.remove_seq = function(list) {
    // if list is the first item, static ptr s is updated
    if (list.prev) {
      list.prev.next = list.next;
    } else {
      this.s = list.next;
    }

    if (list.next) {
      list.next.prev = list.prev;
    }
    --this.count;
  }
  ContourBuilder.prototype.addSegment = function(a, b) {
    var ss = this.s;
    var ma = null;
    var mb = null;
    var prependA = false;
    var prependB = false;

    while (ss) {
      if (ma == null) {
        // no match for a yet
        if (pointsEqual(a, ss.head.p)) {
          ma = ss;
          prependA = true;
        } else if (pointsEqual(a, ss.tail.p)) {
          ma = ss;
        }
      }
      if (mb == null) {
        // no match for b yet
        if (pointsEqual(b, ss.head.p)) {
          mb = ss;
          prependB = true;
        } else if (pointsEqual(b, ss.tail.p)) {
          mb = ss;
        }
      }
      // if we matched both no need to continue searching
      if (mb != null && ma != null) {
        break;
      } else {
        ss = ss.next;
      }
    }

    // c is the case selector based on which of ma and/or mb are set
    var c = ((ma != null) ? 1 : 0) | ((mb != null) ? 2 : 0);

    switch(c) {
      case 0:   // both unmatched, add as new sequence
        var aa = {p: a, prev: null};
        var bb = {p: b, next: null};
        aa.next = bb;
        bb.prev = aa;

        // create sequence element and push onto head of main list. The order
        // of items in this list is unimportant
        ma = {head: aa, tail: bb, next: this.s, prev: null, closed: false};
        if (this.s) {
          this.s.prev = ma;
        }
        this.s = ma;

        ++this.count;    // not essential - tracks number of unmerged sequences
      break;

      case 1:   // a matched, b did not - thus b extends sequence ma
        var pp = {p: b};

        if (prependA) {
          pp.next = ma.head;
          pp.prev = null;
          ma.head.prev = pp;
          ma.head = pp;
        } else {
          pp.next = null;
          pp.prev = ma.tail;
          ma.tail.next = pp;
          ma.tail = pp;
        }
      break;

      case 2:   // b matched, a did not - thus a extends sequence mb
        var pp = {p: a};

        if (prependB) {
          pp.next = mb.head;
          pp.prev = null;
          mb.head.prev = pp;
          mb.head = pp;
        } else {
          pp.next = null;
          pp.prev = mb.tail;
          mb.tail.next = pp;
          mb.tail = pp;
        }
      break;

      case 3:   // both matched, can merge sequences
        // if the sequences are the same, do nothing, as we are simply closing this path (could set a flag)

        if (ma === mb) {
          var pp = {p: ma.tail.p, next: ma.head, prev: null};
          ma.head.prev = pp;
          ma.head = pp;
          ma.closed = true;
          break;
        }

        // there are 4 ways the sequence pair can be joined. The current setting of prependA and
        // prependB will tell us which type of join is needed. For head/head and tail/tail joins
        // one sequence needs to be reversed
        switch((prependA ? 1 : 0) | (prependB ? 2 : 0)) {
          case 0:   // tail-tail
            // reverse ma and append to mb
            reverseList(ma);
            // fall through to head/tail case
          case 1:   // head-tail
            // ma is appended to mb and ma discarded
            mb.tail.next = ma.head;
            ma.head.prev = mb.tail;
            mb.tail = ma.tail;

            //discard ma sequence record
            this.remove_seq(ma);
          break;

          case 3:   // head-head
            // reverse ma and append mb to it
            reverseList(ma);
            // fall through to tail/head case
          case 2:   // tail-head
            // mb is appended to ma and mb is discarded
            ma.tail.next = mb.head;
            mb.head.prev = ma.tail;
            ma.tail = mb.tail;

            //discard mb sequence record
            this.remove_seq(mb);
        break;
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Implements CONREC.
   *
   * @param {function} drawContour function for drawing contour.  Defaults to a
   *                               custom "contour builder", which populates the
   *                               contours property.
   */
  function Conrec(drawContour) {
    if (!drawContour) {
      var c = this;
      c.contours = {};
      /**
       * drawContour - interface for implementing the user supplied method to
       * render the countours.
       *
       * Draws a line between the start and end coordinates.
       *
       * @param startX    - start coordinate for X
       * @param startY    - start coordinate for Y
       * @param endX      - end coordinate for X
       * @param endY      - end coordinate for Y
       * @param contourLevel - Contour level for line.
       */
      this.drawContour = function(startX, startY, endX, endY, contourLevel, k) {
        var cb = c.contours[k];
        if (!cb) {
          cb = c.contours[k] = new ContourBuilder(contourLevel);
        }
        cb.addSegment({x: startX, y: startY}, {x: endX, y: endY});
      }
      this.contourList = function() {
        var l = [];
        var a = c.contours;
        for (var k in a) {
          var s = a[k].s;
          var level = a[k].level;
          while (s) {
            var h = s.head;
            var l2 = [];
            l2.level = level;
            l2.k = k;
            while (h && h.p) {
              l2.push(h.p);
              h = h.next;
            }
            l.push(l2);
            s = s.next;
          }
        }
        l.sort(function(a, b) { return a.k - b.k });
        return l;
      }
    } else {
      this.drawContour = drawContour;
    }
    this.h  = new Array(5);
    this.sh = new Array(5);
    this.xh = new Array(5);
    this.yh = new Array(5);
  }

  /**
   * contour is a contouring subroutine for rectangularily spaced data
   *
   * It emits calls to a line drawing subroutine supplied by the user which
   * draws a contour map corresponding to real*4data on a randomly spaced
   * rectangular grid. The coordinates emitted are in the same units given in
   * the x() and y() arrays.
   *
   * Any number of contour levels may be specified but they must be in order of
   * increasing value.
   *
   *
   * @param {number[][]} d - matrix of data to contour
   * @param {number} ilb,iub,jlb,jub - index bounds of data matrix
   *
   *             The following two, one dimensional arrays (x and y) contain
   *             the horizontal and vertical coordinates of each sample points.
   * @param {number[]} x  - data matrix column coordinates
   * @param {number[]} y  - data matrix row coordinates
   * @param {number} nc   - number of contour levels
   * @param {number[]} z  - contour levels in increasing order.
   */
  Conrec.prototype.contour = function(d, ilb, iub, jlb, jub, x, y, nc, z) {
    //console.log(y)
    var h = this.h, sh = this.sh, xh = this.xh, yh = this.yh;
    var drawContour = this.drawContour;
    this.contours = {};

    /** private */
    var xsect = function(p1, p2){
      return (h[p2]*xh[p1]-h[p1]*xh[p2])/(h[p2]-h[p1]);
    }

    var ysect = function(p1, p2){
      return (h[p2]*yh[p1]-h[p1]*yh[p2])/(h[p2]-h[p1]);
    }
    var m1;
    var m2;
    var m3;
    var case_value;
    var dmin;
    var dmax;
    var x1 = 0.0;
    var x2 = 0.0;
    var y1 = 0.0;
    var y2 = 0.0;

    // The indexing of im and jm should be noted as it has to start from zero
    // unlike the fortran counter part
    var im = [0, 1, 1, 0];
    var jm = [0, 0, 1, 1];

    // Note that castab is arranged differently from the FORTRAN code because
    // Fortran and C/C++ arrays are transposed of each other, in this case
    // it is more tricky as castab is in 3 dimensions
    var castab = [
      [
        [0, 0, 8], [0, 2, 5], [7, 6, 9]
      ],
      [
        [0, 3, 4], [1, 3, 1], [4, 3, 0]
      ],
      [
        [9, 6, 7], [5, 2, 0], [8, 0, 0]
      ]
    ];

    for (var j=(jub-1);j>=jlb;j--) {
      for (var i=ilb;i<=iub-1;i++) {
        var temp1, temp2;
        temp1 = Math.min(d[i][j],d[i][j+1]);
        temp2 = Math.min(d[i+1][j],d[i+1][j+1]);
        dmin  = Math.min(temp1,temp2);
        temp1 = Math.max(d[i][j],d[i][j+1]);
        temp2 = Math.max(d[i+1][j],d[i+1][j+1]);
        dmax  = Math.max(temp1,temp2);

        if (dmax>=z[0]&&dmin<=z[nc-1]) {
          for (var k=0;k<nc;k++) {
            if (z[k]>=dmin&&z[k]<=dmax) {
              for (var m=4;m>=0;m--) {
                if (m>0) {
                  // The indexing of im and jm should be noted as it has to
                  // start from zero
                  h[m] = d[i+im[m-1]][j+jm[m-1]]-z[k];
                  xh[m] = x[i+im[m-1]];
                  yh[m] = y[j+jm[m-1]];
                } else {
                  h[0] = 0.25*(h[1]+h[2]+h[3]+h[4]);
                  xh[0]=0.5*(x[i]+x[i+1]);
                  yh[0]=0.5*(y[j]+y[j+1]);
                }
                if (h[m]>EPSILON) {
                  sh[m] = 1;
                } else if (h[m]<-EPSILON) {
                  sh[m] = -1;
                } else
                  sh[m] = 0;
              }
              //
              // Note: at this stage the relative heights of the corners and the
              // centre are in the h array, and the corresponding coordinates are
              // in the xh and yh arrays. The centre of the box is indexed by 0
              // and the 4 corners by 1 to 4 as shown below.
              // Each triangle is then indexed by the parameter m, and the 3
              // vertices of each triangle are indexed by parameters m1,m2,and
              // m3.
              // It is assumed that the centre of the box is always vertex 2
              // though this isimportant only when all 3 vertices lie exactly on
              // the same contour level, in which case only the side of the box
              // is drawn.
              //
              //
              //      vertex 4 +-------------------+ vertex 3
              //               | \               / |
              //               |   \    m-3    /   |
              //               |     \       /     |
              //               |       \   /       |
              //               |  m=2    X   m=2   |       the centre is vertex 0
              //               |       /   \       |
              //               |     /       \     |
              //               |   /    m=1    \   |
              //               | /               \ |
              //      vertex 1 +-------------------+ vertex 2
              //
              //
              //
              //               Scan each triangle in the box
              //
              for (m=1;m<=4;m++) {
                m1 = m;
                m2 = 0;
                if (m!=4) {
                    m3 = m+1;
                } else {
                    m3 = 1;
                }
                case_value = castab[sh[m1]+1][sh[m2]+1][sh[m3]+1];
                if (case_value!=0) {
                  switch (case_value) {
                    case 1: // Line between vertices 1 and 2
                      x1=xh[m1];
                      y1=yh[m1];
                      x2=xh[m2];
                      y2=yh[m2];
                      break;
                    case 2: // Line between vertices 2 and 3
                      x1=xh[m2];
                      y1=yh[m2];
                      x2=xh[m3];
                      y2=yh[m3];
                      break;
                    case 3: // Line between vertices 3 and 1
                      x1=xh[m3];
                      y1=yh[m3];
                      x2=xh[m1];
                      y2=yh[m1];
                      break;
                    case 4: // Line between vertex 1 and side 2-3
                      x1=xh[m1];
                      y1=yh[m1];
                      x2=xsect(m2,m3);
                      y2=ysect(m2,m3);
                      break;
                    case 5: // Line between vertex 2 and side 3-1
                      x1=xh[m2];
                      y1=yh[m2];
                      x2=xsect(m3,m1);
                      y2=ysect(m3,m1);
                      break;
                    case 6: //  Line between vertex 3 and side 1-2
                      x1=xh[m3];
                      y1=yh[m3];
                      x2=xsect(m1,m2);
                      y2=ysect(m1,m2);
                      break;
                    case 7: // Line between sides 1-2 and 2-3
                      x1=xsect(m1,m2);
                      y1=ysect(m1,m2);
                      x2=xsect(m2,m3);
                      y2=ysect(m2,m3);
                      break;
                    case 8: // Line between sides 2-3 and 3-1
                      x1=xsect(m2,m3);
                      y1=ysect(m2,m3);
                      x2=xsect(m3,m1);
                      y2=ysect(m3,m1);
                      break;
                    case 9: // Line between sides 3-1 and 1-2
                      x1=xsect(m3,m1);
                      y1=ysect(m3,m1);
                      x2=xsect(m1,m2);
                      y2=ysect(m1,m2);
                      break;
                    default:
                      break;
                  }
                  // Put your processing code here and comment out the printf
                  //printf("%f %f %f %f %f\n",x1,y1,x2,y2,z[k]);
                  drawContour(x1,y1,x2,y2,z[k],k);
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

},{"./extent":11,"./featurecollection":12,"./grid":14,"./inside":15,"./planepoint":22,"./polygon":24,"./square":29,"./tin":30,"fs":35,"lodash":32}],8:[function(require,module,exports){
//http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haversine_formula
//http://www.movable-type.co.uk/scripts/latlong.html
// expects a feature collection of points

module.exports = function(point1, point2, units, done){
  var toRad = function(degree){
    return degree * Math.PI / 180
  }
  var coordinates1 = point1.geometry.coordinates
  var coordinates2 = point2.geometry.coordinates

  /*var dLat = (lat2-lat1).toRad();
  var dLon = (lon2-lon1).toRad();
  var lat1 = lat1.toRad();
  var lat2 = lat2.toRad();*/

  var dLat = toRad(coordinates2[0] - coordinates1[0])
  var dLon = toRad(coordinates2[1] - coordinates1[1])
  var lat1 = toRad(coordinates1[1])
  var lat2 = toRad(coordinates2[1])
  var a = Math.sin(dLat/2) * Math.sin(dLat/2) +
          Math.sin(dLon/2) * Math.sin(dLon/2) * Math.cos(lat1) * Math.cos(lat2)
  var c = 2 * Math.atan2(Math.sqrt(a), Math.sqrt(1-a))

  var R = 0
  switch(units){
    case 'miles':
      R = 3960
      break
    case 'kilometers':
      R = 6373
      break
    case 'degrees':
      R = 57.2957795
      break
    case 'radians':
      R = 1
      break
  }
  var distance = R * c
  done(null, distance)
}

},{}],9:[function(require,module,exports){
var t = {}
var extent = require('./extent'),
    bboxPolygon = require('./bboxPolygon')
t.bboxPolygon = bboxPolygon
t.extent = extent

module.exports = function(features, done){
  t.extent(features, function(err, bbox){
    t.bboxPolygon(bbox, function(err, poly){
      done(err, poly)
    })
  })
}
},{"./bboxPolygon":2,"./extent":11}],10:[function(require,module,exports){
var t = {}
var _ = require('lodash'),
    featurecollection = require('./featurecollection'),
    point = require('./point')
t.featurecollection = featurecollection
t.point = point

module.exports = function(features, done){
  var coordinates = []
  if(features.type === 'FeatureCollection'){
    for(var i in features.features){
      switch(features.features[i].geometry.type){
        case 'Point':
          coordinates.push([features.features[i].geometry.coordinates])
          break
        case 'LineString':
          coordinates.push(features.features[i].geometry.coordinates)
          break
        case 'Polygon':
          coordinates.push(features.features[i].geometry.coordinates)
          coordinates.push(_.flatten(coordinates, true))
          break
        case 'MultiPoint':
          coordinates.push(features.features[i].geometry.coordinates)
          break
        case 'MultiLineString':
          coordinates.push(features.features[i].geometry.coordinates)
          coordinates.push(_.flatten(coordinates, true))
          break
        case 'MultiPolygon':
          coordinates.push(features.features[i].geometry.coordinates)
          coordinates.push(_.flatten(coordinates, true))
          coordinates.push(_.flatten(coordinates, true))
          break
      }
      if(!features.features[i].geometry && features.features[i].properties){
        throw new Error('Unknown Geometry Type')
      }
    }
    coordinates = _.flatten(coordinates, true)
  }
  else{
    var geometry
    if(features.type === 'Feature'){
      geometry = features.geometry
    }
    else{
      geometry = features
    }
    switch(geometry.type){
      case 'Point':
        coordinates = [geometry.coordinates]
        break
      case 'LineString':
        coordinates = geometry.coordinates
        break
      case 'Polygon':
        coordinates = geometry.coordinates
        coordinates = _.flatten(coordinates, true)
        break
      case 'MultiPoint':
        coordinates = geometry.coordinates
        break
      case 'MultiLineString':
        coordinates = geometry.coordinates
        coordinates = _.flatten(coordinates, true)
        break
      case 'MultiPolygon':
        coordinates = geometry.coordinates
        coordinates = _.flatten(coordinates, true)
        coordinates = _.flatten(coordinates, true)
        break
    }
    if(!geometry){
      throw new Error('No Geometry Found')
    }
  }
  var fc = t.featurecollection([])
  _.each(coordinates, function(c){
    fc.features.push(t.point(c[0], c[1]))
  })
  done(null, fc)
}

},{"./featurecollection":12,"./point":23,"lodash":32}],11:[function(require,module,exports){
_ = require('lodash')

module.exports = function(layer, done){
  var xmin = Infinity,
      ymin = Infinity,
      xmax = -Infinity,
      ymax = -Infinity
  if(layer.type === 'FeatureCollection'){
    for(var i in layer.features){
      var coordinates
      switch(layer.features[i].geometry.type){
        case 'Point':
          coordinates = [layer.features[i].geometry.coordinates]
          break
        case 'LineString':
          coordinates = layer.features[i].geometry.coordinates
          break
        case 'Polygon':
          coordinates = layer.features[i].geometry.coordinates
          coordinates = _.flatten(coordinates, true)
          break
        case 'MultiPoint':
          coordinates = layer.features[i].geometry.coordinates
          break
        case 'MultiLineString':
          coordinates = layer.features[i].geometry.coordinates
          coordinates = _.flatten(coordinates, true)
          break
        case 'MultiPolygon':
          coordinates = layer.features[i].geometry.coordinates
          coordinates = _.flatten(coordinates, true)
          coordinates = _.flatten(coordinates, true)
          break
      }
      if(!layer.features[i].geometry && layer.features[i].properties){
        throw new Error('Unknown Geometry Type')
      }

      for(var n in coordinates){
        if(xmin > coordinates[n][0]){
          xmin = coordinates[n][0]
        }
        if(ymin > coordinates[n][1]){
          ymin = coordinates[n][1]
        }
        if(xmax < coordinates[n][0]){
          xmax = coordinates[n][0]
        }
        if(ymax < coordinates[n][1]){
          ymax = coordinates[n][1]
        }
      }
    }
    var bbox = [xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax]
    done(null, bbox)
  }
  else{
    var coordinates
    var geometry
    if(layer.type === 'Feature'){
      geometry = layer.geometry
    }
    else{
      geometry = layer
    }
    switch(geometry.type){
      case 'Point':
        coordinates = [geometry.coordinates]
        break
      case 'LineString':
        coordinates = geometry.coordinates
        break
      case 'Polygon':
        coordinates = geometry.coordinates
        coordinates = _.flatten(coordinates, true)
        break
      case 'MultiPoint':
        coordinates = geometry.coordinates
        break
      case 'MultiLineString':
        coordinates = geometry.coordinates
        coordinates = _.flatten(coordinates, true)
        break
      case 'MultiPolygon':
        coordinates = geometry.coordinates
        coordinates = _.flatten(coordinates, true)
        coordinates = _.flatten(coordinates, true)
        break
    }
    if(!geometry){
      throw new Error('No Geometry Found')
    }

    for(var n in coordinates){
      if(xmin > coordinates[n][0]){
        xmin = coordinates[n][0]
      }
      if(ymin > coordinates[n][1]){
        ymin = coordinates[n][1]
      }
      if(xmax < coordinates[n][0]){
        xmax = coordinates[n][0]
      }
      if(ymax < coordinates[n][1]){
        ymax = coordinates[n][1]
      }
    }
    var bbox = [xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax]
    done(null, bbox)
  }
}
},{"lodash":32}],12:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports = function(features){
  var fc = {
    "type": "FeatureCollection",
    "features": features
  }

  return fc
}
},{}],13:[function(require,module,exports){

},{}],14:[function(require,module,exports){
var t = {}
var _ = require('lodash'),
  point = require('./point')
t.point = point

module.exports = function(extents, depth, done){
  var xmin = extents[0]
  var ymin = extents[1]
  var xmax = extents[2]
  var ymax = extents[3]
  var interval = (xmax - xmin) / depth
  var coords = []
  var fc = {
    type: 'FeatureCollection',
    features: []
  }
  for (var x=0; x<=depth; x++){
    for (var y=0;y<=depth; y++){
      fc.features.push(t.point((x * interval) + xmin, (y * interval) + ymin))
    }
  }
  done(null, fc)
}
},{"./point":23,"lodash":32}],15:[function(require,module,exports){
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Even%E2%80%93odd_rule
// modified from: https://github.com/substack/point-in-polygon/blob/master/index.js
// which was modified from http://www.ecse.rpi.edu/Homepages/wrf/Research/Short_Notes/pnpoly.html

module.exports = function(point, polygon, done){
  var x = point.geometry.coordinates[0]
  var y = point.geometry.coordinates[1]
  var vs = polygon.geometry.coordinates[0]

  var isInside = false;
  for (var i = 0, j = vs.length - 1; i < vs.length; j = i++) {
    var xi = vs[i][0], yi = vs[i][1];
    var xj = vs[j][0], yj = vs[j][1];

    var intersect = ((yi > y) != (yj > y))
        && (x < (xj - xi) * (y - yi) / (yj - yi) + xi);
    if (intersect) isInside = !isInside;
  }
  done(null, isInside)
}

},{}],16:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports=require(13)
},{}],17:[function(require,module,exports){
var ss = require('simple-statistics'),
    _ = require('lodash')

module.exports = function(fc, field, num, done){
  var vals = []
  var breaks = []

  _.each(fc.features, function(feature){
    vals.push(feature.properties[field])
  })
  breaks = ss.jenks(vals, num)

  done(null, breaks)
}
},{"lodash":32,"simple-statistics":33}],18:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports = function(coordinates, properties){
  if(coordinates === null) throw new Error('No coordinates passed')
  var linestring = {
    "type": "Feature",
    "geometry": {
      "type": "LineString",
      "coordinates": coordinates
    },
    "properties": properties
  }
  return linestring
}

},{}],19:[function(require,module,exports){
var path = require('path'),
    fs = require('fs'),
    ext = '',
    layer

module.exports = function(file, done) {
  ext = path.extname(file);
  fs.readFile(file, function(err, res){
    if (err) done(err)
    layer = JSON.parse(res)
    done(null, layer)
  })
}

},{"fs":35,"path":36}],20:[function(require,module,exports){
// http://cs.selu.edu/~rbyrd/math/midpoint/
// ((x1+x2)/2), ((y1+y2)/2)
var t = {}
var point = require('./point')
t.point = point

module.exports = function(point1, point2, done) {
  if(point1 === null || point2 === null || point1 && point2 === null) throw new Error('Less than two points passed.')

  var x1 = point1.geometry.coordinates[0];
  var x2 = point2.geometry.coordinates[0];
  var y1 = point1.geometry.coordinates[1];
  var y2 = point2.geometry.coordinates[1];

  var x3 = x1 + x2;
  var midX = x3/2;
  var y3 = y1 + y2;
  var midY = y3/2;

  var midpoint = t.point(midX, midY);

  done(null, midpoint)
}
},{"./point":23}],21:[function(require,module,exports){
var t = {}
var _ = require('lodash'),
 distance = require('./distance')
t.distance = distance

module.exports = function(targetPoint, points, done){
  var nearestPoint
  var count = 0
  var dist = Infinity
  _.forEach(points.features, function(pt){
    if(!nearestPoint){
      nearestPoint = pt
      t.distance(targetPoint, pt, 'miles', function(err, dist){
        nearestPoint.properties.distance = dist
      })
    }
    else{
      t.distance(targetPoint, pt, 'miles', function(err, dist){
        if(dist < nearestPoint.properties.distance){
          nearestPoint = pt
          nearestPoint.properties.distance = dist
        }
        if(points.features.length === count + 1){
          complete(nearestPoint)
        }
      })
    }
    count++
  })

  function complete(nPt){
    delete nPt.properties.distance
    done(null, nPt)
  }
}
},{"./distance":8,"lodash":32}],22:[function(require,module,exports){
http://stackoverflow.com/a/13916669/461015

module.exports = function(point, triangle, done){
  var x = point.geometry.coordinates[0]
      y = point.geometry.coordinates[1]
      x1 = triangle.geometry.coordinates[0][0][0],
      y1 = triangle.geometry.coordinates[0][0][1],
      z1 = triangle.properties.a
      x2 = triangle.geometry.coordinates[0][1][0],
      y2 = triangle.geometry.coordinates[0][1][1],
      z2 = triangle.properties.b
      x3 = triangle.geometry.coordinates[0][2][0],
      y3 = triangle.geometry.coordinates[0][2][1],
      z3 = triangle.properties.c

  var z = (z3 * (x-x1) * (y-y2) + z1 * (x-x2) * (y-y3) + z2 * (x-x3) * (y-y1)
      - z2 * (x-x1) * (y-y3) - z3 * (x-x2) * (y-y1) - z1 * (x-x3) * (y-y2)) /
      ((x-x1) * (y-y2) + (x-x2) * (y-y3) +(x-x3) * (y-y1) -
       (x-x1) * (y-y3) - (x-x2) * (y-y1) - (x-x3) * (y-y2))

  done(null, z)
}
},{}],23:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports = function(x, y, properties){
  if(x === null || y === null) throw new Error('Invalid coordinates')
  var point = {
    "type": "Feature",
    "geometry": {
      "type": "Point",
      "coordinates": [x, y]
    },
    "properties": properties
  }
  return point
}
},{}],24:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports = function(coordinates, properties){
  if(coordinates === null) throw new Error('No coordinates passed')
  var polygon = {
    "type": "Feature",
    "geometry": {
      "type": "Polygon",
      "coordinates": coordinates
    },
    "properties": properties
  }

  return polygon
}

},{}],25:[function(require,module,exports){
var ss = require('simple-statistics'),
    _ = require('lodash')

module.exports = function(fc, field, percentiles, done){
  var vals = []
  var quantiles = []

  _.each(fc.features, function(feature){
    vals.push(feature.properties[field])
  })
  _.each(percentiles, function(percentile){
    quantiles.push(ss.quantile(vals, percentile * .01))
  })
  done(null, quantiles)
}
},{"lodash":32,"simple-statistics":33}],26:[function(require,module,exports){
var t = {}
var featurecollection = require('./featurecollection')
t.featurecollection = featurecollection

module.exports = function(fc, inField, outField, translations, done){
  var reclassed = t.featurecollection([])
  _.each(fc.features, function(feature){
    var reclassedFeature
    var found = false
    for(var i = 0; i < translations.length; i++){
      if(feature.properties[inField] >= translations[i][0] && feature.properties[inField] <= translations[i][1]) {
        reclassedFeature = _.clone(feature, true)
        reclassedFeature.properties[outField] = translations[i][2]
      }
    }
    reclassed.features.push(reclassedFeature)
  })
  done(null, reclassed)
}
},{"./featurecollection":12}],27:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports=require(13)
},{}],28:[function(require,module,exports){
var fs = require('fs')

module.exports = function(path, features, type, done){
  if(!type) type = 'geojson'
  switch(type) {
    case 'geojson':
      fs.writeFile(path, JSON.stringify(features), function(err){
        done(err, 1)
      })
      break
  }

}
},{"fs":35}],29:[function(require,module,exports){
var t = {}
var midpoint = require('../lib/midpoint'),
    point = require('../lib/point'),
    distance = require('../lib/distance')
t.midpoint = midpoint
t.point = point
t.distance = distance

module.exports = function(bbox, done) {
  var squareBbox = [0,0,0,0]
  var lowLeft = t.point(bbox[0], bbox[1])
  var topLeft = t.point(bbox[0], bbox[3])
  var topRight = t.point(bbox[2], bbox[3])
  var lowRight = t.point(bbox[2], bbox[1])

  t.distance(lowLeft, lowRight, 'miles', function(err, horizontalDistance){
    t.distance(lowLeft, topLeft, 'miles', function(err, verticalDistance){
      if(horizontalDistance >= verticalDistance){
        squareBbox[0] = bbox[0]
        squareBbox[2] = bbox[2]
        t.midpoint(lowLeft, topLeft, function(err, verticalMidpoint){
          squareBbox[1] = verticalMidpoint.geometry.coordinates[1] - ((bbox[2] - bbox[0]) / 2)
          squareBbox[3] = verticalMidpoint.geometry.coordinates[1] + ((bbox[2] - bbox[0]) / 2)
          done(err, squareBbox)
        })
      }
      else {
        squareBbox[1] = bbox[1]
        squareBbox[3] = bbox[3]
        t.midpoint(lowLeft, lowRight, function(err, horzontalMidpoint){
          squareBbox[0] = horzontalMidpoint.geometry.coordinates[0] - ((bbox[3] - bbox[1]) / 2)
          squareBbox[2] = horzontalMidpoint.geometry.coordinates[0] + ((bbox[3] - bbox[1]) / 2)
          done(err, squareBbox)
        })
      }
    })
  })
  //t.midpoint(t.point(bbox[0,]), bbox)
  //squareBbox[0] =
}
},{"../lib/distance":8,"../lib/midpoint":20,"../lib/point":23}],30:[function(require,module,exports){
//http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaunay_triangulation
//https://github.com/ironwallaby/delaunay
var t = {}
var _ = require('lodash'),
  polygon = require('./polygon'),
  nearest = require('./nearest'),
  point = require('./point')
t.polygon = polygon
t.nearest = nearest
t.point = point

module.exports = function(points, z, done){
  //break down points
  var vertices = []
  _(points.features).each(function(p){
    vertices.push({x:p.geometry.coordinates[0], y:p.geometry.coordinates[1]})
  })

  var triangulated = triangulate(vertices)
  var triangles = {
    type: 'FeatureCollection',
    features: []
  }
  _(triangulated).each(function(triangle){
    var coords = [[[triangle.a.x, triangle.a.y], [triangle.b.x, triangle.b.y], [triangle.c.x, triangle.c.y]]]
    var poly = t.polygon(coords, {a: null, b: null, c: null})

    triangles.features.push(poly)
  })
  // add values from vertices
  _.each(triangles.features, function(tri){
    var coordinateNumber = 1
    _.each(tri.geometry.coordinates[0], function(c){
      t.nearest(t.point(c[0], c[1]), points, function(err, closest){
        if(coordinateNumber === 1){
          tri.properties.a = closest.properties[z]
        }
        else if(coordinateNumber === 2){
          tri.properties.b = closest.properties[z]
        }
        else if(coordinateNumber === 3){
          tri.properties.c = closest.properties[z]
        }
        coordinateNumber++
      })
    })
  })
  done(null, triangles)
}

function Triangle(a, b, c) {
  this.a = a
  this.b = b
  this.c = c

  var A = b.x - a.x,
      B = b.y - a.y,
      C = c.x - a.x,
      D = c.y - a.y,
      E = A * (a.x + b.x) + B * (a.y + b.y),
      F = C * (a.x + c.x) + D * (a.y + c.y),
      G = 2 * (A * (c.y - b.y) - B * (c.x - b.x)),
      minx, miny, dx, dy

  /* If the points of the triangle are collinear, then just find the
   * extremes and use the midpoint as the center of the circumcircle. */
  if(Math.abs(G) < 0.000001) {
    minx = Math.min(a.x, b.x, c.x)
    miny = Math.min(a.y, b.y, c.y)
    dx   = (Math.max(a.x, b.x, c.x) - minx) * 0.5
    dy   = (Math.max(a.y, b.y, c.y) - miny) * 0.5

    this.x = minx + dx
    this.y = miny + dy
    this.r = dx * dx + dy * dy
  }

  else {
    this.x = (D*E - B*F) / G
    this.y = (A*F - C*E) / G
    dx = this.x - a.x
    dy = this.y - a.y
    this.r = dx * dx + dy * dy
  }
}

Triangle.prototype.draw = function(ctx) {
  ctx.beginPath()
  ctx.moveTo(this.a.x, this.a.y)
  ctx.lineTo(this.b.x, this.b.y)
  ctx.lineTo(this.c.x, this.c.y)
  ctx.closePath()
  ctx.stroke()
}

function byX(a, b) {
  return b.x - a.x
}

function dedup(edges) {
  var j = edges.length,
      a, b, i, m, n

  outer: while(j) {
    b = edges[--j]
    a = edges[--j]
    i = j
    while(i) {
      n = edges[--i]
      m = edges[--i]
      if((a === m && b === n) || (a === n && b === m)) {
        edges.splice(j, 2)
        edges.splice(i, 2)
        j -= 2
        continue outer
      }
    }
  }
}

function triangulate(vertices) {
  /* Bail if there aren't enough vertices to form any triangles. */
  if(vertices.length < 3)
    return []

  /* Ensure the vertex array is in order of descending X coordinate
   * (which is needed to ensure a subquadratic runtime), and then find
   * the bounding box around the points. */
  vertices.sort(byX)

  var i    = vertices.length - 1,
      xmin = vertices[i].x,
      xmax = vertices[0].x,
      ymin = vertices[i].y,
      ymax = ymin

  while(i--) {
    if(vertices[i].y < ymin) ymin = vertices[i].y
    if(vertices[i].y > ymax) ymax = vertices[i].y
  }

  /* Find a supertriangle, which is a triangle that surrounds all the
   * vertices. This is used like something of a sentinel value to remove
   * cases in the main algorithm, and is removed before we return any
   * results.
   *
   * Once found, put it in the "open" list. (The "open" list is for
   * triangles who may still need to be considered; the "closed" list is
   * for triangles which do not.) */
  var dx     = xmax - xmin,
      dy     = ymax - ymin,
      dmax   = (dx > dy) ? dx : dy,
      xmid   = (xmax + xmin) * 0.5,
      ymid   = (ymax + ymin) * 0.5,
      open   = [
        new Triangle(
          {x: xmid - 20 * dmax, y: ymid -      dmax, __sentinel: true},
          {x: xmid            , y: ymid + 20 * dmax, __sentinel: true},
          {x: xmid + 20 * dmax, y: ymid -      dmax, __sentinel: true}
        )
      ],
      closed = [],
      edges = [],
      j, a, b

  /* Incrementally add each vertex to the mesh. */
  i = vertices.length
  while(i--) {
    /* For each open triangle, check to see if the current point is
     * inside it's circumcircle. If it is, remove the triangle and add
     * it's edges to an edge list. */
    edges.length = 0
    j = open.length
    while(j--) {
      /* If this point is to the right of this triangle's circumcircle,
       * then this triangle should never get checked again. Remove it
       * from the open list, add it to the closed list, and skip. */
      dx = vertices[i].x - open[j].x
      if(dx > 0 && dx * dx > open[j].r) {
        closed.push(open[j])
        open.splice(j, 1)
        continue
      }

      /* If not, skip this triangle. */
      dy = vertices[i].y - open[j].y
      if(dx * dx + dy * dy > open[j].r)
        continue

      /* Remove the triangle and add it's edges to the edge list. */
      edges.push(
        open[j].a, open[j].b,
        open[j].b, open[j].c,
        open[j].c, open[j].a
      )
      open.splice(j, 1)
    }

    /* Remove any doubled edges. */
    dedup(edges)

    /* Add a new triangle for each edge. */
    j = edges.length
    while(j) {
      b = edges[--j]
      a = edges[--j]
      open.push(new Triangle(a, b, vertices[i]))
    }
  }

  /* Copy any remaining open triangles to the closed list, and then
   * remove any triangles that share a vertex with the supertriangle. */
  Array.prototype.push.apply(closed, open)

  i = closed.length
  while(i--)
    if(closed[i].a.__sentinel ||
       closed[i].b.__sentinel ||
       closed[i].c.__sentinel)
      closed.splice(i, 1)

  /* Yay, we're done! */
  return closed
}

/*if (typeof module !== 'undefined') {
    module.exports = {
        Triangle: Triangle,
        triangulate: triangulate
    }
}*/

},{"./nearest":21,"./point":23,"./polygon":24,"lodash":32}],31:[function(require,module,exports){
// look here for help http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/branches/releasebranch_6_4/vector/v.overlay/main.c
//must be array of polygons

},{}],32:[function(require,module,exports){
var global=typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : {};/**
 * @license
 * Lo-Dash 2.2.1 (Custom Build) <http://lodash.com/>
 * Build: `lodash modern -o ./dist/lodash.js`
 * Copyright 2012-2013 The Dojo Foundation <http://dojofoundation.org/>
 * Based on Underscore.js 1.5.2 <http://underscorejs.org/LICENSE>
 * Copyright 2009-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
 * Available under MIT license <http://lodash.com/license>
 */
;(function() {

  /** Used as a safe reference for `undefined` in pre ES5 environments */
  var undefined;

  /** Used to pool arrays and objects used internally */
  var arrayPool = [],
      objectPool = [];

  /** Used to generate unique IDs */
  var idCounter = 0;

  /** Used to prefix keys to avoid issues with `__proto__` and properties on `Object.prototype` */
  var keyPrefix = +new Date + '';

  /** Used as the size when optimizations are enabled for large arrays */
  var largeArraySize = 75;

  /** Used as the max size of the `arrayPool` and `objectPool` */
  var maxPoolSize = 40;

  /** Used to detect and test whitespace */
  var whitespace = (
    // whitespace
    ' \t\x0B\f\xA0\ufeff' +

    // line terminators
    '\n\r\u2028\u2029' +

    // unicode category "Zs" space separators
    '\u1680\u180e\u2000\u2001\u2002\u2003\u2004\u2005\u2006\u2007\u2008\u2009\u200a\u202f\u205f\u3000'
  );

  /** Used to match empty string literals in compiled template source */
  var reEmptyStringLeading = /\b__p \+= '';/g,
      reEmptyStringMiddle = /\b(__p \+=) '' \+/g,
      reEmptyStringTrailing = /(__e\(.*?\)|\b__t\)) \+\n'';/g;

  /**
   * Used to match ES6 template delimiters
   * http://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-7.8.6
   */
  var reEsTemplate = /\$\{([^\\}]*(?:\\.[^\\}]*)*)\}/g;

  /** Used to match regexp flags from their coerced string values */
  var reFlags = /\w*$/;

  /** Used to detected named functions */
  var reFuncName = /^function[ \n\r\t]+\w/;

  /** Used to match "interpolate" template delimiters */
  var reInterpolate = /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g;

  /** Used to match leading whitespace and zeros to be removed */
  var reLeadingSpacesAndZeros = RegExp('^[' + whitespace + ']*0+(?=.$)');

  /** Used to ensure capturing order of template delimiters */
  var reNoMatch = /($^)/;

  /** Used to detect functions containing a `this` reference */
  var reThis = /\bthis\b/;

  /** Used to match unescaped characters in compiled string literals */
  var reUnescapedString = /['\n\r\t\u2028\u2029\\]/g;

  /** Used to assign default `context` object properties */
  var contextProps = [
    'Array', 'Boolean', 'Date', 'Function', 'Math', 'Number', 'Object',
    'RegExp', 'String', '_', 'attachEvent', 'clearTimeout', 'isFinite', 'isNaN',
    'parseInt', 'setImmediate', 'setTimeout'
  ];

  /** Used to make template sourceURLs easier to identify */
  var templateCounter = 0;

  /** `Object#toString` result shortcuts */
  var argsClass = '[object Arguments]',
      arrayClass = '[object Array]',
      boolClass = '[object Boolean]',
      dateClass = '[object Date]',
      funcClass = '[object Function]',
      numberClass = '[object Number]',
      objectClass = '[object Object]',
      regexpClass = '[object RegExp]',
      stringClass = '[object String]';

  /** Used to identify object classifications that `_.clone` supports */
  var cloneableClasses = {};
  cloneableClasses[funcClass] = false;
  cloneableClasses[argsClass] = cloneableClasses[arrayClass] =
  cloneableClasses[boolClass] = cloneableClasses[dateClass] =
  cloneableClasses[numberClass] = cloneableClasses[objectClass] =
  cloneableClasses[regexpClass] = cloneableClasses[stringClass] = true;

  /** Used as an internal `_.debounce` options object */
  var debounceOptions = {
    'leading': false,
    'maxWait': 0,
    'trailing': false
  };

  /** Used as the property descriptor for `__bindData__` */
  var descriptor = {
    'configurable': false,
    'enumerable': false,
    'value': null,
    'writable': false
  };

  /** Used to determine if values are of the language type Object */
  var objectTypes = {
    'boolean': false,
    'function': true,
    'object': true,
    'number': false,
    'string': false,
    'undefined': false
  };

  /** Used to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals */
  var stringEscapes = {
    '\\': '\\',
    "'": "'",
    '\n': 'n',
    '\r': 'r',
    '\t': 't',
    '\u2028': 'u2028',
    '\u2029': 'u2029'
  };

  /** Used as a reference to the global object */
  var root = (objectTypes[typeof window] && window) || this;

  /** Detect free variable `exports` */
  var freeExports = objectTypes[typeof exports] && exports && !exports.nodeType && exports;

  /** Detect free variable `module` */
  var freeModule = objectTypes[typeof module] && module && !module.nodeType && module;

  /** Detect the popular CommonJS extension `module.exports` */
  var moduleExports = freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports && freeExports;

  /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js or Browserified code and use it as `root` */
  var freeGlobal = objectTypes[typeof global] && global;
  if (freeGlobal && (freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal || freeGlobal.window === freeGlobal)) {
    root = freeGlobal;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.indexOf` without support for binary searches
   * or `fromIndex` constraints.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {*} value The value to search for.
   * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
   */
  function baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
    var index = (fromIndex || 0) - 1,
        length = array ? array.length : 0;

    while (++index < length) {
      if (array[index] === value) {
        return index;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * An implementation of `_.contains` for cache objects that mimics the return
   * signature of `_.indexOf` by returning `0` if the value is found, else `-1`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} cache The cache object to inspect.
   * @param {*} value The value to search for.
   * @returns {number} Returns `0` if `value` is found, else `-1`.
   */
  function cacheIndexOf(cache, value) {
    var type = typeof value;
    cache = cache.cache;

    if (type == 'boolean' || value == null) {
      return cache[value] ? 0 : -1;
    }
    if (type != 'number' && type != 'string') {
      type = 'object';
    }
    var key = type == 'number' ? value : keyPrefix + value;
    cache = (cache = cache[type]) && cache[key];

    return type == 'object'
      ? (cache && baseIndexOf(cache, value) > -1 ? 0 : -1)
      : (cache ? 0 : -1);
  }

  /**
   * Adds a given value to the corresponding cache object.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to add to the cache.
   */
  function cachePush(value) {
    var cache = this.cache,
        type = typeof value;

    if (type == 'boolean' || value == null) {
      cache[value] = true;
    } else {
      if (type != 'number' && type != 'string') {
        type = 'object';
      }
      var key = type == 'number' ? value : keyPrefix + value,
          typeCache = cache[type] || (cache[type] = {});

      if (type == 'object') {
        (typeCache[key] || (typeCache[key] = [])).push(value);
      } else {
        typeCache[key] = true;
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Used by `_.max` and `_.min` as the default callback when a given
   * collection is a string value.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} value The character to inspect.
   * @returns {number} Returns the code unit of given character.
   */
  function charAtCallback(value) {
    return value.charCodeAt(0);
  }

  /**
   * Used by `sortBy` to compare transformed `collection` elements, stable sorting
   * them in ascending order.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} a The object to compare to `b`.
   * @param {Object} b The object to compare to `a`.
   * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator of `1` or `-1`.
   */
  function compareAscending(a, b) {
    var ac = a.criteria,
        bc = b.criteria;

    // ensure a stable sort in V8 and other engines
    // http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=90
    if (ac !== bc) {
      if (ac > bc || typeof ac == 'undefined') {
        return 1;
      }
      if (ac < bc || typeof bc == 'undefined') {
        return -1;
      }
    }
    // The JS engine embedded in Adobe applications like InDesign has a buggy
    // `Array#sort` implementation that causes it, under certain circumstances,
    // to return the same value for `a` and `b`.
    // See https://github.com/jashkenas/underscore/pull/1247
    return a.index - b.index;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a cache object to optimize linear searches of large arrays.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} [array=[]] The array to search.
   * @returns {null|Object} Returns the cache object or `null` if caching should not be used.
   */
  function createCache(array) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length,
        first = array[0],
        mid = array[(length / 2) | 0],
        last = array[length - 1];

    if (first && typeof first == 'object' &&
        mid && typeof mid == 'object' && last && typeof last == 'object') {
      return false;
    }
    var cache = getObject();
    cache['false'] = cache['null'] = cache['true'] = cache['undefined'] = false;

    var result = getObject();
    result.array = array;
    result.cache = cache;
    result.push = cachePush;

    while (++index < length) {
      result.push(array[index]);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Used by `template` to escape characters for inclusion in compiled
   * string literals.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} match The matched character to escape.
   * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
   */
  function escapeStringChar(match) {
    return '\\' + stringEscapes[match];
  }

  /**
   * Gets an array from the array pool or creates a new one if the pool is empty.
   *
   * @private
   * @returns {Array} The array from the pool.
   */
  function getArray() {
    return arrayPool.pop() || [];
  }

  /**
   * Gets an object from the object pool or creates a new one if the pool is empty.
   *
   * @private
   * @returns {Object} The object from the pool.
   */
  function getObject() {
    return objectPool.pop() || {
      'array': null,
      'cache': null,
      'criteria': null,
      'false': false,
      'index': 0,
      'null': false,
      'number': null,
      'object': null,
      'push': null,
      'string': null,
      'true': false,
      'undefined': false,
      'value': null
    };
  }

  /**
   * A no-operation function.
   *
   * @private
   */
  function noop() {
    // no operation performed
  }

  /**
   * Releases the given array back to the array pool.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} [array] The array to release.
   */
  function releaseArray(array) {
    array.length = 0;
    if (arrayPool.length < maxPoolSize) {
      arrayPool.push(array);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Releases the given object back to the object pool.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} [object] The object to release.
   */
  function releaseObject(object) {
    var cache = object.cache;
    if (cache) {
      releaseObject(cache);
    }
    object.array = object.cache = object.criteria = object.object = object.number = object.string = object.value = null;
    if (objectPool.length < maxPoolSize) {
      objectPool.push(object);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Slices the `collection` from the `start` index up to, but not including,
   * the `end` index.
   *
   * Note: This function is used instead of `Array#slice` to support node lists
   * in IE < 9 and to ensure dense arrays are returned.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to slice.
   * @param {number} start The start index.
   * @param {number} end The end index.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array.
   */
  function slice(array, start, end) {
    start || (start = 0);
    if (typeof end == 'undefined') {
      end = array ? array.length : 0;
    }
    var index = -1,
        length = end - start || 0,
        result = Array(length < 0 ? 0 : length);

    while (++index < length) {
      result[index] = array[start + index];
    }
    return result;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Create a new `lodash` function using the given context object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utilities
   * @param {Object} [context=root] The context object.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.
   */
  function runInContext(context) {
    // Avoid issues with some ES3 environments that attempt to use values, named
    // after built-in constructors like `Object`, for the creation of literals.
    // ES5 clears this up by stating that literals must use built-in constructors.
    // See http://es5.github.io/#x11.1.5.
    context = context ? _.defaults(root.Object(), context, _.pick(root, contextProps)) : root;

    /** Native constructor references */
    var Array = context.Array,
        Boolean = context.Boolean,
        Date = context.Date,
        Function = context.Function,
        Math = context.Math,
        Number = context.Number,
        Object = context.Object,
        RegExp = context.RegExp,
        String = context.String,
        TypeError = context.TypeError;

    /**
     * Used for `Array` method references.
     *
     * Normally `Array.prototype` would suffice, however, using an array literal
     * avoids issues in Narwhal.
     */
    var arrayRef = [];

    /** Used for native method references */
    var objectProto = Object.prototype;

    /** Used to restore the original `_` reference in `noConflict` */
    var oldDash = context._;

    /** Used to detect if a method is native */
    var reNative = RegExp('^' +
      String(objectProto.valueOf)
        .replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&')
        .replace(/valueOf|for [^\]]+/g, '.+?') + '$'
    );

    /** Native method shortcuts */
    var ceil = Math.ceil,
        clearTimeout = context.clearTimeout,
        floor = Math.floor,
        fnToString = Function.prototype.toString,
        getPrototypeOf = reNative.test(getPrototypeOf = Object.getPrototypeOf) && getPrototypeOf,
        hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty,
        now = reNative.test(now = Date.now) && now || function() { return +new Date; },
        push = arrayRef.push,
        setImmediate = context.setImmediate,
        setTimeout = context.setTimeout,
        splice = arrayRef.splice,
        toString = objectProto.toString,
        unshift = arrayRef.unshift;

    var defineProperty = (function() {
      try {
        var o = {},
            func = reNative.test(func = Object.defineProperty) && func,
            result = func(o, o, o) && func;
      } catch(e) { }
      return result;
    }());

    /* Native method shortcuts for methods with the same name as other `lodash` methods */
    var nativeBind = reNative.test(nativeBind = toString.bind) && nativeBind,
        nativeCreate = reNative.test(nativeCreate = Object.create) && nativeCreate,
        nativeIsArray = reNative.test(nativeIsArray = Array.isArray) && nativeIsArray,
        nativeIsFinite = context.isFinite,
        nativeIsNaN = context.isNaN,
        nativeKeys = reNative.test(nativeKeys = Object.keys) && nativeKeys,
        nativeMax = Math.max,
        nativeMin = Math.min,
        nativeParseInt = context.parseInt,
        nativeRandom = Math.random,
        nativeSlice = arrayRef.slice;

    /** Detect various environments */
    var isIeOpera = reNative.test(context.attachEvent),
        isV8 = nativeBind && !/\n|true/.test(nativeBind + isIeOpera);

    /** Used to lookup a built-in constructor by [[Class]] */
    var ctorByClass = {};
    ctorByClass[arrayClass] = Array;
    ctorByClass[boolClass] = Boolean;
    ctorByClass[dateClass] = Date;
    ctorByClass[funcClass] = Function;
    ctorByClass[objectClass] = Object;
    ctorByClass[numberClass] = Number;
    ctorByClass[regexpClass] = RegExp;
    ctorByClass[stringClass] = String;

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates a `lodash` object which wraps the given value to enable intuitive
     * method chaining.
     *
     * In addition to Lo-Dash methods, wrappers also have the following `Array` methods:
     * `concat`, `join`, `pop`, `push`, `reverse`, `shift`, `slice`, `sort`, `splice`,
     * and `unshift`
     *
     * Chaining is supported in custom builds as long as the `value` method is
     * implicitly or explicitly included in the build.
     *
     * The chainable wrapper functions are:
     * `after`, `assign`, `bind`, `bindAll`, `bindKey`, `chain`, `compact`,
     * `compose`, `concat`, `countBy`, `createCallback`, `curry`, `debounce`,
     * `defaults`, `defer`, `delay`, `difference`, `filter`, `flatten`, `forEach`,
     * `forEachRight`, `forIn`, `forInRight`, `forOwn`, `forOwnRight`, `functions`,
     * `groupBy`, `indexBy`, `initial`, `intersection`, `invert`, `invoke`, `keys`,
     * `map`, `max`, `memoize`, `merge`, `min`, `object`, `omit`, `once`, `pairs`,
     * `partial`, `partialRight`, `pick`, `pluck`, `pull`, `push`, `range`, `reject`,
     * `remove`, `rest`, `reverse`, `shuffle`, `slice`, `sort`, `sortBy`, `splice`,
     * `tap`, `throttle`, `times`, `toArray`, `transform`, `union`, `uniq`, `unshift`,
     * `unzip`, `values`, `where`, `without`, `wrap`, and `zip`
     *
     * The non-chainable wrapper functions are:
     * `clone`, `cloneDeep`, `contains`, `escape`, `every`, `find`, `findIndex`,
     * `findKey`, `findLast`, `findLastIndex`, `findLastKey`, `has`, `identity`,
     * `indexOf`, `isArguments`, `isArray`, `isBoolean`, `isDate`, `isElement`,
     * `isEmpty`, `isEqual`, `isFinite`, `isFunction`, `isNaN`, `isNull`, `isNumber`,
     * `isObject`, `isPlainObject`, `isRegExp`, `isString`, `isUndefined`, `join`,
     * `lastIndexOf`, `mixin`, `noConflict`, `parseInt`, `pop`, `random`, `reduce`,
     * `reduceRight`, `result`, `shift`, `size`, `some`, `sortedIndex`, `runInContext`,
     * `template`, `unescape`, `uniqueId`, and `value`
     *
     * The wrapper functions `first` and `last` return wrapped values when `n` is
     * provided, otherwise they return unwrapped values.
     *
     * Explicit chaining can be enabled by using the `_.chain` method.
     *
     * @name _
     * @constructor
     * @category Chaining
     * @param {*} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
     * @returns {Object} Returns a `lodash` instance.
     * @example
     *
     * var wrapped = _([1, 2, 3]);
     *
     * // returns an unwrapped value
     * wrapped.reduce(function(sum, num) {
     *   return sum + num;
     * });
     * // => 6
     *
     * // returns a wrapped value
     * var squares = wrapped.map(function(num) {
     *   return num * num;
     * });
     *
     * _.isArray(squares);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isArray(squares.value());
     * // => true
     */
    function lodash(value) {
      // don't wrap if already wrapped, even if wrapped by a different `lodash` constructor
      return (value && typeof value == 'object' && !isArray(value) && hasOwnProperty.call(value, '__wrapped__'))
       ? value
       : new lodashWrapper(value);
    }

    /**
     * A fast path for creating `lodash` wrapper objects.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
     * @param {boolean} chainAll A flag to enable chaining for all methods
     * @returns {Object} Returns a `lodash` instance.
     */
    function lodashWrapper(value, chainAll) {
      this.__chain__ = !!chainAll;
      this.__wrapped__ = value;
    }
    // ensure `new lodashWrapper` is an instance of `lodash`
    lodashWrapper.prototype = lodash.prototype;

    /**
     * An object used to flag environments features.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Object
     */
    var support = lodash.support = {};

    /**
     * Detect if `Function#bind` exists and is inferred to be fast (all but V8).
     *
     * @memberOf _.support
     * @type boolean
     */
    support.fastBind = nativeBind && !isV8;

    /**
     * Detect if functions can be decompiled by `Function#toString`
     * (all but PS3 and older Opera mobile browsers & avoided in Windows 8 apps).
     *
     * @memberOf _.support
     * @type boolean
     */
    support.funcDecomp = !reNative.test(context.WinRTError) && reThis.test(runInContext);

    /**
     * Detect if `Function#name` is supported (all but IE).
     *
     * @memberOf _.support
     * @type boolean
     */
    support.funcNames = typeof Function.name == 'string';

    /**
     * By default, the template delimiters used by Lo-Dash are similar to those in
     * embedded Ruby (ERB). Change the following template settings to use alternative
     * delimiters.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Object
     */
    lodash.templateSettings = {

      /**
       * Used to detect `data` property values to be HTML-escaped.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type RegExp
       */
      'escape': /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g,

      /**
       * Used to detect code to be evaluated.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type RegExp
       */
      'evaluate': /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,

      /**
       * Used to detect `data` property values to inject.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type RegExp
       */
      'interpolate': reInterpolate,

      /**
       * Used to reference the data object in the template text.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type string
       */
      'variable': '',

      /**
       * Used to import variables into the compiled template.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type Object
       */
      'imports': {

        /**
         * A reference to the `lodash` function.
         *
         * @memberOf _.templateSettings.imports
         * @type Function
         */
        '_': lodash
      }
    };

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.clone` without argument juggling or support
     * for `thisArg` binding.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to clone.
     * @param {boolean} [deep=false] Specify a deep clone.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize cloning values.
     * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
     * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates clones with source counterparts.
     * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
     */
    function baseClone(value, deep, callback, stackA, stackB) {
      if (callback) {
        var result = callback(value);
        if (typeof result != 'undefined') {
          return result;
        }
      }
      // inspect [[Class]]
      var isObj = isObject(value);
      if (isObj) {
        var className = toString.call(value);
        if (!cloneableClasses[className]) {
          return value;
        }
        var ctor = ctorByClass[className];
        switch (className) {
          case boolClass:
          case dateClass:
            return new ctor(+value);

          case numberClass:
          case stringClass:
            return new ctor(value);

          case regexpClass:
            result = ctor(value.source, reFlags.exec(value));
            result.lastIndex = value.lastIndex;
            return result;
        }
      } else {
        return value;
      }
      var isArr = isArray(value);
      if (deep) {
        // check for circular references and return corresponding clone
        var initedStack = !stackA;
        stackA || (stackA = getArray());
        stackB || (stackB = getArray());

        var length = stackA.length;
        while (length--) {
          if (stackA[length] == value) {
            return stackB[length];
          }
        }
        result = isArr ? ctor(value.length) : {};
      }
      else {
        result = isArr ? slice(value) : assign({}, value);
      }
      // add array properties assigned by `RegExp#exec`
      if (isArr) {
        if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'index')) {
          result.index = value.index;
        }
        if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'input')) {
          result.input = value.input;
        }
      }
      // exit for shallow clone
      if (!deep) {
        return result;
      }
      // add the source value to the stack of traversed objects
      // and associate it with its clone
      stackA.push(value);
      stackB.push(result);

      // recursively populate clone (susceptible to call stack limits)
      (isArr ? forEach : forOwn)(value, function(objValue, key) {
        result[key] = baseClone(objValue, deep, callback, stackA, stackB);
      });

      if (initedStack) {
        releaseArray(stackA);
        releaseArray(stackB);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.createCallback` without support for creating
     * "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callbacks.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} [func=identity] The value to convert to a callback.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of the created callback.
     * @param {number} [argCount] The number of arguments the callback accepts.
     * @returns {Function} Returns a callback function.
     */
    function baseCreateCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {
      if (typeof func != 'function') {
        return identity;
      }
      // exit early if there is no `thisArg`
      if (typeof thisArg == 'undefined') {
        return func;
      }
      var bindData = func.__bindData__ || (support.funcNames && !func.name);
      if (typeof bindData == 'undefined') {
        var source = reThis && fnToString.call(func);
        if (!support.funcNames && source && !reFuncName.test(source)) {
          bindData = true;
        }
        if (support.funcNames || !bindData) {
          // checks if `func` references the `this` keyword and stores the result
          bindData = !support.funcDecomp || reThis.test(source);
          setBindData(func, bindData);
        }
      }
      // exit early if there are no `this` references or `func` is bound
      if (bindData !== true && (bindData && bindData[1] & 1)) {
        return func;
      }
      switch (argCount) {
        case 1: return function(value) {
          return func.call(thisArg, value);
        };
        case 2: return function(a, b) {
          return func.call(thisArg, a, b);
        };
        case 3: return function(value, index, collection) {
          return func.call(thisArg, value, index, collection);
        };
        case 4: return function(accumulator, value, index, collection) {
          return func.call(thisArg, accumulator, value, index, collection);
        };
      }
      return bind(func, thisArg);
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.flatten` without support for callback
     * shorthands or `thisArg` binding.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
     * @param {boolean} [isShallow=false] A flag to restrict flattening to a single level.
     * @param {boolean} [isArgArrays=false] A flag to restrict flattening to arrays and `arguments` objects.
     * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to start from.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new flattened array.
     */
    function baseFlatten(array, isShallow, isArgArrays, fromIndex) {
      var index = (fromIndex || 0) - 1,
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          result = [];

      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index];

        if (value && typeof value == 'object' && typeof value.length == 'number'
            && (isArray(value) || isArguments(value))) {
          // recursively flatten arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)
          if (!isShallow) {
            value = baseFlatten(value, isShallow, isArgArrays);
          }
          var valIndex = -1,
              valLength = value.length,
              resIndex = result.length;

          result.length += valLength;
          while (++valIndex < valLength) {
            result[resIndex++] = value[valIndex];
          }
        } else if (!isArgArrays) {
          result.push(value);
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.isEqual`, without support for `thisArg` binding,
     * that allows partial "_.where" style comparisons.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} a The value to compare.
     * @param {*} b The other value to compare.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize comparing values.
     * @param {Function} [isWhere=false] A flag to indicate performing partial comparisons.
     * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed `a` objects.
     * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Tracks traversed `b` objects.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
     */
    function baseIsEqual(a, b, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB) {
      // used to indicate that when comparing objects, `a` has at least the properties of `b`
      if (callback) {
        var result = callback(a, b);
        if (typeof result != 'undefined') {
          return !!result;
        }
      }
      // exit early for identical values
      if (a === b) {
        // treat `+0` vs. `-0` as not equal
        return a !== 0 || (1 / a == 1 / b);
      }
      var type = typeof a,
          otherType = typeof b;

      // exit early for unlike primitive values
      if (a === a &&
          !(a && objectTypes[type]) &&
          !(b && objectTypes[otherType])) {
        return false;
      }
      // exit early for `null` and `undefined` avoiding ES3's Function#call behavior
      // http://es5.github.io/#x15.3.4.4
      if (a == null || b == null) {
        return a === b;
      }
      // compare [[Class]] names
      var className = toString.call(a),
          otherClass = toString.call(b);

      if (className == argsClass) {
        className = objectClass;
      }
      if (otherClass == argsClass) {
        otherClass = objectClass;
      }
      if (className != otherClass) {
        return false;
      }
      switch (className) {
        case boolClass:
        case dateClass:
          // coerce dates and booleans to numbers, dates to milliseconds and booleans
          // to `1` or `0` treating invalid dates coerced to `NaN` as not equal
          return +a == +b;

        case numberClass:
          // treat `NaN` vs. `NaN` as equal
          return (a != +a)
            ? b != +b
            // but treat `+0` vs. `-0` as not equal
            : (a == 0 ? (1 / a == 1 / b) : a == +b);

        case regexpClass:
        case stringClass:
          // coerce regexes to strings (http://es5.github.io/#x15.10.6.4)
          // treat string primitives and their corresponding object instances as equal
          return a == String(b);
      }
      var isArr = className == arrayClass;
      if (!isArr) {
        // unwrap any `lodash` wrapped values
        if (hasOwnProperty.call(a, '__wrapped__ ') || hasOwnProperty.call(b, '__wrapped__')) {
          return baseIsEqual(a.__wrapped__ || a, b.__wrapped__ || b, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB);
        }
        // exit for functions and DOM nodes
        if (className != objectClass) {
          return false;
        }
        // in older versions of Opera, `arguments` objects have `Array` constructors
        var ctorA = a.constructor,
            ctorB = b.constructor;

        // non `Object` object instances with different constructors are not equal
        if (ctorA != ctorB && !(
              isFunction(ctorA) && ctorA instanceof ctorA &&
              isFunction(ctorB) && ctorB instanceof ctorB
            )) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      // assume cyclic structures are equal
      // the algorithm for detecting cyclic structures is adapted from ES 5.1
      // section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO` (http://es5.github.io/#x15.12.3)
      var initedStack = !stackA;
      stackA || (stackA = getArray());
      stackB || (stackB = getArray());

      var length = stackA.length;
      while (length--) {
        if (stackA[length] == a) {
          return stackB[length] == b;
        }
      }
      var size = 0;
      result = true;

      // add `a` and `b` to the stack of traversed objects
      stackA.push(a);
      stackB.push(b);

      // recursively compare objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)
      if (isArr) {
        length = a.length;
        size = b.length;

        // compare lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary
        result = size == a.length;
        if (!result && !isWhere) {
          return result;
        }
        // deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties
        while (size--) {
          var index = length,
              value = b[size];

          if (isWhere) {
            while (index--) {
              if ((result = baseIsEqual(a[index], value, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB))) {
                break;
              }
            }
          } else if (!(result = baseIsEqual(a[size], value, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB))) {
            break;
          }
        }
        return result;
      }
      // deep compare objects using `forIn`, instead of `forOwn`, to avoid `Object.keys`
      // which, in this case, is more costly
      forIn(b, function(value, key, b) {
        if (hasOwnProperty.call(b, key)) {
          // count the number of properties.
          size++;
          // deep compare each property value.
          return (result = hasOwnProperty.call(a, key) && baseIsEqual(a[key], value, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB));
        }
      });

      if (result && !isWhere) {
        // ensure both objects have the same number of properties
        forIn(a, function(value, key, a) {
          if (hasOwnProperty.call(a, key)) {
            // `size` will be `-1` if `a` has more properties than `b`
            return (result = --size > -1);
          }
        });
      }
      if (initedStack) {
        releaseArray(stackA);
        releaseArray(stackB);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.merge` without argument juggling or support
     * for `thisArg` binding.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {Object} source The source object.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize merging properties.
     * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
     * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates values with source counterparts.
     */
    function baseMerge(object, source, callback, stackA, stackB) {
      (isArray(source) ? forEach : forOwn)(source, function(source, key) {
        var found,
            isArr,
            result = source,
            value = object[key];

        if (source && ((isArr = isArray(source)) || isPlainObject(source))) {
          // avoid merging previously merged cyclic sources
          var stackLength = stackA.length;
          while (stackLength--) {
            if ((found = stackA[stackLength] == source)) {
              value = stackB[stackLength];
              break;
            }
          }
          if (!found) {
            var isShallow;
            if (callback) {
              result = callback(value, source);
              if ((isShallow = typeof result != 'undefined')) {
                value = result;
              }
            }
            if (!isShallow) {
              value = isArr
                ? (isArray(value) ? value : [])
                : (isPlainObject(value) ? value : {});
            }
            // add `source` and associated `value` to the stack of traversed objects
            stackA.push(source);
            stackB.push(value);

            // recursively merge objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)
            if (!isShallow) {
              baseMerge(value, source, callback, stackA, stackB);
            }
          }
        }
        else {
          if (callback) {
            result = callback(value, source);
            if (typeof result == 'undefined') {
              result = source;
            }
          }
          if (typeof result != 'undefined') {
            value = result;
          }
        }
        object[key] = value;
      });
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.uniq` without support for callback shorthands
     * or `thisArg` binding.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to process.
     * @param {boolean} [isSorted=false] A flag to indicate that `array` is sorted.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function called per iteration.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a duplicate-value-free array.
     */
    function baseUniq(array, isSorted, callback) {
      var index = -1,
          indexOf = getIndexOf(),
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          result = [];

      var isLarge = !isSorted && length >= largeArraySize && indexOf === baseIndexOf,
          seen = (callback || isLarge) ? getArray() : result;

      if (isLarge) {
        var cache = createCache(seen);
        if (cache) {
          indexOf = cacheIndexOf;
          seen = cache;
        } else {
          isLarge = false;
          seen = callback ? seen : (releaseArray(seen), result);
        }
      }
      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index],
            computed = callback ? callback(value, index, array) : value;

        if (isSorted
              ? !index || seen[seen.length - 1] !== computed
              : indexOf(seen, computed) < 0
            ) {
          if (callback || isLarge) {
            seen.push(computed);
          }
          result.push(value);
        }
      }
      if (isLarge) {
        releaseArray(seen.array);
        releaseObject(seen);
      } else if (callback) {
        releaseArray(seen);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that aggregates a collection, creating an object composed
     * of keys generated from the results of running each element of the collection
     * through a callback. The given `setter` function sets the keys and values
     * of the composed object.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} setter The setter function.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new aggregator function.
     */
    function createAggregator(setter) {
      return function(collection, callback, thisArg) {
        var result = {};
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

        var index = -1,
            length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

        if (typeof length == 'number') {
          while (++index < length) {
            var value = collection[index];
            setter(result, value, callback(value, index, collection), collection);
          }
        } else {
          forOwn(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
            setter(result, value, callback(value, key, collection), collection);
          });
        }
        return result;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that, when called, either curries or invokes `func`
     * with an optional `this` binding and partially applied arguments.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function|string} func The function or method name to reference.
     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of method flags to compose.
     *  The bitmask may be composed of the following flags:
     *  1 - `_.bind`
     *  2 - `_.bindKey`
     *  4 - `_.curry`
     *  8 - `_.curry` (bound)
     *  16 - `_.partial`
     *  32 - `_.partialRight`
     * @param {Array} [partialArgs] An array of arguments to prepend to those
     *  provided to the new function.
     * @param {Array} [partialRightArgs] An array of arguments to append to those
     *  provided to the new function.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
     * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
     */
    function createBound(func, bitmask, partialArgs, partialRightArgs, thisArg, arity) {
      var isBind = bitmask & 1,
          isBindKey = bitmask & 2,
          isCurry = bitmask & 4,
          isCurryBound = bitmask & 8,
          isPartial = bitmask & 16,
          isPartialRight = bitmask & 32,
          key = func;

      if (!isBindKey && !isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      if (isPartial && !partialArgs.length) {
        bitmask &= ~16;
        isPartial = partialArgs = false;
      }
      if (isPartialRight && !partialRightArgs.length) {
        bitmask &= ~32;
        isPartialRight = partialRightArgs = false;
      }
      var bindData = func && func.__bindData__;
      if (bindData) {
        if (isBind && !(bindData[1] & 1)) {
          bindData[4] = thisArg;
        }
        if (!isBind && bindData[1] & 1) {
          bitmask |= 8;
        }
        if (isCurry && !(bindData[1] & 4)) {
          bindData[5] = arity;
        }
        if (isPartial) {
          push.apply(bindData[2] || (bindData[2] = []), partialArgs);
        }
        if (isPartialRight) {
          push.apply(bindData[3] || (bindData[3] = []), partialRightArgs);
        }
        bindData[1] |= bitmask;
        return createBound.apply(null, bindData);
      }
      // use `Function#bind` if it exists and is fast
      // (in V8 `Function#bind` is slower except when partially applied)
      if (isBind && !(isBindKey || isCurry || isPartialRight) &&
          (support.fastBind || (nativeBind && isPartial))) {
        if (isPartial) {
          var args = [thisArg];
          push.apply(args, partialArgs);
        }
        var bound = isPartial
          ? nativeBind.apply(func, args)
          : nativeBind.call(func, thisArg);
      }
      else {
        bound = function() {
          // `Function#bind` spec
          // http://es5.github.io/#x15.3.4.5
          var args = arguments,
              thisBinding = isBind ? thisArg : this;

          if (isCurry || isPartial || isPartialRight) {
            args = nativeSlice.call(args);
            if (isPartial) {
              unshift.apply(args, partialArgs);
            }
            if (isPartialRight) {
              push.apply(args, partialRightArgs);
            }
            if (isCurry && args.length < arity) {
              bitmask |= 16 & ~32;
              return createBound(func, (isCurryBound ? bitmask : bitmask & ~3), args, null, thisArg, arity);
            }
          }
          if (isBindKey) {
            func = thisBinding[key];
          }
          if (this instanceof bound) {
            // ensure `new bound` is an instance of `func`
            thisBinding = createObject(func.prototype);

            // mimic the constructor's `return` behavior
            // http://es5.github.io/#x13.2.2
            var result = func.apply(thisBinding, args);
            return isObject(result) ? result : thisBinding;
          }
          return func.apply(thisBinding, args);
        };
      }
      setBindData(bound, nativeSlice.call(arguments));
      return bound;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new object with the specified `prototype`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} prototype The prototype object.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
     */
    function createObject(prototype) {
      return isObject(prototype) ? nativeCreate(prototype) : {};
    }
    // fallback for browsers without `Object.create`
    if (!nativeCreate) {
      createObject = function(prototype) {
        if (isObject(prototype)) {
          noop.prototype = prototype;
          var result = new noop;
          noop.prototype = null;
        }
        return result || {};
      };
    }

    /**
     * Used by `escape` to convert characters to HTML entities.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} match The matched character to escape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
     */
    function escapeHtmlChar(match) {
      return htmlEscapes[match];
    }

    /**
     * Gets the appropriate "indexOf" function. If the `_.indexOf` method is
     * customized, this method returns the custom method, otherwise it returns
     * the `baseIndexOf` function.
     *
     * @private
     * @returns {Function} Returns the "indexOf" function.
     */
    function getIndexOf() {
      var result = (result = lodash.indexOf) === indexOf ? baseIndexOf : result;
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Sets `this` binding data on a given function.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} func The function to set data on.
     * @param {*} value The value to set.
     */
    var setBindData = !defineProperty ? noop : function(func, value) {
      descriptor.value = value;
      defineProperty(func, '__bindData__', descriptor);
    };

    /**
     * A fallback implementation of `isPlainObject` which checks if a given value
     * is an object created by the `Object` constructor, assuming objects created
     * by the `Object` constructor have no inherited enumerable properties and that
     * there are no `Object.prototype` extensions.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
     */
    function shimIsPlainObject(value) {
      var ctor,
          result;

      // avoid non Object objects, `arguments` objects, and DOM elements
      if (!(value && toString.call(value) == objectClass) ||
          (ctor = value.constructor, isFunction(ctor) && !(ctor instanceof ctor))) {
        return false;
      }
      // In most environments an object's own properties are iterated before
      // its inherited properties. If the last iterated property is an object's
      // own property then there are no inherited enumerable properties.
      forIn(value, function(value, key) {
        result = key;
      });
      return typeof result == 'undefined' || hasOwnProperty.call(value, result);
    }

    /**
     * Used by `unescape` to convert HTML entities to characters.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} match The matched character to unescape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the unescaped character.
     */
    function unescapeHtmlChar(match) {
      return htmlUnescapes[match];
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is an `arguments` object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an `arguments` object, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * (function() { return _.isArguments(arguments); })(1, 2, 3);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => false
     */
    function isArguments(value) {
      return value && typeof value == 'object' && typeof value.length == 'number' &&
        toString.call(value) == argsClass || false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is an array.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an array, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * (function() { return _.isArray(arguments); })();
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => true
     */
    var isArray = nativeIsArray || function(value) {
      return value && typeof value == 'object' && typeof value.length == 'number' &&
        toString.call(value) == arrayClass || false;
    };

    /**
     * A fallback implementation of `Object.keys` which produces an array of the
     * given object's own enumerable property names.
     *
     * @private
     * @type Function
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property names.
     */
    var shimKeys = function(object) {
      var index, iterable = object, result = [];
      if (!iterable) return result;
      if (!(objectTypes[typeof object])) return result;
        for (index in iterable) {
          if (hasOwnProperty.call(iterable, index)) {
            result.push(index);
          }
        }
      return result
    };

    /**
     * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property names of an object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property names.
     * @example
     *
     * _.keys({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
     * // => ['one', 'two', 'three'] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    var keys = !nativeKeys ? shimKeys : function(object) {
      if (!isObject(object)) {
        return [];
      }
      return nativeKeys(object);
    };

    /**
     * Used to convert characters to HTML entities:
     *
     * Though the `>` character is escaped for symmetry, characters like `>` and `/`
     * don't require escaping in HTML and have no special meaning unless they're part
     * of a tag or an unquoted attribute value.
     * http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/ambiguous-ampersands (under "semi-related fun fact")
     */
    var htmlEscapes = {
      '&': '&',
      '<': '<',
      '>': '>',
      '"': '"',
      "'": '''
    };

    /** Used to convert HTML entities to characters */
    var htmlUnescapes = invert(htmlEscapes);

    /** Used to match HTML entities and HTML characters */
    var reEscapedHtml = RegExp('(' + keys(htmlUnescapes).join('|') + ')', 'g'),
        reUnescapedHtml = RegExp('[' + keys(htmlEscapes).join('') + ']', 'g');

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
     * object. Subsequent sources will overwrite property assignments of previous
     * sources. If a callback is provided it will be executed to produce the
     * assigned values. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with two
     * arguments; (objectValue, sourceValue).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @alias extend
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {...Object} [source] The source objects.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize assigning values.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
     * @example
     *
     * _.assign({ 'name': 'moe' }, { 'age': 40 });
     * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }
     *
     * var defaults = _.partialRight(_.assign, function(a, b) {
     *   return typeof a == 'undefined' ? b : a;
     * });
     *
     * var food = { 'name': 'apple' };
     * defaults(food, { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' });
     * // => { 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' }
     */
    var assign = function(object, source, guard) {
      var index, iterable = object, result = iterable;
      if (!iterable) return result;
      var args = arguments,
          argsIndex = 0,
          argsLength = typeof guard == 'number' ? 2 : args.length;
      if (argsLength > 3 && typeof args[argsLength - 2] == 'function') {
        var callback = baseCreateCallback(args[--argsLength - 1], args[argsLength--], 2);
      } else if (argsLength > 2 && typeof args[argsLength - 1] == 'function') {
        callback = args[--argsLength];
      }
      while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
        iterable = args[argsIndex];
        if (iterable && objectTypes[typeof iterable]) {
        var ownIndex = -1,
            ownProps = objectTypes[typeof iterable] && keys(iterable),
            length = ownProps ? ownProps.length : 0;

        while (++ownIndex < length) {
          index = ownProps[ownIndex];
          result[index] = callback ? callback(result[index], iterable[index]) : iterable[index];
        }
        }
      }
      return result
    };

    /**
     * Creates a clone of `value`. If `deep` is `true` nested objects will also
     * be cloned, otherwise they will be assigned by reference. If a callback
     * is provided it will be executed to produce the cloned values. If the
     * callback returns `undefined` cloning will be handled by the method instead.
     * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to clone.
     * @param {boolean} [deep=false] Specify a deep clone.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize cloning values.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
     * @example
     *
     * var stooges = [
     *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
     *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
     * ];
     *
     * var shallow = _.clone(stooges);
     * shallow[0] === stooges[0];
     * // => true
     *
     * var deep = _.clone(stooges, true);
     * deep[0] === stooges[0];
     * // => false
     *
     * _.mixin({
     *   'clone': _.partialRight(_.clone, function(value) {
     *     return _.isElement(value) ? value.cloneNode(false) : undefined;
     *   })
     * });
     *
     * var clone = _.clone(document.body);
     * clone.childNodes.length;
     * // => 0
     */
    function clone(value, deep, callback, thisArg) {
      // allows working with "Collections" methods without using their `index`
      // and `collection` arguments for `deep` and `callback`
      if (typeof deep != 'boolean' && deep != null) {
        thisArg = callback;
        callback = deep;
        deep = false;
      }
      return baseClone(value, deep, typeof callback == 'function' && baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 1));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a deep clone of `value`. If a callback is provided it will be
     * executed to produce the cloned values. If the callback returns `undefined`
     * cloning will be handled by the method instead. The callback is bound to
     * `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).
     *
     * Note: This method is loosely based on the structured clone algorithm. Functions
     * and DOM nodes are **not** cloned. The enumerable properties of `arguments` objects and
     * objects created by constructors other than `Object` are cloned to plain `Object` objects.
     * See http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/infrastructure.html#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to deep clone.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize cloning values.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the deep cloned value.
     * @example
     *
     * var stooges = [
     *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
     *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
     * ];
     *
     * var deep = _.cloneDeep(stooges);
     * deep[0] === stooges[0];
     * // => false
     *
     * var view = {
     *   'label': 'docs',
     *   'node': element
     * };
     *
     * var clone = _.cloneDeep(view, function(value) {
     *   return _.isElement(value) ? value.cloneNode(true) : undefined;
     * });
     *
     * clone.node == view.node;
     * // => false
     */
    function cloneDeep(value, callback, thisArg) {
      return baseClone(value, true, typeof callback == 'function' && baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 1));
    }

    /**
     * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
     * object for all destination properties that resolve to `undefined`. Once a
     * property is set, additional defaults of the same property will be ignored.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {...Object} [source] The source objects.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Allows working with `_.reduce` without using its
     *  `key` and `object` arguments as sources.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
     * @example
     *
     * var food = { 'name': 'apple' };
     * _.defaults(food, { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' });
     * // => { 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' }
     */
    var defaults = function(object, source, guard) {
      var index, iterable = object, result = iterable;
      if (!iterable) return result;
      var args = arguments,
          argsIndex = 0,
          argsLength = typeof guard == 'number' ? 2 : args.length;
      while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
        iterable = args[argsIndex];
        if (iterable && objectTypes[typeof iterable]) {
        var ownIndex = -1,
            ownProps = objectTypes[typeof iterable] && keys(iterable),
            length = ownProps ? ownProps.length : 0;

        while (++ownIndex < length) {
          index = ownProps[ownIndex];
          if (typeof result[index] == 'undefined') result[index] = iterable[index];
        }
        }
      }
      return result
    };

    /**
     * This method is like `_.findIndex` except that it returns the key of the
     * first element that passes the callback check, instead of the element itself.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to search.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called per
     *  iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used to
     *  create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the found element, else `undefined`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.findKey({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4 }, function(num) {
     *   return num % 2 == 0;
     * });
     * // => 'b' (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    function findKey(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var result;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      forOwn(object, function(value, key, object) {
        if (callback(value, key, object)) {
          result = key;
          return false;
        }
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.findKey` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` in the opposite order.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to search.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called per
     *  iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used to
     *  create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the found element, else `undefined`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.findLastKey({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4 }, function(num) {
     *   return num % 2 == 1;
     * });
     * // => returns `c`, assuming `_.findKey` returns `a`
     */
    function findLastKey(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var result;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      forOwnRight(object, function(value, key, object) {
        if (callback(value, key, object)) {
          result = key;
          return false;
        }
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over own and inherited enumerable properties of an object,
     * executing the callback for each property. The callback is bound to `thisArg`
     * and invoked with three arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit
     * iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * function Dog(name) {
     *   this.name = name;
     * }
     *
     * Dog.prototype.bark = function() {
     *   console.log('Woof, woof!');
     * };
     *
     * _.forIn(new Dog('Dagny'), function(value, key) {
     *   console.log(key);
     * });
     * // => logs 'bark' and 'name' (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    var forIn = function(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var index, iterable = collection, result = iterable;
      if (!iterable) return result;
      if (!objectTypes[typeof iterable]) return result;
      callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        for (index in iterable) {
          if (callback(iterable[index], index, collection) === false) return result;
        }
      return result
    };

    /**
     * This method is like `_.forIn` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` in the opposite order.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * function Dog(name) {
     *   this.name = name;
     * }
     *
     * Dog.prototype.bark = function() {
     *   console.log('Woof, woof!');
     * };
     *
     * _.forInRight(new Dog('Dagny'), function(value, key) {
     *   console.log(key);
     * });
     * // => logs 'name' and 'bark' assuming `_.forIn ` logs 'bark' and 'name'
     */
    function forInRight(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var pairs = [];

      forIn(object, function(value, key) {
        pairs.push(key, value);
      });

      var length = pairs.length;
      callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      while (length--) {
        if (callback(pairs[length--], pairs[length], object) === false) {
          break;
        }
      }
      return object;
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over own enumerable properties of an object, executing the callback
     * for each property. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
     * arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit iteration early by
     * explicitly returning `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.forOwn({ '0': 'zero', '1': 'one', 'length': 2 }, function(num, key) {
     *   console.log(key);
     * });
     * // => logs '0', '1', and 'length' (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    var forOwn = function(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var index, iterable = collection, result = iterable;
      if (!iterable) return result;
      if (!objectTypes[typeof iterable]) return result;
      callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        var ownIndex = -1,
            ownProps = objectTypes[typeof iterable] && keys(iterable),
            length = ownProps ? ownProps.length : 0;

        while (++ownIndex < length) {
          index = ownProps[ownIndex];
          if (callback(iterable[index], index, collection) === false) return result;
        }
      return result
    };

    /**
     * This method is like `_.forOwn` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` in the opposite order.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.forOwnRight({ '0': 'zero', '1': 'one', 'length': 2 }, function(num, key) {
     *   console.log(key);
     * });
     * // => logs 'length', '1', and '0' assuming `_.forOwn` logs '0', '1', and 'length'
     */
    function forOwnRight(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var props = keys(object),
          length = props.length;

      callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      while (length--) {
        var key = props[length];
        if (callback(object[key], key, object) === false) {
          break;
        }
      }
      return object;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a sorted array of property names of all enumerable properties,
     * own and inherited, of `object` that have function values.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias methods
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property names that have function values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.functions(_);
     * // => ['all', 'any', 'bind', 'bindAll', 'clone', 'compact', 'compose', ...]
     */
    function functions(object) {
      var result = [];
      forIn(object, function(value, key) {
        if (isFunction(value)) {
          result.push(key);
        }
      });
      return result.sort();
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the specified object `property` exists and is a direct property,
     * instead of an inherited property.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to check.
     * @param {string} property The property to check for.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if key is a direct property, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.has({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, 'b');
     * // => true
     */
    function has(object, property) {
      return object ? hasOwnProperty.call(object, property) : false;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object composed of the inverted keys and values of the given object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to invert.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the created inverted object.
     * @example
     *
     *  _.invert({ 'first': 'moe', 'second': 'larry' });
     * // => { 'moe': 'first', 'larry': 'second' }
     */
    function invert(object) {
      var index = -1,
          props = keys(object),
          length = props.length,
          result = {};

      while (++index < length) {
        var key = props[index];
        result[object[key]] = key;
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a boolean value.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a boolean value, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isBoolean(null);
     * // => false
     */
    function isBoolean(value) {
      return value === true || value === false || toString.call(value) == boolClass;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a date.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a date, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isDate(new Date);
     * // => true
     */
    function isDate(value) {
      return value ? (typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == dateClass) : false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a DOM element.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a DOM element, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isElement(document.body);
     * // => true
     */
    function isElement(value) {
      return value ? value.nodeType === 1 : false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is empty. Arrays, strings, or `arguments` objects with a
     * length of `0` and objects with no own enumerable properties are considered
     * "empty".
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Array|Object|string} value The value to inspect.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is empty, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isEmpty({});
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isEmpty('');
     * // => true
     */
    function isEmpty(value) {
      var result = true;
      if (!value) {
        return result;
      }
      var className = toString.call(value),
          length = value.length;

      if ((className == arrayClass || className == stringClass || className == argsClass ) ||
          (className == objectClass && typeof length == 'number' && isFunction(value.splice))) {
        return !length;
      }
      forOwn(value, function() {
        return (result = false);
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are
     * equivalent to each other. If a callback is provided it will be executed
     * to compare values. If the callback returns `undefined` comparisons will
     * be handled by the method instead. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
     * invoked with two arguments; (a, b).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} a The value to compare.
     * @param {*} b The other value to compare.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize comparing values.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * var moe = { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
     * var copy = { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
     *
     * moe == copy;
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isEqual(moe, copy);
     * // => true
     *
     * var words = ['hello', 'goodbye'];
     * var otherWords = ['hi', 'goodbye'];
     *
     * _.isEqual(words, otherWords, function(a, b) {
     *   var reGreet = /^(?:hello|hi)$/i,
     *       aGreet = _.isString(a) && reGreet.test(a),
     *       bGreet = _.isString(b) && reGreet.test(b);
     *
     *   return (aGreet || bGreet) ? (aGreet == bGreet) : undefined;
     * });
     * // => true
     */
    function isEqual(a, b, callback, thisArg) {
      return baseIsEqual(a, b, typeof callback == 'function' && baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 2));
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is, or can be coerced to, a finite number.
     *
     * Note: This is not the same as native `isFinite` which will return true for
     * booleans and empty strings. See http://es5.github.io/#x15.1.2.5.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is finite, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isFinite(-101);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isFinite('10');
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isFinite(true);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isFinite('');
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isFinite(Infinity);
     * // => false
     */
    function isFinite(value) {
      return nativeIsFinite(value) && !nativeIsNaN(parseFloat(value));
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a function, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isFunction(_);
     * // => true
     */
    function isFunction(value) {
      return typeof value == 'function';
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is the language type of Object.
     * (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an object, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isObject({});
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isObject(1);
     * // => false
     */
    function isObject(value) {
      // check if the value is the ECMAScript language type of Object
      // http://es5.github.io/#x8
      // and avoid a V8 bug
      // http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2291
      return !!(value && objectTypes[typeof value]);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is `NaN`.
     *
     * Note: This is not the same as native `isNaN` which will return `true` for
     * `undefined` and other non-numeric values. See http://es5.github.io/#x15.1.2.4.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isNaN(NaN);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isNaN(new Number(NaN));
     * // => true
     *
     * isNaN(undefined);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isNaN(undefined);
     * // => false
     */
    function isNaN(value) {
      // `NaN` as a primitive is the only value that is not equal to itself
      // (perform the [[Class]] check first to avoid errors with some host objects in IE)
      return isNumber(value) && value != +value;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is `null`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `null`, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isNull(null);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isNull(undefined);
     * // => false
     */
    function isNull(value) {
      return value === null;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a number.
     *
     * Note: `NaN` is considered a number. See http://es5.github.io/#x8.5.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a number, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isNumber(8.4 * 5);
     * // => true
     */
    function isNumber(value) {
      return typeof value == 'number' || toString.call(value) == numberClass;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is an object created by the `Object` constructor.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * function Stooge(name, age) {
     *   this.name = name;
     *   this.age = age;
     * }
     *
     * _.isPlainObject(new Stooge('moe', 40));
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isPlainObject([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isPlainObject({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 });
     * // => true
     */
    var isPlainObject = function(value) {
      if (!(value && toString.call(value) == objectClass)) {
        return false;
      }
      var valueOf = value.valueOf,
          objProto = typeof valueOf == 'function' && (objProto = getPrototypeOf(valueOf)) && getPrototypeOf(objProto);

      return objProto
        ? (value == objProto || getPrototypeOf(value) == objProto)
        : shimIsPlainObject(value);
    };

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a regular expression.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a regular expression, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isRegExp(/moe/);
     * // => true
     */
    function isRegExp(value) {
      return value ? (typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == regexpClass) : false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a string.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a string, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isString('moe');
     * // => true
     */
    function isString(value) {
      return typeof value == 'string' || toString.call(value) == stringClass;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is `undefined`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `undefined`, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isUndefined(void 0);
     * // => true
     */
    function isUndefined(value) {
      return typeof value == 'undefined';
    }

    /**
     * Recursively merges own enumerable properties of the source object(s), that
     * don't resolve to `undefined` into the destination object. Subsequent sources
     * will overwrite property assignments of previous sources. If a callback is
     * provided it will be executed to produce the merged values of the destination
     * and source properties. If the callback returns `undefined` merging will
     * be handled by the method instead. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
     * invoked with two arguments; (objectValue, sourceValue).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {...Object} [source] The source objects.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize merging properties.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
     * @example
     *
     * var names = {
     *   'stooges': [
     *     { 'name': 'moe' },
     *     { 'name': 'larry' }
     *   ]
     * };
     *
     * var ages = {
     *   'stooges': [
     *     { 'age': 40 },
     *     { 'age': 50 }
     *   ]
     * };
     *
     * _.merge(names, ages);
     * // => { 'stooges': [{ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }] }
     *
     * var food = {
     *   'fruits': ['apple'],
     *   'vegetables': ['beet']
     * };
     *
     * var otherFood = {
     *   'fruits': ['banana'],
     *   'vegetables': ['carrot']
     * };
     *
     * _.merge(food, otherFood, function(a, b) {
     *   return _.isArray(a) ? a.concat(b) : undefined;
     * });
     * // => { 'fruits': ['apple', 'banana'], 'vegetables': ['beet', 'carrot] }
     */
    function merge(object) {
      var args = arguments,
          length = 2;

      if (!isObject(object)) {
        return object;
      }
      // allows working with `_.reduce` and `_.reduceRight` without using
      // their `index` and `collection` arguments
      if (typeof args[2] != 'number') {
        length = args.length;
      }
      if (length > 3 && typeof args[length - 2] == 'function') {
        var callback = baseCreateCallback(args[--length - 1], args[length--], 2);
      } else if (length > 2 && typeof args[length - 1] == 'function') {
        callback = args[--length];
      }
      var sources = nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1, length),
          index = -1,
          stackA = getArray(),
          stackB = getArray();

      while (++index < length) {
        baseMerge(object, sources[index], callback, stackA, stackB);
      }
      releaseArray(stackA);
      releaseArray(stackB);
      return object;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a shallow clone of `object` excluding the specified properties.
     * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of
     * property names. If a callback is provided it will be executed for each
     * property of `object` omitting the properties the callback returns truey
     * for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, key, object).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The source object.
     * @param {Function|...string|string[]} [callback] The properties to omit or the
     *  function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns an object without the omitted properties.
     * @example
     *
     * _.omit({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, 'age');
     * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
     *
     * _.omit({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, function(value) {
     *   return typeof value == 'number';
     * });
     * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
     */
    function omit(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var indexOf = getIndexOf(),
          isFunc = typeof callback == 'function',
          result = {};

      if (isFunc) {
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      } else {
        var props = baseFlatten(arguments, true, false, 1);
      }
      forIn(object, function(value, key, object) {
        if (isFunc
              ? !callback(value, key, object)
              : indexOf(props, key) < 0
            ) {
          result[key] = value;
        }
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a two dimensional array of an object's key-value pairs,
     * i.e. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns new array of key-value pairs.
     * @example
     *
     * _.pairs({ 'moe': 30, 'larry': 40 });
     * // => [['moe', 30], ['larry', 40]] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    function pairs(object) {
      var index = -1,
          props = keys(object),
          length = props.length,
          result = Array(length);

      while (++index < length) {
        var key = props[index];
        result[index] = [key, object[key]];
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a shallow clone of `object` composed of the specified properties.
     * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of
     * property names. If a callback is provided it will be executed for each
     * property of `object` picking the properties the callback returns truey
     * for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, key, object).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The source object.
     * @param {Function|...string|string[]} [callback] The function called per
     *  iteration or property names to pick, specified as individual property
     *  names or arrays of property names.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns an object composed of the picked properties.
     * @example
     *
     * _.pick({ 'name': 'moe', '_userid': 'moe1' }, 'name');
     * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
     *
     * _.pick({ 'name': 'moe', '_userid': 'moe1' }, function(value, key) {
     *   return key.charAt(0) != '_';
     * });
     * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
     */
    function pick(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var result = {};
      if (typeof callback != 'function') {
        var index = -1,
            props = baseFlatten(arguments, true, false, 1),
            length = isObject(object) ? props.length : 0;

        while (++index < length) {
          var key = props[index];
          if (key in object) {
            result[key] = object[key];
          }
        }
      } else {
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        forIn(object, function(value, key, object) {
          if (callback(value, key, object)) {
            result[key] = value;
          }
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * An alternative to `_.reduce` this method transforms `object` to a new
     * `accumulator` object which is the result of running each of its elements
     * through a callback, with each callback execution potentially mutating
     * the `accumulator` object. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
     * with four arguments; (accumulator, value, key, object). Callbacks may exit
     * iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [accumulator] The custom accumulator value.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
     * @example
     *
     * var squares = _.transform([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], function(result, num) {
     *   num *= num;
     *   if (num % 2) {
     *     return result.push(num) < 3;
     *   }
     * });
     * // => [1, 9, 25]
     *
     * var mapped = _.transform({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, function(result, num, key) {
     *   result[key] = num * 3;
     * });
     * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6, 'c': 9 }
     */
    function transform(object, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
      var isArr = isArray(object);
      callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);

      if (accumulator == null) {
        if (isArr) {
          accumulator = [];
        } else {
          var ctor = object && object.constructor,
              proto = ctor && ctor.prototype;

          accumulator = createObject(proto);
        }
      }
      (isArr ? forEach : forOwn)(object, function(value, index, object) {
        return callback(accumulator, value, index, object);
      });
      return accumulator;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property values of `object`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.values({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
     * // => [1, 2, 3] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    function values(object) {
      var index = -1,
          props = keys(object),
          length = props.length,
          result = Array(length);

      while (++index < length) {
        result[index] = object[props[index]];
      }
      return result;
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates an array of elements from the specified indexes, or keys, of the
     * `collection`. Indexes may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays
     * of indexes.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {...(number|number[]|string|string[])} [index] The indexes of `collection`
     *   to retrieve, specified as individual indexes or arrays of indexes.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements corresponding to the
     *  provided indexes.
     * @example
     *
     * _.at(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'], [0, 2, 4]);
     * // => ['a', 'c', 'e']
     *
     * _.at(['moe', 'larry', 'curly'], 0, 2);
     * // => ['moe', 'curly']
     */
    function at(collection) {
      var args = arguments,
          index = -1,
          props = baseFlatten(args, true, false, 1),
          length = (args[2] && args[2][args[1]] === collection) ? 1 : props.length,
          result = Array(length);

      while(++index < length) {
        result[index] = collection[props[index]];
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a given value is present in a collection using strict equality
     * for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If `fromIndex` is negative, it is used as the
     * offset from the end of the collection.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias include
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {*} target The value to check for.
     * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `target` element is found, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 1);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 1, 2);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.contains({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, 'moe');
     * // => true
     *
     * _.contains('curly', 'ur');
     * // => true
     */
    function contains(collection, target, fromIndex) {
      var index = -1,
          indexOf = getIndexOf(),
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
          result = false;

      fromIndex = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, length + fromIndex) : fromIndex) || 0;
      if (isArray(collection)) {
        result = indexOf(collection, target, fromIndex) > -1;
      } else if (typeof length == 'number') {
        result = (isString(collection) ? collection.indexOf(target, fromIndex) : indexOf(collection, target, fromIndex)) > -1;
      } else {
        forOwn(collection, function(value) {
          if (++index >= fromIndex) {
            return !(result = value === target);
          }
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
     * each element of `collection` through the callback. The corresponding value
     * of each key is the number of times the key was returned by the callback.
     * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
     * @example
     *
     * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
     * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
     *
     * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
     * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
     *
     * _.countBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
     * // => { '3': 2, '5': 1 }
     */
    var countBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
      (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? result[key]++ : result[key] = 1);
    });

    /**
     * Checks if the given callback returns truey value for **all** elements of
     * a collection. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
     * arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias all
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements passed the callback check,
     *  else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);
     * // => false
     *
     * var stooges = [
     *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
     *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.every(stooges, 'age');
     * // => true
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.every(stooges, { 'age': 50 });
     * // => false
     */
    function every(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var result = true;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        while (++index < length) {
          if (!(result = !!callback(collection[index], index, collection))) {
            break;
          }
        }
      } else {
        forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          return (result = !!callback(value, index, collection));
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over elements of a collection, returning an array of all elements
     * the callback returns truey for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
     * invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias select
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that passed the callback check.
     * @example
     *
     * var evens = _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
     * // => [2, 4, 6]
     *
     * var food = [
     *   { 'name': 'apple',  'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
     *   { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true,  'type': 'vegetable' }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.filter(food, 'organic');
     * // => [{ 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }]
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.filter(food, { 'type': 'fruit' });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' }]
     */
    function filter(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var result = [];
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        while (++index < length) {
          var value = collection[index];
          if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
            result.push(value);
          }
        }
      } else {
        forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
            result.push(value);
          }
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over elements of a collection, returning the first element that
     * the callback returns truey for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
     * invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias detect, findWhere
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the found element, else `undefined`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.find([1, 2, 3, 4], function(num) {
     *   return num % 2 == 0;
     * });
     * // => 2
     *
     * var food = [
     *   { 'name': 'apple',  'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
     *   { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true,  'type': 'fruit' },
     *   { 'name': 'beet',   'organic': false, 'type': 'vegetable' }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.find(food, { 'type': 'vegetable' });
     * // => { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false, 'type': 'vegetable' }
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.find(food, 'organic');
     * // => { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true, 'type': 'fruit' }
     */
    function find(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        while (++index < length) {
          var value = collection[index];
          if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
            return value;
          }
        }
      } else {
        var result;
        forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
            result = value;
            return false;
          }
        });
        return result;
      }
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.find` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` from right to left.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the found element, else `undefined`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.findLast([1, 2, 3, 4], function(num) {
     *   return num % 2 == 1;
     * });
     * // => 3
     */
    function findLast(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var result;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      forEachRight(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
        if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
          result = value;
          return false;
        }
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over elements of a collection, executing the callback for each
     * element. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, index|key, collection). Callbacks may exit iteration early by
     * explicitly returning `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias each
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
     * @example
     *
     * _([1, 2, 3]).forEach(function(num) { console.log(num); }).join(',');
     * // => logs each number and returns '1,2,3'
     *
     * _.forEach({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, function(num) { console.log(num); });
     * // => logs each number and returns the object (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    function forEach(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        while (++index < length) {
          if (callback(collection[index], index, collection) === false) {
            break;
          }
        }
      } else {
        forOwn(collection, callback);
      }
      return collection;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.forEach` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` from right to left.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias eachRight
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
     * @example
     *
     * _([1, 2, 3]).forEachRight(function(num) { console.log(num); }).join(',');
     * // => logs each number from right to left and returns '3,2,1'
     */
    function forEachRight(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
      callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        while (length--) {
          if (callback(collection[length], length, collection) === false) {
            break;
          }
        }
      } else {
        var props = keys(collection);
        length = props.length;
        forOwn(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
          key = props ? props[--length] : --length;
          return callback(collection[key], key, collection);
        });
      }
      return collection;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
     * each element of a collection through the callback. The corresponding value
     * of each key is an array of the elements responsible for generating the key.
     * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
     * @example
     *
     * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
     * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
     *
     * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
     * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
     * // => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }
     */
    var groupBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
      (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? result[key] : result[key] = []).push(value);
    });

    /**
     * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
     * each element of the collection through the given callback. The corresponding
     * value of each key is the last element responsible for generating the key.
     * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
     * @example
     *
     * var keys = [
     *   { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 },
     *   { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 }
     * ];
     *
     * _.indexBy(keys, 'dir');
     * // => { 'left': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'right': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
     *
     * _.indexBy(keys, function(key) { return String.fromCharCode(key.code); });
     * // => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
     *
     * _.indexBy(stooges, function(key) { this.fromCharCode(key.code); }, String);
     * // => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
     */
    var indexBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
      result[key] = value;
    });

    /**
     * Invokes the method named by `methodName` on each element in the `collection`
     * returning an array of the results of each invoked method. Additional arguments
     * will be provided to each invoked method. If `methodName` is a function it
     * will be invoked for, and `this` bound to, each element in the `collection`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|string} methodName The name of the method to invoke or
     *  the function invoked per iteration.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to invoke the method with.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each invoked method.
     * @example
     *
     * _.invoke([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
     * // => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]
     *
     * _.invoke([123, 456], String.prototype.split, '');
     * // => [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']]
     */
    function invoke(collection, methodName) {
      var args = nativeSlice.call(arguments, 2),
          index = -1,
          isFunc = typeof methodName == 'function',
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
          result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);

      forEach(collection, function(value) {
        result[++index] = (isFunc ? methodName : value[methodName]).apply(value, args);
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of values by running each element in the collection
     * through the callback. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
     * three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias collect
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each `callback` execution.
     * @example
     *
     * _.map([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return num * 3; });
     * // => [3, 6, 9]
     *
     * _.map({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, function(num) { return num * 3; });
     * // => [3, 6, 9] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     *
     * var stooges = [
     *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
     *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.map(stooges, 'name');
     * // => ['moe', 'larry']
     */
    function map(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        var result = Array(length);
        while (++index < length) {
          result[index] = callback(collection[index], index, collection);
        }
      } else {
        result = [];
        forOwn(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
          result[++index] = callback(value, key, collection);
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the maximum value of a collection. If the collection is empty or
     * falsey `-Infinity` is returned. If a callback is provided it will be executed
     * for each value in the collection to generate the criterion by which the value
     * is ranked. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
     * arguments; (value, index, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the maximum value.
     * @example
     *
     * _.max([4, 2, 8, 6]);
     * // => 8
     *
     * var stooges = [
     *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
     *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
     * ];
     *
     * _.max(stooges, function(stooge) { return stooge.age; });
     * // => { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 };
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.max(stooges, 'age');
     * // => { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 };
     */
    function max(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var computed = -Infinity,
          result = computed;

      if (!callback && isArray(collection)) {
        var index = -1,
            length = collection.length;

        while (++index < length) {
          var value = collection[index];
          if (value > result) {
            result = value;
          }
        }
      } else {
        callback = (!callback && isString(collection))
          ? charAtCallback
          : lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

        forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          var current = callback(value, index, collection);
          if (current > computed) {
            computed = current;
            result = value;
          }
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the minimum value of a collection. If the collection is empty or
     * falsey `Infinity` is returned. If a callback is provided it will be executed
     * for each value in the collection to generate the criterion by which the value
     * is ranked. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
     * arguments; (value, index, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the minimum value.
     * @example
     *
     * _.min([4, 2, 8, 6]);
     * // => 2
     *
     * var stooges = [
     *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
     *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
     * ];
     *
     * _.min(stooges, function(stooge) { return stooge.age; });
     * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.min(stooges, 'age');
     * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
     */
    function min(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var computed = Infinity,
          result = computed;

      if (!callback && isArray(collection)) {
        var index = -1,
            length = collection.length;

        while (++index < length) {
          var value = collection[index];
          if (value < result) {
            result = value;
          }
        }
      } else {
        callback = (!callback && isString(collection))
          ? charAtCallback
          : lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

        forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          var current = callback(value, index, collection);
          if (current < computed) {
            computed = current;
            result = value;
          }
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the value of a specified property from all elements in the `collection`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {string} property The property to pluck.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property values.
     * @example
     *
     * var stooges = [
     *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
     *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
     * ];
     *
     * _.pluck(stooges, 'name');
     * // => ['moe', 'larry']
     */
    function pluck(collection, property) {
      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        var result = Array(length);
        while (++index < length) {
          result[index] = collection[index][property];
        }
      }
      return result || map(collection, property);
    }

    /**
     * Reduces a collection to a value which is the accumulated result of running
     * each element in the collection through the callback, where each successive
     * callback execution consumes the return value of the previous execution. If
     * `accumulator` is not provided the first element of the collection will be
     * used as the initial `accumulator` value. The callback is bound to `thisArg`
     * and invoked with four arguments; (accumulator, value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias foldl, inject
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
     * @example
     *
     * var sum = _.reduce([1, 2, 3], function(sum, num) {
     *   return sum + num;
     * });
     * // => 6
     *
     * var mapped = _.reduce({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, function(result, num, key) {
     *   result[key] = num * 3;
     *   return result;
     * }, {});
     * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6, 'c': 9 }
     */
    function reduce(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
      if (!collection) return accumulator;
      var noaccum = arguments.length < 3;
      callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);

      var index = -1,
          length = collection.length;

      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        if (noaccum) {
          accumulator = collection[++index];
        }
        while (++index < length) {
          accumulator = callback(accumulator, collection[index], index, collection);
        }
      } else {
        forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          accumulator = noaccum
            ? (noaccum = false, value)
            : callback(accumulator, value, index, collection)
        });
      }
      return accumulator;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.reduce` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` from right to left.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias foldr
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
     * @example
     *
     * var list = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];
     * var flat = _.reduceRight(list, function(a, b) { return a.concat(b); }, []);
     * // => [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]
     */
    function reduceRight(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
      var noaccum = arguments.length < 3;
      callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);
      forEachRight(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
        accumulator = noaccum
          ? (noaccum = false, value)
          : callback(accumulator, value, index, collection);
      });
      return accumulator;
    }

    /**
     * The opposite of `_.filter` this method returns the elements of a
     * collection that the callback does **not** return truey for.
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that failed the callback check.
     * @example
     *
     * var odds = _.reject([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
     * // => [1, 3, 5]
     *
     * var food = [
     *   { 'name': 'apple',  'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
     *   { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true,  'type': 'vegetable' }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.reject(food, 'organic');
     * // => [{ 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' }]
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.reject(food, { 'type': 'fruit' });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }]
     */
    function reject(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      return filter(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
        return !callback(value, index, collection);
      });
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves a random element or `n` random elements from a collection.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to sample.
     * @param {number} [n] The number of elements to sample.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Allows working with functions, like `_.map`,
     *  without using their `key` and `object` arguments as sources.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the random sample(s) of `collection`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.sample([1, 2, 3, 4]);
     * // => 2
     *
     * _.sample([1, 2, 3, 4], 2);
     * // => [3, 1]
     */
    function sample(collection, n, guard) {
      var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
      if (typeof length != 'number') {
        collection = values(collection);
      }
      if (n == null || guard) {
        return collection ? collection[random(length - 1)] : undefined;
      }
      var result = shuffle(collection);
      result.length = nativeMin(nativeMax(0, n), result.length);
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of shuffled values, using a version of the Fisher-Yates
     * shuffle. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to shuffle.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new shuffled collection.
     * @example
     *
     * _.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
     * // => [4, 1, 6, 3, 5, 2]
     */
    function shuffle(collection) {
      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
          result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);

      forEach(collection, function(value) {
        var rand = random(++index);
        result[index] = result[rand];
        result[rand] = value;
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the size of the `collection` by returning `collection.length` for arrays
     * and array-like objects or the number of own enumerable properties for objects.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to inspect.
     * @returns {number} Returns `collection.length` or number of own enumerable properties.
     * @example
     *
     * _.size([1, 2]);
     * // => 2
     *
     * _.size({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
     * // => 3
     *
     * _.size('curly');
     * // => 5
     */
    function size(collection) {
      var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
      return typeof length == 'number' ? length : keys(collection).length;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the callback returns a truey value for **any** element of a
     * collection. The function returns as soon as it finds a passing value and
     * does not iterate over the entire collection. The callback is bound to
     * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias any
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passed the callback check,
     *  else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false], Boolean);
     * // => true
     *
     * var food = [
     *   { 'name': 'apple',  'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
     *   { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true,  'type': 'vegetable' }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.some(food, 'organic');
     * // => true
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.some(food, { 'type': 'meat' });
     * // => false
     */
    function some(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var result;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        while (++index < length) {
          if ((result = callback(collection[index], index, collection))) {
            break;
          }
        }
      } else {
        forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          return !(result = callback(value, index, collection));
        });
      }
      return !!result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of elements, sorted in ascending order by the results of
     * running each element in a collection through the callback. This method
     * performs a stable sort, that is, it will preserve the original sort order
     * of equal elements. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
     * three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of sorted elements.
     * @example
     *
     * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return Math.sin(num); });
     * // => [3, 1, 2]
     *
     * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return this.sin(num); }, Math);
     * // => [3, 1, 2]
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.sortBy(['banana', 'strawberry', 'apple'], 'length');
     * // => ['apple', 'banana', 'strawberry']
     */
    function sortBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
          result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);

      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      forEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
        var object = result[++index] = getObject();
        object.criteria = callback(value, key, collection);
        object.index = index;
        object.value = value;
      });

      length = result.length;
      result.sort(compareAscending);
      while (length--) {
        var object = result[length];
        result[length] = object.value;
        releaseObject(object);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Converts the `collection` to an array.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to convert.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new converted array.
     * @example
     *
     * (function() { return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1); })(1, 2, 3, 4);
     * // => [2, 3, 4]
     */
    function toArray(collection) {
      if (collection && typeof collection.length == 'number') {
        return slice(collection);
      }
      return values(collection);
    }

    /**
     * Performs a deep comparison of each element in a `collection` to the given
     * `properties` object, returning an array of all elements that have equivalent
     * property values.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Object} properties The object of property values to filter by.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that have the given properties.
     * @example
     *
     * var stooges = [
     *   { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 30, 'quotes': ['Oh, a wise guy, eh?', 'Poifect!'] },
     *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40, 'quotes': ['Spread out!', 'You knucklehead!'] }
     * ];
     *
     * _.where(stooges, { 'age': 40 });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40, 'quotes': ['Spread out!', 'You knucklehead!'] }]
     *
     * _.where(stooges, { 'quotes': ['Poifect!'] });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'curly', 'age': 30, 'quotes': ['Oh, a wise guy, eh?', 'Poifect!'] }]
     */
    var where = filter;

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates an array with all falsey values removed. The values `false`, `null`,
     * `0`, `""`, `undefined`, and `NaN` are all falsey.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of filtered values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     */
    function compact(array) {
      var index = -1,
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          result = [];

      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index];
        if (value) {
          result.push(value);
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array excluding all values of the provided arrays using strict
     * equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to process.
     * @param {...Array} [array] The arrays of values to exclude.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of filtered values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.difference([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [5, 2, 10]);
     * // => [1, 3, 4]
     */
    function difference(array) {
      var index = -1,
          indexOf = getIndexOf(),
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          seen = baseFlatten(arguments, true, true, 1),
          result = [];

      var isLarge = length >= largeArraySize && indexOf === baseIndexOf;

      if (isLarge) {
        var cache = createCache(seen);
        if (cache) {
          indexOf = cacheIndexOf;
          seen = cache;
        } else {
          isLarge = false;
        }
      }
      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index];
        if (indexOf(seen, value) < 0) {
          result.push(value);
        }
      }
      if (isLarge) {
        releaseObject(seen);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.find` except that it returns the index of the first
     * element that passes the callback check, instead of the element itself.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.findIndex(['apple', 'banana', 'beet'], function(food) {
     *   return /^b/.test(food);
     * });
     * // => 1
     */
    function findIndex(array, callback, thisArg) {
      var index = -1,
          length = array ? array.length : 0;

      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      while (++index < length) {
        if (callback(array[index], index, array)) {
          return index;
        }
      }
      return -1;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.findIndex` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` from right to left.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.findLastIndex(['apple', 'banana', 'beet'], function(food) {
     *   return /^b/.test(food);
     * });
     * // => 2
     */
    function findLastIndex(array, callback, thisArg) {
      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      while (length--) {
        if (callback(array[length], length, array)) {
          return length;
        }
      }
      return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the first element or first `n` elements of an array. If a callback
     * is provided elements at the beginning of the array are returned as long
     * as the callback returns truey. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
     * invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias head, take
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback] The function called
     *  per element or the number of elements to return. If a property name or
     *  object is provided it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
     *  style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the first element(s) of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.first([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => 1
     *
     * _.first([1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => [1, 2]
     *
     * _.first([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
     *   return num < 3;
     * });
     * // => [1, 2]
     *
     * var food = [
     *   { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true },
     *   { 'name': 'beet',   'organic': false },
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.first(food, 'organic');
     * // => [{ 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true }]
     *
     * var food = [
     *   { 'name': 'apple',  'type': 'fruit' },
     *   { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' },
     *   { 'name': 'beet',   'type': 'vegetable' }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.first(food, { 'type': 'fruit' });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' }, { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' }]
     */
    function first(array, callback, thisArg) {
      var n = 0,
          length = array ? array.length : 0;

      if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
        var index = -1;
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        while (++index < length && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
          n++;
        }
      } else {
        n = callback;
        if (n == null || thisArg) {
          return array ? array[0] : undefined;
        }
      }
      return slice(array, 0, nativeMin(nativeMax(0, n), length));
    }

    /**
     * Flattens a nested array (the nesting can be to any depth). If `isShallow`
     * is truey, the array will only be flattened a single level. If a callback
     * is provided each element of the array is passed through the callback before
     * flattening. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
     * arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
     * @param {boolean} [isShallow=false] A flag to restrict flattening to a single level.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new flattened array.
     * @example
     *
     * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]]);
     * // => [1, 2, 3, 4];
     *
     * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]], true);
     * // => [1, 2, 3, [[4]]];
     *
     * var stooges = [
     *   { 'name': 'curly', 'quotes': ['Oh, a wise guy, eh?', 'Poifect!'] },
     *   { 'name': 'moe', 'quotes': ['Spread out!', 'You knucklehead!'] }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.flatten(stooges, 'quotes');
     * // => ['Oh, a wise guy, eh?', 'Poifect!', 'Spread out!', 'You knucklehead!']
     */
    function flatten(array, isShallow, callback, thisArg) {
      // juggle arguments
      if (typeof isShallow != 'boolean' && isShallow != null) {
        thisArg = callback;
        callback = !(thisArg && thisArg[isShallow] === array) ? isShallow : null;
        isShallow = false;
      }
      if (callback != null) {
        array = map(array, callback, thisArg);
      }
      return baseFlatten(array, isShallow);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `value` is found using
     * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the array is already sorted
     * providing `true` for `fromIndex` will run a faster binary search.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
     * @param {boolean|number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from or `true`
     *  to perform a binary search on a sorted array.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => 1
     *
     * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);
     * // => 4
     *
     * _.indexOf([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3], 2, true);
     * // => 2
     */
    function indexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
      if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
        fromIndex = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, length + fromIndex) : fromIndex || 0);
      } else if (fromIndex) {
        var index = sortedIndex(array, value);
        return array[index] === value ? index : -1;
      }
      return baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex);
    }

    /**
     * Gets all but the last element or last `n` elements of an array. If a
     * callback is provided elements at the end of the array are excluded from
     * the result as long as the callback returns truey. The callback is bound
     * to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback=1] The function called
     *  per element or the number of elements to exclude. If a property name or
     *  object is provided it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
     *  style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a slice of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.initial([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => [1, 2]
     *
     * _.initial([1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => [1]
     *
     * _.initial([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
     *   return num > 1;
     * });
     * // => [1]
     *
     * var food = [
     *   { 'name': 'beet',   'organic': false },
     *   { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.initial(food, 'organic');
     * // => [{ 'name': 'beet',   'organic': false }]
     *
     * var food = [
     *   { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' },
     *   { 'name': 'beet',   'type': 'vegetable' },
     *   { 'name': 'carrot', 'type': 'vegetable' }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.initial(food, { 'type': 'vegetable' });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' }]
     */
    function initial(array, callback, thisArg) {
      var n = 0,
          length = array ? array.length : 0;

      if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
        var index = length;
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        while (index-- && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
          n++;
        }
      } else {
        n = (callback == null || thisArg) ? 1 : callback || n;
      }
      return slice(array, 0, nativeMin(nativeMax(0, length - n), length));
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of unique values present in all provided arrays using
     * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {...Array} [array] The arrays to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of composite values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.intersection([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]);
     * // => [1, 2]
     */
    function intersection(array) {
      var args = arguments,
          argsLength = args.length,
          argsIndex = -1,
          caches = getArray(),
          index = -1,
          indexOf = getIndexOf(),
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          result = [],
          seen = getArray();

      while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
        var value = args[argsIndex];
        caches[argsIndex] = indexOf === baseIndexOf &&
          (value ? value.length : 0) >= largeArraySize &&
          createCache(argsIndex ? args[argsIndex] : seen);
      }
      outer:
      while (++index < length) {
        var cache = caches[0];
        value = array[index];

        if ((cache ? cacheIndexOf(cache, value) : indexOf(seen, value)) < 0) {
          argsIndex = argsLength;
          (cache || seen).push(value);
          while (--argsIndex) {
            cache = caches[argsIndex];
            if ((cache ? cacheIndexOf(cache, value) : indexOf(args[argsIndex], value)) < 0) {
              continue outer;
            }
          }
          result.push(value);
        }
      }
      while (argsLength--) {
        cache = caches[argsLength];
        if (cache) {
          releaseObject(cache);
        }
      }
      releaseArray(caches);
      releaseArray(seen);
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the last element or last `n` elements of an array. If a callback is
     * provided elements at the end of the array are returned as long as the
     * callback returns truey. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
     * with three arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback] The function called
     *  per element or the number of elements to return. If a property name or
     *  object is provided it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
     *  style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the last element(s) of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.last([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => 3
     *
     * _.last([1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => [2, 3]
     *
     * _.last([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
     *   return num > 1;
     * });
     * // => [2, 3]
     *
     * var food = [
     *   { 'name': 'beet',   'organic': false },
     *   { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.last(food, 'organic');
     * // => [{ 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true }]
     *
     * var food = [
     *   { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' },
     *   { 'name': 'beet',   'type': 'vegetable' },
     *   { 'name': 'carrot', 'type': 'vegetable' }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.last(food, { 'type': 'vegetable' });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'beet', 'type': 'vegetable' }, { 'name': 'carrot', 'type': 'vegetable' }]
     */
    function last(array, callback, thisArg) {
      var n = 0,
          length = array ? array.length : 0;

      if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
        var index = length;
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        while (index-- && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
          n++;
        }
      } else {
        n = callback;
        if (n == null || thisArg) {
          return array ? array[length - 1] : undefined;
        }
      }
      return slice(array, nativeMax(0, length - n));
    }

    /**
     * Gets the index at which the last occurrence of `value` is found using strict
     * equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If `fromIndex` is negative, it is used
     * as the offset from the end of the collection.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
     * @param {number} [fromIndex=array.length-1] The index to search from.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => 4
     *
     * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);
     * // => 1
     */
    function lastIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
      var index = array ? array.length : 0;
      if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
        index = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, index + fromIndex) : nativeMin(fromIndex, index - 1)) + 1;
      }
      while (index--) {
        if (array[index] === value) {
          return index;
        }
      }
      return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Removes all provided values from the given array using strict equality for
     * comparisons, i.e. `===`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
     * @param {...*} [value] The values to remove.
     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3];
     * _.pull(array, 2, 3);
     * console.log(array);
     * // => [1, 1]
     */
    function pull(array) {
      var args = arguments,
          argsIndex = 0,
          argsLength = args.length,
          length = array ? array.length : 0;

      while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
        var index = -1,
            value = args[argsIndex];
        while (++index < length) {
          if (array[index] === value) {
            splice.call(array, index--, 1);
            length--;
          }
        }
      }
      return array;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of numbers (positive and/or negative) progressing from
     * `start` up to but not including `end`. If `start` is less than `stop` a
     * zero-length range is created unless a negative `step` is specified.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {number} [start=0] The start of the range.
     * @param {number} end The end of the range.
     * @param {number} [step=1] The value to increment or decrement by.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new range array.
     * @example
     *
     * _.range(10);
     * // => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
     *
     * _.range(1, 11);
     * // => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
     *
     * _.range(0, 30, 5);
     * // => [0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25]
     *
     * _.range(0, -10, -1);
     * // => [0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9]
     *
     * _.range(1, 4, 0);
     * // => [1, 1, 1]
     *
     * _.range(0);
     * // => []
     */
    function range(start, end, step) {
      start = +start || 0;
      step = typeof step == 'number' ? step : (+step || 1);

      if (end == null) {
        end = start;
        start = 0;
      }
      // use `Array(length)` so engines, like Chakra and V8, avoid slower modes
      // http://youtu.be/XAqIpGU8ZZk#t=17m25s
      var index = -1,
          length = nativeMax(0, ceil((end - start) / (step || 1))),
          result = Array(length);

      while (++index < length) {
        result[index] = start;
        start += step;
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Removes all elements from an array that the callback returns truey for
     * and returns an array of removed elements. The callback is bound to `thisArg`
     * and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of removed elements.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
     * var evens = _.remove(array, function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
     *
     * console.log(array);
     * // => [1, 3, 5]
     *
     * console.log(evens);
     * // => [2, 4, 6]
     */
    function remove(array, callback, thisArg) {
      var index = -1,
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          result = [];

      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index];
        if (callback(value, index, array)) {
          result.push(value);
          splice.call(array, index--, 1);
          length--;
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The opposite of `_.initial` this method gets all but the first element or
     * first `n` elements of an array. If a callback function is provided elements
     * at the beginning of the array are excluded from the result as long as the
     * callback returns truey. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
     * with three arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias drop, tail
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback=1] The function called
     *  per element or the number of elements to exclude. If a property name or
     *  object is provided it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
     *  style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a slice of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.rest([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => [2, 3]
     *
     * _.rest([1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => [3]
     *
     * _.rest([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
     *   return num < 3;
     * });
     * // => [3]
     *
     * var food = [
     *   { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true },
     *   { 'name': 'beet',   'organic': false },
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.rest(food, 'organic');
     * // => [{ 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false }]
     *
     * var food = [
     *   { 'name': 'apple',  'type': 'fruit' },
     *   { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' },
     *   { 'name': 'beet',   'type': 'vegetable' }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.rest(food, { 'type': 'fruit' });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'beet', 'type': 'vegetable' }]
     */
    function rest(array, callback, thisArg) {
      if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
        var n = 0,
            index = -1,
            length = array ? array.length : 0;

        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        while (++index < length && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
          n++;
        }
      } else {
        n = (callback == null || thisArg) ? 1 : nativeMax(0, callback);
      }
      return slice(array, n);
    }

    /**
     * Uses a binary search to determine the smallest index at which a value
     * should be inserted into a given sorted array in order to maintain the sort
     * order of the array. If a callback is provided it will be executed for
     * `value` and each element of `array` to compute their sort ranking. The
     * callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
     *  into `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.sortedIndex([20, 30, 50], 40);
     * // => 2
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.sortedIndex([{ 'x': 20 }, { 'x': 30 }, { 'x': 50 }], { 'x': 40 }, 'x');
     * // => 2
     *
     * var dict = {
     *   'wordToNumber': { 'twenty': 20, 'thirty': 30, 'fourty': 40, 'fifty': 50 }
     * };
     *
     * _.sortedIndex(['twenty', 'thirty', 'fifty'], 'fourty', function(word) {
     *   return dict.wordToNumber[word];
     * });
     * // => 2
     *
     * _.sortedIndex(['twenty', 'thirty', 'fifty'], 'fourty', function(word) {
     *   return this.wordToNumber[word];
     * }, dict);
     * // => 2
     */
    function sortedIndex(array, value, callback, thisArg) {
      var low = 0,
          high = array ? array.length : low;

      // explicitly reference `identity` for better inlining in Firefox
      callback = callback ? lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 1) : identity;
      value = callback(value);

      while (low < high) {
        var mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
        (callback(array[mid]) < value)
          ? low = mid + 1
          : high = mid;
      }
      return low;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of unique values, in order, of the provided arrays using
     * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {...Array} [array] The arrays to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of composite values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.union([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]);
     * // => [1, 2, 3, 101, 10]
     */
    function union(array) {
      return baseUniq(baseFlatten(arguments, true, true));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a duplicate-value-free version of an array using strict equality
     * for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the array is sorted, providing
     * `true` for `isSorted` will use a faster algorithm. If a callback is provided
     * each element of `array` is passed through the callback before uniqueness
     * is computed. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
     * arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias unique
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to process.
     * @param {boolean} [isSorted=false] A flag to indicate that `array` is sorted.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a duplicate-value-free array.
     * @example
     *
     * _.uniq([1, 2, 1, 3, 1]);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     *
     * _.uniq([1, 1, 2, 2, 3], true);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     *
     * _.uniq(['A', 'b', 'C', 'a', 'B', 'c'], function(letter) { return letter.toLowerCase(); });
     * // => ['A', 'b', 'C']
     *
     * _.uniq([1, 2.5, 3, 1.5, 2, 3.5], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
     * // => [1, 2.5, 3]
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.uniq([{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
     * // => [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }]
     */
    function uniq(array, isSorted, callback, thisArg) {
      // juggle arguments
      if (typeof isSorted != 'boolean' && isSorted != null) {
        thisArg = callback;
        callback = !(thisArg && thisArg[isSorted] === array) ? isSorted : null;
        isSorted = false;
      }
      if (callback != null) {
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      }
      return baseUniq(array, isSorted, callback);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array excluding all provided values using strict equality for
     * comparisons, i.e. `===`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to filter.
     * @param {...*} [value] The values to exclude.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of filtered values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.without([1, 2, 1, 0, 3, 1, 4], 0, 1);
     * // => [2, 3, 4]
     */
    function without(array) {
      return difference(array, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1));
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of grouped elements, the first of which contains the first
     * elements of the given arrays, the second of which contains the second
     * elements of the given arrays, and so on.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias unzip
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {...Array} [array] Arrays to process.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of grouped elements.
     * @example
     *
     * _.zip(['moe', 'larry'], [30, 40], [true, false]);
     * // => [['moe', 30, true], ['larry', 40, false]]
     */
    function zip() {
      var array = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments : arguments[0],
          index = -1,
          length = array ? max(pluck(array, 'length')) : 0,
          result = Array(length < 0 ? 0 : length);

      while (++index < length) {
        result[index] = pluck(array, index);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object composed from arrays of `keys` and `values`. Provide
     * either a single two dimensional array, i.e. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`
     * or two arrays, one of `keys` and one of corresponding `values`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias object
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} keys The array of keys.
     * @param {Array} [values=[]] The array of values.
     * @returns {Object} Returns an object composed of the given keys and
     *  corresponding values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.zipObject(['moe', 'larry'], [30, 40]);
     * // => { 'moe': 30, 'larry': 40 }
     */
    function zipObject(keys, values) {
      var index = -1,
          length = keys ? keys.length : 0,
          result = {};

      while (++index < length) {
        var key = keys[index];
        if (values) {
          result[key] = values[index];
        } else if (key) {
          result[key[0]] = key[1];
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates a function that executes `func`, with  the `this` binding and
     * arguments of the created function, only after being called `n` times.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {number} n The number of times the function must be called before
     *  `func` is executed.
     * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
     * @example
     *
     * var saves = ['profile', 'settings'];
     *
     * var done = _.after(saves.length, function() {
     *   console.log('Done saving!');
     * });
     *
     * _.forEach(saves, function(type) {
     *   asyncSave({ 'type': type, 'complete': done });
     * });
     * // => logs 'Done saving!', after all saves have completed
     */
    function after(n, func) {
      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      return function() {
        if (--n < 1) {
          return func.apply(this, arguments);
        }
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `func` with the `this`
     * binding of `thisArg` and prepends any additional `bind` arguments to those
     * provided to the bound function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
     * @example
     *
     * var func = function(greeting) {
     *   return greeting + ' ' + this.name;
     * };
     *
     * func = _.bind(func, { 'name': 'moe' }, 'hi');
     * func();
     * // => 'hi moe'
     */
    function bind(func, thisArg) {
      return arguments.length > 2
        ? createBound(func, 17, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 2), null, thisArg)
        : createBound(func, 1, null, null, thisArg);
    }

    /**
     * Binds methods of an object to the object itself, overwriting the existing
     * method. Method names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays
     * of method names. If no method names are provided all the function properties
     * of `object` will be bound.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Object} object The object to bind and assign the bound methods to.
     * @param {...string} [methodName] The object method names to
     *  bind, specified as individual method names or arrays of method names.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * var view = {
     *  'label': 'docs',
     *  'onClick': function() { console.log('clicked ' + this.label); }
     * };
     *
     * _.bindAll(view);
     * jQuery('#docs').on('click', view.onClick);
     * // => logs 'clicked docs', when the button is clicked
     */
    function bindAll(object) {
      var funcs = arguments.length > 1 ? baseFlatten(arguments, true, false, 1) : functions(object),
          index = -1,
          length = funcs.length;

      while (++index < length) {
        var key = funcs[index];
        object[key] = createBound(object[key], 1, null, null, object);
      }
      return object;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that, when called, invokes the method at `object[key]`
     * and prepends any additional `bindKey` arguments to those provided to the bound
     * function. This method differs from `_.bind` by allowing bound functions to
     * reference methods that will be redefined or don't yet exist.
     * See http://michaux.ca/articles/lazy-function-definition-pattern.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Object} object The object the method belongs to.
     * @param {string} key The key of the method.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = {
     *   'name': 'moe',
     *   'greet': function(greeting) {
     *     return greeting + ' ' + this.name;
     *   }
     * };
     *
     * var func = _.bindKey(object, 'greet', 'hi');
     * func();
     * // => 'hi moe'
     *
     * object.greet = function(greeting) {
     *   return greeting + ', ' + this.name + '!';
     * };
     *
     * func();
     * // => 'hi, moe!'
     */
    function bindKey(object, key) {
      return arguments.length > 2
        ? createBound(key, 19, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 2), null, object)
        : createBound(key, 3, null, null, object);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that is the composition of the provided functions,
     * where each function consumes the return value of the function that follows.
     * For example, composing the functions `f()`, `g()`, and `h()` produces `f(g(h()))`.
     * Each function is executed with the `this` binding of the composed function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {...Function} [func] Functions to compose.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new composed function.
     * @example
     *
     * var realNameMap = {
     *   'curly': 'jerome'
     * };
     *
     * var format = function(name) {
     *   name = realNameMap[name.toLowerCase()] || name;
     *   return name.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + name.slice(1).toLowerCase();
     * };
     *
     * var greet = function(formatted) {
     *   return 'Hiya ' + formatted + '!';
     * };
     *
     * var welcome = _.compose(greet, format);
     * welcome('curly');
     * // => 'Hiya Jerome!'
     */
    function compose() {
      var funcs = arguments,
          length = funcs.length;

      while (length--) {
        if (!isFunction(funcs[length])) {
          throw new TypeError;
        }
      }
      return function() {
        var args = arguments,
            length = funcs.length;

        while (length--) {
          args = [funcs[length].apply(this, args)];
        }
        return args[0];
      };
    }

    /**
     * Produces a callback bound to an optional `thisArg`. If `func` is a property
     * name the created callback will return the property value for a given element.
     * If `func` is an object the created callback will return `true` for elements
     * that contain the equivalent object properties, otherwise it will return `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {*} [func=identity] The value to convert to a callback.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of the created callback.
     * @param {number} [argCount] The number of arguments the callback accepts.
     * @returns {Function} Returns a callback function.
     * @example
     *
     * var stooges = [
     *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
     *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
     * ];
     *
     * // wrap to create custom callback shorthands
     * _.createCallback = _.wrap(_.createCallback, function(func, callback, thisArg) {
     *   var match = /^(.+?)__([gl]t)(.+)$/.exec(callback);
     *   return !match ? func(callback, thisArg) : function(object) {
     *     return match[2] == 'gt' ? object[match[1]] > match[3] : object[match[1]] < match[3];
     *   };
     * });
     *
     * _.filter(stooges, 'age__gt45');
     * // => [{ 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }]
     */
    function createCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {
      var type = typeof func;
      if (func == null || type == 'function') {
        return baseCreateCallback(func, thisArg, argCount);
      }
      // handle "_.pluck" style callback shorthands
      if (type != 'object') {
        return function(object) {
          return object[func];
        };
      }
      var props = keys(func),
          key = props[0],
          a = func[key];

      // handle "_.where" style callback shorthands
      if (props.length == 1 && a === a && !isObject(a)) {
        // fast path the common case of providing an object with a single
        // property containing a primitive value
        return function(object) {
          var b = object[key];
          return a === b && (a !== 0 || (1 / a == 1 / b));
        };
      }
      return function(object) {
        var length = props.length,
            result = false;

        while (length--) {
          if (!(result = baseIsEqual(object[props[length]], func[props[length]], null, true))) {
            break;
          }
        }
        return result;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function which accepts one or more arguments of `func` that when
     * invoked either executes `func` returning its result, if all `func` arguments
     * have been provided, or returns a function that accepts one or more of the
     * remaining `func` arguments, and so on. The arity of `func` can be specified
     * if `func.length` is not sufficient.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to curry.
     * @param {number} [arity=func.length] The arity of `func`.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new curried function.
     * @example
     *
     * var curried = _.curry(function(a, b, c) {
     *   console.log(a + b + c);
     * });
     *
     * curried(1)(2)(3);
     * // => 6
     *
     * curried(1, 2)(3);
     * // => 6
     *
     * curried(1, 2, 3);
     * // => 6
     */
    function curry(func, arity) {
      arity = typeof arity == 'number' ? arity : (+arity || func.length);
      return createBound(func, 4, null, null, null, arity);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that will delay the execution of `func` until after
     * `wait` milliseconds have elapsed since the last time it was invoked.
     * Provide an options object to indicate that `func` should be invoked on
     * the leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls
     * to the debounced function will return the result of the last `func` call.
     *
     * Note: If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true` `func` will be called
     * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the debounced function is
     * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.
     * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay.
     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
     * @param {boolean} [options.leading=false] Specify execution on the leading edge of the timeout.
     * @param {number} [options.maxWait] The maximum time `func` is allowed to be delayed before it's called.
     * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] Specify execution on the trailing edge of the timeout.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.
     * @example
     *
     * // avoid costly calculations while the window size is in flux
     * var lazyLayout = _.debounce(calculateLayout, 150);
     * jQuery(window).on('resize', lazyLayout);
     *
     * // execute `sendMail` when the click event is fired, debouncing subsequent calls
     * jQuery('#postbox').on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 300, {
     *   'leading': true,
     *   'trailing': false
     * });
     *
     * // ensure `batchLog` is executed once after 1 second of debounced calls
     * var source = new EventSource('/stream');
     * source.addEventListener('message', _.debounce(batchLog, 250, {
     *   'maxWait': 1000
     * }, false);
     */
    function debounce(func, wait, options) {
      var args,
          maxTimeoutId,
          result,
          stamp,
          thisArg,
          timeoutId,
          trailingCall,
          lastCalled = 0,
          maxWait = false,
          trailing = true;

      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      wait = nativeMax(0, wait) || 0;
      if (options === true) {
        var leading = true;
        trailing = false;
      } else if (isObject(options)) {
        leading = options.leading;
        maxWait = 'maxWait' in options && (nativeMax(wait, options.maxWait) || 0);
        trailing = 'trailing' in options ? options.trailing : trailing;
      }
      var delayed = function() {
        var remaining = wait - (now() - stamp);
        if (remaining <= 0) {
          if (maxTimeoutId) {
            clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);
          }
          var isCalled = trailingCall;
          maxTimeoutId = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;
          if (isCalled) {
            lastCalled = now();
            result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
          }
        } else {
          timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, remaining);
        }
      };

      var maxDelayed = function() {
        if (timeoutId) {
          clearTimeout(timeoutId);
        }
        maxTimeoutId = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;
        if (trailing || (maxWait !== wait)) {
          lastCalled = now();
          result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
        }
      };

      return function() {
        args = arguments;
        stamp = now();
        thisArg = this;
        trailingCall = trailing && (timeoutId || !leading);

        if (maxWait === false) {
          var leadingCall = leading && !timeoutId;
        } else {
          if (!maxTimeoutId && !leading) {
            lastCalled = stamp;
          }
          var remaining = maxWait - (stamp - lastCalled);
          if (remaining <= 0) {
            if (maxTimeoutId) {
              maxTimeoutId = clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);
            }
            lastCalled = stamp;
            result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
          }
          else if (!maxTimeoutId) {
            maxTimeoutId = setTimeout(maxDelayed, remaining);
          }
        }
        if (!timeoutId && wait !== maxWait) {
          timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, wait);
        }
        if (leadingCall) {
          result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
        }
        return result;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Defers executing the `func` function until the current call stack has cleared.
     * Additional arguments will be provided to `func` when it is invoked.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to defer.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to invoke the function with.
     * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
     * @example
     *
     * _.defer(function() { console.log('deferred'); });
     * // returns from the function before 'deferred' is logged
     */
    function defer(func) {
      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      var args = nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1);
      return setTimeout(function() { func.apply(undefined, args); }, 1);
    }
    // use `setImmediate` if available in Node.js
    if (isV8 && moduleExports && typeof setImmediate == 'function') {
      defer = function(func) {
        if (!isFunction(func)) {
          throw new TypeError;
        }
        return setImmediate.apply(context, arguments);
      };
    }

    /**
     * Executes the `func` function after `wait` milliseconds. Additional arguments
     * will be provided to `func` when it is invoked.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
     * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay execution.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to invoke the function with.
     * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
     * @example
     *
     * var log = _.bind(console.log, console);
     * _.delay(log, 1000, 'logged later');
     * // => 'logged later' (Appears after one second.)
     */
    function delay(func, wait) {
      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      var args = nativeSlice.call(arguments, 2);
      return setTimeout(function() { func.apply(undefined, args); }, wait);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that memoizes the result of `func`. If `resolver` is
     * provided it will be used to determine the cache key for storing the result
     * based on the arguments provided to the memoized function. By default, the
     * first argument provided to the memoized function is used as the cache key.
     * The `func` is executed with the `this` binding of the memoized function.
     * The result cache is exposed as the `cache` property on the memoized function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized.
     * @param {Function} [resolver] A function used to resolve the cache key.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoizing function.
     * @example
     *
     * var fibonacci = _.memoize(function(n) {
     *   return n < 2 ? n : fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
     * });
     *
     * var data = {
     *   'moe': { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
     *   'curly': { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
     * };
     *
     * // modifying the result cache
     * var stooge = _.memoize(function(name) { return data[name]; }, _.identity);
     * stooge('curly');
     * // => { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
     *
     * stooge.cache.curly.name = 'jerome';
     * stooge('curly');
     * // => { 'name': 'jerome', 'age': 60 }
     */
    function memoize(func, resolver) {
      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      var memoized = function() {
        var cache = memoized.cache,
            key = resolver ? resolver.apply(this, arguments) : keyPrefix + arguments[0];

        return hasOwnProperty.call(cache, key)
          ? cache[key]
          : (cache[key] = func.apply(this, arguments));
      }
      memoized.cache = {};
      return memoized;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that is restricted to execute `func` once. Repeat calls to
     * the function will return the value of the first call. The `func` is executed
     * with the `this` binding of the created function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
     * @example
     *
     * var initialize = _.once(createApplication);
     * initialize();
     * initialize();
     * // `initialize` executes `createApplication` once
     */
    function once(func) {
      var ran,
          result;

      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      return function() {
        if (ran) {
          return result;
        }
        ran = true;
        result = func.apply(this, arguments);

        // clear the `func` variable so the function may be garbage collected
        func = null;
        return result;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `func` with any additional
     * `partial` arguments prepended to those provided to the new function. This
     * method is similar to `_.bind` except it does **not** alter the `this` binding.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
     * @example
     *
     * var greet = function(greeting, name) { return greeting + ' ' + name; };
     * var hi = _.partial(greet, 'hi');
     * hi('moe');
     * // => 'hi moe'
     */
    function partial(func) {
      return createBound(func, 16, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1));
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.partial` except that `partial` arguments are
     * appended to those provided to the new function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
     * @example
     *
     * var defaultsDeep = _.partialRight(_.merge, _.defaults);
     *
     * var options = {
     *   'variable': 'data',
     *   'imports': { 'jq': $ }
     * };
     *
     * defaultsDeep(options, _.templateSettings);
     *
     * options.variable
     * // => 'data'
     *
     * options.imports
     * // => { '_': _, 'jq': $ }
     */
    function partialRight(func) {
      return createBound(func, 32, null, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that, when executed, will only call the `func` function
     * at most once per every `wait` milliseconds. Provide an options object to
     * indicate that `func` should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge
     * of the `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls to the throttled function will
     * return the result of the last `func` call.
     *
     * Note: If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true` `func` will be called
     * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the throttled function is
     * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to throttle.
     * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to throttle executions to.
     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
     * @param {boolean} [options.leading=true] Specify execution on the leading edge of the timeout.
     * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] Specify execution on the trailing edge of the timeout.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new throttled function.
     * @example
     *
     * // avoid excessively updating the position while scrolling
     * var throttled = _.throttle(updatePosition, 100);
     * jQuery(window).on('scroll', throttled);
     *
     * // execute `renewToken` when the click event is fired, but not more than once every 5 minutes
     * jQuery('.interactive').on('click', _.throttle(renewToken, 300000, {
     *   'trailing': false
     * }));
     */
    function throttle(func, wait, options) {
      var leading = true,
          trailing = true;

      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      if (options === false) {
        leading = false;
      } else if (isObject(options)) {
        leading = 'leading' in options ? options.leading : leading;
        trailing = 'trailing' in options ? options.trailing : trailing;
      }
      debounceOptions.leading = leading;
      debounceOptions.maxWait = wait;
      debounceOptions.trailing = trailing;

      var result = debounce(func, wait, debounceOptions);
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that provides `value` to the wrapper function as its
     * first argument. Additional arguments provided to the function are appended
     * to those provided to the wrapper function. The wrapper is executed with
     * the `this` binding of the created function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
     * @param {Function} wrapper The wrapper function.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var hello = function(name) { return 'hello ' + name; };
     * hello = _.wrap(hello, function(func) {
     *   return 'before, ' + func('moe') + ', after';
     * });
     * hello();
     * // => 'before, hello moe, after'
     */
    function wrap(value, wrapper) {
      if (!isFunction(wrapper)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      return function() {
        var args = [value];
        push.apply(args, arguments);
        return wrapper.apply(this, args);
      };
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Converts the characters `&`, `<`, `>`, `"`, and `'` in `string` to their
     * corresponding HTML entities.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {string} string The string to escape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the escaped string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.escape('Moe, Larry & Curly');
     * // => 'Moe, Larry & Curly'
     */
    function escape(string) {
      return string == null ? '' : String(string).replace(reUnescapedHtml, escapeHtmlChar);
    }

    /**
     * This method returns the first argument provided to it.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {*} value Any value.
     * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
     * @example
     *
     * var moe = { 'name': 'moe' };
     * moe === _.identity(moe);
     * // => true
     */
    function identity(value) {
      return value;
    }

    /**
     * Adds function properties of a source object to the `lodash` function and
     * chainable wrapper.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {Object} object The object of function properties to add to `lodash`.
     * @param {Object} object The object of function properties to add to `lodash`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.mixin({
     *   'capitalize': function(string) {
     *     return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1).toLowerCase();
     *   }
     * });
     *
     * _.capitalize('moe');
     * // => 'Moe'
     *
     * _('moe').capitalize();
     * // => 'Moe'
     */
    function mixin(object, source) {
      var ctor = object,
          isFunc = !source || isFunction(ctor);

      if (!source) {
        ctor = lodashWrapper;
        source = object;
        object = lodash;
      }
      forEach(functions(source), function(methodName) {
        var func = object[methodName] = source[methodName];
        if (isFunc) {
          ctor.prototype[methodName] = function() {
            var value = this.__wrapped__,
                args = [value];

            push.apply(args, arguments);
            var result = func.apply(object, args);
            if (value && typeof value == 'object' && value === result) {
              return this;
            }
            result = new ctor(result);
            result.__chain__ = this.__chain__;
            return result;
          };
        }
      });
    }

    /**
     * Reverts the '_' variable to its previous value and returns a reference to
     * the `lodash` function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.
     * @example
     *
     * var lodash = _.noConflict();
     */
    function noConflict() {
      context._ = oldDash;
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * Converts the given value into an integer of the specified radix.
     * If `radix` is `undefined` or `0` a `radix` of `10` is used unless the
     * `value` is a hexadecimal, in which case a `radix` of `16` is used.
     *
     * Note: This method avoids differences in native ES3 and ES5 `parseInt`
     * implementations. See http://es5.github.io/#E.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {string} value The value to parse.
     * @param {number} [radix] The radix used to interpret the value to parse.
     * @returns {number} Returns the new integer value.
     * @example
     *
     * _.parseInt('08');
     * // => 8
     */
    var parseInt = nativeParseInt(whitespace + '08') == 8 ? nativeParseInt : function(value, radix) {
      // Firefox and Opera still follow the ES3 specified implementation of `parseInt`
      return nativeParseInt(isString(value) ? value.replace(reLeadingSpacesAndZeros, '') : value, radix || 0);
    };

    /**
     * Produces a random number between `min` and `max` (inclusive). If only one
     * argument is provided a number between `0` and the given number will be
     * returned. If `floating` is truey or either `min` or `max` are floats a
     * floating-point number will be returned instead of an integer.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {number} [min=0] The minimum possible value.
     * @param {number} [max=1] The maximum possible value.
     * @param {boolean} [floating=false] Specify returning a floating-point number.
     * @returns {number} Returns a random number.
     * @example
     *
     * _.random(0, 5);
     * // => an integer between 0 and 5
     *
     * _.random(5);
     * // => also an integer between 0 and 5
     *
     * _.random(5, true);
     * // => a floating-point number between 0 and 5
     *
     * _.random(1.2, 5.2);
     * // => a floating-point number between 1.2 and 5.2
     */
    function random(min, max, floating) {
      var noMin = min == null,
          noMax = max == null;

      if (floating == null) {
        if (typeof min == 'boolean' && noMax) {
          floating = min;
          min = 1;
        }
        else if (!noMax && typeof max == 'boolean') {
          floating = max;
          noMax = true;
        }
      }
      if (noMin && noMax) {
        max = 1;
      }
      min = +min || 0;
      if (noMax) {
        max = min;
        min = 0;
      } else {
        max = +max || 0;
      }
      var rand = nativeRandom();
      return (floating || min % 1 || max % 1)
        ? nativeMin(min + (rand * (max - min + parseFloat('1e-' + ((rand +'').length - 1)))), max)
        : min + floor(rand * (max - min + 1));
    }

    /**
     * Resolves the value of `property` on `object`. If `property` is a function
     * it will be invoked with the `this` binding of `object` and its result returned,
     * else the property value is returned. If `object` is falsey then `undefined`
     * is returned.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @param {string} property The property to get the value of.
     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = {
     *   'cheese': 'crumpets',
     *   'stuff': function() {
     *     return 'nonsense';
     *   }
     * };
     *
     * _.result(object, 'cheese');
     * // => 'crumpets'
     *
     * _.result(object, 'stuff');
     * // => 'nonsense'
     */
    function result(object, property) {
      if (object) {
        var value = object[property];
        return isFunction(value) ? object[property]() : value;
      }
    }

    /**
     * A micro-templating method that handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves
     * whitespace, and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.
     *
     * Note: In the development build, `_.template` utilizes sourceURLs for easier
     * debugging. See http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl
     *
     * For more information on precompiling templates see:
     * http://lodash.com/#custom-builds
     *
     * For more information on Chrome extension sandboxes see:
     * http://developer.chrome.com/stable/extensions/sandboxingEval.html
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {string} text The template text.
     * @param {Object} data The data object used to populate the text.
     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
     * @param {RegExp} [options.escape] The "escape" delimiter.
     * @param {RegExp} [options.evaluate] The "evaluate" delimiter.
     * @param {Object} [options.imports] An object to import into the template as local variables.
     * @param {RegExp} [options.interpolate] The "interpolate" delimiter.
     * @param {string} [sourceURL] The sourceURL of the template's compiled source.
     * @param {string} [variable] The data object variable name.
     * @returns {Function|string} Returns a compiled function when no `data` object
     *  is given, else it returns the interpolated text.
     * @example
     *
     * // using the "interpolate" delimiter to create a compiled template
     * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= name %>');
     * compiled({ 'name': 'moe' });
     * // => 'hello moe'
     *
     * // using the "escape" delimiter to escape HTML in data property values
     * _.template('<b><%- value %></b>', { 'value': '<script>' });
     * // => '<b><script></b>'
     *
     * // using the "evaluate" delimiter to generate HTML
     * var list = '<% _.forEach(people, function(name) { %><li><%- name %></li><% }); %>';
     * _.template(list, { 'people': ['moe', 'larry'] });
     * // => '<li>moe</li><li>larry</li>'
     *
     * // using the ES6 delimiter as an alternative to the default "interpolate" delimiter
     * _.template('hello ${ name }', { 'name': 'curly' });
     * // => 'hello curly'
     *
     * // using the internal `print` function in "evaluate" delimiters
     * _.template('<% print("hello " + name); %>!', { 'name': 'larry' });
     * // => 'hello larry!'
     *
     * // using a custom template delimiters
     * _.templateSettings = {
     *   'interpolate': /{{([\s\S]+?)}}/g
     * };
     *
     * _.template('hello {{ name }}!', { 'name': 'mustache' });
     * // => 'hello mustache!'
     *
     * // using the `imports` option to import jQuery
     * var list = '<% $.each(people, function(name) { %><li><%- name %></li><% }); %>';
     * _.template(list, { 'people': ['moe', 'larry'] }, { 'imports': { '$': jQuery } });
     * // => '<li>moe</li><li>larry</li>'
     *
     * // using the `sourceURL` option to specify a custom sourceURL for the template
     * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= name %>', null, { 'sourceURL': '/basic/greeting.jst' });
     * compiled(data);
     * // => find the source of "greeting.jst" under the Sources tab or Resources panel of the web inspector
     *
     * // using the `variable` option to ensure a with-statement isn't used in the compiled template
     * var compiled = _.template('hi <%= data.name %>!', null, { 'variable': 'data' });
     * compiled.source;
     * // => function(data) {
     *   var __t, __p = '', __e = _.escape;
     *   __p += 'hi ' + ((__t = ( data.name )) == null ? '' : __t) + '!';
     *   return __p;
     * }
     *
     * // using the `source` property to inline compiled templates for meaningful
     * // line numbers in error messages and a stack trace
     * fs.writeFileSync(path.join(cwd, 'jst.js'), '\
     *   var JST = {\
     *     "main": ' + _.template(mainText).source + '\
     *   };\
     * ');
     */
    function template(text, data, options) {
      // based on John Resig's `tmpl` implementation
      // http://ejohn.org/blog/javascript-micro-templating/
      // and Laura Doktorova's doT.js
      // https://github.com/olado/doT
      var settings = lodash.templateSettings;
      text || (text = '');

      // avoid missing dependencies when `iteratorTemplate` is not defined
      options = defaults({}, options, settings);

      var imports = defaults({}, options.imports, settings.imports),
          importsKeys = keys(imports),
          importsValues = values(imports);

      var isEvaluating,
          index = 0,
          interpolate = options.interpolate || reNoMatch,
          source = "__p += '";

      // compile the regexp to match each delimiter
      var reDelimiters = RegExp(
        (options.escape || reNoMatch).source + '|' +
        interpolate.source + '|' +
        (interpolate === reInterpolate ? reEsTemplate : reNoMatch).source + '|' +
        (options.evaluate || reNoMatch).source + '|$'
      , 'g');

      text.replace(reDelimiters, function(match, escapeValue, interpolateValue, esTemplateValue, evaluateValue, offset) {
        interpolateValue || (interpolateValue = esTemplateValue);

        // escape characters that cannot be included in string literals
        source += text.slice(index, offset).replace(reUnescapedString, escapeStringChar);

        // replace delimiters with snippets
        if (escapeValue) {
          source += "' +\n__e(" + escapeValue + ") +\n'";
        }
        if (evaluateValue) {
          isEvaluating = true;
          source += "';\n" + evaluateValue + ";\n__p += '";
        }
        if (interpolateValue) {
          source += "' +\n((__t = (" + interpolateValue + ")) == null ? '' : __t) +\n'";
        }
        index = offset + match.length;

        // the JS engine embedded in Adobe products requires returning the `match`
        // string in order to produce the correct `offset` value
        return match;
      });

      source += "';\n";

      // if `variable` is not specified, wrap a with-statement around the generated
      // code to add the data object to the top of the scope chain
      var variable = options.variable,
          hasVariable = variable;

      if (!hasVariable) {
        variable = 'obj';
        source = 'with (' + variable + ') {\n' + source + '\n}\n';
      }
      // cleanup code by stripping empty strings
      source = (isEvaluating ? source.replace(reEmptyStringLeading, '') : source)
        .replace(reEmptyStringMiddle, '$1')
        .replace(reEmptyStringTrailing, '$1;');

      // frame code as the function body
      source = 'function(' + variable + ') {\n' +
        (hasVariable ? '' : variable + ' || (' + variable + ' = {});\n') +
        "var __t, __p = '', __e = _.escape" +
        (isEvaluating
          ? ', __j = Array.prototype.join;\n' +
            "function print() { __p += __j.call(arguments, '') }\n"
          : ';\n'
        ) +
        source +
        'return __p\n}';

      // Use a sourceURL for easier debugging.
      // http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl
      var sourceURL = '\n/*\n//# sourceURL=' + (options.sourceURL || '/lodash/template/source[' + (templateCounter++) + ']') + '\n*/';

      try {
        var result = Function(importsKeys, 'return ' + source + sourceURL).apply(undefined, importsValues);
      } catch(e) {
        e.source = source;
        throw e;
      }
      if (data) {
        return result(data);
      }
      // provide the compiled function's source by its `toString` method, in
      // supported environments, or the `source` property as a convenience for
      // inlining compiled templates during the build process
      result.source = source;
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Executes the callback `n` times, returning an array of the results
     * of each callback execution. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
     * with one argument; (index).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {number} n The number of times to execute the callback.
     * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of the results of each `callback` execution.
     * @example
     *
     * var diceRolls = _.times(3, _.partial(_.random, 1, 6));
     * // => [3, 6, 4]
     *
     * _.times(3, function(n) { mage.castSpell(n); });
     * // => calls `mage.castSpell(n)` three times, passing `n` of `0`, `1`, and `2` respectively
     *
     * _.times(3, function(n) { this.cast(n); }, mage);
     * // => also calls `mage.castSpell(n)` three times
     */
    function times(n, callback, thisArg) {
      n = (n = +n) > -1 ? n : 0;
      var index = -1,
          result = Array(n);

      callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 1);
      while (++index < n) {
        result[index] = callback(index);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The inverse of `_.escape` this method converts the HTML entities
     * `&`, `<`, `>`, `"`, and `'` in `string` to their
     * corresponding characters.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {string} string The string to unescape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the unescaped string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.unescape('Moe, Larry & Curly');
     * // => 'Moe, Larry & Curly'
     */
    function unescape(string) {
      return string == null ? '' : String(string).replace(reEscapedHtml, unescapeHtmlChar);
    }

    /**
     * Generates a unique ID. If `prefix` is provided the ID will be appended to it.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {string} [prefix] The value to prefix the ID with.
     * @returns {string} Returns the unique ID.
     * @example
     *
     * _.uniqueId('contact_');
     * // => 'contact_104'
     *
     * _.uniqueId();
     * // => '105'
     */
    function uniqueId(prefix) {
      var id = ++idCounter;
      return String(prefix == null ? '' : prefix) + id;
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates a `lodash` object that wraps the given value with explicit
     * method chaining enabled.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chaining
     * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the wrapper object.
     * @example
     *
     * var stooges = [
     *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
     *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 },
     *   { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
     * ];
     *
     * var youngest = _.chain(stooges)
     *     .sortBy('age')
     *     .map(function(stooge) { return stooge.name + ' is ' + stooge.age; })
     *     .first()
     *     .value();
     * // => 'moe is 40'
     */
    function chain(value) {
      value = new lodashWrapper(value);
      value.__chain__ = true;
      return value;
    }

    /**
     * Invokes `interceptor` with the `value` as the first argument and then
     * returns `value`. The purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method
     * chain in order to perform operations on intermediate results within
     * the chain.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chaining
     * @param {*} value The value to provide to `interceptor`.
     * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
     * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
     * @example
     *
     * _([1, 2, 3, 4])
     *  .filter(function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; })
     *  .tap(function(array) { console.log(array); })
     *  .map(function(num) { return num * num; })
     *  .value();
     * // => // [2, 4] (logged)
     * // => [4, 16]
     */
    function tap(value, interceptor) {
      interceptor(value);
      return value;
    }

    /**
     * Enables explicit method chaining on the wrapper object.
     *
     * @name chain
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chaining
     * @returns {*} Returns the wrapper object.
     * @example
     *
     * var stooges = [
     *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
     *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
     * ];
     *
     * // without explicit chaining
     * _(stooges).first();
     * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }
     *
     * // with explicit chaining
     * _(stooges).chain()
     *   .first()
     *   .pick('age')
     *   .value()
     * // => { 'age': 40 }
     */
    function wrapperChain() {
      this.__chain__ = true;
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * Produces the `toString` result of the wrapped value.
     *
     * @name toString
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chaining
     * @returns {string} Returns the string result.
     * @example
     *
     * _([1, 2, 3]).toString();
     * // => '1,2,3'
     */
    function wrapperToString() {
      return String(this.__wrapped__);
    }

    /**
     * Extracts the wrapped value.
     *
     * @name valueOf
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias value
     * @category Chaining
     * @returns {*} Returns the wrapped value.
     * @example
     *
     * _([1, 2, 3]).valueOf();
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     */
    function wrapperValueOf() {
      return this.__wrapped__;
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    // add functions that return wrapped values when chaining
    lodash.after = after;
    lodash.assign = assign;
    lodash.at = at;
    lodash.bind = bind;
    lodash.bindAll = bindAll;
    lodash.bindKey = bindKey;
    lodash.chain = chain;
    lodash.compact = compact;
    lodash.compose = compose;
    lodash.countBy = countBy;
    lodash.createCallback = createCallback;
    lodash.curry = curry;
    lodash.debounce = debounce;
    lodash.defaults = defaults;
    lodash.defer = defer;
    lodash.delay = delay;
    lodash.difference = difference;
    lodash.filter = filter;
    lodash.flatten = flatten;
    lodash.forEach = forEach;
    lodash.forEachRight = forEachRight;
    lodash.forIn = forIn;
    lodash.forInRight = forInRight;
    lodash.forOwn = forOwn;
    lodash.forOwnRight = forOwnRight;
    lodash.functions = functions;
    lodash.groupBy = groupBy;
    lodash.indexBy = indexBy;
    lodash.initial = initial;
    lodash.intersection = intersection;
    lodash.invert = invert;
    lodash.invoke = invoke;
    lodash.keys = keys;
    lodash.map = map;
    lodash.max = max;
    lodash.memoize = memoize;
    lodash.merge = merge;
    lodash.min = min;
    lodash.omit = omit;
    lodash.once = once;
    lodash.pairs = pairs;
    lodash.partial = partial;
    lodash.partialRight = partialRight;
    lodash.pick = pick;
    lodash.pluck = pluck;
    lodash.pull = pull;
    lodash.range = range;
    lodash.reject = reject;
    lodash.remove = remove;
    lodash.rest = rest;
    lodash.shuffle = shuffle;
    lodash.sortBy = sortBy;
    lodash.tap = tap;
    lodash.throttle = throttle;
    lodash.times = times;
    lodash.toArray = toArray;
    lodash.transform = transform;
    lodash.union = union;
    lodash.uniq = uniq;
    lodash.values = values;
    lodash.where = where;
    lodash.without = without;
    lodash.wrap = wrap;
    lodash.zip = zip;
    lodash.zipObject = zipObject;

    // add aliases
    lodash.collect = map;
    lodash.drop = rest;
    lodash.each = forEach;
    lodash.eachRight = forEachRight;
    lodash.extend = assign;
    lodash.methods = functions;
    lodash.object = zipObject;
    lodash.select = filter;
    lodash.tail = rest;
    lodash.unique = uniq;
    lodash.unzip = zip;

    // add functions to `lodash.prototype`
    mixin(lodash);

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    // add functions that return unwrapped values when chaining
    lodash.clone = clone;
    lodash.cloneDeep = cloneDeep;
    lodash.contains = contains;
    lodash.escape = escape;
    lodash.every = every;
    lodash.find = find;
    lodash.findIndex = findIndex;
    lodash.findKey = findKey;
    lodash.findLast = findLast;
    lodash.findLastIndex = findLastIndex;
    lodash.findLastKey = findLastKey;
    lodash.has = has;
    lodash.identity = identity;
    lodash.indexOf = indexOf;
    lodash.isArguments = isArguments;
    lodash.isArray = isArray;
    lodash.isBoolean = isBoolean;
    lodash.isDate = isDate;
    lodash.isElement = isElement;
    lodash.isEmpty = isEmpty;
    lodash.isEqual = isEqual;
    lodash.isFinite = isFinite;
    lodash.isFunction = isFunction;
    lodash.isNaN = isNaN;
    lodash.isNull = isNull;
    lodash.isNumber = isNumber;
    lodash.isObject = isObject;
    lodash.isPlainObject = isPlainObject;
    lodash.isRegExp = isRegExp;
    lodash.isString = isString;
    lodash.isUndefined = isUndefined;
    lodash.lastIndexOf = lastIndexOf;
    lodash.mixin = mixin;
    lodash.noConflict = noConflict;
    lodash.parseInt = parseInt;
    lodash.random = random;
    lodash.reduce = reduce;
    lodash.reduceRight = reduceRight;
    lodash.result = result;
    lodash.runInContext = runInContext;
    lodash.size = size;
    lodash.some = some;
    lodash.sortedIndex = sortedIndex;
    lodash.template = template;
    lodash.unescape = unescape;
    lodash.uniqueId = uniqueId;

    // add aliases
    lodash.all = every;
    lodash.any = some;
    lodash.detect = find;
    lodash.findWhere = find;
    lodash.foldl = reduce;
    lodash.foldr = reduceRight;
    lodash.include = contains;
    lodash.inject = reduce;

    forOwn(lodash, function(func, methodName) {
      if (!lodash.prototype[methodName]) {
        lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
          var args = [this.__wrapped__],
              chainAll = this.__chain__;

          push.apply(args, arguments);
          var result = func.apply(lodash, args);
          return chainAll
            ? new lodashWrapper(result, chainAll)
            : result;
        };
      }
    });

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    // add functions capable of returning wrapped and unwrapped values when chaining
    lodash.first = first;
    lodash.last = last;
    lodash.sample = sample;

    // add aliases
    lodash.take = first;
    lodash.head = first;

    forOwn(lodash, function(func, methodName) {
      var callbackable = methodName !== 'sample';
      if (!lodash.prototype[methodName]) {
        lodash.prototype[methodName]= function(n, guard) {
          var chainAll = this.__chain__,
              result = func(this.__wrapped__, n, guard);

          return !chainAll && (n == null || (guard && !(callbackable && typeof n == 'function')))
            ? result
            : new lodashWrapper(result, chainAll);
        };
      }
    });

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * The semantic version number.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type string
     */
    lodash.VERSION = '2.2.1';

    // add "Chaining" functions to the wrapper
    lodash.prototype.chain = wrapperChain;
    lodash.prototype.toString = wrapperToString;
    lodash.prototype.value = wrapperValueOf;
    lodash.prototype.valueOf = wrapperValueOf;

    // add `Array` functions that return unwrapped values
    forEach(['join', 'pop', 'shift'], function(methodName) {
      var func = arrayRef[methodName];
      lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
        var chainAll = this.__chain__,
            result = func.apply(this.__wrapped__, arguments);

        return chainAll
          ? new lodashWrapper(result, chainAll)
          : result;
      };
    });

    // add `Array` functions that return the wrapped value
    forEach(['push', 'reverse', 'sort', 'unshift'], function(methodName) {
      var func = arrayRef[methodName];
      lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
        func.apply(this.__wrapped__, arguments);
        return this;
      };
    });

    // add `Array` functions that return new wrapped values
    forEach(['concat', 'slice', 'splice'], function(methodName) {
      var func = arrayRef[methodName];
      lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
        return new lodashWrapper(func.apply(this.__wrapped__, arguments), this.__chain__);
      };
    });

    return lodash;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  // expose Lo-Dash
  var _ = runInContext();

  // some AMD build optimizers, like r.js, check for condition patterns like the following:
  if (typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd) {
    // Expose Lo-Dash to the global object even when an AMD loader is present in
    // case Lo-Dash was injected by a third-party script and not intended to be
    // loaded as a module. The global assignment can be reverted in the Lo-Dash
    // module by its `noConflict()` method.
    root._ = _;

    // define as an anonymous module so, through path mapping, it can be
    // referenced as the "underscore" module
    define(function() {
      return _;
    });
  }
  // check for `exports` after `define` in case a build optimizer adds an `exports` object
  else if (freeExports && freeModule) {
    // in Node.js or RingoJS
    if (moduleExports) {
      (freeModule.exports = _)._ = _;
    }
    // in Narwhal or Rhino -require
    else {
      freeExports._ = _;
    }
  }
  else {
    // in a browser or Rhino
    root._ = _;
  }
}.call(this));

},{}],33:[function(require,module,exports){
// # simple-statistics
//
// A simple, literate statistics system. The code below uses the
// [Javascript module pattern](http://www.adequatelygood.com/2010/3/JavaScript-Module-Pattern-In-Depth),
// eventually assigning `simple-statistics` to `ss` in browsers or the
// `exports object for node.js
(function() {
    var ss = {};

    if (typeof module !== 'undefined') {
        // Assign the `ss` object to exports, so that you can require
        // it in [node.js](http://nodejs.org/)
        exports = module.exports = ss;
    } else {
        // Otherwise, in a browser, we assign `ss` to the window object,
        // so you can simply refer to it as `ss`.
        this.ss = ss;
    }

    // # [Linear Regression](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_regression)
    //
    // [Simple linear regression](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_linear_regression)
    // is a simple way to find a fitted line
    // between a set of coordinates.
    function linear_regression() {
        var linreg = {},
            data = [];

        // Assign data to the model. Data is assumed to be an array.
        linreg.data = function(x) {
            if (!arguments.length) return data;
            data = x.slice();
            return linreg;
        };

        // Calculate the slope and y-intercept of the regression line
        // by calculating the least sum of squares
        linreg.mb = function() {
            var m, b;

            //if there's only one point, arbitrarily choose a slope of 0
            //and a y-intercept of whatever the y of the initial point is
            if (data.length == 1) {
                m = 0;
                b = data[0][1];
            } else {
                // Initialize our sums and scope the `m` and `b`
                // variables that define the line.
                var sum_x = 0, sum_y = 0,
                    sum_xx = 0, sum_xy = 0;

                // Gather the sum of all x values, the sum of all
                // y values, and the sum of x^2 and (x*y) for each
                // value.
                //
                // In math notation, these would be SS_x, SS_y, SS_xx, and SS_xy
                for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
                    sum_x += data[i][0];
                    sum_y += data[i][1];

                    sum_xx += data[i][0] * data[i][0];
                    sum_xy += data[i][0] * data[i][1];
                }

                // `m` is the slope of the regression line
                m = ((data.length * sum_xy) - (sum_x * sum_y)) /
                    ((data.length * sum_xx) - (sum_x * sum_x));

                // `b` is the y-intercept of the line.
                b = (sum_y / data.length) - ((m * sum_x) / data.length);
            }

            // Return both values as an object.
            return { m: m, b: b };
        };

        // a shortcut for simply getting the slope of the regression line
        linreg.m = function() {
            return linreg.mb().m;
        };

        // a shortcut for simply getting the y-intercept of the regression
        // line.
        linreg.b = function() {
            return linreg.mb().b;
        };

        // ## Fitting The Regression Line
        //
        // This is called after `.data()` and returns the
        // equation `y = f(x)` which gives the position
        // of the regression line at each point in `x`.
        linreg.line = function() {

            // Get the slope, `m`, and y-intercept, `b`, of the line.
            var mb = linreg.mb(),
                m = mb.m,
                b = mb.b;

            // Return a function that computes a `y` value for each
            // x value it is given, based on the values of `b` and `a`
            // that we just computed.
            return function(x) {
                return b + (m * x);
            };
        };

        return linreg;
    }

    // # [R Squared](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_determination)
    //
    // The r-squared value of data compared with a function `f`
    // is the sum of the squared differences between the prediction
    // and the actual value.
    function r_squared(data, f) {
        if (data.length < 2) return 1;

        // Compute the average y value for the actual
        // data set in order to compute the
        // _total sum of squares_
        var sum = 0, average;
        for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
            sum += data[i][1];
        }
        average = sum / data.length;

        // Compute the total sum of squares - the
        // squared difference between each point
        // and the average of all points.
        var sum_of_squares = 0;
        for (var j = 0; j < data.length; j++) {
            sum_of_squares += Math.pow(average - data[j][1], 2);
        }

        // Finally estimate the error: the squared
        // difference between the estimate and the actual data
        // value at each point.
        var err = 0;
        for (var k = 0; k < data.length; k++) {
            err += Math.pow(data[k][1] - f(data[k][0]), 2);
        }

        // As the error grows larger, it's ratio to the
        // sum of squares increases and the r squared
        // value grows lower.
        return 1 - (err / sum_of_squares);
    }

    // # [Bayesian Classifier](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naive_Bayes_classifier)
    //
    // This is a naïve bayesian classifier that takes
    // singly-nested objects.
    function bayesian() {
        // The `bayes_model` object is what will be exposed
        // by this closure, with all of its extended methods, and will
        // have access to all scope variables, like `total_count`.
        var bayes_model = {},
            // The number of items that are currently
            // classified in the model
            total_count = 0,
            // Every item classified in the model
            data = {};

        // ## Train
        // Train the classifier with a new item, which has a single
        // dimension of Javascript literal keys and values.
        bayes_model.train = function(item, category) {
            // If the data object doesn't have any values
            // for this category, create a new object for it.
            if (!data[category]) data[category] = {};

            // Iterate through each key in the item.
            for (var k in item) {
                var v = item[k];
                // Initialize the nested object `data[category][k][item[k]]`
                // with an object of keys that equal 0.
                if (data[category][k] === undefined) data[category][k] = {};
                if (data[category][k][v] === undefined) data[category][k][v] = 0;

                // And increment the key for this key/value combination.
                data[category][k][item[k]]++;
            }
            // Increment the number of items classified
            total_count++;
        };

        // ## Score
        // Generate a score of how well this item matches all
        // possible categories based on its attributes
        bayes_model.score = function(item) {
            // Initialize an empty array of odds per category.
            var odds = {}, category;
            // Iterate through each key in the item,
            // then iterate through each category that has been used
            // in previous calls to `.train()`
            for (var k in item) {
                var v = item[k];
                for (category in data) {
                    // Create an empty object for storing key - value combinations
                    // for this category.
                    if (odds[category] === undefined) odds[category] = {};

                    // If this item doesn't even have a property, it counts for nothing,
                    // but if it does have the property that we're looking for from
                    // the item to categorize, it counts based on how popular it is
                    // versus the whole population.
                    if (data[category][k]) {
                        odds[category][k + '_' + v] = (data[category][k][v] || 0) / total_count;
                    } else {
                        odds[category][k + '_' + v] = 0;
                    }
                }
            }

            // Set up a new object that will contain sums of these odds by category
            var odds_sums = {};

            for (category in odds) {
                // Tally all of the odds for each category-combination pair -
                // the non-existence of a category does not add anything to the
                // score.
                for (var combination in odds[category]) {
                    if (odds_sums[category] === undefined) odds_sums[category] = 0;
                    odds_sums[category] += odds[category][combination];
                }
            }

            return odds_sums;
        };

        // Return the completed model.
        return bayes_model;
    }

    // # sum
    //
    // is simply the result of adding all numbers
    // together, starting from zero.
    //
    // This runs on `O(n)`, linear time in respect to the array
    function sum(x) {
        var value = 0;
        for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
            value += x[i];
        }
        return value;
    }

    // # mean
    //
    // is the sum over the number of values
    //
    // This runs on `O(n)`, linear time in respect to the array
    function mean(x) {
        // The mean of no numbers is null
        if (x.length === 0) return null;

        return sum(x) / x.length;
    }

    // # geometric mean
    //
    // a mean function that is more useful for numbers in different
    // ranges.
    //
    // this is the nth root of the input numbers multipled by each other
    //
    // This runs on `O(n)`, linear time in respect to the array
    function geometric_mean(x) {
        // The mean of no numbers is null
        if (x.length === 0) return null;

        // the starting value.
        var value = 1;

        for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
            // the geometric mean is only valid for positive numbers
            if (x[i] <= 0) return null;

            // repeatedly multiply the value by each number
            value *= x[i];
        }

        return Math.pow(value, 1 / x.length);
    }

    // # min
    //
    // This is simply the minimum number in the set.
    //
    // This runs on `O(n)`, linear time in respect to the array
    function min(x) {
        var value;
        for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
            // On the first iteration of this loop, min is
            // undefined and is thus made the minimum element in the array
            if (x[i] < value || value === undefined) value = x[i];
        }
        return value;
    }

    // # max
    //
    // This is simply the maximum number in the set.
    //
    // This runs on `O(n)`, linear time in respect to the array
    function max(x) {
        var value;
        for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
            // On the first iteration of this loop, max is
            // undefined and is thus made the maximum element in the array
            if (x[i] > value || value === undefined) value = x[i];
        }
        return value;
    }

    // # [variance](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance)
    //
    // is the sum of squared deviations from the mean
    //
    // depends on `mean()`
    function variance(x) {
        // The variance of no numbers is null
        if (x.length === 0) return null;

        var mean_value = mean(x),
            deviations = [];

        // Make a list of squared deviations from the mean.
        for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
            deviations.push(Math.pow(x[i] - mean_value, 2));
        }

        // Find the mean value of that list
        return mean(deviations);
    }

    // # [standard deviation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation)
    //
    // is just the square root of the variance.
    //
    // depends on `variance()`
    function standard_deviation(x) {
        // The standard deviation of no numbers is null
        if (x.length === 0) return null;

        return Math.sqrt(variance(x));
    }

    // The sum of deviations to the Nth power.
    // When n=2 it's the sum of squared deviations.
    // When n=3 it's the sum of cubed deviations.
    //
    // depends on `mean()`
    function sum_nth_power_deviations(x, n) {
        var mean_value = mean(x),
            sum = 0;

        for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
            sum += Math.pow(x[i] - mean_value, n);
        }

        return sum;
    }

    // # [variance](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance)
    //
    // is the sum of squared deviations from the mean
    //
    // depends on `sum_nth_power_deviations`
    function sample_variance(x) {
        // The variance of no numbers is null
        if (x.length <= 1) return null;

        var sum_squared_deviations_value = sum_nth_power_deviations(x, 2);

        // Find the mean value of that list
        return sum_squared_deviations_value / (x.length - 1);
    }

    // # [standard deviation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation)
    //
    // is just the square root of the variance.
    //
    // depends on `sample_variance()`
    function sample_standard_deviation(x) {
        // The standard deviation of no numbers is null
        if (x.length <= 1) return null;

        return Math.sqrt(sample_variance(x));
    }

    // # [covariance](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance)
    //
    // sample covariance of two datasets:
    // how much do the two datasets move together?
    // x and y are two datasets, represented as arrays of numbers.
    //
    // depends on `mean()`
    function sample_covariance(x, y) {

        // The two datasets must have the same length which must be more than 1
        if (x.length <= 1 || x.length != y.length){
          return null;
        }

        // determine the mean of each dataset so that we can judge each
        // value of the dataset fairly as the difference from the mean. this
        // way, if one dataset is [1, 2, 3] and [2, 3, 4], their covariance
        // does not suffer because of the difference in absolute values
        var xmean = mean(x),
            ymean = mean(y),
            sum = 0;

        // for each pair of values, the covariance increases when their
        // difference from the mean is associated - if both are well above
        // or if both are well below
        // the mean, the covariance increases significantly.
        for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++){
            sum += (x[i] - xmean) * (y[i] - ymean);
        }

        // the covariance is weighted by the length of the datasets.
        return sum / (x.length - 1);
    }

    // # [correlation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_and_dependence)
    //
    // Gets a measure of how correlated two datasets are, between -1 and 1
    //
    // depends on `sample_standard_deviation()` and `sample_covariance()`
    function sample_correlation(x, y) {
        var cov = sample_covariance(x, y),
            xstd = sample_standard_deviation(x),
            ystd = sample_standard_deviation(y);

        if (cov === null || xstd === null || ystd === null) {
            return null;
        }

        return cov / xstd / ystd;
    }

    // # [median](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median)
    //
    // The middle number of a list. This is often a good indicator of 'the middle'
    // when there are outliers that skew the `mean()` value.
    function median(x) {
        // The median of an empty list is null
        if (x.length === 0) return null;

        // Sorting the array makes it easy to find the center, but
        // use `.slice()` to ensure the original array `x` is not modified
        var sorted = x.slice().sort(function (a, b) { return a - b; });

        // If the length of the list is odd, it's the central number
        if (sorted.length % 2 === 1) {
            return sorted[(sorted.length - 1) / 2];
        // Otherwise, the median is the average of the two numbers
        // at the center of the list
        } else {
            var a = sorted[(sorted.length / 2) - 1];
            var b = sorted[(sorted.length / 2)];
            return (a + b) / 2;
        }
    }

    // # [mode](http://bit.ly/W5K4Yt)
    // This implementation is inspired by [science.js](https://github.com/jasondavies/science.js/blob/master/src/stats/mode.js)
    function mode(x) {

        // Handle edge cases:
        // The median of an empty list is null
        if (x.length === 0) return null;
        else if (x.length === 1) return x[0];

        // Sorting the array lets us iterate through it below and be sure
        // that every time we see a new number it's new and we'll never
        // see the same number twice
        var sorted = x.slice().sort(function (a, b) { return a - b; });

        // This assumes it is dealing with an array of size > 1, since size
        // 0 and 1 are handled immediately. Hence it starts at index 1 in the
        // array.
        var last = sorted[0],
            // store the mode as we find new modes
            value,
            // store how many times we've seen the mode
            max_seen = 0,
            // how many times the current candidate for the mode
            // has been seen
            seen_this = 1;

        // end at sorted.length + 1 to fix the case in which the mode is
        // the highest number that occurs in the sequence. the last iteration
        // compares sorted[i], which is undefined, to the highest number
        // in the series
        for (var i = 1; i < sorted.length + 1; i++) {
            // we're seeing a new number pass by
            if (sorted[i] !== last) {
                // the last number is the new mode since we saw it more
                // often than the old one
                if (seen_this > max_seen) {
                    max_seen = seen_this;
                    seen_this = 1;
                    value = last;
                }
                last = sorted[i];
            // if this isn't a new number, it's one more occurrence of
            // the potential mode
            } else { seen_this++; }
        }
        return value;
    }

    // # [t-test](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student's_t-test)
    //
    // This is to compute a one-sample t-test, comparing the mean
    // of a sample to a known value, x.
    //
    // in this case, we're trying to determine whether the
    // population mean is equal to the value that we know, which is `x`
    // here. usually the results here are used to look up a
    // [p-value](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-value), which, for
    // a certain level of significance, will let you determine that the
    // null hypothesis can or cannot be rejected.
    //
    // Depends on `standard_deviation()` and `mean()`
    function t_test(sample, x) {
      // The mean of the sample
      var sample_mean = mean(sample);

      // The standard deviation of the sample
      var sd = standard_deviation(sample);

      // Square root the length of the sample
      var rootN = Math.sqrt(sample.length);

      // Compute the known value against the sample,
      // returning the t value
      return (sample_mean - x) / (sd / rootN);
    }

    // # quantile
    // This is a population quantile, since we assume to know the entire
    // dataset in this library. Thus I'm trying to follow the
    // [Quantiles of a Population](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantile#Quantiles_of_a_population)
    // algorithm from wikipedia.
    //
    // Sample is a one-dimensional array of numbers,
    // and p is a decimal number from 0 to 1. In terms of a k/q
    // quantile, p = k/q - it's just dealing with fractions or dealing
    // with decimal values.
    function quantile(sample, p) {

        // We can't derive quantiles from an empty list
        if (sample.length === 0) return null;

        // invalid bounds. Microsoft Excel accepts 0 and 1, but
        // we won't.
        if (p >= 1 || p <= 0) return null;

        // Sort a copy of the array. We'll need a sorted array to index
        // the values in sorted order.
        var sorted = sample.slice().sort(function (a, b) { return a - b; });

        // Find a potential index in the list. In Wikipedia's terms, this
        // is I<sub>p</sub>.
        var idx = (sorted.length) * p;

        // If this isn't an integer, we'll round up to the next value in
        // the list.
        if (idx % 1 !== 0) {
            return sorted[Math.ceil(idx) - 1];
        } else if (sample.length % 2 === 0) {
            // If the list has even-length and we had an integer in the
            // first place, we'll take the average of this number
            // and the next value, if there is one
            return (sorted[idx - 1] + sorted[idx]) / 2;
        } else {
            // Finally, in the simple case of an integer value
            // with an odd-length list, return the sample value at the index.
            return sorted[idx];
        }
    }

    // # [Interquartile range](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interquartile_range)
    //
    // A measure of statistical dispersion, or how scattered, spread, or
    // concentrated a distribution is. It's computed as the difference betwen
    // the third quartile and first quartile.
    function iqr(sample){
	    // We can't derive quantiles from an empty list
        if (sample.length === 0) return null;

        // Interquartile range is the span between the upper quartile,
        // at `0.75`, and lower quartile, `0.25`
        return quantile(sample, 0.75) - quantile(sample, 0.25);
    }

    // # [Median Absolute Deviation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_absolute_deviation)
    //
    // The Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) is a robust measure of statistical
    // dispersion. It is more resilient to outliers than the standard deviation.
    function mad(x) {
        // The mad of nothing is null
        if (!x || x.length === 0) return null;

        var median_value = median(x),
            median_absolute_deviations = [];

        // Make a list of absolute deviations from the median
        for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
            median_absolute_deviations.push(Math.abs(x[i] - median_value));
        }

        // Find the median value of that list
        return median(median_absolute_deviations);
    }

    // ## Compute Matrices for Jenks
    //
    // Compute the matrices required for Jenks breaks. These matrices
    // can be used for any classing of data with `classes <= n_classes`
    function jenksMatrices(data, n_classes) {

        // in the original implementation, these matrices are referred to
        // as `LC` and `OP`
        //
        // * lower_class_limits (LC): optimal lower class limits
        // * variance_combinations (OP): optimal variance combinations for all classes
        var lower_class_limits = [],
            variance_combinations = [],
            // loop counters
            i, j,
            // the variance, as computed at each step in the calculation
            variance = 0;

        // Initialize and fill each matrix with zeroes
        for (i = 0; i < data.length + 1; i++) {
            var tmp1 = [], tmp2 = [];
            // despite these arrays having the same values, we need
            // to keep them separate so that changing one does not change
            // the other
            for (j = 0; j < n_classes + 1; j++) {
                tmp1.push(0);
                tmp2.push(0);
            }
            lower_class_limits.push(tmp1);
            variance_combinations.push(tmp2);
        }

        for (i = 1; i < n_classes + 1; i++) {
            lower_class_limits[1][i] = 1;
            variance_combinations[1][i] = 0;
            // in the original implementation, 9999999 is used but
            // since Javascript has `Infinity`, we use that.
            for (j = 2; j < data.length + 1; j++) {
                variance_combinations[j][i] = Infinity;
            }
        }

        for (var l = 2; l < data.length + 1; l++) {

            // `SZ` originally. this is the sum of the values seen thus
            // far when calculating variance.
            var sum = 0,
                // `ZSQ` originally. the sum of squares of values seen
                // thus far
                sum_squares = 0,
                // `WT` originally. This is the number of
                w = 0,
                // `IV` originally
                i4 = 0;

            // in several instances, you could say `Math.pow(x, 2)`
            // instead of `x * x`, but this is slower in some browsers
            // introduces an unnecessary concept.
            for (var m = 1; m < l + 1; m++) {

                // `III` originally
                var lower_class_limit = l - m + 1,
                    val = data[lower_class_limit - 1];

                // here we're estimating variance for each potential classing
                // of the data, for each potential number of classes. `w`
                // is the number of data points considered so far.
                w++;

                // increase the current sum and sum-of-squares
                sum += val;
                sum_squares += val * val;

                // the variance at this point in the sequence is the difference
                // between the sum of squares and the total x 2, over the number
                // of samples.
                variance = sum_squares - (sum * sum) / w;

                i4 = lower_class_limit - 1;

                if (i4 !== 0) {
                    for (j = 2; j < n_classes + 1; j++) {
                        // if adding this element to an existing class
                        // will increase its variance beyond the limit, break
                        // the class at this point, setting the `lower_class_limit`
                        // at this point.
                        if (variance_combinations[l][j] >=
                            (variance + variance_combinations[i4][j - 1])) {
                            lower_class_limits[l][j] = lower_class_limit;
                            variance_combinations[l][j] = variance +
                                variance_combinations[i4][j - 1];
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            lower_class_limits[l][1] = 1;
            variance_combinations[l][1] = variance;
        }

        // return the two matrices. for just providing breaks, only
        // `lower_class_limits` is needed, but variances can be useful to
        // evaluage goodness of fit.
        return {
            lower_class_limits: lower_class_limits,
            variance_combinations: variance_combinations
        };
    }

    // ## Pull Breaks Values for Jenks
    //
    // the second part of the jenks recipe: take the calculated matrices
    // and derive an array of n breaks.
    function jenksBreaks(data, lower_class_limits, n_classes) {

        var k = data.length - 1,
            kclass = [],
            countNum = n_classes;

        // the calculation of classes will never include the upper and
        // lower bounds, so we need to explicitly set them
        kclass[n_classes] = data[data.length - 1];
        kclass[0] = data[0];

        // the lower_class_limits matrix is used as indexes into itself
        // here: the `k` variable is reused in each iteration.
        while (countNum > 1) {
            kclass[countNum - 1] = data[lower_class_limits[k][countNum] - 2];
            k = lower_class_limits[k][countNum] - 1;
            countNum--;
        }

        return kclass;
    }

    // # [Jenks natural breaks optimization](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenks_natural_breaks_optimization)
    //
    // Implementations: [1](http://danieljlewis.org/files/2010/06/Jenks.pdf) (python),
    // [2](https://github.com/vvoovv/djeo-jenks/blob/master/main.js) (buggy),
    // [3](https://github.com/simogeo/geostats/blob/master/lib/geostats.js#L407) (works)
    //
    // Depends on `jenksBreaks()` and `jenksMatrices()`
    function jenks(data, n_classes) {

        if (n_classes > data.length) return null;

        // sort data in numerical order, since this is expected
        // by the matrices function
        data = data.slice().sort(function (a, b) { return a - b; });

        // get our basic matrices
        var matrices = jenksMatrices(data, n_classes),
            // we only need lower class limits here
            lower_class_limits = matrices.lower_class_limits;

        // extract n_classes out of the computed matrices
        return jenksBreaks(data, lower_class_limits, n_classes);

    }

    // # [Skewness](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skewness)
    //
    // A measure of the extent to which a probability distribution of a
    // real-valued random variable "leans" to one side of the mean.
    // The skewness value can be positive or negative, or even undefined.
    //
    // Implementation is based on the adjusted Fisher-Pearson standardized
    // moment coefficient, which is the version found in Excel and several
    // statistical packages including Minitab, SAS and SPSS.
    //
    // Depends on `sum_nth_power_deviations()` and `sample_standard_deviation`
    function sample_skewness(x) {
        // The skewness of less than three arguments is null
        if (x.length < 3) return null;

        var n = x.length,
            cubed_s = Math.pow(sample_standard_deviation(x), 3),
            sum_cubed_deviations = sum_nth_power_deviations(x, 3);

        return n * sum_cubed_deviations / ((n - 1) * (n - 2) * cubed_s);
    }

    // # Standard Normal Table
    // A standard normal table, also called the unit normal table or Z table,
    // is a mathematical table for the values of Φ (phi), which are the values of
    // the cumulative distribution function of the normal distribution.
    // It is used to find the probability that a statistic is observed below,
    // above, or between values on the standard normal distribution, and by
    // extension, any normal distribution.
    //
    // The probabilities are taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_normal_table
    // The table used is the cumulative, and not cumulative from 0 to mean
    // (even though the latter has 5 digits precision, instead of 4).
    var standard_normal_table = [
        /*  z      0.00    0.01    0.02    0.03    0.04    0.05    0.06    0.07    0.08    0.09 */
        /* 0.0 */ 0.5000, 0.5040, 0.5080, 0.5120, 0.5160, 0.5199, 0.5239, 0.5279, 0.5319, 0.5359,
        /* 0.1 */ 0.5398, 0.5438, 0.5478, 0.5517, 0.5557, 0.5596, 0.5636, 0.5675, 0.5714, 0.5753,
        /* 0.2 */ 0.5793, 0.5832, 0.5871, 0.5910, 0.5948, 0.5987, 0.6026, 0.6064, 0.6103, 0.6141,
        /* 0.3 */ 0.6179, 0.6217, 0.6255, 0.6293, 0.6331, 0.6368, 0.6406, 0.6443, 0.6480, 0.6517,
        /* 0.4 */ 0.6554, 0.6591, 0.6628, 0.6664, 0.6700, 0.6736, 0.6772, 0.6808, 0.6844, 0.6879,
        /* 0.5 */ 0.6915, 0.6950, 0.6985, 0.7019, 0.7054, 0.7088, 0.7123, 0.7157, 0.7190, 0.7224,
        /* 0.6 */ 0.7257, 0.7291, 0.7324, 0.7357, 0.7389, 0.7422, 0.7454, 0.7486, 0.7517, 0.7549,
        /* 0.7 */ 0.7580, 0.7611, 0.7642, 0.7673, 0.7704, 0.7734, 0.7764, 0.7794, 0.7823, 0.7852,
        /* 0.8 */ 0.7881, 0.7910, 0.7939, 0.7967, 0.7995, 0.8023, 0.8051, 0.8078, 0.8106, 0.8133,
        /* 0.9 */ 0.8159, 0.8186, 0.8212, 0.8238, 0.8264, 0.8289, 0.8315, 0.8340, 0.8365, 0.8389,
        /* 1.0 */ 0.8413, 0.8438, 0.8461, 0.8485, 0.8508, 0.8531, 0.8554, 0.8577, 0.8599, 0.8621,
        /* 1.1 */ 0.8643, 0.8665, 0.8686, 0.8708, 0.8729, 0.8749, 0.8770, 0.8790, 0.8810, 0.8830,
        /* 1.2 */ 0.8849, 0.8869, 0.8888, 0.8907, 0.8925, 0.8944, 0.8962, 0.8980, 0.8997, 0.9015,
        /* 1.3 */ 0.9032, 0.9049, 0.9066, 0.9082, 0.9099, 0.9115, 0.9131, 0.9147, 0.9162, 0.9177,
        /* 1.4 */ 0.9192, 0.9207, 0.9222, 0.9236, 0.9251, 0.9265, 0.9279, 0.9292, 0.9306, 0.9319,
        /* 1.5 */ 0.9332, 0.9345, 0.9357, 0.9370, 0.9382, 0.9394, 0.9406, 0.9418, 0.9429, 0.9441,
        /* 1.6 */ 0.9452, 0.9463, 0.9474, 0.9484, 0.9495, 0.9505, 0.9515, 0.9525, 0.9535, 0.9545,
        /* 1.7 */ 0.9554, 0.9564, 0.9573, 0.9582, 0.9591, 0.9599, 0.9608, 0.9616, 0.9625, 0.9633,
        /* 1.8 */ 0.9641, 0.9649, 0.9656, 0.9664, 0.9671, 0.9678, 0.9686, 0.9693, 0.9699, 0.9706,
        /* 1.9 */ 0.9713, 0.9719, 0.9726, 0.9732, 0.9738, 0.9744, 0.9750, 0.9756, 0.9761, 0.9767,
        /* 2.0 */ 0.9772, 0.9778, 0.9783, 0.9788, 0.9793, 0.9798, 0.9803, 0.9808, 0.9812, 0.9817,
        /* 2.1 */ 0.9821, 0.9826, 0.9830, 0.9834, 0.9838, 0.9842, 0.9846, 0.9850, 0.9854, 0.9857,
        /* 2.2 */ 0.9861, 0.9864, 0.9868, 0.9871, 0.9875, 0.9878, 0.9881, 0.9884, 0.9887, 0.9890,
        /* 2.3 */ 0.9893, 0.9896, 0.9898, 0.9901, 0.9904, 0.9906, 0.9909, 0.9911, 0.9913, 0.9916,
        /* 2.4 */ 0.9918, 0.9920, 0.9922, 0.9925, 0.9927, 0.9929, 0.9931, 0.9932, 0.9934, 0.9936,
        /* 2.5 */ 0.9938, 0.9940, 0.9941, 0.9943, 0.9945, 0.9946, 0.9948, 0.9949, 0.9951, 0.9952,
        /* 2.6 */ 0.9953, 0.9955, 0.9956, 0.9957, 0.9959, 0.9960, 0.9961, 0.9962, 0.9963, 0.9964,
        /* 2.7 */ 0.9965, 0.9966, 0.9967, 0.9968, 0.9969, 0.9970, 0.9971, 0.9972, 0.9973, 0.9974,
        /* 2.8 */ 0.9974, 0.9975, 0.9976, 0.9977, 0.9977, 0.9978, 0.9979, 0.9979, 0.9980, 0.9981,
        /* 2.9 */ 0.9981, 0.9982, 0.9982, 0.9983, 0.9984, 0.9984, 0.9985, 0.9985, 0.9986, 0.9986,
        /* 3.0 */ 0.9987, 0.9987, 0.9987, 0.9988, 0.9988, 0.9989, 0.9989, 0.9989, 0.9990, 0.9990
    ];

    // # [Cumulative Standard Normal Probability](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_normal_table)
    //
    // Since probability tables cannot be
    // printed for every normal distribution, as there are an infinite variety
    // of normal distributions, it is common practice to convert a normal to a
    // standard normal and then use the standard normal table to find probabilities
    function cumulative_std_normal_probability(z) {

        // Calculate the position of this value.
        var absZ = Math.abs(z),
            // Each row begins with a different
            // significant digit: 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and so on. So the row is simply
            // this value's significant digit: 0.567 will be in row 0, so row=0,
            // 0.643 will be in row 1, so row=10.
            row = Math.floor(absZ * 10),
            column = 10 * (Math.floor(absZ * 100) / 10 - Math.floor(absZ * 100 / 10)),
            index = Math.min((row * 10) + column, standard_normal_table.length - 1);

        // The index we calculate must be in the table as a positive value,
        // but we still pay attention to whether the input is postive
        // or negative, and flip the output value as a last step.
        if (z >= 0) {
            return standard_normal_table[index];
        } else {
            // due to floating-point arithmetic, values in the table with
            // 4 significant figures can nevertheless end up as repeating
            // fractions when they're computed here.
            return (1 - standard_normal_table[index]).toFixed(4);
        }
    }

    // # [Z-Score, or Standard Score](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_score)
    //
    // The standard score is the number of standard deviations an observation
    // or datum is above or below the mean. Thus, a positive standard score
    // represents a datum above the mean, while a negative standard score
    // represents a datum below the mean. It is a dimensionless quantity
    // obtained by subtracting the population mean from an individual raw
    // score and then dividing the difference by the population standard
    // deviation.
    //
    // The z-score is only defined if one knows the population parameters;
    // if one only has a sample set, then the analogous computation with
    // sample mean and sample standard deviation yields the
    // Student's t-statistic.
    function z_score(x, mean, standard_deviation) {
        return (x - mean) / standard_deviation;
    }

    // # Mixin
    //
    // Mixin simple_statistics to the Array native object. This is an optional
    // feature that lets you treat simple_statistics as a native feature
    // of Javascript.
    function mixin() {
        var support = !!(Object.defineProperty && Object.defineProperties);
        if (!support) throw new Error('without defineProperty, simple-statistics cannot be mixed in');

        // only methods which work on basic arrays in a single step
        // are supported
        var arrayMethods = ['median', 'standard_deviation', 'sum',
            'mean', 'min', 'max', 'quantile', 'geometric_mean'];

        // create a closure with a method name so that a reference
        // like `arrayMethods[i]` doesn't follow the loop increment
        function wrap(method) {
            return function() {
                // cast any arguments into an array, since they're
                // natively objects
                var args = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments);
                // make the first argument the array itself
                args.unshift(this);
                // return the result of the ss method
                return ss[method].apply(ss, args);
            };
        }

        // for each array function, define a function off of the Array
        // prototype which automatically gets the array as the first
        // argument. We use [defineProperty](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperty)
        // because it allows these properties to be non-enumerable:
        // `for (var in x)` loops will not run into problems with this
        // implementation.
        for (var i = 0; i < arrayMethods.length; i++) {
            Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, arrayMethods[i], {
                value: wrap(arrayMethods[i]),
                configurable: true,
                enumerable: false,
                writable: true
            });
        }
    }

    ss.linear_regression = linear_regression;
    ss.standard_deviation = standard_deviation;
    ss.r_squared = r_squared;
    ss.median = median;
    ss.mean = mean;
    ss.mode = mode;
    ss.min = min;
    ss.max = max;
    ss.sum = sum;
    ss.quantile = quantile;
    ss.iqr = iqr;
    ss.mad = mad;

    ss.sample_covariance = sample_covariance;
    ss.sample_correlation = sample_correlation;
    ss.sample_variance = sample_variance;
    ss.sample_standard_deviation = sample_standard_deviation;
    ss.sample_skewness = sample_skewness;

    ss.geometric_mean = geometric_mean;
    ss.variance = variance;
    ss.t_test = t_test;

    // jenks
    ss.jenksMatrices = jenksMatrices;
    ss.jenksBreaks = jenksBreaks;
    ss.jenks = jenks;

    ss.bayesian = bayesian;

    // Normal distribution
    ss.z_score = z_score;
    ss.cumulative_std_normal_probability = cumulative_std_normal_probability;
    ss.standard_normal_table = standard_normal_table;

    // Alias this into its common name
    ss.average = mean;
    ss.interquartile_range = iqr;
    ss.mixin = mixin;
    ss.median_absolute_deviation = mad;

})(this);

},{}],34:[function(require,module,exports){

//
// The shims in this file are not fully implemented shims for the ES5
// features, but do work for the particular usecases there is in
// the other modules.
//

var toString = Object.prototype.toString;
var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;

// Array.isArray is supported in IE9
function isArray(xs) {
  return toString.call(xs) === '[object Array]';
}
exports.isArray = typeof Array.isArray === 'function' ? Array.isArray : isArray;

// Array.prototype.indexOf is supported in IE9
exports.indexOf = function indexOf(xs, x) {
  if (xs.indexOf) return xs.indexOf(x);
  for (var i = 0; i < xs.length; i++) {
    if (x === xs[i]) return i;
  }
  return -1;
};

// Array.prototype.filter is supported in IE9
exports.filter = function filter(xs, fn) {
  if (xs.filter) return xs.filter(fn);
  var res = [];
  for (var i = 0; i < xs.length; i++) {
    if (fn(xs[i], i, xs)) res.push(xs[i]);
  }
  return res;
};

// Array.prototype.forEach is supported in IE9
exports.forEach = function forEach(xs, fn, self) {
  if (xs.forEach) return xs.forEach(fn, self);
  for (var i = 0; i < xs.length; i++) {
    fn.call(self, xs[i], i, xs);
  }
};

// Array.prototype.map is supported in IE9
exports.map = function map(xs, fn) {
  if (xs.map) return xs.map(fn);
  var out = new Array(xs.length);
  for (var i = 0; i < xs.length; i++) {
    out[i] = fn(xs[i], i, xs);
  }
  return out;
};

// Array.prototype.reduce is supported in IE9
exports.reduce = function reduce(array, callback, opt_initialValue) {
  if (array.reduce) return array.reduce(callback, opt_initialValue);
  var value, isValueSet = false;

  if (2 < arguments.length) {
    value = opt_initialValue;
    isValueSet = true;
  }
  for (var i = 0, l = array.length; l > i; ++i) {
    if (array.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
      if (isValueSet) {
        value = callback(value, array[i], i, array);
      }
      else {
        value = array[i];
        isValueSet = true;
      }
    }
  }

  return value;
};

// String.prototype.substr - negative index don't work in IE8
if ('ab'.substr(-1) !== 'b') {
  exports.substr = function (str, start, length) {
    // did we get a negative start, calculate how much it is from the beginning of the string
    if (start < 0) start = str.length + start;

    // call the original function
    return str.substr(start, length);
  };
} else {
  exports.substr = function (str, start, length) {
    return str.substr(start, length);
  };
}

// String.prototype.trim is supported in IE9
exports.trim = function (str) {
  if (str.trim) return str.trim();
  return str.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '');
};

// Function.prototype.bind is supported in IE9
exports.bind = function () {
  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
  var fn = args.shift();
  if (fn.bind) return fn.bind.apply(fn, args);
  var self = args.shift();
  return function () {
    fn.apply(self, args.concat([Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)]));
  };
};

// Object.create is supported in IE9
function create(prototype, properties) {
  var object;
  if (prototype === null) {
    object = { '__proto__' : null };
  }
  else {
    if (typeof prototype !== 'object') {
      throw new TypeError(
        'typeof prototype[' + (typeof prototype) + '] != \'object\''
      );
    }
    var Type = function () {};
    Type.prototype = prototype;
    object = new Type();
    object.__proto__ = prototype;
  }
  if (typeof properties !== 'undefined' && Object.defineProperties) {
    Object.defineProperties(object, properties);
  }
  return object;
}
exports.create = typeof Object.create === 'function' ? Object.create : create;

// Object.keys and Object.getOwnPropertyNames is supported in IE9 however
// they do show a description and number property on Error objects
function notObject(object) {
  return ((typeof object != "object" && typeof object != "function") || object === null);
}

function keysShim(object) {
  if (notObject(object)) {
    throw new TypeError("Object.keys called on a non-object");
  }

  var result = [];
  for (var name in object) {
    if (hasOwnProperty.call(object, name)) {
      result.push(name);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

// getOwnPropertyNames is almost the same as Object.keys one key feature
//  is that it returns hidden properties, since that can't be implemented,
//  this feature gets reduced so it just shows the length property on arrays
function propertyShim(object) {
  if (notObject(object)) {
    throw new TypeError("Object.getOwnPropertyNames called on a non-object");
  }

  var result = keysShim(object);
  if (exports.isArray(object) && exports.indexOf(object, 'length') === -1) {
    result.push('length');
  }
  return result;
}

var keys = typeof Object.keys === 'function' ? Object.keys : keysShim;
var getOwnPropertyNames = typeof Object.getOwnPropertyNames === 'function' ?
  Object.getOwnPropertyNames : propertyShim;

if (new Error().hasOwnProperty('description')) {
  var ERROR_PROPERTY_FILTER = function (obj, array) {
    if (toString.call(obj) === '[object Error]') {
      array = exports.filter(array, function (name) {
        return name !== 'description' && name !== 'number' && name !== 'message';
      });
    }
    return array;
  };

  exports.keys = function (object) {
    return ERROR_PROPERTY_FILTER(object, keys(object));
  };
  exports.getOwnPropertyNames = function (object) {
    return ERROR_PROPERTY_FILTER(object, getOwnPropertyNames(object));
  };
} else {
  exports.keys = keys;
  exports.getOwnPropertyNames = getOwnPropertyNames;
}

// Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor - supported in IE8 but only on dom elements
function valueObject(value, key) {
  return { value: value[key] };
}

if (typeof Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor === 'function') {
  try {
    Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor({'a': 1}, 'a');
    exports.getOwnPropertyDescriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;
  } catch (e) {
    // IE8 dom element issue - use a try catch and default to valueObject
    exports.getOwnPropertyDescriptor = function (value, key) {
      try {
        return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(value, key);
      } catch (e) {
        return valueObject(value, key);
      }
    };
  }
} else {
  exports.getOwnPropertyDescriptor = valueObject;
}

},{}],35:[function(require,module,exports){

// not implemented
// The reason for having an empty file and not throwing is to allow
// untraditional implementation of this module.

},{}],36:[function(require,module,exports){
var process=require("__browserify_process");// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
// following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

var util = require('util');
var shims = require('_shims');

// resolves . and .. elements in a path array with directory names there
// must be no slashes, empty elements, or device names (c:\) in the array
// (so also no leading and trailing slashes - it does not distinguish
// relative and absolute paths)
function normalizeArray(parts, allowAboveRoot) {
  // if the path tries to go above the root, `up` ends up > 0
  var up = 0;
  for (var i = parts.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    var last = parts[i];
    if (last === '.') {
      parts.splice(i, 1);
    } else if (last === '..') {
      parts.splice(i, 1);
      up++;
    } else if (up) {
      parts.splice(i, 1);
      up--;
    }
  }

  // if the path is allowed to go above the root, restore leading ..s
  if (allowAboveRoot) {
    for (; up--; up) {
      parts.unshift('..');
    }
  }

  return parts;
}

// Split a filename into [root, dir, basename, ext], unix version
// 'root' is just a slash, or nothing.
var splitPathRe =
    /^(\/?|)([\s\S]*?)((?:\.{1,2}|[^\/]+?|)(\.[^.\/]*|))(?:[\/]*)$/;
var splitPath = function(filename) {
  return splitPathRe.exec(filename).slice(1);
};

// path.resolve([from ...], to)
// posix version
exports.resolve = function() {
  var resolvedPath = '',
      resolvedAbsolute = false;

  for (var i = arguments.length - 1; i >= -1 && !resolvedAbsolute; i--) {
    var path = (i >= 0) ? arguments[i] : process.cwd();

    // Skip empty and invalid entries
    if (!util.isString(path)) {
      throw new TypeError('Arguments to path.resolve must be strings');
    } else if (!path) {
      continue;
    }

    resolvedPath = path + '/' + resolvedPath;
    resolvedAbsolute = path.charAt(0) === '/';
  }

  // At this point the path should be resolved to a full absolute path, but
  // handle relative paths to be safe (might happen when process.cwd() fails)

  // Normalize the path
  resolvedPath = normalizeArray(shims.filter(resolvedPath.split('/'), function(p) {
    return !!p;
  }), !resolvedAbsolute).join('/');

  return ((resolvedAbsolute ? '/' : '') + resolvedPath) || '.';
};

// path.normalize(path)
// posix version
exports.normalize = function(path) {
  var isAbsolute = exports.isAbsolute(path),
      trailingSlash = shims.substr(path, -1) === '/';

  // Normalize the path
  path = normalizeArray(shims.filter(path.split('/'), function(p) {
    return !!p;
  }), !isAbsolute).join('/');

  if (!path && !isAbsolute) {
    path = '.';
  }
  if (path && trailingSlash) {
    path += '/';
  }

  return (isAbsolute ? '/' : '') + path;
};

// posix version
exports.isAbsolute = function(path) {
  return path.charAt(0) === '/';
};

// posix version
exports.join = function() {
  var paths = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0);
  return exports.normalize(shims.filter(paths, function(p, index) {
    if (!util.isString(p)) {
      throw new TypeError('Arguments to path.join must be strings');
    }
    return p;
  }).join('/'));
};

// path.relative(from, to)
// posix version
exports.relative = function(from, to) {
  from = exports.resolve(from).substr(1);
  to = exports.resolve(to).substr(1);

  function trim(arr) {
    var start = 0;
    for (; start < arr.length; start++) {
      if (arr[start] !== '') break;
    }

    var end = arr.length - 1;
    for (; end >= 0; end--) {
      if (arr[end] !== '') break;
    }

    if (start > end) return [];
    return arr.slice(start, end - start + 1);
  }

  var fromParts = trim(from.split('/'));
  var toParts = trim(to.split('/'));

  var length = Math.min(fromParts.length, toParts.length);
  var samePartsLength = length;
  for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
    if (fromParts[i] !== toParts[i]) {
      samePartsLength = i;
      break;
    }
  }

  var outputParts = [];
  for (var i = samePartsLength; i < fromParts.length; i++) {
    outputParts.push('..');
  }

  outputParts = outputParts.concat(toParts.slice(samePartsLength));

  return outputParts.join('/');
};

exports.sep = '/';
exports.delimiter = ':';

exports.dirname = function(path) {
  var result = splitPath(path),
      root = result[0],
      dir = result[1];

  if (!root && !dir) {
    // No dirname whatsoever
    return '.';
  }

  if (dir) {
    // It has a dirname, strip trailing slash
    dir = dir.substr(0, dir.length - 1);
  }

  return root + dir;
};

exports.basename = function(path, ext) {
  var f = splitPath(path)[2];
  // TODO: make this comparison case-insensitive on windows?
  if (ext && f.substr(-1 * ext.length) === ext) {
    f = f.substr(0, f.length - ext.length);
  }
  return f;
};

exports.extname = function(path) {
  return splitPath(path)[3];
};

},{"__browserify_process":38,"_shims":34,"util":37}],37:[function(require,module,exports){
// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
// following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

var shims = require('_shims');

var formatRegExp = /%[sdj%]/g;
exports.format = function(f) {
  if (!isString(f)) {
    var objects = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
      objects.push(inspect(arguments[i]));
    }
    return objects.join(' ');
  }

  var i = 1;
  var args = arguments;
  var len = args.length;
  var str = String(f).replace(formatRegExp, function(x) {
    if (x === '%%') return '%';
    if (i >= len) return x;
    switch (x) {
      case '%s': return String(args[i++]);
      case '%d': return Number(args[i++]);
      case '%j':
        try {
          return JSON.stringify(args[i++]);
        } catch (_) {
          return '[Circular]';
        }
      default:
        return x;
    }
  });
  for (var x = args[i]; i < len; x = args[++i]) {
    if (isNull(x) || !isObject(x)) {
      str += ' ' + x;
    } else {
      str += ' ' + inspect(x);
    }
  }
  return str;
};

/**
 * Echos the value of a value. Trys to print the value out
 * in the best way possible given the different types.
 *
 * @param {Object} obj The object to print out.
 * @param {Object} opts Optional options object that alters the output.
 */
/* legacy: obj, showHidden, depth, colors*/
function inspect(obj, opts) {
  // default options
  var ctx = {
    seen: [],
    stylize: stylizeNoColor
  };
  // legacy...
  if (arguments.length >= 3) ctx.depth = arguments[2];
  if (arguments.length >= 4) ctx.colors = arguments[3];
  if (isBoolean(opts)) {
    // legacy...
    ctx.showHidden = opts;
  } else if (opts) {
    // got an "options" object
    exports._extend(ctx, opts);
  }
  // set default options
  if (isUndefined(ctx.showHidden)) ctx.showHidden = false;
  if (isUndefined(ctx.depth)) ctx.depth = 2;
  if (isUndefined(ctx.colors)) ctx.colors = false;
  if (isUndefined(ctx.customInspect)) ctx.customInspect = true;
  if (ctx.colors) ctx.stylize = stylizeWithColor;
  return formatValue(ctx, obj, ctx.depth);
}
exports.inspect = inspect;

// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#graphics
inspect.colors = {
  'bold' : [1, 22],
  'italic' : [3, 23],
  'underline' : [4, 24],
  'inverse' : [7, 27],
  'white' : [37, 39],
  'grey' : [90, 39],
  'black' : [30, 39],
  'blue' : [34, 39],
  'cyan' : [36, 39],
  'green' : [32, 39],
  'magenta' : [35, 39],
  'red' : [31, 39],
  'yellow' : [33, 39]
};

// Don't use 'blue' not visible on cmd.exe
inspect.styles = {
  'special': 'cyan',
  'number': 'yellow',
  'boolean': 'yellow',
  'undefined': 'grey',
  'null': 'bold',
  'string': 'green',
  'date': 'magenta',
  // "name": intentionally not styling
  'regexp': 'red'
};

function stylizeWithColor(str, styleType) {
  var style = inspect.styles[styleType];

  if (style) {
    return '\u001b[' + inspect.colors[style][0] + 'm' + str +
           '\u001b[' + inspect.colors[style][1] + 'm';
  } else {
    return str;
  }
}

function stylizeNoColor(str, styleType) {
  return str;
}

function arrayToHash(array) {
  var hash = {};

  shims.forEach(array, function(val, idx) {
    hash[val] = true;
  });

  return hash;
}

function formatValue(ctx, value, recurseTimes) {
  // Provide a hook for user-specified inspect functions.
  // Check that value is an object with an inspect function on it
  if (ctx.customInspect &&
      value &&
      isFunction(value.inspect) &&
      // Filter out the util module, it's inspect function is special
      value.inspect !== exports.inspect &&
      // Also filter out any prototype objects using the circular check.
      !(value.constructor && value.constructor.prototype === value)) {
    var ret = value.inspect(recurseTimes);
    if (!isString(ret)) {
      ret = formatValue(ctx, ret, recurseTimes);
    }
    return ret;
  }

  // Primitive types cannot have properties
  var primitive = formatPrimitive(ctx, value);
  if (primitive) {
    return primitive;
  }

  // Look up the keys of the object.
  var keys = shims.keys(value);
  var visibleKeys = arrayToHash(keys);

  if (ctx.showHidden) {
    keys = shims.getOwnPropertyNames(value);
  }

  // Some type of object without properties can be shortcutted.
  if (keys.length === 0) {
    if (isFunction(value)) {
      var name = value.name ? ': ' + value.name : '';
      return ctx.stylize('[Function' + name + ']', 'special');
    }
    if (isRegExp(value)) {
      return ctx.stylize(RegExp.prototype.toString.call(value), 'regexp');
    }
    if (isDate(value)) {
      return ctx.stylize(Date.prototype.toString.call(value), 'date');
    }
    if (isError(value)) {
      return formatError(value);
    }
  }

  var base = '', array = false, braces = ['{', '}'];

  // Make Array say that they are Array
  if (isArray(value)) {
    array = true;
    braces = ['[', ']'];
  }

  // Make functions say that they are functions
  if (isFunction(value)) {
    var n = value.name ? ': ' + value.name : '';
    base = ' [Function' + n + ']';
  }

  // Make RegExps say that they are RegExps
  if (isRegExp(value)) {
    base = ' ' + RegExp.prototype.toString.call(value);
  }

  // Make dates with properties first say the date
  if (isDate(value)) {
    base = ' ' + Date.prototype.toUTCString.call(value);
  }

  // Make error with message first say the error
  if (isError(value)) {
    base = ' ' + formatError(value);
  }

  if (keys.length === 0 && (!array || value.length == 0)) {
    return braces[0] + base + braces[1];
  }

  if (recurseTimes < 0) {
    if (isRegExp(value)) {
      return ctx.stylize(RegExp.prototype.toString.call(value), 'regexp');
    } else {
      return ctx.stylize('[Object]', 'special');
    }
  }

  ctx.seen.push(value);

  var output;
  if (array) {
    output = formatArray(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys, keys);
  } else {
    output = keys.map(function(key) {
      return formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys, key, array);
    });
  }

  ctx.seen.pop();

  return reduceToSingleString(output, base, braces);
}

function formatPrimitive(ctx, value) {
  if (isUndefined(value))
    return ctx.stylize('undefined', 'undefined');
  if (isString(value)) {
    var simple = '\'' + JSON.stringify(value).replace(/^"|"$/g, '')
                                             .replace(/'/g, "\\'")
                                             .replace(/\\"/g, '"') + '\'';
    return ctx.stylize(simple, 'string');
  }
  if (isNumber(value))
    return ctx.stylize('' + value, 'number');
  if (isBoolean(value))
    return ctx.stylize('' + value, 'boolean');
  // For some reason typeof null is "object", so special case here.
  if (isNull(value))
    return ctx.stylize('null', 'null');
}

function formatError(value) {
  return '[' + Error.prototype.toString.call(value) + ']';
}

function formatArray(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys, keys) {
  var output = [];
  for (var i = 0, l = value.length; i < l; ++i) {
    if (hasOwnProperty(value, String(i))) {
      output.push(formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys,
          String(i), true));
    } else {
      output.push('');
    }
  }

  shims.forEach(keys, function(key) {
    if (!key.match(/^\d+$/)) {
      output.push(formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys,
          key, true));
    }
  });
  return output;
}

function formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys, key, array) {
  var name, str, desc;
  desc = shims.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(value, key) || { value: value[key] };
  if (desc.get) {
    if (desc.set) {
      str = ctx.stylize('[Getter/Setter]', 'special');
    } else {
      str = ctx.stylize('[Getter]', 'special');
    }
  } else {
    if (desc.set) {
      str = ctx.stylize('[Setter]', 'special');
    }
  }

  if (!hasOwnProperty(visibleKeys, key)) {
    name = '[' + key + ']';
  }
  if (!str) {
    if (shims.indexOf(ctx.seen, desc.value) < 0) {
      if (isNull(recurseTimes)) {
        str = formatValue(ctx, desc.value, null);
      } else {
        str = formatValue(ctx, desc.value, recurseTimes - 1);
      }
      if (str.indexOf('\n') > -1) {
        if (array) {
          str = str.split('\n').map(function(line) {
            return '  ' + line;
          }).join('\n').substr(2);
        } else {
          str = '\n' + str.split('\n').map(function(line) {
            return '   ' + line;
          }).join('\n');
        }
      }
    } else {
      str = ctx.stylize('[Circular]', 'special');
    }
  }
  if (isUndefined(name)) {
    if (array && key.match(/^\d+$/)) {
      return str;
    }
    name = JSON.stringify('' + key);
    if (name.match(/^"([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*)"$/)) {
      name = name.substr(1, name.length - 2);
      name = ctx.stylize(name, 'name');
    } else {
      name = name.replace(/'/g, "\\'")
                 .replace(/\\"/g, '"')
                 .replace(/(^"|"$)/g, "'");
      name = ctx.stylize(name, 'string');
    }
  }

  return name + ': ' + str;
}

function reduceToSingleString(output, base, braces) {
  var numLinesEst = 0;
  var length = shims.reduce(output, function(prev, cur) {
    numLinesEst++;
    if (cur.indexOf('\n') >= 0) numLinesEst++;
    return prev + cur.replace(/\u001b\[\d\d?m/g, '').length + 1;
  }, 0);

  if (length > 60) {
    return braces[0] +
           (base === '' ? '' : base + '\n ') +
           ' ' +
           output.join(',\n  ') +
           ' ' +
           braces[1];
  }

  return braces[0] + base + ' ' + output.join(', ') + ' ' + braces[1];
}

// NOTE: These type checking functions intentionally don't use `instanceof`
// because it is fragile and can be easily faked with `Object.create()`.
function isArray(ar) {
  return shims.isArray(ar);
}
exports.isArray = isArray;

function isBoolean(arg) {
  return typeof arg === 'boolean';
}
exports.isBoolean = isBoolean;

function isNull(arg) {
  return arg === null;
}
exports.isNull = isNull;

function isNullOrUndefined(arg) {
  return arg == null;
}
exports.isNullOrUndefined = isNullOrUndefined;

function isNumber(arg) {
  return typeof arg === 'number';
}
exports.isNumber = isNumber;

function isString(arg) {
  return typeof arg === 'string';
}
exports.isString = isString;

function isSymbol(arg) {
  return typeof arg === 'symbol';
}
exports.isSymbol = isSymbol;

function isUndefined(arg) {
  return arg === void 0;
}
exports.isUndefined = isUndefined;

function isRegExp(re) {
  return isObject(re) && objectToString(re) === '[object RegExp]';
}
exports.isRegExp = isRegExp;

function isObject(arg) {
  return typeof arg === 'object' && arg;
}
exports.isObject = isObject;

function isDate(d) {
  return isObject(d) && objectToString(d) === '[object Date]';
}
exports.isDate = isDate;

function isError(e) {
  return isObject(e) && objectToString(e) === '[object Error]';
}
exports.isError = isError;

function isFunction(arg) {
  return typeof arg === 'function';
}
exports.isFunction = isFunction;

function isPrimitive(arg) {
  return arg === null ||
         typeof arg === 'boolean' ||
         typeof arg === 'number' ||
         typeof arg === 'string' ||
         typeof arg === 'symbol' ||  // ES6 symbol
         typeof arg === 'undefined';
}
exports.isPrimitive = isPrimitive;

function isBuffer(arg) {
  return arg && typeof arg === 'object'
    && typeof arg.copy === 'function'
    && typeof arg.fill === 'function'
    && typeof arg.binarySlice === 'function'
  ;
}
exports.isBuffer = isBuffer;

function objectToString(o) {
  return Object.prototype.toString.call(o);
}

function pad(n) {
  return n < 10 ? '0' + n.toString(10) : n.toString(10);
}

var months = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep',
              'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'];

// 26 Feb 16:19:34
function timestamp() {
  var d = new Date();
  var time = [pad(d.getHours()),
              pad(d.getMinutes()),
              pad(d.getSeconds())].join(':');
  return [d.getDate(), months[d.getMonth()], time].join(' ');
}

// log is just a thin wrapper to console.log that prepends a timestamp
exports.log = function() {
  console.log('%s - %s', timestamp(), exports.format.apply(exports, arguments));
};

/**
 * Inherit the prototype methods from one constructor into another.
 *
 * The Function.prototype.inherits from lang.js rewritten as a standalone
 * function (not on Function.prototype). NOTE: If this file is to be loaded
 * during bootstrapping this function needs to be rewritten using some native
 * functions as prototype setup using normal JavaScript does not work as
 * expected during bootstrapping (see mirror.js in r114903).
 *
 * @param {function} ctor Constructor function which needs to inherit the
 *     prototype.
 * @param {function} superCtor Constructor function to inherit prototype from.
 */
exports.inherits = function(ctor, superCtor) {
  ctor.super_ = superCtor;
  ctor.prototype = shims.create(superCtor.prototype, {
    constructor: {
      value: ctor,
      enumerable: false,
      writable: true,
      configurable: true
    }
  });
};

exports._extend = function(origin, add) {
  // Don't do anything if add isn't an object
  if (!add || !isObject(add)) return origin;

  var keys = shims.keys(add);
  var i = keys.length;
  while (i--) {
    origin[keys[i]] = add[keys[i]];
  }
  return origin;
};

function hasOwnProperty(obj, prop) {
  return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, prop);
}

},{"_shims":34}],38:[function(require,module,exports){
// shim for using process in browser

var process = module.exports = {};

process.nextTick = (function () {
    var canSetImmediate = typeof window !== 'undefined'
    && window.setImmediate;
    var canPost = typeof window !== 'undefined'
    && window.postMessage && window.addEventListener
    ;

    if (canSetImmediate) {
        return function (f) { return window.setImmediate(f) };
    }

    if (canPost) {
        var queue = [];
        window.addEventListener('message', function (ev) {
            if (ev.source === window && ev.data === 'process-tick') {
                ev.stopPropagation();
                if (queue.length > 0) {
                    var fn = queue.shift();
                    fn();
                }
            }
        }, true);

        return function nextTick(fn) {
            queue.push(fn);
            window.postMessage('process-tick', '*');
        };
    }

    return function nextTick(fn) {
        setTimeout(fn, 0);
    };
})();

process.title = 'browser';
process.browser = true;
process.env = {};
process.argv = [];

process.binding = function (name) {
    throw new Error('process.binding is not supported');
}

// TODO(shtylman)
process.cwd = function () { return '/' };
process.chdir = function (dir) {
    throw new Error('process.chdir is not supported');
};

},{}]},{},[1])
;