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Tree Surgery, Tree Removal, Woodland Management, Pruning, Felling, Stump Removal
Solihull Parks and Nature Reserves
Solihull has some beautiful parks, totalling over 1,500 acres for strolling and dog walking. Some have play equipment, lakes and formal gardens but the thing they all have in common is trees – and a wonderful variety of them.
In addition to the parks are 23 nature reserves designated by Nature England. The reserves total nearly 500 acres of wildlife habitat and benefit from dedicated volunteers who undertake valuable conservation work.
The motto of Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council is "Urbs in Rure" – meaning "Town in the Country" and sums up the rural nature of our town.
Our Favourite Solihull Parks
Babbs Mill Park and Nature Reserve in Kingshurst was created in commemoration of the Queen's Silver Jubilee in 1977. As a local nature reserve, it's home to varied wildlife, including many owls and bats. The River Cole flows through the park, which also features wildflower grassland, a beautiful lake and woodland.
Bentley Heath Recreation Ground is a fun place for all with its skate park, tennis court and multi-sports courts. There's also a multi-play area for toddlers so a great park for all the family.
Damson Lane Park has a comprehensive kids' play area with trampoline, overhead rotator and lots more to keep them occupied. For the older kids and adults there's a sports wall, football pitches and even outdoor gym equipment.
Dorridge Park and Dorridge Wood Nature Reserve is one of Solihull's green flag parks and intended to bring a rural feel to the town, although it also contains a fantastic kids' play area. Dorridge Wood houses a lot of wildlife and beautiful wild flowers, as well as ancient woodlands with established oak, ash and beech trees. Well worth a visit and an area kids love to explore.
Elmdon Nature Park was created from a derelict site on the outskirts of Solihull and houses the remains of a walled garden. It's managed by the Warwickshire Wildlife Trust and provides lovely views from the hills in the park. Explore the heritage trail or the walled garden for an adventurous day out away from it all.
Hillfield Park is a large landscaped park with walking trails and lake. Refurbishment of the play area has been undertaken by the Playbuilder Project, so this is a great park for kids to enjoy the latest equipment and games.
Kingshurst Park is one of Solihull's smaller parks, situated right next to the local shopping area with a small but refurbished play area.
Knowle Park is a local nature reserve, but much more. It houses ornamental gardens and a pond and hosts events in the summer, including the annual Knowle Park music event. The park has outdoor gym equipment and a comprehensive kids play area, including zip wire and an activity trail complete with climbing net.
Lanchester Park
Langley Hall Park
Lavender Hall Park
Malvern and Brueton Parks
Marston Green Park
Meriden Park
Millison's Wood Local Nature Reserve
Olton Jubilee Park
Shirley Park
Tudor Grange Park
A quick search on Google will reveal details of most of the parks you can visit and here is a summary of the council guidelines to protect and care for these valuable open places and to make them fabulous destinations for us all.
Take litter home or dispose of it in the bins provided
Use paths and observe signs, respect wildlife and flowers and close gates behind you
Park responsibly in the carparks, without blocking other cars or entrances or parking on verges
Take care to lock your car and ensure valuables are not on display
Walk dogs responsibly, use the waste bins and keep dogs on a lead where possible. Dogs should be wearing a collar and tag and mustn't be taken into playgrounds.


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Home » News » Box Office Special Features » Box Office: Kartik Aaryan rises and shines further, breaks personal weekend record with Pati Patni Aur Woh
Box Office: Kartik Aaryan rises and shines further, breaks personal weekend record with Pati Patni Aur Woh
, Dec 9, 2019 - 12:50 pm IST
All the hard work and smart choices of Kartik Aaryan are paying off. He is now competing with himself, what with the weekend collections of his latest release Pati Patni Aur Woh turning out to be even better than his last release Luka Chuppi. That film held the record for being Kartik Aaryan's biggest weekend opener till date [Rs. 32.13 crores] and Pati Patni Aur Woh has now surpassed it by a distance, what with Rs. 35.94 crores been scored.
This is the second time that the young actor has managed to enjoy a weekend in upwards of Rs. 30 crores and the next target for him is to breach Rs. 40 crores milestone. With his upcoming line up being quite impressive [Aaj Kal, Dostana 2 and Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2], that should be pretty much possible. As a matter of fact he could well have managed to do that with Pati Patni Aur Woh itself, had there been no clash with Panipat. Nonetheless, at the end of the day it's the merits of a film that speaks the loudest and in that perspective this one is a winner.
As for Kartik Aaryan, he must indeed be ecstatic about the fact that his film has now gone far ahead of the weekend collections of his earlier big hits Sonu Ke Titu Ke Sweety and Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2. He has stayed on to be quite reliable of late when it comes to the opening collections of his films and now with family audiences too beginning to warm up to him (other than youth that he had anyways won over back in time), expectations would be further higher from Kartik Aaryan in films to come.
Weekend collections of Kartik Aaryan films:
Pati Patni Aur Woh – Rs. 35.94 crores
Luka Chuppi – Rs. 32.13 crores
Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety – Rs. 26.57 crores
Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2 – Rs. 22.75 crores
More Pages: Pati Patni Aur Woh Box Office Collection , Pati Patni Aur Woh Movie Review
Tags: Ananya Panday, Bhumi Pednekar, Box-Office, Kartik Aaryan, Mudassar Aziz, Pati Patni Aur Woh
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364 F. 2d 618 - Holman v. Washington
364 F2d 618 Holman v. Washington
William C. HOLMAN, As Warden Kilby Prison, Montgomery,
Alabama, Appellant,
Caliph WASHINGTON, Appellee.
Aug. 8, 1966.
David W. Clark, Asst. Atty. Gen., Montgomery, Ala., Richmond M. Flowers, Atty. Gen. of Alabama, for appellant.
Orzell Billingsley, Jr., Birmingham, Ala., David H. Hood, Jr., Bessemer, Ala., Charles Morgan, Jr., Atlanta, Ga., Robert L. Carter, New York City, Erskine Smith, Birmingham, Ala., for appellee.
Before JONES and GEWIN, Circuit Judges, and HUNTER, District Judge.
GEWIN, Circuit Judge:
Upon petitioner's application for a writ of habeas corpus, in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama, 28 U.S.C.A. 2241, 2254, the court held that the admission into evidence of a confession obtained without the presence of counsel and the admission into evidence of the testimony of a witness from a previous trial without the laying of a proper predicate violated petitioner's constitutional rights under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments and ordered the petitioner to be discharged from custody. Washington v. Holman, D.C. 245 F.Supp. 116 (1965). This is an appeal from that order of the District Court granting the writ of habeas corpus.
On July 12, 1957, police officer, James B. Clark, of Lipscomb, Alabama, received a fatal would from a bullet fired from his own pistol. Two days later the petitioner, a 17 year old Negro boy, able 'to read and write a little,' was arrested in Mississippi by a Mississippi officer and the pistol of the deceased was found in his possession. An Alabama police officer testified that while escorting the petitioner back to Alabama, he confessed to shooting the police officer in an attempt 'to get away from the police.' Thereafter, while incarcerated in Alabama, prior to indictment and without benefit of counsel, a written confession was obtained from him.
Petitioner was indicted by the Grand Jury of Jefferson County, Alabama, on a charge of murder in the first degree on September 12, 1957. Being unable to employ counsel, the court appointed counsel to represent him. He was tried on October 8, 1957, and convicted of murder in the first degree and sentenced to death, but the conviction was reversed by the Alabama Supreme Court and the cause remanded on February 12, 1959. Washington v. State, 269 Ala. 146, 112 So.2d 179.1 On re-trial, December 9, 1959, petitioner was found guilty as charged and on appeal the conviction and sentence were affirmed on October 4, 1962. Washington v. State, 274 Ala. 386, 148 So.2d 206. After exhausting his state remedies as required by 28 U.S.C.A. 2254, he petitioned the District Court for a writ of habeas corpus on December 3, 1964. The court in granting the writ found that petitioner was convicted in violation of his constitutional rights to the assistance of counsel and to confrontation and crossexamination of the witness against him.2
It is the contention of appellant that the District Court erred in finding the conviction of petitioner unconstitutional. First, appellant contends that the admission into evidence of petitioner's confession made without counsel, offer of counsel or waiver of counsel did not violate his constitutional right to the assistance of counsel. Second, appellant contends that the proper predicate was laid for the admission into evidence of testimony of a witness taken at a prior trial and therefore petitioner's constitutional right to confrontation and cross-examination of the witness against him was not violated.
* The only reference in the record to the facts surrounding the confession is in the opinion and order of the District Court Judge. The opinion reads:
'After Washington had been returned to the State of Alabama and while incarcerated prior to indictment and without the benefit of counsel, a written confession was obtained from Washington by 'chief' Wilton H. Hogan, Chief Deputy Clyde Morris, Criminal Investigators W. C. Dean and C. E. Walker, together with the Deputy Coroner, J. W. Thompson.'
This confession was admitted into evidence over the objection of petitioner's counsel, that it was obtained without benefit of counsel.3
The District Court in determining the admissibility of the confession concluded that the Escobedo4 case was controlling. In Escobedo the Supreme Court reversed the conviction of a 22 year old defendant of Mexican extraction and held that damaging statements made by the defendant during interrogation without being permitted to contact his lawyer were inadmissible at trial. The often quoted language of Escobedo,
'That, where, as here, the investigation is no longer a general inquiry into an unsolved crime but has begun to focus on a particular suspect, the suspect has been taken into police custody, the police carry out a process of interrogations that lends itself to eliciting incriminating statements, the suspect has requested and been denied an opportunity to consult with his lawyer, and the police has not effectively warned him of his absolute constitutional right to remain silent, the accused has been denied 'the Assistance of Counsel' in violation of the Sixth Amendment * * * and that no statement elicited by the police during the interrogation may be used against him at a criminal trial,'
was the guiding principle in the District Court's determination that petitioner's confession was inadmissible.
A more recent case, Miranda v. State of Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694, June 13, 1966), established standards for in-custody interrogation, among which are: Prior to any questioning, the person must be advised that he has a right to remain silent, that any statement he does make may be used as evidence against him, and that he has a right to the presence of an attorney, either retained or appointed. The defendant may waive effectuation of these rights provided the waiver is made voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently. The prosecution may not use any statement stemming from interrogation of the defendant unless these procedural safeguards or other fully effective measures are employed. Thus Miranda being a further exploration into the problem of self-incrimination as dealt with in Escobedo supports the District Court's conclusion as to the non-admissibility of petitioner's confession if the principles announced in those cases were not limited in their application retrospectively.
Subsequent to the District Court's decision, the Supreme Court decided Johnson v. State of New Jersey, 384 U.S. 719 (86 S.Ct. 1772, 16 L.Ed.2d 882, June 20, 1966), which precludes us from applying the principles of Escobedo and Miranda in judging the admissibility of petitioner's confession. The Supreme Court concluded that their holdings in the two cases should not be applied retroactively but should apply only to cases commenced after those decisions were announced. Since the ruling in Escobedo is available only to persons whose trials began after June 22, 1964, and Miranda after June 13, 1966, petitioner is excluded; since his trial began on October 8, 1957, many years before these cases were decided.
But the Court emphasized that even though Escobedo and Miranda were to be given only prospective application, case law on coerced confessions is available for persons whose trials have already been completed. Thus the Johnson decision does not preclude persons from invoking the safeguards established in Escobedo and Miranda as part of an involuntariness claim. The failure of the State to meet these standards would be one factor to be considered by the court in determining whether the resulting confession was involuntary. Haynes v. State of Washington, 373 U.S. 503, 83 S.Ct. 1336, 10 L.Ed.2d 513 (1963); Spano v. People of State of New York, 360 U.S. 315, 79 S.Ct. 1202, 3 L.Ed.2d 1265 (1959). Thus the totality of the circumstances which produced the confession must be examined by the court, and only after weighing all the factors involved could a decision be made as to the involuntariness of a confession.
As heretofore stated, one of the chief contentions of the petitioner is that the confession obtained by the police was elicited when he was without counsel and had not been offered free counsel. So far as the record discloses the issue of voluntariness or involuntariness of the confession was not presented to the District Court or decided by it. However, interrogation without the presence of counsel may be considered as one factor (among many others) tending to prove involuntariness. In view of our decision with respect to the admission into evidence of the testimony of the absent witness appearing later in this opinion, plus the fact that the voluntariness issue does not appear to have been an issue in the District Court, we find it unnecessary and inappropriate to make a determination of that issue.5 See Marion v. Harrist, 363 F.2d 139 (5 Cir. 1966).
Since Escobedo and Miranda cannot be retroactively applied to this case, we must reverse the finding of the District Court that the confession was inadmissible under the standards of Escobedo.
The second claim of error brought to us for decision involves whether a proper predicate was laid for the admission into evidence of testimony of a witness at a prior trial.
The Alabama Supreme Court has stated that when a witness is absent from the jurisdiction, his testimony taken on any previous trial from the same offense may be offered and admitted in a subsequent trial provided a proper predicate is laid. Reeves v. State, 264 Ala. 476, 88 So.2d 561 (1956). In such a situation the requirements that must be met before the testimony is admissible, Reeves v. State, supra; Wyatt v. State, 35 Ala.App. 147, 46 So.2d 837 (1950), are four-fold: (1) Proper proof of absence from the jurisdiction; (2) Substantially the same issues and parties in the subsequent trial; (3) Testimony of witness must have been given under oath; and (4) The party against whom the witness was offered had an opportunity to test the credit of the testimony by cross-examination.6
The witness, Mr. Furman Jones, around whom this controversy revolves, testified at petitioner's initial trial. He was placed under oath and on direct examination stated that while he was returning by bus to his army camp, Fort Hood, Texas, the petitioner sat down in the seat beside him. While occupying adjoining seats, petitioner told him that he had killed a policeman in Alabama. Upon conclusion of the direct examination, defense counsel cross-examined the witness. Almost two and a half years later on petitioner's re-trial for the same crime, first degree murder, the state introduced the transcript of Mr. Jones' testimony, which was admitted into evidence by the trial court upon the contention by the State that the witness was a nonresident of Alabama and not subject to compulsory process.
From this statement of facts it is clear that the chief requirement which is being questioned is the one requiring proper proof of permanent absence from the jurisdiction. At the second trial the court admitted into evidence the following proof that Mr. Jones was not presently within the State of Alabama and thus unavailable: the testimony of Mr. Jones at the first trial on October 8, 1957, that he lived in South Carolina7 and the testimony of Mr. Jack Brown, Deputy Sheriff of Jefferson County that he mailed a subpoena to Mr. Jones by regular mail at the address shown on the subpoena decket sheet, which listed his address as Box 465, Jonesville, South Carolina.8 The trial court found that the above evidence constituted proper proof that the witness was without the jurisdiction of the court and not available to the State as a witness. Thus the court found that the witness was absent from the jurisdiction on the date of the trial, December 9, 1959, because over two years earlier he had testified that he lived in South Carolina, and that the docket sheet listed his purported address as being Box 465, Jonesville, South Carolina.9
We think the above evidence is most inadequate as proof of the whereabouts of witness Jones. The state has merely indicated a possibility that Mr. Jones is ebyond the borders of Alabama, and such indication certainly falls short of the requirement of diligent search for the witness and proper proof of absence from the jurisdiction. Not only has the state offered insufficient proof that the witness is in South Carolina and not Alabama, it has not shown that it exercised due diligence in its efforts to discover the presence of the witness. See Lovejoy v. State, 32 Ala.App. 110, 22 So.2d 532 (1945),10 cert. den. 247 Ala. 48, 22 So.2d 537; McCoy v. State,221 Ala. 466, 129 So. 21 (1930).
It is common knowledge that people are constantly changing their places of abode. They move from state to state for many reasons, some of which are connected with employment or other business undertakings. In this case the strongest evidence offered by the State was the fact that this witness had stated two and a half years before that he lived in South Carolina. He was a soldier at the time. Moreover, it is also true that some witnesses will cooperate with parties litigant to the extent that compulsory process is not the only means of securing their attendance in court. Indeed, the arrangements by which the attendance of Jones was procured at the first trial, although he was in the army and stationed in Texas, is an example showing the attendance of a witness without compulsory process. In our view, the State of Alabama was required to show greater diligence than was shown with respect to obtaining the attendance of the witness, and showing that he was beyond the jurisdiction of the court.
Also we take notice of the fact that on appeal to the Alabama Supreme Court the court was not unanimous in its affirmance of petitioner's conviction, but Judge Coleman in his dissent concluded that the proper predicate for the admission of this witness' testimony was not laid.
The constitutional right of confrontation and cross-examination to the extent guaranteed by the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments cannot be sidestepped because it happens to be convenient for one of the parties. The importance of this right is emphatically demonstrated by the existence of the numerous safeguards designed for its protection. In addition to the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution, the right is also guaranteed by the Constitution of the State of Alabama, Article I, Section 6, Constitution of Alabama, 1901. See also Pointer v. State of Texas, 380 U.S. 400, 85 S.Ct. 1065, 13 L.Ed.2d 923 (1965); Mattox v. United States, 156 U.S. 237, 15 S.Ct. 337, 39 L.Ed. 409. It is only when all of these safeguards have been complied with, particularly with reference to the case before us, the requirement of proper proof that the witness is unavailable, that the admission of his prior testimony does no violence to protected constitutional rights.
The constitutional right of confrontation could never have any greater meaning than when a person is on trial for his life under an indictment charging first degree murder. In this case the likelihood that such a penalty would be imposed was not remote or highly speculative in view of the fact that Washington had been given the death sentence on his first trial.11
Therefore, we affirm the decision of the District Court that a proper predicate was not laid for the admission into evidence of the absent witness' testimony taken at a prior trial; and thus, petitioner was convicted in violation of the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments.
In accordance with the foregoing we affirm the Order, Judgment and Decree of the District Court insofar as it relates to the use of the testimony of the absent witness.
Modified and affirmed.
In reversing the conviction the court held that it was error to admit a statement made by the defendant into evidence where such statement had been used by the prosecutor, during his cross-examination of defendant, and defendant had been denied the right to examine the statement before being questioned concerning its contents
At the pretrial hearing it was stipulated and agreed by the parties that the court would inquire into petitioner's allegedly unconstitutional detention by examining the pleadings, the transcript of the evidence and the briefs of the parties upon the following issues:
whether petitioner has been subjected to cruel and unusual punishment, by having been granted thirteen reprieves;
whether reception into evidence of petitioner's confession obtained while petitioner was not represented by counsel violated his right to the assistance of counsel guaranteed by the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments;
whether the reception of testimony from a previous trial into evidence on the second trial was a denial of petitioner's right to confrontation and cross-examination of the witness against him and thus a violation of the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments; and
whether or not petitioner's constitutional right of due process was violated by the trial court's receiving into evidence his confession when the testimony as to the voluntary nature of such confession was heard before the jury. In ruling on the constitutionality of petitioner's detention, the District Court concluded that only issues two and three were necessary and appropriate for discussion in disposing of the case
Counsel's objection to the admittance of the confession was as follows:
'Mr. Edwards: We object to it as not being shown to be a voluntary, not shown to be in the words of the defendant, not shown that he was advised that he could have had or should have had counsel present at the time that the statement was made; he was not given the benefit of counsel and advice of counsel before requiring him to answer the questions and to make the statement made on that occasion.'
Escobedo v. State of Illinois, 378 U.S. 478, 84 S.Ct. 1758, 12 L.Ed.2d 977 (1965)
In addition we make no decision regarding issue number four contained in the District Court's order on pretrial hearing. See note 2, supra. That question has not been presented to us for determination. The record indicates that the jury was present during the trial judge's evidentiary hearing on the admissibility of the confession. In light of Jackson v. Denno, 378 U.S. 368, 84 S.Ct. 1774, 12 L.Ed.2d 908 (1964), in which the Court held that voluntariness must be determined in a proceeding separate and apart from the jury, the petitioner's claim may have merit
The rule as to absence is succinctly stated in Wyatt v. State as follows:
'The testimony of a witness at a former trial is admissible in a second trial when at the time the witness is dead, under disability, is permanently absent from the State, or becomes unavailable by reason of claim of privilege at the second trial.'
This testimony consisted of one question and one answer:
'Q. You live in South Carolina? 'A. Yes, sir.'
We presume this address was obtained from a letter received from Robert J. Gregory, Chief-of-Police, Jonesville, S.C. who stated that furman Jones was living in Jonesville and that his mailing address was Box 465, Jonesville, S.C. This letter was offered into evidence by the State and upon the objection of defense counsel, the trial court refused its admission
This witness was in the army stationed in Texas at the time of the first trial. Arrangements were made to secure his presence. In its decision affirming the conviction following the second trial, the Supreme Court of Alabama stated:
'Jones appeared in the first trial through the cooperation of the United States Army even though he was then stationed in Texas.'
The following is from the opinion in Lovejoy v. State:
'Also, if a witness had been examined in a former criminal case before a competent tribunal and subsequently dies, or if not dead, becomes insane; or if after diligent search he is not to be found within the jurisdiction of the court, or if that which is equivalent be shown, that he has left the state permanently or for such an indefinite time that his return is contingent and uncertain, it is admissible to prove the substance of the testimony he gave formerly. Mitchell v. State, 114 Ala. 1 and 2, 22 So. 71.'
Counsel for Washington strenuously objected to the use of the testimony of the absent witness. He emphasized the fact that counsel had been appointed only ten days before the first trial. There is a strong intimation that witness Jones had not been available for questioning before trial. It was pointed out that certain facts with respect to the conversation between Jones and Weshington had come to the attention of counsel which facts were unknown at the former trial. The following if from the objection:
'Now if he were here and if he testified in the same manner that he did before counsel feels that without question in certain respects I could impeach him.' 'As a matter of fact, I would think that in all probability his testimony is the most damaging testimony that appears anywhere in this record, and we feel that in a case of this character, of this importance, that to deprive the defendant, who has appointed counsel now and who had appointed counsel at that time, to deprive him of the right to cross-examine that witness in the light of recently discovered facts, recently discovered witnesses and recently discovered evidence, would work a hardship on the defense.'


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Featured Memorial | Jack Larson
Jack Larson Obituary
2/8/1928 - 9/20/2015| Visit Guest Book
Jack Larson (Everett Collection)
Jack Larson, the actor who played the eager cub reporter Jimmy Olsen on TV's "Adventures of Superman," has died. He was 87.
Larson died Sept. 20 at his home in Brentwood, California. The cause of death was not immediately released.
Before his most notable television role, Larson had small parts in several films, including "Fighter Squadron," "On the Loose," "Starlift," "Battle Zone" and "Man Crazy."
His role as Jimmy Olsen resulted in typecasting, as he went on to play guest-starring roles on other TV programs when not playing the reporter character in other Superman-related television programs.
He later gave up acting and found a new career as a playwright.
Asked later about his typecasting, Larson said he felt "completely at peace with that. You are blessed in life if you can give people pleasure and happiness. That's all I've ever tried to do with my work.
"If I've learned anything from my career, it's that you don't really know the value of what you're doing. So, you had better do your best with whatever is at hand. You never know what will outlive you."
Larson was preceded in death by his life partner, the Academy Award-nominated screenwriter and director James Bridges, whose credits included "The China Syndrome" and "The Paper Chase." Bridges died in 1993.
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- Gale Mc D. (Paterson, NJ)
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Searching Hard for Mugabe's Conscience
Humanizing Mugabe
A new off-Broadway play seeks to locate Robert Mugabe's conscience, reports James Kirchick.
James Kirchick
Updated Apr. 14, 2017 1:04PM ET / Published Jan. 19, 2014 6:45AM ET
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Most people would not suspect Robert Mugabe of harboring a guilty conscience. The 89-year-old President of Zimbabwe has ruled the southern African nation for 34 years, making him one of the world's longest-serving leaders. The results of his misbegotten reign form a uniquely depressing catalog in the annals of post-colonial Africa: the erstwhile "jewel" and "breadbasket" of the continent, Zimbabwe has descended from a net exporter of food into a groveling recipient of humanitarian aid.
A land that once boasted the highest literacy rates in all of Africa is now bereft of its professional class, most of which has scattered to neighboring South Africa or Great Britain, its former colonial master. Mugabe, who came into office promising reconciliation after a long civil war, now rules by intimidation and violence. He regularly steals elections and imprisons those opponents he doesn't kill.
Could any of these depravities be weighing on the old man? This is the conceit of "Breakfast with Mugabe," a one-act production by British playwright Fraser Grace currently playing off-Broadway at the Lion Theatre in New York. Originally performed in 2005 by the Royal Shakespeare Company, "Breakfast with Mugabe" takes its inspiration from a newspaper item, perhaps apocryphal, that the Zimbabwean dictator had once consulted a white psychiatrist for depression. This is a provocative, if challenging, premise for a play, as it pairs a very public figure with a fictional character as dramatis personae. In an intense 100 minutes, we come face-to-face with the African leader who inspires, perhaps more than any other, equal parts hatred and loyalty.
Andrew Peric is a white doctor with a liberal conscience. He served as a medic—not a soldier—during the war of liberation against the white minority regime of pre-independence Rhodesia, is married to a black woman, and works with black patients in the country's rural north.
One day, he is summoned to State House, the president's palace in the capital Harare, by Mugabe's much-younger wife, Grace, a notorious figure in her own right. Working as a secretary in Mugabe's office, Grace won the president's affections while his widely beloved wife Sally died of kidney failure. The Marie Antoinette of Zimbabwe, who rose from poverty to betrothed of the most powerful man in the country, she is known for lavish, international shopping sprees.
Grace tells Peric, "The President of Zimbabwe is afraid of his own shadow." He is being haunted by an Ngozi, she claims, an evil spirit in the tradition of Mugabe's majority Shona tribe. The man who appears resolute and forceful in public is, behind closed doors, cowering in fear. Rather than seek a traditional witch doctor, she has persuaded her reluctant husband, a man defined by the fight against colonialism, to seek the advice of a white doctor.
Peric is intrigued by the task, and not so implicit in his agreeing to work with the president is the promise that he may get something more in return than the mere professional satisfaction of healing a president-for-life. The play takes place in October 2001, not long after Mugabe succumbed to the demands of an amorphous group of thugs known as the "war veterans" to forcefully seize white-owned farms.
The war veterans, comprised both of former combatants in the war against white minority rule and hangers-on, began occupying the farms in 2000, carrying out violence not just against white landowners but also the many, many more black farm workers. Peric's farm, we find out early in the play, has been targeted for such an occupation, and Mugabe hints that the situation will be resolved to Peric's benefit should he cure him of his Ngozi.
Though the play's setting is over a decade-old, the story seems painfully fresh. That's largely because the political situation in Zimbabwe, though not as dire as it was in the immediate aftermath of the farm seizures, remains depressingly the same. Mugabe is still in firm control and still ruling with an iron-fist. The play's enduring relevance is also attributable to the persistence of the suspicion and fraught power dynamics that exist between black and white.
For a period, Peric appears to be in control of the older, ruthless president, peppering him with questions and accusations more in the form of a prosecutor than a therapist (Grace obviously takes some liberties here in depicting the therapeutic process, which frankly doesn't make for compelling drama). Though it is riveting to see a fictionalized Mugabe sweat profusely under Peric's sharp questions, he eventually rises from his self-pity in an act of remarkable cruelty.
Mugabe, we discover, isn't troubled by the many repressive aspects of his rule, but rather the ruthless ways he sidelined comrades in his struggle to become leader of the country's black independence movement. The violent seizures of white-owned land, which gained significant attention in the Western press, are only briefly alluded to; Mugabe never evinces even a scintilla of doubt about what consequences might entail from removing experienced farmers and replacing them with political hacks. There is no mention of the wide scale crackdowns on the press and (mostly black) political opposition. Nor is there any reference to the Gukurahundi, the massacre of some 25,000 members of the minority Ndebele tribe, which Mugabe perpetrated with North Korean-trained troops.
The Ngozi, rather, stems from an earlier set of betrayals, leaving us to believe that Mugabe is left utterly cold by the vast array of human rights abuses committed to stay in power. This seems to be an accurate reading of the man, who justifies everything he does, even against his fellow blacks, by conjuring the phantom menace of "colonialism."
Michael Rogers is powerful and commanding as Mugabe (in a post-show talkback with the audience, Rogers revealed his distaste for media "propaganda" about Mugabe, a clue to the convincingness of his performance). Rosalyn Coleman plays Grace with appropriately regal demeanor, and the audience is left with the feeling that she is a woman more complex than the typical, cartoonish characterization of the dictator's wife. Grace—once reported to have said, "I only wear Ferragamo"—is here rendered more compelling than other figures of the genre, like that other shoe-loving dictator's wife, Imelda Marcos (herself the subject of a recent musical penned by David Byrne and Fatboy Slim). Ezra Barnes is magnificent as the earnest Dr. Peric, the only fault in his performance being the accent, which, with its broad, rather than clipped, vowels, sounds Australian rather than that of a third-generation white Rhodesian. This quibble aside, "Breakfast with Mugabe" offers food for thought.
Breakfast with Mugabe is at Theater Row, 410 West 42nd Street, New York, until March 1.


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North and Saint West Faked Kim Kardashian's Death to Trick Kanye West For April Fool's Day
By Riley Cardoza
Chicago West, Kanye West, Saint West, Kim Kardashian and North West. Courtesy Kim Kardashia/Instagram
This is extreme. North and Saint West faked mom Kim Kardashian's death to trick their dad, Kanye West, on April Fool's Day.
North West's Fabulous Life
"[North] took ketchup into my bathroom, and she begged me to let her spread it on me and on the bathroom as if it was like a bad scary movie," the KKW Beauty creator, 38, told Elle on Wednesday, April 3. "Then she asked me to lie down. I thought she was just playing, maybe that she was going to say I was hurt. No."
The reality star added: "She taught Saint how to fake-cry — she showed him how to do it! — and then she told him to scream, 'Mommy's dead!' Kanye ran upstairs and he was like, 'Kids, this is not funny. This is not a good prank.'"
Kim Kardashian's Greatest Quotes About Motherhood
While the Selfish author agreed with her husband, 41, she admitted, "It did make me a little impressed that they planned something together, and they were getting along and having fun as a team."
North, 5, and Saint, 3, who are older siblings to 15-month-old Chicago, played more than one prank on Tuesday, April 1.
"My kids got me!" the Keeping Up With the Kardashians star wrote on her Instagram Story that day. "#AprilFools."
In the spooky shot, her plate of pancakes, fresh fruit and two pieces of meat was covered in fake spiders and other plastic bugs.
Kim Kardashian and Kanye West's Sweetest Moments With Their Kids
Kardashian has opened up in the past about her elder two children not getting along. In fact, in August 2017, the E! personality told Ryan Seacrest, "[North] does not like her brother."
She continued, "It's so hard for me. I thought it was like OK, a couple of months, she's just warming up to it. She gets so jealous when I would breast-feed and all that kind of stuff. Now the phase isn't going away."


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Celebrating Peace in Costa Rica
Costa Rica celebrates an important annual holiday each December 1 to commemorate the historic disarmament and dissolving of its military army as a national institution. On December 1, 1948, President José Figueres Ferrer abolished the military of Costa Rica after victory in the civil war that year. In a ceremony in the Cuartel Bellavista, Figueres broke a wall with a hammer symbolizing the end of Costa Rica's military organization and a commitment to peace. In 1949, the abolition of the military was introduced in Article 12 of the Costa Rican Constitution. The budget previously dedicated to the military is now invested in health care, education and culture. The museum, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, was placed in the Cuartel Bellavista as a symbol of commitment to culture. Educational opportunities continue to expand and thrive. Preventative health care guides medicine, and literacy rates, including cyber literacy, are high. Creative and progressive solutions and inspiring negotiations create successful conflict resolution strategies.
Costa Rica is known as the most stable, modern country in Central America- the country with no army that proves that quality of life and a culture of happiness and progress is more likely when a country chooses to not have an armed force in place. Peace and disarmament leads to changes in focus for funding, systems development, and quality of life for everyone. Costa Rica maintains small, distinct forces for law enforcement and foreign peacekeeping, but has no permanent standing army. Law enforcement is solidly in place and no armed forces have been necessary to maintain peace and cultural progress. These changes allowed Costa Rica to prioritize health care, education and cultural celebration as the most vital and robust services for increased happiness and quality of life. With the financial gains of demilitarization, Costa Rica has not only invested in the people, but has also begun to transform the local ecosystem into a flourishing and more healing habitat. Approximately 25% of our landscape in ecological reserves and national parks is protected.
For 20 years, Café Milagro has offered the freshest and finest coffee and food in a vibrant environment in the heart of Manuel Antonio. Come visit us on your next Costa Rica vacation!
#peace in costa rica
#paz de costa rica
#costa rica
#manuel antonio restaurant
#costa rica coffee
#cafe milgaro


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Tech company signs office lease for expansion in Santa Clara
October 7, 2021 Bibiam Beyene Local Technology
Fungible has struck a deal to greatly expand its headquarters in Santa Clara through a new office lease, the property's owner said Wednesday.
The data and storage technologies company has leased 66,100 square feet at 3201 Scott Blvd. in Santa Clara, Drawbridge Realty, the building landlord, said.
Fungible was able to greatly expand its footprint in the building, growing from roughly 46,000 square feet to its new occupancy of the entire 66,100-square-foot site.
Juniper Networks co-founder and former chief scientist Pradeep Sindhu and former Apple software engineering executive Bertrand Serlet co-founded Fungible. Fungible has raised more than $300 million in funding from investors.
The two-story building that Fungible leased is at the corner of Scott Boulevard and San Tomas Expressway.
The tech company also is now a direct tenant as a result of the deal. Previously, Fungible had occupied space at the site through a sublease from another tech firm.
"We're delighted to provide Fungible with a seamless transition from sublessee to direct tenant," said Bill Doyle, senior vice president of investments with Drawbridge Realty. "We were able to work closely with senior management to provide the type of facility they need to continue their planned growth trajectory."
Mask mandate: Bay Area health officials to announce criteria for lifting requirement
Pfizer asks authorization to FDA for its Covid-19 vaccine for children 5 to 11


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Discover more world class research at UEA
Research with us
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Behavioural and Experimental Economics
A behavioural economic analysis of agricultural investment decisions in Uganda
Are labour statistics and analysis sensitive to the survey method
Money burning, envy and development
The effects of malaria treatment on worker productivity in Nigeria using a randomized intervention
School management in Uganda using a randomized intervention
The role of aspiration using Young Lives long term panel data for India
Health service delivery in Ethiopia and Rwanda
Reconciling Biodiversity and Development through Direct Payments for Conservation (ReDirect)
Linking migration, reproduction and wellbeing
Beyond access: gender, education and development
Gender equality in education
Migration and Collectives/Networks as Pathways out of Poverty. Gendered Vunerabilities and Capabilitie Amongst Poor Fishing Communitities in Asia
Globalisation and CSR
Global Environmental Justice
Public Response to Changing Patterns of Disease Risk
Seasonal Environmental Hazards
Climatic Hazards, Health Risk and Response in Developing Countries
The economic and social effects of care dependence in later life
Life Course, Migration and Wellbeing
Pensions, health and wellbeing of older people in low and middle income countries
Impact of HIV/AIDS on rural livelihoods in East Africa
The World Health Organisation Survey on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE)
The State, Governance and Conflict
Reports and Policy papers
InternationalDevelopment/
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Gender/
International Gender Conference: Panels and Convenors/
1. Indigenous Gender Relations and the impact of migration, industry and globalisation
Convenors: Emma Gilberthorpe (e.gilberthorpe@uea.ac.uk) and Maria Abranches (m.abranches@uea.ac.uk)
This panel will examine the impact of globalisation on indigenous gender relations with a specific concern for how diverse indigenous systems respond to, articulate and are affected by various processes of globalisation. We examine the impacts of localised processes of industrialisation – focusing on issues such as gender disadvantage, inheritance, resource access; and of migration – focusing on remittances, identity and power. The aim of the panel is to draw some wider conclusions about the impact of industrial expansion, migration and globalisation more broadly on issues of gender inequality.
2. Education/learning and changing aspirations
Convenors: Sheila Aikman (sheila.aikman@uea.ac.uk) and Anna Robinson-Pant (a.robinson-pant@uea.ac.uk)
This panel will examine gender relations and gendered aspirations for education in the current national and international policy context of intense student testing and the production of league tables in the formal sector, alongside increasing recognition that informal and lifelong learning are key to gaining new knowledge and skills to engage in rapidly transforming economies and technologies. Expectations for education (usually meaning schooling) to promote national economic development, lead to access to the job market and increase individual productivity, has today translated into a focus on how to achieve improved learning, measured in terms of testing through a narrow curriculum of mathematics and language/literacy (World Bank 2010; UNESCO 2014).
In this Panel we will consider the gap experienced by many girls and young women between their aspirations and expectations of education/schooling and their lives and opportunities outside of school. A policy focus on 'girls' as a marginalised group is still strong, but there is increasing recognition of ways in which girls' educational opportunities, aspirations and experiences are influenced by the interplay of structural conditions and inequalities linked to their ethnicity, ability or economic situation. There is also growing understanding of learning outside formal institutions - how adult women and men have different learning opportunities in everyday life due to gendered expectations around mobility, migration, employment and social spaces. The Panel will also ask about the ways in which gendered relations and identities are constructed in and through educational discourses and practices, and how structural inequalities can be maintained and challenged considering curriculum design and implementation, pedagogical practices and relationships.
3. "Gender Equality" norms, moblilisation and policy change
Ben Jones (B.W.Jones@uea.ac.uk) and Nitya Rao (n.rao@uea.ac.uk)
a) "Gender equality" as a global norms among different donors
Convenor: Ben Jones (B.W.Jones@uea.ac.uk)
The proposed panel looks at how different aid donors, old and new, each with different institutional histories, approach the issue of gender equality. The papers in the panel are organised around the following premises:
That international development cooperation is increasingly characterized by heterogeneous development organizations.
That international development aid is subject to increasing attempts to organize, align, and coordinate the ways in which 'development' is conceived and practiced.
That gender equality, as part of the Millennium Development Goals and beyond, is particularly affected by the heterogeneous nature of development organizations.
The panel brings together new comparative research on gender activities in very different old and new donor organizations, including the World Bank, the Gates Foundation, OXFAM and Islamic Relief. These organizations have publicly endorsed or supported the Millennium Development Goals, at least in theory declaring adherence to global norms of gender equality and women's empowerment. At the same time, they also reflect the diversity of development cooperation, and as such present different 'local' interpretations of global norms.
b) "Gender Equality" as policy and practice among NGOs and foundations
Convenors: Ben Jones (B.W.Jones@uea.ac.uk) and Lata Narayanaswamy (L.Narayanaswamy@leeds.ac.uk)
This panel continues the themes of the opening panel, and extends the discussion into looking at the work of NGOs and foundations. Key concerns will be with the professionalization of 'gender' within organisations, and the different biographies of different development organisations. There are three themes:
1. Gender as a sphere of contestation within NGOs, where different actors within organisations take different views on the subject of gender as both policy and practise.
2. Gender as something that is professionalised and instrumentalised around the "traditional" issue of health and the public sector
3. Gender as something taken up by foundations and their "new" development encounters with the hard sciences and the private sector
Each of the three papers draws from a particular case study. While the cases differ in focus – two looking at international NGOs, one looking at a major foundation – they draw on similar bodies of evidence. A central concern is the way gender becomes a terrain of activity that has to make sense of organisational cultures, while also coming back, again and again, to the idea of gender as something more radical.
c) Gender(ed) Knowledge and Professionalisation in Development: Interrogating dominant 'ways of knowing'
Convenor: Lata Narayanaswamy (L.Narayanaswamy@leeds.ac.uk)
Gender and development, initially a subversive response to the gender-blindness of mainstream development, has itself become a transnational discourse and has, as a result, generated its own elite elements (see for example, Alvarez, 1998; Amadiume, 2000; Monasterios, 2007). And whilst concerns around the professionalisation of development discourse, and the concomitant bureaucratization its uptake in mainstream discourse has entailed continue to be debated (see for example Goetz and Sandler, 2007; Mukhopadhyay, 2009; 2013), there is a need to reflect on the nature of current gender and development discourse and practice, and its relative inclusivity/exclusivity to different individuals/groups occupying diverse discursive and/or geographical locations. The professionalisation of gender and development discourse has, as Nagar (2006) contends, tended to align itself with neoliberal development imperatives. There is also a concomitant tendency to exclude, as the Sangtin Writers (2006) have suggested, (perhaps most notably through the professionalisation of the discourse and the use of the English language) those people on the margins who most often suffer the starkest material consequences of (gender-blind) development shortcomings.
The issues that this panel seeks to engage are: Whose knowledge counts in the discourse and practice of gender and development? What does the 'professionalisation' of gender and development discourse and practice look like? What mechanisms exist to tap into and/or codify 'alternative' feminist, subaltern or marginalised views, narratives or paradigms, if indeed these exist and/or could be found?
This panel would seek both theoretical and methodological contributions that engage with notions of subaltern, feminist, and/or alternative development knowledge(s).
d) Feminist mobilisation and Policy Change
Convenors: Nitya Rao (n.rao@uea.ac.uk) and Paola Cagna (cagna@unrisd.org)
The past two decades have seen the rise of gender equality as policy and advocacy priority across the world, at national and international levels: violence against women, domestic workers' rights, access to land and property, women's political participation, SRHRs and many other issues have been widely advocated and often states have responded to such claims with new policies and laws. However, women's advocacy and mobilisation has often focused on certain issues, while there is little advocacy on others, despite their centrality to women's lives and well-being. Again, some countries may be leaders in some areas of gender equality, but laggards in others. For instance, in some cases, it has been easier to adopt quotas systems in national assemblies than to challenge customary practices and laws governing marriage, divorce, property rights and inheritance.
The road to achieve the adoption of new legal frameworks sees state actors – parties, politicians, ministers, femocrats, government officers - negotiating over the content of new policies. It also involves non-state actors such as women's movements and other civil society organisations, as well as social media, in a long process of negotiation and articulation of the key claims to be advocated in the policy arena. Little, however, is known about such processes of claims-making. This panel aims at exploring some of these processes and negotiations: how are claims articulated? Why are certain issues left out from the policy agenda of movements and states, while others become priorities? What are the factors and conditions under which non-state actors, including social media, can effectively trigger and influence policy change?
4. Gender Inequality, Consumption and Changing Identities
a) Consuming gender
Convenor: Cecile Jackson (cecile.jackson@uea.ac.uk)
Gender analysis frameworks have prioritised relations of production and reproduction in approaching gender inequalities. This panel however considers relations of consumption and how these reflect and influence gender inequalities.
In anthropology, consumption is analysed through the manner in which goods speak of identities and social orders, and things express social relations, whilst the processes and entailments of commoditisation are problematized. How then are gender identities and hierarchies expressed through goods? How are gender relations experienced and manifested through goods? How do money and markets refigure gender relations? Where people are increasingly familiar with the consumption of global others, are goods a principal means through which exclusion is now experienced, and how does this vary with gender identities?
Contributions are sought which investigate the changing character of consumption in developing countries and analyse the implications of this for gender identities, relations and well-being outcomes.
b) Intersectionality and inequalities
Convenors: Cecile Jackson (cecile.jackson@uea.ac.uk) and Nitya Rao (n.rao@uea.ac.uk)
How gender identities interact with those of class, age, religion and ethnicity in polarising worlds is the focus of this panel. We are interested in the fragmentations of gender categories by other identities, and the solidarities built across them. And we wonder about how the experiences and perceptions of women and men navigating inequalities, finding opportunities for social mobility and building well-being are refiguring these multiple identities and their relative salience in everyday lives. The old class-gender studies of the 1980s have diversified to include other intersecting identities, and these how interactions shape the experience of inequality feels increasingly relevant, and challenging to policy.
d) Rethinking the politics of promoting gender equality: the importance of informal institutions and political settlements
Convenors: Sohela Nazneen (sohela.nazneen@gmail.com) and Sam Hickey (Sam.hickey@manchester.ac.uk)
Recent advances within feminist political theory and development studies suggest strong grounds for rethinking the politics of promoting gender equity. This panel sets out new thinking on how 'informal institutions' and 'political settlements' shape the ways in which women gain political inclusion, how they are able to exercise agency and how gender equity concerns are both promoted and resisted. Political settlements, which reflect the balance of power between contending social groups, shape the ways in which both formal and informal institutions develop and function and provide the incentive structures that shape elite behaviour. The value of these new approaches will be illustrated through the findings of a comparative research project on how political settlements shaped the promotion and implementation of legislation against domestic violence in Bangladesh, Ghana, Rwanda and Uganda. The findings strongly suggest that different kinds of political settlements, which in developing countries in particular include a powerful role for 'informal institutions', create distinctive opportunities and constraints for the promotion of gender equity policies. This has important implications for all key political and policy actors involved in this, particularly women's movements at international and national levels, women/feminist MPs and bureaucrats and international donors.
5. Labour markets, microfinance and women's empowerment
Sara Connolly (sara.connolly@uea.ac.uk) and Maren Duvendack (m.duvendack@uea.ac.uk)
a) Gender and inequality in a (post) crisis global economy
Convenors: Sara Connolly (sara.connolly@uea.ac.uk) and Ruth Pearson (r.pearson@leeds.ac.uk)
The contradictions between post crisis economic growth and the rise in income and class inequality has important implications for the (de)reconstitution of gender relations. Whilst the IFIs focus on increasing women's labour force participation as a route to economic empowerment for women and generating economic growth, it is clear that other factors including labour market (de)regulation, migration, employment insecurity, the withdrawal of the state's role in social security and protection, the rise of self-employment and the increasing challenges of child and elderly care offer substantial challenges to the achievement of gender equality as national economies and international economic relations are transformed in response to the recent "credit - crunch" and subsequent austerity policies. Papers are invited which address any aspect of this topic.
b) Microfinance, women's empowerment and poverty reduction
Convenor: Maren Duvendack (m.duvendack@uea.ac.uk)
Microfinance has often been heralded as a silver bullet to reduce poverty and empower women. More than a hundred million people living in poverty, mainly women, have been given access to loans, savings, insurances, remittances and other financial services. Given the explosive growth of the sector over the last two decades numerous critics have risen to prominence debating the impact of microfinance on poverty reduction as well as the extent to which targeted financial services can empower women. In recent years the emphasis of microfinance has moved away from its main development rationale of reducing poverty and empowering women to a more inclusive finance agenda. This panel will discuss the implications of this changing environment microfinance now operates in regarding gender relations and its renewed potential for poverty reduction.
6. Environmental/climatic change and gendered inequalities
Convenor: Geraldine Terry (g.terry@uea.ac.uk)
On multiple levels, gendered inequalities permeate the social dynamics which shape responsibilities, vulnerability and adaptive capacity in relation to environmental/climatic change. We are interested in empirical studies, from a range of disciplines, which enhance understanding of the complex interactions among gendered inequalities and environmental/climatic change in development contexts. They could address the following questions: In what ways are gendered economic and social inequalities implicated in environmental/climatic change at different scales? How do they shape household and community-level coping and adaptation choices in low-income settings, and who are the winners and losers? Does the impact of environmental/climate change inevitably deepen existing inequalities, or are there any examples of transformational responses involving reduced inequality? What parts do gender ideologies and contestations, subjective gendered identities and the social institutions that inform everyday practices play in these processes? Papers which concentrate on developing, strengthening or challenging theoretical frameworks are also invited.
7. Gender and Violence
Convenor: Colette Harris (colette.harris@soas.ac.uk)
Today's increasing inequalities appear to produce attitudes and encourage behaviour, particularly among men, that facilitate participation in violence. This has been shown to be strongly tied to masculinities. The most unequal settings tend to privilege the most aggressive forms of masculinity and the inequalities manifest themselves further in a significant tendency to impose harsh penalties for belonging to a minority racial/ethnic/religious/sexual group as well as strong class barriers. While women commit violence at a much lower level than men, studies suggest that inequalities also play a role here although not in the same way; to date insufficient research on gender and women's violence has been carried out to draw any conclusions about the relationship of femininity and violence.
Contributions are sought that – from a range of disciplinary perspectives – investigate the influence of the global increase in inequalities on the relationship of violence to masculinities and femininities in public/street and/or private/domestic settings and analyse the implications of this for gender identities and relations.
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America's third largest city fosters a very unique persona with a wild and colorful history that has earned it a string of nicknames: Second City, Chi-Town, and of course, Windy City. Countless songs have been written about it, a legendary musical group is named after it, plays are based on it, and many movies and television shows are set in it. Yes, it's Chicago – and it's an amazing city to rent a luxury apartment.
Even if you don't rent an apartment near the Loop, North Side, or Magnificent Mile, the Chicago Pedway is a six-mile system of underground and indoor pedestrian walkways that you can access from the Red and Blue El Lines, as well as the Metra. It connects many iconic Chicago shopping destinations, including the Macy's that replaced the iconic Marshall Field's on State Street.
Chicago is a very pedestrian-friendly city, complete with the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA)'s "L" trains. The Metra commuter train is also available and widely used. Travelers can also take buses or participate in the city's bicycle-share program, or they can hop on a trolley. For longer trips, O'Hare International Airport is available. For car travel, residents can take I-90 or I-290.
Settled in the 1780s, it's possible that Chicago was explored as early as 1679 -- when the first reference to the city was made by Robert de LaSalle, a French explorer who focused on the Great Lakes Region. He wrote about a place called "Checagou" in his memoir, where he claimed the name came from the "quantity of garlic which grows in the forests."
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Mid-Hudson Antislavery History Project
Was My House on the Underground Railroad?
2007 Underground Railroad Research
Using Music to Teach Abolitionist History
Abolitionists and Free Produce
Dutchess Antislavery Singers
Next Meeting of MHAHP on June 10th; All Invited !
by Peter Bunten
The next meeting of the Mid-Hudson Antislavery History Project will be held as follows:
First Congregational Church
269 Mill Street, Poughkeepsie
If you have an interest in the history of slavery and antislavery in the Mid-Hudson region,
Please join us!
At the meeting we will be providing updates of recent programs and a look ahead at some new ideas. Included will be information on the following:
Ø New MHAHP website information
Ø Report on a recent discovery of an important anti-slavery history poster
Ø MHAHP's participation in the Network to Freedom Underground Railroadconference and New York State Fair
Ø Progress report on planning for a new memorial in Poughkeepsie recognizing thelives and contributions of enslaved and free African-Americans
Will Tatum, Dutchess County Historian, will report on the new digital tool to research the county's early history
Ø Long-range planning – countywide and locally: our ideas … AND YOURS! Please join us and bring your questions and ideas!!!RSVP or if you need more info, please contact
Peter Bunten at palexb711@gmail.com or call at 301-335-0196.
Underground Railroad Consortium to Co-Sponsor 2019 Network to Freedom Workshop
The National Park Service Network to Freedom program, held bi-annually, will take place this year from September 11-14, in Niagara Falls, NY. This year's program is being co-hosted by the Underground Railroad Consortium of New York State, the Niagara Falls Heritage Area, Niagara Falls Underground Railroad Heritage Center, and the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH).
The Mid-Hudson Antislavery History Project is a founding member of the Consortium and is participating in the planning for the program.
This year's program theme is "Crossings: Bridging the Authentic Underground Railroad Past to Present." The four day training will feature renowned speakers, panel discussions, an exhibit hall, and tours of local museums and historic sites. The program will move away from the normal format of research papers and instead focus on training participants in how to conduct Underground Railroad research and programming for their respective sites. The NTF Program Committee welcomes proposals for case study presentations. The deadline for proposals is May 31, 2019.
For more information, including the Call for Proposals and the submission process, please go to: https://www.npa.gov/orgs/1205/professional-development.htm.
4th Annual Lorraine M. Roberts Lecture
The Black History Project Committee of the Mid-Hudson Heritage Center
invites you to the
4th Annual Lorraine M. Roberts Memorial Lecture
Segregation Stress Syndrome:
Elderly African American survivors of Jim Crow, the long term impacts of racial violence, and the intergenerational transmission of trauma
Professor Ruth Thompson-Miller
Visiting Associate Professor of Sociology at Vassar College
Mid-Hudson Heritage Center
@ The Trolley Barn
489 Main Street in Poughkeepsie
Ruth Thompson-Miller is Visiting Associate Professor of sociology at Vassar College. Her research specializations are race and ethnicity, mental illness, and the elderly. She received the American Sociological Association (ASA)–National Institute of Mental Health–Minority Fellowship.
She is the co-author of four books, including: Jim Crow's Legacy: The Lasting Impact of Segregation; Systemic Racism: Making Liberty, Justice, and Democracy Real; Not Your Grandmother's Movement: Civil Rights and Black Lives Matter; and Please Don't Shoot: Children, Police Violence, and Trauma. She is the co-author of chapters in Counseling Psychology, Sociology of Racial and Ethnic Relations, and Violence Against Women.
Lorraine Roberts was the founding President of the Black History Project Committee and proudly served the committee and community until her passing in 2015. The Black History Project Committee of the Mid-Hudson Heritage Center continues to honor her legacy with the fourth annual lecture in her name.
Free public event, donations encouraged.
MHAHP To Present at Center for Lifetime Study
MHAHP will be presenting a four-session class on the topic of "Slavery, Antislavery and the Underground Railroad in the Mid-Hudson Region" for the Center for Lifetime Study (CLS). The Center is part of the continuing education program of Marist College in Poughkeepsie, New York.
The class will examine the history of slavery, antislavery activities, and the Underground Railroad in the Mid- Hudson Valley. There will be one class devoted to slave resistance, which will examine closely the fugitives – 'freedom seekers' – who ran away from their owners. Other areas to be covered include how this local history fit within the broader national history of slavery and antislavery; the build-up to the Civil War and post-Civil War attitudes toward the emancipated men and women; and the legacy of enslavement in America. The evidence and myths surrounding the Underground Railroad will also be examined.
The sessions run on four successive Tuesdays beginning April 2.
The Marist Center for Lifetime Study provides opportunities for intellectual and cultural exploration and development for men and women of retirement age. CLS provides a rewarding experience of learning and fellowship in a relaxed atmosphere without exams or grades. Currently, 650 members enjoy courses, trips, and social events held in various locations.
LibertyCon 2019 Upcoming in New York's Capital Region
The 18th annual Underground Railroad History Conference will be held March 29-31, sponsored by the Underground Railroad History Project of the Capital Region. The theme of this year's conference is Seeking Sanctuaty – Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness. Programs will be held at Siena College and the Stephen and Harriet Myers Residence. The program will include a variety of workshops, round tables, exhibits, vendors, an art exhibition, and raffle. Attendees are encouraged to come in period attire.
For complete information on the conference, please go to URHPCR website, at https://undergroundrailroadhistory.org/conference.
MHAHP Joins with Historic Hudson Valley for Teacher Workshop on Slavery
The MHAHP and Historic Hudson Valley – which runs several historic sites in Westchester County – will lead a workshop for teachers at the upcoming annual conference of the National Council for History Education. Exploring Runaway Art: New Strategies for Teaching About Enslavement, addresses the need for more teaching and learning about enslavement in American history. Workshop participants will explore 18th-century runaway slave advertisements, primary-source documents which indicate the size and scope of enslavement in the North – and also serve as documentation of acts of resistance taken by individuals in response to enslavement. Through Document analysis, critical thinking, and creative response, participants will gain confidence in engaging with this difficult but critical content.
The Runaway Artcurriculum was developed by HHV and the Center for Arts Education and has been used in dozens of New York City schools, reaching over 10,000 students. Margaret Hughes, HHV's Associate Director of Education, and Peter Bunten of MHAHP will lead the workshop. The Annual Conference of NCHE takes place March 14-16 in Washington, DC. For the full NCHE program, go to https://www.nche.net/files/DC%20Program.pdf. The full Runaway Artcurriculum is available at Historic Hudson Valley, https://hudsonvalley.org/program/runaway-art.
African-American Burial Ground Reveals Larger Communities of Color In Dutchess County
Bill Jeffway, Director of the Dutchess County Historical Society, has recently reported on the results of new research on pre-Civil War African-American communities of color in the town of Milan. His report, first published by the New York State Museum in December, 2018, notes that the research led to the identification of a segregated burial ground.
Two burial grounds in Milan for African-Americans had been known prior to the current research. One location is a half-acre section in the cemetery of the adjacent town of Rhinebeck, set aside in 1853 for the burial of paupers and persons of color. A second location for burial of persons of color was found through oral history and newspaper accounts. It is located at the southeast corner of Yeoman's cemetery. Recent research has now located a third likely burial place, known locally as "Turkey Hill".
"To find evidence of the remains of these individuals … is challenging," writes Mr. Jeffway, "because of the early 19th century practice … of burying persons of color not only separately, but with temporary or no markers."
You can read the full article on Mr. Jeffway's LinkedIn at
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/rural-african-american-burial-ground-discovery-valley-bill-jeffway.
A New Proposal for Teaching About Slavery in America
In early 2018, a group of educators and museum professional met to discuss the inadequacies of how the United States' history of slavery was being taught in schools and interpreted in museums. The National Summit on Teaching Slavery, as it was called, was sponsored by James Madison's Montpelier and the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and held at Montpelier. Out of the conference came a new model for teaching about slavery:
Engaging Descendant Communities in the interpretation of slavery at museums and historic sites: A Rubric of Best Practices Established by the National Summit on Teaching Slavery.
The "Rubric," as it is called, was issued 25 October 2018. In the words of the document, "the Rubric builds a scalable methodology that sites can utilize to rate themselves as they engage descendant communities in their work. It contains concrete steps to ensure high-quality research, make connections and maintain relationships with descendants, and create inclusive, and accurate and empathetic exhibits and programs. It gives museums a place from which to start addressing difficult themes and traumatic legacies of slavery. Most importantly, the Rubric insists sites work with descendants of the enslaved at every step to ensure that they are interpreting slavery in a manner that is effective, informative, and respectful of the experiences of the millions of men, women, and children who were enslaved."
For more information about the Rubric, the Summit, and Montpelier, go to
https://www.montpelier.org/learn/tackling-difficult-history.
HVFCU Provides Major Support for Upcoming Missouri Compromise Program
Hudson Valley Federal Credit Union has provided a generous grant in support of the upcoming public program on James Tallmadge and the Missouri Crisis of 1819-1821. The program — jointly sponsored by the MHAHP, the Office of the Dutchess County Historian, and the Stanford Historical Society — will be held on Sunday, February 10th, at BANGALLWORKS, a coworking and community space, in Bangall, New York. Our featured speaker is John R. Van Atta, whose most recent book, Wolf By the Ears, is the latest analysis of this important episode in the history of slavery and antislavery reaction in the United States.
Particularly relevant is the fact that the original amendment to Missouri's request for admission as a state — an amendment that would have banned slavery there – came from James A. Tallmadge, Jr., of Stanfordville, New York. The introduction of the amendment and the ensuing firestorm of controversy it created shows how widespread and volatile the issue of slavery was in our country at that time.
"The credit union is pleased to help sponsor this event," said Lisa Morris, Assistant Vice President for Public Relations and Corporate Communications. "As a company committed to diversity, we're happy to raise awareness of this important connection Dutchess County has to a historic milestone."
The program begins at 1:30pm, and is free. The Merritt Bookstore will be selling copies of Wolf by the Ears for our speaker to sign.
Please join us!!!
200th Anniversary Commemoration of the Missouri Crisis
When A Dutchess County Congressman Nearly Provoked a Civil War: Revisiting the Missouri Crisis of 1819-1821
97 Hunns Lake Road, Bangall, NY
Future home of BANGALLWORKS, a coworking & community building space.
Adjacent to the Bangall Post Office and Bullis Hall in the center of Bangall
On February 13, 1819, Congressman James Tallmadge, Jr, of Stanford introduced an amendment to bring Missouri into the Union as a free state. Join us for the 200th anniversary commemoration of this historic moment in county and national history. What led Tallmadge to provoke a nationwide crisis? Why did pent-up feelings explode in 1819-1821—and not during earlier arguments over slavery? How could a nation struggling with the politically implacable issue of slavery hold the "wolf" by the ears?
Our guest speaker is John R. Van Atta, Ph.D. Mr. Van Atta is the Oaklawn Chair in American History at the Brunswick School in Greenwich, Connecticut, and is the author Wolf by the Ears: The Missouri Crisis, 1819-1821, the current defining volume on the Missouri Crisis. His other publications include Securing the West: Politics, Public Lands, and the Fate of the Old Republic, 1785-1850 and last year's Charging Up San Juan Hill: Theodore Roosevelt and the Making of Imperial America.
This program is jointly sponsored by the MHAHP, the office of the Dutchess County Historian, and the Stanford Historical Society.
Please join us for this important commemoration !!!!
We dedicate this site to one of our founders, Lorraine M. Roberts, who served as Treasurer from 2006 to 2014. We miss Lorraine's warm smile, her financial acumen, her energy and enthusiasm for local history, and her good common sense. Lorraine, a retired teacher, was active in many organizations and served as chair of the Black History Committee of the Dutchess County Historical Society. She was a light and inspiration to many in the Mid-Hudson Valley. We miss her greatly.
A tribute to Lorraine's life and her work in the community is posted
on the website of the Poughkeepsie Journal.
MHAHP, P.O. Box 3647, Arlington, NY 12603
* Peter Bunten, Chairman: palexb711@gmail.com
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269 Mill Street Poughkeepsie
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Learning Backward
NSF-funded research project aims to improve how students learn algebra
Have you ever learned something new only to realize that it's caused you to forget something old?
You're not alone, said Charles Hohensee, associate professor in the School of Education at the University of Delaware. The phenomenon, known as "backward transfer," is quite common, especially in math classrooms where prior knowledge acts as the foundation upon which new knowledge is built.
Consider how children in kindergarten learn about basic numbers, which becomes the foundation for arithmetic, followed by fractions, algebra, geometry and so forth — like rungs on a ladder. Like most teachers, Hohensee expected the new knowledge to supplement prior knowledge. But it didn't always work that way. In some instances, learning a new mathematical concept unintentionally hindered students' understanding of concepts taught earlier in the school year.
"Backward transfer in mathematics education has not been studied systematically," said Hohensee, who was awarded a $750,000 National Science Foundation (NSF) Faculty Early Career Development Program grant in 2017 to study backward transfer. "This research project will contribute to the field of mathematics education by expanding the application of knowledge transfer, moving it from only a forward focused direction to include, also, a backward focused direction."
During the first phase of the research project, Hohensee observed and interviewed four Algebra I classrooms and tested students' understanding of linear functions before and after the lessons on quadratic functions. Now in its second phase, the project is beginning to gradually scale up to develop and test new curriculum with students recruited from local high schools.
"This project may lead to new avenues for instructional improvement that could have far-reaching implications for mathematics teaching practices and curriculum design," said Hohensee.
The concept of backward transfer isn't new. But what is new is Hohensee's approach that backward transfer can manifest in both negative and positive ways. In other words, if new knowledge can hinder one's understanding of prior knowledge, then the opposite must also be true.
Hohensee first noticed this while researching how middle school algebra students learn about linear and quadratic functions. If your math is a little rusty, wax nostalgic for a moment about your first algebra class. At the beginning of the academic year, students typically learn about constant rates of change; these are linear functions, which appear on graphs as straight lines. Later in the school year, students learn about rates that change constantly, like throwing a ball into the air; these are quadratic functions, which appear on graphs as parabolas.
"Functions in general are challenging for students and teachers alike," said Hohensee. "Quadratic functions add a layer of complexity that many students struggle to comprehend. They may be able to answer some questions, but they don't have a great understanding of what these functions really are."
When students understand a function in purely abstract terms, Hohensee suggested, then there is a greater likelihood for backward transfer to hinder learning. To remedy this, Hohensee and his team of researchers, including two public school teachers and two graduate research assistants, are developing a prototype curriculum that conveys real-world scenarios involving quadratic functions using computer animations. Imagine playing a video game: your avatar is a soccer player, racing downfield against an opposing player. Each players' average speeds are shown below in a table of distances and times (average speed equals change in distance over change in time). Students study the changes in distance and time to see how the race plays out. When these variables are changing constantly, the motion becomes quadratic.
"We're giving students a more real application for mathematics and increased exposure to working with technology and mathematics," which provides educators with new tools for teaching algebra and may also help to narrow the achievement gap between low-income students and their wealthy peers, said Hohensee.
To test the effectiveness of the new curriculum, Hohensee recruited 18 high-performing students from disadvantaged high schools in Wilmington, Delaware, to take part in a two-week math workshop in the Willard Hall Education Building. As part of his recruitment effort, Hohensee arranged transportation to and from campus and provided a healthy breakfast and late-morning snack before dismissing the students at noon.
"What makes this project so exciting is that Charles is trying to do something very innovative with Algebra I," said Michelle Culley, a math teacher at Elkton High School in Maryland. With 30 years of teaching experience, Culley's feedback has been invaluable to the project. "It's about process, not lecture. There's a lot of class discussion and demonstrations by students as they work through these equations. I'm already thinking about how I can incorporate this into my own classroom."
Prior to the workshop, students were given a test to gauge their baseline knowledge of certain mathematical concepts. Next, Hohensee and his research team organized the students into focus groups. As each focus group worked through a series of math activities, their conversations and reasoning were recorded on audio and video for subsequent analysis.
"We're interested in capturing as much as we can about how the students are working and thinking about these math problems," said Sara Garland, a doctoral research assistant in the School of Education.
During the summer of 2020, as the project enters its fourth year, the workshop will expand to three weeks and instruction will be provided by teaching partners from local schools. In the fifth and final year of the grant, the curriculum will be introduced into algebra classrooms for real-world testing and analysis.
"We need to develop curriculum that will accommodate all students, no matter their background," said Hohensee.
Article by Jordan Howell.
Photo by Evan Krape.


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After an experience as design director at Perry Ellis, Texas-born, former model and actor Tom Ford was appointed creative director of Gucci in 1994, when the brand was going through its hardest phase. In his ten years at Gucci, he presented a sequence of disruptive and provocative collections, redesigning the aesthetic of the 1990s thanks to his signature hyper-sexy outfits and glamorous silhouettes. In collaboration with Carine Roitfeld and Mario Testino, Ford also produced a series of memorable, scandalous campaigns, earning Gucci the reputation as the hottest brand of the decade. He left in 2004 and then founded his own brand.
Canvas kimono coat
Canvas kimono jacket


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Home—Art—Exhibitions—Guests of Honor from the Musée du Louvre: Jean-Antoine Houdon's Portraits of Americans in the Age of Enlightenment
Guests of Honor from the Musée du Louvre: Jean-Antoine Houdon's Portraits of Americans in the Age of Enlightenment
Sun, Oct 6, 2019 — Sun, May 3, 2020
The Detroit Institute of Arts will present a dossier exhibition featuring two masterworks of French eighteenth-century portrait sculpture lent from the Musée du Louvre. Created by the greatest sculptor of the Enlightenment, Jean-Antoine Houdon (1741–1828), the portraits depict two of America's most iconic founders, Benjamin Franklin and George Washington.
As Guests of Honor, the portraits will be displayed in the company of selected works that similarly depict Franklin, Washington, and Robert Fulton, another early American icon, as among the first to reach celebrity status as enlightened leaders of a new nation. Drawing from the DIA's own holdings and from a private collection, the exhibition gives audiences a unique opportunity to explore and compare images of these very familiar personae through art in a wide variety of media.
Presented in our gallery dedicated to the early American republic, the exhibition sets Houdon's masterful terracotta portraits alongside painting, sculpture, textile, and work on paper, with significant examples of furniture and decorative arts already on view in the gallery providing a greater context of visual culture in the early American republic.
The image above includes the following: (left) Benjamin Franklin, 1778, Jean-Antoine Houdon, French; terra cotta on separate marble base. Courtesy of the Musee de Louvre, Paris. (right) George Washington, 1786, Jean-Antoine Houdon, French; terra cotta on separate marble base. Courtesy of the Musee de Louvre, Paris.
Exhibition Details
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