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Home Travel National Parks A Grand Time
A Grand Time
Alan Rider
Experiencing a truly unforgettable visit to Grand Canyon National Park requires more than simply stopping and staring
It is perhaps America's best-known natural wonder. But few of the 5 million people who visit Grand Canyon National Park each year ever do more than stare down into the canyon's depths from overlooks along the rim. Then it's back in the car and on to the next destination on their vacation itinerary.
Which is a shame when you realize just how many unforgettable experiences there are to be had in this spectacular swath of northern Arizona.
To prove our point, allow us to suggest a few must-do adventures for any motorhome traveler contemplating a multiday visit to this dramatic national park.
On the Rim
Rather than the typical visitor's routine of popping out of the car for a quick look around, the best advice we can offer you is to slow down. Luckily, Grand Canyon National Park's popular South Rim offers several pleasant ways to do just that. Park the motorhome in Lot 1, which has pull-through spaces for RVs.
Walking part of the 13-mile Rim Trail that extends from Yavapai Point east of the main visitor center to Hermits Rest is a good way to start. The section that begins just west of Bright Angel Lodge is especially nice, as it offers a paved surface and shade from the hot desert sun. Shuttle buses here also allow you to catch a ride to a viewpoint farther up the road if you find you're temporarily maxed out on marching.
If wheels are more your speed, Bright Angel Bicycles, located across the plaza from the Grand Canyon Visitor Center, offers both bike rentals and guided tours. It also operates a small café where you can relax and grab a bite to eat before or after your ride.
Walk of Ages
While anyone can see the dozens of rock layers exposed on the canyon's walls, it's hard to comprehend just how long it took the roaring Colorado River to carve through them to create this 277-mile-long gorge.
To get a feel for the enormity of that process, take a stroll on the 2.8-mile Trail of Time, which starts at the Yavapai Point Geology Museum and ends at the Verkamp's Visitor Center. While you're walking in this direction, the trail takes you back through the canyon's lifespan, with every 3 feet equaling 1 million years of geologic history. Rocks brought up from the mile-deep canyon let you see and touch actual samples of the stone layers you're looking out at from the viewpoints along the way.
The South Rim also has plenty of human history on display. High points in Grand Canyon Village include the Bright Angel Lodge, with its stone fireplace that exactly replicates the layers of rock found in the walls of the canyon itself. Then there's the imposing El Tovar Hotel, a structure that has been welcoming guests since 1905, more than a decade before there was such a thing as Grand Canyon National Park.
And while we're on the subject of architecture, be sure to check out the natural stone constructions of park architect Mary Jane Colter, including the Desert View Watchtower near the park's east entrance and the faux miner's cabin known as Hermits Rest at the western terminus of Hermits Road. Known for her perfectionism, Colter is said to have directed the placement of each stone on the façade of the seven-story tower, and directed her workmen to rub soot around the cabin's hearth and place cobwebs in the corners to give it a lived-in look.
Into the Canyon
If you think the Grand Canyon looks impressive from the top down, you really owe it to yourself to see it from the bottom up.
To get into the canyon you have several options. There are two main hiking trails from the South Rim – the Bright Angel and the South Kaibab – that lead down to the Colorado River more than a mile below. Both are considered strenuous and are not to be attempted lightly.
If the idea of hoofing it down the trail on your own two feet doesn't sound appealing, you might want to try making the trip with the help of the four strong legs of a sure-footed mule. Mules have been a go-to source of transportation for canyon visitors looking to get below the rim for more than a century. Trips from the South Rim, which can sell out months ahead of time, descend to Phantom Ranch, where you can stay the night and return the next day.
Perhaps the easiest way to see the canyon is from the river itself. While traditional multiday whitewater raft trips through the main part of the canyon need to be booked as much as a year in advance, the Hualapai tribe in Peach Springs, Arizona, 140 miles west of the park, offers one-day whitewater trips from what they call Grand Canyon West. If that sounds a little too hair-raising, Grand Canyon Discovery offers peaceful flat-water floats on the Colorado from the organization's offices in Page, Arizona, 130 miles northeast of Grand Canyon Village.
The Other Grand Canyon
Up to this point we've been talking about the Grand Canyon's more heavily visited South Rim. But there's another distinctly different side to Grand Canyon National Park, namely the North Rim.
While getting to this opposite side of the canyon requires a bit of driving – it's a very scenic 215 miles from Grand Canyon Village – the payoff is well worth it. And not just because of the 15 different kinds of cookies filling the glass case at the Jacob Lake Inn, located at the intersection of U.S. Highway 89A and state Route 67, where you'll turn to reach the North Rim.
For one thing, this side of the canyon is home to a plethora of wildlife, not the least of which is the tufted-ear Kaibab squirrel, a species so ideally adapted to its environment that it's found nowhere else on the planet. Endangered California condors can be spotted soaring above the cliff faces, while elk, bear, and even the occasional gray wolf can be spotted in the meadows or along the tree line.
While we're on the subject of animals, there are mule rides offered on the North Rim as well. The upside here is that, because it's less crowded, you may be able to book some saddle time on relatively short notice. The downside is that rides here don't descend very far into the canyon itself.
The good news is that you can get spectacular views of the canyon from a number of easy-to-reach viewpoints. For starters, walk out to Bright Angel Point, located just behind the impressive Grand Canyon Lodge. You can also drive to Cape Royal and Point Imperial overlooks, the latter of which has the distinction of being the highest viewpoint in the park at 8,800 feet.
Here's one final, simple way to see Grand Canyon National Park in a light that only a small number of visitors will ever know: Take the time to look up after the sun has gone down.
After watching one of the canyon's spectacular sunsets, stick around to watch the stars come out. Be sure to ask at one of the park's visitor centers if there's a ranger-led astronomy program scheduled during your visit. If so, you'll be able to learn more about what you're seeing and even look at astronomical objects through telescopes.
Even if there's not an official astronomy talk, don't let that stop you. Simply find a dark spot, lay back and watch the cloudlike Milky Way rise in the east in one of the few places where it's dark enough for this arm of our own galaxy to cast shadows on a moonless night.
A Grand Adventure
Ultimately what we're suggesting is an approach we think will help you get the most out of your visit to Grand Canyon National Park. With a little planning and forethought, you can take your time and find your own unique adventures as you explore America's best-known natural wonder.
Desert View Campground
Small campground with 50 sites; RVs up to 30 feet; no hookups; first-come, first-served; open mid-April through mid-October.
Grand Canyon Railway RV Park
Private campground located in the town of Williams adjacent to the Grand Canyon Railway train depot. Full hookups and
124 extra-wide sites.
www.thetrain.com/lodging/rv-park
Kaibab Camper Village is a commercial campground located in Jacob Lake with full and partial hookups for RVs up to 40 feet. Open mid-May to mid-October.
www.kaibabcampervillage.com
Mather Campground
South Rim's largest campground with 300-plus sites; RVs up to 30 feet; no hookups; open year-round.
www.recreation.gov
North Rim Campground
Located near the Grand Canyon Lodge, this NPS campground is only open May 15 through October 15.
Trailer Village RV Park
Concessionaire-operated campground located next to Mather Campground with 84 paved sites; RVs up to 50 feet; full hookups
www.visitgrandcanyon.com/trailer-village-rv-park
Like many popular national parks, Grand Canyon offers a well-thought-out shuttle-bus system that runs from early morning until late at night. Which means the smart way to see the park is to leave your motorhome or dinghy at the Main Visitor Center and hop on and hop off the buses to your heart's content. When you've had your fill of the central Grand Canyon Village and western Hermits Rest areas the shuttle buses serve, climb back in your rig for the trip along Desert View Drive, which will lead you to the park's east entrance.
Bright Angel Bicycles
www.bikegrandcanyon.com
Colorado River Discovery
www.raftthecanyon.com
www.nps.gov/grca
Hualapai River Runners
www.grandcanyonwest.com
Jacob Lake Inn
www.jacoblake.com
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SEARCH BY PERFORMERS
SEARCH BY ACTIVITIES
WEEK 1 | Nov 25th – 27th
Friday Nov 25th
5:00 p.m. | Opening
5:30 p.m. – 6:30 p.m. | Christmas Tree Lighting and Opening Ceremony at Aberdeen Square
5:30 p.m. – 6:30 p.m. | Canadian Showtime Chorus at Aberdeen Square
6:30 p.m. – 10:00 p.m. | Santa is in the Village
6:00 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. | Crafts for Kids at Santa's Workshop presented by Interac®
6:30 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. | Les Rats d'Swompe at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
8:30 p.m. – 10:00 p.m. | Christmas Cocktails and Crafts at Santa's Workshop presented by Interac® | BOOKED
8:30 p.m. – 10:00 p.m. | The Lionyls at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
10:00 p.m. | Closing
Saturday Nov 26th
10:00 a.m. – 10:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m. | Opening
12:00 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. | Crafts for Kids at Santa's Workshop presented by Interac®
2:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m. | Santa is in the Village
4:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m. | Charles Cleyn at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
5:30 p.m. – 6:30 p.m. | Jessy Lindsay at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
6:00 p.m. – 9:00 p.m. | Dancer's DJ Skate Night at Reindeer Rink (all ages/outdoor)
7:00 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. | Jessica Pearson and the East Wind at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
8:30 p.m. – 10:00 p.m. | Chantal Hackett Band at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
Sunday Nov 27th
10:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.| Santa Paws at Santa's Village
2:00 p.m. | Hockey Game | 67's vs. Sudbury Wolves at The Arena at TD Place | Buy your tickets here
3:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. | The Blind and The Beautiful at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
4:30 p.m. – 6:00 p.m. | HOROJO Trio at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
6:30 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. | JW-Jones at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
8:00 p.m. | Closing
WEEK 2 | Dec 2nd – 4th
Friday Dec 2nd
5:00 p.m. – 10:00 p.m. | Santa's Village open for photos
5:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m. | Erica Brighthill at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
6:30 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. | OK Naledi at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
7:00 p.m. | Hockey Theme Game: Nutcracker Ball | 67's vs. Flint Firebirds at The Arena at TD Place | Buy your tickets here
8:30 p.m. – 10:00 p.m. | Dave Harmo at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
Saturday Dec 3rd
9:00 a.m. – 11:00 a.m. | Sensory Santa at Santa's Village | Free registration here
10:00 a.m. | Market Opening
12:00 p.m. – 3:00 p.m. | Carivibe at Reindeer Rink (all ages/outdoor) Carivibe à la Patinoire des rennes (extérieur / pour tous)
4:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m. | Sophie D'Orléans at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
5:30 p.m. – 6:30 p.m. | Sam Stone at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
6:00 p.m. – 9:00 p.m. | Carivibe at Reindeer Rink (all ages/outdoor) | POSTPONED TO DEC 18
7:00 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. | Highway Sunrise at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
8:30 p.m. – 10:00 p.m. | Le FLOFRANCO at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
Sunday Dec 4th
2:00 p.m. | Hockey Game | 67's vs. Peterborough Petes at The Arena at TD Place | Buy your tickets here
3:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. | Alex Goupil at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
4:30 p.m. – 6:00 p.m. | Kristine St. Pierre at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
6:30 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. | Annie Martel at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
WEEK 3 | Dec 9th – 11th
Friday Dec 9th
5:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m. | Katie Bernard at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
Saturday Dec 10th
4:00 p.m. – 4:30 p.m. | Canadian Showtime Chorus at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
5:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m. | The AV Club at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
6:00 p.m. – 9:00 p.m. | Dancer's DJ Skate at Reindeer Rink (all ages/outdoor)
6:30 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. | Sussex at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
8:30 p.m. – 10:00 p.m. | Funk-A-Tron at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
10:00 p.m. | Market Closing
10:00p.m. – 12:00 a.m. | Silent Disco at Casino Lac Leamy Stage
Sunday Dec 11th
10:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m. | Santa Paws at Santa's Village
3:00 p.m. – 3:30 p.m. | The Pop Shop All Stars (youth singing) at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
3:30 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. | Luv 2 Groove (dance group that gets guests moving) at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
4:30 p.m. – 6:00 p.m. | Derek McKinley Family Music Show (fun songs) at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
6:30 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. | Renée Landry at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
WEEK 4 | Dec 16th – 18th
Friday Dec 16th
5:00 p.m. – 6:00p.m. | Alex Goupil at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
6:30 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. | Breakfast in Bed Music at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
7:00 p.m. | Hockey Game | 67's vs. Oshawa Generals at The Arena at TD Place | Buy your tickets here
8:30 a.m. – 12:00 p.m. | Breakfast with Santa | Buy your Tickets
2:00 p.m. | Hockey Theme Game: Teddy Bear Toss | 67's vs. Hamilton Bulldogs at The Arena at TD Place | Buy your tickets here
4:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m. | Mike Meunier Duo at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
8:30 p.m. – 10:00 p.m. | OK Naledi at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
12:00 p.m. – 3:00 p.m. | Carivibe at Reindeer Rink (all ages/outdoor)
3:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. | Choeur gai d'Ottawa Gay Men's Chorus at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
5:00 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. | Carivibe at Reindeer Rink (all ages/outdoor)
6:30 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. | Tara Shannon at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
WEEK 5 | Dec 19th – 23rd
Monday Dec 19th
5:30 p.m. – 7:30 p.m. | Sensory Santa at Santa's Village | Free registration here
Open Only for Sensory Santa Event
Tuesday Dec 20th
5:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m. | Bobby Parent at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
6:30 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. | 10 Cent Wings at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
Wednesday Dec 21st
5:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m. | Solstice | David Finkle at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
5:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m. | Solstice | Aurora Jade at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
6:30 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. | Solstice | Mariah Miigwans at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
6:30 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. | Solstice | Sunsdrum at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
6:30 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. | Solstice | Brad Lafortune at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
Thursday Dec 22nd – LAST DAY!
8:30 p.m. – 10:00 p.m. | Woodney Pierre at Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
Friday Dec 23rd
Dec 23rd Programming CANCELED due to the weather.
Try these memorable experiences
We've selected a few memorable experiences for you to enjoy a bit more of the Ottawa Christmas Market.
December 21 Solstice
Indigenous peoples everywhere observe the Winter Solstice. It is the day that the sun is the furthest from the equator. Their spiritual foundation lies in the natural world of connection and Solstice is a time to honor and acknowledge the natural patterns of our universe and existence.
Join us at the Ottawa Christmas Market on December 21 st to share in the traditional music of the indigenous peoples from our region.
All three of Canada's recognized indigenous groups will be included on the evening. First Nations, Inuit and Metis. There will be drumming, singing, dancing and storytelling.
Performances by David Finkle, Aurora Jade, Sunsdrum, Mariah Miigwans and Brad Lafortune.
Location: Casino Lac-Leamy Stage
Dec 21st | 5:00 p.m. – 8:00 p.m.
Hockey Games at The Arena at TD Place
The Ottawa 67's are playing at home at TD Place all month long! Bring your family and friends to the Ottawa Christmas Market and end your day with an incredible Ontario Hockey League game.
Location: The Arena at TD Place
CHOOSE YOUR GAME
Sensory Santa
Santa is visiting us at this special time to meet and take pictures with his friends with autism.
Sensory Santa is an opportunity for children with autism to visit Santa in a sensory friendly environment.
The time set aside for Sensory Santa is exclusive for children on the spectrum and their families. The line ups are much shorter and children can come and go while they wait. Often the music is turned down. No appointments are booked so parents have more flexibility.
Sensory friendly environment for children with autism to see Santa.
In partnership with Quickstart Autism.
After registration, you will be notified if scheduling changes occur.
Location: Santa's Village
Dec 19 | 5:30 p.m. – 7:30 p.m.
Where I can park my car
2023 Vendors & Performers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Audis Will No Longer All Look the Same
Quick, which Audi is in this picture?
By Chris Tsui January 2, 2018
It has long been jokingly theorized that Audi's design department consisted of nothing but a lone photocopier that spat out the same, Iron Man-inspired design in varying states of scale. While its domestic competitors in BMW and Mercedes-Benz (and much of the auto industry, really) have followed Ingolstadt's footsteps in adopting the "measure once, cut many times" philosophy of car design, Audi now says that it is beginning to offer more visual variety across its lineup.
Speaking to Autocar, Audi chief executive Rupert Stadler says that the brand can now afford to make cars that sport their own distinct designs now that the German brand has a strong foothold in "emerging markets" (read: China). "This [repetition] design process was used to make Audis more recognizable in newer and emerging markets," said Stadler. "Now we are well known in major markets like China, we can begin to change this philosophy and give each car its own look."
Spearheading this new individualistic attitude is Audi's upcoming Q2, a Mini Countryman rival that still wears many of Audi's established design tropes, sure, but won't likely be mistaken for a Q3 or Q5.
Audi design head Marc Lichte went on to tell the British publication that, "We recognize that there is a place for more differentiation now. Since our cars are in production for a minimum of six years, in today's world I think each model should have its own design to be attractive for this long time."
Lichte adds that the biggest leap in design will come when more of the company's cars go electric, citing more creative freedom thanks to more compact drivetrain dimensions. "Design will go in a very different way," said Lichte. "[Designers] will have more material space to play with, so we'll be able to produce [vehicles with] shorter overhangs and lower bonnets. It makes for a more attractive design overall."
We've reached out to Audi for further comment and will update this story if we hear back.
Audi Q8 Concept -- /CHEATSHEET
Here's the Audi Q2, Ingolstadt's Mini Countryman Rival
Audi's bid for the modern urban hipster who needs 7.9 inches of ground clearance.
2018 Audi A8 Debuts Packed With Future-Facing Tech
Audi's flagship sedan is the next stepping stone to our self-driving, electrified future.
Audi Won't Use Confusing New Nomenclature in the U.S.
Americans will be spared from confusingly-badged Audis, for now.
Driving the Audi RS3: Behold, the World's Most Expensive Small Sedan
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Audi Reports 12 Percent Sales Increase in the U.S.
Spurred on by the Q5, Q7, and A5 Sportback, Audi posts an 83rd straight record sales month in November.


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2015-Jul-04, 07:43:21 (This post was last modified: 2015-Jul-04, 07:47:21 by Chuck.)
(2015-Jul-04, 06:18:04)Krom Wrote: Yes, but this was not available in 1994. In the last 21 years it has been made possible e.g. the Human Genome Project. What I bolded was Diamond's concern in 1994 and the reason he wrote "different procedures yield very different classifications"
And yet I said:
Quote: NofR: One variant of the bio-statistical argument runs: since the level of genetic differentiation between populations is low, individuals can not accurately be assigned to natural divisions... This argument has been shown to be unsound. For the explanation why, readers are referred to the discussions of Mitton (1977; 1978), Risch et al. (2002), Edwards (2003), Witherspoon et al. (2007), Gao and Martin (2009), and Tal (2012). What is odd is that the idea of taking into account multiple indexes when making a racial classification is hardly new. Blumenbach in 1806 passingly noted that human racial classifications, being classifications in a natural system, should be based on "all bodily indications alike." Darwin noted that human racial classifications should be based on a full pedigree; moreover, he discussed the importance of correlated variation when it came to classification in general. In 1950, William Boyd showed how one could use multiple genetic loci to make such a classification and noted that one should use all possible genetic loci when doing so. And Lewontin (1978), in reply to Mitton (1977), agreed that it was obvious that one could divide humankind into biological races using multiple loci.
If such was not possible prior to 1994, why did Lewontin concede to Mitton that this could be done in 1978 and how was Dobzhansky (1970) able to discuss Boyd's (1950) multi-locus analysis? The deeper point is that Buffon, Blumenbach, Darwin and others argued that one should use correlated variation -- or an ensemble of characters -- when it came to picking out natural divisions and races as these.
Quote: My point though above was that Diamond's "different procedures yield very different classifications" extends to non-genetics and this is why human races cannot be shown to be "real" because why should we choose genetics over non-genetic criteria? Why not define race by something else? You do no cover this in the paper.
But I do! I say:
Quote: NofR: Next, we must clarify what it would mean for a biological concept to be a biological race concept. Such a biological concept need not always be called "race," nor does the term "race" need always refer to the said concept, but any biological race concept must have a reasonable claim to the term. Obviously, there is a subjective element involved when it comes to assessing what constitutes a "reasonable claim." Nevertheless, examples of biological concepts which qualify (microgeographic race, etc.) and do not qualify (sexual morph, life form, etc.) come readily to mind. Biologists and others who discuss race in relation to biology have frequently referred to the former, but not the latter, as "race."...
Quote: NofR: Prior to being incorporated into natural history in the 18th century, the term "race" referred to breeds and lineages. "Race" was employed, in a related fashion, in several different discourses. In context to animal husbandry, it was used to describe strains of animals produced through linebreeding...This notion was integrated into natural history largely by Comte de Buffon, Immanuel Kant, and Johann Blumenbach to make sense of a particular sort of intraspecific variation, which was sometimes called the "constant variety."
Quote: NofR: Generally, granting that races are intraspecific groups that differ genetically/genealogically on average, which is what they are now invariably said to be, they could be: (1) artificial divisions such as morphs or forms, (2) natural divisions, (3) spatiotemporally defined populations, like Iowans and North Carolinians, which, while differing genetically on average, do not cut out genealogical/genomic divisions, or (4) genealogy-defined divisions which are not so linebred that members are more overall genetically similar to other members of the same division than to members of other divisions. This is the manifold of possibilities. Proponents of the race concept...
Must I spoon feed you the argument!
There is this concept:
"organismic groups which differentiated from one another as a result of historic patterns of filiation; they are groups, which due to histories of sufficient linebreeding, form intraspecific natural divisions, ones which can be identified based on the correlations between the organisms' inherited characters"
You agree that these types of groups or divisions exist, no?
You agree that these types of groups or divisions were often called races, no?
You agree that the groups or divisions traditionally called "major (biological) human races" correspond with these types of groups or divisions, no?
[Please answer the above.]
So what possibly is the dispute?
The argument is:
(a) there is some valid, meaningful, and utile natural historian concept, which describes a type of biological variation not well described by other concepts
© which, based on historic term usage, has a reasonable claim to the name race
(d) by which there are human races
(e) which roughly correspond to the divisions historically called races
Sure you could call another concept "race". I note that. The reason you would call this concept race, though, is because this what it was often called. But you ask:
Quote: Why should we choose genetics over non-genetic criteria? Why not define race by something else?
And the answer is: Because "race", the term, originally meant -- at the time of introduction -- lineage/genealogical division/strain/breed. It was always tied to the idea of genes in the sense of genealogy. So if you were to use the term in a historically consistent manner, you would identify races with lineages in some sense. That leaves but two options, which I discussed:
Quote: NofR: We imagine that few to no researchers have conceptualized biological races so loosely as to include mtDNA lineages or all descendants of Genghis Khan, even though doing so would be consistent with the historic extra-scientific usage of the term, as expressed by the phrase "the race of Caesar."... Regardless, we are confident that few would consider extended families which are so little linebred that many members could not be, based on propinquity of descent, assigned exclusively to this or that division to make for good biological races...As suggested above, we might further conceptualize biological races as representing overlapping ancestrally defined groups. For example, in the case of humans, the set of individuals descended from Charlemagne and that descended from Confucius could be said to represent two overlapping biological races, with membership assigned on a hypodescent basis. These divisions would overlap because while many individuals share only one or the other lineage many share both... such undoubtedly constitute meaningful biological divisions of a sort, they do not constitute, as we are characterizing them, natural divisions, since they are not being defined in terms of overall genetic similarity. Such divisions could be said to represent artificial biological races proper...With artificial biological race concepts, members are arranged by ancestry, but not overall ancestry. Hypodescent defined races would be an example of such. They can, insofar as the defining genealogies are accurate, be said to be no less biological than morphs or forms; yet the groups described would frequently not be natural in the sense of describing overall genetic relatedness. When lines of descent are sufficiently endogenous, that is, when our extended families are sufficiently linebred, natural division races emerge from artificial.
You either have races as artificial genealogical divisions or races as natural (genealogical) divisions.
I am not opposed to the idea of the "race" of Confucius. This, though, would not correspond wit the natural historian concept discussed in the 1700-1800s or the biological concept discussed after.


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Identification of the immunodominant B cell epitope of the nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane protein
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Identifying the stock composition of feeding populations of Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) using genetic markers
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Images as a Fertile Ground for the Evolution or Involution: The Role of Mass Media Images on the Damaging and Nourishing of the Imagination
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Immune responses of urban firefighters following work in the heat
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In demand? Career paths of Australian communication and media degree holders
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Reinke, J., LEMCKERT, C. & Meynecke, J. O., 2017, p. 1-1. 1 p.
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Innovation in Uro-Oncology Specialist Nursing Care: The UCAN Model of Survivorship.
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FROST, J., KELLETT, J., LAWLIS, T. & ISBEL, S., May 2016, p. 64. 1 p.
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text:
Magic in the middle ages, second edition
Richard Kieckhefer*
How was magic practised in medieval times? How did it relate to the diverse beliefs and practices that characterised this fascinating period? In Magic in the Middle Ages Richard Kieckhefer surveys the growth and development of magic in medieval times. He examines its relation to religion, science, philosophy, art, literature and politics before introducing us to the different types of magic that were used, the kinds of people who practised magic and the reasoning behind their beliefs. In addition, he shows how magic served as a point of contact between the popular and elite classes, how the reality of magical beliefs is reflected in the fiction of medieval literature and how the persecution of magic and witchcraft led to changes in the law. This book places magic at the crossroads of medieval culture, shedding light on many other aspects of life in the Middle Ages.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139923484
10.1017/CBO9781139923484
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Magic in the middle ages, second edition'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Magic Arts & Humanities
Middle Ages Arts & Humanities
Medieval Culture Arts & Humanities
Medieval Literature Arts & Humanities
Fiction Arts & Humanities
Witchcraft Arts & Humanities
Persecution Arts & Humanities
Kieckhefer, R. (2014). Magic in the middle ages, second edition. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139923484
Kieckhefer, Richard. / Magic in the middle ages, second edition. Cambridge University Press, 2014. 219 p.
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Kieckhefer, R 2014, Magic in the middle ages, second edition. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139923484
Magic in the middle ages, second edition. / Kieckhefer, Richard.
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AB - How was magic practised in medieval times? How did it relate to the diverse beliefs and practices that characterised this fascinating period? In Magic in the Middle Ages Richard Kieckhefer surveys the growth and development of magic in medieval times. He examines its relation to religion, science, philosophy, art, literature and politics before introducing us to the different types of magic that were used, the kinds of people who practised magic and the reasoning behind their beliefs. In addition, he shows how magic served as a point of contact between the popular and elite classes, how the reality of magical beliefs is reflected in the fiction of medieval literature and how the persecution of magic and witchcraft led to changes in the law. This book places magic at the crossroads of medieval culture, shedding light on many other aspects of life in the Middle Ages.
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Kieckhefer R. Magic in the middle ages, second edition. Cambridge University Press, 2014. 219 p. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139923484


text:
Fjortis
This girl might be a fjortis. If you talk to her and she responses calm, polite and with sane arguments, you can relax. In that case she's a normal human being.
The fabled Fjortis (Homo sapiens quattuordecim ) is a close relative to the British Chav and American Wigger, both well-known as symbols of the western society's degeneration and subsequent ruin. Recent studies conducted by world-renowned scientists have suggested that fjortisar are not humans at all (Schultz et al, 1997; Johansson & Fälldin, 2003; Wirdem 2007, Genesis 2:12), but a species of hitherto undiscovered alien beasts, frolicking in the human society by mimicking the ordinary Human (Homo sapiens sapiens).
5 Entertainment & Politics
5.1 Fjortis Music
6 Fjortis Cuisine and cooking
7 Causes
8 Regional Deviations
9 Future
Appearance[edit]
An artist's interpretation of a typical fjortis.
There are few if any striking physical differences between humans and fjortisar. In order to discover the differences that do exist, autopsy and blood-samples have to be taken and studied under amicroscope. While there is not much we can say with certainty about the biological structure of those creatures - as sadly governments continue to put up roadblocks in the path of curious scientists looking to conduct various experiments – there are some things we can tell with significant certainty.
To determine whether or not a "person" of choice is a Fjortis or not, there are several measures you can take. The most striking and easy-to-spot deviances from the norm of ordinary humans are the clothing style, often little thought-out and with poor fashion-sense; wearing dark vestments cluttered with commercial advertisement. A baseball cap is often present in male specimens, often with some captions supporting a local sports team of some kind. Female specimens often wear minimal, tight and revealing clothing of the latest cheap but expensive-looking brand, which seems to play a crucial role in their mating rituals (Austen, 2002). Horny males can sometimes be observed clutching with their large and dirty hands at the females round bottoms – this is believed to be a way for the males to show that they are set on mating with this particular specimen within 72 hours. If the female finds the male to be of poor health or not rich enough, she will reject him with a slap in the face (Pabodie, 2000).
Fjortisar are often about the size of normal humans, varying from small specimens about 155 cm height to over 190 cm. Weight can be anything from a mere 35-45 kg amongst the frail female specimens to 80-115 kg among the large and loud-mouthed dominant males (Nudger, 1991). Males (also known as "brats" or "stekare") often keep their hair rather short, their eyes are usually devoid of emotion and whoever meets their glance will catch a glimpse of a cold accusing stare.
The Fjortis often moves in herds. It is rarely seen in groups of less than four, and whenever it is, it's safe to assume they won't make much of fuzz. In larger groups, encompassing eight, sometimes sixteen or more specimen, they are loud-mouthed and hideous abnormal beasts. They will shout out half-unrecognisable obscenities at random citizens passing, and attack people of whom they do not approve, in particular the dreaded "Goths" and "emo's", as well as rarer "grunge"-kids (Freeman & Allison, 2004).
The Fjortis is a creature you should avoid at all costs. They are unable to hold even quasi-intelligent discussions, and any attempts to communicate will be greeted with a perplexed "What?" More often than not they will proceed to name call the victim of their attacks recently deceased mother whose body those vermin still maintain they hump. (Necroman, 2002)
Important to note for the select few misguided individuals who might have a desire to seek communication with those abhorred abnormalities is their inability to comprehend the tongue of ordinary humans. Neither is deciphering the seemingly random words sprouted by the Fjortis an easy task you can expect to complete in less than a week. It should also worthy of mention that those extraterrestrial failures absolutely detest legible writing. This is a trait the Fjortis has in common with its close relatives the Chav and Wigger. They will write with as few letters as possible, often leaving the reader to single-handedly figure out what they are trying to communicate, which often leads to dramatic misunderstandings. It's all apart of their plan to mock and ridicule the humans who are actually capable of intelligent communication. Interspecies relations are at the time of writing tense and the United Kingdom is on the brink of civil war. (Phillips et all, 2001; Blair, 2007).
The Fjortis, like the Chav, is an avid consumer of alcoholic beverages. They often get drunk for the first time at early age, approximately 10-12 years. This period often features their sexual debut as well, and more often than not their first batch of useless cretin offspring. Fjortisar are famous for their pathetic parenting, leaving their children in the gutter to be picked up by social services. A healthy Fjortis normally lives to the ripe old age of 24 years. They often proudly run around sporting the latest cell phone, which they most likely stole from someone else.
The Fjortis favourite time kill is watching documentary soap-operas (reality television)such as Jersey Shore and Big Brother and shows featuring expensive cars (male specimens) or deity-status idols with little or no talent (mostly females, occasional occurring in males as well). They speak endlessly of attending "parties", often just the home of a Fjortis whose parents are out of town for a short period of time, allowing the Fjortis in question to serve alcohol to its "friends" and engage in sexual activities.
Habitat[edit]
Unlike the Chav, the Fjortis does rarely come from the lowest and poorest segments of society. Sometimes they have hardworking but emotionally absent parents that never cared much about them, but generally their childhood has been free from calamities, hatred or violence. This is the reason that many scientists suggests that interspecies sex is much more common in Scandinavia, something which has disturbed some government officials in particularly Sweden and Norway. In 2002 a vast scientific study was conducted which concluded that the Fjortis was indeed a very real threat to the further civilisation in northern Europe.
The Chav is known for being commonplace in the vast housing estates of the British Isles, however the Swedish housing estates are generally free of the dreaded Fjortisar, and instead populated by immigrant youth gang who run around fighting "turf" wars with baseball bats and golf clubs. The disobedient immigrant youth is believed to be a so far unclassified subspecies of the Fjortis (Al Najjizar, 2005). Some people suggest that this form of fjortis ought to be classified as a clown; though this remains a controversial subject which has been the source of much debate as of late.
The Fjortis often roams the streets of city centres in Scandinavia in huge crowds, often utilising public transport, forcing more people to seek refuge from their dreaded mischievous ways via private auto ownership. Money is often not an issue, as they parasite upon their parents and welfare services, allowing them to buy more expensive clothing than their British counterpart. They often take up residence in middle-class single-family housing estates, often living in detached houses. The neighbourhood is often disturbed by nocturnal moped races on local thoroughfares (Sjögren, 2006.)
Reproduction[edit]
The Fjortis reproduction is fast and vastly more developed when compared to humans. When it comes to reproduction, the Fjortis mostly resembles rats and other vermin. The female is pregnant for only four weeks before giving birth to at least one, often more than five, fresh new specimens. The delinquent offspring develops slower mentally when compared to Homo sapiens, but shows extra strength when it comes to coping with alcohol and toxic substances consumed as substitute for real drugs, which the Fjortis seldom afford (Farrow, 1997).
The Fjortis has a special seed that is different from the human sperm. It will survive for much longer periods of time outside of the female's warm comforting womb. Consequently, there have been reports of human females becoming pregnant after being exposed to sperms stained on a public park bench (Farnsworth, 2005). The dangers of interspecies relationships should be pointed out, as crossbreeding could have potentially disastrous results for the human genome. Total corruption could occur as the Fjortis traits have been discovered to be much stronger. If crossbreeding were to occur on a wide scale, the human population would be totally wiped out in less than seven generations (Goranhammer et all, 2003).
Entertainment & Politics[edit]
The average fjortis reaction on something that demands use of brain capacity.
Like chavs, the fjortis avoid any contact with books and generally shun all forms of intellectual stimulation. If a fjortis watches a movie that requires any kind of independent thought more than recognition of character names, the fjortis will immediately get very bored and press the fast forward button, fall asleep, puke of boredom, or start complaing of how bored it is.
Only the hippie-esque fjortis, which is a transitional form between a hippie and a fjortis, will even try to understand anything. The hippie-esque fjortis though will not understand a single thing unless high on some cheap mexican weed (in which case it will be convinced of understanding but won't really comprehend a single thing), and will resent to being a total ignorant asshole . In most of these cases, the hippie-esque kind, when confronted with intellectualism will start raving about supporting extreme political views which it doesn't even understand, for example communism or anarchism, which it will manifest this by wearing a Che Guevara t-shirt, for example, without even having a clue as to who this guy on the T-shirt is. If any fjortis would chose to read a book, it is likely to be the horrendous Da Vinci Code or a work by J.K.Rowling, a book that to this date no fjortis has ever managed to finish because of their inability to use their brain.
List of Fjortis Movies:
Coyote Ugly
8th Mile
Fucking Åmål (role model film for fjortis everywhere)
The most intellectual stimulation a fjortis will get is by their frequent visits to the home page Lunarstorm( also http://www.Bilddagboken.se) which is in turn, dangerous because the page is run by 50 year old men that is usually looking for young pre-teen fjortis with which to fornicate. But the fjortis inferior intellect will never manage to comprehend this.
Fjortis Music[edit]
The fjortis rejoices Hard trance and cheesy europop that never stops playing. When starting to play loud eurotrance the fjortis will never be able to stop playing the music, even if this is contradicting it's own will. This is because of a psychological disturbance in their brain. The fjortis is required to have eurotrance playing in the background while drinking alcohol. Other fjortis music includes: Basshunter and mainstream R&B. Anyone from the tv-program Idol.
The hippie-like fjortis distinguishes him/herself by listening to horrible EMO "music". In Sweden there is anthoter music group thar they go wild about, The trio E.M.D wich stands for the group members first names: Erik, Mattias, Danny. An exmaple of this was when they sang at the popular swedish "sing a long" show "Allsång På Skansen" where all the fjortisar gather by the front of the stage. When the programleader announced them, he almost went deaf by the squilling of them.
Fjortis Cuisine and cooking[edit]
The fjortis palate is extremely critical of to it foreign kinds of food, ussually the fjortis will only eat what it has adjusted to. The fjortis generally prefers sweetness before any other taste, and neutrality to taste. Because of the fjortis spectacular palate, the non-fjortis community frowns upon it's cooking. The cooking of the fjortis is the product of one paradox, the fjortis is by it's nature almost extremely reluctant to cook, but because the fjortis doesn't like taste of alcohol, but still requires vast amounts every weekend, fjortis cooking has been evolved to avoid the taste of alcohol in alcoholic beverages. Other ways to avoid alcohol is to drink one beer and then pretend you´re completely wasted and yell really loud: "I'm soo drunk right now!" Rich guys can, as to prove that they have money, "vaska champagne", which means to buy lots of expensive bottles of champagne and then simply pour it down the drain without even tasting. For poor Fjortis people it will work just as fine with hamburgers from McDonald's, see below.
Rosé wine, sometimes along with orange soda.
Bag-in-box wine
Rebenschoppen, The Fjortis choice of white wine. Usually bought from German smugglers.
Castillo De Gredos, The Fjortis choice of red wine.
Champagne, not for drinking, it's supposed to be "sinked".
Generally wine of any kind.
Ben & Jerry's, Dump of bad products mixed with frozen milk.
Mc Donald's (aka Donken, McD and Big Mac in fjortish): The restaurant of choice of the fjortis when going abroad, because
the fjortis will otherwise reject any foreign food item that he/she isn't adjusted to. Even though this, the fjortis will still not find the food at Mc Donald's abroad as satisfying as the one that is served in it's own habitat. This is because "whining" The fjortis will even sometimes reject items of the ones that are served at Mc Donald's for example; salad, tomatoes and cucumbers are especially frowned upon. Any vegetable, based on studies of the fjortis behavior, may be deadly for the fjortis.
Causes[edit]
While some have suggested that Fjortisar and their related plagues are harmless, this has proven to be false in several large scientific studies. Sane scientists argue that the genetic corruptions the Fjortisar spreads might have terrible results in the long run. Some consider it a "slow invasion and the downfall of sane government" (Farrow; 1997), while others claim it is a recurring pattern from past civilisations, similar to what led to the destruction of the Mayans, the Greeks and the Romans. The critics continue and claim that Homo Fjortensis is not a subspecies of the human race, but in fact the very same one. This is, according to Reuter (2000), and Nixon (1986), a preposterous idea at best. Famous Danish genealogist Victor Jörgensen (2004, 2005) studied the Fjortis DNA in detail, and found many deviances from that of ordinary Homo sapiens.
What causes chavism, then? Many scientists have tried to unveil the sources of this perplexing paradox, but yet today the mystery remains. The most generally accepted theory is that a virus, referred to as the "C-virus" (Sollenhall, 2003), and became what we today know as the chav/Fjortis/wigger. How it came to be is still a mystery, but somehow the virus changes the hosts DNA in such ways that a chav is born. The virus is transmittable through sexual relations, bodily secretions and directly occurring in the children of infected individuals. The virus often has a difficult time infecting full grown specimens, but once infection has won ground the treatment is long and painful (Vergans, 2005).
Regional Deviations[edit]
The Fjortis emigrated east to Finland with Swedish settlers and it was in Finland were the "Homo fjortensis" evolved in to Homo pissisus, the "Pissis" is larger and more aggressive than its western cousin and therefore is wiping out the Finnish Fjortis population (WWF is doing nothing about this claming it to be natural selection). The Pissis can be found in large parts of Finland and has spread to Estonia. The Pissis is more durable and consumes 60 to 75% more alcohol than a Fjortis, can survive sub-zero weather for several hours and lives to the impressive age of 57 years. The Pissis has been known to kill hunters who have attempted launching a private crusade against their dreadfulness. The Finnish government hands out refunds up to 5000 euros per specimen wiped off the map.
Future[edit]
Most sane governments call for the immediate termination of those abhorred vermin. However, several roadblocks remain in place that severely hampers the rate at which they can be disposed of. Those include, but are not limited to, the radical and hatred Save The Chav organisation, the Swedish pro-chav government, the list goes on for ages, but we have to see the danger for what it is here. We cannot go on without a fight! The human race is at stake, if we do not take action now, we will be overrun by those abhorred freaks of nature, and that would surely not be very enjoyable.
Essex girl
Retrieved from "https://uncyclopedia.com/w/index.php?title=Fjortis&oldid=5534285"
Good-for-nuttin' scum


text:
McLaren Unveils Limited Edition Carbon 675LT Spider
Jun 09,2016 Read News PRINT
Jun 09,2016 Read News
After the arrival of the carbon fibre-bodied McLaren P1, McLaren Special Operations (MSO) have now given the same treatment to the 675LT Spider. This will be a 25-unit limited edition affair and all have already been sold. The demand for a carbon fibre-bodied 675LT rose when customers saw the McLaren P1 in the same lightweight avatar at the International Geneva Motor Show. 40 per cent of the body panels are made out of a unique gloss finish carbon fibre. Production of the MSO Carbon Series LT will begin around September and the first deliveries are expected before the end of 2016.
The name McLaren is reminiscent of speed and performance. Staying true to the DNA, the limited edition 675LT Spider can accelerate from 0-100kmph in just 2.9 seconds, and can reach 200kmph in 8.1 seconds. The top speed of the car is clocked at 326kmph. All this power comes from the 3.8-litre twin turbo V8 which has been tuned very differently from the coupe sibling. This block produces 675PS power along with a massive 700Nm torque. This engine has new, more efficient turbos, detail design changes to the cylinder heads and exhaust manifolds, new camshaft and lightweight connecting rods, and a faster-flowing fuel pump and delivery system to ensure the car is worthy of the 'LT' badge.
Like in the standard 675LT Spider, the front bumper, front under body, lower side intakes, side skirts, rear bumper, diffuser and the 'Longtail' Airbrake' are all carbon fibre in this edition too, but with a gloss finish. In addition to the above-mentioned parts, the MSO Carbon Series LT has an electrically retractable carbon fibre roof, A-pillars, bonnet, complete front and rear wings and fuel filler flap.
The MSO Carbon Series LT is the third model to wear the LT badge in the McLaren range. The 675LT Coupe brought back the 'Longtail' name after nearly 20 years. This Carbon Series LT seems like a worthy addition to the range and, with only 25 such cars in the world, it will be a treat for the eyes if you ever spot one.
Also Read: McLaren Working On An All Electric Sub-P1 Supercar
Source : CarDekho


text:
Home Sedans & CoupesCoupes
Like Your Turbocharged Sedan? Thank the Saab 99 Turbo
by Matthew Skwarczek on December 13, 2020
Turbos aren't limited to high-end performance cars like Porsche 911s anymore. You can find turbocharged engines in pickup trucks, luxury cars, hot hatches, and entry-level sedans like the Mazda3. But as with any technology, automotive or otherwise, someone had to help bring it on a mass-market level. And in the late 70s, that car was the Saab 99 Turbo.
The Saab 99 Turbo helped democratize turbochargers
To be clear, the 1978 Saab 99 Turbo wasn't the first production car with a turbocharged engine. That would be the 1962 Chevrolet Corvair. And, other automakers, such as Porsche and BMW, had released turbocharged cars before Saab, CarThrottle reports.
1978 Saab 99 Turbo side | Saab
However, the Saab 99 Turbo wasn't intended to be some high-performance variant, though that is a bonus with turbos. Instead, the Swedish automaker designed it to be a mainstream daily-drivable car, Hemmings reports. Basically, it's one of the first truly mass-produced turbocharged engines, Automobile reports. And that's why, rather than peak power, the 99 Turbo's engine has a broad powerband. Which, incidentally, is a hallmark of the best modern forced-induction engines.
Speaking of power, by modern standards the Saab 99 Turbo doesn't have a lot of it. Its 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder makes 145 hp and 174 lb-ft, sent to the front wheels via a 4-speed manual. However, that makes it more powerful than the contemporary Mustang II King Cobra, which has a 5.0-liter V8, Automobile reports. And with it, the Swedish coupe goes 0-60 mph in 8.9 seconds. Plus, it could out-run contemporary BMW 5 Series' in the ¼-mile, Hemmings reports.
However, because it's a Saab, the 99 Turbo has some other interesting features.
The turbocharger isn't the only thing the Saab 99 Turbo offers
RELATED: Can the 2021 Mazda CX-30 Transcend Its Genre by Getting Turbocharged?
For one, Saab mounted the 99 Turbo's engine "' backwards,'" Autoweek explains. The clutch is actually at the front of the car, which gives more interior space. Another contemporary oddity is the wraparound windshield, which became a Saab trademark.
1978 Saab 99 Turbo interior | Bring a Trailer
The Saab 99 lineup also has more safety features than you might expect from a classic car. Even the non-Turbo models have front and rear crumple zones and a collapsible steering column, Autoweek reports. Also, the ignition switch is on the floor in-between the front seats to prevent knee injuries during collisions.
1991 Saab 900 Turbo SPG | Bring a Trailer
RELATED: Saab 9-2X Aero: A More Refined Subaru WRX
Although it isn't fast by modern standards, the 99 Turbo still makes a decent commuter. The handling is sharp, Autoweek reports, though the steering is a bit heavy. And in truth, its successor, the 900 Turbo, is the better performance car. But the 99 Turbo rides well over long distances and has good luggage space, Hemmings reports.
It's still an affordable if rare classic coupe
Unfortunately, the Saab 99 Turbo wasn't in production for long. In the US it was only available for 1978, though it survived overseas until 1981, Hemmings reports. As a result, it's rare, and because it was Saab's first mass-production turbocharging attempt, there were some teething issues. Throw in model-specific parts and you have a recipe for significant attrition. Hence why many surviving 99 Turbos use later 900 parts.
1978 Saab 99 Turbo rear 3/4 | Bring a Trailer
RELATED: Classic Luxury Cars That Don't Cost an Arm and a Leg to Run
However, despite its rarity, the 99 Turbo is a fairly affordable classic car. A good- to excellent-condition example typically goes for $6k-$11k, Hagerty reports. And aside from some pristine examples, most 99 Turbos go for less than $10,000 on Bring a Trailer.
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Tags: Cars classic saab


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Dr. Chris Weaver is a Senior Advisor for USGCRP, serving in this role on assignment from EPA's Office of Research and Development to the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy.
His background is as a climate scientist, with research spanning a diverse set of topics, including: the coupled dynamics of the atmospheric and terrestrial water cycles; observations and modeling of clouds and their role in the climate system; the importance of land use and land cover change in weather and climate; cross-scale interactions in the Earth system; and decision making under uncertainty, including the critical role of the social sciences in operationalizing scientific knowledge to meet societal needs. He received his Ph.D. from Scripps Institution of Oceanography and his undergraduate degree from Princeton University.
For much of the last two decades, he has provided scientific and organizational leadership in both university and government settings. Before becoming part of the USGCRP leadership team, he was a Federal lead for and one of the chief architects of the National Global Change Research Plan 2012-2021, the decadal strategic plan for USGCRP. During his tenure at EPA, he has been involved in evaluating the specific risks global change poses to air quality, water quality, human health, and ecosystems and supporting policy making at the agency in these areas. Prior to joining the Federal Government, he was on the faculty of the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University, where he also served as the Associate Director of the Center for Environmental Prediction.


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The Observer: DA and judge – Don't believe your lying eyes
By Jim Shields
September 10, 2022 at 2:17 p.m.
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Judicial Follies: The more things change
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John's Corner: Mikhail Gorbachev
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September 8, 2022 at 10:51 a.m.
From the desk of… To sound the alarm on democracy, Biden chose the perfect stage
By Eugene Robinson
September 7, 2022 at 1:18 p.m.
From the desk of… Congress tries to protect the planet from an overreaching court
By E.J. Dionne Jr.
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Judicial Follies: Stop me if you've heard this one before


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Home | Our Story | Timeline & History
Bocce Club Pizza History
Running the most successful pizzeria in Western New York wasn't even a dream for Dino Pacciotti when he returned from the Second World War and began work as an accountant for General Mills. Dino, who was born in Buffalo to Italian immigrants in 1922, had spent his war service years as a court reporter at the Nuremberg trials. His travels led him to the homeland of his parents, where he renewed his experience with Italian traditions like bocce ball, pizza pies and other dishes.
Eager to get ahead after the war, Dino took a part-time job in addition to his day job at a bar on Hickory Street called Bocce's. Many of Buffalo's World War II veterans gathered there to participate in one of their favorite pastimes, bocce ball. Dino and his sister, Melvina Sacco, soon saw a future at Bocce's. They purchased the bar in 1946 and began serving sandwiches and their favorite Italian foods. The bar developed quite a following, in part due to the tasty pizza snacks Dino created.
Innovations Spur Growth
Full of the entrepreneurial spirit, Dino introduced pizza packaged for take-out in corrugated boxes in 1955. Young families and college students welcomed the convenience, affordability and great taste. In 1958, Bocce Club Pizza moved to a larger location on Clinton Street, and opened a second location on Bailey Ave in 1959.
In 1978, Dino Pacciotti passed away, leaving the business in the hands of his capable family.
In the mid 1980s, Bocce Club included wings and subs on the menu, and added delivery service. In addition to being the first in Buffalo to offer take-out pizza, Bocce's also was among the first to sell half-baked pizza for those who wanted fresh-cooked pies on their own timetable. Bocce Club continued its growth in popularity.
Bocce Club Pizza continued to flourish, opening the Hopkins Road location in 1988. As sole owner, Jim (Dino's son), continues the Bocce tradition, using the same recipes, ingredients and suppliers his father used when he began the business back in 1946.
A Buffalo Tradition Since 1946
Dino goes off to war.
When he gets back, he works part-time for Bocce Club and gets a job at General Mills as an accountant.
Dino Pacciotti and his sister Melvina Sacco purchase the Bocce Club and start developing pizza.
Dino takes a risk and quits job at General Mills to work full-time at Bocce
Hickory Street closes, Clinton Store opens
Bailey Ave. store opens
Bailey Ave. store existing brick structure is built and the old wooden structure is torn down
Dino Pacciotti dies on October 19th The Pacciotti family continues to run the Bailey Store while the Sacco family runs Clinton St.
Bailey store remodels with wood front
Pacciotti family opens Hopkins Rd. store
Bocce celebrates 50 years in business!
Bocce on Bailey Ave. remodels with new stucco front and celebrates 50 years at Bailey Ave. location
Bocce Pizza teams up with InVue Digital and launches new website with online ordering functionality for nationwide delivery


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Matthew Vincent Raymond, charged with four counts of first degree murder, is taken from provincial court in Fredericton, N.B., on December 11, 2018. Jury selection begins Monday at a hockey rink in Fredericton to determine if Matthew Raymond, accused of killing four people in a shooting spree in August 2018, is fit to stand trial. Earlier this month, Justice Fred Ferguson of the Court of Queen's Bench ruled the threshold to question the fitness of the accused had been met. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Andrew Vaughan
Jury selection underway in fitness hearing for accused Fredericton shooter
He was accused of killing four people in a shooting spree in Fredericton in August 2018
Jury selection has begun in the hearing to determine if Matthew Raymond — accused of killing four people in a shooting spree in Fredericton in August 2018 — is fit to stand trial.
Justice Fred Ferguson of the New Brunswick Court of Queen's Bench ruled earlier this month that the threshold to question fitness of the accused had been met.
Fitness means that an accused understands the charges against them and can instruct a lawyer on how they wish to be defended.
Jury selection for Raymond's fitness hearing is being held in a hockey arena because of the large number of potential jurors.
Hundreds of people lined up outside the venue Monday morning, waiting to pass through security and be registered.
A makeshift courtroom has been set up in the rink, with a desk and chair for the judge on a raised platform at what would normally be centre ice.
Raymond is charged with the first-degree murders of Fredericton police constables Sara Burns and Robb Costello and civilians Donnie Robichaud and Bobbie Lee Wright.
Robichaud and Wright were killed in the parking lot outside their apartment building, and the officers were killed when they responded to the shootings.
Raymond wore orange pants and an orange shirt and appeared unshaven as he was led into a separate pre-trial hearing with the judge and lawyers Monday morning.
That hearing to discuss pre-trial issues was held in a dressing room, normally used by members of the Fredericton Red Wings of the Maritime Hockey League.
A publication ban was placed on anything said at that proceeding.
READ MORE: Matthew Vincent Raymond, 48, charged in Fredericton shooting
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HomeEthiopian NewsTPLF forces killed at least Five Eritrean Refugees,several women abducted
Ethiopian News
TPLF forces killed at least Five Eritrean Refugees,several women abducted
UN refugee body has confirmed the killings of five Eritrean refugees at Barahle refugee camp near the Tigray region of Ethiopia and several women kidnapped
TPLF forces marching in Tigray sometime before they launched attack on Ethiopian Defense Force (Photo : file/SM)
borkena
The Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) continues to carry out terrorist activities in the Afar region of Ethiopia with no major military response from the Federal government or condemnation from the international community.
The group has been shelling five districts, close to the Tigray but within the Afar region. The development has displaced, as reported before, over three hundred thousand civilians from the region and triggered an extensive humanitarian crisis in the region.
Latest report from the UN refugee agency, UNHCR, seems to suggest that the TPLF has been targeting the Berhale refugee camp where Eritrean refugees are staying.
According to a UNHCR report, which cited eyewitness accounts, "at least five refugees were killed and several women were kidnapped. "
They said gunmen just entered the refugee camp, occupied their shelter and looted their belongings.
The chaos from the TPLF raid of the refugee camp has caused another problem too. "Family members lost one another in the chaos of fleeing the camp," as reported by the UNHCR.
The incident from Berhale Refugee Camp is said to have displaced well over 4000 Eritrean refugees who trekked to Semara, seat of Afar regional state.
The refugee agency said that it "is working with the Ethiopian authorities and partners to provide emergency aid to thousands of Eritrean refugees who fled Barahle refugee camp and its environs in the Afar region after fighting engulfed the area."
The refugees are said to be in need of shelter and other emergency aid including food and clean water.
Earlier this month, UN Deputy Secretary Amina Mohammed visited residents who were displaced from the five districts of Afar near Tigray where the TPLF opened a mechanised military campaign. Local forces in Afar have been responding to it, as reported by the regional government and activists, but reversing artillery shelling proved to be a challenge as regional forces are armed only with individual and light group assault rifles.
Over 100,000 Eritreans refugees are believed to be living in different refugee camps in Ethiopia.
The TPLF forces have carried out similar attacks on Eritrean refugees and raped women in July 2021 Shimelba and Hitsats refugee camps.
On Wednesday this week, Amnesty International released a statement about atrocities by TPLF, including rape, in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. It is available HERE.
Join the conversation. Follow us on twitter @zborkena to get the latest Ethiopian News updates regularly. Like borkena on Facebook as well. To share information or for submission, send e-mail to info@borkena.com
Barahle refugee camp
Eritrean Refugees
TPLF
Ittu Aba Farda February 19, 2022 At 2:31 am
This the way despots always behave. I will bully neighbors just because I can. I will kill, rape, maim, displace and torch because I can or feel like it!!! And I don't give a damn what others think about what I did. In fact I don't care what everybody else thinks about me. That is the arrogance that grips despots especially those who were/are poisoned by the demonic philosophy Marxism/Leninism/Maoism. Who in his/her right mind wants to do harm by harmless/defenseless refugees? It must be someone who has gone psychopath, someone who has lost his mind. In our times those who attacked refugee camps and killed and raped are ISIS. Al-Qaeda, Al-Shabaab and Lord's Resistance Army and all of them are proven terrorists. I never expected to live this long to hear such acts of barbarity. I never expected that glorious country would produce such heartless individuals. I thought Mengistu would be it and never again. Boy, was I wrong!!! How much more brutal can it be over there. How many more Attila the Huns will it bring up on its own people? It is just sickening.
rezen February 19, 2022 At 3:48 pm
Quote: TPLF forces killed at least Five Eritrean Refugees, several women abducted" Unquote
borkena.com , February 18, 2022
Question: What & Who is next and FINAL ?


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Seattle, WA  August 5, 2022
Solar activity continued to decline this week, with average daily
sunspot number dropping from 91.1 to 36.6 and average solar flux at
95.7, down from 107.6 the week prior.
Thursday's sunspot number was above the average for the previous
seven days at 52.  Solar flux on Thursday was above the previous
seven day average at 108.8.  The 2300 UTC flux was 111.3.
We've not seen lower values since mid-April in bulletin ARLP015 with
average sunspot number at 34.4, and the end of February in ARLP008
with average solar flux at 95.4.
To track solar cycle 25 progress, I like to compare current averages
against the same numbers from last year.  In the 2021 version of
ARLP031, average daily sunspot numbers were 33.1 (lower by 3.5 from
this week's report), and average solar flux was 83, down 12.7 from
the current average.
The lower activity was quite noticeable over the past week on 10 and
12 meters, but there must still be some daily sporadic-E, from what
I've seen on an email list devoted to 10 meter propagation beacons.
I have one myself, K7RA/B transmitting CW from CN87uq on 28.2833
MHz.
The outlook from the USAF space weather group shows a meager
forecast for solar flux, this one from forecasters Hoseth and
Strandness on Thursday.
The latest forecast is a bit more optimistic than the Wednesday
version, with solar flux at 112 instead of 100 for the next few
Predicted solar flux is 112 on August 5 to 7, 110 on August 8 and 9,
112 on August 10, 114 on August 11 and 12, 98 on August 13 and 14,
100 on August 15 and 16, 98 on August 17 and 18, then 96, 96 and 98
on August 19 to 21, 96 again on August 22 and 23, 92 on August 24 to
28, 90 and 92 on August 29 and 30, 94 on August 31 through September
1, 96 on September 2 and 3, then 98 on September 4 to 10, and 100 on
September 11 and 12.
Predicted planetary A index 5 on August 5, 8 on August 6 and 7, then
5, 14, 12, 18 and 12 on August 8 to 12, 5 on August 13 to 16, then
22 on August 17, 15 on August 18 and 19, 8 on August 20 and 21, 5 on
August 22 to 25, then 10 and 12 on August 26 and 27, 5 on August 28
and 29, then 12 and 10 on August 30 and 31, 5 on September 1 to 6, 8
on September 7 to 8, and 5 on September 9 to 12.
OK1HH wrote:
'Throughout the period, solar activity was low, the Earth's magnetic
field quiet to unsettled.  Shortwave propagation conditions were
average to slightly below average.
An interesting phenomenon for observers may have been a giant solar
prominence - a loop of plasma on the sun's eastern limb.
But even more interesting was the report of a farside sunspot.  So
big it is changing the way the sun vibrates.  Helioseismic maps
reveal its acoustic echo not far behind the sun's southeastern limb!
The sunspot will turn to face Earth a few days from now.'
Space Weather Woman Dr. Tamitha Skov, WX6SWW put out a new forecast
on July 29.
https://youtu.be/F3T4VI1VSPc
Recently Dr. Skov sent this out (I edited) to her Patreon
'This week the Sun is a mixed bag of active regions, coronal holes
and solar eye candy.  Although we aren't expecting any strong
storming at Earth, we do have a big-flare player in view and are
expecting some fast solar wind over the next few days (and then
again sporadically next week).  This might give aurora photographers
at high latitudes a brief show, but it likely wont be much, if any
better than the weak shows we got this past week.
Solar flux is finally back into the triple digits, which means
decent radio propagation again on Earth's day side and along with
the reasonably low risk for radio blackouts, amateur radio operators
as well as GPS users should enjoy better than average signal
reception (and transmission).'
I like to watch this link to see what might be coming over the next
few days on our Sun:
https://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov/
On Thursday night over on the left I am seeing lots of white
splotches, perhaps indicating areas of magnetic complexity and maybe
sunspots arriving soon.  The horizon is at -90 degrees.
Although the STEREO mission has survived way past the initial design
life, one of the probes has been gone for a few years, leaving us a
very limited view of the sun.
I would love to see a replacement probe, which I have heard might
cost twenty-million dollars.  Or perhaps a brand new advanced
design?  Perhaps one of our domestic billionaires fascinated by
space flight could make this happen.
Newsweek has solar news:
https://bit.ly/3oZmYcB
Large sunspot emerging:
https://bit.ly/3oXVMuQ
Ginormous:
https://bit.ly/3QpmU1A
Send your tips, reports, observations, questions and comments to
k7ra@arrl.net.
Sunspot numbers for July 28 through August 3, 2022 were 50, 40, 27,
39, 32, 31, and 37, with a mean of 36.6.  10.7 cm flux was 93, 90.8,
94.3, 95.4, 97.8, 98.8, and 99.9, with a mean of 95.7.  Estimated
planetary A indices were 7, 4, 7, 11, 8, 9, and 8, with a mean of
7.7.  Middle latitude A index was 9, 6, 8, 12, 8, 10, and 7, with a
mean of 8.6.


text:
Best Telescopes Guide
Spectacular Northern Lights Pictures from July Solar Storm
By SPACE.com Staff 2012-07-16T17:42:55Z
Aurora over the Waputik Icefield, Canada
Paul Zizka Photography/www.zizka.ca
Night sky watcher Paul Zizka caught the aurora on July 15, 2012, at the Waputik Icefield in the Canadian Rockies.
Aurora over Washington State with Rotating Flashlight
Sy Stepanov
Astrophotographer Sy Stepanov took this shot of the auroral display resulting from the solar storm of July 14, 2012. The photo was taken above Lake Chelan, WA. Stepanov says the photo "is a little more creative. It involved myself running in a field during said long exposure while rotating a flashlight. I hope you enjoy."
Aurora over Lake Chelan, WA
Rotating Flashlight Astrophotographer Sy Stepanov took this shot of the auroral display resulting from the solar storm of July 14, 2012. The photo was taken above Lake Chelan, WA, on July 16.
Aurora and Car Headlights at La Valle, WI
Sean Lenz
Astrophotographer Sean Lenz took this photo of an auroral display with car headlights in the foreground at La Valle, WI. Photo taken on July 15, 2012.
Aurora over Northern Manitoba, Canada
Travis Costello
Night sky watcher Travis Costello took this aurora photo in northern Manitoba, Canada, on July 15, 2012. He writes: "I am working on a project in Northern Manitoba, Canada about 40 km west of … Island Lake. I am the inspector on a temporary ice road bridge being built for the next winter season. I have been treated with 2 X flares in as many weeks.... I have always wanted to capture northern lights on my camera and it seems this year my stars were aligned to do so…. It makes it very worthwhile to leave home and my friends for weeks at a time."
Night sky watcher Travis Costello took this aurora photo in northern Manitoba, Canada, on July 15, 2012.
Aurora and American Flag
Melanie Hakala Rossi
Astrophotgrapher Melanie Rossie took this photo of the aurora display and an American flag from Dollar Bay, Michigan on July 15, 2012.
Aurora Over Keweenaw Peninsula
Melanie Rossi caught the auroral display at Calumet Waterworks on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Upper Michigan on July 15, 2012.
Astrophotographer Melanie Rossi caught the auroral display at Calumet Waterworks on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Upper Michigan on July 15, 2012.
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