text:
SLCgene superfamily
Evolution of the SLCgenes
Inorganic cation/anion transport
Amino acid and oligopeptide transport
Transport of glucose and other sugars
Transport of bile salts and organic anions
Metal ion transport
Transport of urea, neurotransmitters and biogenic amines, ammonium and choline
Transport of vitamins and cofactors
Nucleoside/nucleotide transport
Transport of fatty acids, prostaglandins and steroid sulphates
SLCOgene families
Transport across mitochondrial membranes
Genome update
Analysis and update of the human solute carrier (SLC) gene superfamily
Lei He1,
Konstandinos Vasiliou2 and
Daniel W. Nebert3Email author
Human Genomics20093:195
https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-7364-3-2-195
© Henry Stewart Publications 2009
Received: 2 October 2008
Accepted: 2 October 2008
The solute-carrier gene (SLC) superfamily encodes membrane-bound transporters. The SLC superfamily comprises 55 gene families having at least 362 putatively functional protein-coding genes. The gene products include passive transporters, symporters and antiporters, located in all cellular and organelle membranes, except, perhaps, the nuclear membrane. Transport substrates include amino acids and oligopeptides, glucose and other sugars, inorganic cations and anions (H+, HCO3-, Cl-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, PO43-, HPO42-, H2PO4-, SO42-, C2O42-, OH-,CO32-), bile salts, carboxylate and other organic anions, acetyl coenzyme A, essential metals, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, vitamins, fatty acids and lipids, nucleosides, ammonium, choline, thyroid hormone and urea. Contrary to gene nomenclature commonly assigned on the basis of evolutionary divergence http://www.genenames.org/, the SLC gene superfamily has been named based largely on transporter function by proteins having multiple transmembrane domains. Whereas all the transporters exist for endogenous substrates, it is likely that drugs, non-essential metals and many other environmental toxicants are able to 'hitch-hike' on one or another of these transporters, thereby enabling these moieties to enter (or leave) the cell. Understanding and characterising the functions of these transporters is relevant to medicine, genetics, developmental biology, pharmacology and cancer chemotherapy.
solute carrier gene superfamily
uncoupling proteins
mitochondrial proton carriers
evolutionary genomics
The period between the 1980s and the early 1990s might be considered the era of 'the cloning of genes encoding enzymes and transcription factors', whereas that between the early 1990s and the present day could be regarded as focusing on 'the cloning of genes coding for transporters'. One conceivable reason for the earlier spotlight on many of the enzymes and transcription factors is that those gene products were more abundant and/or could be more easily isolated and antibodies generated against them (compared with transporters). Transporters are embedded within membranes and generally have multiple transmembrane domains. Another reason might be that the mRNA transcripts for enzymes are usually shorter than those for transporters, and early reverse transcription activities starting at the 3' end were tedious and less efficient, meaning that longer mRNA transcripts were often unsuccessful.
Proteins with transport functions http://www.tcdb.org/tcdb/ can roughly be divided into three categories: ATP-powered pumps, ion channels and transporters. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) pumps and other ATP-binding pumps use energy released by ATP hydrolysis to move substrates across membranes and out of cells or into cellular vesicles against their electrochemical gradient. These pumps have two states -- open and closed. By contrast, ion channels in most cases exist in the closed state. Substrates (ions or water) are transferred down their electrochemical gradient at extremely high efficiency (up to 108 s-1). There are 49 ABC-related functional genes in the human genome (including the genes encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator [CFTR] and the transporter associated with antigen processing [TAP] 1 and TAP2). Aquaporins (AQPs) are water-channel proteins, encoded by each of 13 AQP functional genes in the human genome http://www.gene-names.org/.
Transporters facilitate the movement of a specific substrate -- either with or against its concentration gradient. It is generally believed that conformational change of the transporter protein is important in this transfer process. Transporters move molecules at only about 102 to 104 s-1, a rate considerably slower than that associated with channel proteins. Many of these transporters belong to the solute-carrier (SLC) gene superfamily -- and include passive transporters, symporters and antiporters, as well as mitochondrial and vesicular transporters. Passive transporters (or uniporters or facilitative transporters) transport one molecule at a time down a concentration gradient. By contrast, active transporters (or co-transporters) couple the movement of one type of ion or molecule against its concentration gradient, to the movement of another ion or molecule down its concentration gradient. (Like ATP pumps, co-transporters mediate coupled reactions in which an energetically unfavourable reaction is coupled to an energetically favourable reaction.) When the transported molecule or ion and the co-transported molecule or ion move in the same direction across a membrane, the transporter is called a symporter; when they move in opposite directions, the transporter is called an antiporter (or exchanger). If the intracellular net charge following transport becomes negative, the process is termed electronegative; if the intracellular net charge becomes positive, the process is called electropositive; if the resulting intracellular net charge remains unchanged, the process is termed electroneutral.
Genes from all these categories are ancient, having members present in most, if not all, prokaryotes, as well as all eukaryotes. Transporters in eukaryotic cells move ions and other molecules across all cellular membranes (cell surface, mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi and other vesicles), with the possible exception of nuclear membranes (which have pores). The portion of the cell exposed to the lumen is called its apical surface; the rest of the cell (ie its sides and base) make up the basolateral surface. Movement of ions or other molecules into the cell is called influx; movement of ions or other molecules out of the cell is termed efflux.
Although several specific families within the SLC superfamily have been reviewed during the past year or two, an overview of the entire gene superfamily has not been attempted since Hediger's publication [1] and the special 2004 issue of Pflugers Archives, which was devoted entirely to most of the SLC gene families. Such an update at the present time is deemed important because the number of genes now known to be in the SLC superfamily has changed considerably since then http://www.tcdb.org/hgnc_explore2.php?stem=SLC.
Currently, there are 55 families in the human SLC gene superfamily, with a total of at least 362 putatively functional protein-coding genes. At least 20-25 per cent amino acid sequence identity (most of which occurs in the consensus domain) is shared by member proteins belonging to the same SLC gene family. Table 1 includes the Pfam number http://pfam.sanger.ac.uk/, consensus sequence (or domain) and GenBank accession number for the first member of the 55 genes/gene products. Note that the SLC35, SLCO1, SLCO2 and SLCO4 families contain two or more subfamilies, whereas the remaining 51 families have no subfamilies (Table 1). In most families where more than one member is present, the first member was chosen to represent that entire family for the global amino acid alignment of the 55 proteins to generate a nearest-neighbour-joining (NNJ) dendrogram (Figure 1).
Human SLC gene superfamily, including description of the gene products
SLC1
High-affinity glutamate and neutral amino acid transporter family
PF00375
NP_004161
Facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) family
14; 5 pseudo
Sugar_tr
Heavy subunits of the heteromeric amino acid transporters
Alpha-amylase
Bicarbonate transporter family
Band_3_cyto
HC03_cotransp
Na+/glucose co-transporter family
Na+- and Cl--dependent neurotransmitter symporter family
SNF
Cationic amino acid transporter/glycoprotein- associated amino acid transporter family
AA_permease
Na+/Ca2+ exchanger family
Na_Ca_ex
Calx_eta
Na+/H+ exchanger family
Na_H_Exchanger
SLC10
Na+/bile salt co-transporter family
Proton-coupled metal ion transporter family
Nramp
Electroneutral cation/Cl- co-transporter family
Na+/SO42-/carboxylate co-transporter family
Na_sulph_symp
Urea transporter family
Proton oligopeptide co-transporter family
PTR2
Monocarboxylate transporter family
MFS_1
Vesicular glutamate transporter family
Vesicular amine transporter family
Folate/thiamine transporter family
Folate_carrier
Type-III Na+/H2PO4- co-transporter family
2; 1 pseudo
PH04
Organic cation/anion/zwitterion transporter family
Na+-dependent ascorbic acid transporter family
Xan_ur_permease
Na+/Ca2+ and Na+/K+ exchanger family
Mitochondrial carrier family
Mito_carr
Multifunctional anion exchanger family
Sulfate_transp
Fatty acid transport protein family
AMP-binding
Na+-coupled nucleoside transport family
Nucleos_tra2_C
Facilitative nucleoside transporter family
Nucleoside_tran
Zn2+ efflux family
Cation_efflux
Copper transporter family
Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter family
Aa_trans
Acetyl coenzyme A transporter family 22
IPR004752
Type-II Na+/HPO42- co-transporter family
Na_Pi_cotrans
(A, B, C, D, E, F)
Nucleoside-sugar transporter family
Nuc_sug_transp
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter family
Sugar-PO43-/PO43- exchanger family
System A & N, Na+-coupled neutral amino acid transporter family
Metal (M2+) ion transporter family
Basolateral iron transporter family
FPN1
MgtE-like Mg2+ transporter family
MgtE
Rh-associated glycoproteins; NH4+ transporter family
Na+-independent system-L-like amino acid transporter family
Choline-like transmembrane transporter activity
DUF580
Putative sugar/H+ symporter activity
Folic acid transporter (heme-containing) activity
Polyspecific H+/organic cation exporter
SLCO1
(A, B, C)
Drug, organic anion transporter family
OATP
Prostaglandin and steroid sulphate transporter family
Drug and organic anion transporter activity
KAzal_2
Thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activity
UCP1
Oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling activity (proton carrier)
The numbers of documented pseudogenes ('pseudo'), to date, are noted in the 'Number of members' column; these numbers are likely to be gross underestimates, however, because if one does a BLAST search with each exon, numerous 'bits and pieces' of the gene plus detritus exons will probably be discovered [2].
Dendrogram of a representative member of each of the 55 human SLC gene families, developed using Clustal W software, to test for evolutionary readiness. To avoid clutter, we have selected only the first member of each family, although most families have two or more members. We also added two unrelated 'outlier' genes (SOD1 and CYP1A1) and two additional members of the SLC39 family (SLC39A2 and SLC39A3) as 'internal controls'. This nearest neighbour-joining (NNJ) method uses only global alignments of the entire protein sequences. In this case, although the NNJ method appears to gives various branches of different lengths, reflecting the presumed time since evolutionary divergence of the various branches of the gene tree, this tree is largely an artefact because the superfamily has mainly been pulled together by nomenclature experts who based this superfamily on function, rather than evolutionary divergence (see text).
What had originally been named the 'SLC21 (organic-anion transporting) family' has now been changed to six highly divergent SLCO families. Also, the SLC42 family has its genes named RHAG, RHBG and RHCG, because they were first characterised as members of the blood Rh factor antigen family (Table 1).
We examined the SLC superfamily by the NNJ method (Figure 1); we included two functionally unrelated 'outlier' genes (SOD1, encoding a soluble protein, and CYP1A1, encoding a membrane-bound protein) and two 'internal controls' within the same subfamily (SLC39A2 and SLC39A3, together with SLC39A1). SOD1 and CYP1A1 appeared to be 'evolutionarily related' to SLC7 and SLC3, respectively (Figure 1). Thus, whereas the three SLC39 family members are clustered, the unrelated 'outliers' did not fall outside the superfamily tree (as they should). From these findings, we conclude that -- although the NNJ method of analysis suggests an evolutionary tree --one cannot detect sufficient evolutionary relatedness for the vast majority of the 55 SLC families making up this superfamily.
There are two clusters of gene families, however, that do show evolutionary relatedness (Figure 1). One is the mitochondrial-transport SLC25 family (of 43 members) clustered together with the three UCP families. This cluster is undoubtedly real because all members are concerned with transport across mitochondrial membranes. The other cluster is the group of six SLCO families. This is intriguing, especially because (vide infra) the substrates are fairly diverse (organic anions and drugs, prostaglandins, lipids and thyroid hormone).
Beyond those two clusters, we see no other statistically significant evolutionary relatedness. Therefore, with the exception of these two clusters, the remainder of the SLC gene families will be discussed on the basis of their common substrates. Many genes in the SLC superfamily are involved in paediatric inherited disorders and other human diseases (see Bergeron et al. [3] and http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=omim). In addition, the functional properties of each family are often summarised on the basis of just a few members that have been thoroughly characterised. If that family has, say, 12 or 23 members, we should keep in mind that it is possible that some of the other members yet to be characterised will not adhere strictly to that specific moniker.
Teleologically, one might argue that inorganic cation and anion transport would be, in evolutionary terms, among the oldest transport functions. Eight families comprise the group that transports exclusively inorganic cations and anions across membranes (Table 1): SLC4, with ten members, plays a pivotal role in mediating Na+- and/or Cl--dependent transport of basic anions (eg HCO3-, CO32-) in various tissues and cell types (in addition to pH regulation, specific members of this family also contribute to vectorial transepithelial base transport in several organ systems, including the kidney, pancreas and eye); [4] SLC8, with three members, is a group of Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (SLC8A1 is known to exchange three extracellular Na+ ions for one intracellular Ca2+ ion and to be involved in cardiac contractility); [5] SLC9, with 11 members, comprises Na+/H+ exchanger proteins involved in the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+; [6] SLC12, with nine members, functions as a Na+, K+ and Cl- ion electroneutral symporter; [7, 8] SLC34, with three members, is an important type II Na+/(HPO4)2- symporter; [9, 10] SLC20, with two members, originally identified as a viral receptor, [11] functions as a type III Na+/(H2PO4)- symporter; [10, 11] SLC24, with six members, is a group of Na+/Ca2+ or Na+/K+ exchangers; [12] and SLC26, with 11 members, is the transepithelial multifunctional anion (eg sulfate, oxalate, HCO3-, Cl-) exchanger family, [13, 14] also important in sound amplification in the cochlea [15].
Eight families are involved as transporters of amino acids and/or oligopeptides (Table 1): SLC1, with seven members, transports high-affinity glutamate and neutral amino acids; [3, 16] SLC3, with two members, encodes transporters of heavy subunits of heteromeric amino acids [3, 17]. The SLC3 family (along with other amino acid carrier SLC1, SLC6 and SCL7 families, plus the glucose carrier SLC2 and SLC5 families) is regarded as a collection of transporters that function mainly in 'epithelial-derived' cells; [3] SLC7, with 14 members, represents cationic amino acid/glycoprotein transporters; [3, 18] SLC15, with four members, represents a family of proton-oligopeptide symporters; [19, 20] SLC17, with eight members, is involved in diverse processes ranging from the vesicular storage of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the degradation and metabolism of glycoproteins; [21] SLC32, with one member only, transports amino acids across vesicle membranes; [22] SLC36, with four members (a mutation in the SLC36A1 gene was recently found to be associated with champagne dilution coat colour in horses [23]), is involved in proton-coupled amino acid transport; [24] SLC38, with 11 members, functions as a sodium-coupled neutral amino-acid transporter; [25] and SLC43, with three members, represents the sodium-independent system-L-like (ie mediating the movement of bulky neutral amino acids across cell membranes) amino acid transporter family [1, 26]. It is worth noting that the SLC32, SLC36 and SLC38 families do appear to be evolutionarily related (Figure 1). SLC16 and SLC22 also transport amino acids, among other substrates, and are described later.
Four families function as sugar transporters (Table 1): SLC2, with 14 members, is the well-studied facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) family; [2, 27] SLC5, with 12 members, functions as a Na+/glucose symporter; [2, 28] SLC37, with four members, is a group of sugar-PO4-/PO4- exchangers, with glucose-6-PO4- transporter-1 being the most well characterised; [29] and SLC45, with four members, appears to function as a sugar/H+ symporter. The SLC45A1 gene is located at 1p36.23 [30]. SLC45A2, associated with skin pigmentation and protection against malignant melanoma, [31] is located at 5p13.3. SLC45A3, located at 1q32.1, is, curiously, one of several genes that have been found to be involved in recurrent gene rearrangements in prostate cancer [32]. SLC45A4 33 was mapped to 8q24.3 http://www.genenames.org/.
Four families participate as transporters of bile salts and organic anions (Table 1): SLC10, with seven members, is involved in bile acid transport; [34] SLC13, with five members, is the Na+/sulphate/selenate/thiosulphate/carboxylate symporter family. The di- and tri-carboxylates include succinate, citrate and alpha-ketoglutarate; [35] SLC16, with 14 members, is involved in the proton-linked transport of monocarboxylate anions (eg lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies) and aromatic amino acids; [36] and SLC47, with two members, has so far only been characterised as a polyspecific H+/organic cation exporter [37]. The SLC47 genes have also been nicknamed 'multidrug and toxicant extrusion-1 and -2' (MATE1 and MATE2). The SLC47A1 and SLC47A2 genes both map to 17p11.2 (http://www.genenames.org/. Four of the SLCO families also participate in organic anion transport, and these are separately described later as an evolutionary cluster.
Six SLC families are involved in metal ion transport (Table 1): SLC11, with two members that function as proton-coupled metal ion influx transporters, also known as the 'natural resistance-associated macrophage protein' (NRAMP) homologues; [38] SLC30, with ten members, is involved in Zn2+ efflux; [39, 40] SLC31, with two members, is a copper influx transporter family; [41] SLC39, with 14 members, functions in the influx of essential metals such as Zn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+ and Mn2+, [40, 42] although non-essential toxic metals such as Cd2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+ can 'hijack' at least two of these transporters; [43, 44] SLC40, with one member only, is a basolateral iron transporter; [45] and SLC41, with three members, is the 'MgtE-like' magnesium transporter family, which has been characterised principally in prokaryotes (also found in yeast, worm and fly), while their physiological role in eukaryotes remains unclear [46].
Five families participate in the transport of these molecules (Table 1): SLC6, with 19 members, represents Na+ and Cl- ion-dependent neurotransmitter (gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine) transporters, [3, 47] having relatives even in prokaryotes; [48] SLC14, with two members, is involved in the transport of urea; [49] SLC18, with three members, transports acetylcholine (by the vesicular acetylcholine transporter SLC18A3) and biogenic amines (by the vesicular monoamine transporters SLC18A1 and SLC18A2) into secretory vesicles, which are then discharged into the extracellular space by exocytosis; [50] SLC22, with 23 members, is highly conserved in the fly and worm, functions in endogenous organic cation/anion/zwitterion (eg carnitine, betaines, amino acids) transport and thus is very important in drug transporter functions; [51] SLC42, with three members [52] that appear to be involved in NH4+ transport (whereas their gene names are RHAG, RHBG and RHCG); and SLC44, with five members and homologues in yeast, fly and worm, appears to be involved in choline transport [53].
Four families participate in vitamin or cofactor transport (Table 1): SLC19, with three members, transports folate and thiamine, energised by a trans-membrane H+/OH- gradient; [54] SLC23, with four members, transports ascorbic acid; [55] SLC33, with a single member, is an acetyl coenzyme A transporter, which serves as a substrate of acetyltransferases that modify the sialyl residues of gangliosides and glycoproteins; [56] SLC46, with three members, is involved in proton-coupled folic acid transport. Homozygous mutations in the SLC46A1 gene, located at 17q11.2, are associated with hereditary folate malabsorption [57]. SLC46A2[58] maps to 9q32, and SLC46A3[33, 59] to 13q12.3 http://www.gene-names.org/.
Three families carry out the transport of nucleosides and nucleotides (Table 1): SLC28, with three members, functions in Na+-coupled nucleoside transport and thus is a potentially important pharmacological target; [60] SLC29, with four members, mediates (along with the SLC28 transporters) uptake of natural nucleosides (among them adenosine) -- these members are major routes of entry for a variety of nucleoside analogues used in anticancer and antiviral therapies; [61] SLC35, with 23 members, transports nucleotide sugars (pooled in the cytosol) into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum, wherein occurs most of the synthesis of glycoconjugates [62].
Two SLC families are involved in these functions (Table 1): SLC27, with six members, participates in the transport of long-chain fatty acids; [63] and SLCO2, with two members (detailed below), functions in prostaglandin and steroid sulphate transport.
The six SLCO gene families represent an evolutionary cluster (Figure 1); four of the families are involved in organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs), which include 14 transmembrane-domain glycoproteins expressed [64] in various epithelial cells (Table 1): SLCO1, with four members, is involved in drug transport; SLCO3, with a single member, transports unknown organic anions; SLCO5 and SLCO6, both families having a single member, also transport unknown organic anions and are believed to be important in drug transport, whereas SLCO2, with two members, functions in the transport of prostaglandins [65] and steroid sulphates [66]. SLCO4, with two members, functions in the transport of thyroid hormone [67]. Most of the SLCO proteins have not yet been well characterised.
The four gene families involved in mitochondrial transport also represent an evolutionary cluster (Figure 1): SLC25, with 43 members (the largest of all SLC families), is known to comprise the 'mitochon-drial carriers', shuttling a variety of metabolites across the mitochondrial inner membrane; [68] and UCP1, [69] UCP2 [70, 71] and UCP3 [70] (located at chromosomes 4q28-q31, 11q13 and 11q13.4, respectively) function as ancient uncoupling proteins, or proton pumps involved in mitochondrial energetics (Table 1).
The SLC gene superfamily comprises 55 families, totalling at last 362 putatively functional protein-coding genes that encode multiple transmembrane transporters. Whereas all the transporters undoubtedly have endogenous substrates, drugs, non-essential metals and many other environmental toxicants in all likelihood are able to 'hitch-hike' on one or another of these transporters, thereby being able to enter (or leave) the cell. Understanding and characterising the functions of all these transporters should be relevant to medicine, genetics, pharmacology and cancer chemotherapy. Because more than half of these genes remain to be characterised, this field seems ripe -- perhaps especially for young investigators who wish to choose a research topic with little or no competition at the present time.
We thank our colleagues, especially David R. Nelson, for valuable discussions and a critical reading of this manuscript. The writing of this review paper was funded, in part, by NIH grant P30 ES06096 (D.W.N.).
NOTE ADDED IN PROOF
The SLC22A12 gene is known to encode urate transporter-1. The very recent finding of an association of mutations in the SLC2A9 gene from dogs exhibiting hyper uricosuria and hyperuricaemia* underscores the importance of SLC289 as an additional uric acid transporter in mammals, which in all likelihood include humans.
*Bannasch, D., Safra, N., Young, A., Karmi, N., Schaible, R.S. and Ling, G.V. (2008), 'Mutations in the SLC289 gene cause hyperuricosuria and hyperuricemia in the dog', PLoS Genet. 30 November; e1000246.
Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Molecular Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA
Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics (CEG), University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA
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Citations: 150 more information


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Top lawmakers reach deal on Ukraine aid, $1.5T spending
Mar 9, 2022, 7:24 AM | Updated: Jun 13, 2022, 3:38 pm
U.S. Senate Majority Leader Sen. Chuck Schumer (D-NY) (L) speaks as Sen. Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (R) listens during a news briefing after a weekly Senate Democratic policy luncheon at the U.S. Capitol March 8, 2022 in Washington, DC. Senate Democrats gathered for a weekly policy luncheon to discuss Democratic agenda. (Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images)
(Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images)
BY ALAN FRAM, ASSOCIATED PRESS
WASHINGTON (AP) — Congressional leaders reached a bipartisan deal early Wednesday providing $13.6 billion to help Ukraine and European allies plus billions more to battle the pandemic as part of an overdue $1.5 trillion measure financing federal agencies for the rest of this year.
Though a tiny fraction of the massive bill, the money countering a Russian blitzkrieg that's devastated parts of Ukraine and prompted Europe's worst refugee crisis since World War II ensured the measure would pass with robust bipartisan support. President Joe Biden requested $10 billion for military, humanitarian and economic aid last week, and Democratic and Republican backing was so staunch that the figure grew to $12 billion Monday and $13.6 billion just a day later.
"We're going to support them against tyranny, oppression, violent acts of subjugation," Biden said at the White House.
Party leaders planned to whip the 2,741-page measure through the House on Wednesday and the Senate by week's end, though that chamber's exact timing was unclear. Lawmakers were spurred by the urgency of helping Ukraine before Russia's military might makes it too late.
They also faced a Friday deadline to approve the government-wide spending measure or face a weekend election-year federal shutdown. As a backstop against delays, the House planned to pass a bill Wednesday keeping agencies afloat through March 15.
Over $4 billion of the Ukraine aid was to help the country and Eastern European nations cope with the 2 million refugees who've already fled the fighting. Another $6.7 billion was for the deployment of U.S. troops and equipment to the region and to transfer American military items to Ukraine and U.S. allies, and there was economic aid and money to enforce economic sanctions against Russia as well.
"War in Europe has focused the energies of Congress to getting something done and getting it done fast," said Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y.
Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said the measure would provide loan guarantees to Poland to help it replace aircraft it is sending Ukraine. "It's been like pulling teeth" to get Democrats to agree to some of the defense spending, he said. But he added, "It's an important step. It needs to be passed. It needs to be passed quickly."
The bipartisan rallying behind the Ukraine aid was just one manifestation of Congress' eagerness to help the beleaguered country, though not all of it has been harmonious.
Republicans accused Biden of moving too slowly to help Ukraine and NATO allies and to impose sanctions against Russia and its president, Vladimir Putin. Democrats countered that time was needed to bring along European allies that rely heavily on Russian energy sources. And a bipartisan push to ban Russian oil imports had become nearly unstoppable before Biden announced Tuesday that he would do that on his own.
The huge overall bill was stocked with victories for both parties.
For Democrats, it provides $730 billion for domestic programs, 6.7% more than last year, the biggest boost in four years. Republicans won $782 billion for defense, 5.6% over last year's levels.
In contrast, Biden's 2022 budget last spring proposed a 16% increase for domestic programs and less than 2% more for defense — numbers that were doomed from the start thanks to Democrats' slender congressional majorities.
The bill was also fueled by large numbers of hometown projects for both parties' lawmakers, which Congress had banned since 2011 but were revived this year. The spending — once called earmarks, now dubbed community projects — includes money for courthouses in Connecticut and Tennessee and repairs to a post office in West Virginia. And it names a federal building in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, after Sen. Richard Shelby, the state's senior GOP senator, a chief author of the bill who's retiring after six terms.
Democrats won $15.6 billion for a fresh round of spending for vaccines, testing and treatments for COVID-19, including $5 billion for fighting the pandemic around the world. That was below Biden's $22.5 billion request.
Republicans said they'd forced Democrats to pay for the entire amount by pulling back money from COVID-19 relief bills enacted previously. Much of the money was to go to help states and businesses cope with the toll of the pandemic.
There's added money for child care, job training, economic development in poorer communities and more generous Pell grants for low-income undergraduates. Public health and biomedical research would get increases, including $194 million for Biden's "Cancer Moonshot" effort to cure the disease.
Citizenship and Immigration Services would get funds to reduce huge backlogs of people trying to enter the U.S. There would be fresh efforts to bolster renewable energy and curb pollution, with some of that aimed specifically at communities of color.
There is added funding to build affordable housing. And the measure distributes billions of dollars initially provided by the bipartisan infrastructure bill enacted last year for road, rail and airport projects.
The bill "delivers transformative federal investments to help lower the cost of living for working families, create American jobs, and provide a lifeline for the vulnerable," said House Appropriations Committee Chair Rosa DeLauro, D-Conn.
The bill renews programs protecting women against domestic violence and requires many infrastructure operators to report significant cyber attacks and ransomware demands to federal authorities. The Defense Department would have to report on extremist ideologies within the ranks.
The measure retains strict decades-old curbs against using federal money for nearly all abortions. It has $300 million in military assistance for Ukraine and $300 million to help nearby countries like the Baltic nations and Poland. Service members would get 2.7% pay raises, and Navy shipbuilding would get a boost in a counter to China.
It "rejects liberal policies and effectively addresses Republican priorities," said Shelby, top Republican on the Senate Appropriations Committee.
Since the government's fiscal year began last Oct. 1, agencies have been running on spending levels approved during Donald Trump's final weeks in the White House. Congress has approved three short-term bills since then keeping agency doors open.
Associated Press writer Farnoush Amiri contributed to this report.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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DHR Home > Historic Registers > Winchester (Ind. City)
138-0008 Glen Burnie
Glen Burnie was part of a 1735 grant to James Wood, who founded Winchester in 1752 and platted its lots. Wood's log-and-stone house was replaced by the present brick dwelling, built ca. 1794 by his son Robert. Glen Burnie remained the home of Wood's descendants through the seventh generation. Although now within Winchester's city limits, the estate preserves its rural character. Extensive gardens were laid out by Julian Wood Glass, Jr., the last of Wood's descendants to live here, after he inherited the property in 1952. Within the gardens is the Wood family cemetery. The first floor of the oldest section, containing the stair hall and dining room, features some of the area's most sophisticated Federal woodwork. The stair hall cornice is decorated with gougework and stars. The property is now a museum administered by the Glass-Glen Burnie Foundation; in 2015 it was included within the boundaries of an expanded Winchester Historic District.


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Jan Oblak speaks about Chelsea transfer rumors
The Slovenian goalkeeper was recommended for the replacement of the Blues shot-stopper Kepa from the stems in Stamford Bridge. Atletico Madrid No.1 Jan Oblak spoke about a potential move to Chelsea and insisted that after their Champions League campaign, there would be time to chat. Oblak has proved to be perhaps the best European football goalkeeper since the move from Benfica to Atletico in 2014 was €16 million (£ 14 million). The 27-year-old has won 256 club appearances in the Europa League and UEFA Super Cup and is also in a Champions League final.
In an ongoing initiative for the installation of a new first-choice 'keeper for the future of Kepa Arrizabalaga, Chelsea is said to have established Oblak as its priority transfer target. After Thibaut Courtois' departure to Real Madrid in 2018, the Blues negotiated a club-record deal of £72 million ($94 million) to carry the Spaniard to Stamford Bridge. Still, he was unable to fulfill his Premier League ambitions.
Oblak sketched his priorities ahead of Thursday's quarter-final match of the Atletico's Champions League with RB Leipzig and confirmed that he would be able to debate his future after the season ends. "This is not the time for that, now it's Leipzig," the Slovenia international told AS. "I'll look back at the season when the last game is over, and, hopefully, we'll have three more [games to play]. "Then there will be time to talk. But first, Leipzig. I'm looking forward to it."
Oblak adds that Atletico wishes that after two tough final derails with Diego Simeone, they will eventually be able to stop hoping for the glory of Europe: "At Atletico, everyone deserves a Champions League, all of us who are here deserve it, but I hope our moment has come.
"It's difficult to think beyond this game, and you have to beat Leipzig and then look at other things. But I couldn't be happier for me, for the team and all Atletico if we win this Champions League." Atletico came third in this period in La Liga but was never really in the lead as local rivals Real Madrid came 17 points clear of them winning the title for the 34th time in the final standings. Oblak has expressed his conviction that Simeone men have fallen behind Real and Barcelona, and that it ought to be higher than secure qualification for the Champion League.
"There is the goal of the club and what it needs [qualifying for the Champions League], and then there is what I had in my head, my hope," said the Atletico shot-stopper. "This was to compete more with Barca and [Real] Madrid until the end of the season, but it couldn't be. The club's target was met, but my hopes weren't."
Atletico and RB Leipzig will be playing in the quarter-finals of the Champions League tonight, and Oblak said he would not worry about his prospects until the end of the season in advance of the game in Lisbon. Lampard has lost trust in Arrizabalaga, and Ajax's Andre Onana has also been mentioned as a potential goal. Chelsea is also affiliated with Dean Henderson of Manchester United, who last season was loaned to Sheffield United, and Nick Pope of Burnley.
Chelsea's other transfer targets
After a miserable defeat at the hands of Bayern Munich in the Champions League on Saturday night, Chelsea got to the end of their season. However, despite signatures from Hakim Ziyech and Timo Werner, Frank Lampard has to deal with many problems in his team. And the Blues head coach has indicated that he will do so in the transfer market. During the last 24 hours, alone Chelsea was updated following the wonder kid Kai Havertz expressed an interest in Declan Rice, West Ham's player, and there was a breakthrough conceivable in attempts to sign Ben Chilwell, the left-back from Leicester City. Talking on the Blue podcast in London, Telegraph's Matt Law claims that Chelsea's first choice regarding their left-back options has always been Ben Chilwell.
The Blues are long associated with Leicester City in its entirety, yet an agreement is not yet decided due to the Foxes' firm valuation. It has created links with Sergio Reguilon, the Real Madrid full-back who is on loan at Sevilla currently, and Nicolas Tagliafico, who plies his trade at Ajax for example. However, Law says that Chilwell is the preferred option of Chelsea.
Related TopicsAtletico MadridChelseaJan OblakTransfersUEFA Champions League
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Newton, Frank Graham (1877–1962)
by Ian McNeill
Frank Newton, by George Lambert, 1918
Australian War Memorial, ART02796
Frank Graham Newton (1877-1962), soldier and pastoralist, was born on 5 October 1877 at Redland Bay, Queensland, son of London-born Richard Newton, planter and later stock and station agent, and his wife Mary Lucy, née Underwood. Newton was educated at Brisbane Grammar School and afterwards worked as a bank clerk. On the outbreak of the South African War he enlisted with a group of volunteers, all required to be 'trained men, expert shots, and good riders', who formed the 2nd Contingent of Queensland Mounted Infantry. They embarked on 13 January 1900.
For part of his tour of duty Newton fought under the command of Major (General Sir Harry) Chauvel. During one battle escapade the two men captured a Maxim machine-gun. They became lifelong friends, Newton acting as best man at Chauvel's wedding in 1906 and serving again under him at Gallipoli and in Palestine. Newton was promoted lieutenant on 1 May 1900 and after being severely wounded on 12 August was invalided to England.
In 1903-09 Newton was aide-de-camp and later private secretary to the governors of Queensland, first Sir Herbert Chermside and then Lord Chelmsford. He left the army in 1909 to work on the land. Having been invited in 1910 by Chelmsford, then governor of New South Wales, to return temporarily as A.D.C., he met Lady Chelmsford's young English companion Kathleen Verney. They were married on 10 April 1912 in St John's Anglican Cathedral, Brisbane, and went to live at Claydon, a sheep property in western Queensland that Newton had won in a land ballot.
Leaving Claydon in the hands of a manager, Newton was appointed lieutenant in the 5th Light Horse Regiment, Australian Imperial Force, on 16 December 1914. He sailed for Egypt on 20 December and joined the 5th L.H.R. on Gallipoli on 6 August 1915. He was appointed adjutant on 30 August and temporary captain on 3 October and for a time commanded 'C' Squadron. After continuous occupation of forward trenches Newton, confirmed as captain on 13 December, led a party in the evacuation of Gallipoli on the night of 19 December.
Promoted major on 26 March 1916, Newton commanded 'B' Squadron, 5th L.H.R., during the advance from the Sinai Desert into Palestine, after which on 18 June 1917 he was attached to the headquarters of the Desert Column, soon reorganized as the Desert Mounted Corps. He was promoted lieutenant-colonel on 1 January 1918, remaining on the staff during the great offensive through Palestine ending in armistice with the Turks on 31 October. Except for one month's attachment in England, Newton then served at A.I.F. Headquarters and Headquarters, Desert Mounted Corps, Egypt. In this period he accompanied Chauvel's party retracing the campaign through Sinai and Palestine. Newton was demobilized in Australia on 31 July 1919.
Tall and sinewy, dynamic, and with a pleasant disposition, Newton was liked and respected by both officers and men, the latter nicknaming him 'the official pullthrough'. He was noted for outstanding ability and tact and able liaison with subordinate units. He was twice decorated, with disappointingly brief citations. The C.B.E. citation reads, 'For valuable services in connexion with military operations in Egypt', and the Distinguished Service Order was 'awarded for distinguished service in connexion with military operations in Egypt'. He was twice mentioned in dispatches.
Newton and his family settled at Bendee, a sheep property he purchased near Stanthorpe in southern Queensland, Claydon having been sold. During the next twenty years he was active in local affairs. In 1946, when their son Richard took over Bendee, Colonel and Mrs Newton retired to Surfers Paradise. In 1961 they moved to Brisbane where, survived by his wife, son, and three of their four daughters, Newton died on 1 November 1962. He was cremated with Anglican rites.
Aust Defence Dept, Official Records of the Australian Military Contingents to the War in South Africa, P. L. Murray ed (Melb, 1911)
L. C. Wilson and H. Wetherell, History of the Fifth Light Horse Regiment (Syd, 1926)
H. S. Gullett, Sinai and Palestine (Syd, 1938)
A. J. Hill, Chauvel of the Light Horse (Melb, 1978)
London Gazette, 1, 22 Jan, 3, 5 June 1919
war diary, 5th Light Horse Regiment, AIF (Australian War Memorial)
Newton, Mary Lucy (mother)
Newton, Richard (father)
Biddle, Kate Augusta (aunt)
Holden, Emily Susannah (aunt)
Underwood, William Thomas (uncle)
Underwood, Richard Walter (uncle)
Underwood, Joseph John (uncle)
Underwood, John George (uncle)
Underwood, James (uncle)
Underwood, Edward Leslie (uncle)
Biddle, Arthur Cumming (uncle by marriage)
Underwood, Susannah (grandmother)
Underwood, William (grandfather)
Ian McNeill, 'Newton, Frank Graham (1877–1962)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/newton-frank-graham-7833/text13601, published first in hardcopy 1988, accessed online 20 January 2020.
Redland Bay, Queensland, Australia
colonial militia (Australia)
grazier (sheep)


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Pursuit of Niagara Falls carjacking suspects ends in crash
NIAGARA FALLS, N.Y. (WIVB) — Two people were hospitalized following a carjacking Friday night in Niagara Falls.
Niagara Falls Police responded to a report of a stolen vehicle at 5th and Niagara St. The victim told police two armed men took his 2008 Chevy Tahoe around 8:50 p.m.
The vehicle was seen driving on Lewiston Road a short time later. The stolen vehicle attempted to evade police before crashing into a 2019 GMC Terrain on Hyde Park Boulevard near North Avenue.
Authorities say the 30-year old male driver of the GMC was taken to ECMC and being treated for multiple fractures.
After striking the GMC, the 20-year old male driver of the Tahoe lost control of the truck, veered off the road and into a wooden stockade fence at the corner of North and Hyde Park.
The driver of the stolen truck has several open warrants for his arrest. He was taken to ECMC for injuries that are expected to require surgery. The passenger fled the scene.
Police are determining the charges while the incident is under investigation.
by HOWARD FENDRICH, Associated Press / Jan 21, 2020
MELBOURNE, Australia (AP) — Her Grand Slam losing streak up to four matches, Maria Sharapova surely was aware questions about her future would be coming.
She wasn't able to provide answers.
by MARÍA VERZA and SONIA PÉREZ D., Associated Press / Jan 21, 2020
CIUDAD HIDALGO, Mexico (AP) — Hundreds of Central American migrants were stranded in a sort of no-man's land on the river border between Guatemala and Mexico after running up against lines of Mexican National Guard troops deployed to keep them from moving en masse into the country and on north toward the U.S.
Naked children played amid the sand and trash Monday evening as clothing and shoes hung from the trees to dry along the Suchiate River, normally a porous waterway plied all day by rafts ferrying people and goods across. Men grilled a fish over a small fire below the border bridge, and migrants bedded down under blankets on the banks or dry sections of the riverbed without knowing what might come next.
Today's Forecast / 6 hours ago
Genesee County gun range owner travels to Richmond for Virginia gun rally


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Best Places to Visit in December
by Mark Ellwood
Warm weather included.
This month, considering jetting around to see how other cultures tackle the holiday season. The best places to visit in December include plenty of twinkly Christmas markets, but if frosted trees and mulled wine leave you cold, there are several warm-weather getaways to head to, from Miami's annual artfest to beachfront retreats in the reborn St. Barts. Either way, we have you covered.
This gallery was last updated in November 2018. It has been updated with new information. All listings featured in this story are independently selected by our editors. However, when you book something through our retail links, we may earn an affiliate commission.
Amsterdam celebrates the holidays for the entire month. Early in December, the focus is on Sinterklaas, the local answer to Santa, whom legend says spends much of the year in Spain before returning to Holland in mid-November. Head there on December 5, the evening before the Feast of Saint Nicholas, to experience Sinterklaasavond (Sinterklaas evening) or Pakjesavond (gift evening), which is the main gift-giving event of the season: Expect lots of celebrations throughout the city, and opportunities to sample pepernoten (spiced cookies) and marzipan treats. If you miss that date, don't worry, as there are more than two dozen Christmas markets dotted throughout Amsterdam, from historic Haarlem to the Winter Village Stadshart, where there's also an ice rink. Amsterdam's center is also festooned with installations via the annual Light Festival—view the works on foot, by bike or even better, on a special nighttime cruise. Then there's the 250-year-old World Christmas Circus, featuring acrobats, trapeze artists and other acts; it runs for three weeks at the Royal Theatre Carré. In fact, there's so much going on this month here, consider booking a tour to help you squeeze everything in.
Just five years after construction began, the new 450 billion yen ($4.14 billion), four-runway Daxing airport has opened. Designed by the late starchitect Zaha Hadid, it's the city's second major hub, and is aimed at easing congestion at Beijing Capital International Airport in the northeast. It's a fine incentive to visit the city right now, where cooler winter temperatures—expect them to hover around freezing for much of the month—tamp down the smog, which can stifle a summer visit. All the main attractions, including the Forbidden City and the Great Wall, remain open alongside plenty of winter-only sights, like several superb ice-skating spots where you can also try ice-bikes, bumper cars and even ice-rickshaws. (Try Qianhai, overlooking Drum Tower, or Zizhuyuan Park, where there's a speed skating section for any would-be pros.) Take a day trip to the nearby Huaibei International Ski Resort, too, which has impressive runs plus views of the Great Wall. Book a room at the new BEI Zhaolong hotel, the first foray into Asia by the funky, Hyatt-owned boutique chain.
It was two years ago when tiny, tony St. Barts felt the full force of two devastating hurricanes in quick succession. Yet by December 2019, it has almost fully rebounded, with two of the island's most beloved luxury boltholes reopening at last. The beachfront 37-room Eden Rock is officially welcoming guests again, as is the 23-room Hotel Barrière Le Carl Gustaf, set on a hill in the middle of the cobblestoned capital Gustavia. December, of course, is the island's peak season, especially over the last two weeks, when it's packed with celebrities on boats and in villas, prepping to celebrate New Year's Eve at clubs like Shellona Beach or Nikki Beach (there's a regatta every year on December 31 to help showcase those mega yachts). Come on the weekends before Christmas, however, and you can shop the 10th edition of the Magic of Christmas village in Gustavia: expect crafts, snacks and a visit from a sunburnt Santa—or Père Noël, as the locals might say.
Jack Affleck/Courtesy Vail Ski Resort
If you'd rather spend your December outdoors than cozying up by the fire, head to Colorado's Vail Ski Resort, which has just added more than 60 acres of new snowmaking terrain to its already impressive, 5,200-acre assortment of runs, including, of course, its seven Back Bowls. Watch some of the world's best skiers compete at Birds of Prey World Cup, a three-day event just outside town; the racecourse was designed by Olympic downhill Swiss gold medalist Bernhard Russi, and tests speed, strength, and skill. Take the edge off that adrenaline-pumping event at Beers of Prey, an offshoot featuring a sampling of limited-edition local brews at Beaver Creek Village. In Vail proper, meanwhile, enjoy four days of parties and free concerts from bands like Modest Mouse at Ford Park from December 12 as part of Vail Snow Days. Later in the month, welcome in 2020 with a torchlit ski down and fireworks on New Year's Eve.
Art Basel Miami Beach turns 18 when it descends on Miami this month, commandeering the revamped Convention Center near the beach. Even if you don't visit the glitzy, four-day art fair itself, look out for the pop-up sculpture installed outside by prankish duo Elmgreen and Dragset: the enormous, bent swimming pool is an irresistible selfie magnet. Book a room at one of the newest hotels to arrive on the beach: Greystone, is just a few minutes' walk from the art fair and a thoughtful relaunch of a 1936-built hotel; Palihouse, the first East Coast outpost for LA-based Paligroup, which has taken over the onetime Greenbrier close by in Indian Creek; or the ultra-luxe, 19-room Lennox with plush interiors by Argentinean designer Juan Ciavarella. Don't limit yourself to the beach, though: after two decades of effort, the energy of Art Basel has finally spread to the rest of the city, especially in the artist-heavy Wynwood, home to the year-round graffiti installation Wynwood Walls and top-notch restaurants like chef Brad Kilgore's Alter.
There's a reason why Copenhagen is one of the best places to visit in December: this month, expect Denmark to reach peak hygge. Walking into Tivoli Gardens this month is like stepping inside a Christmas card: the charming, 176-year old green space is decorated with 1,000 trees and 70,000 ornaments, while the restaurants onsite offer their own version of Julefrokost, or Christmas lunch. (Be warned: you'll be glugging plenty of local schnapps.) Browse one of the city's countless Christmas markets, like the one at Kongens Nytorv, the main square, or the one-day only luxury market along Elmegade in Nørrebro on December 8 (try some of the donut hole-like local delicacy, æbleskiver). Even better, you can finally scoot around the city center via the metro's newly opened loop line, which has taken 10 years to construct and is the perfect way to get around during the chilly weather. You could also head to a sauna like Badehuset in the hippie enclave of Christiania or just hunker down for an indulgent afternoon tea at the five-star Hotel Nimb, with carols crooned by local jazz singer Frederikke Vedel.
Have yourself a merry little Christmas in the city that was serenaded by Judy Garland at the end of Meet Me in St Louis some 75 years ago. St. Louis has embraced its unofficial role as one of America's yuletide capitals ever since (check out the Garden Glow at the Botanical Garden here) and there's even a new Polar Express-themed train ride at the Union Station development. The $187 million makeover of the grand terminal has seen the waiting room and its surroundings reborn as an upscale, namesake hotel. Meanwhile, a historically protected section at the back has been repurposed as a family entertainment complex, complete with the city's first big wheel (take a turn for a great view of the Arch on the horizon). This December, the station's newest attraction opens: the St. Louis Aquarium, which will showcase 13,000 fish including 60 sharks and rays. The main draw, though, is likely to be Lord Stanley the blue lobster, a naturally occurring, incredibly rare find who was rescued from the boiling pot to live here.


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Interested in joining our BCA Family?
Thank you for considering Bridgeport Catholic as an option for your child's education. Please review the information below and contact us at 773-376-6223 if you have any questions about the registration process. We look forward to hearing from you!
Admission Policies and Requirements
Bridgeport Catholic Academy has a non-discriminatory policy in accordance with the Archdiocese of Chicago. This policy is:
Every Catholic child, whether his parents are Catholic or not, has the right to attend his/her parish school;
Neither race, sex, creed, ethnic or national origin may prevent a child from being admitted to Bridgeport Catholic Academy;
As a general policy, any child admitted in September shall be allowed to complete the school year.
Order of Admission
Admission of students to any site of the Bridgeport Catholic Academy shall be accepted in accordance with the following guidelines in the order of priority as listed:
Students currently enrolled at Bridgeport Catholic Academy
Brothers and sisters of currently-enrolled students
Children of parishioners seeking enrollment for the first time or now reaching school age
Applicants whose residence is in the Bridgeport Community: a.) Catholic; b.) Non-Catholic
Transfer students from other Catholic schools: a.) From schools that are merging or consolidating; b.) From schools not offering full programs or from parishes with no schools
Applicants whose residence is outside the Bridgeport community, only if and where space is available and as follows: a.) Catholic – with approval of Pastor and Principal in the home Parish; b.) Non-Catholic.
Age of Admission
A child entering Bridgeport Catholic Academy must be in compliance with the requirements of the State of Illinois regarding admission.
Pre-Kindergarten 3: Child must be three years old by September 1st
Pre-Kindergarten 4: Child must be four years old by September 1st
Kindergarten: Child must be five years old by September 1st
Admission of New Students
For the admission of a Pre-Kindergarten, Kindergarten, or First Grade student, parents shall present:
An official copy of the child's birth certificate
The baptismal record (if applicable)
A record of compliance with the local and State of Illinois health requirements
Admission of Transfer Students
For the admission of transfer students, parents shall present the proper transfer or some appropriate notification from the school previously attended. Upon written request from BCA, all records from the former school, including health records, shall be transferred.
All transfer students will be subject to an evaluation and conference at the end of the first semester. Bridgeport Catholic Academy reserves the right to recommend alternative placement if the student is unable to comply with BCA's academic standards and expectations or conform to BCA's rules and regulations.
Examination of Past Records
Registration will not be finalized until previous academic records are furnished by the parent or the transferring school, and examined by Bridgeport Catholic Academy school officials to ensure proper placement.


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BBC presenter claims he was fired for being 'a white man'
Mon 9:46 am +00:00, 3 Oct 2016
2 Oct, 2016 21:25
© Alessia Pierdomenico / Reuters
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) came under fire after veteran radio host Jon Holmes was sacked from his show to make room for increased diversity.
When Holmes learned he was being axed from Radio 4's The Now Show, bosses told him it was being recast "with more women and diversity."
Jon Holmes: I'm Fully In Favour of Diversity, Unless It Actually Means Fewer Opportunities For White Men.https://t.co/5JugtavQbs
— Andy Hinton (@achinton) October 2, 2016
The decision caused Holmes to ponder, "should I, as a white man (through no fault of my own), be fired from my job because I am a white man?'"
Jon Holmes, successful comedian, white & sacked so BBC can meet positive discrimination targets shows why such schemes are counterproductive
— Tamara (@Tamara_writer) October 2, 2016
According to Holmes, BBC bosses told him privately that political correctness had "all got out of hand."
He claims to have been contacted by many people in the business who feel diversity has gone too far.
"What if just the best human got the job, irrespective of anything?" he asked in a piece written for the Mail on Sunday.
For anyone wondering.. pic.twitter.com/MwTmRnekw5
— Jon Holmes (@jonholmes1) October 2, 2016
Holmes later sought to distance himself from the Mail article, tweeting that he had not contacted them to write the piece.
The BBC responded to the outrage stating that "while the government's new charter for the BBC does set us diversity targets, we always hire presenters on merit."
"We'd like to thank Jon Holmes for his contribution but our comedy shows are constantly evolving and it was simply time to create opportunities for new regulars when The Now Show returns this autumn," the BBC said in a statement. "Jon's contract was lapsed and wasn't renewed and this was a creative not a diversity decision."
Holmes had been employed on the show as a writer and performer since 1997. He has won two Baftas, eight Sony awards and two British Comedy awards.
In April the BBC announced new diversity targets to ensure women will make up 50 percent of staff and minorities fifteen percent by 2020. LGBTQI representation is aimed to be eight percent.
While many on social media agreed with Holmes, many others mocked the host due to his white male privilege.
i'm sure this has been said before, but after 18 years it's not unusual to want to refresh a show's lineup https://t.co/aNFrrlk7za
— Jonathan Paige (@johnnypaige) October 2, 2016
Tough 1, I think BBC has become way too PC but maybe 18 years is time for a change? @jonholmes1 IS very funny tho.
https://t.co/1rdUlvFfmL
— Kate Griffiths (@katesfxmakeup) October 2, 2016
Mmmh…Aah Poor white men being oppressed…
BBC presenter Jon Holmes claims he was sacked for being a white man https://t.co/wKbVTpyqg8
— Prof Kalwant Bhopal (@KalwantBhopal) October 2, 2016
Some also pointed to the fact that shaking up a show's lineup after 18 years isn't so unusual.
"Jon's contract was lapsed and wasn't renewed and this was a creative not a diversity decision." lol https://t.co/IEgxNbX4fd
— Chris (@ursusocculta) October 2, 2016
Source: https://www.rt.com/uk/361396-bbc-presenter-fired-white/
BBC news boss says too many top presenters are white men – Daily Mail
www.dailymail.co.uk/…/BBC-race-bias-Corporations-news-boss-says-presenters-white…
28 Apr 2014 – BBC's bias against minorities: Corporation's news boss says there are not enough black or female presenters because managers tend to recruit …
More at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2615471/BBC-race-bias-Corporations-news-boss-says-presenters-white-men-managers-recruits-look-like-them.html
Why are there so many Black and Asian presenters on Children's TV?
http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/showthread.php?t=689485


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Mother's Day: Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, Allyson Felix win historic golds at world champs
By OlympicTalkSep 29, 2019, 5:45 PM EDT
Two years ago, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce went into labor while watching the women's 100m final at the world championships. On Sunday, at the next edition of the biennial worlds, she became the first mom to win an Olympic or world 100m title in 24 years and the oldest woman (mother or not) to do it at age 32.
Fraser-Pryce and Allyson Felix made it an unforgettable night for athlete moms, each earning record-breaking gold medals in Doha.
Fraser-Pryce, a 32-year-old Jamaican with Superman ice cream-colored hair, became the oldest woman to win an Olympic or world 100m title, two years after having her first child, Zyon.
"The females keep showing up," Fraser-Pryce said on the BBC while holding Zyon across her chest. "Hoping that I can give inspiration to all the women who are thinking about starting a family or currently starting a family and wondering if they can come back."
Fraser-Pryce, up to six combined Olympic and world 100m titles, became the first mom to win the sport's marquee sprint at an Olympics or worlds since Gwen Torrence in 1995. She clocked 10.71 seconds, fastest time in the world this year, beating Brit Dina Asher-Smith by .12. Ivorian Marie-Josee Ta Lou took bronze.
Rio gold medalist Elaine Thompson was fourth, losing a 100m final to her countrywoman for the first time.
TRACK WORLDS: Results | TV Schedule
It was in Rio that Fraser-Pryce took bronze in the 100m with an injured toe, after golds in 2008 and 2012. There was reason to doubt if she could remain a podium finisher going into her 30s. And that was before pregnancy meant she would take 20 months before her next meet in 2018.
"When I found out I was pregnant, I was sitting on my bed for like two hours, and I didn't go to practice in the morning because I didn't know what to do," Fraser-Pryce said. "I made a vow that I was coming back."
On Aug. 6, 2017, Fraser-Pryce watched the world women's 100m final on TV. "I remember sitting there, and I went into labor because I was watching the race," she said. "So I had my son the next day, like in the evening during the medal [ceremony]. So that was my gold medal."
Zyon came via C-section on Aug. 7, 2017. Fraser-Pryce went three or four months before lifting a weight. Once she returned to the track, she skipped practices here or there due to pain.
"I wouldn't trade it for anything else," she said. "Because it has definitely made me tougher, and stronger and more committed."
In her first meet back in 2018, Fraser-Pryce clocked 11.52 seconds, eight tenths off her best. She raced eight times before breaking 11 again, all while breastfeeding for the first 15 months.
This year, she's run in the 10.7s a total of four times, becoming the fastest mom in history. Her coach told her earlier that she's still not all the way back.
"Zyon has been my strength, my family, my husband, they have been my strength," she said. "When everybody else doubted, they never did."
The U.S. failed to put a woman in the top four at a worlds for the first time in history. National champion Teahna Daniels was seventh.
Defending champion Tori Bowie withdrew before the semifinals after struggling coming back from injury and dealing with a coaching change. Fellow Rio Olympian English Gardner pulled up with a leg injury in her semifinal, her latest poor luck with health. It's very possible the U.S. could also miss the medals in the 200m and 400m, too, unprecedented for the world's greatest track nation.
At least there is Felix.
At 33, she broke her tie with Usain Bolt for the most world titles, grabbing her 12th overall and first as a mom as part of the first mixed-gender 4x400m relay. More on that here.
Felix said she has spoken a lot with Fraser-Pryce.
"I got goosebumps watching her run," she said. "She's had a hard road, too, and really keeps encouraging me. Her first year wasn't the best, but the second year, I mean, she's better than ever. … She's leading the way."
In other events, American Christian Taylor earned his fourth world title in the triple jump, adding to his two Olympic golds.
Taylor fouled his first two jumps, registered a clean one on his third to stay alive and then posted the two best marks of 17.86 and 17.92 meters. Taylor relegated countryman Will Claye to silver and a lower podium spot for a sixth time. Claye owns seven total Olympic or world silver or bronze medals, but no golds.
Russian pole vaulter Anzehlika Sidorova cleared 4.95 meters on her third attempt to relegate American Sandi Morris to her third straight silver medal at a global outdoor championship. Sidorova will hear the IAAF anthem at her medal ceremony since Russia is still banned from sending teams to international track and field meets for its doping problems.
In semifinals, American contenders Donavan Brazier and Clayton Murphy advanced to Tuesday's final. That final will lack two-time Olympic champion and world-record holder David Rudisha (out the last two years, partly due to injury), the defending world champion Pierre-Ambroise Bosse of France and the fastest man this year, Botswana's Nijel Amos (Achilles).
Brazier, third-fastest in the world this year, won his semifinal in 1:44.87. Murphy, the Rio Olympic bronze medalist, advanced as a time qualifier after placing third in his semifinal in 1:44.48.
The 200m favorite Noah Lyles cruised in his world championships debut, easing up to take second in his first-round heat in 20.26 seconds and advancing to Monday's semifinals. He ran in silver hair as an homage to Dragon Ball Z character Goku, whose hair turns silver at his final stage, Ultra Instinct.
Lyles owns the world's fastest time this year — 19.50 seconds — which is .23 faster than anybody else in the field has clocked in 2019.
NBC Olympics senior researcher Alex Azzi contributed to this report from Doha.
MORE: No Christian Coleman-Noah Lyles showdown at track worlds
Tags: Anzehilka Sidorova, Christian Taylor, Clayton Murphy, Donavan Brazier, Elaine Thompson, English Gardner, Jamaica, Noah Lyles, olympics, Sandi Morris, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, Tori Bowie, track and field, Will Claye, World Track and Field Championships, Anzehilka Sidorova, Christian Taylor, Clayton Murphy, Donavan Brazier, Elaine Thompson, English Gardner, Noah Lyles, Sandi Morris, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, Tori Bowie, Will Claye
World track and field championships to open with field stars, hot marathon
By Beau DureSep 26, 2019, 5:15 PM EDT
The last track and field world championships under the IAAF name — the world federation has approved a name change to World Athletics — will start Friday in Doha, Qatar at 4:30 p.m. local time (9:30 a.m. Eastern time) with the qualification round of the long jump.
Through the course of the day, top field event starts will be in action, trying to qualify for the finals in their events. Up first is Olympic long jump champion Jeff Henderson, who has had a curious season — his jump of 8.38 meters from April is fourth in the world this year, but he hasn't been close to that since.
Women's pole vaulter Jenn Suhr, the 2012 gold medalist, has had a similar season, clearing 4.91 meters in March but struggling the rest of the year. She's one of three U.S. medal contenders along with Sandi Morris and Katie Nageotte.
One of the best friendly rivalries in sports will resume in men's triple jump qualification, with Will Claye and Christian Taylor drawn into different groups.
READ: Claye, Taylor have epic duel in Paris
Gwen Berry, a hammer thrower who raised a fist on the Pan Am Games podium to draw attention to social issues this summer, is part of a trio of Americans occupying the top three places on the world performance list this year. DeAnna Price is first on the list, followed by Brooke Andersen. They'll all be in action trying to avoid stumbling in the qualifying round.
READ: Imboden, Berry protest at Pan Am Games
Other top U.S. athletes going through qualifying rounds Friday include Ajee Wilson in the women's 800m, Vashti Cunningham in the women's high jump, Emma Coburn in the women's steeplechase and Rai Benjamin in the men's 400m hurdles.
NBCSN will have live coverage of the day's action from 9:30 a.m. to 2 p.m. Eastern, and NBC Sports Gold will stream live coverage of every event over the 10-day meet.
A few hours later (11:59 p.m. local time, 4:59 p.m. ET), the women's marathon will take place — probably.
The weather in Doha has been a serious concern, and the current forecast calls for 90-degree temperature along with a steamy humidity reading in the mid-70s. Postponement is an option.
Kenya's Ruth Chepngetich is the favorite after winning the Dubai Marathon in January with the third-fastest time ever — 2:17:08.
The Olympic Channel will carry the race live. NBC Sports Gold will have extended coverage starting at 4:30 p.m. ET.
TRACK AND FIELD WORLDS: TV Schedule | U.S. Roster
Tags: Ajee Wilson, Brooke Andersen, Christian Taylor, Deanna Price, Emma Coburn, Gwen Berry, Jeff Henderson, Jenn Suhr, Katie Nageotte, marathon, olympics, Rai Benjamin, Ruth Chepngetich, Sandi Morris, Vashti Cunningham, Will Claye, World Track and Field Championships, Ajee Wilson, Brooke Andersen, Christian Taylor, Deanna Price, Emma Coburn, Gwen Berry, Jeff Henderson, Jenn Suhr, Katie Nageotte, Rai Benjamin, Ruth Chepngetich, Sandi Morris, Vashti Cunningham, Will Claye
Dalilah Muhammad breaks 400m hurdles world record after 'freak' concussion
By Nick ZaccardiJul 28, 2019, 10:30 PM EDT
DES MOINES — Dalilah Muhammad came back from a mild concussion to break the 16-year-old world record in the 400m hurdles at the USATF Outdoor Championships on Sunday night. She has a knack for overcoming obstacles — beyond just the 10 barriers on the track — and surprising herself.
"I'm still in shock," Muhammad said after clocking 52.20 seconds on a wet track, similar to the conditions for her Rio Olympic title.
Muhammad, who took .14 off Yuliya Pechonkina's mark from 2003, said she was "kind of shut down" after falling in training two weeks ago. She lost focus while running — without hurdles — and took a "freak" fall, scraping skin.
"Nothing major," the Queens, N.Y., native said. "Yesterday was like, OK, I'm ready to run again."
Muhammad moved after hurdle six in Sunday's final, surging past 2015 World silver medalist Shamier Little to her outside coming around the last curve. (This field was one of the deepest of the four-day meet with four Olympic or world medalists, plus Sydney McLaughlin, the fastest woman in the world in 2018 and, until Sunday, 2019.)
As Muhammad strained for home, she heard the voice of coach Lawrence Johnson in her head, saying, you've got to execute that last 40 meters. Drop your arms.
"I was just trying to hold on," she said.
The celebration didn't match the enormity of the moment. Muhammad saw her time, clapped her hands and leaned over momentarily before accepting a hug from McLaughlin, who finished second in 52.88 to make her first world team.
"I've been kind of hitting that time in practice consistently," said Muhammad, whose previous personal best was 52.64 from 2017. "I was hoping for it this whole weekend."
In 2012, Muhammad finished fifth at her last NCAA Championships for USC. Twenty days later, she was sixth in her first-round heat at the Olympic trials, a full six seconds slower than what she ran at Drake Stadium on Sunday.
She stayed in the sport, unsponsored, and in Los Angeles, financially supported by her parents. Her mom, Nadirah, worked as a child protection specialist in New York City. Father Askia served as a Muslim Chaplain for the New York City Department of Correction and an adjunct professor of Islamic Studies at the New York Theological Seminary.
Something clicked under those circumstances in 2013. Muhammad lowered her best time from 56.04 to 53.83 to win the U.S. title. Then she earned world silver, picking up a Nike sponsorship along with it.
But 2014, 2015 and even early 2016 brought more hurdles — a quad injury, "personal problems," and, four months before the Olympic trials, reportedly changing coaches from Yolanda Demus (mother of now-former American record holder Lashinda Demus) to Johnson, who also coached Olympic 100m hurdles champion Brianna McNeal.
It worked. Muhammad clocked a personal-best 52.88 to win trials. She went to the Olympics owning the fastest time in the world for the year by 1.08 seconds over her next-closest competitor in Rio. She lived up to overwhelming favorite status, taking gold by a comfortable .42.
"The gold was so far from my mind; that definitely wasn't the goal going into 2016," she said. "I just wanted to make it as a 400m hurdler."
Muhammad went even faster to win the 2017 U.S. title — 52.64 — but then hurt her hamstring and finished second to countrywoman Kori Carter at worlds in 53.50.
In 2018, McLaughlin ran 52.75 and turned professional after one season at Kentucky. At 18, McLaughlin said she had designs on the world record, and many believed it was coming.
"Maybe the biggest prodigy in the history of the sport," NBC Sports analyst Ato Boldon said on Sunday's broadcast of McLaughlin, who made the Rio team at 16 and was eliminated in the Olympic semifinals as the youngest U.S. track and field competitor since 1972.
McLaughlin has 386,000 Instagram followers. Muhammad eclipsed 26,000 on Sunday night.
"I felt like the underdog in the race," said Muhammad, who was beaten by McLaughlin in Oslo last month, their first head-to-head in two years. "I think people always kind of root for the underdog."
USATF OUTDOORS: Full Results
In other events Sunday, Noah Lyles made his first world championships team by winning the 200m in 19.78 seconds. He topped U.S. 100m champion Christian Coleman, who was second in 20.02 to set up a 100m-200m double in Doha. More on Lyles-Coleman here.
Olympic 1500m champion Matthew Centrowitz was upset by mulletted Craig Engels, but Centrowitz still finished second to make his seventh straight Olympic or world team.
Favorites Daniel Roberts, Grant Holloway and Devon Allen went one-two-three in the 110m hurdles to make up that world team. Holloway beat Roberts at the NCAA Championships in 12.98 seconds, fastest in the world this year, then dived across the finish line Sunday to secure his first world spot. Roberts won in 13.23.
Dezerea Bryant won the women's 200m in 22.47 seconds, while U.S. 100m champion Teahna Daniels missed the world team in this event .02, taking fourth.
Emma Coburn earned her eighth steeplechase title in nine years, even though she did not need to race here because she as a bye into Doha as defending world champion. Coburn is joined on the world team by Courtney Frerichs, who took second, just as she did at 2017 Worlds.
Coburn ranks third in the world this year behind Kenyans Beatrice Chepkoech (world-record holder) and Norah Jeruto.
Olympic 800m bronze medalist Clayton Murphy fought traffic in the last 200 meters to go from fourth to second behind Donavan Brazier and qualify for worlds. Brazier, 22, ranks fifth in the world this year after being eliminated in the semifinals in his world champs debut in 2017.
Ajeé Wilson earned her third straight U.S. 800m title, clocking 1:57.72. She's a medal favorite at worlds given the absence of Olympic silver and bronze medalists Francine Niyonasaba and Margaret Wambui due to the IAAF's new testosterone-capping rule. However, two-time Olympic champion Caster Semenya is for the moment eligible while appealing.
Athing Mu, 17, finished fifth in a personal-best 2:01.17.
Lopez Lomong, who won the 10,000m on Thursday, doubled up in the 5000m, but he can't compete at worlds in the latter because he doesn't have a fast enough qualifying time. Olympic silver medalist Paul Chelimo, who lost a final sprint to the 2008 Olympic Opening Ceremony flag bearer Lomong by .27, leads the team.
Shelby Houlihan completed her second straight 1500m-5000m double at nationals by kicking to win the longer distance. Houlihan, 11th in Rio in the 5000m, is not expected to race that event at worlds as she focuses on the 1500m, where has become one of the world's best in the last two years.
In the pole vault, Jenn Suhr, the 2012 Olympic champ ranked No. 1 in the world this year, and Sandi Morris, the 2016 Olympic silver medalist ranked No. 2 in the world this year, both qualified for worlds.
Olympic long jump champion Jeff Henderson appears to have made the world team despite placing fifth because national champion Ja'Mari Ward and fourth-place Jarvis Gotch don't have a far enough qualifying jump for worlds.
Olympic shot put champion Michelle Carter was beaten by Chase Ealey, who ranks second in the world this year, but both are going to worlds.
Erica Bougard overcame Kendell Williams' 66-point lead in the heptathlon in the last event, the 800m, to repeat as national champion.
Bougard's total, 6,663, ranks third in the world this year behind Olympic champion Nafi Thiam of Belgium and Brit Katarina Johnson-Thompson. The last American to earn a world heptathlon medal was Shelia Burrell in 2001 (bronze).
Jeron Robinson repeated as high jump champion, clearing 2.30 meters to move to joint seventh in the world this year.
The track and field season continues with a Diamond League meet in Birmingham, Great Britain, on Aug. 18.
MORE: Olympic 1500m medalist retires
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Here's Why Chance The Rapper Might Sell His Next Album
Corbin ReiffTwitterMusic Contributor
You'd be hard pressed to find a more fiercely independent artist out there than Chance The Rapper. The Chicago native has made major waves for his decision to forego the major label system and give his music straight to the fans without filter. The tactic has paid off in a huge way. He's arguably one of the biggest names in music at the moment and all his three of mixtapes 10 Day, Acid Rap and Coloring Book have been lavished with critical acclaim. The most recent one scored three Grammy's, including Best Rap Album at this year's ceremony. Now he's thinking of changing things up.
In a wide-ranging interview with Complex, Chance talked about what he's currently thinking of doing with his next project. And no, it's not another mixtape, but apparently a proper album. "I think I might actually sell this album," he said. "That's, like, a big step in itself. I kind of hate the fact that I can't chart, really."
"The way they have the streaming sh*t set up is weak as f**k. It's unfair. 1,500 streams is the equivalent to one [album sale], and that's just that's unfair. Nobody listens to their songs [1,500] times when they buy it—f**k outta here! So, it makes it hard. I can't really compete with other people. Not that the charts matters at all, but like, come on. Anyways, I think having it for purchase would be dope. Also, this is all hypothetical. There is no album. I can feel fans squirming in their chair, like, 'Oh sh*t, he's changing!' This is an idea."
He also elaborated on the famous line in his Coloring Book song "No Problem" where he raps, "If one more label tries to stop me / It's gon' be some dreadhead n***as in your lobby," explaining some of the obstacles that have been thrown in his way. According Chance the major labels have, "Push[ed] me out of headline positions, so that their artists could be a headliner or, like, not cleared songs. Certain songs didn't get cleared; the samples that were good to go didn't get cleared."
Whatever Chance plans to do with his next project, you can certainly expect that the choice will be made entirely on his terms.
Topics: #Chance The RapperTags: CHANCE THE RAPPER