Before joining South Asian University in Feb. 2016, he served Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) for more than 12 years (including 3 years as the head of the Department of Computer Science); Hamdard University for the period Sep. 2000 to Dec. 2003; and UPTEC Computer Consultancy Ltd., Lucknow for the period June 1998 to Aug. 2000. He was also the head of the "Internet Surveillance and Forensics" research group at the Centre of Excellence in Information Assurance, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia during Oct 2010 to Dec. 2012.