She has worked with chimpanzees who communicate with sign language since 1986. In 1985 she received a B.A. in Psychology from University of Oregon, in 1989 a M.S. in Experimental Psychology from Central Washington University, and in 1996 a Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology from University of Nevada-Reno. She is on the board of the Animal Welfare Institute and Friends of Washoe. She specializes in ethological studies of apes, animal intelligence, communication, language, and culture. Her studies include conversational behaviors, private signing, phrase development, chimpanzee to chimpanzee conversation, imaginary play, and artwork in chimpanzees. Other research includes caregiving practices, zoo visitor effects, and public education about chimpanzees. She is active in improving conditions for captive chimpanzees.