Jones employed a nonconfrontational manner as he explained to ticketed motorists at the outset of a hearing in January that the procedure is a civil, not a criminal matter and thus the city only needs “a preponderance of the evidence” to make its case. “Beyond the shadow of a doubt” is not in play here. Still, the startlingly clear videos of the infractions usually leave little doubt whether someone ran a red light or, as is more often the case, failed to make a complete stop before turning right on red.