His research has focused on the measurement and reporting of health care quality and efficiency, pay-for-performance incentives, the organization of physician groups, and a new model for ambulatory care retail clinics. Mehrotra is board certified in both internal medicine and pediatrics. His clinical work has been both as a primary care physician and as an adult and pediatric hospitalist. Mehrotra received his M.D. from the University of California, San Francisco, and completed his residency at Massachusetts General Hospital and Children's Hospital of Boston. In addition, he earned an M.S. in epidemiology from the Harvard School of Public Health and an M.P.H. from the University of California, Berkeley.