His research includes how individuals understand, communicate and represent spatial environments. This includes multi-sensory computer interfaces that provide sound and touch, with a focus on providing accessible cartographic information to blind and vision impaired individuals. He was the chair of the International Cartographic Association Commission on maps and graphics for the blind 2007-2011. Prior collaboration with Dr. Mathieu Simonnet who developed ‘SeaTouch,' an audio-haptic interface for non-visual sailors. More recent research, in collaboration with Dr. Matt Rice, at George Mason University and colleagues, has focused on Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) for accessible maps. An emerging focus is on digital humanities research investigating historical mapping in England and Wales.