He was trained at the Menninger Foundation and Austen Riggs Center, and he was a staff psychologist for Yale’s health service (1961 – 1976) and professor of Psychiatry at Cornell University, Medical College (1976 – 1979). In 1979 he established a private practice in New York City. His early work focused on psychological testing and later he wrote on psychoanalysis and psychotherapy, in works including Aspects of Internalization (1968), A NewLanguage for Psychoanalysis (1976), The Analytic Attitude (1983), Retelling a Life (1992) and Bad Feelings (2003).