Formerly a writer, performer, and dancer, who toured throughout the U.S. between 1990 and 2006, he now studies the economic and social histories of artist incomes and serves as an advisor to Leveraging Investments in Creativity (LINC), a ten-year initiative dedicated to improving the lives of artists in the United States. His paper is drawn from his manuscript-in-progress, The Artist-Producer: How New Market Economies and Cultural Developments Changed the Role of Artists in the U.S. and Abroad (1960-2000). is assistant professor for Performance as Public Practice / Performance Studies and Cultural Policy at the University of Texas at Austin, USA