For the past 10 years, Sheila has been examining the effectiveness of using a system of positive reinforcement called Contingency Management to promote abstinence and improve other outcomes in people trying to quit cigarette smoking and other substance use. Her focus currently and going forward is largely on using Contingency Management as an adjunct treatment to psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation, especially as it pertains to special populations, like low-income and other disadvantaged people, people with other substance use disorders, and hypertensive and other medically compromised patients. A second but related line of emphasis in Sheila’s work is on the dissemination of Contingency Management techniques from research to practice.