Dr. Carrel attained her Masters of Art in Geography, and her PhD in Geography from the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. Her current research focuses on exploring geographic patterns of health and disease using GIS and spatial statistical techniques. Dr. Carrel’s research centers around understanding how complex interactions between people and environments result both in disease outcomes and the progressive evolution of human pathogens. Dr. Carrel combines spatial analytic techniques of landscape ecology and geography with the computational methods of population genetics to study H5N1 influenza in Vietnam, H1N1 in China, malaria drug resistance in the Congoand HIV drug resistance in North Carolina.