He graduated from the University of Missouri – Kansas City School of Medicine. He is a health-system quality specialist, an accomplished healthcare policy strategist, and an innovative researcher focusing on immunization as a means to promote community resilience through enhanced preparedness and protection of emergency services personnel. A retired Fellow of the American College of Emergency Physicians, he is the founding director of Project EQUIPP (Equal Immunization Policies & Practices) – a grassroots organization that has been a catalyst in the formulation of new, U.S. national guidelines that support the pre-event, anthrax vaccination of U.S. civilian emergency responders.