He trained in Clinical Psychology at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, and in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy at the Oxford Cognitive Therapy Centre at the University of Oxford, England. He has worked in a number of clinical settings. In the United Kingdom he worked at The Priory Hospital, Bristol, and at the Centre for Anxiety Disorders and Trauma at the Maudsley Hospital (NHS), London. In New Zealand, his clinical experience included the Anxiety Disorders Service, Canterbury District Health Board, and the Department of Corrections Psychological Service. His research interests include anxiety, trauma, and metacognitive processes.