He graduated (PhD) from the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Vermont, College of Medicine, and completed his postdoctoral training in Physiology and Biophysics at the University of Washington in Seattle, and Pharmacology at the University of California, Davis. His current work aims to develop a better understanding of the cross-talk between myocardial energetic demand and coronary microvascular function by elucidating cellular mechanisms coupling intermediary metabolism with vascular ion channel function. In addition, his laboratory is testing how electrical signaling in the cardiovascular system is affected by exposure to chemical constituents of electronic cigarettes.