He studied there with Řï¿½dkï¿½ and in Paris with Boulanger and Honegger (1946-51). Since 1954 he has lived in the USA, teaching at Cornell University and conducting major orchestras. His music is clear in style, often with powerful rhythms and dramatic ostinatos, and sometimes including quarter-tones and serialism; he is a brilliant orchestrator. Most of his works are instrumental; Music for Prague 1968 (1968) and Apotheosis of this Earth (1970) are among the first concert band works to use aleatory procedures and are classics of their kind.