John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is a textbook publisher. Wiley discovered that it published some of Psihoyos’ photos in its textbooks without a license from Psihoyos. Wiley requested licenses from Psihoyos after the fact. Psihoyos sued Wiley for infringing the copyrights on eight photos. Although Psihoyos won the case overall, some of the photos he alleged were infringed were excluded from consideration by the jury.