She earned a PhD in Clinical Psychology (Virginia Tech), MA in General/Experimental Psychology (The College of William & Mary), BS in Psychology (Virginia Tech), and BS in Sociology with a concentration in Crime and Deviance (Virginia Tech). Her main area of research and clinical expertise is post-trauma functioning, particularly in survivors of sexual violence or mass trauma (e.g., terrorism, mass shootings, combat). She also has interest in predictors of violence and aggression, including psychophysiological and personality factors. She has several active lines of research, including but not limited to: predictors of PTSD following mass shootings, long-term functioning among first responders following terrorism, and outcomes among survivors of sexual violence.