When stormwater regulations evolved to treat what is known as “first flush” (the initial, dirtiest runoff), he recognized that this treatment strategy has resulted in subtle but significant changes to urban form. This interest, in turn, led to commingling his focus on changing stormwater management techniques with Pennypacker's interest in the aesthetics of sustainable landscapes in their study of “Artful Rainwater Design” (ARD). This approach to stormwater management in landscapes as both utility and as amenity is consistently informed and expanded by their work with students at Penn State.