A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Dr Mainero is interested in using innovative neuroimaging approaches that combine different imaging modalities, including ultra-high-field MRI and MRI–PET, and multiple imaging contrasts to study brain tissue pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS), with a particular emphasis on neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and tissue repair. Her goal is to combine these methods with clinical and/or biological markers to investigate the impact of different aspects of MS pathology on disease activity and evolution.