Publications include Police and the use of force: the Savannah study, Westport, Conn., Praeger, 1992; Problem-oriented policing: assessing the process, with M. E. Donohue, The Justice Professional, 1997, 10, pp. 47-59; and Training for community oriented policing, with Donahue, M. E., in Kratcoski, P., Dukes, D., (Eds.), Community policing, Cincinnati, Anderson Publishing, 1995. His research interests are police and the use of force, homicide, and police personnel issues.