Prior to joining UTS, he spent three years at Northumbria University, UK, where he was a Senior Lecturer in Journalism and Media. He earned a PhD at Leiden University, the Netherlands, where he also worked as an Assistant Professor in Digital Media. He was a Lecturer in Journalism at Amsterdam University College between 2008 and 2012. He holds a BA (Hons) in Social Sciences (Utrecht University, Netherlands), MA in International Journalism (Cardiff University, UK), MPhil in International Politics (University of Hull, UK). Bruce has cross-disciplinary research interests in the politicisation of social media, communication technologies, citizen media, political communication and online protest cultures within an Afrocentric context