He received his PhD in Justice Administration from the University of Louisville in 2015. His research interests are focused on policing, particularly police discretion, narcotic policing, police use of force, police training, and police technologies. He has participated in multiple research projects including a Project Safe Neighborhoods grant evaluating hot spots policing and focused deterrence and the evaluation of Louisville Metro Police Department’s Implementation of Body Worn Cameras. His research has been published in Deviant Behavior, British Journal of Criminology, and Theoretical Criminology.