She is also a Research Professor at DIW Berlin and a Research Fellow of IZA. Victoria Prowse holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Oxford. Victoria Prowse has written and published several papers on labor supply, retirement, and employment dynamics. An important theme of this research is the emphasis on fiscal institutions, such as public pensions, unemployment insurance and other transfers. Much of this work places labor supply and retirement decisions in the context of the life-cycle, and thus recognizes that individuals make choices accounting for their effects on future income, benefit entitlement and job opportunities.