He holds a PhD in context-aware systems from the Computer Science and Information Systems Department at the University of Limerick, Ireland. While Carl has published within digital games, the majority of his research has been published outside the digital games sphere, where he manages projects in close collaboration with international industry partners developing mobile and wearable devices and services. This has included gaming, entertainment, and well-being based implementations to understand how human-technology relationships are affected and change over time, as well as how intelligent system design can adapt to this.