She specialises in researching legal constructions of culpability and has published widely in the area. Her research is cross-disciplinary, drawing upon a range of historical, philosophical, empirical and literary materials to enrich her analysis of the law. Penny appeared as an expert witness on criminal liability before the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse. Penny recently received an ARC grant ‘Rethinking institutional culpability: criminal law, philosophy and horror’. This project interrogates the organisational culpability (or lack thereof) through the prisms of law, horror and philosophy.