Her newest work, grandly titled ''The Symphony of the Universe,'' written for 100 timpani, 5 bass drums, 49 hand bells, a 15-piece big-band orchestra, an 80-voice chorus and a cathedral organ, is to be given its world pre-miere tonight at 8 at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. The cathedral is at 1047 Amsterdam Avenue, at 112th Street, and tickets are $5. Information: 662-2133. SATURDAY 4 NIGHTS OF TWYLA THARP