He shows how Marxist cultural theory generates unique insights into culture and into the relation between culture and psychology. Carl also explores political aspects of psychological theories and methodologies, and he shows how political insights illuminate scientific aspects of the theories and methodologies. He has critiqued scientific and political shortcomings of mainstream psychology, evolutionary psychology, cross-cultural psychology, positivistic methodology, post modernism, and individualistic-subjectivistic approaches to cultural psychology. Carl utilizes the theory of Vygotsky to extend Marxist cultural theory to psychology. His latest book is Cultural Psychology: A Perspective on Psychological Functioning and Social Reform (LEA). His forthcoming book is Macro Cultural Psychology: A Political Philosophy of Mind (Oxford UP).