She received a master's degree in in Special Education from the University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, and a masters degree in International Public Policy and a PhD in Curriculum and instruction from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her research focuses on education and development in contested areas and the perspectives of key stakeholders regarding the education of African immigrant students. Correspondence regarding this article can also be addressed directly to: Wangari Gichiru at, gichiru@ccsu.edu.