Previously, he was a researcher with the Semantic Media Interfaces group at CWI. His research areas are Semantic Web user interaction, recommender systems and the semi-automatic generation of interactive multimedia presentations. He received his Sc.D in computer science from the University of Massachusetts Lowell in 1996. Lloyd Rutledge was part of the SYMM working group of the W3C, participating the development of SMIL 1.0 and 2.0.