He is the editor of Afro-Brazilian Culture and Politics: Bahia, 1790s to 1900s and the author of Race, State, and Armed Forces in Independence-Era Brazil: Bahia, 1790s?1840s. Thomas L. Whigham is a professor of history at the University of Georgia. He is the author of The Paraguayan War, Volume 1: Causes and Early Conduct (Nebraska 2002) and The Politics of River Trade: Tradition and Development in the Upper Plata, 1780?1870.