He holds a BA Econ. from Bosphorus University in Turkey, an MA in Quantitative Economics from University of East Anglia in the UK and a PhD in Economics from Queen’s University. He has previously held positions at Universite Laval, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Concordia University and University of Sussex in the UK. His interests include defence and national security economics, health economics, defence procurement, defence industrial policy (offsets, in-service support, munitions management), defence force generation, intelligence agencies and coordination in intelligence.