He regards the terms beautiful or unsightly as broad and often rather meaningless qualifications. After all, the beauty of a certain location or building is largely inspired by the perception of the spectator; visual aspects are no more than a minor part of this perception. The perception of the beauty of a city is often determined by the presence of a historic city centre (authentic or not). Concepts such as contemporary, industrial, modern, commercial or large-scale are too often associated with the notion unsightly.