She specializes in the fields of fiscal policy, monetary theory, and macroeconomic stabilization. Current research interests include the nature of federal government finance, Keynesian fiscal policy, and the impact of direct job creation on gender outcomes. Tcherneva has collaborated with economists and policymakers from Argentina, Bulgaria, China, Turkey, and the United States on advancing and evaluating public employment programs. She has written both on the financial and institutional aspects of job guarantees and their relative advantages over income support programs.