Craig Venter Institute (JCVI). He specializes in the development of databases, algorithms, and reasoning methods for microbial annotation. He leads TIGRFAMs, a database of hidden Markov model (HMM)-based protein family definitions for use in automated annotation systems. He also created Genome Properties, through which a collection of rules based largely on HMMs determines the presence or absence of a wide variety of metabolic pathways, molecular complexes, transport and secretion systems, selfish genetic elements, regulatory circuits, and so on.