He undertook both his BSc (Honours) and MSc in Zoology at the University of British Columbia, and his PhD at the University of Alberta. His Masters and PhD research were based at the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre on the west coast of Vancouver Island, focusing on the evolutionary ecology of marine intertidal invertebrates. Tim’s interests focus on the ecology of freshwater and marine invertebrates, and those factors (both environmental and anthropogenic) that have influenced and are currently influencing their evolution through time