He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Korea University (with Professor Kang-Jin Kim) and Ph.D. degree from the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn, (with Professor Xiaoyang Zhu). He had three years' experience at the ETRI (with Man Gu Kang) before he moved to UNIST in 2009. His main interests include dye sensitized solar cells and photochemical reaction with TiO2 nanostructures. He has more than 50 peer reviewed journal articles, 20 patents, and 2 book chapters on flexible dye sensitized solar cells based on metal substrates.