She obtained her undergraduate degree in anthropology from Princeton University. She completed her MD and MPH degrees at Tufts University, with research focused on health disparities and primary care-based addiction treatment. She completed her family medicine residency at Tufts, concentrating on Patient Centered Medical Home transformation and addiction medicine. During residency, Dr. Agnoli served as chief resident and was co-leader in launching an addiction group visit model and comprehensive addiction medicine curriculum.