He earned his Ph.D. in Acoustics from the Pennsylvania State University in 1995, specializing in structural acoustics and vibration. For the last eight years he has investigated the vibration and acoustic signatures of baseball and softball bats. His research explores the physics of the trampoline effect in hollow metal and composite bats and the vibration in the handle that contributes to sting. He also has an extensive website with articles explaining the physics of baseball and softball bats and the metrics used to measure bat performance.