He earned his PhD from the University of Virginia. His research focuses on institutional communicative interactions particularly in political and commercial advertisement discourses in the Swahili-speaking east African region. His most recent published articles include “Language choice in Dar-es-Salaam’s billboards (a chapter in Fiona Mc Laughlin, ed. 2009. The languages of urban Africa. London) and “Codeswitching in Tanzanian parliamentary discourse: a communicative innovation” (Issues in Political Discourse Analysis, Vol. 2(1).