He also teaches at the Institute of European Studies of the Free University of Brussels (ULB). He received his Ph.D. from the University of Paris-2, and is the author of La social-démocratie de 1945 à nos jours (Paris, 1994) and In the Name of Social Democracy, The Great Transformation: 1945 to the Present (New York, 2002). His main areas of research are political parties, Greek politics, European politics, and electoral competition. He is currently working on the relationship between the European Union and Social Democratic Parties. [Last Updated 2009]